taxonID	type	description	language	source
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	description	Figs 1 A – M, 4	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown, postpedicel brown, with rounded apex. Hind femur with proximal two thirds brown and distal third yellow, forming a brown ring medially. Tibiae yellow. Abdomen shiny brown, tergites 2 – 5 with a triangle-shaped dark brown pruinose spot at base and medially. Surstyli equal epandrium length, thickened, with inner margin straight and outer margins slightly rounded in dorsal view. Apex of phallic guide slightly thickened, with tip acute. Phallus bifid, with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated, truncated apex and entirely membranous, one ejaculatory duct thinner than the other, the thicker ejaculatory duct with tuft of projections that appear to be setae on third apical ventrally.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	description	Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 2.7 mm. Head (Figs 1 A, B). Eyes contiguous for 19 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.4, 0.5, 0.2. Frontal triangle brown pruinose, with conspicuous brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and ventrally, gray pruinose laterally. Antenna (Fig. 1 C) with scape and pedicel dark brown, scape with one seta dorsally; pedicel with four setae dorsally and two longer setae ventrally; postpedicel brown, with rounded apex. LPP / WPP = 2. Thorax (Figs 1 A – B, D). Postpronotal lobe brown. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum, gray-brown pruinose. Scutellum concolorous with scutum, with few tiny scattered setae. Mesopleuron and mediotergite brown, gray-brown pruinose. Wing (Fig. 1 E). Length 6.3 mm. LW / MWW = 3.4; LTC / LFC = 1.6. Membrane slightly brown infuscated; vein r-m located slightly after basal third of cell dm; anal lobe narrow. Halter stem light brown and knob brown. Legs (Figs 1 A). Coxae dark brown; trochanters light brown; fore and mid femora proximal half brown and distal half yellow, hind femur with proximal two thirds brown and distal third yellow, forming a brown ring medially; tibiae yellow, hind tibia with posterior erect setae medially; tarsomeres 1 – 3 yellow, 4 – 5 brown; pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Figs 1 A – B, F). Ground color dark brown, tergite 1 shiny, brown with proximal margin brown pruinose and six brown and long setae laterally; tergites 2 – 5 shiny with a triangle-shaped dark brown pruinose at base and medially; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 1 G. Syntergosternite 8 brown, brown pruinose, shorter than length of tergite 5, with membranous area apically (Figs 1 F, H). Terminalia (Figs 1 G – M). Epandrium brown, surstyli light brown (Fig. 1 H). Surstyli (Figs 1 H – J) subsymmetrical, equal epandrium length, completely setose, thickened, only slightly thinner at base, with inner margin straight and outer margins slightly rounded in dorsal view; both surstyli with apex slightly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 1 H); both surstyli slightly thickened at the apex and with tips slightly rounded and downward directed when seen in lateral view (Figs 1 I – J). Gonopods subsymmetrical, triangle-shaped, with tips acute, inner margins sinuous and outer margins curved (Fig. 1 K). Apex of phallic guide slightly thickened, with tip acute and without lobes (Fig. 1 L). Phallus bifid, with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated, truncated apex and entirely membranous, one ejaculatory duct thinner than the other, the thicker ejaculatory duct with tuft of projections that appear to be setae on third apical ventrally (Fig. 1 L). Ejaculatory apodeme narrow, with margins sinuous (Fig. 1 M). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Bello, Páramo Baldías, Jama, 6.3422222 ºN, 74,64777778 ºW, 2900 – 3000 m [eters], 10. jul [VII]. 2013, J. [A.] Rafael, J. T. Câmara & [F. F.] Xavier leg (1 ♂, CEUA- 101626) (photographed). Holotype with right wing mounted on microslide in Canada balsam, left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Páramo Baldías, Private Reserve Protection, Colombia.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia, Bello) (Fig. 4).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. The specimen was collected in the Pa ́ ramo Baldías, with areas of very humid premontane forest of the Central cordillera of the Northwest region of Colombia, where the vegetation is composed of Andean clouded forests (Andean Forests 2024).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3A5B79DEF4FF0AFC2A7A70.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic notes. Cephalops baldiensis sp. nov. runs to C. klinsmanni Ramos-Pastrana, Marques & Rafael, 2022 in the couplet 17 of the key presented by Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2022). It differs from C. klinsmanni by having postpedicel brown, with rounded apex (Fig. 1 C) [versus postpedicel dark brown, with acuminate apex, figure 51 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2022)]; legs mainly yellow (Fig. 1 C) [versus legs mainly brown to dark brown, figure 49, 50 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2022)]; abdomen shiny (Figs 1 A – B, F) [versus abdomen velvety, figures 49 – 50, 54 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2022)]; other differential characters of the male genitalia are well specified in the key below. Based on males and due to the shape bifid of phallus, C. baldiensis sp. nov. is also related to C. brasiliensis Hardy, 1950 [figure 11 in Rafael (1990)]; C. farallonensis sp. nov. (Fig. 2 K) and C. nitidus Hardy, 1950 a [figure 37 in Rafael (1990)]. It differs from C. brasiliensis by having postpedicel with rounded apex (Fig. 1 C) [versus postpedicel with acute apex in C. brasiliensis, figure 8 A in Hardy (1950)]; both surstyli only slightly thinning at base and apex (Fig. 1 H) [versus both surstyli thickened at base, only slightly thinning at apex, figure 9 in Rafael (1990)]; both surstyli with inner margin straight (Fig. 1 H) [versus right surstylus with inner margin sinuous, figure 9 in Rafael (1990)]; apex of phallic without lobes at apex (Fig. 1 L) [versus apex of phallic with three lobes thin and acute apex dorsally, figure 11 in Rafael (1990)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus with truncated apex (Fig. 1 L) [versus ejaculatory ducts of phallus with acute apex, figure 11 in Rafael (1990)]. It differs from C. farallonensis sp. nov. by having trochanters light brown; fore and mid femora proximal half brown and distal half yellow, fore femur with proximal two thirds brown and distal third yellow (Fig. 1 A) [versus trochanters and femora entirely yellow in C. farallonensis sp. nov. (Fig. 2 A)]; left surstylus with rounded apex (Fig. 1 A) [versus left surstylus with acute apex (Fig. 2 A)]; gonopods with acute apex (Fig. 1 K) [versus gonopods with rounded apex (Fig. 2 J)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus with truncated and membranous apex (Fig. 1 L) [versus ejaculatory ducts of phallus with rounded and sclerosed apex (Fig. 2 K)]. It differs from C. nitidus by having both surstyli only slightly thinning at base and apex (Fig. 1 H) [versus both surstyli thickened at base, only slightly thinning at apex in C. nitidus, figure 36 in Rafael (1990)]; apex of phallic guide without lateral setae on apex (Fig. 1 L); [versus apex of phallic guide with lateral setae and two lobes laterally on apex, figure 37 in Rafael (1990)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus with truncated apex (Fig. 1 L); [versus ejaculatory ducts of phallus with acute apex, figure 37 in Rafael (1990)].	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 4	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male. Trochanters, femora and tibiae yellow, femora with a row of long and fine yellow setae posteroventrally and short and strong setae ventrally, scarcer on the hind leg. Abdomen with tergite 1 gray-brown pruinose, tergites 2 – 5 shiny. Surstyli slightly shorter than length of epandrium. Both surstyli thickened medially, slightly thinner at base and apex, inner margins slightly straight and outer margins slightly rounded in dorsal view; right surstylus truncate apically, left surstylus slightly acute apically. Apex of phallic guide thin, with tip rounded. Phallus bifid, with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated, rounded and sclerosed apex, one ejaculatory duct thinner than the other.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	description	Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 3.5 mm. Head (Figs 2 A, B). Eyes contiguous for 24 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.4, 0.4, 0.2. Frontal triangle dark brown pruinose, with inconspicuous brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and ventrally, gray pruinose laterally. Antennae scape and pedicel brown, scape with two setae dorsally; pedicel with three setae dorsally and three setae ventrally, one shorter than the others; postpedicel lost. Thorax (Figs 2 A – C). Postpronotal lobe dark brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Scutellum concolorous with scutum, with few tiny setae scattered and 17 inconspicuous setae along posterior margin. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray-brown pruinose. Wing (Fig. 2 D). Length 7.5 mm. LW / MWW = 3.5; LTC / LFC = 1.9. Membrane slightly brown infuscated, anal lobe narrow; vein r-m located slightly before basal third of upper section of cell dm. Halter stem white, except light brown base, knob dark brown dorsally. Legs (Fig. 2 A). Fore and mid coxae dark brown, hind coxa light brown; trochanters yellow; femora yellow, with a row of long and fine yellow setae posteroventrally and short and strong setae ventrally, scarcer on hind leg; tibiae yellow, fore tibia with conspicuous apical setae, hind tibia with posterior erect setae medially; tarsomeres 1 – 3 yellow, 4 – 5 brown; pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Figs 2 A – B, E). dark brown in ground color with inconspicuous setae, tergite 1 gray-brown pruinose, with six brown and long setae laterally; tergite 2 shiny with a triangle-shaped brown pruinose at base and medially; tergites 3 – 5 shiny, with proximal margin brown pruinose, tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 2 F. Syntergosternite 8 brown, brown pruinose, shorter than tergite 5, with a membranous area apically (Figs. 2 E, G). Terminalia (Figs 2 F – L). Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 2 G). Surstyli (Figs 2 G – I) subsymmetrical, slightly shorter than length of epandrium, and with a few scattered setae. Both surstyli thickened medially, slightly thinner at base and apex, inner margins slightly straight and outer margins slightly rounded in dorsal view; right surstylus truncate apically, left surstylus slightly acute apically (Fig. 2 G), left surtylus with tip slightly acute in lateral view (Fig. 2 H), right surstylus with tip slightly rounded in lateral view (Fig. 2 I), both surstyli thickened basally and medially, thinner apically and with tips downward directed when seen in lateral view (Figs 2 H, I). Gonopods subsymmetrical, triangle-shaped and tips slightly rounded (Fig. 2 J). Apex of phallic guide thin, with tip rounded and without lobes (Fig. 2 K). Ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped, with margins sinuous (Fig. 2 L). Phallus bifid, with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated, rounded and sclerosed apex, one ejaculatory duct thinner than the other (Fig. 2 K). FEMALE (Figs 3 A – C). As in male, differing only in the following aspects: Body length 3.2 mm, with more abundant grey pruinosity (Fig. 3 A). Eyes dichoptic. Frontal ommatidia larger than adjacent ones. Wing length 4 mm. LW / MWW = 3.3. LTC / LFC = 1.5. Ovipositor OL: 0.44 mm, PL: 0.30 mm, B: 0.22 mm; base of ovipositor brown, gray-brown pruinose, with a slight protuberance on distal part ventrally, piercer yellow, except light brown base and ventrally, apex shiny, straight (Figs 3 B, C).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca, PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Los Farallones de Cali, Malaise, 9. dic [XII]. 1998. (1 ♂ CEUA- 101581) (photographed). PARATYPES. idem Bolivar, PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, El Ramo, 10 º 48 ’ N / 73 º 39 ’ W, 2500 m [eters], 25. nov [XI] – 15. dic [XII]. 2000, J. Cantillo leg “ M 1047 ” (1 ♀, IAvH) (photographed). Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide in Canada balsam and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Farallones de Cali, National Natural Park, Colombia.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Colombia (Bolivar, Valle del Cauca) (Fig. 4).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. The specimens were collected at the reserves Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali and Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The former has four ecosystems (Tropical Rainforest between 200 and 1.200 meters above sea level, Sub-Andean Rainforest between 1.200 and 2.000 meters above sea level, High Andean Rainforest between 2.000 and 3.500 meters above sea level and Paramo with altitudes above 3.500 meters above sea level) (Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia 2005), whereas the latter is mainly characterized by thorny bushes and dry tropical forests typical of the Caribbean region of Colombia (Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia 2020).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
FF043401BC3C5B7BDEF4FC7BFBAD7FCC.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic notes. Cephalops farallonensis sp. nov. greatly resembles C. lobatus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques & Rafael, 2022. The main morphological characters that differentiate the two species are found in the male genitalia and are well differentiated in the key below. Based on males and due to the shape bifid of phallus, C. farallonensis sp. nov. is also related to C. baldiensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1 L), C. brasiliensis [figure 11 in Rafael (1990)] and and C. nitidus [figure 37 in Rafael (1990)]. It differs from C. baldiensis sp. nov. by having trochanters and femora entirely yellow (Fig. 2 A) [versus trochanters light brown; fore and mid femora proximal half brown and distal half yellow, fore femur with proximal two thirds brown and distal third yellow in C. baldiensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A)]; left surstylus with acute apex (Fig. 2 A) [versus left surstylus with rounded apex (Fig. 1 A)]; gonopods with rounded apex (Fig. 2 J) [versus gonopods with acute apex (Fig. 1 K)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus with rounded and sclerosed apex (Fig. 2 K) [versus ejaculatory ducts of phallus with truncated and membranous apex (Fig. 1 L)]. It differs from C. brasiliensis by having both surstyli slightly thinning at base (Fig. 2 G) [versus both surstyli clearly thickened at base in C. brasiliensis, figure 9 in Rafael (1990)]; apex of phallic without lobes (Fig. 2 K) [versus apex of phallic with three lobes thin and acute apex, figure 11 in Rafael (1990)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus with sclerosed and rounded apex (Fig. 2 K) [versus ejaculatory ducts of phallus with membranous and acute apex, figure 11 in Rafael (1990)]; both surstyli slightly thinning at base (Fig. 2 G) [versus both surstyli clearly thickened at base in C. nitidus, figure 36 in Rafael (1990)]; apex of phallic without lateral setae and lobes laterally on apex (Fig. 2 K) [versus apex of phallic guide with lateral setae and two lobes laterally on apex, figure 37 in Rafael (1990)].	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2025): Two new species of Cephalops Fallén (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 383-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.6
