taxonID	type	description	language	source
F116527BFFA47D2F81C2AD3FFDCD92D2.taxon	etymology	Etymology — The specific epithet “ yunnanensis ” refers to Yunnan Province (China), where the species was collected. Holotype — HKAS 107656 Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA reach to 4 – 6 cm diam. after 21 days at 25 ° C, becoming flattened with irregular to lobate margins. Mycelium have a cottony to wooly surface, center is smoke grey to olivaceous grey becoming pale brown to brownish yellow at margin; reverse dark grey to black at the centre, with pale brown to brownish yellow at the edge. Hyphae 2 – 5 μm wide, aerial to semi-immersed and branched, hyaline aseptate, immature hyphae become pale brown septate when mature. Chlamydospores produced from mature hyphae, terminal or intercalary, solitary, or in simple or branched chains, barrel-shaped, globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal to elongated, pale brown to brown, becoming 2 – 8 guttulate when mature, 4 – 11 × 3 – 7 µm (x ̄ = 7 × 5 μm, n = 20).	en	Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D. (2021): Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 513 (3): 203-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2
F116527BFFA47D2F81C2AD3FFDCD92D2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, 25.047865 N 102.721724 E, industrial wastecontaminated soil, 16 December 2019, G. C. Ren (HKAS 107656, holotype); ex-type living culture, KUMCC 20 - 0227. Known hosts and substrates: — Soil Known distribution: — China GenBank Accession No: — ITS: MW 600334, LSU: MW 587029, btub: MW 602383, rpb 2: MW 603001. Notes: — Juxtiphoma is a poorly studied genus with only two species viz. J. eupyrena and J. kolkmaniorum (Species Fungorum 2021). Juxtiphoma eupyrena has dark green colonies becoming black due to chlamydospore formation on Oatmeal Agar (OA), while J. kolkmaniorum has an isabelline to olivaceous colony. Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (KUMCC 20 - 0227) has smoke grey to olivaceous grey colonies becoming pale brown to brownish yellow at the margin on PDA. Both J. kolkmaniorum and J. eupyrena have conidia-bearing pycnidia on cultures in OA (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018, Hou et al. 2020). However, we did not see any pycnidial formation of Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (KUMCC 20 - 0227) colonies in PDA. Nevertheless, Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (KUMCC 20 - 0227) has abundant chlamydospores formation on PDA culture, which is a common character to Juxtiphoma (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018, Hou et al. 2020). The combined phylogenetic analysis (ITS-LSU- btub - rpb 2) indicates that our new strain constitutes a distant lineage from Juxtiphoma eupyrena and J. kolkmaniorum with 99 % ML, 1.00 BYPP statistical support (FIGURE 1). We introduce this novel lineage as Juxtiphoma yunnanensis sp. nov., which was isolated from industrial waste-contaminated soil in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D. (2021): Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 513 (3): 203-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2
F116527BFFA67D2F81C2A895FA1B9786.taxon	description	Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA reaching 24 – 42 mm diam. in 10 days at 24 ° C, raised, filamentous, margin entire, surface white, reverse cream to brownish cream or red in PDA. Mycelium hyaline, immature aseptate and hyphae becoming septate and 1.3 – 3.9 µm wide when mature. Conidiogenous cells present in two types, phialides and aphanophialides. Phialides are aculeate, persistent forming from prostrate hyphae, solitary or 2 – 5 in terminal whorls, 12 µm long, 5.5 – 4.5 µm wide at the base, gradually tapering towards apex, often branching into short secondary phialides. Aphanophialides are short, inflated, caducous 7.5 × 2.5 µm, producing solitary conidia, forming small and hardly visible denticles. Conidia have two types, microconidia and macroconidia forming from phialides. macroconidia falcate, 9.7 × 2.9 µm, with sharply pointed ends microconidia oval to ellipsoidal, 3 × 1.9 µm, only produced from aphanophialides, Known hosts and substrates: — Agaricus bisporus and Puccinia coronata, leaf litter of Acer saccharum and soil (Chen et al. 1985, Zare & Gams 2001, Gams & Zare 2003) Known distribution: — China, Germany, Great Britain, Iran, Israel, Netherlands, USA (Chen et al. 1985, Zare & Gams 2001, Gams & Zare 2003).	en	Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D. (2021): Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 513 (3): 203-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2
F116527BFFA67D2F81C2A895FA1B9786.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, 25.047865 N, 102.721724 E, industrial wastecontaminated soil, 16 December 2019, G. C. Ren (HKAS 107657); living culture, KUMCC 20 - 0228. GenBank Accession No: — ITS: MW 575642, LSU: MW 567460, tef 1 - α: MW 590261, SSU: MW 575641 rpb 2: MW 590263 Notes: — Lecanicillium dimorphum was previously known as Aphanocladium dimorphum (CBS 363.86), which was introduced by Chen et al. (1985) from Agaricus bisporus in Yunnan Province, China. This species was synonymized by Zare & Gams (2001) based on the CBS 573.77 strain; isolated from leaf litter (Acer saccharum) in the USA. The first record of L. dimorphum (CBS 154.82) in soil was reported in the Netherlands (Zare & Gams 2001). Optimum growth temperatures for Lecanicillium dimorphum range from 24 – 27 ° C and crystal production can be seen on the culture (Zare & Gams 2001). However, we did not observe crystal production in our isolate (KUMCC 20 - 0228). Lecanicillium dimorphum shows intermediate morphological characteristics between L. psalliotae and L. aphanocladii (Zare et al. 2000, Zare & Gams 2001, Su et al. 2019). Lecanicillium dimorphum differs from L. psalliotae in having aphanophialides and is morphologically distinct from L. aphanocladii by its macroconidia (Zare & Gams 2001). Our isolate of L. dimorphum (KUMCC 20 - 0228) shows similar morphological characteristics to other L. dimorphum collections (CBS 154.82, CBS 573.77) in having two types of conidia; falcate macro conidia with sharply pointed ends and oval to ellipsoidal microconidia forming from aphanophialides (Zare & Gams 2001). The multi-gene phylogeny also indicates that our collection groups with other L. dimorphum strains in a well-supported clade (97 % ML, 0.99 BYPP). Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, we account our collection as a new record of L. dimorphum (KUMCC 20 - 0228) from industrial waste-contaminated soil in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D. (2021): Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 513 (3): 203-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2
F116527BFFA17D2A81C2AD2EFE2293CE.taxon	description	Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA at 25 ° C, reaching 45 – 55 mm in 7 days. Colonies raised, with entire margin, initially white, becoming buff and powdery to granular at maturity. Reverse is honey-colored to brownish. Hyphae are septate and hyaline 1 – 3.8 µm wide. Conidiophores have 1 – 2 vertical branches bearing groups of 2 to 4 annellophores at the apex. Conidiogenous cells 17.2 × 5.5 µm and have 4.2 µm wide annellate. Conidia globose to ovoid, 7 × 6.2 µm, apex sometimes slightly pointed and finely to coarsely roughened at maturity. Known hosts and substrates: — Saline soil, arable soil, plantation soils, compost, river sediments, polluted running water, cotton textile paper products, slime of paper mills, uranium mine, granite outcrop, seeds of barely, wheat, soya bean, ground nut, feathers, nests, dung and dead insects (Bainier 1907, Saccardo 1881, Domsch et al. 1993, Sandoval-Denis et al. 2013). Known distribution: — Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, India, Israel, New Zealand, South Africa, USA (Domsch et al. 1993, Mao & Guan 2016).	en	Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D. (2021): Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 513 (3): 203-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2
F116527BFFA17D2A81C2AD2EFE2293CE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, 25.047865 N, 102.721724 E, industrial wastecontaminated soil, 16 December 2019, G. C. Ren (HKAS 107658); living culture, KUMCC 20 - 0229. GenBank Accession No: — ITS: MW 577169, btub: MW 602384, tef 1 - α: MW 590262 Notes: — Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was introduced by Bainier (1907), which was previously known as Penicillium brevicaule (Saccardo 1881). Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a common soil fungus with a wide distribution in both acidic and alkaline soils. It can survive in substrates with high concentrations of chitin, tannic and cyanamide (Domsch et al. 1993). Mao & Guan (2016) isolated S. brevicaulis from contaminated soil in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. In our study, we report S. brevicaulis (KUMCC 20 - 0229) from soil contaminated by industrial waste in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. In the multi-gene phylogeny, our collection (KUMCC 20 - 0229), forms a well-supported clade with other S. brevicaulis (100 % ML, 1.00 BYPP). Our new collection (KUMCC 20 - 0229) also shows similar morphological features to S. brevicaulis (CBS 273.30) in having vertically branched conidiophores with 2 – 4 annellophores present at the terminal and conidiogenous cells with annellated zones that bear globose to ovoid conidia with finely to coarsely roughened surfaces. Domsch et al. (1993) mentioned that annellations were produced during conidiogenesis and these remained on the conidiogenous cells after detachment of conidia. Optimal growth and sporulation of S. brevicaulis ranged from 24 – 30 ° C (Domsch et al. 1993).	en	Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D. (2021): Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 513 (3): 203-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.2
