taxonID	type	description	language	source
F15E87ADFFB9FFD2FEEF9CB5F22AFD4B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Chiloconger labiatus Myers and Wade, 1941: 66.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB9FFD2FEEF9CB5F22AFD4B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body moderately elongate, preanal length greater than 40 % TL; tip of tail blunt and stiffened, caudal fin reduced; dorsal fin begins over posterior part of appressed pectoral fin; dorsal­ and anal­fin rays unsegmented; upper end of gill opening opposite upper part of pectoral­fin base, not enclosing pectoral fin; snout short and blunt, eye large, its diameter slightly greater than snout length; well developed, broadly rounded and elevated flange on upper lip, covering a hollowed­out area; adnasal pore present in at least one species, second and fifth infraorbital pores present, but third and fourth absent; maxillary and mandibular teeth irregularly biserial or triserial, not forming a cutting edge; lateral ethmoid process present, supraoccipital present, posterior end of urohyal simple (not trifurcate). Relationships. Smith (1989: 490) observed that the Bathymyrinae could be divided into two groups. One group contains the genera Ariosoma, Bathymyrus, and Parabathymyrus and is characterized as follows: supraoccipital bone absent, urohyal trifurcate, adnasal pore absent, third and fourth infraorbital pores present, leptocephali with lateral pigment consisting of a series of short, oblique rows of tiny melanophores on myosepta. The other group contains Paraconger and Chiloconger and is characterized as follows: supraoccipital bone present, urohyal simple, adnasal pore usually present, third and fourth infraorbital pores absent, leptocephali with lateral pigment consisting of a single series of moderately large melanophores along midlateral line. At the time, Smith had no detailed information on Chiloconger, but he assigned it to the Paraconger group on the basis of retained larval pigmentation in a small specimen. Information presented here (see below) confirms Smith's conclusion; Chiloconger dentatus has a supraoccipital and a simple urohyal. In addition, Chiloconger philippinensis, at least, has an adnasal pore, and both species lack the third and fourth infraorbital pores.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFBAFFD8FEEF9C02F31EF9C3.taxon	materials_examined	Study material (15 adult specimens, 80 – 270 mm TL; 2 larval specimens, 80 – 100 mm SL): LACM 21559 (holotype of Chiloconger labiatus, 82 mm TL), Port Utría, Colombia, 6 ° 01 ' N, 77 ° 22 ' W, 15 – 30 fm (27 – 55 m), 25 Feb. 1938, mud and sand bottom. Others: CAS 38794 (1: 80), Costa Rica, 9 ° 19 ’ 32 ” N, 84 ° 29 ’ 30 ” W, 42 fm (77 m), 1 March 1938, “ Zaca ” 214 ­ D­ 1; LACM 24206 (1: 145), Pacific, Panama, 7 º 49 ’ N, 82 º 23 ’ 30 ” W, 54 fm (99 m), 27 March 1939, green mud; LACM 33590 ­ 4 (1: 193), Costa Rica, 9 º 30 ’ 00 ” N, 84 º 45 ’ 12 ” W, 135 – 102 fm (247 – 187 m), 17 May 1973; SIO 62 – 701 (1: 214), 23 º 58.3 ' N, 111 º 01.0 ’ W, 50 fm (92 m), 4 Dec. 1962, 0 250 – 0 320 hr, 16 ­ ft otter trawl; SIO 65 – 227 (1: 222), 24 º 12.3 ’ N, 111 º 29.7 ’ W, 56 – 58 fm (102 – 106 m), 27 June 1965, 4 ­ ft otter trawl; UCLA W 56 – 118 (1: 250), Pacific, Mexico, Sinaloa, 25 miles SE of Bahía Topolobampo, Gulf of California, 7 – 13 June 1956; UCR 334 ­ 12 (1: 270), Costa Rica, near Puntarenas; UCR 681 ­ 2 (93 – 109), Costa Rica, Isla del Caño, N. side, 16 March 1972; UCR 686 ­ 1 (3: 81 – 93), Costa Rica, Isla del Caño, 17 March 1972; USNM 195586 (1: 268), Pacific, Mexico, Sinaloa, 25 ° 18 ’ N, 108 ° 48 ’ W, 2 miles south of entrance of Bahía Topolobampo, 7 – 13 June 1956; USNM 316123 (ex UCR 489 ­ 18) (1: 237), Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Golfo de Nicoya, 26 – 29 Oct. 1970; MCZ 28421 (larva, holotype of Atopichthys obtusus, 100 mm SL), off Colombia, 7 ° 33 ' N, 79 ° 17 ' W, 8 March 1891, " Albatross " 3386; MCZ 28427 (larva, holotype of Atopichthys dentatus, 80 mm SL), off Panama, 2 ° 34 ' N, 82 ° 29 ' W, 4 March 1891, " Albatross " 3375.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFBAFFD8FEEF9C02F31EF9C3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderately elongate, small congrid eel of the subfamily Bathymyrinae, with short, bluntly­rounded snout and a dark margin on the dorsal fin anteriorly. Total vertebrae 118 – 122, preanal LL pores 19 – 27, predorsal length 20 – 26 % TL.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFBAFFD8FEEF9C02F31EF9C3.taxon	description	Description. Measurements, as % TL: preanal 38.7 – 49.1, predorsal 20.1 – 26.2, head 16.8 – 20.1, depth at anus 4.3 – 7.8; as % head length: snout 14.0 – 19.3, eye 13.8 – 20.9, upper jaw 22.1 – 32.5, gill opening 10.4 – 24.4, interbranchial 10.4 – 28.1, pectoral fin 15.9 – 37.4. Meristic characters: preanal LL pores 19 – 27, POM pores 6 – 7, IO pores 3 or 4, SO pores 3 or 4, STC pores 0, branchiostegal rays 9 – 10, pectoral rays 16 – 18, predorsal vertebrae 13 – 14, preanal vertebrae 42 – 44, total vertebrae 118 – 122. Moderately elongate, round in cross section anteriorly, becoming more compressed posteriorly, anus before midlength (Fig. 1 ­ 1). Dorsal­fin origin over posterior part of appressed pectoral fin, continuous around end of tail with caudal and anal fins; caudal fin broadly rounded, its rays reduced in length, shorter than adjacent dorsal and anal rays; anal­fin origin immediately behind anus; pectoral fin well developed. Gill opening a nearly vertical slit slightly below middle of body, its upper end slightly below upper edge of pectoral­fin base, thus not completely enclosing the pectoral fin (the original illustration in Myers and Wade, 1941, pl. 7, reproduced in slightly modified form here as Figure 1, was wrong in this regard); interbranchial nearly equal to gill opening. Head (Fig. 1 ­ 2) deepest about midway between pectoral fin and snout tip, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly from this point; snout short, equal to or slightly less than eye diameter. Eye large. Anterior nostril tubular, near tip of snout; posterior nostril a rounded pore with a slightly raised rim, near anterior margin of eye, distinctly below mideye level. A broad, well developed upturned flange on upper lip, beginning on side of snout about 1 ­ 2 nostril diameters behind anterior nostril, deepest at middle of length, narrowing posteriorly, ending under anterior part of eye, somewhat before rictus, enclosing an excavated space. A prominent downturned flange on lower lip. Head pores small, often difficult to see (Fig. 1 ­ 2; Fig. 2, left). Supraorbital canal with three or four pores; a small pore (ethmoidal pore) near tip of snout, near edge of lip; a second somewhat larger pore above the preceding, at level of anterior nostril and about one nostril diameter anterior to nostril; a small papilliform pore immediately above base of anterior nostril, which is either the third supraorbital pore or the adnasal pore; a small pore directly above posterior nostril. Infraorbital canal with three or four pores (depending on which canal the small pore above the anterior nostril belongs to); a pore on upper lip just below anterior end of labial flange; a small pore on upper lip near posterior end of labial flange and shortly anterior to rictus; a small pore on side of head directly behind rictus, slightly behind a vertical through posterior edge of eye; no pores in postorbital section of canal. Preoperculomandibular canal with 4 – 5 pores before rictus and 2 pores behind (one specimen had 1 pore here on one side). No pores in supratemporal commissure. Teeth small, conical (Fig. 1 – 3; Fig. 2, right). Intermaxillary teeth in two transverse rows, forming a roughly semicircular patch, separated from vomerine patch. Vomerine teeth in a slightly elongate patch, broadest anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly. Maxillary teeth irregularly triserial, not forming a cutting edge. Mandibular teeth in approximately four series at anterior end of jaw, narrowing posteriorly to three or two series, not forming a cutting edge. Gas bladder loosely attached to body wall by mesentery, extending from anterior end of stomach to slightly beyond posterior end of stomach. Stomach ends about halfway between pectoral fin and anus. Color light brown, with minute dark specks dorsally and laterally; dorsal fin with a dark margin anteriorly, fading to a faint line posteriorly. Anal and caudal fins without a dark margin. Esophagus black, stomach pale. Holotype of C. labiatus has remnants of larval pigmentation: a row of small melanophores along lateral midline, not quite one per segment; a few melanophores on ventral midline, including two under liver. Six other specimens, 81 – 145 mm TL, also show traces of larval pigment. Osteology. Neurocranium (Fig. 3) moderately short, triangular in dorsal view, orbital and antorbital portion relatively narrow in dorsal or ventral view; lateral ethmoid process present, relatively slender; sphenotic, pterosphenoid, and prootic fused into a single unit; supraoccipital present; otic bullae slightly inflated. Maxilla and mandible (Fig. 4) typical of Congridae; maxilla with a well developed pedicel anteriorly and an expanded, ventrally deflected flange at posterior end. Suspensorium (Fig. 4) relatively short, inclined anteriorly; pterygoid broad, well developed. All four opercular elements (Fig. 4) present, well developed; posterior margin of opercle smooth. Pectoral girdle (Fig. 4) complete, well developed. Supracleithrum well developed, expanded dorsally forming three lobes; cleithrum without a sharp bend dorsally; scapula and coracoid both well developed, embedded in a cartilaginous matrix; four actinosts. Hypohyals absent; ceratohyal and epihyal moderately short; nine branchiostegal rays in specimen examined, posteriormost ray expanded near base into a posteriorly directed lobe; glossohyal moderately stout with a ventral keel; urohyal slender, shaft compressed, not trifurcated posteriorly. (Fig. 5) Branchial arches (Fig. 5) typical of Congridae; first three basibranchials ossified, fourth cartilaginous, fifth absent; first two hypobranchials ossified, third cartilaginous, fourth and fifth absent; five ceratobranchials present and ossified, fifth slender and reduced; lower pharyngeal tooth plates moderately developed; first through fourth epibranchials, second and third infrapharyngobranchials present; upper pharyngeal tooth plate moderately developed, undivided. Anteriormost epineurals not fused to neural arch; abdominal vertebrae with broad, almost horizontally inclined parapophyses; pleural ribs present; caudal vertebrae with epicentral processes. In specimen examined, first rib on 12 th vertebra, dorsal­fin origin over 13 th – 14 th vertebra, first closed hemal arch on 47 th vertebra, total vertebrae 117 + (caudal skeleton missing). (Fig. 6) Ossicles in cephalic lateralis canals incompletely ossified, outlines unclear in specimen examined.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFBAFFD8FEEF9C02F31EF9C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Found along the western coast of Mexico, Central and South America from the southern Gulf of California to Colombia, in depths of 27 – 247 m. It has not been recorded from any of the oceanic islands of the eastern Pacific.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFBAFFD8FEEF9C02F31EF9C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Chiloconger dentatus is unusual among congrids in having far fewer lateral­line (LL) pores than vertebrae. The number of preanal LL pores, 19 – 27, is barely more than half the number of preanal vertebrae, 42 – 44. This species was first described by Garman (1899) from two then­unidentified leptocephali, Atopichthys dentatus and Atopichthys obtusus, the former premetamorphic and the latter metamorphic. Raju (1985: 8) assigned A. dentatus to Paraconger, based on similarities to known larvae of that genus. He erroneously assigned A. obtusus to the heterocongrine genus Gorgasia. Grove and Lavenberg (1997: 179) cited all three names and selected dentatus as the valid name.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB0FFDCFEEF9E98F2CDFE0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype, MNHN 1998 ­ 0664 (male, 166 mm TL), South China Sea, south­west of Luzon Id.; 28 November 1980, station 59 CP 4, 14 o 00 ’ N., 120 o 16 ’ E, 190 – 186 m depth, beam trawl; C. R. V. “ Coriolis ”, MUSORSTOM 2. Paratype s, MNHN 2002 ­ 3730 (4, 161 – 183 mm), same data as holotype; paratype MNHN 1998 ­ 0666 (female, 190 mm); 29 November 1980, station 63 CP 4, 14 o 07 ’ N., 120 o 15 ’ E, 230 – 215 m depth, beam trawl; C. R. V. “ Coriolis ”, MUSORSTOM 2.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB0FFDCFEEF9E98F2CDFE0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species of Chiloconger of the subfamily Bathymyrinae, with short bluntly­rounded snout and large brown spot at origin of dorsal fin. Maxillary and mandibular teeth pointed or bluntly conical, close­set in outer series, biserial for the most of length of jaws. Intermaxillary teeth in two transverse rows. Total vertebrae 113 – 115, preanal lateral­line pores 36 – 39, predorsal length 18 – 19 % TL, upper jaw 33 – 38 % HL.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB0FFDCFEEF9E98F2CDFE0B.taxon	description	Description (values given for holotype, with those of paratypes in parentheses). Measurements as % TL: preanal 46.4 (45.3 – 46.0), predorsal 18.7 (17.6 – 18.8), head 16.6 (15.5 – 16.8), trunk 29.8 (28.4 – 30.5), depth at gill opening 7.5 (6.0 – 7.5), depth at anus 6.6 (5.9 – 6.2); as % of head length: snout 18.2 (17.2 – 20.0), eye 20.0 (20.3 – 21.7), upper jaw 32.7 (33.3 – 37.9), gill opening 29.1 (26.5 – 28.3), postorbital 65.4 (66.7 – 67.5), interorbital 7.3 (8.3 – 9.3), interbranchial 25.4 (21.8 – 26.7), pectoral fin 32.7 (35.9 – 36.7). Meristic characters: preanal LL pores (37) 36 – 39, POM pores 8, IO pores 3, SO pores 4, STC pores 0, total vertebrae 113 (113, 115), predorsal vertebrae 10 (9, 10), preanal vertebrae 42 (40, 43), precaudal vertebrae 45 (44, 46). Pectoral­fin rays 14 (13, 14), dorsal­fin rays 252 (229, ca. 237), preanal dorsal fin­rays 74 (66, ca. 67), anal­fin rays 147 (157, 167), caudalfin rays 9 (9). Branchiostegal rays 10 (10). Moderately elongate, head roughly cylindrical, trunk and tail compressed, anus anterior to midlength; tip of tail blunt and stiffened, caudal fin reduced (Fig. 7). Tail 1.1 – 1.3 times longer than head and trunk. Head deeper than body. Dorsal­fin origin behind gill opening above tip of pectoral fin, over sixth or seventh lateral line pore (Fig. 8). Anal­fin origin at the distance of 180 (169 – 196) % of head length from gill opening below 39 th (37 th – 40 th) pore of lateral line. Dorsal and anal fins confluent with caudal. Pectoral fin well developed. Gill opening large, crescentic, its upper corner slightly below of upper edge of pectoral­fin base. Mouth cleft extending backward almost to level of posterior margin of eye. Snout short, bluntly­rounded, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, lips with greatly developed upturned labial flanges. Flange of upper lip broad, covering preorbital groove from anterior nostril to a vertical through mid­length of eye; the greatest height of flange almost reaching posterior nostril. Flange of lower lip prominent, longer than flange of upper lip. Fleshy inner lips covering maxillary and mandibular teeth laterally. Eye large, round, covered with dermal membrane, its diameter slightly more than snout length. Anterior nostril tubular, near tip of snout, directed obliquely anterolaterally. Posterior nostril oval in shape, with raised incised rims, placed immediately in front of eye at level of its lower edge. Numerous plicae, with minute filaments, scattered on tip of snout, between nostrils and along branchial region. Head and lateral line pores relatively conspicuous (Fig. 8). In supraorbital series four pores: one small pore at tip of snout (ethmoidal pore) in front of anterior nostril; one large pore above and slightly before base of anterior nostril; one small papilla­like pore placed above and behind anterior nostril; one small pore before anterior margin of eye over posterior nostril. In infraorbital series three pores: one minute pore (adnasal pore) immediately above base of anterior nostril, one large pore behind anterior nostril, partly hidden in anterior part of labial flange, and one large pore slightly behind mid­eye level, hidden in lip before rictus. No visible infraorbital pore behind rictus. Eight obvious preoperculomandibular pores, six mandibular and two preopercular pores. No pores in supratemporal commissure. Lateral line pores anterior to level of pectoral fin 4 (4), anterior to level of dorsalfin origin 7 (6 – 7), anterior to level of vent 37 (36 – 39). Teeth (Fig. 9) small, sharply or bluntly conical, set in irregular rows, tapering to one row posteriorly in jaws and vomer. Intermaxillary teeth conical, recurved tooth patch in two semicircular rows, separated from maxillary and vomerine teeth. Vomerine teeth conical, shorter and blunter than those of intermaxillary, in a short oblong patch, arranged in irregular four rows anteriorly, tapering to one­two rows posteriorly, ca. 13. Maxillary and mandibular teeth in bands, those of outer row higher than those of inner row, slightly decreasing in size anterior to posterior. Teeth of outer series pointed, straight, densely set. Teeth of inner series blunt and irregularly spaced. Maxillary teeth roughly in three­four rows anteriorly, biserial for the most of length series, uniserial at posterior end of series; posteriormost few teeth directed anteriorly. Mandibular teeth in four­five rows anteriorly, biserial for the most of length series. Gas bladder attached to vertebrae, extending posterior to stomach, terminating before anus. Stomach reaching about one­half or two­thirds of way to anus. Color in preservative yellowish­brown, lighter ventrally; cheeks and lateral sides of body mottled with tiny melanophores; the single irregular midlateral series of melanophores widely spaced slightly beneath skin. Pectoral, anal and caudal fins pale. Dorsal fin with a large brown spot covering first several rays and membrane, dark­edged posteriorly from about middle of trunk to caudal fin. Nostrils and pores whitish. Digestive tract pale, stomach and intestine brownish anteriorly, speckled with scattering melanophores. Branchial cavity pale. The specimens range from 161 to 190 mm TL. The largest specimen mature female 190 mm TL, egg diameter 0.75 – 0.95 mm. Comparison with other species. Chiloconger philippinensis most closely agrees with C. dentatus (Garman, 1899) in terms of short bluntly rounded snout, large labial flanges, similar arrangement of dentition, head pores and nostril openings, and pattern of coloration of dorsal fin and body. Chiloconger philippinensis differs from C. dentatus by combination of its meristic characters: number of vertebrae (113 – 115 vs. 118 – 122), number of preanal lateral line pores (36 – 39 vs. 19 – 27), number of supraorbital (4 vs. 3), infraorbital (3 vs. 4) and mandibular pores (6 vs. 4 – 5). C. philippinensis also shares some morphometric characters with C. dentatus but has relatively shorter head (15.5 – 16.8 % TL vs. 16.8 – 20.1 %), shorter predorsal length (17.6 – 18.8 % TL vs. 20.1 – 26.2 %) and longer upper jaw (32.7 – 37.9 % HL vs. 22.1 – 32.5 %).	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB0FFDCFEEF9E98F2CDFE0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from two Philippines localities, south­west of Luzon Id. trawled at 186 – 230 m of depth.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB0FFDCFEEF9E98F2CDFE0B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB4FFDDFEEF99D7F024FA16.taxon	discussion	Chiloconger similis Wade, 1946 was described from a single individual collected off Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Based on examination of this specimen and eight similar specimens from the Revillagigedo and Galapagos Islands, we conclude that C. similis should be placed in Paraconger rather than Chiloconger. Below, we compare the condition of seven character states among Chiloconger philippinensis, C. dentatus, C. similis, and Paraconger californiensis, the last three all sympatric in the eastern Pacific. 1). Labial flange. In Chiloconger dentatus, the flange ends anteriorly at about the level of the base of the anterior nostril. There is no superficial groove extending ventrally to the IO 2 pore. In C. similis and P. californiensis the flange proper ends anteriorly about opposite the base of the anterior nostril, but a superficial groove continues ventrally, connecting with a depression containing the IO 2 pore. 2) Adnasal (IO 1) pore. In Chiloconger philippinensis, this pore is small and papillalike, just behind the upper edge of the base of the anterior nostril (in C. dentatus, the presence of the adnasal pore is problematical). In C. similis, this pore is moderately large, with a raised rim, just posterior to the base of the anterior nostril, in the space between the anterior nostril and the groove containing the IO 2 pore. In P. californiensis, the condition is much like that of similis. 3) Second infraorbital (IO 2) pore. In C. dentatus and philippinensis, this pore is located in an isolated depression, not a groove, on the outside of the lip, ventral and slightly anterior to the anterior end of the labial groove, and it has a raised rim. In C. similis, the pore is tubular and concealed in the labial groove, larger and more open, with a thin­walled rim. In P. californiensis, it is much like that of similis but smaller and more papilla­like, with thick walls and a smaller opening. 4) Fifth infraorbital (IO 5) pore. In C. dentatus and philippinensis, this pore is located on the side of the head immediately above the posterior end of the labial flange (i. e., it is not on the flange itself). In C. similis and P. californiensis, the pore is on the dorsal edge of the flange, below the middle of the eye 5) Second supraorbital (SO 2) pore. In C. dentatus and philippinensis, this is an open pore, slightly dorsal and distinctly anterior to the anterior nostril, by a distance substantially greater than the diameter of the pore. In C. similis, the pore is open, larger, and closer to the base of the anterior nostril, by a distance less than the diameter of the pore. In P. c a l ­ iforniensis, the pore has a raised rim and is in a slit or groove immediately dorsal to the base of the anterior nostril, the ventral rim of the pore touching the base of the nostril. 6) Upper end of gill opening. In C. dentatus and philippinensis, the upper end of the gill opening is located slightly below the upper end of the pectoral­fin base, at about the level of the third or fourth ray; the pectoral fin thus is not entirely enclosed by the gill opening. In both C. similis and P. californiensis, the upper end of the gill opening is above the top of the pectoral­fin base, enclosing the entire fin base. 7) Maxillary teeth. In C. dentatus and philippinensis, the maxillary teeth are in two to four series, conical, about equal size, and not forming a cutting edge. In P. californiensis, the teeth are in one or two rows, those of the outer row larger, compressed, their tips bladelike, closely spaced and forming a cutting edge. Chiloconger similis is somewhat intermediate in this respect. The teeth are mostly triserial, but those of the middle row are larger, pointed, and form a saw­like ridge. Of the seven characters described above, Chiloconger similis resembles Paraconger californiensis in five of them (labial flange, adnasal pore, IO 5 pore, SO 2 pore, and pectoral fin / gill opening. In the other two characters (IO 2 pore and maxillary teeth), C. similis is somewhat intermediate. In most if not all of these characters, the Paraconger condition is more derived. Indeed, the gill­opening / pectoral fin character is unique among congrids and has always been diagnostic for the genus Paraconger. We thus conclude that Chiloconger similis should be placed in Paraconger and henceforth known as Paraconger similis (Wade, 1946).	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB4FFDDFEEF99D7F024FA16.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative study material. Paraconger similis: CAS 86747 (2: 142 – 145), Galapagos Is., Genovesa Id., 24 November 1995, J. E. McCosker, et al.; LACM 21712 (holotype: 251), Inner Gorda Bank, Cape San Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, 23 ° 02 ' 30 " N, 109 ° 03 ' 07 " W, 59 – 78 fm (108 – 143 m), 17 February 1940; LACM 43616 ­ 1 (2: 395 – 423), Revillagigedo Is., near Clarion Id., 5 – 11 January 1984; SIO 87 – 128 (3: 311 – 345), Revillagigedo Is., 19 ° 03 ' N, 112 ° 08 ' W, by hook and line; USNM 362109 (1: 351), Galapagos Is., 1 ° 23 ' 12 " N, 91 ° 48 ' 36 " W, 400 ft (122 m), 21 June 1998, J. E. McCosker. Paraconger californiensis: USNM 177696 (holotype: 505), Mexico, Sinaloa, Gulf of California, 25 miles southeast of Bahía Topolobampo, 22 – 27 fm (40 – 49 m), 7 – 13 June 1956, W. Baldwin.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB5FFDEFEEF9DCDF0FCFE23.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Kenyaconger heemstrai sp. nov.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB5FFDEFEEF9DCDF0FCFE23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Body moderately stout, preanal length greater than 40 % TL; caudal fin reduced, tip of tail blunt and stiffened; dorsal­ and anal­fin rays unsegmented; head deep, snout short and bluntly rounded; eye large, greater than snout length; well developed flange on upper and lower lip; posterior nostril opening through a tube on edge of upper lip, behind labial flange; adnasal pore absent. Maxillary and mandibular teeth biserial anteriorly, uniserial posteriorly, main series compressed and incisor­like, closely spaced and forming a cutting edge.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
F15E87ADFFB5FFDEFEEF9DCDF0FCFE23.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named for the east African nation of Kenya, off whose coast the type species was collected.	en	Smith, David G., Karmovskaya, Emma S. (2003): A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo­West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156166, URL: http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00343.pdf
