taxonID	type	description	language	source
FE448785FF888560FCDFFD4AFABAF927.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name “ islandicus ” refers to the country where it was originally discovered by Richters in 1904, which is Iceland.	en	Stec, Daniel (2023): Integrative taxonomy helps to revise systematics and questions the purported cosmopolitan nature of the type species within the genus Diaforobiotus (Eutardigrada: Richtersiusidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 23 (2): 309-328, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6
FE448785FF888560FCDFFD4AFABAF927.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 20 animals and 13 eggs: specimens mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium (18 animals + 10 eggs), fixed on SEM stub (0 + 3), and used for DNA extraction and sequencing (2 + 0; in Stec et al. (2020 c )). Animals (measurements and statistics in Table 2). When alive, body pale yellow to light orange; after fixation in Hoyer’s medium body transparent (Fig. 1 A). Large, black granular eyes present, visible also in specimens mounted in Hoyer’s medium. Body cuticle smooth, without granulation but with circular or elliptical pores sometimes with uneven edges (0.7 – 2.4 µm in diameter) distributed randomly on the entire body cuticle with the largest pores present in the dorso-caudal cuticle (Fig. 1 B-D). Pores on the ventral side of the body more scattered than on the dorsal side (Fig. 1 B-C). Granulation absent on all legs. Pulvini present on each leg I – III on the internal leg surface (Fig. 1 D). Claws slender, of the richtersiusid type, with common tract with a system of internal septa, and with an evident stalk connecting the claw to the lunula (Fig. 2 A, B) as described by Lisi et al. (2020). The common tract longer than the half of the entire claw height (Fig. 2 A, B). Primary and secondary branches form an acute angle at the bifurcation (Fig. 2 A, B). Primary branches with prominent accessory points clearly protruding from the branch (Fig. 2 A, B). Lunulae, slightly trapezoidal in shape, present on all legs, with lunulae in hind leg being distinctly larger (Fig. 2 A, B). Lunulae on all the legs equipped with clearly visible teeth (several in lunulae I – III and up to 20 in lunulae IV; Fig. 2 A, B). A single continuous cuticular bar and paired muscle attachments present present proximally to claws on legs I – III (Figs. 1 A and 2 A). In PCM, in the leg midsection (lateral perspective on the leg), the cuticular bar is visible as a strong and distinct thickening (Fig. 1 A). Mouth antero-ventral. Relatively short bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (Fig. 3 A) with ten peribuccal lamellae, rigid buccal tube, bent anteriorly, with ventral lamina. Based on PCM observations, the oral cavity armature is well developed and composed of three bands of teeth (Fig. 3 B, C). The first band is composed of very small granular teeth positioned posteriorly to peribuccal lamellae, visible as faint granulation in PCM (Fig. 3 B, C). The second band of teeth is composed of several rows of granular teeth (larger than teeth of the first band), of which the most posterior row comprises the larger teeth (Fig. 3 B, C). The teeth of the third band are located within the posterior portion of the oral cavity, anteriorly to the buccal tube opening (Fig. 3 B, C). The third band of teeth is divided into the dorsal and the ventral portion (Fig. 3 B, C). The dorsal portion is composed of three large teeth (Fig. 3 B). The two lateral teeth are visible as lateral ridges positioned just before buccal tube opening, whereas the medial circular tooth is positioned further towards the pharynx in the buccal tube (Fig. 3 B). The ventral portion of the third band of teeth is fainter in PCM compared to the dorsal portion (Fig. 3 C). The ventral portion is composed of two small indistinct lateral teeth (in PCM faintly visible as granular) and a medial circular tooth (Fig. 3 C). Pharynx spherical, with triangular apophyses, three anterior cuticular spikes (typically only two are visible in any given plane) and two rod-shaped macroplacoids (2 <1) (Fig. 3 A, D, E). The first macroplacoid is anteriorly narrowed and constricted in the middle, whereas the second has a subterminal constriction (Fig. 3 D, E). Microplacoid absent. Remarks: Residual of the additional thickening of ventral lamina reported for Diaforobiotus by Lisi et al. (2020) not visible in the examined specimens. Most probably the difference in visibility of this structure is caused by the usage of different mounting media (Hoyer’s medium in this study and polyvinyl-lacto-phenol in Lisi et al. (2020 )). Eggs (measurements and statistics in Table 3). Laid freely, yellowish to light orange, spherical with slender conical processes (base diameter nearly three times smaller than process height) and smooth egg surface without areolation or reticulation (Figs. 4 A-F and 5 A-F). In PCM only, egg surface between processes has densely and evenly distributed, dark dots that probably constitute pillars or supporting structures within the labyrinthine layer of the chorion (Fig. 4 A, B, D, F). Dark thickenings / projections around egg processes bases absent. The egg processes are surrounded by a ring of several small pores (0.1 – 0.5 µm in diameter) that are usually clearly visible in PCM and in SEM (Figs. 4 A-F and 5 B-F). The process apices sometimes exhibit a faint projection at the top (Figs. 4 E and 5 D). Nearly entire process surface (excluding the most basal portion) is covered by granulation: dark dots of rough / jagged wall in the process midsection (PCM) / clear nodular granules (SEM) (Figs. 4 A, C, E and 5 B-E). Reproduction: The new species is dioecious: both males with testes and females with ovaries were recorded within the neotype population. Other secondary sexual phenotypic characters, e. g. gibbosities on the hind legs in males, absent. DNA sequences: The DNA sequences of four molecular markers (18 S rRNA, 28 S rRNA, ITS- 2 and COI) associated with the neotype population have been previously published by Stec et al. (2020 c). All markers were represented by the same haplotype, hence only one sequence per marker was uploaded in GenBank. The respective GenBank accession numbers are given in Table 1. Locality: 63 ° 52 ′ 53 " N, 22 ° 27 ′ 21 " W; Grindavík, Iceland; moss on lava rock; coll. 27.07.2018 by Wojciech Witaliński. Type depositories: The neotype (slide IS. 042.07 with 4 neoparatypes), as well as 11 neoparatypes (slides: IS. 042. *, where the asterisk can be substituted by any of the following numbers, 04 – 06, 08) and 9 eggs (slides: IS. 042. * 01 – 03, 10 – 11) are deposited at the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 – 016, Kraków, Poland. A further 2 neoparatypes (slide: IS. 042. * 09) and 1 egg (slide: IS. 042. * 12) are deposited at the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61 – 614 Poznań, Poland.	en	Stec, Daniel (2023): Integrative taxonomy helps to revise systematics and questions the purported cosmopolitan nature of the type species within the genus Diaforobiotus (Eutardigrada: Richtersiusidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 23 (2): 309-328, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6
FE448785FF8F856EFCDFF934FDB9F92F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name “ svalbardicus ” refers to the Svalbard archipelago where the new species has been discovered.	en	Stec, Daniel (2023): Integrative taxonomy helps to revise systematics and questions the purported cosmopolitan nature of the type species within the genus Diaforobiotus (Eutardigrada: Richtersiusidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 23 (2): 309-328, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6
FE448785FF8F856EFCDFF934FDB9F92F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 19 animals and 51 eggs: specimens mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium (10 animals + 40 eggs), fixed on SEM stub (5 + 11), and used for DNA extraction and sequencing (4 + 0; in Stec et al. (2020 c )). Animals (measurements and statistics in Table 4) When alive, body pale yellow to light orange; after fixation in Hoyer’s medium body transparent (Fig. 6 A). Large, black granular eyes present, visible also in specimens mounted in Hoyer’s medium. Body cuticle smooth, without granulation but with circular or elliptical pores sometimes with uneven edges (0.8 – 2.5 µm in diameter) distributed randomly on the entire body cuticle with the largest pores present in the dorso-caudal cuticle (Fig. 6 B, C). Pores on the ventral side of the body more scattered than on the dorsal side (Fig. 6 B, C). Granulation on all legs absent. Pulvini present on each leg I – III on the internal leg surface. Claws slender, of the richtersiusid type, with common tract with a system of internal septa, and with an evident stalk connecting the claw to the lunula (Fig. 7 A-D) as described by Lisi et al. (2020). The common tract longer than the half of the entire claw height (Fig. 7 A, D). Primary and secondary branches form an acute angle at the µm] of selected morphological structures of the eggs from the t the neotype population of Diaforobiotus islandicus (Richters, 1904) mounted in Hoyer’s medium; N, number of eggs / structures measured, Range, refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD, bifurcation (Fig. 7 A-D). Primary branches with prominent accessory points clearly protruding from the branch (Fig. 7 A-D). Lunulae, oval or slightly trapezoidal in shape, present on all legs, with lunulae in hind leg being distinctly larger (Fig. 7 A-D). Teeth present only in lunulae on hind legs (Fig. 7 A-D). A single continuous cuticular bar and paired muscle attachments present proximally to claws on legs I – III (Figs. 6 A and 7 A). In PCM, in the leg midsection (lateral perspective on the leg) the cuticular bar is visible as strong and distinct thickening. Mouth antero-ventral. Relatively short bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (Fig. 8 A) with ten peribuccal lamellae, rigid buccal tube, bent anteriorly, with ventral lamina. Based on PCM observations, the oral cavity armature is well developed and composed of three bands of teeth (Fig. 8 B, C). The first band is composed of very small granular teeth positioned posteriorly to peri-buccal lamellae (Fig. 9 A, B) visible as faint granulation in PCM (Fig. 8 B, C). The second band of teeth is composed of several rows of granular teeth (larger than teeth of the first band), of which the most posterior row comprises the larger teeth (Figs. 8 B, C and 9 A, B). The teeth of the third band are located within the posterior portion of the oral cavity, anteriorly to the buccal tube opening (Figs. 8 B, C and 9 A, B). The third band of teeth is divided into the dorsal and the ventral portion (Figs. 8 B, C and 9 A, B). The dorsal portion is composed of three large teeth (Figs. 8 B and 9 A). The two lateral teeth are (visible as lateral circular granules in PCM) positioned just before buccal tube opening whereas the medial tooth (circular granule in PCM) is positioned further towards the pharynx in the buccal tube (Figs. 8 B and 9 A). The ventral portion of the third band of teeth is fainter compared to the dorsal portion (Figs. 8 C and 9 B). The ventral portion is composed of two small indistinct lateral teeth (in PCM faintly visible as granular) and a medial tooth (in PCM circular; Fig. 8 C). In SEM and all teeth in the ventral portion of the third band are clearly conical with the median tooth being distinctly larger than laterar teeth (Fig. 9 B). Pharynx spherical, with triangular apophyses, three anterior cuticular spikes (typically only two are visible in any given plane) and two rod-shaped macroplacoids (2 <1) (Fig. 9 A, D, E). The first macroplacoid is anteriorly narrowed and constricted in the middle, whereas the second has a subterminal constriction (Fig. 9 D, E). Microplacoid absent. Remarks: Residual of the additional thickening of ventral lamina reported for Diaforobiotus by Lisi et al. (2020) not visible in the examined specimens. Most probably the difference in visibility of this structure is caused by the usage of different mounting media (Hoyer’s medium in this study and polyvinyl-lacto-phenol in Lisi et al. (2020 )). Eggs (measurements and statistics in Table 5) Laid freely, strongly orange, spherical with stout conical processes (base diameter constitute more than half of the process height) and smooth egg surface without areolation or reticulation (Figs. 10 A-I and 11 A-F). In PCM only, the egg surface between processes has densely and evenly distributed, faintly visible, minute light refracting dots, resembling extremely delicate reticulation (Fig. 10 C, F, H, I). Dark thickenings / projections around egg processes bases absent. Ring of several small pores surrounding egg processes absent. Only sometimes in SEM singular, isolated micropores are present on the egg surface between process (Figs. 11 B, D, F). The process apices not projected at the top (Figs. 10 A-I and 11 A-F). Nearly entire process surface (excluding the most basal portion) is covered by granulation: dark dots of rough / jagged wall in the process midsection (PCM) / clear nodular granules (SEM) (Figs. 10 A-I and 11 A-F). Reproduction: The new species is dioecious: both males with testes and females with ovaries were recorded within the new species population. Other secondary sexual phenotypic characters, e. g. gibbosities on the hind legs in males, absent. DNA sequences: The DNA sequences of four molecular markers (18 S rRNA, 28 S rRNA, ITS- 2 and COI) associated with this population have been previously published by Stec et al. (2020 c). All markers were represented by the same haplotype, hence only one sequence per marker was uploaded in GenBank. The respective GenBank accession numbers are given in Table 1. Locality: 78 ° 44 ′ 02 ' ' N, 16 ° 36 ′ 12 " E; Norway, Svalbard, Ragnardalen; moss from tundra; coll. 11.07.2017 by Michala Tůmová. Type depositories: The holotype (slide NO. 386.01 with 2 paratypes), as well as 4 paratypes (slide: NO. 386.02) and 35 eggs (slides: NO. 386. * 04 – 07) are deposited at the at the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 – 016, Kraków, Poland. A further 3 paratypes (slide NO. 386.03) and 9 eggs (slide: NO. 386.08) are deposited at the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61 – 614 Poznań, Poland.	en	Stec, Daniel (2023): Integrative taxonomy helps to revise systematics and questions the purported cosmopolitan nature of the type species within the genus Diaforobiotus (Eutardigrada: Richtersiusidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 23 (2): 309-328, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00592-6
