taxonID	type	description	language	source
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small sized Batillipes with tubular undivided primary clavae and papillar secondary clavae. Cephalic cirri with swollen distal tips. Sensorial spines on all legs. Toes 3 and 4 of legs IV with different lengths. Distinct head separated from the body by a neck constriction followed by well-developed lateral processes (“ auricles ”). Small lateral processes between legs I – III each with a small digit-shaped apex. Processes between legs III and IV fringed with digit-shaped expansions. The caudal apparatus consists of a wide ala-like cuticular expansion covered with detritus. A small semicircular cuticular projection is also present on the coxal region of each leg. Punctate cuticle comprised of small pillars. Rosette-like female gonopore surrounded by a four-valved cuticular structure. Males with circular gonopore with a cuticular crescent-shaped fold.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Gunga Beach, Alagoas, Brazil (9 ° 51 ' 45 " S, 35 ° 54 ' 17 " W). Type material. Holotype: adult, female (slide CVII- 80) collected at Gunga Beach, mounted in glycerol. Allotype: adult, male (slide TARD / UFRPE 02 - 11) collected at Amor Beach, mounted in glycerol. Paratypes: 8 females collected at Sossego Beach, mounted in polyvinyl alcohol (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 03 to 02 - 06 and 02 - 14); 2 females and one four-toed larva collected at Forte Orange Beach, mounted in polyvinyl alcohol (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 14); 5 specimens collected at Gunga Beach (3 females, 1 male and 1 juvenile), mounted in glycerol (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 08, 02 - 09 and CVII- 81); and 14 specimens collected at Amor Beach (4 females, 4 males and 6 juveniles), mounted in glycerol (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 10 to 02 - 13, 02 - 24 and CVII- 82). Type repository. The type material (slides CVII- 80 – 82) is deposited in the collection of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal, and all the other slides in the collection of Tardigrades — UFRPE (Laboratory of Meiofauna, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name brasiliensis refers to the locus typicus, Brazil. Ecological note. B. brasiliensis sp. nov. was found in shallow sublittoral medium to coarse, gravels and quartz sands, in low energy (Sossego Beach) and estuarine beaches (Forte Orange Beach and Gunga Beach) and in reef pools of high energy beaches (Amor Beach).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Female with a body length 124 µm (142 µm including the caudal apparatus) and 45.4 µm wide between the third and fourth pair of legs (Fig. 2 A, B). Trapezoid head with eleven cephalic appendages: Internal cirri inserted dorsally on the frontal margin of the head are 18.6 µm long, bearing cirrophores (about 2.2 µm long). External cirri 12.7 µm long, with indistinct cirrophores, inserted more ventrally, near the lateral cirri and primary clavae. The median cirrus, with cirrophore, is 15.5 µm long (Fig. 2 C). Lateral cirri (26.6 µm long) are located dorsally in relation to the unconstricted tubular primary clavae (12.9 µm long). These two appendages share a common pedestal. A van der Land’s organ is present at the base of the primary clava that exhibits a terminal hole (Fig. 2 D). An indentation is present in the frontal edge of the head between the external cephalic cirrus and the pedestal bearing the primary clava and lateral cirrus. In the frontal edge of the head papillar secondary clavae (Fig. 2 D) are also well visible (major diameter 2.9 µm). All cephalic cirri, including external cirri, and lateral cirri have swollen tips. Eye spots not recognized. Ovoid pharyngeal bulb 19.7 µm long and 17.7 µm wide. Ventral mouth opening in a protruded triangular cone. Placoids not visible after slide mounting. Four pairs of ventro-lateral body processes are present: a blunt lateral expansion, 4.1 µm long, between the head and the first pair of legs (Fig. 2 D). Lateral processes are also present between all leg pairs. Between the first two pair of legs these blunt processes (6.0, 4.6 µm between legs I – II and II – III respectively) exhibit a thin digitshaped apex (Fig. 3 A). Between legs III and IV (Figs 3 B, C) lateral processes are larger, 5.8 µm long and 10.8 µm wide. In these lateral processes the cuticle is punctated except for the membranous fringed external edge constituted by five digit-shaped expansions (Fig. 2 A, B). The caudal apparatus is an ala-like structure, protruding 17.5 µm and covering almost all the posterior edge of the body. The precise shape of this structure cannot be described because it is covered by detritus (Figs 2 A, B, 3 C, D). Small semicircular cuticular projections, decreasing in length from the first to the third leg (3.5, 3.3 and 2.1 µm respectively), are also present on the coxal region of legs I – III. This structure is particularly evident in the first leg pair (Figs 2 D, 3 A) and difficult to see in legs III. Lateral processes between legs and cuticular projections on legs often covered by detritus also. Sensorial spines present on all legs, increasing in length from leg I to leg IV (5.1; 8.2; 9.6, and 12.8 µm long on leg I, II, III and IV respectively). All leg sense organs with swollen tips. The sense organ on leg IV divided into a pronounced cirrophore (5.8 µm long) and a spine-like distal portion (7.0 µm long) with a basal van der Land’s organ (Fig. 3 B). Sharply pointed and short (13.1 µm long) cirri E with small cirrophores. Cirri E are dorsally placed between lateral processes and leg IV. Telescopic legs with toes of different lengths. On the first three pair of legs (Fig. 2 B), toe 2 is the shortest (considering toe 1 the most cephalically), toes 3 and 5 are the longest, and toes 1, 3 and 4 are medium sized (in leg II toe 1 is 7.0 µm long, toe 2 is 3.2 µm, toe 3 is 13.0 µm long, toe 4 is 6.2 µm, toe 5 is 14.1 µm, toe 6 is 7.3 µm). On the fourth pair of legs toes (Fig. 3 D) conform the pattern of the D group of species proposed by Kristensen and Mackness (2000), with toes 3 and 4 of different lengths (6.4 and 10.4 µm long respectively for toes 3 and 4). In those legs toes 1 and 6 are similar in length (respectively 11.3 and 11.0 µm long); toes 2 and especially toes 5 are the longest (16.3 and 20.5 µm long respectively). Toes have the distal stalk enlarged distally (about 2.2 µm wide), ovoid suction discs (3.3 long x 2.8 µm wide measured on toes of leg IV) with conspicuous braces and well developed peripheral thickenings. Dorsal cuticle punctated, about 10 pillars / 10 µm (each pillar about 1.4 µm high), without evident transverse folds. However, the large amount of detritus covering the dorsal region of the body can hide those lines. Transverse cuticular folds are visible ventrally where the cuticle punctation is more delicate. Rosette-shaped gonopore (Fig. 3 C) separated from the anus by a weakly defined groove. The gonopore is surrounded by a four-valved cuticular structure. Two larger divergent valves are located posteriorly and two narrow valves are located anteriorly to the gonopore (Fig. 3 E). The anus is 10.9 µm distant from the gonopore.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sexual dimorphism is not evident. Males are similar to females in both qualitative and metric characters (table 1), except for their circular gonopore with a cuticular crescent shaped fold (Fig. 3 F) located nearer the anus (4.5 µm distant for the anus in the allotypic male). Juveniles, with six toes on each leg but without a visible gonopore, are also similar to adults. The four-toed larva differs from the other juveniles and the adults in having reduced lateral projections without digit-shaped apices; in particular the one located between legs III and IV which lacks the fringed edge. Moreover, the caudal apparatus of this larva is constituted by a conical process without any membranous ala. However, small projections on the coxal region of the three first legs, characteristic of the new species, are present. On the other hand, among adults, the development of the caudal apparatus (see Fig. 3 B, C, F) and the shape of the fourth lateral projection (between legs III and IV), especially in the number (from 2 to 7) of digit-shaped membranous expansions, are very variable (Figs 3 B, C). Variability in other projections is not relevant.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. The taxonomy of the genus Batillipes is particular problematic due to the reduced number of taxonomic characters traditionally used to distinguish species. Intraspecific variability exhibited by some of those characters and deformations caused by slide mounting are also a source of taxonomic difficulties (cf. McKirdy 1975; Kristensen 1978; Morone De Lucia et al. 1988; Villora Moreno and de Zio Grimaldi 1993). In this genus, one of the more reliable taxonomic characters is the relative dimension of toes. This indicator was introduced by Pollock (1970) and modified by Kristensen and Mackness (2000) who proposed four patterns of toe lengths on the fourth foot, corresponding to four species groups. Batillipes brasiliesis sp. nov. in having toes 3 and 4 of different lengths and respectively different from toe 1 and toe 2, belongs to the D group of species. Only five species exhibit this toe pattern on leg IV: B. africanus Morone De Lucia, D’Addabbo Gallo and Grimaldi de Zio, 1988; B. lesteri; B. tubernatis; B. similis Schulz, 1955 and B. acuticauda. The new species, in having lateral projections, can be clearly distinguished from B. africanus and B. tubernatis. Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov. differs from B. similis in the shape of lateral processes and the caudal appendage that, despite variability, are always conical in the last species. In addition, the primary clava of B. similis, in having a swollen tip, is drumstick-like and not uniformly tubular as in the new species. On the other hand, the sense organ on leg IV is much longer, almost twice the length, in B. similis than in the new species; 18 % of the body length in B. similis (mean values, according to Gallo d’Addabbo et al. 1999) and 10 % in the new TABLE]. Measurements (in µm) of selecteđ morphological structures of specimens of Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov. (Holo — Holotype; SD — Stanđarđ đeviation; Range refers to the smallest largest measuređ specimen / structure; N — number of specimens / structures measuređ; Allo — Allotype). FEMALES MALES JUVENILES LARVA	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B41FFE963BD03571B66FC32.taxon	description	adults adults 6 - toed 4 - toed STRUCTURES Holo Mean ± SD (Range); N Allo Mean ± SD (Range); N Mean ± SD (Range); N ...... continued on the next page TABLE]. (Continueđ) species. Batillipes acuticauda, in contrary to the new species, has an acute spiky caudal appendage, cephalic appendages sharply pointed, and very different shaped lateral projections that are flattened between legs III and IV. Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov. in having swollen external cephalic cirri and the caudal apparatus consisting of an ala-like cuticular expansion covered with detritus is most similar to B. lesteri. However, B. brasiliensis sp. nov. exhibits different shaped lateral projections with digit-shaped apices and the one between leg III and IV distally fringed. In addition, external cephalic cirri are horn-shaped in B. lesteri and terminated by a swollen tip in the new species. The two species, that have comparable body lengths, differ in the length of cirri E (the longest cirrus E in the new species is 13.1 µm long while in B. lesteri the shortest cirrus E is 19.0 µm long) and leg sense organs that are shorter in the new species. In particular, the sense organ of leg IV is much shorter in the new species (10 % of the body length) than in B. lesteri where it is comprised of between 20 and 26 % of the body length. Cuticular valved structures associated with the female gonopore are present in both species, but in B. lesteri only two valves are present posterior to the gonopore, while there are four in the new species, two anterior and two posterior. Moreover, the new species differs from B. lesteri (and from all Batillipes species) by a peculiar character: the presence of small semicircular cuticular projections on the coxal region of legs I – III. This character, that cannot be confused with the coxal swelling of the leg articulation, is also present in specimens previously collected in Brazil and attributed to B. lesteri (da Rocha et al. 2013). The re-examination of those specimens, which also have external cephalic cirri with swollen tips, led to the conclusion that they should be attributed to the new species. In those specimens mounted in glycerin, eyes were observed which seem to confirm the presence of these structures in the new species. Eyes are soluble in some mounting media, as the glycerol. The re-examination also confirms the intraspecific variability of the caudal apparatus and lateral projections located between legs III and IV that, together with the large amount of adherent detritus were the reason of misidentification. With this correction, B. brasiliensis sp. nov. is also recorded for Cupe Beach, Pernambuco State (8 ° 25 ' S, 34 ° 55 ' W), and for the continental shelf, in medium sands at 35 m depth, of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte States (4 ° 20 ' – 4 ° 50 ' S; 36 ° 00 – 37 ° 15 ' W), (see da Rocha et al. 2013).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized Batillipes with cylindrical undivided primary clavae. Papillar secondary clavae present. Sensorial leg spines and cirri, including all cephalic cirri, lateral cirri and cirri E, with an optically dense dot near their blunt tips. Sensorial spine on leg I inserted on the posterior part of the leg and turning frontwards. Toes 3 and 4 of legs IV with different lengths. Lateral processes between legs absent. Pointed triangular caudal appendage very variable in shape and size among specimens. Finely punctated cuticle comprised of small pillars; dorsal punctations uniformly distributed. Rosette-like female gonopore separated from the anus by a groove. Males with circular gonopore with crescent-shaped cuticular fold. Anus surrounded by a peculiar cuticular structure constituted by six platelets.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Gunga Beach, Alagoas, Brazil (9 ° 51 ' 45 " S, 35 ° 54 ' 17 " W). Type material. Holotype: adult, female (slide CVII- 81) collected at Gunga Beach, mounted in glycerol. Allotypic male (slide TARD / UFRPE 02 - 18), collected at Forte Orange Beach, mounted in polyvinyl alcohol. Paratypes: 23 specimens (6 females, 17 juveniles) collected at Forte Orange Beach, mounted in polyvinyl alcohol (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 15 to 02 - 21); 1 female collected in Ponta do Sal Beach, mounted in polyvinyl alcohol (slide CVII- 83); 2 females collected in Patacho Beach, mounted in glycerol (slide TARD / UFRPE 02 - 22). Type repository. The type material (holotype slide CVII- 81 and paratype CVII- 83) is deposited in the collection of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal, and the other slides in the collection of Tardigrades — UFRPE (Laboratory of Meiofauna, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, dandarae, is in honor of “ Dandara dos Palmares ”, an ex-slave warrior, who led the fight against slavery in Brazil in the XVII century. Ecological note. B. dandarae sp. nov. was mainly found in shallow sublittoral fine to medium calcareous and quartz sands in low energy and estuarine beaches as Gunga Beach and Forte Orange Beach and occasionally in high energy beaches (Ponta do Sal) and in reef pools as Patacho Beach.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Female, 194 µm long (204 µm including the caudal apparatus) and 68.9 µm wide between the third and fourth pairs of legs (Fig. 4 A, B). Eyes present (very faint and difficult to see, fig 4 D, probably dissolved by effect of the mounting media). Trapezoid head with eleven cephalic appendages (Figs 4 D, E, 5 A): Internal cirri inserted dorsally on the frontal edge of the head are 23.2 µm long, bearing cirrophores (about 3.1 µm long). External cirri 16.1 µm long (Fig. 4 E), with indistinct cirrophores, inserted ventro-laterally, ventral to the pedestals bearing lateral cirri and primary clavae. The median cirrus, with cirrophore (about 3.4 µm long), is 24.8 µm long (Fig 4 D). The lateral cirrus, 28.2 µm long, is located dorsally in relation to the unconstricted tubular primary clava which is 13.3 µm long. These two appendages share a common pedestal (Fig 5 A). A van der Land’s organ is present at the base of the primary clava. All the cephalic cirri, including external cirri, and lateral cirri have an optically dense dot (black dot when observed under PHC) near their blunt tips. Indentation or notch in the frontal margin of the head between the external cirrus and the pedestal bearing the primary clava and lateral cirrus not observed. In the frontal edge of the head well developed (major diameter about 6.8 µm) secondary clavae are present (Fig 5 A). Ovoid pharyngeal bulb 19.5 µm long and 19.0 µm wide. Placoids not visible after slide mounting. Mouth opening located at the top of an ovoid buccal cone (12.1 µm long and 18.2 µm wide) about 10 µm distant from the frontal edge (Fig. 4 E). A dorsal blunt enlargement is visible in the scapular region at the level of legs I Figs 4 A, B, 5 A). No other body lateral projections or cuticular lateral processes are present. The caudal apparatus is constituted by a cuticular conical-shaped projection, 8.9 µm long. Sensorial spines present on all legs. Sensorial spine on leg I is the shortest, about the same length on legs II and III, and longer on legs IV (9.4; 11.3; 11.2, and 12.7 µm long, respectively). Leg I sense organs are not subdivided into different parts. They are similar in shape to sense organs on legs II and III that are spine-like. However, leg I sense organs are inserted on the posterior part of the leg and revolved frontwards (Fig. 5 B). All the sense organs on legs I – III have an optically dense dot near their blunt tips. The sense organ on leg IV is divided into a cirrophore (1.3 µm long), a proximal portion (4.7 µm long) and a distal portion (6.4 µm long) with a basal van der Land’s organ and an optically dense dot near the tip. Dorsal cirri E are blunt and short (18.7 µm long) with no evident cirrophores and also with a dot near the tip. Telescopic legs without tibial papillae. Toes with distal stalks considerably enlarged (2.6 µm wide), terminated by small ovoid suction discs (3.7 µm long and 3.4 µm wide on leg IV) with conspicuous braces and well developed peripheral thickenings. In the first three pair of legs, toe 2 is the shortest, toes 3 and 5 are the longest and toes 1, 4 and 6 are medium sized (13.4, 4.7, 16.2, 10.2, 17.9 and 12.7 µm long, respectively for toes 1 to 6 of leg II). In the fourth pair of legs (Figs 4 A, B, 5 C) toes conform to the pattern of the D group of species proposed by Kristensen and Mackness (2000), with toes 3 and 4 of different lengths (10.1 and 12.7 µm long respectively). In legs IV toes 1 and 6 are of intermediate size and similar in length; toes 2 and especially toes 5 are the longest (this character was observed in paratypes; in the holotype only toe 1, 14.4 µm, was measurable). Dorsal cuticle uniformly and finely punctated, with about 15 pillars / 10 µm, comprised of short pillars (ca. 1 µm high) with some delicate transverse lines (about eight) and without smooth regions. Less dense punctation on ventral cuticle which exhibit some transverse folds. Gonopore rosette-shaped (Figs 4 C, 5 C) separated from the anus by a very small groove. The anus, 7.3 µm posterior from the gonopore, is surrounded by a peculiar cuticular round structure, constituted by six platelets.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sexual dimorphism was not evident in the only male (138 µm long) found. This male is similar to females in both qualitative and metric characters (except for their circular gonopore with crescent shaped cuticular fold, distant 6.5 µm from the anus). Juveniles, with six toes on each leg but without a visible gonopore, were also similar to adults. Four-toed larvae were not found. Sense organ on legs I inserted on the posterior part of the leg and turning frontwards, similar to the one described for B. noerrevangi Kristensen, 1978 is consistently present in all the examined specimens. Shape and size of the caudal apparatus are strongly variable among individuals.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Batillipes dandarae sp. nov. in having medial toes 3 and 4 on leg IV of different lengths and respectively different from toe 1 and toe 2, belongs to the D group of species (Kristensen and Mackness 2000). Only six known species, including B. brasiliensis sp. nov. described above, exhibit this toe pattern on leg IV. However, similarly to B. dandarae sp. nov., only two other species included in this D group, B. africanus and B. tubernatis, lack body cuticular lateral processes.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4BFFEC63BD05541977FC83.taxon	description	Small dots near the tips of sensorial structures, appearing as black dots (optically dense) under phase contrast microscopy, present in B. dandarae sp. nov. were not described for both B. tubernatis and B. africanus. Optically dense regions below the tip of cephalic cirri were observed by Gallo D’Addabbo et al. (2000), redescribing B. dicrocercus. Probably, the observation of these dots had been neglected in the description of other Batillipes species; therefore this character should be carefully used in comparisons of different species. As previously mentioned, the structure of the revolved sense organ on leg I of B. dandarae sp. nov. is shared with B. noerrevangi. The two species cannot be confused because they exhibit a different toe pattern (B. noerrevangi belongs to the A group of species proposed by Kristensen and Mackness 2000, which have the middle toes of legs IV of equal length). Both species can be found in low saline waters. The new species occurring mainly in estuarine beaches, as it is the case of Forte Orange Beach that, according da Rocha et al. (2004), has a salinity value of 5 – 29 PSU, while B. noerrevangi can be found in low saline waters of the North Sea (4 – 20 PSU) and the Baltic Sea (3 – 11 PSU) (Kristensen 1978, Zawierucha et al. 2015).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFEC63BD02C11E86FBED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Ten specimens collected in medium to coarse, gravels and quartz sands, in low energy beaches, five from Sossego Beach (Pernambuco State) and five from Gunga Beach (Alagoas State).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFF063BD05E81AD2FDC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized Batillipes with tubular undivided primary clavae and well developed papillar secondary clavae. Cephalic cirri with swollen distal tips. Sensorial spines on all legs. Sensorial organ on leg IV very short. Legs terminated by long toes with spatula-like suction discs. Toes 3 and 4 of legs IV of equal lengths (pattern of the A group of species proposed by Kristensen and Mackness, 2000). Distinct head separated from the body by a neck constriction. Scapular region well developed, protruding laterally at the level of the first pair of legs. Small lateral blunt processes between legs I – III. Well-developed blunt processes between legs III and IV. Prominent semicircular caudal projection. Cuticle finely punctated with transverse folds. Rosette-like female gonopore delimited by four punctate cuticular platelets.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFF063BD05E81AD2FDC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Amor Beach, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, (6 ° 13 ' 41 " S, 35 ° 02 ' 29 " W). Type material. Holotype: adult, female (slide CVII- 82) collected at Amor beach, mounted in glycerol. Paratypes mounted in glycerol: one female collected at Gunga beach (slide TARD / UFRPE 02 - 23); and 3 females collected at Amor beach (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 24 and CVII- 82); 1 female and 1 juvenile collected at Francês Beach (slides TARD / UFRPE 02 - 25 and 02 - 26). Type repository. The type material (slide CVII- 82) is deposited in the collection of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal, and the other slides in the collection of Tardigrades — UFRPE (Laboratory of Meiofauna, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFF063BD05E81AD2FDC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name potiguarensis refers the inhabitants of the State of Rio Grande do Norte where the new species was found, primitively named the Potiguar Territory. Ecological note. B. potiguarensis sp. nov. was found in shallow sublittoral medium to coarse gravels and quartz sands, in reef pools of high energy beaches (Amor Beach) and low energy beaches (Francês Beach).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFF063BD05E81AD2FDC6.taxon	description	FEMALES JUVENILE adults 6 - toed STRUCTURES Holotype Mean ± SD (Range); N Description of the holotype. Female, 171 µm long (187 µm including the caudal apparatus) and 62.1 µm wide between the third and fourth pair of legs (Figs 6 A, B). Typical trapezoid head separated from the body by an evident neck constriction. Head bearing eleven cephalic appendages. Internal cirri inserted dorsally on the frontal edge of the head are 21.8 µm long with cirrophores (about 3.8 µm long). External cirri 20.1 µm long, with indistinct cirrophores, inserted more ventrally, near the lateral cirri and primary clavae. The median cirrus, with cirrophore (2.6 µm), is 20.5 µm long. The lateral cirrus, 35.8 µm long, is located dorsally in relation to the unconstricted, but wrinkled, tubular primary clava, 19.4 µm long (Fig 6 C). These two appendages share a common pedestal. A van der Land’s organ is present inside the base of the primary clava that has a terminal pore. Well developed and prominent papillar secondary clavae (diameter about 5.6 µm) are visible on the frontal edge of the head (Fig 6 C). All the cephalic cirri, including the external cirri and the lateral cirri have a optically dense dot (black dot when observed under PHC) near their swollen tips. There is no notch between internal and external cirrus nor an indentation between the external cephalic cirrus and the pedestal bearing the primary clava and lateral cirrus. Eye spots not observed. The ovoid pharyngeal bulb is 21.3 µm long and 20.7 µm wide. Placoids not visible after slide mounting. A lateral blunt expansion (auricle), 6.8 µm long, is present between the head and the first pair of legs (Fig 6 C). The scapular region is well developed (70.8 µm wide) protruding laterally at the level of the first pair of legs (Fig. 6 A, B). At the level of the second pair of legs a weak body protrusion is also visible. Ventrolateral blunt processes (Fig. 6 A, B) are present between all leg pairs, particularly developed between legs III and IV (4.6, 5.8 and 9.1 µm between legs I – II, II – III and III – IV respectively). The caudal region has a conspicuous semicircle-shaped protrusion, 15.2 µm long. Sharply pointed (20.1 µm long) cirri E with small cirrophores. Sensorial organs present on all legs (9.8; 11.4; 10.8, and 6.6 on leg I, II, III and IV respectively). Leg sense organs of legs I and IV divided into a basal and a distal portion with a dot near their swollen tips. The short sense organ on leg IV (Fig 6 A, B) has a van der Land’s organ separating the two portions (basal portion 3.1 µm long; distal portion 3.5 µm long). Sense organs on legs II and III are spines. Telescopic legs with long toes. Toes with the distal stalk with a distal enlargement (3.0 µm wide), spatula-like suction discs (5.3 µm long and 4.7 µm wide on leg IV) with straight frontal edge, short and thin braces and slightly thickened lateral edges. In the first three pair of legs, toe 2 is the shortest, toes 3 and 5 are the longest and toes 1, 4 and 6 are medium sized (in leg I 10.3, 7.9, 19.7, 11.4, 20.6 and 12.4 µm long for toes 1 to 6 respectively). In the fourth pair of legs (Fig. 6 D) the toes conform to the pattern of the A group of species proposed by Kristensen and Mackness (2000), with medial toes 3 and 4 of equal lengths (15.5 and 15.7 µm long respectively). Toes 5 and 6 of legs IV are respectively 25.7 and 19.1 µm long and toes 1 and 2 were not measurable (in paratypes toes 2 and 5 are the longest and similar each other; toes 1 and 6, also similar each other, are of intermediate length). Dorsal cuticle punctated (about 12 pillars / 10 µm; each pillar with about 1 µm high) with about eight transverse folds. Ventral transverse folds are also visible. Rosette-like gonopore delimited by four punctate cuticular platelets, two anterior and two posterior forming a groove in direction to the anus (Fig. 6 E). The anus is 10.8 µm distant from the gonopore.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFF063BD05E81AD2FDC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Males and four-toed larvae were not found. Morphometric variations in lateral processes and caudal projection of adult specimens were not observed. The only juvenile observed, with six toes on each leg but without a visible gonopore, is similar to adult females also.	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B4EFFF063BD05E81AD2FDC6.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Batillipes potiguarensis sp. nov. in having toes 3 and 4 of the hind legs of equal lengths and respectively different from toe 1 and toe 2, belongs to the A group of species (Kristensen and Mackness 2000). There are 20 known species included in this group. However, similarly to the new species, only two species, both with limited geographic distribution in the Pacific Ocean, have simultaneously a blunt or semicircular caudal protrusion and blunt lateral processes between legs III and IV: B. rotundiculus Rho, Min and Chang, 1999, described from the Korean coasts (Sea of Japan) and B. solitarius Jørgensen, Boesgaard, Møbjerg and Kristensen, 2014, from the Australian coast (Tasman Sea). B. potiguarensis sp. nov. differs from B. solitarius in having a much more protruded semicircular caudal projection; smaller and different shaped secondary clavae (prominent papilla, less than 6.2 µm wide in the new species, concave and elongate lens-shaped, 13.0 µm wide, in B. solitarius) and lateral projection between legs I and II (blunt in the new species; sharp pointed in B. solitarius). Moreover, cephalic cirri in B. potiguarensis sp. nov. have a plain tip, while in B. solitarius median, internal and lateral cirri have terminal tufts. The new species is very similar to B. rotundiculus. These two species share a similar caudal protrusion, a welldeveloped scapular region at the level of the first pair of legs, and similar blunt-shaped ventrolateral processes. However Batillipes potiguarensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from B. rotundiculus in having swollen cephalic cirri (sharply pointed in B. rotundiculus) and an evident and protruded secondary clavae (not present in B. rotundiculus). In addition, the two species also differ in the relative length of leg sense organs: contrary to B. rotundiculus, in the new species sense organs on leg IV are particularly shorter and shorter than sense organs on leg I (in the holotype of B. rotundiculus leg spine I is 8 µm and sense organ on leg IV is 9.2 µm; in B. potiguarensis sp. nov. leg spine I is 9.8 µm and sense organ IV is 6.6 µm, specimens respectively 195 and 187 µm long, including caudal apparatus). Moreover, the leg IV sensory organs of B. rotundiculus are spike-shaped while in the new species they are divided into two portions, the distal portion with swollen tips. Another important differentiating character between the two species is the relative size of medial (toes 3 and 4) and lateral toes (1 and 6) on legs IV. In B. potiguarensis sp. nov. toes 3 and 4 of hind legs are shorter than toes 1 and 6 while in B. rotundiculus they are similar or longer (in the holotype lateral toes are 16.6 and 17.1 µm long and medial toes are 17.5 and 17.1 µm long).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B52FFF063BD02521EAEFC61.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen in a dirty preparation and not identified to species level, collected in medium to coarse, gravels and quartz sands, in a low energy beach, Sossego Beach (Pernambuco State).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
F1778B6A5B52FFF063BD05F31F96FAFE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Four specimens collected in medium to coarse, gravels and quartz sands, in low energy beaches, one specimen from Forte Orange Beach (Pernambuco State) and three from Gunga Beach (Alagoas State).	en	Santos, Erika, Da Rocha, Clélia M. C., Jr, Edivaldo Gomes, Fontoura, Paulo (2017): Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4243 (3): 483-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.4
