identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F10187B5F1473270C5BCC88C9CFE1E86.text	F10187B5F1473270C5BCC88C9CFE1E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia Lindley	<div><p>The Aganisia Complex:</p><p>— The group can be recognized by the following characteristics: epiphytic, hemiepiphytic or terrestrial, rarely rupiculous herbs, with inconspicuous, homoblastic, ovoid or fusiform pseudobulbs, with cataphylls at their base, leafy or not, scarious or not. There are one to four leaves in the distal portion of the pseudobulb. The petiole is articulate, conduplicate, distinct from the blade, margin hyaline or not, which usually is plicate and provided with more prominent nerves in the abaxial surface. The inflorescence usually is taller than the plant and erect, rarely shorter and arching.</p><p>Flowering is acropetal, and each flower has a single bract that always is shorter than the ovary. The dorsal sepal and petals are always free, and lateral sepals are adnate to a column foot. The lip is free, not firmly attached, trilobed, unguiculate, entire, always with a basal central callus. The foot usually is shorter than the column, the latter with a pair of stigmatic wings. The anther is incumbent, and the margin of the clinandrium is entire, rarely projecting over the anther. The external face of the anther cap is usually bilobed but can also be entire, the apex obtuse, denticulate or digitiform. The pollinarium has four juxtaposed pollinia, subequal in size, the inner pair smaller than the outer. They attached by a tegula, caudicle and viscidium. The stigma is transverse, the rostellum entire or trilobed, never exceeding the stigma. The capsule is fusiform, with six ridges with a smooth or verrucose surface.</p><p>Key to genera of the Aganisia complex</p><p>1 Leaves conduplicate ......................................................................................................................................................... Cheiradenia</p><p>- Leaves plicate .....................................................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>2 Plants rhizomatous; pseudobulbs covered by scarious cataphylls ........................................................................................ Aganisia</p><p>- Plants caespitose; pseudobulbs not covered by scarious cataphylls...................................................................................................3</p><p>3 Pseudobulbs covered by leafy, articulate cataphylls; petiole margin hyaline; lip callus hippocrepiform; stigmatic wings conspicuous.......................................................................................................................................................................................... Otostylis</p><p>- Pseudobulbs covered by non-leafy, non-articulate cataphylls; petiole margin non-hyaline; lip callus 2(–3)-lobed or semi-conical; stigmatic wings inconspicuous ...........................................................................................................................................................4</p><p>4 Lip with prominent lateral lobes, callus 2(–3)-lobed .................................................................................................... Koellensteinia</p><p>- Lip with strongly reduced lateral lobes, callus semi-conical ....................................................................................... Paradisanthus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1473270C5BCC88C9CFE1E86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1463277C5BCCCB39CFE1C97.text	F10187B5F1463277C5BCCCB39CFE1C97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia Lindley	<div><p>1. Aganisia Lindley (1839: misc. 45).</p><p>Aganisia sect. Typaganisia Kuntze in von Post &amp; Kuntze (1903: 13), nom. illeg. Type:— Aganisia pulchella Lindley (1839: misc. 45)</p><p>Acacallis Lindley (1853a: 1) . Aganisia sect. Acacallis (Lindl.) Kuntze in von Post &amp; Kuntze (1903: 13). Type:— Acacallis cyanea Lindley (1853a: 1) .</p><p>Kochiophyton Schlechter ex Cogniaux in Cogniaux (1906b: 574). Type:— Kochiophyton negrense Schlechter ex Cogniaux in Cogniaux (1906b: 574).</p><p>Etymology:— Lindley did not explain the source of the name. It probably originates from Greek, γάνος, splendid, due to the author being delighted with the beauty of this plant, as cited in the protologue—“A very pretty new genus”—or an obscure nymph from Alpine mythology, Veneto, northeastern Italy, also known as Anguana.</p><p>Herbs epiphytic or hemiepiphytic, sympodial, rhizomatous, with thick, spongy roots. Flowering pseudobulbs inconspicuous, homoblastic, fusiform, orbicular in transverse section; cataphylls on pseudobulbs non-leafy, scarious, non-articulate. Leaves 1 per pseudobulb; petiole conduplicate, distinct from blade, margin non-hyaline; blade articulate, plicate, elliptic to narrow-elliptic, base cuneate, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial face with 5 more prominent nerves. Inflorescences racemose, axillary from an inner cataphyll, shorter than plant, rarely longer, erect, pedunculate, rachis lax, blooming acropetally; bracts lanceolate, adpressed; bracteole 1, lanceolate, shorter than the ovary. Flowers resupinate, pedicellate. Sepals with the dorsal one free, and laterals adnate to column feet and oblique, narrow-ovate or ovate. Petals free, narrowly elliptic, elliptic or orbiculate. Lip free, trilobed, unguiculate; lateral lobes highly reduced, deltoid or semi-elliptic; midlobe lateral lobes strongly reduced, margin entire; midlobe flabellate, elliptic or ovate, margin entire, undulate, minutely crenate or fimbriate; callus composed of an outer pair of lamellae with erose margins, fimbriate in distal part between lamellae, or apex with erose laminar margins, antrorse, or longitudinal laminae irregularly denticulate, the external pair higher than the inner one. Column semi-terete, foot shorter than the column, apex with oblong and conspicuous stigmatic wings; anther incumbent, clinandrium not projecting over the anther, margin entire, external face of anther cap bilobed, apex obtuse-denticulate or digitiform, inner face bilocular; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, juxtaposed, oblong-ovoid, laterally compressed, unequal in size and shape, tegula oblong to elliptic, caudicle amorphous, viscidium transverse-oblong; stigma transverse; rostellum trilobed, midlobe narrowly triangular, lateral lobes reduced with concave margin, not exceeding the rostellum, rostellum remnant trilobed, midlobe acute and unequal to the lateral ones, lateral lobes truncate or trilobed, in the latter case the midlobe longer than the truncate and lateral ones. Capsules fusiform, 6-carinate, smooth surface; seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— The genus occurs in northern and western South America, in the Amazon and Solimies Basins, Guiana and Guaporé Shields. It grows in the Amazon rainforests, in shady places close to water, from sea level to 200 m, rarely higher. Aganisia pulchella is also recorded for Trinidad and Suriname in riparian forest surrounded by savannahs and in a disjunct area in southern Bahia, eastern Brazil. In Brazil, the species grows in biome Amazônia and vegetation type floresta de igapó (black water seasonal floodplain forest), floresta de várzea (clear water seasonal floodplain forest) and campinarana (white sand forest); in biome Cerrado in mata de galeria (riparian forest); and biome Floresta Atlântica in restinga (sedimentary coastal shrub field and forest).</p><p>Aganisia pulchella has a disjunct distribution in northern South America and eastern Brazil. There is evidence that Floresta Atlântica and Amazônia once were a single biome connected in northeastern Brazil, which, due to increased aridity during the Pleistocene, became separated by Cerrado and Caatinga (Bigarella et al. 1975, Mori et al. 1981). For the same species, occurrence in Trinidad could at first also sound like a disjunction because it is politically included in the Caribbean, but it is a continental island on the South American platform near the coast of Venezuela and not on the Caribbean platform like the rest of the Antilles (Schultes 1960). Recent field observations in southern Bahia by one of us (TECM) suggest that its life form can be classified tentatively as a hemiepiphyte because most individuals grow on plant litter and later climb up the bases of tree trunks. TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 83 COL-OO PER-OO 84 BZC-MT BZE-BA BZE-MA BZN-AC BZN-AM BZN-PA BZN-RO BZN-RR.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— The genus differs from the others in this study by its medium-sized plants (20 to 50 cm long), rhizomatous, inconspicous pseudobulbs covered by non-leafy, non-articulate and scarious cataphylls, articulate leaves with hyaline margins and plicate blades, inflorescences shorter than the leaves, rarely longer, lax rachis, big flowers (sepals up to 3.8 cm long), lateral sepals adnate to the column foot, lip with a hippocrepiform and ornamented callus and column with conspicuous stigmatic wings.</p><p>Generic delimitation:— The segregation of Acacallis from Aganisia was accepted without critical analysis by some authors (Schlechter 1918a; Hoehne 1953; Senghas &amp; Gerlach 1993c). Acacallis would include Acacallis cyanea and Acacallis frimbriata, and Aganisia only Aganisia pulchella . These authors referred to the lip of Aganisia as sessile. Schultes (1958) discussed this, and we agree with his views on the reliability of this character to distinguish these genera. We concluded that in fact the lip is unguiculate, and we also found that the column foot is shorter than column. Apart from that, we did not find any other diagnosable characters. Whitten et al. (2005) in a combined molecular analysis showed that Aganisia pulchella is sister to Acacallis cyanea and Acacallis fimbriata . Thus, we conclude there is no reason to separate these two genera.</p><p>Key to the species and forms of Aganisia</p><p>1 Lip with lateral lobes unconstricted, margin of midlobe entire........................................................................................ A. pulchella</p><p>- Lip with lateral lobes strongly constricted distally, midlobe margin undulate and inconspicuously crenate or fimbriate ................2</p><p>2 Lip with midlobe elliptic to ovate, strongly concave, margin fimbriate .......................................................................... A. fimbriata</p><p>- Lip with midlobe flabellate, slightly concave, margin undulate or inconspicuously crenate ............................................................3</p><p>3 Sepals, petals and lip white, rarely lip yellowish ..................................................................................................... A. cyanea f. alba</p><p>- Sepals, petals and lip lilac, rarely midlobe of lip yellowish................................................................................. A. cyanea f. cyanea</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1463277C5BCCCB39CFE1C97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1413277C5BCCB779AE718A0.text	F10187B5F1413277C5BCCB779AE718A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia cyanea fm. alba (Roth & O. Gruss) Meneguzzo 2015	<div><p>1.1.1. Aganisia cyanea f. alba (Röth &amp; O.Gruss) Meneguzzo, comb. nov.</p><p>Acacallis cyanea f. alba Röth &amp; Gruss (2006: 461) . Type: — s.loc., ex hort., 12 December 2005, Glanz sub Rˆth &amp; Gruss s.n. (holotype HAL 100141!). Fig. 1 A, 3C.</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, albus, whitish.</p><p>Flowers with sepals, petals and white lip, rarely lip yellowish.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, 20 November 1947, Fróes 22906C (IAN).</p><p>Distribution:— Northern Brazil: Amazonas. TDWG: 84 BZN-AM.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1413277C5BCCB779AE718A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1413277C5BCCEFF9C551938.text	F10187B5F1413277C5BCCEFF9C551938.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) Reichenbach 1869	<div><p>1.1. Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.</p><p>Epiphytic herbs. Pseudobulbs 6.0–7.5 × 0.8–1.8 cm, fusiform. Leaf with petiole 3.0–4.5 cm long; blade 21.0–41.0 × 5.5–10.0 cm, elliptic to narrow-elliptic, base attenuate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence 22–38 cm long, 3–11-flowered; peduncle 17–24 cm long; rachis 3–17 cm long. Flowers with pedicellate ovary 1.5–2.0 cm long; sepals, petals, lip and column lilac, rarely yellowish midlobe or sepals, petals and lip white, rarely yellow lip. Sepals 2.7–3.8 × 2.0– 2.4 cm ovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse, the laterals oblique. Petals 2.5–3.4 × 1.6–2.7 cm, elliptic to orbiculate, base attenuate, apex obtuse. Lip lateral lobes 0.6–0.8 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-trullate, distal face strongly constricted, distal portion with hippocrepiform, retrorse callus, the external pair of lamellae with erose margins, distally fimbriate between the lamellae; midlobe 1.5–2 × 2.7–3.5 cm, flabellate, slightly concave, base obtuse, apex rounded, margin undulate and inconspicuously crenate. Column 1.4–1.8 × 0.5–0.6 cm, semi-terete; anther cap apex obtuse-denticulate; rostellum remnant trilobed with midlobe acute and unequal to lateral ones, laterals truncate. Capsule 4.3–5 × 0.8–1.3 cm, fusiform.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Distinguished by flowers with sepals and petals lilac or white, rarely lip yellowish or with a yellow midlobe, lip with lateral lobes strongly constricted, callus hippocrepiform, retrorse, the external pair of lamellae with erose margins and distally fimbriate between the lamellae, midlobe flabellate, slightly concave, margin undulate and inconspicuously crenate. Hoehne (1951) found specimens with rhizomes up to 5 m long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1413277C5BCCEFF9C551938	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F140327BC5BCCDBA9BF51EB0.text	F10187B5F140327BC5BCCDBA9BF51EB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) Reichenbach 1869	<div><p>1.1.2. Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) Reichenbach (1869: 12) f. cyanea.</p><p>Acacallis cyanea Lindley (1853a: 1) . Aganisia coerulea Reichenbach (1886: 720), nom. illeg. Pescatoria cyanea Lindl., in sched. Zygopetalum cyaneum (Lindl.) Rchb. f., in sched. Type:—BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, mouth of River Negro, July 1851, Spruce 1790 (lectotype, designated here, K-L 857172!, isolectotypes K 589019!, P 447803!). Fig. 1 A, 2A,B, 3A,B.</p><p>Aganisia tricolor Brown (1885: t. 45). Type:—BRAZIL. River Amazonas: s.loc., s.d., Rand s.n. (type not found, lectotype, designated here, is the complete illustration of the same specimen published in the protologue of Brown 1885: t. 45!).</p><p>Kochiophyton negrense Schltr. ex Cogn. in Cogniaux (1906b: 574). Type:—BRAZIL. Amazonas: River Negro, head of Rio Tiquié, May, Koch 114 (lectotype, designated here, BR 13052560 fragment!, type B†).</p><p>Kochiophyton caeruleum Hoehne (1910: 49) . Acacallis hoehnei Schlechter (1918a: 14) . Acacallis caerulea (Hoehne) Hoehne in Sampaio (1923: 7), nom. illeg. Type:—BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: River Sacre, June 1909, Hoehne sub Commissão Rondon 2208 (lectotype, designated here, R 3031!); Rio Juruena, June 1909, Hoehne sub Commissão Rondon 2014 (remaining syntype SP 29428!); Rio Sacre, June 1909, Hoehne sub Commissão Rondon 2085 (remaining syntype R 44973!).</p><p>Acacallis rosariana Castro Neto &amp; Silva (2001: 572) . Aganisia rosariana (V.P.Castro &amp; J.B.F.Silva) Barros &amp; Guimar "es in Barros et al. ([9 September] 2010: 1349), nom. illeg. Aganisia rosariana (V.P.Castro &amp; J.B.F.Silva) Barros &amp; Guimar "es ex Barros &amp; Guimar"es ([31 December] 2010: 29). Type:—BRAZIL. Rondônia: Porto Velho, hydroelectric power station S"o Samuel, reserve area, 18 January–11 February 1989, Muciel &amp; Rosário 1643 (holotype MG 133092!), syn. nov.</p><p>Kochyophiton negrense var. duckeanum Barbosa Rodrigues f., in sched. Type:—BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Jamundá, Cachoeira Grande, 17 May 1911, Ducke s.n. (MG 11772!).</p><p>Etymology:— From Greek, κυανός, or Latin, cyaneus, a blue ink described from dark blue to greenish blue, due to flower colour; however, these are here described as lilac.</p><p>Common names:— Mocinha (Brazil: Amazonas, Portuguese, Dellome 21, Corrêa 68) and parasita-mocinha (Brazil: Amazonas, Portuguese, Ernani s.n., Rodrigues 8409).</p><p>Flowers with sepals, petals and lip lilac, rarely with a yellowish midlobe.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Carauari, 14 July 1980, Silva et al. 673 (MG); Juruá, 28 July 1914, Booth s.n. (K); Manauná, 6 July 1979, Poole 1901 (NY); Manaus, 1888, von Bayern s.n. (M); 7 August 1956, Ernani s.n. (HB, INPA, RB); 10 August 1949, Fróes 24963 (IAN); 30 May 1968, Prance et al. 4905 (HB, INPA, K, NY); 30 December 1960, Rodrigues &amp; Coelho 2033 (HB, INPA); Maués, 24 May 1957, Oliveira 36 (IAN); Morcego, 18 May 1948, Black 48-2773 (IAN); Panuri, October 1852, Spruce, 1790 (BR, K); Rio Cuieiras, July 1965, Dellome 21 (HB); Vaupés, 31 October 1945, Fróes 21300 (IAN); Rio Jarí, 9 September 1968, Oliveira 4858 (IAN); Rio Negro, 13 May 1948, Black 48-2666 (IAN); Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, 20 October 1971, Prance et al. 15743 (HB, INPA, NY); 27 May 1975, Silva 3884 (IAN); S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, 13 May 1948, Black 48-2666 (IAN); 21 May 1948, Black 48-2841 (IAN); February 1963, Carvalho s.n. (HB); 30 November 1987, Lima et al. 3363 (NY); 28 November 1916, Luetzelburg 23265 (M); 26 July 1991, Martinelli &amp; Ramos 14558 (RB); 5 June 1962, Pires &amp; Silva 7915 (IAN); 4 April 1948, Schultes &amp; López 9765 (AMES); 20 July 1999, Silva 815 (MG); 20 July 1999, Silva 817 (MG); 20 July 1999, Silva 820 (MG); S"o Sebasti"o do Uatum", March 1986, Silva s.n. (SP). Mato Grosso: Tapurah, 9 July 1997, Souza et al. 17507 (ESA, RB). Pará: Aveiro, 18 February 1994, Silva 299 (MG); Cachoeira Grande, 17 May 1911, Ducke s.n. (MG, RB); Oriximiná, 27 May 1999, Lima et al. 5669 (RB); September 1990, Silva &amp; Silva, 58 (MG); 3 February 2009, Silva 3229 (MG); Rio Mapueira, 29 May 1974, Campbell P 22392 (NY). Rondônia: Abuna, 13 July 1968, Prance et al. 5931 (HB, INPA, K, NY); Cerejeiras, April 1998, Silva 739 (MG); September 1997, Silva 793 (MG). Roraima: Caracaraí, 12 September 2010, Pessoa et al. 369 (INPA). COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Vaupés, Rio Cuduyari, 15 August 1944, Allen 3299 (MO); Río Vaupés, 20 November 1945, Allen 3364 (G, MO); Bocas del Carurú, 27 November 1939, Cuatrecasas 7055 (F); Río Kuduyarí, 22 June 1958, García Barriga et al. 15784 (AMES); Río Kuduyarí, 22 June 1958, García Barriga et al. 15785 (AMES); Río Piraparaná, 6 November 1952, Schultes &amp; Cabrera 17225 (AMES); Río Paca, 1 June 1953, Schultes &amp; Cabrera 19517 (AMES). Caquetá: Solano, 14 November 2001, Gutiérrez 360 (HUA). Guainía: Inirida, 13 August 2008, Betancur &amp; González, 13408 (HUA). VENEZUELA. Esmeraldas: s. loc. Bonpland 1189 (W-R). Amazonas: Autana, 18 October 1999, Castillo 6983 (VEN). Beruri, 11 June 1959, Wurdack &amp; Adderley 42938 (NY); Caño Tama-Tama, 23 June 1959, Wurdack &amp; Adderley 43142 (NY); La Esmeralda, 20 July 1951, Croizat 232 (NY, P); Río Cuao, 25 November 1948, Maguire &amp; Politi 27393 (NY); Cerro Sipapo, 30 December 1948, Maguire &amp; Politi 28028 (NY); Río Pacimoni-Yatua, 12 December 1953, Maguire et al. 36762 (NY); Ríos Pacimoni-Yatua, 30 January 1954, Maguire et al. 37448 (NY); 2 October 1957, Maguire et al. 41651 (NY).</p><p>Distribution:— Venezuela, Colombia, northern and west-central Brazil: Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso. TDWG code: 82 VEN-OO 83 COL-OO 84 BZC-MT BZN-AM BZN-PA BZN-RO BZN-RR.</p><p>Taxonomic note:— Senghas &amp; Steinhardt (1996) and Castro Neto &amp; Silva (2001) used the degree of adnation of the callus lamellae to separate Acacallis hoehnei and Acacallis rosariana from Acacallis cyanea . We found no morphological discontinuity between specimens putatively identified under these names. In fact, callus structure is variable in the same specimen, even more so between specimens, and so it should not be used as a diagnostic character. Thus, we propose to synonymise Acacallis rosariana and Acacallis hoehnei .</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:— The lectotype of Kochiophyton caeruleum had its number changed from 2108 to 2008A by Hoehne (1951, 1953) in order to make it agree with collection sequence of Commiss"o Rondon, possibly due to a typographical error. However, we chose to keep the old numbering, since it agrees with the protologue and herbarium specimen label, which was never altered.</p><p>The combination Aganisia rosariana (V.P.Castro &amp; J.B.F.Silva) F.Barros &amp; L.R.S.Guim. is not legitimate due to lack of a basionym citation (McNeill et al. 2012: art. 41.5).</p><p>This is the first time the following names are cited as names in scheda: Pescatoria cyanea, Zygopetalum cyaneum and Kochyophyton caerulerum var. duckeanum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F140327BC5BCCDBA9BF51EB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14D3279C5BCCCFE9B391E20.text	F10187B5F14D3279C5BCCCFE9B391E20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia fimbriata Reichenbach 1874	<div><p>1.2. Aganisia fimbriata Reichenbach (1874: 452) .</p><p>Acacallis fimbriata (Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1918a: 16) . Type:— GUYANA. Demerara: ex hort., s.d., Sillem s.n. (lectotype,, designated here, W-R 40596!). Fig. 1 B, 2C–E</p><p>Aganisia caerulea Reichenbach (1876: 226) . Acacallis caerulea (Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1918a: 14) . Type: BRAZIL. S.loc., ex hort., s.d., s.leg. s.n. (type W-R not found). Type:—BRAZIL. Pará: Moju, Fazenda Bonal, ca. 50 km W from road PA-150, 30 km of access to Tailândia, 24 August 1991, Vieira, Skorupa &amp; Pereira da Silva 861 (neotype, designated here, CEN 15650!, isoneotypes HEPH s.n.!, SP 318547!).</p><p>Aganisia oliveriana Reichenbach (1878: 558) . Acacallis oliveriana (Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1914: 419) . Type:—BRAZIL. S. loc., ex hort., July 1876, s. leg. s.n. (lectotype, designated here, W-R 40589 only upper left packet!). S. loc., ex hort., s.d., s. leg. s.n. (original material W-R 33794!); ex hort., June 1876 / December 1877 / 15 April 1878 / s.d., s.leg. s.n. (original material W-R 40588 four icons!).</p><p>Etymology:— From the Latin, fimbriatus, fringed, referring to lip margin.</p><p>Epiphytic herbs. Pseudobulbs 4.0–5.5 × 0.8–1.3 cm, fusiform. Leaves with petiole 1.5–3.5 cm long; blade 21.0– 27.0 × (3.0–)4.5–6.0(–7.9) cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, base attenuate, apex acute. Inflorescence 9–21 cm long, 3–5(–9)-flowered; peduncle 8–12 cm long; rachis 1.5–7.5 cm long. Flowers with pedicellate ovary 0.9–1.6 cm long; sepals, petals and lip lilac. Sepals 1.5–1.8 × 0.8–1.1 cm, narrowly ovate, base cuneate, apex acute, laterals oblique. Petals 1.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, narrowly elliptic, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Lip with lateral lobes 0.4–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-trullate, highly constricted distally, callus in distal part, hippocrepiform, laminar, antrorse, margins erose; midlobe 0.9–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 cm, elliptic to ovate, base and apex rounded, margin frimbriate, longer in proximal half than distally. Column 0.6–0.7 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-terete; anther cap with digitiform apex; rostellum remnant trilobed, midlobe acute and longer to truncate lateral ones. Capsule 4.0–4.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm, fusiform.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul, 14 February 1976, Monteiro &amp; Damião 362 (INPA); 28 February 1976, Ramos &amp; Mota 144 (INPA). Amazonas: Estrada de Munguba, 20 June 1969, Silva 2148 (IAN); Margem do rio Jarí, 20 May 1969, Silva 1998 (IAN); Coari, 13 March 2007, Rocha &amp; Petrobom 640 (MG); Manaus, 20 March 1955, Chagas s.n. (HB); 18 March 1974, Prance et al. 20687 (INPA, NY); S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, 10 June 1995, Silva 413 (MG). Pará: s.loc., 15 May 1975, Corrêa 68 (HB); Almeirim, 10 June 1969, Silva 2148 (IAN); Benevides, 18 April 1994, Silva 316 (MG); Itaituba, 6 May 1983, Amaral et al. 1194 (INPA, NY). GUYANA. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Kuyuwini Landing, Kuyuwini river, 16 October 1992, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 2966 (U). PERU. Huánuco: Pachitea, 2 March 1967, Schunke V. 1701 (F). Loreto: Maynas, 4 September 1974, Foster &amp; Foster 4089 (F); 13 August 1980, Foster 4434 (MO); 21 July 1980, Gentry 28881 (MO); 19 March 1982, Gentry et al. 36487 (MO); 5 June 1985, Vásquez et al. 6540 (MO); 28 July 1988, van der Werff et al. 9829 (MO); 18 August 1988, van der Werff et al. 10192 (MO); 24 November 1929, Killip &amp; Smith 29984 (NY); April 1930, Klug 1239 (F, NY); April 1930, Klug, 1257 (F, NY). San Martín: Chazuta, March 1935, Klug 3985 (AMES, F, K, MO, NY). Ucayali: Coronel Portillo, 21 June 1981, Young 981 (NY). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: San Carlos de Río Negro, 27 October 1970, Rutkis 219 (VEN); 17 May 1979, Liesner 7508 (VEN).</p><p>Distribution:— Guyana, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil:Acre, Amazonas, Pará. TDWG code: 82 GUY-OO VEN-OO 83 PER-OO 84 BZN-AC BZN-AM BZN-PA.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Distinguished by its lilac flowers, lip with lateral lobes strongly constricted, callus hippocrepiform, antrorse callus with erose and laminar margins, and midlobe strongly concave, elliptic to ovate with fimbriate margin.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:— For Aganisia caerulea, Schultes (1958) reported being unable to locate the type at W-R, and due to lack of information in the protologue it is not feasible to determine if any of the specimens at W-R are types. Thus, we selected here a neotype.</p><p>Herbarium sheet W-R 40589 named as Aganisia oliveirana contains four flower spikes, three leaves and three capsules. The packet chosen as a neototype is the only one that contains a flower and was identified by Reichenbach as “ Aganisia H.H. July 1976 ”. AMES 68569 must not be considered part of the neotype because it is not possible to make a connection between the two sheets.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14D3279C5BCCCFE9B391E20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14F3279C5BCCC4E9DBA1898.text	F10187B5F14F3279C5BCCC4E9DBA1898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia pulchella Lindley	<div><p>1.3. Aganisia pulchella Lindley (1839: misc. 45). Type:—GUYANA. Demerara: ex hort., s.d., Brotherton sub Messrs. Loddiges s.n. (lectotype, here designated, K-L 718362!). Fig. 1 C, 2F–G, 3D</p><p>Aganisia brachypoda Schlechter (1925: 126) . Type:—BRAZIL. Amazonas: S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, River Içana, track in the end of airstrip, 1 September 2008, Fiaschi, Ricardo, Lizardo &amp; Henrique 3262 (neotype, designated here, SPF 186328!). The original type was destroyed: BRAZIL. Amazonas: S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, Taracuá, High River Negro, March, Hübner 168 (type B†).</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, pulchellus, pretty, due to the beauty of the flowers.</p><p>Epiphytic and possibly hemiepiphyte herbs. Pseudobulb 1.8–3.5 × 0.2–0.3 cm, fusiform. Leaves with petiole 2.0– 3.4 cm long; blade 2.0–3.1 × 11.5–18.5 cm, narrowly elliptic, base attenuate, apex acute. Inflorescence 2–3-flowered, 7.5–9.5 cm long; peduncle 5.0–7.5 cm long; rachis 1.5–3.5 cm long. Flowers with pedicellate ovary 0.9–1.4 cm long; sepals and petals white, lip white with disc yellow and red calli, midlobe with yellow face. Sepals 1.5–1.9 × 0.6–0.8 cm, narrowly ovate, base cuneate, apex acute, the laterals oblique. Petals 1.4–1.8 × 0.5–0.6 cm, narrow-elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute. Lip with lateral lobes 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-trullate, unconstricted, distal portion with hippocrepiform callus with longitudinal and irregularly denticulate lamina, the external pair higher than the inner; midlobe 0.7–0.9 × 0.9–1.1 cm, ovate, base rounded to cordate, apex obtuse, margin entire. Column 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-terete; anther cap apex obtuse-denticulate; rostellum remnant trilobed, midlobe acute and longer than the lateral ones, lateral trucates. Capsule 2.5–3.2 × 0.8–1.2 cm, fusiform.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Between Porto Seguro and CEPLAC, 28 November 1970, Mello Filho &amp; Emmerich 3013 (CEPEC); Porto Seguro, 29 May 2014, Cavalcanti et al. 713 (UFP); Una, 9 November 2014, Meneguzzo et al. 841 (RB). Maranh"o: 10 km do rio Guripi, 7 January 1994, Silva 224 (MG). Pará: Belém, 2 July 1914, Ducke s.n. (MG, RB); June 1989, Silva 15 (MG); Igarapé do Una, 1877, Jobert 83 (P); Ourém, 2 July 1999, Silva 664 (MG). FRENCH GUYANA. Cayenne: Fleuve Approuague, 29 August 1977, Sastre 5797 (P); Montagne des Nouragues, 13 April 1989, Sarthou 516 (P); Mont Chauve, April 1989, Larpin 514 (P); October 1989, Larpin 682 (P); 19 April 1992, Larpin 1040 (P); 19 April 1992, Larpin 1041 (P); 20 April 1997, Villiers &amp; Sarthou 6137 (P). GUIANA. S.loc., s.d., im Thurn 13 (K). Barima-Waini:Anabisi River, 15 February 1922, de la Cruz 1370 (NY). Cuyuni-Mazaruni. Bartica, 3 August 1922, de la Cruz 2000 (MO, NY); Mazaruni River, 4 October 2006, Redden et al. 4552 (K, NY); Membaru, 29 October 1951, Maguire &amp; Fanshawe 32341 (K); Upper Mazaruni River, 4 November 1922, Leng 21 (NY). Demerara-Mahaica: Georgetown, 22 November 1919, Hitchcock, 16992 (GH, NY). SURINAME. Marowijne: Moengo, 8 October 1948, Lanjouw &amp; Lindeman 730 (U). Para: Jodensavanne, 16 January 1961, Kramer &amp; Hekking 2657 (U); 14 May 1954, Lindeman 3956 (AMES, U). Paramaribo: fluminis Paramaribo, 17 November 1971, Teunissen &amp; Teunissen 11090 (U). Sipaliwini: Lely Mountains, 2 October 1975, Lindeman et al. 657 (U). Wilhelmina Gebergte, 28 July 1963, Irwin et al. 54475 (F, U). Suriname: Paramaribo, 17 December 1962, Wessels Boer 355 (U). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Tunapuna-Piarco, Aripo Savanna, 5 March 1920, Cocker &amp; Rowland s.n. (K, NY); Saint Andrew, 5 March 1920, Cocker &amp; Rowland s.n. (NY). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: El Callao, 29 December 1956, Foldats 2675 (AMES); southeast of Hato de Nuria, 25 January 1961, Steyermark 88818 (MO). Mérida: Bolívar, Paujil, 28 March 1956, Bernardi 2994 (G).</p><p>Distribution:— Trinidad, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, northern and northeastern Brazil: Amazonas, Bahia Maranh"o, Pará. TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 84 BZE-BA BZE-MA BZN-AM BZN-PA.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Characterized by white sepals and petals with yellow disc, lateral lobes unconstricted, hippocrepiform callus with longitudinal and irregularly denticulate lamina, the external pair higher than the inner, and midlobe ovate with entire margin.</p><p>Nomenclatural note:— The specimen of Aganisia brachypoda chosen as the neotype is from same type locality as the original destroyed material, and its morphology agrees with the information in the protologue.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14F3279C5BCCC4E9DBA1898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14E3278C5BCCDBA9D951B80.text	F10187B5F14E3278C5BCCDBA9D951B80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiradenia Lindley 1853	<div><p>2. Cheiradenia Lindley (1853b: 1) .</p><p>Zygopetalum sect. Cheiradenia (Lindl.) Kuntze in von Post &amp; Kuntze (1903: 602). Type: — Cheiradenia cuspidata Lindley (1853b: 1) .</p><p>Etymology:— From Greek, χειρ, hand αδένας, gland, in allusion to the lip callus.</p><p>Epiphytic herbs with sympodial growth, caespitose. Roots thick, spongy. Flowering pseudobulb inconspicuous, homoblastic, ovoid, orbicular in transverse section; cataphylls at the base, non-leafy, non-scarious, non-articulate. Leaves 2–3 per pseudobulb; petiole conduplicate, distinct from blade, margin non hyaline; blade articulate, conduplicate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rarely narrowly obovate, base attenuate, apex apiculate, abaxial face with 1 prominent nerve. Inflorescences racemose, simple or double, axillary in inner cataphyll, taller than the plant, erect, pedunculate, rachis congested, blooming acropetally; bracts narrowly lanceolate, patent; bracteole apparently 1, lanceolate, longer than the ovary. Flowers resupinate, pedicellate. Dorsal sepal free but lateral ones adnate to the column foot, oblique. Petals free, obovate. Lip free, slightly trilobed, mobile, unguiculate, transversely oblong, strongly concave, lateral margins erect, apex truncate, blade with ¾ of distal portion with 1 longitudinal and conical callus, with free apex, distal portion free, apex 4-cuspidate. Column semi-terete, column foot shorter than column, apex with conspicuous triangular stigmatic wings; anther incumbent, clinandrium not projecting over the anther, margin entire, external face of anther cap entire, apex rounded, inner face bilocular face; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, juxtaposed, ovoid, laterally compressed, unequal in size and shape, tegula and caudicle not seen, viscidium transversely rhombic; stigma transverse; rostellum unlobed, triangular, not exceeding the stigma, rostellum remnant unlobed, concave. Capsules ellipsoid, 6-carinate, smooth surface; seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— This monospecific genus occurs in Trinidad and the Guiana Shield, high in canopy rainforests or riparian forests surrounded by savannahs, from sea level to 1,500 m. It is frequently described in herbarium specimens to be associated with thick moss layers. In Brazil it is found in biome Amazônia, vegetation type floresta de terra firme (dryland forest). TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 84 BZN-AP.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— The genus is distinguished by its small size (plant up to 7 cm high), caespitose habit with inconspicuous pseudobulbs covered by non-leafy, non-articulate and non-scarious cataphylls, articulate plicate leaves, a petiole with non-hyaline margin, inflorescence slightly taller than the leaves, rachis congested, small flowers (sepals up to 0.3 cm long), lip entire with blade with ¾ of distal portion with 1 longitudinal and conical callus, with free apex, distal portion free, apex 4-cuspidate, and column with inconspicuous stigmatic wings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14E3278C5BCCDBA9D951B80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14E327DC5BCC9AE9C371E05.text	F10187B5F14E327DC5BCC9AE9C371E05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiradenia cuspidata Lindley 1853	<div><p>2.1. Cheiradenia cuspidata Lindley (1853b: 1) .</p><p>Type: — FRENCH GUYANA. S.loc., s.d., Leprieur 108 (lectotype, designated by Christenson (1996: 14), K-L 857193!, isolectotype P 612125!); idem, Leprieur 114 (remaining syntype K-L 857194, P 612124). Fig. 3 E, 4, 5A–C</p><p>Cheiradenia imthurnii Cogniaux (1906a: 481) . Type: — FRENCH GUYANA. Pomeroon, Waini Falls, 19 February 1883, im Thurn 1966 (lectotype, designated by Christenson (1996: 14), K 589033!, isolectotype BR 564050!).</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, cuspidatus, sharp, acute, in reference to the apex of the lip keel.</p><p>Epiphytic herbs. Pseudobulbs 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0,4 cm, ovoid. Leaves with petiole 0.2–0.3 cm long; blade (2.0–)3.5– 6.5 × (0.5–)0.9–1.8 cm. Inflorescence 4.5–8.5 cm long, 2–5 flowered; peduncle 4.0–8.0 cm long, rachis 0.2–0.7 cm long. Flowers with pedicellate ovary 0.3–0.4 cm long; sepals, petals and lip whitish-rose and lip whitish-rose with dark red concentric, transverse-oblong spots, lip callus yellow. Sepals 0.20–0.25 × 0.20–0.25 cm, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Petals 0.20–0.25 × 0.20–0.25 cm, obovate, base not cuneate, apex rounded. Lip 0.3-0.4 × 0.3–0.4 cm, weakly trilobed, transversely oblong, strongly concave, margins erect, apex truncate. Column 0.3–0.4 × 0.2 cm, semi-terete. Capsule 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.6 cm, ellipsoid.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Amapá: Calçonoe, Rio Carnot, 1898, Geay s.n. (P). FRENCH GUYANA. Cayenne: Crique Jean-Pierre, 7 December 1994, Cremers et al. 13558 (P); eastern plateau of Montagne Tortue, 12 June 1988, Feuillet &amp; Montagne Tortue expedition members 10001 (MO, NY, U); Haut Oyapock, 22 March 1976, Sastre 4507 (M, P); Kaw, 10 March 1994, Chauvet, &amp; Chiron s.n. (P); Korou, 1877, Crevaux s.n. (P); Montagne Bellevue de l’Inini, 22 August 1985, de Granville 7739 (P, U); 25 August 1985, de Granville 7822 (P, U); Monts Bakra, 17 June 2002, de Granville et al. 14834 (P); Montagne des Chevaux, 25 March 2009, Tostain et al. 2711 (P); Montagne de Kaw, 11 February 1980, Cremers 6298 (P); Mont Bakra, 15 April 1993, Cremers 13110 (P, U); Mont Saint-Marcel, 24 July 2002, de Granville et al. 15449 (P); Montagnes de la Trinité, Sommet Nord, 9 January 1984, de Granville 5793 (BR, P, U); Petit Saut, 25 February 1988, Billiet &amp; Jadin 4478 (BR); 18 February 2009, Billiet &amp; Jadin 8332 (BR); Saint-Elie, 15 September 2000, de Granville et al. 14083 (NY, P); Station des Nouragues, 24 August 1987, Feuillet 4281 (P); December 1989, Larpin 818 (P); 30 March 1992, Larpin 1019 (P); 4 March 1987, Prévost 2224 (P); Richard s.n. (BR). Saint Laurent du Maroni: Charvein, 15 February 1914, Benoist, 1311 (P); Montagne de l’Inini, 10 April 1986, Feuillet 3370 (P). Saül: March 1993, Billiet &amp; Jadin 5812 (BR); 8 August 1993, Mori et al. 23176 (NY); Eaux Claires, 11 February 1993, Mori et al. 22931 (NY). GUYANA. Carsona Head, March 1938, Beddington 65 (K); Mabura Hill, 28 October 1981, Maas et al. 5904 (U); Risque Tout near Montsinéry, 22 June 1988, Maas et al. 7122 (U). Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Base of Meamu Mountains Range, 20 March 2007, Redden et al. 5713 (NY); Eboropu Mountain, 13 April 1979, Edwards 1268 (K); Headwaters of Kangu River, 5 March 1987, Pipoly et al. 11004 (NY); Essequibo River, 18 August 1929, Sandwith 50 (K); Pakaraima Mountains, 15 February 2004, Redden et al. 1886 (K, NY); Wareshema Mountain Range, 26 February 2007, Redden et al. 5360 (NY); Paruima, 6 July 1997, Clarke et al. 5427 (NY); Samwarakna-tipu, 9 November 1951, Maguire &amp; Fanshawe 32489 (AMES); Upper Mazaruni, 27 February 1985, Renz 1491 (RENZ); 10 February 1985, Renz 1492 (RENZ); 6 February 1985, Renz 14090 (RENZ). Essequibo Islands-West Demerara: West Demerara, 15 April 1985, ter Steege &amp; Cornelissenr 57 (U); White Creek, 19 April 1993, Henkel et al. 1941 (NY, U). Potaro-Siparuni: Ebini Mountain, 21 May 1991, Kelloff et al. 697 (K); Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve, 20 March 1997, Clarke et al. 4155 (U); 24 November 1995, Clarke &amp; Hoffman 642 (NY). Upper Demerara-Berbice: Mabura region, 14 December 1993, Ek et al. 968 (U). Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Acarai Mountains, 28 February 1994, Henkel et al. 4826 (NY, U); Maparri River, 3 June 1996, Clarke &amp; McPherson 1888 (U); 6 June 1996, Clarke &amp; McPherson 2020 (NY, U). SURINAME. Brokopongo: Bosreservaat Brownsberg, 5 July 1924, Boswezen 6614 (MBM, U). Marowijini: Moengo. 17 April 1955, Maguire &amp; Maguire 40809 A (MO, NY). Saramacca: Between Saramacca River and Goliath Mountains, 4 June 1956, Schulz 7675 (U). Sipaliwini: Augustas Falls, 19 June 2001, Hawkins 1950 (MO); Nassau Mountains, 21 February 1949, Lanjouw, &amp; Lindeman 2226 (AMES, U); Montibus Bakhuis, 24 February 1965, Florschütz &amp; Maas 3001 (A, U); 16 March 1949, Lanjouw, &amp; Lindeman 2754 (AMES, U); Plateau A, 1 January 1955, Maguire 39054 (NY); Plateau C, 26 January 2003, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 6283 (K, U); 30 January 2003, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 6420 (U); 1 March 1953, Maguire &amp; Maguire 40731 (NY); Tapanahony, 3 March 1955, Maguire &amp; Maguire 40750 (MO, NY). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Tunapuna-Piarco. Blanchisseuse, 13 September 1994, Soo-Ping Chow 468 (BM). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Raul Leoni, September 1986, Fernandez 3242 (VEN); Sierra de Imataca, 24 July 1989, Collella 1521 (NY).</p><p>Distribution:— Trinidad, French Guyana, Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, northern Brazil: Amapá. TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 84 BZN-AP.</p><p>The only specimen found in Brazil (Geay s.n. at P) was labelled as French Guyana, Rivière Carnot, in the Contested French-Brazilian area, which was annexed to Amapá state in 1900. The first occurrence for Trinidad and Tobago is reported here (Chow 468, BM).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:— Christenson (1996: 14) mistakenly cited the holotype of Cheiradenia cuspidata as Leprieur 108 deposited at K with an isotype at P. In the same way, he cited for C. imthurnii the specimen im Thurn 1966 with the holotype at K. This is here corrected to lectotype and isolectotype (McNeill et al. 2012: art. 9.9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14E327DC5BCC9AE9C371E05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14B327CC5BCCC2A9CFF1C2D.text	F10187B5F14B327CC5BCCC2A9CFF1C2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia Reichenbach 1854	<div><p>3. Koellensteinia Reichenbach (1854: 17) .</p><p>Aganisia sect. Koellensteinia (Rchb.f.) Kuntze in von Post &amp; Kuntze (1903: 13). Type: — Koellensteinia kellneriana Reichenbach (1854: 17)</p><p>Etymology:— Named after Captain Carlo Kellner von Köllenstein, Austrian orchidist who sent many specimens to Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach.</p><p>Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs, rarely rupiculous, sympodial growth, caespitose with thick, spongy roots. Flowering pseudobulbs inconspicuous, homoblastic, ovoid in transverse section; cataphylls basal, non-leafy, non-scarious, nonarticulate. Leaves 2–4 per pseudobulb, distal on pseudobulb; petiole conduplicate, distinct from blade, margin nonhyaline; blade articulate, plicate, narrowly ovate, narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate or linear, base attenuate, apex acute, abaxial face with 3 prominent nerves. Inflorescences racemose or doubly racemose, lateral, axillary on inner cataphyll, erect or arching, pedunculate, longer than the plant, rarely shorter, rachis lax, rarely congested, blooming acropetally; bracts long-lanceolate, adpressed; bracteole 1, shorter than the ovary. Flowers resupinate, pedicellate. Dorsal sepal free, the laterals ones adnate to column feet and oblique, narrowly ovate, ovate or elliptic. Petals free, narrowly elliptic or elliptic. Lip free, motile, trilobed, unguiculate; midlobe elliptic, oblong or obtrapezoidal, apex rounded, obtuse or truncate, callus bilobed or rarely trilobed, retrorse; lateral lobes ovate or dolabriform, erectascending. Column semi-clavate, column foot shorter than the column, apex with inconspicuous stigmatic wings; anther incumbent, clinandrium projecting or not over the anther, margin entire or toothed, external face of anther cap bilobed, apex obtuse-denticulate, inner face bilocular; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, juxtaposed, oblong-ovoid, laterally compressed, unequal in size and shape, tegula oblong, caudicle amorphous, sticky, viscidium ovate; stigma transverse; rostellum trilobed, median lobe narrowly triangular, lateral lobes reduced, not exceeding the stigma, rostellum remnant trilobed, median lobe acute and longer than the truncate laterals ones. Capsule fusiform, 6-carinate, surface verrucose; seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Koellensteinia is distributed in Belize, northern and western South America, and northern, northeastern, west central and eastern Brazil. Koellensteinia graminea is the most widespread species, commonly an epiphyte high above the soil under a dense canopy forest in Trinidad, northern, western, and disjunct in northeastern Brazil, from sea level to 1,000 m. Koellensteinia carraoënsis and K. lilijae are terrestrial species restricted to northern South America, the former from the Guyana Shield in floresta de terra firme (high canopy forest on nonflooding soil), up to 500 m above sea level, and the latter to Río Atabupo Basin in low vegetation on rocky outcrops about 100 m above sea level. Koellensteinia hyacinthoides and K. kellneriana are widespread in the Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield, the former as low-growing epiphytes or rupiculous, the latter as terrestrial, both in open sandy savannas or low density floresta de terra firme. Koellensteinia tricolor occurs in northern South America, always on left margin of the Amazon River, and also reaches Belize. Koellensteinia ionoptera is endemic to Peru in wet forest. Koellensteinia eburnea is a common species in campo úmido (moist grassland) in southeastern and west central Brazil and Bolivia. Koellensteinia florida is restricted to restinga in Bahia and Espírito Santo, northern and southeastern Brazil. Koellensteinia spiralis is endemic to coastal forests in Bahia, northern Brazil. TDWG code: 80 BLZ-OO 81 TRT-OO 80 BLZ-OO 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 83 BOL-OO CLM-OO 84 BZC-DF BZC-GO BZC-MT BZC-MS BZE-BA BZL-ES BZL-MG BZN-AM BZN-AP BZN-PA BZN-RR.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— The genus is distinguished by medium to large plants (35–150 cm tall), non-rhizomatose, inconspicuous pseudobulbs covered by non-leafy, non-articulate, and non-scarious cathaphylls, articulate leaves, petiole with non-hyaline margin, plicate, inflorescence taller than the leaves (sometimes shorter in Koellensteinia graminea), lax rachis (only congested in K. florida), medium-sized flowers (sepals up to 2 cm), trilobed lip, bilobed or trilobed retrosed callus, and column with inconspicuous stigmatic wings.</p><p>Generic delimitation:— The presence of Koellensteinia species in two distinct clades in the phylogenetic analysis of Whitten et al. (2005) could suggest that the genus is not monophyletic. However, at this moment the analysis of morphological characters shows it to be homogeneous, and the absence of obvious discontinuity at first does not support this ambiguous result. A more thoroughly sampled analysis is desirable.</p><p>Key to the species of Koellensteinia</p><p>1 Lip midlobe with obtuse apex ............................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Lip midlobe with rounded or truncate apex .......................................................................................................................................6</p><p>2 Leaves blade linear and narrow (up to 0.5 cm large) ....................................................................................................... K. graminea</p><p>- Leaves blade elliptic and large (more than 1 cm large)......................................................................................................................3</p><p>3 Rachis congested .................................................................................................................................................................. K. florida</p><p>- Rachis lax ...........................................................................................................................................................................................4</p><p>4 Lip lateral lobes with erose margin ........................................................................................................................... K. hyacinthoides</p><p>- Lip lateral lobes with entire margin....................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>5 Petals with distal margin entire .................................................................................................................................... K. carraoënsis</p><p>- Petals with distal margin slightly erose .............................................................................................................................. K. dasilvae</p><p>6 Inflorescences spiral ............................................................................................................................................................ K. spiralis</p><p>- Inflorescences non-spiral....................................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>7 Lip midlobe narrower than length between lateral lobes ................................................................................................... K. eburnea</p><p>- Lip midlobe width equal or subequal to length between lateral lobes ...............................................................................................8</p><p>8 Lip midlobe longer than lateral lobes in length...................................................................................................................... K. lilijae</p><p>- Lip midlobe equal or subequal to lateral lobes in length....................................................................................................................9</p><p>9 Lip lateral lobes oblong................................................................................................................................................... K. ionoptera</p><p>- Lip lateral lobes semi-orbicular........................................................................................................................................................10</p><p>10 Lip lateral lobes overlapping median lobe .................................................................................................................... K. kellneriana</p><p>- Lip lateral lobes not overlapping median lobe .................................................................................................................... K. tricolor</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14B327CC5BCCC2A9CFF1C2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14A327CC5BCCE659CCD1942.text	F10187B5F14A327CC5BCCE659CCD1942.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia carraoensis Garay & Dunst.	<div><p>3.1. Koellensteinia carraoënsis Garay &amp; Dunst. in Dunsterville &amp; Garay (1976: 166).</p><p>Type: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: River Carrao, September 1955, Dunsterville 306 (holotype AMES 4456!). Fig. 6A</p><p>Koellensteinia surinamensis Pabst, in sched. Original material: — unknown.</p><p>Etymology:— Named after Río Carrao, in Venezuelan Guyana.</p><p>Selected material examined:— FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: Mont Saint Marcel, 24 July 2002, De Granville et al. 15450 (K, P, U); Montagne des Nouragues, 28 March 1988, Sarthou 244 (P). SURINAME. Sipaliwini, 16 March 1949, Lanjouw &amp; Lindeman 2748 (AMES, P, U).</p><p>Distribution:— Venezuela, Suriname, French Guyana and northern Brazil: Amapá. TDWG code: 82 FRG-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 84 BRN-AP.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia carraoënsis is characterized by medium-sized plants (40–60 cm tall) and differs of K. hyacinthoides by inflorescence subequal in size to the leaf blade and erect vs. shorter than half the length of the leaf blade and arched, flowers whitish to yellow vs. yellow, petals with distal margin slightly erose vs. entire, lip lateral lobes with margin entire vs. erose, lip midlobe length longer than lateral lobes length vs. shorter, and lateral lobes of clinandrium extending beyond midlobe vs. not so extending.</p><p>Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes:— For a long time Pabst identified this species as K. surinamensis, but never published this name. Here we cite it for first time, although it was not possible to find the material upon which it was based. Koellensteinia carraoënsis is a common species widespread along the Guyana Shield in floresta de terra firme (Carnevali et al. 2007), but Romero-González (2003) considered it to be endemic to Río Carrao in Venezuela.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14A327CC5BCCE659CCD1942	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F14A327CC5BCCB6998A518F2.text	F10187B5F14A327CC5BCCB6998A518F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia dasilvae C.F.Hall & F.Barros	<div><p>3.2. Koellensteinia dasilvae C.F.Hall &amp; F.Barros in Hall et al. (2015: in press).</p><p>Type:—BRAZIL. Amapá: Serra do Navio, close to River Amapá, ex hort., 7 August 2013, Hall &amp; Koch 1000 (holotype SP 473704)</p><p>Etymology:— Named after Jo"o Batista Fernandes da Silva, a prominent collector and orchidologist from Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Pará, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution:— Northern Brazil: Amapá. TDWG code: 84 BRN-AP.</p><p>Taxonomic note:— This recently described species was considered by the authors as endemic to Amapá, Brazil. It was compared with Koellensteinia hyacinthoides, from which it does have several differences, but it was not compared with other species. Our study of the protologue shows clear similarities with K. carraoënsis that would render it to be a new synonym. It would not be a novelty if a taxon formerly recorded in the Guyanan countries to be confirmed in the Brazilian states bordering these.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F14A327CC5BCCB6998A518F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1543262C5BCCDBA9B721A3D.text	F10187B5F1543262C5BCCDBA9B721A3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia eburnea (Barb. Rodr.) Schlechter 1918	<div><p>3.3. Koellensteinia eburnea (Barb.Rodr.) Schlechter (1918b: 28) .</p><p>Cyrtopodium eburneum Barbosa Rodrigues (1881: 74) . Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: S"o Jo"o del Rei, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (type J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium†; the lectotype, here designated, is the original illustration! of the same specimen that was to be published in Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil t. 708, deposited at the library of Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, bound volume 5 of the book with same title published by Sprunger et al. (1996: 333, t. 208)). Fig. 6 F,G</p><p>Cyrtopodium lineatum Barbosa Rodrigues (1901: 52) . Koellensteinia lineata (Barb.Rodr.) Garay (1973: 52) . Type:—BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimar"es [“Chapada de Matto Grosso”], Cap"o Seco, June 1897, Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (type J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium†; the lectotype, designated here, is the illustration of the same specimen published in the protologue: Barbosa Rodrigues 1901: t. 6, fig. B!), syn. nov.</p><p>Aganisia boliviensis Rolfe ex Rusby in Rusby (1907: 448). Koellensteinia boliviensis (Rolfe ex Rusby) Schlechter (1918b: 32) . Type: — BOLIVIA. S loc., s.d., Bang 2909 (lectotype, designated here, K 588990!, isolectotypes GH 5997!, MO 1183144!, NY 5860!, NY 5861!, US 93932!, US 93933!), syn. nov.</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, eburneus, ivory, due to flower colour.</p><p>Selected material examined:— BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, 17 January 1995, Batista, 481 (CEN). Goiás: Corumbá de Goiás, 17 January 1972, Irwin et al. 34388 (AAU, HB, UB, UEC); Formosa, 4 January 2015, Meneguzzo &amp; Meneguzzo 973 (RB). Mato Grosso do Sul: Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, 8 February 1975, Hatschbach et al. 35979 (MBM). Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, 16 January 1933, Barreto 4891 (BHCB, SP); Serra do Itabirito, 9 February 1968, Irwin et al. 19694 (HB, UB).</p><p>Distribution: —Bolivia and west-central and southeastern Brazil: Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais. TDWG code: 83 BOL-OO 84 BZC-DF BZC-GO BZC-MT BZC-MS BZL-MG.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia eburnea differs from K. kellneriana and K. tricolor in its broader leaves (up to 7 cm vs. up to 3 cm), and lip midlobe narrower than length between lateral lobes vs. lip midlobe width equal or subequal to length between lateral lobes. Koellensteinia eburnea is similar to K. ionoptera and different from K. kellneriana and K. tricolor in the petals overlapping with the dorsal sepal.</p><p>Nomenclatural note:— The selected lectotype for Cyrtopodium lineatum is the illustration in the protologue because the original one was not found among the Barbosa Rodrigues manuscripts.</p><p>Taxonomic note:— Apparently Reichenbach (1881b) was the first to identify the central Brazilian specimens this species as Koellensteinia tricolor, as have all subsequent botanists, e.g. Cogniaux (1898a), Hoehne (1953), and Pabst &amp; Dungs (1977). After a critical study of types and collections, it is easy to separate K. eburnea in the Brazilian and Bolivian savannahs from K. tricolor in the Guyana Shield. Foldats (1970) misapplied the name K. eburnea to Venezuelan specimens of K. tricolor .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1543262C5BCCDBA9B721A3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1543261C5BCC8729C0B1E94.text	F10187B5F1543261C5BCC8729C0B1E94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia florida (Rchb. f.) Garay 1973	<div><p>3.4. Koellensteinia florida (Rchb.f.) Garay (1973: 53) .</p><p>Promenaea florida Reichenbach (1863a: 12) . Type:—BRAZIL. S.loc., s.d., Schiller s.n. (lectotype, designated here, W-R 38113!). Fig. 6 D,E</p><p>Koellensteinia altissima Pabst (1962: 45) . Koellensteinia altissima Pabst (1963: 145), nom. illeg. Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Porto Seguro, September 1961, Duarte s.n. (holotype HB 19719!), syn. nov.</p><p>Koellensteinia colnagoi Ruschi (1974: 1) .Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Serra Jarareipe, 14 April 1974, Colnago s.n. (holotype MBML 1996 not found; the lectotype, designated here, is the original illustrations of the same specimen deposited at the library of Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leit"o and published in the protologue by Ruschi 1974: 2–3, t. 1–2), syn. nov.</p><p>Koellensteinia abaëteana Queiroz (1987: 21) . Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Salvador, Dunes of Itapo", near Lake Abaeté, 6 May 1979, Noblick 1298 (holotype ALCB 963!), syn. nov.</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, floridus, covered in flowers.</p><p>Selected material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Camacan, 10 April 1965, Belém &amp; Magalhães 760 (CEPEC, IAN, UB); Ilhéus, 9 November 2014, Meneguzzo et al. 816 (RB). Espírito Santo: Conceiç"o da Barra, 18 September 1999, Fraga 540 (MBML); Linhares, 13 June 1994, Folli 2330 (CVRD, SEL).</p><p>Distribution: —Northestern and southeastern Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo. TDWG code: 84 BZE-BA BZL-ES.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia florida and K. spiralis are closely related species and differ from other species of the genus in being large-sized plants (50–90 cm tall) with short secondary racemes and solitary flowers appearing in sequence. Koellensteinia florida differs from K. spiralis in its upright inflorescence vs. spiral, secondary racemes close to distal part vs. along all of it with a lip with lateral lobes and midlobe obtuse vs. oblong.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:— At RB there are two sheets of Koellensteinia altissima misidentified as isotypes (RB 118350). They are from the same locality and have same collector as the holotype, but they do not agree with collection date of the protologue and holotype (September 1962 in the protologue vs. October 1963 in the specimens), and in being from a cultivated specimen.</p><p>MBML had a considerable number of specimens that were lost in a flood on 18 December 2000. As the holotype of Koellensteinia colnagoi was neither found in the pressed marterial nor in the spirit collection, it can be considered lost. Therefore, we selected as lectotype a surviving original illustration in the archives of the same institution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1543261C5BCC8729C0B1E94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1573260C5BCCCDB98D71FD8.text	F10187B5F1573260C5BCCCDB98D71FD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia graminea (Lindl.) Reichenbach 1856	<div><p>3.5. Koellensteinia graminea (Lindl.) Reichenbach (1856: 323) .</p><p>Maxillaria graminea Lindley (1836: sub t. 1802). Promenaea graminea (Lindl.) Lindley (1843a: misc. 13). Aganisia graminea (Lindl.) Bentham (1881: 321), nom. illeg. Aganisia graminea (Lindl.) Brown (1882: 866) . Aganisia graminea (Lindl.) Nicholson (1884: 35), nom. illeg. Type:—GUYANA. Demerara: S. loc., January 1835, Lowe sub Messers. Loddiges s.n. (lectotype, designated here, K-L 867170!, isolectotype W-R 38116 only fragment in packet on right!). Fig. 6 B</p><p>Koellensteinia elegantula Schlechter (1920: 161) . Type:—COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca: River Dagua, Forest of Poreto, 1877, Lehmann 8153 (neotype, designated here, NY 1546483!, isoneotype AMES 14655!). The original type was destroyed: COLOMBIA. Cauca: S. loc., s.d., M. Madero s.n. (type B†). syn. nov.</p><p>Koellensteinia graminoides Bennett &amp; Christenson (1994: 37) . Type: — PERU. Loreto. Iquitos, May 1965, Bennett 1483 (holotype USM), syn. nov.</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, gramineus, with leaves shaped like a grass.</p><p>Selected material examined:— BRAZIL. Amapá: Icomi, 1 September 1961, s. leg. 50637 (IAN). Amazonas: Upper Rio Negro basin, Rio Dimiti, 12 May 1948, Schultes &amp; López 9911 (AMES, HB, IAN). Bahia: Porto Seguro, 6 April 1994, Carvalho et al. 4497 (CEPEC, G, NY). Pará: Moju, 22 March 1976, Bouças &amp; Monteiro 18 (HB, IAN, SP). COLOMBIA.Amazonas: Trapecio Amazónico, 28 January 1969, Plowman et al. 2381 (AMES). Bolívar: 28 December 1983, Juncosa 1120 (NY). Chocó: Andagoya, 17 January 1970, Lutz &amp; Nelson s.n. (R). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: Eloy Alfaro, 6 September 1993, Palácios &amp; Tirano, 11182 (AAU, NY). Napo: Coca, 23 March 1978, Jaramillo 159 (NY). Pastaza: Montalvo, 17 April 1979, Løjtnant &amp; Molau 13500 (AAU). Sucumbios: Estación Científica Cuyabeno. 15 July 1992, J. Jaramillo 14815 (NY). Reserva Faunistica Cuyabeno, 11 March 1990, Balslev et al. 97228 (AAU, NY); Sacha Lodge, 5 June 1995, Clark et al. 1205 (NY). FRENCH GUIANA. Mont Chauve: 14 April 1997, Cremers &amp; Crozier 14973 (NY). GUYANA. Assakatta: 18 September 1923, de la Cruz 4275 (NY). Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Meamu Creek, 14 March 2007, Redden 5639 (NY). Mahaica-Berbice: Barabara, 23 August 1921, de la Cruz 1033 (NY). Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Acarai Mountains, 12 March 1994, Henkel 5142 (NY). PERU. Loreto: Maynas, Distrito Iquitos, Río Nanay, 30 March 1976, Revilla 456 (AAU, NY). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Paria Road, 15 January 1955, Herklots s.n. (AMES). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro Aracamuni, 23 July 1959, Wurdack &amp; Adderley 43595 (AMES, IAN). Bolívar: Raúl Leoni, 29 November 2005, Diaz 7980 (VEN).</p><p>Distribution:— Trinidad and Tobago, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Brazil: Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Pará. TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO VEN-OO 83 CLM-OO ECU-OO PER-OO 84 BZE-BA BZN-AM BZN-AP BZN-PA.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia graminea differs from other species of the genus in being small (up to 40 cm tall) with grass-like leaves (up to 0.5 cm wide) and an inflorescence always shorter than the leaves.</p><p>Nomenclatural note:— Some researchers argued (e.g. Königer 2004, 2005, 2007, Buzatto et al. 2011) that Schlechter’s posthumous illustrations published by Mansfeld (1923 –1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934) are elective types for the specimens lost at B. There is no indication in any part of Mansfeld’s texts that these reproductions were based on original material used by Schlechter to describe the new taxa (as defined by McNeill et al. 2012: art. 9.3) or any additional material studied after their publication (pers. comm. K.N. Gandhi and E. Hágsater). Assumptions about the type nature of these illustrations are speculation, and so lectotypifications are to be considered invalid, although could they assist in understanding Schlechter’s species concepts and also be a helpful guide for selection of a neotype. A herbarium specimen is selected as neotype for K. elegantula even though Mansfeld (1929: t. 57, n. 220) published an illustration regarded to be the same species.</p><p>Taxonomic note:— From our analysis of the illustration of Koellensteinia graminoides we concluded that it does not differ from K. graminea except in the slightly smaller lateral lobes. It was not possible to find other specimens with this character, and we agree with the statement by authors in the protologue that it could simply be a variant of K. graminea, and so we consider this name to be a synonym.</p><p>Common name:— Maak ‘arah ‘why (Guyana, kapóng, akawaian dialect, Edwards 1248), is a common name reported for first time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1573260C5BCCCDB98D71FD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1563260C5BCCC1799A81CF0.text	F10187B5F1563260C5BCCC1799A81CF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia hyacinthoides Schlechter 1925	<div><p>3.6. Koellensteinia hyacinthoides Schlechter (1925: 126) .</p><p>Type:—BRAZIL. Amazonas: S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, Taracuá, River Uaupés, 12 April 1975, Nascimento, Pires &amp; Coradin 102 (neotype, designated here, HB 66673!, isoneotypes HB 66412!, IAN 148213!, INPA 53723!, MG 53723!, RB 173722!). The original type was destroyed: BRAZIL. Amazonas: S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, Taracuá, River Uaupés, March 1924, Hübner 183 (type B†). Fig. 6 C</p><p>Etymology:— From Greek, uάκινθος, and the suffix -οειδης, similar to, in reference light yellow flowers like some cultivars of Hyacinthus .</p><p>Selected material examined:— BRAZIL.Amazonas: S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, 16 March 1975, Pires &amp; Marinho 15874 (IAN). COLOMBIA. Guainía: Maimachi, 2 April 1993, Madriñán &amp; Barbosa 847 (GH). GUYANA. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Komo Creek, December 1948, Forest Department WB 639 (K). SURINAME. Nassau: 11 March 1949, Lanjouw &amp; Lindman 2620 (U). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro Yapacana, 7 May 1979, Steyermark &amp; Bunting 103203 (AMES).</p><p>Distribution:— French Guyana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia and northern Brazil:Amazonas.TDWG code: 82 GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 83 CLM-OO 84 BZN-AM.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia hyacinthoides is characterized by its medium-sized plants (40–60 cm tall), and differs of K. carraoënsis by an inflorescence shorter than half the length of the leaf blade and arched vs. subequal in size of leaf blade and erect, flowers yellow vs. whitish to yellow, petals with distal margin slightly entire vs. erose, lip lateral lobes with margin erose vs. entire, lip midlobe longer than lateral lobes vs. shorter, and lateral lobes of clinandrium not extending beyond midlobe vs. extending.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:—A neotype was chosen for Koellensteinia hyacinthoides because the type specimen was destroyed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1563260C5BCCC1799A81CF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1563260C5BCC93E9CF51979.text	F10187B5F1563260C5BCC93E9CF51979.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia ionoptera Linden & Rchb.	<div><p>3.7. Koellensteinia ionoptera Linden &amp; Rchb. f. in Reichenbach (1885b: 1451).</p><p>Aganisia ionoptera (Linden &amp; Rchb. f.) Brown (1882: 266) . Aganisia ionoptera (Linden &amp; Rchb.f.) Nicholson (1885: 35), nom. illeg. Aganisia ionoptera (Linden &amp; Rchb.f.) Rolfe (1891: 97), nom. illeg.. Paradisanthus ionopterus (Linden &amp; Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1914: 419) . Type:—Peru. Moyobamba: S. loc., ex hort., s.d., Wallis sub Linden s.n. (lectotype, designated here, W-R 38112, only the two inflorescences on the right!)</p><p>Koellensteinia peruviana Schlechter (1918b: 28) . Type:—Peru. Loreto: Puerto Canela [?], March 1903, Ule 6691 (lectotype, designated here, HBG s.n.!, type B†, Field Museum negative number 18351!), syn. nov.</p><p>Etymology:— From Greek, ιόν-, violet, and πτέρυξ, flower, due to its violet spotted flowers</p><p>Selected material examined:— PERU. Moyobamba: Jesús del Monte, August 1938, Haudemen s.n. (K). Ocaña: Teta, 1906, Lehmann BI 112 (K).</p><p>Distribution:— Colombia. TDWG code: 83 PER-OO.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia ionoptera differs from the other species in its purplish flowers with the width of the lip midlobe equal or subequal to the length between lateral lobes.</p><p>Taxonomic note: —Schweinfurth (1952) mistakenly considered Koellensteinia peruviana a synonym of K. eburnea, possibly due to Cogniaux’s misidentification (as Cyrtopodium eburneum) on the type of K. peruviana at B.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1563260C5BCC93E9CF51979	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1563267C5BCCBB69AB81E68.text	F10187B5F1563267C5BCCBB69AB81E68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia kellneriana Reichenbach 1854	<div><p>3.8. Koellensteinia kellneriana Reichenbach (1854: 17) .</p><p>Aganisia kellneriana (Rchb.f.) Bentham ex Hooker in Hooker (1892: t. 7270). Warrea graveolens Hort. Type:—VENEZUELA. Trujillo: [“Truxillo”], S.loc., December 1850, Wagener s.n. (lectotype, designated by Foldats (1970: 252), W-R 38125 icon!)</p><p>Koellensteinia lurida Warszcewicz, in sched. Original material:— S.loc., ex hort., s.d., Warszcewicz 203 (W-R 38124!).</p><p>Etymology:— From the first name of the same person honoured for the genus, Kellner Köllenstein.</p><p>Selected material examined:— BRAZIL. Roraima: Serra dos Surucucus, 14 February 1969, Prance et al. 9880 (HB, INPA). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Corrego Barbosa, Ospina H. 602 (HPUJ). Cauca: La Teta, November 1902, Lehmann BT 112 (GH, K, NY). FRENCH GUIANA. Mont Chauve, 11 April 1997, Cremers &amp; Crozier 14853 (NY). Cayenne. Saint-Georges: 21 March 1976, Sastre 4486 (HB). Potaro-Siparuni: Pakaraima Mountains, 3 February 1993, Henkel et al. 1160 (NY). GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Utsche, 22 May 1990, McDowell &amp; Gopaul 2727 (COL). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Roscio, 27 June 1983, Huber &amp; Alarcon 7709 (VEN).</p><p>Distribution:— Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia and northern Brazil: Roraima. TDWG code: 82 FRG-OO GUY-OO VEN-OO 83 CLM-OO 84 BZN-RR.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia kellneriana differs from K. eburnea and K. tricolor in its green flowers with lateral lobes of the lip overlapping the midlobe when the lip is extended.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1563267C5BCCBB69AB81E68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1513267C5BCCC869B4D1D88.text	F10187B5F1513267C5BCCC869B4D1D88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia lilijae Foldats 1961	<div><p>3.9. Koellensteinia lilijae Foldats (1961: 263) .</p><p>Type:—VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Laja Cabezón, Río Cabezón, close to mouth of Río Atabapo, 11 November 1960, Foldats 3899 (holotype VEN)</p><p>Etymology:— Named after Lilijae Foldats, wife of the Venezuelan orchidologist Ernest Foldats.</p><p>Distribution:— Venezuela. TDWG code: 82 VEN-OO.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Differs from the other species by reduced lateral lobes (width two times smaller than midlobe length) and trilobed callus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1513267C5BCCC869B4D1D88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1513267C5BCCFA69DAE1B80.text	F10187B5F1513267C5BCCFA69DAE1B80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia spiralis Gomes Ferreira & L. C. Menezes 1997	<div><p>3.10. Koellensteinia spiralis Gomes Ferreira &amp; Menezes (1997a: 87) .</p><p>Koellensteinia spiralis Gomes Ferreira &amp; Menezes (1997b: 258), nom. illeg. Koellensteinia spiralis Gomes Ferreira &amp; Menezes (1998: 114), nom. illeg. Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Feira de Santana, ex hort., March 1987, Silva s.n. (holotype UFP 17576!)</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, spiralis, helicoidal, in reference to the spiralled inflorescence.</p><p>Selected examined materials:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Entre Rios, 17 September 2009, Roque et al. 2248 (ALCB); 3 July 2010, Roque et al. 2844 (ALCB); 23 December 2012, Popovkin 1322 (HUEFS); 3 June 2013, Popovkin 1452 (HUEFS).</p><p>Distribution:— Northeastern Brazil: Bahia. TDWG code: 84 BZE-BA.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia florida and K. spiralis are closely related species and differ from other species of the genus in being large-sized plants (50–90 cm tall) with short secondary racemes and solitary flowers appearing in sequence. Koellensteinia spiralis differs from K. florida in its spiral inflorescence vs. upright, secondary racemes along all distal part vs. close to it with a lip with lateral lobes and midlobe oblong vs. obtuse.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1513267C5BCCFA69DAE1B80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1513267C5BCC9AE9C521728.text	F10187B5F1513267C5BCC9AE9C521728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koellensteinia tricolor (Lindl.) Reichenbach 1863	<div><p>3.11. Koellensteinia tricolor (Lindl.) Reichenbach (1863b) .</p><p>Zygopetalum tricolor Lindley (1846: sub t. 64). Warrea cinerea Lindley ex Bentham in Bentham (1881: 321), nom. illeg. Type:—GUYANA. S. loc., ex hort., s.d., Schomburgk sub Loddiges 931 (lectotype, here designated, K-L 857171!). Fig. 6 H</p><p>Koellensteinia roraimae Schlechter (1918b: 29) . Type: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Monte Roraima, December 1909, Ule 8582 (type B†, lectotype, here designated, MG 13636!), syn. nov.</p><p>Etymology:— From the Latin prefix tri-, three, and color, color, in reference to flower colour pattern.</p><p>Selected material examined:— BELIZE. Cayo: Mountain Pine Ridge, 3 August 1980, Adams 249 (K). BRAZIL. Roraima:Amarají, Serra do Tepequén, 12 May 2013, Pessoa 1152 (RB). GUYANA. Potaro-Siparuni: Pakaraima Mots, 22 February 1999, Henkel et al. 1591 (GH). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Parque Nacional Canaima, 19 March 1993, Ramirez 3567 (VEN).</p><p>Distribution:— Belize, Guyana, Venezuela and northern Brazil: Roraima. TDWG code: 80 BLZ-OO 82 FRG-OO VEN-OO 84 BZN-RR.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Koellensteinia tricolor is similar to K. kellneriana and different from K. eburnea in its midlobe of the lip longer than the length between lateral lobes vs. lip midlobe width equal or subequal to the length between lateral lobes.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:— There has been historical misuse of Warrea cinerea . Bentham (1881) published it as a superfluous name under Zygopetalum tricolor and attributed its authorship to Lindley. He also stated that the name should be combined under Aganisia, but failed by not linking the specific epithet to the genus (McNeill et al. 2012: art. 35.2). Bentham &amp; Hooker (1883) miss-credited the protologue of W. cyanea to W. cinerea, and most authors after that reproduced this mistake. Romero-Gonzaléz (2005) reported this problem, and here we add that W. cinerea has also been cited as a synonym of Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. because Jackson (1895) considered Koellensteinia a synonym of Aganisia and so confused K. tricolor with A. tricolor .</p><p>The selected lectotype of Koellensteinia roraimae is the only remaining duplicate of this material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1513267C5BCC9AE9C521728	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1503266C5BCCDBA9CFE1982.text	F10187B5F1503266C5BCCDBA9CFE1982.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otostylis Schlechter 1918	<div><p>4. Otostylis Schlechter (1918b: 38) .</p><p>Type (designated by Senghas &amp; Gerlach 1993b: 1698): — Aganisia lepida Linden &amp; Rchb. f. in Reichenbach (1869: 15).</p><p>Etymology:— From Greek, αυτί, ear and στήλη, column, due to the column with conspicuous stigmatic wings.</p><p>Terrestrial herbs with sympodial growth, caespitose. Roots thick, spongy. Flowering pseudobulb inconspicuous, homoblastic, orbicular in transverse section; cataphylls in the base, leafy, non-scarious, articulate. Leaves 2–4 per pseudobulb, petiole conduplicate, distinct from blade, margin hyaline; blade articulate, plicate, linear to lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acute, abaxial face with 3 primary nerves. Inflorescence racemose, rarely doubly racemose, erect, pedunculate, axillary to inner cataphyll, rachis lax, blooming acropetally; bracts adpressed, lanceolate to deltoid; bracteole 1, shorter than the ovary. Flowers resupinate, pedicellate. Sepals free, elliptic, the lateral ones adnate to column foot and oblique. Petals free, elliptic, narrowly elliptic or obovate, rare oblique. Lip free, motile, trilobed, unguiculate, convex; lateral lobes strongly reduced, deltoid; midlobe orbicular or elliptic, base unguiculate, apex rounded, obtuse or truncate, constricted or not in the base portion; centre of lip with a hippocrepiform callus, tuberculate or composed of digiform processes, apex emarginate or tricuspidate. Column semi-clavate, column foot shorter than the column, apex with trapezoid to oblong conspicuous stigmatic wings; anther incumbent, clinandrium not projecting over the anther, margin entire, external face of anther cap bilobed, apex obtuse-denticulate, inner face bilocular; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, juxtaposed, oblong-ellipsoid, laterally compressed, unequal in size and shape, tegula oblong-elliptic, caudicle amorphous, sticky, viscidium oblong-elliptic; stigma transverse; rostellum trilobed, midlobe narrowly triangular, lateral lobes reduced, margin concave, lateral lobes reduced, not exceeding the stigma; rostellum remnant trilobed, midlobe acute and unequal to the lateral ones, laterals truncate. Capsules fusiform, 6-carinate, surface smooth; seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— The genus has a similar distribution to that of Aganisia: Trinidad, northern and western South America, Amazon and Solimies Basins, Guyana and Guaporé Shields, but not southern Bahia. Otostylis alba is restricted to the area around Mount Roraima in the Guyana-Venezuelan border, in boggy grassy fields on the edge of moist forests, 900–1,200 m. Otostylis brachystalix is widespread and found near streams, frequently associated with boggy and sandy soils with accumulation of organic matter, in grassy vegetation with the palm Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus (1782: 454) . In Brazil it grows in biome Amazônia in campinarana and buritizal, which are called in Venezuela morichal; in biome Cerrado in vereda, from sea level to 600 m (all in boggy, grassy fields). TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 83 CLM-OO PER-OO 84 BZC-MT BZN-AM BZN-PA BZN-RO.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— The genus is distinguished by its medium-sized plants (35–75 cm tall) with caespitose, not rhizomatous, inconspicuous pseudobulbs covered by leafy, articulate, and non-scarious cathaphylls, articulate leaves, petiole with hyaline margin, plicate blade, inflorescence longer than the leaves, lax rachis, medium-sized flowers (sepals up to 1.5 cm long), free sepals, lip entire, constricted in medium of proximal portion, base cordate, callus hippocrepiform with tuberculate or digiform processes, and column with conspicuous stigmatic wings.</p><p>Nomenclatural note:— Alrich &amp; Higgins (2011) stated that Pupulin et al. (2009b: 515) selected Zygopetalum brachystalix as the type of the genus. However, it cannot be considered an effective typification because it was not made in an explicit way (McNeill et al. 2012: art. 7.10), and the type designation was only made in a definitive manner by Senghas &amp; Gerlach (1993b).</p><p>Key to the species of Otostylis</p><p>1 Lip callus composed of digiform processes, apex emarginate; column length ½ of the lip length.......................................... O. alba</p><p>- Lip callus composed of tuberculate processes, apex tricuspidate; column length ⅓ of lip length.............................. O. brachystalix</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1503266C5BCCDBA9CFE1982	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F1503264C5BCCBAF9C341E04.text	F10187B5F1503264C5BCCBAF9C341E04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otostylis alba (Ridl.) Summerhayes 1951	<div><p>4.1. Otostylis alba (Ridl.) Summerhayes (1951: 293) .</p><p>Aganisia alba Ridl. in im Thurn (1886: 204). Zygopetalum venustum Ridl. in Oliver (1887: 283), nom. illeg. Aganisia venusta (Ridl.) Rolfe ex Hook. f. in Hooker (1892: sub t. 7270), nom. illeg. Warreella venusta (Ridl.) Schlechter (1914: 425), nom. illeg. Koellensteinia alba (Ridl.) Schlechter (1915: 32) . Otostylis venusta (Ridl.) Schlechter (1918b: 41), nom. illeg. Type: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Roraima Mount, River Kukenán [“Kookenaam”], August 1884, im Thurn 360 (lectotype, designated by Romero-González &amp; Meneguzzo (2012: 236), K 589020!, isolectotypes BR 13052539 fragment!, K 588991!). Fig. 7 A, 8A–C</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, albus, whitish, in relation to flower colour.</p><p>Terrestrial herb with pseudobulbs 1.5–2.0 × 1.0–1.5 cm, fusiform. Leaves 2–3; petiole 7.0–13.5 cm long; blade (15.0–)17.0–52.0 × (1.2–)3.5–4.5 cm, lanceolate, rarely linear. Inflorescences 61–77 cm long, (7–)12–18 flowered, racemose; peduncle 56–65 cm long; rachis 5.5–13 cm long. Pedicellate ovary 0.8–1.5 cm long; sepals and petals white, lip white with yellow disc. Sepals 1.1–1.5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, elliptic, base cuneate, dorsal with acute apex, the laterals oblique with an obtuse apex. Petals 1.0–1.4 × 0.5–0.8 cm, slightly oblique, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, base cuneate, apex obtuse-apiculate. Lip with lateral lobes 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 cm, deltoid; midlobe 0.8–1.0 × 0.8–1.1 cm, elliptic, apex truncate to rounded, proximal part constricted, callus hippocrepiform with an emarginate apex composed of digiform processes. Column 0.6 × 0.3 cm, ½ lip length, semi-clavate. Capsules not seen.</p><p>Material examined:— GUYANA. S.loc., s.d., im Thurn 126 (K). Barima-Waini: Waini River, s.d., Hohenkerk 619 (K). Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Maipuri Falls, Karowrieng River, 16 December 1989, Gillespie &amp; Smart 2702 (U). Upper Mazaruni, 11 January 1985, Renz 14076 (RENZ). Potaro-Siparuni: Mount Ayanganna, 5 February 1955, Maguire et al. 40569 (K). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Antures, Morichal, 30 June 1988, Carnevali F.C. et al. 2663 (VEN).</p><p>Distribution:— Guiana and Venezuela. TDWG code: 82 GUY-OO VEN-OO.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Differs from O. brachystalix by its lanceolate leaves with a rarely linear lip callus composed of digiform processes and the apex emarginate, and column with half lip length.</p><p>Note:— An extensive account for Otostylis alba was included in Romero-González &amp; Meneguzzo (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F1503264C5BCCBAF9C341E04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F152326AC5BCCC2A9D521DD0.text	F10187B5F152326AC5BCCC2A9D521DD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otostylis brachystalix (Rchb. f.) Schlechter 1918	<div><p>4.2. Otostylis brachystalix (Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1918b: 40) .</p><p>Zygopetalum brachystalix Reichenbach (1863b: 660) . Aganisia brachystalix (Rchb.f.) Rolfe (1914: 200) . Koellensteinia brachystalix (Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1915: 32) . Type: — [TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO.] Trinidad: Tanapuna-Piarco, Aripo Savannah, 8 July 1848, Crüger s.n. (lectotype, designated here, K 58992!); 8 July 1848, Crüger s.n. (remaining original material W-R 33737 icon!). Fig. 7 B, 8D–E Aganisia lepida Linden &amp; Rchb. f. in Reichenbach (1869: 15). Otostylis lepida (Linden &amp; Rchb.f.) Schlechter (1918b: 40) . Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: River Negro, ex hort., 1866, Wallis sub Linden s.n. (lectotype, here designated, W-R 40597!); Amazonas: River Negro, ex hort., 1866, Wallis sub Linden s.n. (remaining original material W-R icon 40622!), syn. nov.</p><p>Cyrtopodium grisebachii Rolfe in Patter (1895: 276). Type:—TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Tanapuna-Piarco: Aripo, 12 May 1895, Patter s.n. (lectotype, designated here, K 880369!); I 1893, Alexander 5700 (remaining syntype K 588993!). syn. nov.</p><p>Zygopetalum paludosum Cogniaux in Hoehne (1912: 12). Otostylis paludosa (Cogn.) Schlechter (1918c: 214) . Type:—BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: High River Juruena, Juruena telegraph station, May 1909, Hoehne sub Commissão Rondon 2013 (lectotype, designated here, BR 6497200!), Alto Rio Juruena, Estaç"o Telegráfica Juruena, June 1909, Hoehne sub Commissão Rondon 2000 (remaining syntype R 3053!). syn. nov.</p><p>Etymology:— From Greek, βραχύς, short and στήλη, column, for the short column.</p><p>Herb terrestrial. Pseudobulbs 1.3–2 × 0.8–1.2 cm, fusiform. Leaves 2–3, petiole 4–11 cm long; blade 4.5–75 × 0.8–2.0 cm, linear. Inflorescence racemose, rare doubly racemose, 7–18 flowers, 49–72 cm long; peduncle 46–57 cm long; rachis 9–15 cm long. Pedicellate ovary 0.8–1.5 cm long. Sepals and petals white, lip white with yellow disc. Sepals 1.2–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 cm, elliptic, the lateral ones oblique, base cuneate apex oblique. Petals 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.5 cm, narrowly elliptic, rarely obovate, base cuneate, slightly constricted apically, apex obtuse-acuminate. Lip with lateral lobes 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 cm, deltoid; midlobe 0.6–0.7 × 0.5–0.6 cm, obovate, base cordate, apex rounded, callus hippocrepiform, tuberculate, apex tricuspidate. Column 0.3–0.4 × ca. 0.2 cm, ⅓ lip length, semi-clavate. Capsules 1.2–1.5 × 0.4–0.5 cm, fusiform.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: S"o Gabriel da Cachoeira, 17 November 1928, Luetzelburg 23189 (M). Mato Grosso: Campo Novo dos Parecis, 23 August 1996, Godinho &amp; Macedo s.n. (CEN, UFMT); Juína, 12 July 1977, Oliveira 29 (RB); Novo Mundo, 26 August 2008, Sasaki et al. 2414 (HERBAM); 9 February 2008, Zappi et al. 1158 (HERBAM). Pará: Serra do Cachimbo, 14 December 1956, Pires et al. 6241 (IAN); 26 September 1957, Pires 6605 (IAN); 14 January 1959, Pires 7152 (IAN); 20 March 1959, Pires 7162 (IAN); 22 August 1958, Pires 7203 (IAN, SPF). Roraima: Caracaraí, 10 October 2011, Pessoa et al. 738 (INPA); Pacaraima, 26 June 1999, Silva 814 (MG). COLOMBIA. Meta: 70 km S of Orocué, 22 April 1939, Haught 2783 (AMES, COL, MO, RB). GUYANA. Barima-Waini: Arukumai Creek, 19 January 1978, Grewal &amp; Persaund 508 (U). Cuyuni-Mazaruni: west brach of Eping river, 7 February 1991, McDowell &amp; Stobey 3922 (K). Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Guuns, 28 September 1989, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 1875 (K, MO, P, U). PERU. Madre de Díos: Tambopata. Puerto Maldonado, 10 May 2009, Balarezo et al. 2556 (BRIT). SURINAME. Sipaliwini: 4 September 1966, van Donselaar 3690 (U); 22 January 1969, Oldenburger et al. 957 (K). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Tanapuna-Piarco, Savana de Aripo, 27 July 1943, Beard 141 (AMES, K, U); 14 April 1921, Britton &amp; Britton, 2933 (K); 16 April 1908, Broadway 2336 (K); 2 February 1911, Broadway 4115 (K); 26 April 1924, Broadway 5284 (U); 15 July 1963, Jermy 2286 (K); 4 February 1959, Richardson 540 (K). VENEZUELA. Apure: Pedro Camejo, 28 February 1978, Davidse &amp; González 14615 (HB, MO, VEN). Bolívar: Cerro Venamo, 9 January 1964, Steyermark et al. 92884 (AMES, F); Río Cuyuni, 26 December 1974, Steyermark &amp; Dunsterville 104535 (K); Ilu-tepui, 10 February 1952, Maguire 33283 (K).</p><p>Distribution:— Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and northern and west-central Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima. TDWG code: 81 TRT-OO 82 GUY-OO SUR-OO VEN-OO 83 CLM-OO PER-OO 84 BZC-MT BZN-AM BZN-PA BZN-RO.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— Differs from Otostylis alba in its linear leaves with a lip callus composed of tuberculate processes with the apex tricuspidate and column one third of the lip length.</p><p>Taxonomic note:— Romero-González &amp; Meneguzzo (2012) noted that callus details used as diagnostic features on Otostylis species delimitation (i.e. Schlechter 1818b, Chocce et al. 2004) are frequently misinterpreted due to deformation caused by the drying process. The study of carefully hydrated flowers, pictures and living specimens let us conclude that Otostylis brachystalix is the only species from the Guaporé and Guianas Shields.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes:— Rolfe (1914) was in doubt about the type of Zygopetalum brachystalix, whether it was the specimen collected in Trinidad by Purdie (here identified as K 880370 and P 447798) or Crüger (K 58992), both in the same area because Reichenbach (1863b) only cited “Ins. Trinitatis” in the protologue. In a specimen from the Reichenbach herbarium (W-R 33737), there is an illustration noted as “Sav Aripo 1847; Trinit Crueger”, which agrees except for the date, but it must be the same specimen as deposited at K. We consider the illustration as part of the original material (McNeill et al. 2012: art. 9.3) and Crüger’s collection as the most appropriate lectotype.</p><p>At W-R there are two sheets related to Aganisia lepida: one an illustration (W-R 40662) and the other with two illustrations and a specimen (W-R 40597). All dates agree with the protologue, but the year is one year after the one in the prolologue (1865 vs. 1866). We chose the herbarium specimen W-R 40597 as lectotype.</p><p>The lectotype for Cyrtopodium grisebachii was chosen from among the two specimens deposited at K before the protologue and identified by Rolfe.</p><p>There are two specimens of Zygopetalum paludosum deposited at R under sheet number 3053 with the same providence (Brazil. Mato Grosso: Alto Rio Juruena), but two different collection dates and collection numbers (May 1909, Hoehne sub Commiss"o Ron don 1914; June 1909, Hoehne sub Commissão Rondon 2000). The first specimen is not a syntype because it was not cited in the protologue. The specimen deposited at BR was chosen as lectotype because it is a complete specimen and was cited by Cogniaux in the protologue.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F152326AC5BCCC2A9D521DD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F15C326AC5BCCFE69D081823.text	F10187B5F15C326AC5BCCFE69D081823.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradisanthus Reichenbach 1852	<div><p>5. Paradisanthus Reichenbach (1852b: 930) .</p><p>Type: — Paradisanthus bahiensis Reichenbach (1852b: 930)</p><p>Etymology:— From the Greek, παράδεισος, paradise, garden, and άνθος, flower, for its beautiful flowers.</p><p>Terrestrial herbs, rarely rupiculous, with sympodial growth, caespitose. Roots thick, spongy. Flowering pseudobulb inconspicuous, homoblastic, ovoid, orbicular in transverse section; cataphylls in the base, non-leafy, non-scarious, non-articulate. Leaves 2–4 per pseudobulb; petiole conduplicate, distinct from blade, margin non-hyaline, articulate blade, plicate, narrow-ovate, narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, rarely linear, base attenuate, apex acute, abaxial face with 5 prominent nerves. Inflorescences racemose or doubly racemose, lateral, axillary to inner cataphylls, erect, pedunculate, longer than the plant, rachis lax, blooming acropetally; bracts lanceolate, adpressed; bracteole 1, shorter than the ovary. Flowers resupinate. Sepals with the dorsal free, the laterals adnate to column feet and oblique, narrowly elliptic. Petals free, narrowly elliptic to oblong. Lip free, motile, trilobed, unguiculate; lateral lobes much smaller, semielliptic, callus semi-conic, retrorse, margin entire to crenulate, proximal margin with 5–7 conic fimbriae, proximal and distal parts carenate, irregularly crenate; midlobe obtrapezoid with constricted proximal part, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, proximal margin concave, distal part convex. Column semi-terete, column foot shorter than the column, apex with conspicuous triangular stigmatic wings; anther incumbent, clinandrium not projecting over the anther, margin entire, external face of anther cap bilobed, apex obtuse-denticulate, inner face bilocular; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, juxtaposed, oblong-ovoid, laterally compressed, unequal in size and shape, tegula transverse-elliptic, caudicle amorphous, sticky, viscidium transverse-rhombic; stigma transverse; rostellum 1-lobed and triangular, not exceeding the stigma, rostellum remnant unlobed, concave. Capsules fusiform, 6-carinate, smooth surface; seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— This monospecific genus occurs along coastal northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, from sea level to 1,000 m, in biome Floresta Atlântica, vegetation type floresta ombrófila (rainforest) and restinga (sedimentary coastal shrub field and forest) in the northeast and southeast, and floresta estacional semidecidual (semideciduous forest) in the south. There is also a disjunction to inland Brazil, Chapada Diamantina, in biome Caatinga, vegetation type floresta ciliar (riparian forest). TDWG code: 84 BZE-BA BZL-ES BZL-RJ BZL-SP BZS-PR BZS-SC.</p><p>Diagnostic characters:— The genus is recognized by its intemediate size (20–45 cm tall) with caespitose, inconspicuous pseudobulbs covered by non-leafy, non-articulate and non-scarious cataphylls, articulate plicate leaves, petiole with hyaline margins, inflorescence longer than the leaves, lax rachis, small flowers (sepals up to 1.1 cm), callus semi-conic, retrorse, margin entire to crenulate, proximal margin with 5–7 cone-like fimbriae, proximal and distal parts carenate, irregularly crenate, and column with conspicuous stigmatic wings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F15C326AC5BCCFE69D081823	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F15C326FC5BCCA499D041A85.text	F10187B5F15C326FC5BCCA499D041A85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradisanthus bahiensis Reichenbach 1852	<div><p>5.1. Paradisanthus bahiensis Reichenbach (1852b: 930) .</p><p>Warrea bahiensis Rchb. f., in sched. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia. Valença, road that links Valença to road BR-101, 25 February 1986, Hage, Anderson &amp; Hagberg 1958 (neotype, designated here, MBM 117077!, isoneotypes CEPEC 38252!, K 293788!, VIES 1929!). S. loc., Schiller s.n., (W-R 3325 possible syntype); s. leg. s.n. (W-R 38097 possible syntype); s. leg. s.n., (W-R 38098 possible syntype); s. loc., January 1887 / September 1888, Kramer s.n. (W-R 38118 discarded type of Paradisanthus bahiensis). Fig. 3 F–G, 4D–F, 9. Original type lost: — BRAZIL. Bahia: S. loc., ex hort., s.d., Jenisch sub Kramer s.n. (W-R)</p><p>Zygopetalum micranthum Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 109) . Paradisanthus paranaënsis Barbosa Rodrigues (1882: 215), nom. illeg. Paradisanthus micranthus (Barb.Rodr.) Schlechter (1918b: 36) . Paranaguá, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (syntype J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium†). Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Barra de S"o Jo"o, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (syntype J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium †). Type:—BRAZIL. S.loc., s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (the lectotype, designated here, is the original illustration that was to be published in Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil t. 502, deposited at the library of Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro!, volume 5, of the book with same title and published by Sprunger et al. 1996: 357, t. 232 and 358, t. 233, fig. A). Origiinal type has not been located: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Curitiba, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (syntype J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium†). syn. nov.</p><p>Paradisanthus mosenii Reichenbach (1881a: 298) . Paradisanthus paulensis Barbosa Rodrigues (1882: 215), nom. illeg. Paradisanthus mosenii var. paulensis (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne (1953: 153), nom. illeg. Paradisanthus geraënsis Barb.Rodr., in sched. Type:—BRAZIL. S"o Paulo: Santos, River Burutoca, 10 January 1875, Mosén 3486 (lectotype, designated here, W-R 38119!, isolectotypes BR 658479!, P 447842!, P 447843!, S 7-7768!, S 6-6246 spirit). s. leg. s.n. (discarted type W-R 38118 named by Reichenbach), syn. nov.</p><p>Paradisanthus neglectus Schlechter (1918b: 34) . Type:—BRAZIL. Southern region: S. loc., ex hort., ca. 1901, Grossmann sub Malmquist s.n. (type B†; lectotype, designated here, is the complete illustration of the same specimen published by Schlechter 1918b: 31, t. 3!), syn. nov.</p><p>Koellensteinia espiritosantensis Ruschi (1954: 551) . Paradisanthus espiritosantensis (Ruschi) Ruschi (1964: 1) . Type:—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, Valley of Canaan, 22 April 1951, Ruschi s.n. (holotype MBML 1431 not found; lectotype, designated here, is the original illustration! of the same specimen deposited at the library of Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leit"o and published by Ruschi 1954: 550). S. loc., 10 March 1954, [inferred to be] Ruschi s.n. (MBML 43716 spirit, possible type), syn. nov.</p><p>Paradisanthus mosenii var. virens Ghillány, in sched. Original material: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Una, Farm Santa Rosa, 7 km ENE of S"o José, 27 February 1986, Santos &amp; Judziewicz 4044 (original material CEPEC 39443!, K 293787!, MBM 117076!, RB 554744!, VIES 1931!).</p><p>Etymology:— From Latin, bahiensis, Bahia, at that time a province and now a state.</p><p>Terrestrial herbs with pseudobulbs 0.5–1.4 × 0.5–1.0 cm, ovoid. Leaves 2–4; petiole (3–)5–9 cm long; blade (4.0–)10.0–29.0(–34.0) × (1.0–)2.5–4.0(–6.0) cm. Inflorescences 18–56 cm long, 8–19-flowered; peduncle (5–)16–29 cm long; rachis 5–26 cm long. Flowers with pedicellate ovary 0.5–1.3 cm long; sepals and petals light green, with linear and concentric brown purple maculations in the proximal half, or white to pinkish sepals and petals with same dark red pattern, lip white with purple callus margin. Sepals 0.8–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 cm, narrowly elliptic, base cuneate, apex rounded. Petals 0.6–0.9 × 0.2–0.3 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Lip lateral lobes 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-elliptic with a callus; midlobe 0.3–0.4 × 0.5–0.6 cm, obtrapezoid with constricted proximal part, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, proximal parts concave, distal parts convex. Column 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.2 cm, semiterete. Capsules 1.5–1.8 × 0.4–0.7 cm, fusiform.</p><p>Material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Itapebi, 17 July 2007, van den Berg 1843 (HUEFS); 21 November 2006, Fontana 2516 (RB); Lençóis, 26 April 1995, Ferreira et al. 1824 (CEPEC, K, MBML, SPF); 21 February 1995, Melo et al. 1652 (CEPEC, HRB, K, SPF); Prado, 31 October 2002, Jardim et al. 4037 (HUEFS); Santa Cruz Cabrália, 24 January 1972, Euponino 166 (CEPEC); Una, February 1997, Carvalho et al. 6314 (CEPEC); 25 March 1999, Jardim et al. 2072 (CEPEC); 2 April 1980, Mattos-Silva et al. 741 (CEPEC); 12 May 2000, Mattos-Silva et al. 4108 (CEPEC); Wenceslau Guimar"es, 15 October 2012, Zappi et al. 3432 (RB). Espírito Santo: Águia Branca, 3 April 2007, Demuner et al. 3511 (MBML); Colatina, 17 April 2006, Magnago et al. 808 (MBML); Conceiç"o da Barra, 27 March 1992, Pereira 3235 (VIES); 15 April 1992, Pereira et al. 3290 (VIES); 12 August 1993, Pereira et al. 4828 (VIES); 12 August 1993, Pereira &amp; Gomes 4857 (VIES); Domingos Martins, April 2000, Kautsky s.n. (HEPH). Fund"o, 9 March 2003, Fontana &amp; Sarmento 523 (MBML); 8 February 2007, Fontana &amp; Brahim 2058 (RB); 8 February 2007, Fontana et al. 2828 (MBML). Governador Lindemberg, 23 August 2006, Demuner et al. 2723 (MBML); Linhares, 13 December 1993, Folli 2120 (CVRD); 17 January 1994, Folli 2175 (CVRD, SEL); 4 March 1997, Folli 2945 (CVRD, RB); 25 June 1996, Fraga 317 (MBML); Pedra Azul, 27 February 1974, Kautsky 426 (HB); Santa Leopoldina, 16 February 2006, Demuner et al. 1867 (MBML); Santa Teresa, 26 June 2003, Assis et al. 899 (MBML); 29 April 2005, Fontana et al. 1394 (MBML); 31 March 1999, Kollmann et al. 2325 (MBML); 1 June 2000, Kollmann et al. 2981 (MBML); 30 January 2001, Kollmann 3551 (MBML). S"o Roque do Cana", 14 January 2008, Monteiro et al. 314 (RB). Paraná: s.loc., s.d., Lange sub Dusén 3334 (R); February 1898, Branco CGGSP 3840 (SP); February 1898, Branco CGGSP 3890 (SP); Guaraqueçaba, 4 February 1971, Hatschbach 26253 (HB, K, MBM, NY); 10 February 1972, Hatschbach 29148 (MBM); Guaratuba, 6 January 1960, Leinig 149 (HB); 5 February 1987, Silva 299 (BR, G, HRB, MBM, UPCB); Paranaguá, 9 January 1916, Dusén 17483 (GH, HB, NY); 1 February 1966, Hatschbach 13657 (HB, K, MBM, NY, P, UPCB); 12 February 1981, Hatschbach 43588 (NY, SPF, UEC, UPCB); 7 February 2002, Ribas &amp; Silva 4320 (HB); 12 December 1914, Dusén 16099 (BM, K, L, MBM, P); Ilha do Mel, February 1998, Kersten 278 (UPCB); Ilha do Mel, 18 January 1996, Silva s.n. (NY, UPCB); Piraquara, 18 November 1909, Dusén 8972 (NY). Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio, 28 December 2003, Fernandes et al. 775 (RB). Santa Catarina: Gaspar, 3 March 2000, Carneiro 894 (MBM); Palhoça, Rohr 2058 (HB, RB). S"o Paulo: Campos do Jord"o, 18 January 1975, Mello Filho &amp; Emmerich 5423 (R); Cananéia, 16 April 1985, Cerati &amp; Kirizawa 173 (SP); 22 February 1979, De Grande et al. 245 (SP); s.d., Faria s.n. (UEC); 25 May 1983, Jung-Mendaçolli 567 (SP); 23 February 1989, Mamede &amp; Souza 140 (SP); 23 August 2005, Romanini et al. 224 (SP); 8 January 1999, Sztutman et al. 166 (SPSF); 11 June 1984, Wanderley &amp; Romaniuc Neto 717 (SP); Iguape, 16 August 1990, Rossi 663 (SP); Ilha Comprida, s.d., Belinelo s.n. (UEC); Lagoinha, December 1963, Mee s.n. (SP); Paranapiacaba, 2 January 1919, Hoehne s.n. (SP); Pariquera-Açu, 22 June 1996, van den Berg et al. 184 (ESA); 7 February 1995, Leitão Filho &amp; Rodrigues 32848 (ESA); Peruíbe, 22 October 1966, Dungs s.n. (HB, K); Praia Grande, 15 October 1898, Lˆfgren CGGSP 4044 (SP); Ribeir"o Pires, 2 January 1919, Hoehne 2672 (NY); Santos, July, Lawrence s.n. (K). S"o Paulo, 21 February 1976, Davidse &amp; D’Arcy 10419 (MO, SP); 10 February 1949, Handro 118 (SP, SPF).</p><p>Distribution:— Northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, S"o Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina. TDWG code: 84 BZE-BA BZL-ES BZL-RJ BZL-SP BZS-PR BZS-SC.</p><p>Taxonomic notes:— Many different interpretations were given to the accessory lip structures in species of Paradisanthus . Originally described as unguiculate, erect lateral lobes with a sac between them (Reichenbach 1852b), Pupulin et al. (2009b) described them as unguiculate or sessile with an antrorse callus. We agree with Hoehne (1953), who described it as unguiculate without lateral lobes, but we characterize the callus as semi-conic, retrorse with irregular margins.</p><p>Cogniaux (1898b), Hoehne (1953) and Schlechter (1918b) distinguished the species of Paradisanthus based on leaf width, lip shape, presence of hair on the callus, and callus margin. Pabst &amp; Dungs (1977) apparently also followed the same circumscriptions. However, after examination of the nomenclatural types and many specimens, it was observed that these authors possibly based their concepts on misinterpreted structures repeated in the literature with few specimens personally examined. Variation in leaf width and lip shape and size are not useful for identifying natural taxa because transitional forms are often found. In addition to that, a hairy inner lip surface is present in all specimens.</p><p>The northernmost distribution of species is Bahia, where flowers of most continental (Chapada Diamantina) and coastal specimens (from Valença to Una) are described in herbarium specimens as white to pinkish. However, flowers of a few scattered specimens from coastal regions also are reported to be green. Specimens south of Una always described as green. At this time, we were not able to gather enough field information about distribution of colour patterns within and between populations from Bahia to segregate morphotypes as different taxa. In addition to colour, there is no obvious morphological discontinuity between collections. The selected lectotype of P. bahiensis has white flowers in concordance with the protologue, whereas all other names were described as green.</p><p>Nomenclatural note:— The type of Paradisanthus bahiensis was not found at W-R. In this herbarium, there are three sheets under the same name with original Reichenbach identifications (W-R 3325, 38097, 38098, see additional material examined). There is also a sheet with an original identification by the same, but under P. mosenii (W-R 38118), mounted with an illustration referred as a Kramer specimen, the same type collector of P. bahiensis (W-R 38118). On sheet W-R 38097 there is an illustration by Reichenbach that is dated September 1880, so this illustration cannot be considered part of the lectotype because it is dated after the protologue. W-R 38098 is to be disregarded because it also postdates the protologue. There are fragments of P. mosenii and pseudobulbs and rhizome of an unidentifiable orchid. Due to the impossibility of identifying original material, we were unable to choose a lectotype among these three sheets, so we opted to choose a neotype that is unrelated to them.</p><p>It was observed in original of Paradisanthus mosenii in Mosén’s herbarium at S that specimen numbers refer to a sequence of genera and species, not collection numbers. Thus, different specimens could be placed under the same number. The lectotype of P. mosenii was chosen among distributed duplicates under the number cited in the protologue. It is not possible to confirm that specimen Mosén 3486 (P 447841) is a nomenclatural type because there is no information of its provenance or date. It was obtained from the Glaziou herbarium, identified with unknown handwriting, which was not that of Mosén, Barbosa Rodrigues or Glaziou.</p><p>The holotype of Koellensteinia espiritosantensis was not found at MBML. In the spirit collection there we found a well-preserved specimen identical to the illustration in the protologue, for which morphology agrees with the number and shape of pseudobulbs and leaves and inflorescence branching. There is a new label made after the floods that destroyed part of the herbarium in 2000: “10/03/1954; Koellensteinia espiritosantensis Ruschi ”. Ruschi did not always cite the herbarium in which he deposited his specimens, and there are no data in the spirit specimen that allows it to be inferred as the holotype. Probably there was a mistake when transcribing and distributing the new labels among the broken jars. No record book was found to crosslink the spirit specimen data and protologue. Because of this, we choose the original illustration as lectotype.</p><p>For first time Paradisanthus mosenii var. virens is registered as a name in scheda.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F15C326FC5BCCA499D041A85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F159326FC5BCCB2D9B7B1892.text	F10187B5F159326FC5BCCB2D9B7B1892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtopodium album Barbosa Rodrigues 1891	<div><p>1. Cyrtopodium album Barbosa Rodrigues (1891: 127), nom. dub.</p><p>Type: — unknown</p><p>The only original material available for this species is a description included in a key to Cyrtopodium Brown in Aiton (1813: 216): “ [Sectio] Microbulbosae; β foliis solitariis v. geminis coriaceis nervatis ”. Apparently, Cogniaux (1898a) was the first to synonymize C. album under C. eburneum, basionym of Koellensteinia here. Cogniaux’s concept appears to be followed without a deeper critical analysis by other botanists, e.g. Hoehne (1945), Foldats (1970), Pabst &amp; Dungs (1977), Sprunger et al. (1996) and Romero-González et al. (2008). The description is insufficient to characterize the name as either a good name for a species or as a synonym, and so it is here classified as a doubtful name. It could be better understood if additional original material was one day found, which is unlikely due to the turbulent history of Barbosa Rodrigues’ original material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F159326FC5BCCB2D9B7B1892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F159326EC5BCCAD99A641E4E.text	F10187B5F159326EC5BCCAD99A641E4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtopodium broadwayi Ames 1922	<div><p>2. Cyrtopodium broadwayi Ames (1922: 51), auct. nom.</p><p>Type: — TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Tanapuna Piarco, Aripo Savannah, 16 April 1908, Broadway 2343 (holotype AMES 66996, isotypes MO 1197930!, SEL 12231!)</p><p>= Cyrtopodium parviflorum Lindley in Bentham (1843: 672). Type—GUYANA. S.loc., 1839, Schomburgk 617 (lectotype, designated here, K-L!, isolectotypes BM 525879!, BM 923799!, BR 9973220!, G 168578!, G 167579!, G 167580!, P 436943!, W-R 27656).</p><p>This name was misapplied by O. Ames for specimens of Otostylis brachystalix and Cyrtopodium parviflorum from Trinidad, especially the collection series made by Broadway.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F159326EC5BCCAD99A641E4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F158326EC5BCCFA19AA61C39.text	F10187B5F158326EC5BCCFA19AA61C39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) G. Nicholson 1888	<div><p>4. Aganisia cyanea (Lindl.) Nicholson (1888: 487), nom. illeg.</p><p>≐ Warreella cyanea (Lindl.) Schlechter (1914: 425) f. cyanea . Warrea cyanea Lindley (1844: misc. 2). Type: — COLOMBIA [“Columbia”]. S.loc., ex hort., s.d., Messrs. Loddiges 860 (lectotype, designated here, K-L 395582!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F158326EC5BCCFA19AA61C39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F158326EC5BCCE769DEB1CF5.text	F10187B5F158326EC5BCCE769DEB1CF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganisia cyanea var. alba fm. alba (Rchb. f.) Nicholson	<div><p>5. Aganisia cyanea var. alba (Rchb.f.) Nicholson (1888: 487)</p><p>≐ Warreella cyanea f. alba (Rchb.f.) Meneguzzo, comb. nov. Warrea cyanea var. alba Reichenbach (1885a: 692) . Type:— S.loc., ex hort., s.d., Messrs. Veitch &amp; Sons s.n. (lectotype, designated here, W-R 38129, the only specimen in the packet!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F158326EC5BCCE769DEB1CF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F158326EC5BCCC6D9C361D8A.text	F10187B5F158326EC5BCCC6D9C361D8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtopodium cristatum Lindley	<div><p>3. Cyrtopodium cristatum Lindley (1841: sub t. 8), auct. nom.</p><p>Grisebach (1864: 630) et Cogniaux (1910: 579). Type: — GUYANA. S loc., 1839, Schomburgk 628 (lectotype, designated here, K-L!, isolectotypes AMES 217825 fragment!, BM 52875!, BM 923798!, G 168582!, G 168533!, K not found, P 436903!, W-R 25144)</p><p>In the same way as above, Cyrtopodium cristatum was misapplied by Grisebach (1864) and Cogniaux (1910) to Otostylis brachystalix, also from Trinidad and collected by Crüger, Broadway and others.</p><p>The following names have been combined in Aganisia and Otostylis but are considered misapplied by not fitting in any genera of the Aganisia complex, and thus considered non-applicable names in this taxonomic treatment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F158326EC5BCCC6D9C361D8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
F10187B5F158326EC5BCC9399CC01BCD.text	F10187B5F158326EC5BCC9399CC01BCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otostylis hirtzii Dodson	<div><p>6. Otostylis hirtzii Dodson (1985: t. 976).</p><p>Type: — ECUADOR. Pichincha: old road between San Juan and Chiribonga, 7 March 1982, Hirtz &amp; León 201 (holotype SEL 44290!, SEL spririt!)</p><p>= Warreopsis pardina (Rchb.f.) Garay (1973: 51) . Zygopetalum pardinum Reichenbach (1863b: 662) . Type: — ECUADOR. Andes forests, western declivity, s.d., Jameson [“ Jamieson ”] s.n. (lectotype, designated here, K-L 364389!, isolectotype W-R 40577 fragment!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10187B5F158326EC5BCC9399CC01BCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo;José F. A. Baumgratz;Cássio Van Den Berg	Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz, Cássio Van Den Berg (2015): Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa 238 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.1
