identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1712200B52101BAC8F570E9C8F2EDA4E.text	1712200B52101BAC8F570E9C8F2EDA4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zasphinctus obamai Hita Garcia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Zasphinctus obamai Hita Garcia sp. n. Figs 3, 4A, D, G, J, M, P, 5A, D, G, J, M, P, 6A, D, G, J, M, P, 7, 8, 13A, 16, Video 1 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, pinned worker, KENYA, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Buyangu, 0.35222, 34.8647, 1640 m, secondary rainforest, leaf litter, collection code FHG00001, VII.-VIII.2004 (F. Hita Garcia) (NMKE: CASENT0764125). Paratypes, seven pinned workers: two with same data as holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764126; MCZC: CASENT0764127); one from KENYA, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Isecheno, equatorial rainforest, sifted litter and soil under  Morus mesozygia , 0.34, 34.85, 1550 m, 6.XI.2002 (W. Okeka) (LACM: CASENT0178218; ZFMK: CASENT0764648); two from KENYA, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Kisere Forest Fragment, 0.38505, 34.89378, 1650 m, rainforest, ex leaf litter, Transect 11, collection code FHG00036, 16.VII.2007 (F. Hita Garcia) (NMKE: CASENT0764128; NMKE: CASENT0764129); and one from KENYA, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Bunyala Forest Fragment, 0.37889, 34.69917, 1448 m, Winkler leaf litter extraction, collection code ANTC39476, VIII.2008 (G. Fischer) (ZFMK: CASENT0764647). </p>
            <p>Cybertypes, the cybertype dataset consists of all volumetric raw data in DICOM format, 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of head, mesosoma, metasoma, and the full body of the physical holotype (NMKE: CASENT0764125) and/or one paratype (MCZC: CASENT0764127) in addition to montage photos illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body of both specimens. The data is deposited at Dryad and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of both types (Hita Garcia et al. 2017c, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1). In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the holotype at Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/models/dfe15a58514c4be89cdeff7f9713091c).</p>
            <p>Differential worker diagnosis.</p>
            <p>See Table 3.</p>
            <p>Worker measurements and indices.</p>
            <p>See Table 4.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This species is named in honour of Barack Hussein  Obama , the 44th President of the United States of America. We want to acknowledge his important efforts undertaken for the conservation of fragile natural habitats around the globe. Also, the type locality of  Z. obamai is geographically close to the hometown of  Obama 's paternal family in Western Kenya. </p>
            <p> Distribution and biology. </p>
            <p> Zasphinctus obamai is only known from the type locality, the Kakamega Forest in Western Kenya, which is a tropical equatorial rainforest. Despite a thorough ant inventory (Hita Garcia et al. 2009),  Z. obamai was only sampled four times making it one of the rarest ant species of the Kakamega Forest. It was only found in the leaf litter layer of primary or near-primary forest habitats. Considering the rarity of this species in the type locality it is possible that it might also be encountered in other rainforest localities westwards of Kakamega, but eluded collections in the past. However, presently,  Z. obamai appears to be endemic to this one forest. </p>
            <p> Diagnostic comments. </p>
            <p> Zasphinctus obamai appears to be morphologically closer to  Z. wilsoni than to  Z. sarowiwai . Among other important differences,  Z. obamai and  Z. wilsoni are significantly smaller, lack a median clypeal tooth, and have a clearly defined vertexal margin compared to  Z. sarowiwai .  Zasphinctus obamai and  Z. wilsoni can be easily separated by the characters provided above in Table 3. On the basis of the type series, there is no observable intraspecific variation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1712200B52101BAC8F570E9C8F2EDA4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Garcia, Francisco Hita;Fischer, Georg;Liu, Cong;Audisio, Tracy L.;Economo, Evan P.	Garcia, Francisco Hita, Fischer, Georg, Liu, Cong, Audisio, Tracy L., Economo, Evan P. (2017): Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. ZooKeys 693: 33-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012
E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB.text	E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia sp. n. Figs 3, 4B, E, H, K, N, Q, 5B, E, H, K, N, Q, 6B, E, H, K, N, Q, 9, 10, 13B, 14, 15, Videos 2, 4, 5 </p>
            <p> Type material. </p>
            <p>Holotype, pinned worker, CAMEROON, Centre Province, Mbalmayo, 3.4597, 11.4714, ca. 600 m, rainforest, XI.1993 (N. Stork) (BMNH: CASENT0764654). Paratypes, three pinned workers with same data as holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764646; CASENT0764649; CASENT0764650).</p>
            <p>Cybertypes, the cybertype dataset consists of all volumetric raw data in DICOM format, 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of head, mesosoma, metasoma, and the full body of the physical holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764654) and/or one paratype (BMNH: CASENT0764650) in addition to montage photos illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body of both specimens. The data is deposited at Dryad and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of both types (Hita Garcia et al. 2017c, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1). In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the holotype at Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/models/3e5a54cb8ea94028a49f0722bd5eefe8).</p>
            <p>Non-type material.</p>
            <p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Epulu, 1.38333, 28.58333, 750 m, rainforest, 1.XI.1995 (S.D. Torti); GHANA: Wiawso, 6.2158, -2.485, ca. 160 m, 25.IV.1969 (D. Leston); IVORY COAST: Tai Forest, 5.75, -7.12, ca. 250 m, rainforest, 18.-20.V.1977 (T. Diomande); UGANDA: Western, Kabarole, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Biological Station, 0.56437, 30.36059, 1510-1520 m, rainforest, 6.-16.VIII.2012 (different independent collectors: F.A. Esteves, F. Hita Garcia &amp; P.G. Hawkes).</p>
            <p>Differential worker diagnosis.</p>
            <p>See Table 3.</p>
            <p>Worker measurements and indices (N=11).</p>
            <p>See Table 4.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The name of the new species is a patronym in honour of the famous Nigerian writer, environmentalist, and human rights activist Kenule Beeson  “Ken” Saro-Wiwa. By naming a species from threatened rainforest habitats after him, we want to acknowledge his environmental legacy and draw attention to the often-problematic conservation situation in most Afrotropical rainforests. </p>
            <p>Distribution and biology.</p>
            <p> The new species has a comparatively wide distribution ranging from Ivory Coast to Uganda, even though it is not known from all countries in-between. However, this is likely based on a sampling artefact considering the rarity of  Zasphinctus in general and the poor sampling in most African countries. Therefore,  we expect future collections in all countries in-between. All samples are from rainforest habitats at elevations from 250 to 1510 m. Based on the available collection data, the species lives in soil and leaf litter. </p>
            <p>Diagnostic comments.</p>
            <p> Zasphinctus sarowiwai differs in most diagnostic characters from the other two Afrotropical species. Most obviously, it can be separated from the other species by its much larger body size, the prominent median clypeal tooth, and the almost complete lack of surface sculpture. Despite its wide distribution range, there is very little observable variation. Most notably, the colour appears to be generally darker in the specimens from Uganda and Cameroon, which are uniformly very dark  brown to black, while the specimens from West Africa tend to have a much lighter abdomen and often relatively bright legs. Furthermore, we observed some variation in the material from Uganda. In some specimens, the subpetiolar process of the petiolar  sternum had a slightly weaker, but still distinct, fenestra compared to the material from other localities, and the ventral margin of the process had a posteroventral tooth-like projection. In addition, the anterodorsal margin of abdominal segment III was slightly more angulate in a few specimens while in several other specimens the metapleuron had some weak punctate sculpture. Overall, we consider this variation as geographic and very well within the intraspecific range of such a widespread species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Garcia, Francisco Hita;Fischer, Georg;Liu, Cong;Audisio, Tracy L.;Economo, Evan P.	Garcia, Francisco Hita, Fischer, Georg, Liu, Cong, Audisio, Tracy L., Economo, Evan P. (2017): Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. ZooKeys 693: 33-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012
D4F6234476C676AAF2367FB22906D39C.text	D4F6234476C676AAF2367FB22906D39C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zasphinctus wilsoni Hita Garcia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Zasphinctus wilsoni Hita Garcia sp. n. Figs 3, 4C, F, I, L, O, R, 5C, F, I, L, O, R, 6C, F, I, L, O, R, 11, 12, 13C, Video 3 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, pinned worker, Mozambique, Sofala, Gorongosa National Park, 2 km S Chitengo, -18.99472, 34.35769, 1 m, secondary forest, leaf litter, collection code ANTC37418, 30.V.2012 (G.D. Alpert) (MCZC: MCZ-ENT-00512764).</p>
            <p> Cybertype, the cybertype dataset consists of the volumetric raw data in DICOM format, as well as 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of the head, mesosoma, metasoma, and the full body of the physical holotype (MCZC: MCZ-ENT-00512764) in addition to montage photos illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body. The data is deposited at Dryad and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of the holotype (Hita Garcia et al. 2017c, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1). In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely ac  cessible 3D surface model of the holotype at Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/models/36bab7ecaa8d45b18013ea679b7ca54a). </p>
            <p>Differential worker diagnosis.</p>
            <p>See Table 3.</p>
            <p>Worker measurements and indices (N=1).</p>
            <p>See Table 4.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This new species is dedicated to the renowned scientist, author, and conservationist Edward O. Wilson from Harvard University in honour of his more than six decades of accomplishments to the fields of myrmecology, sociobiology, biodiversity, and conservation.</p>
            <p> Distribution and biology. </p>
            <p> Currently,  Z. wilsoni is only known from its type locality, the Gorongosa National Park where it was collected in the leaf litter of a secondary dry forest. Considering how generally undersampled south-eastern Africa is, it is likely  that Z. wilsoni might be encountered in other woodland localities in Mozambique, Tanzania, or Zimbabwe. </p>
            <p>Diagnostic comments.</p>
            <p> Zasphinctus wilsoni is morphologically closer to  Z. obamai than to  Z. sarowiwai . It shares the smaller body size, the lack of median clypeal tooth, and a clearly defined vertexal margin with  Z. obamai , separating both from  Z. sarowiwai . However, the conspicuous surface sculpture on the cephalic dorsum and the sides of mesosoma and petiole clearly distinguishes  Z. wilsoni from the other two species. Since  Z. wilsoni is only known from the holotype there is no available information about intraspecific variation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4F6234476C676AAF2367FB22906D39C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Garcia, Francisco Hita;Fischer, Georg;Liu, Cong;Audisio, Tracy L.;Economo, Evan P.	Garcia, Francisco Hita, Fischer, Georg, Liu, Cong, Audisio, Tracy L., Economo, Evan P. (2017): Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. ZooKeys 693: 33-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012
