identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FD488122FFE93C574E4AFA8D56E5FA1C.text	FD488122FFE93C574E4AFA8D56E5FA1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eolidia	<div><p>A EOLIDIA FILOMENAE SP. NOV.</p> <p>LSID URN:LSID:ZOOBANK.ORG:ACT: F99139A8-04B3- 4F70-AA72-9F037C8FF05A</p> <p>(FIGS 7C, 9C – F, 11A – C)</p> <p>Aeolidia sp. A Carmona et al., 2013: 6.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: MNCN (15.05/74475), one specimen, dissected, 25 mm in length alive, dissected, Spain, Galicia, A Coru na ~, Galicia Ribeira, iii.11, collected by Jacinto Perez Dieste. Paratype: MNCN (15.05/74474), one specimen, dissected, 45 mm in length alive, the Netherlands, Eastern Scheld, iv.12, collected by Peter H. van Bragt. Other material: MNCN (15.05/74472), one specimen, dissected, 25 mm in length alive, France, Cap Ferret, v.09, collected by Marina Poddubetskaia; MNCN (15.05/74470), one specimen, dissected, 6 mm in length alive, France, Cap Ferret, v.09, collected by Marina Poddubetskaia; MNCN (15.05/74471), one specimen, dissected, 12 mm in length alive, France, Cap Ferret, v.09, collected by Marina Poddubetskaia; CASIZ 187742, one specimen, dissected, 25 mm in length alive, Spain, Galicia, A. Coru na ~, Galicia Ribeira, iii.11, collected by Jacinto Perez Dieste; MNCN (15.05/74473), one specimen, dissected, 17 mm preserved, Portugal, Cosata da Arrabida, Cabo Alfonso, v.12, collected by Goncalo Calado.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat. Spain, Galicia, A. Coru na ~. Found under Laminaria spp. in 6 m of water.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. From Scotland (Picton &amp; Morrow, 1994; as A. papillosa; present study) to southern Lisbon (Portugal; present study), including the Netherlands (present study).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Matilde Filomena Lopez Gonzalez, born in Galicia (Spain) and grandmother of the third author of this paper.</p> <p>External morphology (Fig. 11A–C). The body is broad and relatively low, with a pointed posterior end of the foot. The foot corners are tentaculiform. The background colour is variable, ranging from white, light beige, salmon colour to greenish. White or lightbrown flecks are scattered all over the body. A white Y – shaped mark that runs from the oral tentacles to the pericardial area, passing between the rhinophores, may be present. This Y – shaped mark can be very evident and intense opaque white, or less noticeably beige or light brown. White or beige flecks may partly cover the Y – shaped pattern. The rhinophores are conical, blunt, and smooth. They are translucent with white or light-brown spots. The eyes are visible at the base of the rhinophores in lighter specimens (Fig. 11B). The oral tentacles are elongate, translucent, with opaque white or beige – brown flecks, depending on the general colour. Some specimens have white or beige tips, whereas the remaining species have translucent tips.</p> <p>The cerata are flattened, broader at their base, and curved inwards. Those at the anterior region and near the posterior end of the foot are smaller than those in the middle. A bare zone from behind the rhinophores to the pericardium is present. The cerata have a lighter coloration than the rest of the body. Their apexes are white. The white – beige digestive gland is visible throughout the body wall. The cerata are arranged in up to 16 oblique rows, with each row including up to eight cerata. The anus is cleioproctic, situated between the ninth and tenth row of the right side. The gonopore is located between the fourth and fifth anterior rows of cerata.</p> <p>Internal anatomy (Figs 7C, 9C–F). The jaws are more delicate than in A. papillosa, with a smooth masticatory edge (Fig. 9C, E). The radular formulae are 15 X 0.1.0 (MNCN 15.05/74470, 6 mm) and 16 X 0.1.0 (MNCN 15.05/74475, 25 mm). The teeth are progressively smaller towards the posterior region of the radula and pectinate with 25 – 31 denticles (Fig. 9D, F), which are relatively broad. Salivary glands were not found. Oral glands are absent.</p> <p>The reproductive system is diaulic (Fig. 7C). The preampullary duct widens into the narrow and elongate ampulla. The ampulla bifurcates into the oviduct and the vas deferens. The vas deferens is extremely long and enters the wider proximal portion of the penial sac. The penial papilla is devoid of any armature. The pear-shaped receptaculum seminis joins the oviduct and enters the female gland. The vagina opens ventrally to the penis.</p> <p>Remarks. Our study reveals that the specimens from several localities from the Atlantic coast of Europe, previously attributed to A. papillosa (Carmona et al., 2013), belong to a different species. The accepted variability in the colour pattern of the former species masked the existence of a second and pseudocryptic European species of this genus. Anatomically, both species A. papillosa and A. filomenae sp. nov. are very similar, but there are several consistent differences. The jaws of A. filomenae sp. nov. are more delicate than in A. papillosa. In addition, the number of radular teeth is significantly higher in A. papillosa: whereas A. papillosa can have 31 teeth, A. filomenae sp. nov. has a maxiumum of 16 teeth. Regarding the reproductive system, the vas deferens in A. filomenae sp. nov. is much longer than the vas deferens of A. papillosa. Also, some external differences have been observed. The cerata of A. filomenae sp. nov. are more flattened, slightly hook shaped, and usually show a paler coloration than the rest of the body, whereas the cerata in A. papillosa are usually darker and more slender.</p> <p>After a careful examination of all the available literature concerning A. papillosa, it was not possible to identify our species amongst any of the specific European names considered as synonyms of A. papillosa; however, considering the geographical range of A. filomenae sp. nov., there are several names that could match our species although their descriptions are very poor, vague, or almost inexistent. These names are:</p> <p>? Doris spinis mollibus hirsute Baster, 1762: 81, plate X.</p> <p>? Eolis cuvierii Lamarck, 1819: 302.</p> <p>Eolidia zetlantica Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1839: 647.</p> <p>Aeolis lesliana MacGillivray, 1843: 70.</p> <p>Aeolidia papillosa L., not A. papillosa (L., 1761): Walton, 1908: 227.</p> <p>Eolis papillosa var. albina Dautzenberg &amp; Durouchoux, 1913: 8.</p> <p>Aeolidia papillosa L., not A. papillosa (L., 1761): Ortea, 1980: 73.</p> <p>Aeolidia papillosa L., not A. papillosa (L., 1761): Picton &amp; Morrow, 1994: 130.</p> <p>Aeolidia filomenae sp. nov. is sympatric to A. papillosa in the Netherlands and the British Isles.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD488122FFE93C574E4AFA8D56E5FA1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kienberger, Karen;Carmona, Leila;Pola, Marta;Padula, Vinicius;Gosliner, Terrence M.;Cervera, Juan Lucas	Kienberger, Karen, Carmona, Leila, Pola, Marta, Padula, Vinicius, Gosliner, Terrence M., Cervera, Juan Lucas (2016): Aeolidia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1761) (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia), single species or a cryptic species complex? A morphological and molecular study. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (3): 481-506, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12379
FD488122FFEA3C504CA1FA0B5105FC24.text	FD488122FFEA3C504CA1FA0B5105FC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eolidia	<div><p>A EOLIDIA LOUI SP. NOV.</p> <p>LSID URN:LSID:ZOOBANK.ORG:ACT: D79111E0- 0229-4C75-82DA-33C86AF49E5F</p> <p>(FIGS 7D, 9G, H, 12A – E)</p> <p>Aeolidia herculea, not A. herculea Bergh, 1894; Smith &amp; Gordon, 1948: 181.</p> <p>Aeolidia papillosa, not A. papillosa (L., 1761); Er. Marcus, 1961b: 54, plate 10, figs 193 – 195.</p> <p>Aeolidia papillosa herculea, not A. herculea Bergh, 1894; MacFarland, 1966: 370, plate 72, figs 1 – 8.</p> <p>Aeolidia sp. B: Carmona et al. (2013: 6).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: CASIZ 182214, one specimen, dissected, 30 mm in length preserved, USA, California, Marin Country, Duxbury Reef, i.10, collected by Terrence M. Gosliner. Paratype: CASIZ 102425, one specimen, dissected, 28 mm in length preserved, USA, California, vii.76, collected by T. Pennington and D. Thoney. Other material: CASIZ 104504, one specimen, dissected, 20 mm in length preserved, USA, California, v.05, collected by Rebecca Johnson and Christine Piotrowski; CASIZ 168044, one specimen, dissected, 20 mm in length preserved, USA, California, iv.03, collected by R. Ayres, C. Brown, M. Walton, and S. Lattanzio.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat. USA, California, Marin Country, Duxbury Reef. Found in intertidal area, within tide pools and under the rocks.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. To date, this species is distributed from Cape Arago, Oregon, to San Diego, California, USA.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Lou Timothee Menelik von Graffenried Kienberger, first nephew of the first author of this paper.</p> <p>External morphology (Fig. 12A–E). The body is broad and relatively low, narrowing to the posterior end of the foot. The foot corners are tentaculiform. The coloration is variable, ranging from translucent white (Fig. 12A – C) to bright orange or brown (Fig. 12D). Over the dorsum there are opaque white marks that may be covered by light-ochre and brown flecks, and/or spots. The white marks may form a somewhat uniform patch that runs, like the Y – shaped mark, from the head to the posterior end of the foot. The rhinophores and oral tentacles present the same colour as the body and light tips. The rhinophores are conical, blunt, and covered by irregular warts (Fig. 12E). The eyes are visible at the base of the rhinophores. The oral tentacles are elongate and translucent, with opaque white pigments.</p> <p>The cerata are somewhat bristly, flattened, and broader at their base, with pointed tips. Those at the anterior region and near the posterior end of the foot are smaller than those in the middle. There is a bare zone from behind the rhinophores to the pericardium. The cerata are translucent and have the same coloration as the background colour of the body. White pigment or spots cover both edges of the cerata. This pigmentation may reach the proximal two-thirds of the cerata. The ochre, greenish, or brownish digestive gland is visible throughout the body wall. The cerata are arranged in up to 24 rows, and are extremely densely packed. Each row has between four and 30 cerata, decreasing in size towards the posterior end of the foot. Behind the pericardium the cerata rows join across the back, forming an arch that goes from one side of the body to the other. The cleioproctic anus is situated between the ninth and tenth rows on the right side, whereas the genital aperture is located between the right fourth and fifth rows.</p> <p>Internal anatomy (Fig. 7D, 9G–H). The jaws have a smooth masticatory edge (Fig. 9G). The radular formula is 16 X 0.1.0 (CASIZ 182214, 30 mm). The teeth are progressively smaller towards the posterior region of the radula and present 41 – 45 denticles (Fig. 9H). Salivary glands were not found. Oral glands are absent.</p> <p>The reproductive system is diaulic (Fig. 7D). The preampullary duct widens into the narrow, elongate, and moderately short ampulla. The ampulla bifur- cates into the oviduct and the vas deferens. The vas deferens is quite long and convoluted, entering the wider proximal portion of the penial sac. The penial papilla is devoid of any armature. The somewhat rounded receptaculum seminis joins the oviduct and enters the female gland. The vagina opens ventrally to the penis.</p> <p>Remarks. In the past, specimens of Aeolidia collected from Californian shores were named A. papillosa, A. herculea Bergh, 1894; or A. papillosa herculea MacFarland, 1966; by several authors (Smith &amp; Gordon, 1948; Er. Marcus, 1961b; MacFarland, 1966). Ernest Marcus (1961b) attributed the Californian specimens of Aeolidia to A. papillosa, describing them as pink with occasionally red cerata. Additionally, their cerata were flattened, broader at their base, leaving a free space in the anterior region just over the heart. Marcus (1961b) also illustrated the radular teeth of these specimens. Some years later, specimens from Monterey Bay and Waddel Creek Reef were attributed to A. papillosa herculea by MacFarland (1966). He provided detailed information about the coloration of the living animal (dull rose or mauve) and its radular teeth.</p> <p>As the coloration, the ceratal shape, and the morphology of the radular teeth of A. loui sp. nov. match with the specimens found by Er. Marcus (1961b) and MacFarland (1966), we concluded that all are conspecific and belong to an undescribed species.</p> <p>Regarding A. herculea, this species is a deep-water aeolid (Behrens, 2004). Therefore, all of the specimens studied by the above authors, together with those of Smith &amp; Gordon (1948) and McDonald (1983), cannot be attributed to A. herculea because they were collected from shallow waters. Gosliner &amp; Behrens (1996) described A. farallonensis from material collected at 1405 – 1491 m depth. This species is currently considered as the junior synonym of A. herculea (Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2011). We consider that A. herculea and A. loui sp. nov. are not the same species, as our specimens reside in shallow waters. Also, there are significant morphological differences between these two species, especially in the position of the anus: whereas A. herculea is pleuroproctic, A. loui sp. nov. has a cleioproctic anus situated between the ninth and tenth rows on the right side.</p> <p>The bristly cerata and the warty rhinophores of A. loui sp. nov. easily distinguish it from the remaining Aeolidia species. This is the first time that an Aeolidia species is described with ‘papillate’ rhinophores. Moreover, it should be mentioned that this ornamentation of the rhinophores is lost when the specimens are preserved. This would explain why Er. Marcus (1961b) and MacFarland (1966) depicted A. loui sp. nov. rhinophores as smooth.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD488122FFEA3C504CA1FA0B5105FC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kienberger, Karen;Carmona, Leila;Pola, Marta;Padula, Vinicius;Gosliner, Terrence M.;Cervera, Juan Lucas	Kienberger, Karen, Carmona, Leila, Pola, Marta, Padula, Vinicius, Gosliner, Terrence M., Cervera, Juan Lucas (2016): Aeolidia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1761) (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia), single species or a cryptic species complex? A morphological and molecular study. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (3): 481-506, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12379
