identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F90EED709B357C4F2BE8964FFA6CF8C7.text	F90EED709B357C4F2BE8964FFA6CF8C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otiocerina Muir 1917	<div><p>Key to genera of American Otiocerina (updated from Bartlett &amp; Hoch 2023)</p><p>1. Antennae bearing elongated appendage(s)........................................................ ( Otiocerina) 2</p><p>- First antennal segment devoid of appendages........................................................ (Anotiina)</p><p>2. Costal margin of forewing scalloped, bearing 2 or more lobes (Fennah 1945, fig. 41 as lquitosa Fennah); mesonotum usually bearing two large tubercles; South America, Trinidad ..................................... Kubilaya Koçak &amp; Kemal</p><p>- Costal margin of forewing not lobed; mesonotal tubercles absent................................................ 3</p><p>3. Head in lateral view rounded and weakly projected, length in front of eye less than widest length of eye; forewing white with dark spots; Guyana ..................................................................... Labicerus Erichson</p><p>- Head in lateral view strongly projected in front of eyes, 2x or more at widest length of eye........................... 4</p><p>4. General color rose or reddish; in lateral view, dorsum of head sinuate; dorsal margin of wings in repose sharply angled dorsally in apical third; forewings with dusky spots in most cells; USA ...................................... Apache Kirkaldy</p><p>- General color white or yellow; in lateral view, dorsum of head flat or rounded, dorsal margin of wings nearly straight; forewings usually without dusky spots in most cells (although some dark spots may be present); USA, Mesoamerica............... 5</p><p>5. Demarcation between vertex and frons in lateral view obtusely angular; vertex in lateral view more or less flattened............................................................................................... Otiocerus Kirby</p><p>- Demarcation between vertex and frons in lateral view smoothly rounded; vertex in lateral view convex................. 6</p><p>6. Head elongate, length about 1.4x greatest width; vertex in lateral view sinuate.......................... Shellenius Ball</p><p>- Head shorter and broader, length 0.5–0.8x greatest width; vertex in lateral view convex................ Litophallus gen. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F90EED709B357C4F2BE8964FFA6CF8C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bahder, Brian W.;Myrie, Wayne;Helmick, Ericka E.;Bartlett, Charles R.	Bahder, Brian W., Myrie, Wayne, Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2025): A new genus and species of otiocerine planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in Jamaica, revised status of Shellenius schellenbergii and an updated molecular phylogeny of New World Otiocerinae. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 209-226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3
F90EED709B3A7C402BE893E3FEF4F9A9.text	F90EED709B3A7C402BE893E3FEF4F9A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litophallus Bahder & Myrie & Helmick & Bartlett 2025	<div><p>Litophallus Bahder &amp; Bartlett gen. n.</p><p>Type species: Litophallus inornatus Bahder &amp; Bartlett gen. et sp. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized. Head in lateral view broad, lachrymiform or broadly rounded and projected for distance greater than maximum width of eye; head broader than long (length 0.5–0.8x greatest width); vertex convex, apex rounded. Vertex narrowly triangular, lateral margins in contact at head apex, disc deeply concave (median carina obsolete). Frons strongly narrowed with lateral margins in close contact for entire length. Pits on lateral margins of vertex and frons. Lateral ocelli obscure or absent. Antennae with scape bearing elongated curved projection (projection shorter than antennal length), pedicel elongated and curved, about 3x longer than scape. Apex of rostrum reaching hind coxae, apical segment short (about as wide as long). Composite vein reaching CuP before wing margin (i.e., clavus open), C5 cell (i.e., procubital cell) closed. Stridulatory plate on trailing margin of hindwing small, with concave external margin. Hind tibia lacking lateral spines, second tarsal segment bearing two apical spines. Hind tibial spinulation 4–(4–5)–2. Aedeagal shaft straight, lacking processes, endosoma simple (lacking processes in type species).</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Greek word ‘ litos ’ (plain, simple), combined with phallus (with the terminal s in litos dropped for euphony), a reference to the simple aedeagus in the type species. The name is intended as masculine.</p><p>Remarks. The new species forms a monophyletic group with S. schellenbergii in all analyses, with 100% support in the combined analysis. Litophallus gen. n. is similar to Shellenius in general habitus and the rounded apex of the head. Litophallus gen. n. differs in that the head is shorter than the greatest width.</p><p>The terminalia of the new species differ from Shellenius balli in having a much smaller medioventral process of the pygofer, the gonostyli (ventral view) bear a strong, sclerotized, median hook in S. balli (as opposed to a rounded lobe, Bahder et al. 2023d, fig. 8E), and the aedeagus of S. balli has endosomal processes (none in the new species). Collectively, we believe these support a new genus for the new species and S. schellenbergii . Unfortunately, the male terminalia of S. schellenbergii have not been described and are not available to examine for this species.</p><p>Two factors make us cautious about defining a new genus composed of these two species. First, the distribution of S. schellenbergii (United States) and that of the new species (Jamaica) is not an expected biogeographic pattern (although we note similar appearing species on iNaturalist in Central, e.g., observation 177454242 from El Salvador, and northern South America, e.g., observation 204624316 from Colombia). Second, the high level of genetic variance between the two may indicate that both taxa represent distinct genera. They are 1.7% and 10.7% different for 18S and the D9–D10 expansion region of 28S, respectively, levels which appear to be genus level differences, albeit for closely related taxa (see Otiocerus and Apache, Figs. 7 &amp; 8 and Tables 3 &amp; 4). Furthermore, the novel taxon differs from S. shellenbergii by a level similar to that which it differs to S. ballii and S. serratus, whereas the two Shellenius species ( S. ballii and S. serratus) differ from each other by 0.6% percent (for 18S). So while morphological, biogeographical and genetic patterns may suggest that the novel taxon and S. shellenbergii merit distinct genera, it is evident that S. shellenbergii is closer to the novel taxon than Shellenius s.s. and without additional taxa to analyze, elect to transfer S. shellenbergii to Litophallus gen. n. until additional taxon sampling is available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F90EED709B3A7C402BE893E3FEF4F9A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bahder, Brian W.;Myrie, Wayne;Helmick, Ericka E.;Bartlett, Charles R.	Bahder, Brian W., Myrie, Wayne, Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2025): A new genus and species of otiocerine planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in Jamaica, revised status of Shellenius schellenbergii and an updated molecular phylogeny of New World Otiocerinae. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 209-226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3
F90EED709B3A7C402BE89469FC42F810.text	F90EED709B3A7C402BE89469FC42F810.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litophallus schellenbergii (Kirby 1821) Bahder & Myrie & Helmick & Bartlett 2025	<div><p>Litophallus schellenbergii (Kirby, 1821), comb. n. — Georgia, USA</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>= Otiocerus schellenbergii Kirby, 1821: 18 (original combination)</p><p>= Shellenius schellenbergii (Kirby, 1821), combination by Osborn (1938: 329)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F90EED709B3A7C402BE89469FC42F810	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bahder, Brian W.;Myrie, Wayne;Helmick, Ericka E.;Bartlett, Charles R.	Bahder, Brian W., Myrie, Wayne, Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2025): A new genus and species of otiocerine planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in Jamaica, revised status of Shellenius schellenbergii and an updated molecular phylogeny of New World Otiocerinae. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 209-226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3
F90EED709B3B7C452BE890E4FC81FE7C.text	F90EED709B3B7C452BE890E4FC81FE7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litophallus inornatus Bahder & Myrie & Helmick & Bartlett 2025	<div><p>Litophallus inornatus Bahder &amp; Bartlett gen. et sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 5–9)</p><p>Type Locality. Spring Garden, Portland Parish, Jamaica .</p><p>Diagnosis. Pale species, uniformly white with slight yellow mark on genae. Head tear drop shaped in lateral view (subelliptical). Sinuate process arising from first antennal segment. Aedeagus and endosoma simple, lacking armature, recurved directly cephalad at base of endosoma.</p><p>Description. Color. Ground color (Fig. 5) white in males, light yellow in females. Head with faint orange-red band from eye to front of head (weaker in males), females also with brown-orange marking along ventral margin of head extending from band to clypeus. Body otherwise pale. Wings clear, without distinct markings.</p><p>Structure. Body length male (n = 1): 4.0 mm with wings; 2.1 mm without wings (Table 5), female (n =1) 5.3 mm with wings, 2.5 mm without (Table 5).</p>TABLE 5. Biometric data for Litophallus inornatus gen. et sp. n. (in mm). Female (n =1)Body length, with wings4.005.30Body length, no wings2.102.50Forewing length3.404.60Vertex length0.400.50Vertex width, basal margin0.400.40Vertex width, distal margin0.040.04Pronotum length, midline0.100.10Mesonotum length, midline0.600.60Mesonotum width0.500.50Frons width, dorsal margin0.020.02Frons width, clypeal suture0.020.02Frons width, widest0.020.02Frons width, narrowest0.020.02Frons length, midline0.500.50Clypeus length0.300.30<p>Head. In dorsal view (Fig. 6A), vertex narrowly triangular, disc deeply concave, lateral margins in contact at head apex, anterior margin medially emarginate, posterior margin concave, rounded; lateral margins thickened and foliate, bearing small sensory pits. In lateral view (Fig. 3B), head profile subelliptical, vertex concave, apex rounded. In frontal view (Fig. 6C), lateral margins of frons touching for entire length, bearing row of sensory pits. Antennal scape bearing elongate projection, curved laterad; pedicel elongated, sinuate, apexally expanded, angled cephalad and slightly laterad. Eyes oval with emargination on posterior margin.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum, in dorsal view (Fig. 6A), narrow (about 0.5x vertex at midline) with anterior margin rounded; posterior margin deeply concave; median carina obsolete, lateral carinae extending to lateral margins; in lateral view (Fig. 6B), dorsal margin anteriorly declinate, gently curved. Mesonotum in dorsal view, elongated (about equal in length to vertex+pronotum collectively), longer at midlength than greatest width, tricarinate, median carina complete to posterior margin, lateral carinae sinuate, faint. Forewings (Fig. 7) spatulate, apex of clavus in proximal third, C5 cell closed, branching pattern RA 3-branched, RP 2-branched, MP 8-branched, CuA 2-branched, anastomosed to fuse with composite vein CuP+Pcu+A1.</p><p>Male Terminalia. Pygofer, in lateral view (Fig. 5A), narrow and irregular on anterior and posterior margin, lateral margin of pygofer opening projected into short beak-like projection, hooked ventrad; in ventral view (Fig. 8B), medioventral process present as low, rounded lobe. Gonostyli, in lateral view (Fig. 8A), slender and elongated, scoop-like, curved on dorsal (concave) and ventral (convex) margins, apex acute; in ventral view (Fig. 8B), medial margins strongly sinuate, forming two lobes (and median concavity), proximal smaller than distal lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 9) simple, shaft straight (lacking projections); endosoma a simple, membranous, translucent, retrorse lobe, lacking processes, reaching midpoint of aedeagal shaft. Anal tube, in lateral view (Fig. 8A), subrectangular and simple, dorsal and ventral margins irregularly sinuate, reaching gonostylus apex, quadrate in dorsal view (Fig. 8C); paraproct small and subapical.</p><p>Plant associations. Coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera L.).</p><p>Distribution. Jamaica.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ‘ inornatus ’ (unadorned), a reference to the absence of processes on the aedeagus. The name is intended as masculine to agree with the genus.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male “ ♂ ” (FLREC) “ Jamaica, Portland Parish / Spring Garden / 15. II.2022 / sweeping coconut palms / Coll.: B.W.Bahder // Holotype / Litophallus inornatus ♂ ”; paratype 1 female, same data as holotype (FLREC).</p><p>Remarks. Aside from geography, P. inornatus sp. n. differs from P. schellenbergii in color (white or yellowish in the former, Fig. 2, vs yellowish with red markings in the latter, Figs. 9A, B). P. inornatus sp. n. also has a shorter head (length ~0.5x greatest width, vs. ~0.8x in P. schellenbergii).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F90EED709B3B7C452BE890E4FC81FE7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bahder, Brian W.;Myrie, Wayne;Helmick, Ericka E.;Bartlett, Charles R.	Bahder, Brian W., Myrie, Wayne, Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. (2025): A new genus and species of otiocerine planthopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in Jamaica, revised status of Shellenius schellenbergii and an updated molecular phylogeny of New World Otiocerinae. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 209-226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.3
