taxonID	type	description	language	source
47A66C3DF1B255FEA8E4A34D01E838A4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name refers to Hot Wheels, a collectible die-cast toy car made by Mattel, as the long, coiled embolus of this new genus resembles a Hot Wheels track; neuter in gender.	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
47A66C3DF1B255FEA8E4A34D01E838A4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new genus resembles Synaphosus Platnick & Shadab, 1980 by metatarsi III and IV having a preening brush, the male palp has a long embolus and large conductor, and the epigyne has a hood and long copulatory ducts (Figs 2 - 4 C, D, 5). It can be distinguished from Synaphosus by: 1) the presence of a median apophysis (Figs 2, 3 A-D) vs. median apophysis absent (Fig. 3 F, G; Ovtsharenko et al. 1994: figs 12 - 14); 2) the basal half of the embolus which rotates counterclockwise (Fig. 2 A) vs. basal half of the embolus rotates clockwise (Ovtsharenko et al. 1994: figs 12 - 14; Marusik and Omelko 2018: figs 8 - 11, 20 - 24, 26 - 36); 3) a weakly sclerotized conductor without an apophysis or outgrowth (Figs 2 A, 3 A-D) vs. a partially sclerotized conductor with an apophysis or outgrowth (Fig. 3 F, G; Marusik and Omelko 2018: figs 8 - 11, 20 - 24, 26 - 36); and 4) the copulatory duct is circular, wide anteriorly, and almost twice the width of the primary spermathecae (Fig. 5) vs. copulatory duct twisted, narrow anteriorly, and narrower than the primary spermathecae (Ovtsharenko et al. 1994: figs 15, 16; Marusik and Omelko 2018: figs 5 - 7, 12, 13, 17 - 19, 39 - 41).	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
47A66C3DF1B255FEA8E4A34D01E838A4.taxon	description	Description. Small-sized (total length: males = 4.86 - 5.44; females = 5.45 - 5.98). In dorsal view, carapace elongate-ovoid, anterior eye row slightly recurved, posterior eye row straight; PME oblique, flat (Figs 1 A, 4 A). Cheliceral promargin with 4 or 5 teeth, retromargin with 3 or 4 teeth (Fig. 1 C, D). Leg formula: 4123. Trochanters not notched. Metatarsi III and IV with preening brushes. Sternum elongate oval, with straight anterior edge, pointed posteriorly (Figs 1 B, 4 B). Anterior lateral spinnerets with 6 enlarged piriform gland spigots, separated by almost 1.2 times their diameter (Fig. 1 E, F). Color in alcohol (Figs 1 A, B, 4 A, B): carapace yellow-brown; cephalic groove and radial furrow black; fovea distinct, longitudinal. Legs yellow-brown. Abdomen grey, males with anterior dorsal scutum, almost half of abdominal length and more than half of width.	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
5FF7B714F4975E4DBE1257E8423F7BA5.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 西西弗斯火轮蛛	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
5FF7B714F4975E4DBE1257E8423F7BA5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from Sisyphus, a king in Greek mythology who offended Zeus and whose punishment was to repeatedly roll a huge stone up a hill only to have it roll back down, because the circular copulatory ducts are like Sisyphus's cyclic mission; noun in apposition.	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
5FF7B714F4975E4DBE1257E8423F7BA5.taxon	description	Description. Male. Holotype (Fig. 1 A, B): total length 5.08; carapace 2.56 long, 1.95 wide; abdomen 2.52 long, 1.70 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.16, PME 0.10, PLE 0.13; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.08, PME-PLE 0.02, ALE-PLE 0.03. Leg measurements: I 7.28 (2.11, 0.92, 1.76, 1.39, 1.10), II 6.18 (1.83, 0.80, 1.48, 1.13, 0.94), III 5.62 (1.62, 0.65, 1.18, 1.26, 0.91), IV 7.89 (1.97, 0.81, 1.91, 2.06, 1.14). Cheliceral promargin and retromargin with 4 teeth (Fig. 1 C). Palp in regular state (Fig. 2). Femur and patella unmodified. Tibia with long retrolateral apophysis, nearly 2 x longer than tibia, with prolateral curved tip. Cymbium pear shaped, without apical spines. Median apophysis on retrolateral apex of tegulum, nearly 2 x wider than tegulum, pointed, curved. Conductor weakly sclerotized, folded and covered on tegulum and subtegulum, posterior part hidden behind median apophysis. Distal tubular membrane connects radix to tegulum. Embolus long, originates at about 7 - 8 o'clock, basal half rotated anticlockwise, with terminal membrane and two embolar processes (EP 1, EP 2), posterior half usually hidden behind conductor. Ejaculatory duct distinct. Expanded palp (Fig. 3 A-E). Basal haematodocha large, well developed. Subtegulum smaller than tegulum. Median haematodocha small. Conductor originates at tegulum prolaterally, expanded, crescent shaped with thickened border. Distal tubular membrane expanded, spherical. Terminal membrane inflated. Female. Paratype (Fig. 4): total length 5.77; carapace 2.83 long, 2.02 wide; abdomen 2.94 long, 2.05 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.15, PME 0.11, PLE 0.13; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.04. Leg measurements: I 7.15 (2.16, 0.98, 1.68, 1.22, 1.11), II 6.17 (1.84, 0.90, 1.39, 1.12, 0.92), III 5.98 (1.62, 0.67, 1.24, 1.38, 1.07), IV 8.34 (2.37, 0.80, 1.80, 2.25, 1.12). Cheliceral promargin with 5 teeth, retromargin with 3 teeth (Fig. 1 D). Epigyne (Fig. 5). Epigynal plate elongated oval. Anterior folds form hood. Copulatory openings large, distinct, located mediolaterally. Copulatory ducts long, wide anteriorly, almost twice as wide as primary spermathecae, circular anteriorly and medially, membranous medially. Primary spermathecae small and globular. Secondary spermathecae small, with long ducts. Fertilization ducts extend laterally.	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
5FF7B714F4975E4DBE1257E8423F7BA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan) (Fig. 6).	en	Liu, Bo, Zhang, Feng (2024): Hotwheels gen. nov., a new ground spider genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from southwest China. ZooKeys 1189: 337-347, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.115996
