identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F24B87D0FF913914FEF8BC31FB61FA18.text	F24B87D0FF913914FEF8BC31FB61FA18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus Hirst 1911	<div><p>Neobuthus Hirst, 1911</p><p>(Figs. 1–438, Tables 1–5)</p><p>Neobuthus Hirst, 1911: 462; Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 1– 25, figs. 1–6, 9–74, 86, 89, 92, 95–96, 100–101 (including complete generic synonymy prior to 2012); Kovařík et al., 2013: 4, 14; Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 1–46, figs. 1–165, tables 1–5.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Small buthid scorpions, total length 15–25 mm (males), 22–32 mm (females); carapace strongly trapezoidal, surface granular with only anterior median carinae developed; ventral aspect of cheliceral fixed finger usually with single denticle, but this may be reduced or atrophied ( N. ferrugineus); tergites with three carinae, of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous; sternites III– VI with finely micro-denticulate posterior margins, lacking larger non-contiguous denticles; pectines with fulcra, hirsute; metasomal segments I–III with 8–10 carinae, segment V with enlarged lobate dentition on posterior ventrolateral carinae; telson rather bulbous, vesicle steeply inclined posteriorly, aculeus shorter than vesicle; macrosetae on vesicle normal to surface (♂) or oriented in anterior direction (♀); pedipalps short with stout segments, movable finger of pedipalp with 4–6 subrows of primary denticles flanked by mid-row internal and proximal external accessory denticles, 3 denticles just proximal to terminal denticle; movable finger without dense terminal brush of setae on ventral surface; strongly spatulate microsetae not present on termini of fixed and movable fingers; pedipalp finger margins straight, without proximal scalloping or basal lobe and notch; trichobothrial pattern type A, orthobothriotaxic or neobothriotaxic minorante, dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in β- configuration; trichobothrium d 2 of pedipalp femur present or absent on dorsal surface, d 2 of pedipalp patella present or absent, d 3 of pedipalp patella situated internal to dorsomedian carina, V 2 of chela manus strongly displaced internally relative to V 1, chela fixed finger with db located in proximal half, proximal to est; tibial spurs present on legs III–IV; sexual dimorphism in setation, granulation and metasomal dentition: pedipalps, legs and metasoma with weaker granulation and long, filiform macrosetae in females, stronger granulation and shorter (often spiniform) macrosetae in males, ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae on segments II–III strongly developed with enlarged dentition in females and regular dentition in males; capsule of hemispermatophore with 4 lobes in typical 3+1 configuration, basal lobe a broad, robust, hook-like process, flagellum well separated from lobes .</p><p>HEMISPERMATOPHORE. The hemispermatophores of all examined Neobuthus species exhibit similar morphology. The trunk is long and narrow, becoming broader in its basal half, and terminates apically in a short capsule region. The flagellum is well separated from the sperm hemiduct lobes and consists of a pars recta with laminate expansion on its anterior margin, and a narrow, cylindrical hyaline pars reflecta. The sperm hemiduct of the capsule region is 3-lobed, with large, apically rounded, spatulate posterior lobe attached by thickened suture or carina to concave surface of smaller acuminate median lobe. A small anterior lobe is well separated from the median lobe by a large gap. A robust, hook-like basal lobe with blunt apical profile projects from the convex surface at the base of the median lobe, attached along an oblique axis. The convex surface of the basal lobe is oriented anteriorly, and the concave surface posteriorly towards the flagellum. Intraspecific variation in lobe morphology was as great as interspecific variation, and we did not find systematic differences that could be useful in diagnosis at the species level. Sample sizes compared were (number of individuals, including previous studies): N. amoudensis sp. n. 10, N. awashensis 1, N. cloudsleythompsoni 1, N. erigavoensis sp. n. 4, N. eritreaensis 2, N. factorio sp. n. 3, N. gubanensis sp. n. 5, N. kutcheri 1, N. maidensis sp. n. 1, and N. montanus sp. n. 3. Left and right hemispermatophores in the same individuals did not differ significantly in their morphology. The consistent shape of the basal lobe within Neobuthus supports its use as a higher taxonomic character for differentiating between different buthid genera.</p><p>TAXONOMIC REMARKS. Key diagnostic characters for the genus Neobuthus originally proposed by Kovařík &amp; Lowe (2012) were based on 3 species. These characters were subsequently confirmed by Lowe &amp; Kovařík (2016) for 3 additional species. Here, we restudy two of the original species and describe 7 additional species. Our results further support the validity of the diagnostic characters. One key character was the presence of a single enlarged denticle on the ventral aspect of the cheliceral fixed finger. We confirmed that N. amoudensis sp. n., N. erigavoensis sp. n., N. factorio sp. n., N. gubanensis sp. n., and N. montanus sp. n also comply with this character (Figs. 21, 118, 175, 257, and 393). In N. ferrugineus (Kraepelin, 1898), the denticle was smaller and difficult to visualize due to lack of darkening and concealment under microsetae (Fig. 210). However, UV microscopy of the profile of the ventral surface of the cheliceral fixed finger revealed a distinct tubercle (Fig. 212) that likely corresponds to a reduced ventral denticle. The difficulty of visualizing this under light microscopy explains why Kraepelin (1903) placed this species in Nanobuthus Pocock, 1895, which lacks ventral denticles as a diagnostic character (Pocock, 1895), and furthermore considered it a synonym of N. andersoni Pocock, 1895 . Apparently, Prendini (2004, unpublished, cf. label in Figs. 182–183) concurred with this synonymy. We defer consideration of this issue until we can analyze the type or topotypes of N. andersoni, but if synonymy is upheld then Neobuthus would become a junior synonym of Nanobuthus .</p><p>Another key character is the 3+1-lobe configuration of the hemispermatophore capsule region with a strong, hook-like basal lobe. This was confirmed also in our newly described species (see above). The general lobe configuration is consistent with placement of Neobuthus in the ‘Buthus’ group (Fet et al., 2005) that was defined by trichobothrium d 3 of the pedipalp patella being internal to the dorsomedian carina (Lowe et. al., 2018). Other key characters including sternite margin microdenticulation and various features of metasomal carination and setation were also validated.</p><p>TERATOLOGY. Among the samples examined, we detected two novel cases of anomalous structural development. In the first case, an adult paratype female of Neobuthus gubanensis sp. n. bore a malformed right pectine that was greatly abbreviated, with only 5 teeth (Figs. 432–434). The basal-most pectinal tooth had a much reduced sensillar area extending over only the distal third of the tooth, and the distal-most tooth had an unusual proximal annular constriction. Of particular interest was the presence of two hook-like processes on the anterior margin where marginal lamellae are normally positioned. These processes were curved with pointed tips composed of dark, hardened cuticle, resembling telotarsal ungues. Another area of dark, hardened cuticle was expressed along the anterior edge of a single middle lamella exposed in a gap without marginal lamella. A similar case of development of tarsus-like structures in place of normal pectines was recently reported in an immature male of Scorpiops luridus Qi et al., 2005 (family Euscorpiidae) (Di et al., 2018). That case was interpreted as a homeotic mutation, yielding evidence that scorpion pectines are homologous to telopodites (= distal parts of primitive limbs). Our observation of a similar partial pectine-to-leg transformation in a phylogenetically distant buthid taxon supports the notion that this type of mutation, and inferred homology, is characteristic of Order Scorpiones, rather than being merely a phenomenon unique to Euscorpiidae .</p><p>In the second case, an adult male paratype of N. montanus sp. n. exhibited abnormal development of its genital opercula (Figs. 435–437). Normally, male opercula are slightly overlapped along the midline and freely articulate along their anterolateral attachment margins, allowing them to swing open for spermatophore extrusion. In this case, the sclerites were much more overlapped medially, and the right operculum was also posterolaterally attached and thus unable to articulate. Only a single genital papilla was detected by fluorescence behind this attached sclerite, instead of the normal pair of papillae. Interestingly, intact hemispermatophores were extracted from this male, even though it may have been difficult if not impossible for any spermatophore to be extruded via this mostly occluded genital opening.</p><p>SUBORDINATE TAXA. N. amoudensis sp. n., N. awashensis Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012, N. berberensis Hirst, 1911 (type species), N. cloudsleythompsoni Lourenço, 2001, N. erigavoensis sp. n., N. eritreaensis Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016, N. factorio sp. n., N. ferrugineus (Kraepelin, 1898), N. gubanensis sp. n., N. kloppersi sp. n., N. kutcheri Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016, N. maidensis sp. n., N. montanus sp. n., and N. sudanensis Lourenço, 2005 (taxonomic position unclear).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF913914FEF8BC31FB61FA18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF97391EFC2CBDD5FD9DFEAA.text	F24B87D0FF97391EFC2CBDD5FD9DFEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus amoudensis Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus amoudensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 1–54, 402, 438, Tables 1 and 5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A5915</p><p>3F-C8C6-4231-92DA-9A3155D7759A</p><p>Neobuthus ferrugineus: Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3–7 (in part, male from Ethiopia).</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Somaliland, Borama, campus Amoud University, 09°56'49"N 43° 13'23"E, 1394 m a.s.l.; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, Borama, campus Amoud University, 09°56'49"N 43°13'23"E, 1394 m</p><p>a.s.l., 1♂ (holotype) 2♂ ( Nos. 1200, 1201) 5♀ 4juvs. (paratypes), 4-5.II.2017 ( Locality No. 17SA) , 9-13. IX. 2017, 10♂ (Nos. 1306, 1307, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316) 3♀ 9juvs. (paratypes), (Locality No. 17SR). Ethiopia, Dekhata valley, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.364803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.204972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.364803/lat 9.204972)">Babile</a>, Harar, 09°12'17.9"N 42°21'53.3"E, 975 m a.s.l., 17. VII.2011 , 1♂ (paratype), leg. F. Kovařík. Most types including the holotype are in the collection of the first author (FKCP), three paratypes (2♂ 1♀) from 17SR are in the GLPC collection .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. A patronym in honor of Amoud University of Republic of Somaliland.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 18–20 mm (males), 23.5–25.7 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae fuscous; tergites with fuscous variable pigmentation; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.36 –2.50, patella L/ W 2.28 –2.38, chela L/ W 4.17 –4.26; chela movable finger with 6 subrows of primary denticles, 4–5 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 usually present on femur and patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female present, smooth; posterior margins of tergites usually lacking macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderately short, stout macrosetae in males, and long, fine setae in females; males with coxae sparsely granulated, sternites III–VI shagreened to smooth medially, sternite VII finely granulated with 4 weak, granulated carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII with 4 weak granulated carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V in males densely granulated, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 12–16 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 15–22 (males), 14–17 (females).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Total length of adult males 18–20 mm, of adult females 23.5–25.7 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 1; positions and distribution of trichobothria on pedipalps shown in Figs. 34–37, 39 and 41; trichobothrium d 2 usually present on pedipalp femur and present on patella; base color pale yellow to light orange with variable fuscous pigmentation (Figs. 4 and 5) and extensive patterns of dark maculation on pedipalps, metasoma and partially on legs; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males substantially smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in males, smooth and glossy in females; sternites smooth in females, partially granulated in males; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in females than males; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 15–16, 33–52). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in males and smooth in females; femur with five conspicuously granulose carinae, more strongly developed in males; patella with seven granulose carinae in males, and five smooth carinae in females; ventroexternal and dorsoexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female are present and smooth; chela with carinae missing or weakly indicated.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 7, 9, 11–12). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.81 –0.88); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 6–8 macrosetae; anterior median carinae weak, coarsely granular, other carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace.</p><p>Chelicera (Figs. 19–21). Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, medium-sized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 2–14). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five well-defined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI densely granular, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III– VI smooth in females, smooth medially and granulate laterally in males; sternite VII with four well-defined carinae, densely, finely granulated in both sexes; sternum type 1, triangular in shape, smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around a quarter of sternite V in male and around end of sternite IV in female; pectine teeth 15–22 in males, 14–17 in females; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 6–8 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short dark reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 2–4 setae.</p><p>Hemispermatophore (Figs. 22–26). Typical of the genus.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 17–18). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short setae on ventral aspect, 12–16 macrosetae on telotarsus III; tibial spurs moderate on leg IV and almost reduced on leg III.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 27–32). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, macrosetae moderately short in male and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I–III with 10 carinae, IV with 6–8 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I–III with moderate, granulate dorsolateral carinae, other carinae relatively well developed; segment IV with weakly indicated dorsolateral carinae; segment V with strong, granulate to dentate-lobate ventrolateral carinae; segments I–IV with dense granulation on all intercarinal surfaces except dorsal surfaces which are almost smooth, with only solitary granules; segment V densely granular on lateral and ventral surfaces, more coarsely so on ventral surface, granules not arranged along any traces of carinae; telson smooth, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. amoudensis sp. n. from all other species of the genus. According to the distribution (see Fig. 438) the type locality of N. amoudensis sp. n. is near to the localities of N. gubanensis sp. n. and N. factorio sp. n. From these two species N. amoudensis sp. n. can be unequivocally separated by the dorsoexternal carinae on the pedipalp patella which are present in females of N. amoudensis sp. n. (Fig. 46) and absent or only weakly indicated in females of N. gubanensis sp. n. and N. factorio sp. n. (Figs. 167 and 249).</p><p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITY AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality is a riverbed of an occasional river (Fig. 47 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 9, figs. 45–46 in Kovařík et al., 2017: 18, and fig. 145 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 19). The locality lies in the grounds of Amoud University Campus and is a study site for detailed research. The first author (F.K.) visited the locality 17SA on 4–5 February 2017 (winter dry season). At this locality, the authors recorded a daytime temperature of 24.7 ºC (4 February, 16:08 h), and nighttime temperatures of 21.4 ºC shortly after sunset, dropping to 19.3 ºC (minimum temperature on 5 February at 19:20 h). The recorded humidity was 41% on 5 February at 19:20 h. The first author (F.K.) again visited the same locality on 9–13 September 2017 (summer minor dry season, 17SR) and recorded maximum daytime temperatures of 29.1 ºC (10th September 2017) and 31.8 ºC (12 September 2017), and a minimum nighttime temperature of 19.6 ºC. The recorded humidity was between 31% (minimum at night) and 79% (maximum at day). All specimens were collected at night by ultraviolet (UV). At this locality, in addition to N. amoudensis sp. n., the first author also recorded</p><p>Barbaracurus somalicus (Hirst, 1907), Gint amoudensis Kovařík et al., 2018 (type locality), Parabuthus abys-</p><p>sinicus Pocock, 1901 ( Buthidae); Pandinurus kmoniceki Kovařík et al., 2017 (type locality) and Pandinops pugilator (Pocock, 1900) (Scorpionidae) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF97391EFC2CBDD5FD9DFEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF9D391EFF4BB95AFAE7FDA0.text	F24B87D0FF9D391EFF4BB95AFAE7FDA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus awashensis Kovarik & Lowe 2012	<div><p>Neobuthus awashensis Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012</p><p>(Figs. 55–56, 403, 418, 421, 438, Table 5)</p><p>Neobuthus awashensis Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 7–16, figs. 5–6, 18–21, 34–38, 44–47, 67–74, 86, 89, 92, 95–96, 100–101; Kovařík et al., 2015: 30; Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 2–4, figs. 1–6, 158, 161–165.</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.9/lat 8.9)">Awash</a>, Metahara env., 08°54'N 39°54'E, 960-1050 m a.s.l. , FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, Awash, Metahara env., 08°54'N 39°54'E, 960-1050 m a.s.l., 1♀ (paratype), 2008, leg . V. Trailin, 2♀1♀ im. (allotype and paratypes), XI.2010, leg . T. Mazuch and P. Novák, 32♂ (holotype and paratypes) 18♀ (paratypes) 11♀ ims, 5♂ ims (paratypes), 19.-22.VII.2011, leg. F. Kovařík. Most types including holotype are in the collection of the first author (FKCP), other paratypes are in the GLPC, MRAC, RTOC, ZMHB, and ZMUH collections.</p><p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, 11°43'22"N 40° 56'52"E, 457 m a.s.l. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.94778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.722777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.94778/lat 11.722777)">Locality No.</a> 12 EMA), 20.XI. 2012, 1♀1♀ im., leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) , FKCP; 11°43'30"N 40°58'45"E, 404 m a.s.l. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.979168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.724999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.979168/lat 11.724999)">Locality No.</a> 12EM), 20.XI.2012, 1♂, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) , FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.662502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.160555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.662502/lat 10.160555)">Gewane</a>, 10°09'38"N 40°39'45"E, 631 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 12 EO), 23.XI.2012, 1♂ 1♀, leg. F. Kovařík, (UV detection) , FKCP; 09°08'10.4"N 40° 09'45.5"E, 835 m a.s.l. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.16264&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.136222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.16264/lat 9.136222)">Locality No.</a> 12ER), 24.XI. 2012, 12♂ 1♀ 1juv., leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) , FKCP, 26.-27.XI.2014, 8♂ 2♀ 2juvs, leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.9/lat 8.9)">Awash</a>, Metahara env., 08°54'N 39° 54'E, 960- 1050 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 12 EX), 25.XI. 2012, 7♂ 6♀ 5juvs., 27.-30.XI.2014, 7♂ 1♀ (Figs. 55–56), topotypes, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection).</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 18–22 mm (males), 22.5–30 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae fuscous; tergites with fuscous pigmentation unbroken across median area; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.50 –2.70, patella L/ W 2.45 –2.70, chela L/ W 4.63 –5.08; chela movable finger with 5–6 subrows of primary denticles, 3–5 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 usually absent from femur and patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female well developed; posterior margins of tergites with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with short, stout macrosetae in males, and long, fine setae in females; males with coxae sparsely granulated, sternites III–VI lightly shagreened to smooth, sternite VII finely granulated with 4 weak, granulated carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII sparsely shagreened with 4 weak carinae, median carinae granulated; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V in males densely granulated, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 12–19 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 17–21 (males), 15–18 (females).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF9D391EFF4BB95AFAE7FDA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF9D3903FC0FBA2CFD65FD78.text	F24B87D0FF9D3903FC0FBA2CFD65FD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus berberensis Hirst 1911	<div><p>Neobuthus berberensis Hirst, 1911</p><p>(Figs. 57–70, 404–405, 416–417, 438, Table 5)</p><p>Neobuthus berberensis Hirst, 1911: 462–464;? Borelli, 1919: 361, 365;? Borelli, 1931: 219; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 186; Lourenço, 2001: 178, 179, fig. 14; Lourenço, 2005: 27; Lourenço &amp; Qi, 2006: 91; Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3, figs. 1–2, 9–17, 22–27, 39–40, 48, 72; Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 2, 42, 43.</p><p>Butheolus ferrugineus: Kovařík, 2003: 137 (in part); Kovařík, 2004: 4 (in part); Kovařík &amp; Mazuch, 2011: 5.</p><p>Neobuthus ferrugineus: Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3–7, figs. 28, 30 –31, 33, 43, 52–59 (in part).</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Somaliland, Berbera; BMNH.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, Berbera, 1♀ (holotype, Figs. 63–65), purchased G. W. Bury; BMNH No. 1906.3.25.125.</p><p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.036667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.38" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.036667/lat 10.38)">Somaliland</a>, Berbera env., 10°22.8'N 45°02.2'E, 107 m a.s.l., sandy area, (figs. 9 and 13 in Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012), 8.-10.VII.2011, 1♂1♂ im. 2♀1♀ im. 1juv. (topotypes, Figs. 57, 60, 66–70, 404, 416, 427), leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) , FKCP; near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.101166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.258472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.101166/lat 10.258472)">Berbera</a>, 10°15'30.5"N 45°06'04.2"E, 376 m a.s.l., stony area (fig. 59 in Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 12), 12.VII.2011, 1♂ 1♀ 1juv. (Figs. 58–59, 61–62, 405), leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) , FKCP .</p><p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. Total length 20–21 mm (males) and 27–32 mm (females); carapace densely granulated with only anterior median carinae developed, area between these carinae yellow to orange; tergites with fuscous variable pigmentation; pedipalps of female yellow without black spots; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.30 –2.50, patella L/ W 2.40 – 2.55, chela L/ W 4.53 –4.70; chela movable finger with 5–6 subrows of primary denticles, 4–5 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 usually absent from pedipalp femur and patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female well developed; pedipalps including trochanter without dark setae (population from sandy area) or with several setae, posterior margins of tergites without (population from sandy area) or with 1– 2 pairs of macrosetae (population from stony plain); metasomal macrosetae very short in male, stout and spiniform, and long and fine in females (population from stony plain); sternites III–VI without carinae, with dense, fine granulation in males, females with sternites III–VI smooth; sternite VII more strongly granulated without carinae in males, with four weak granulated carinae in females; metasoma I–III with median lateral and dorsal carinae present or at least weakly indicated in both sexes; metasoma I–III dorsally granulated in both sexes; soles of telotarsi with sparse setation, leg III of adults with 9–14 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 17–20 (males), 13–16 (females).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF9D3903FC0FBA2CFD65FD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF803903FF42BAF4FAE7FE27.text	F24B87D0FF803903FF42BAF4FAE7FE27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus cloudsleythompsoni Lourenco 2001	<div><p>Neobuthus cloudsleythompsoni Lourenço, 2001</p><p>(Figs. 406, 438, Table 5)</p><p>Neobuthus cloudsleythompsoni Lourenço, 2001: 179– 182, figs. 15–21; Kovařík, 2003: 137–138; Fet et al., 2005: 12; Lourenço, 2005: 28; Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 16; Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 4–14, figs. 7–42, 94, 96, 148–150, 157, 161.</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia, lower valley of the Omo River, MNHN.</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, Southern Nationalities and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.7365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.844028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.7365/lat 4.844028)">Peoples Region</a> Federal State (SNNPR), "lower valley of the Omo river", <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.7365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.844028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.7365/lat 4.844028)">Chew Bahr</a>, 04°50'38.5"N 36°44'11.4"E, 625 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 13 EW), 5.– 6.VII.2013, 43♂ 6♀8♀ ims., leg. F. Kovařík , V. Socha, V. Trailin (UV detection), FKCP, GLPC .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 18.5–19 mm (males), 23–25 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow; tergites with 3 dark stripes, median stripe flanked on either side by broad, continuous longitudinal yellow bands; pedipalp relatively stout, males with femur L/ W 2.05 –2.38; patella L/ W 2.31 –2.57, chela L/ W 4.40 –5.50; chela movable finger with 4–6 subrows of primary denticles, 3–4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothrium d 2 of pedipalp femur usually absent, d 2 of pedipalp patella present; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; posterior margins of tergites bare or with a pair of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with very short, stout macrosetae in males, long, fine setae in females; males with coxae and sternites III–VI densely, finely granular, sternite VII densely, finely granular with 4 granulated carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII sparsely shagreened with 4 weak carinae, median carinae smooth or weakly granulated; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V in males densely granulated, with granules close but separated; soles of telotarsi with sparse setation, leg III of adults with 13–20 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 15–19 (males), 12–15 (females).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF803903FF42BAF4FAE7FE27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF80390DFC2BB9A7FD1EFCF2.text	F24B87D0FF80390DFC2BB9A7FD1EFCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus erigavoensis Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus erigavoensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 71–123, 129–132, 407, 422, 426, 438, Tables 2 and 5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:137A44</p><p>D0-45F5-4B62-AEB2-0D29529640FF</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Somaliland, Sanaag Region, Buq village near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.18139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.623611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.18139/lat 10.623611)">Erigavo</a>, 10°37'25"N 47°10'53"E, 1723 m a.s.l. ; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. Somaliland, Sanaag Region, Buq village near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.18139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.623611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.18139/lat 10.623611)">Erigavo</a>, 10°37'25"N 47°10'53"E, 1723 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 18SH, Figs. 131–132), 11♂ 10♀2♀ juvs. (holotype and paratypes) , FKCP, 1♂ 1♀ (paratypes), GLPC (Nos. 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538), 27.VIII.2018, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection); Sanaag Region, 5.5 km S-SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.331944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.570278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.331944/lat 10.570278)">Erigavo</a>, 10°34'13"N 47° 19'55"E, 1776 m a.s.l., 1♀ (paratype, Table 2), 25. I.2015, leg . T. Mazuch, FKCP.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the occurrence around Erigavo city.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 20–25 mm (males), 21–25.5 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow; tergites with fuscous variable pigmentation; pedipalps of female yellow without black spots developed; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.45 –2.61, patella L/ W 2.27 –2.35, chela L/ W 4.22 –4.36; chela movable finger with 5–6 subrows of primary denticles, 4–5 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 usually present on femur and absent from patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; posterior margins of tergites without (male) or with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae (female); pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderately short, stout macrosetae in males, and long, fine setae in females; sternites III–VI shagreened to smooth medially in males, females with sternites III–VI smooth; sternite VII finely granulated with 4 weak, granulated carinae in both sexes; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present or at least indicated in both sexes; dorsal metasomal II–V carinae absent; lateral surface of metasoma V in males granulated, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 13–17 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 15–18 (males), 12–16 (females).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Total length of adult males 20–25 mm, of adult females 21–25.5 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 2; positions and distribution of trichobothria on pedipalps shown in Figs. 97–100 and 103–104; trichobothrium d 2 usually present on pedipalp femur, absent from patella; base color pale yellow with fuscous pigmentation reduced (Fig. 73 and 74), pedipalps and legs uniformly yellow with sole dark spot on external pedipalp patella; more extensive patterns of dark maculation present mainly on ventral metasoma; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males clearly smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in males, smooth and glossy in females; sternites smooth in females, partly granulated in males; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in females than males; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 96–115). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in males and smooth in females; femur with three conspicuously granulose carinae, more strongly developed in males; patella and chela with carinae obsolete or only weakly indicated, smooth.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 76, 78, 80, 82). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.82 –0.93); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 8 macrosetae; anterior median carinae weak, coarsely granular in males and smooth in females, other carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace, more so in males.</p><p>Chelicera (Figs. 116–118). Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, medium-sized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 71–83). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five welldefined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI granular in males, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III–VI smooth in females, smooth medially and granulate laterally in males; sternite VII finely granulated with four weak, granulated carinae in both sexes; sternum type 1, triangular in shape, smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around a three quarter of sternite IV in both sexes; pectine teeth 15–18 in males, 12–16 in females; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 6–8 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short dark reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 2–4 setae.</p><p>Hemispermatophore (Figs. 119–123). Typical of the genus.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 84–87). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short setae on ventral aspect, 13–17 macrosetae on telotarsus III; moderate tibial spurs present on legs III and IV.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 88–95). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, macrosetae moderately short in male and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I–III with 6–10 carinae, IV with 4 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I–III with dorsolateral carinae at least indicated and dorsal carinae present in males but absent in females, other carinae relatively well developed; segment IV with only ventral carinae developed; segment V with strong, granulate to dentate-lobate ventrolateral carinae;. segments I–IV with dense granulation on intercarinal surfaces except dorsal surfaces which are smooth; segment V granular on lateral and ventral surfaces, more coarsely so on ventral surface, granules not arranged along any traces of carinae; telson smooth, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. erigavoensis sp. n. from all other species of the genus. According to the distribution (see Fig. 438) the type locality of N. erigavoensis sp. n. is near to the type locality of N. montanus sp. n .. These two species have missing dorsal metasomal carinae in females, a unique character which differentiates them both from other Neobuthus species from Somaliland. The characters which unequivocally separate these two species are presented in the key below.</p><p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITY AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality 18SH (Figs. 131–132) is in rocky semi-desert terrain. The first author visited the locality in the dry season and collected all specimens directly around the school (Fig. 132) at night with a UV light. The school is situated on the margin of Buq village . At this locality, the first author recorded a maximum daytime temperature of 27 ºC, and a minimum nighttime temperature of 17 ºC. The recorded humidity was between 37% (minimum at day) and 69% (maximum at night) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF80390DFC2BB9A7FD1EFCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF8E390DFF49BB72FC23FDFF.text	F24B87D0FF8E390DFF49BB72FC23FDFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus eritreaensis Lowe & Kovarik 2016	<div><p>Neobuthus eritreaensis Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016</p><p>(Figs. 408, 438, Table 5)</p><p>Neobuthus eritreaensis Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 14–26, figs. 43–95, 97, 151–153, 159, 161, tables 2, 4–5.</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Eritrea, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.375774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.616306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.375774/lat 15.616306)">Massawa</a>, 15°36'58.7"N 39°22'32.8"E, 74 m a.s.l. ; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. Eritrea, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.375774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.616306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.375774/lat 15.616306)">Massawa</a>, 15°36'58.7"N 39°22'32.8"E, 74 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 15 EI, fig. 97 in Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 25), 1♂ (holotype) 4♀1♀ im. (paratypes), FKCP, 1♂ 1♀ (paratypes), GLPC, 4.XI. 2015, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection); near Massawa, 15°36'55" 39°24'22"E, 30 m a.s.l., (Locality No. 15 EK), 2♂ 1♀ im. (paratypes) , FKCP, 8.XI.2015, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) .</p><p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. Total length 17–18 mm (males), 26–32 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae partially fuscous; tergites with 3 dark stripes, median stripe flanked on either side by broad longitudinal yellow bands that may be broken by fuscosity extending across anterior tergites; trichobothrium d 2 of pedipalp femur usually absent, d 2 of pedipalp patella present. pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.44 –2.53, patella L/ W 2.47 –2.55, chela L/ W 4.79 –5.06; chela movable finger with 6 subrows of primary denticles, 3–4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; posterior margins of tergites without or with 1–2 macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with very short, stout macrosetae in males, long, fine setae in females; males with coxae and sternites III– VI densely, finely granular, sternite VII densely, finely granular without carinae or 2 vestigial median carinae; females with sternites III– VI smooth, sternite VII finely granular with 4 granulated carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in female, absent in male; lateral surfaces of metasoma I–IV densely granulated in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V in males densely granulated, with granules separated; tarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 13–20 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 19–21 (males), 15–18 (females).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF8E390DFF49BB72FC23FDFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FF8E3937FC47BA6FFE3BFBB3.text	F24B87D0FF8E3937FC47BA6FFE3BFBB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus factorio Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus factorio sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 124–128, 133–181, 409, 438, Tables 1 and 5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F9A4F3</p><p>BD-87D9-44CA-852F-9EAE0081F271</p><p>Neobuthus ferrugineus: Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3–7, figs. 29, 32, 41–42, 50–51, 62–66, 72 (in part).</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.44528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.779722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.44528/lat 9.779722)">Somaliland</a>, Laas Gel, 50 km NE Hargeisa, 09°46'47"N 44°26'43"E, 1043 m a.s.l. ; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.44528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.779722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.44528/lat 9.779722)">Somaliland</a>, Laas Gel, 50 km NE Hargeisa, 09°46'47"N 44°26'43"E, 1043 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 17SF /=17SD/), 1♂ (holotype, No. 1323) 2♀ 1juv.♂ (paratypes) , FKCP, 1♀ (paratypes) GLPC, 28.-30.VIII.2017, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) ; 15 km near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.171665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.981667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.171665/lat 9.981667)">Sheikh</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.171665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.981667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.171665/lat 9.981667)">Goolis mts.</a>, 09°58.9'N 45°10.3'E, 1247 m a.s.l. (figs. 63–64 in Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 13), 10.VII.2011, 1♂ (14O96-97 figs. 32, 42, 50–51, 62–64, 72 in Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3–7), leg. F. Kovařík , FKCP; near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.291668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.768333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.291668/lat 9.768333)">Sheikh</a>, 09°46.1'N 45°17.5'E, 1329 m a.s.l. (fig. 66 in Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 14), 10.-11.VII.2011, 1♀ (14O98- 99 figs. 29, 41, 65–66, 72 in Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3–7), leg. F. Kovařík , FKCP; 15 km N of Sheikh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.527473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.541028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.527473/lat 9.541028)">Goolis Mts.</a>, 09°32'27.7"N 45°31'38.9"E, 1056 m a.s.l (Locality No. 17SB), 2♀ im. (No. 1203), 6.II. 2017, leg. F. Kovařík et D. Král , FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.183056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.943889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.183056/lat 9.943889)">Sheikh</a>, Goolis Mts., 09°56'38"N 45°10'59"E, 1418 m a.s.l (Locality No. 18SK = 17SO), 2♂ (Nos. 1545, 1546), 31.VIII. 2018, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) , FKCP .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after a game made by the son of the first author.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 17–19 mm (males), 24–27 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow to orange; tergites with 3 dark stripes, median stripe flanked on either side by broad longitudinal yellow bands that may be broken by fuscosity extending across anterior tergites; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.42 –2.70, patella L/ W 2.18 –2.28, chela L/ W 4.25 –4.48; chela movable finger with 5 subrows of primary denticles, 4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 usually absent from femur and patella; dorsoexternal carina on pedipalp patella in female weakly indicated, ventroexternal carina absent; smooth dorsal carinae on pedipalp chela present; posterior margins of tergites without or with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderately short, not spiniform macrosetae in males, and long, fine setae in females; males with sternites III–VI shagreened to smooth medially, sternite VII shagreened with 4, granulated carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII with 4 weak granulated carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral and dorsal carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V granulated in both sexes, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 14– 18 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 16–19 (males), 14–18 (females).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Total length of adult males 17–19 mm, of adult females 24–27 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 1; positions and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps shown in Figs. 156–159 and 162–163; trichobothrium d 2 usually absent from femur and patella; base color pale yellow with variable fuscous pigmentation (Figs. 176–179) and patterns of dark maculation on metasoma, pedipalps and legs; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males substantially smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in males, smooth and glossy in females; sternites smooth in females and shagreened to smooth medially in males; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in females than males; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 155–175). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in males and smooth in females; femur with five conspicuously granulose carinae, more strongly developed in males; patella with seven granulose carinae, weakly developed in males and weakly indicated in females; chela with at least dorsal carinae present.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 137, 139, 141–142). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.82 –0.88); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 8 macrosetae; anterior median carinae present, coarsely granular, other carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace.</p><p>Chelicera (Figs. 173–175). Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, medium-sized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 137–144). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five well-defined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI densely granular, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III–VI smooth in females, and shagreened to smooth medially and granulate laterally in males; sternite VII granulated in both sexes, more so in males, with four weak to well-defined carinae; sternum type 1, triangular in shape; smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around half of sternite V in male and around a quarter of sternite IV in female; pectine teeth 16–19 in males, 14–18 in females; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 7–8 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short dark reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 2–4 setae.</p><p>Hemispermatophore (Figs. 173–175). Typical of the genus.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 145–148). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short macrosetae on ventral aspect, 13–16 macrosetae on telotarsus III; tibial spurs moderate on leg IV and almost reduced on leg III.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 149–154). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, macrosetae moderately short in male and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I–III with 10 carinae, IV with 8 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I–III with moderate, granulate dorsolateral carinae, other carinae relatively well developed; segment IV with weakly indicated dorsolateral carinae; segment V with strong, granulate to dentate-lobate ventrolateral carinae; segments I–IV with dense granulation on all intercarinal surfaces except dorsal surfaces which are sparsely granulated; segment V densely granular on lateral and ventral surfaces, more coarsely so on ventral surface, granules not arranged along any traces of carinae; telson tuberculate, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. factorio sp. n. from all other species of the genus. According to the distribution (see Fig. 438) the localities of N. factorio sp. n. are near to the localities of N. berberensis . Males of N. berberensis have the metasoma without setae or with macrosetae very short, stout and spiniform (Figs. 67–68) while males of N. factorio sp. n. have metasoma with macrosetae moderately short, not very spiniform (Figs. 152–154). Females of N. berberensis have dorsoexternal carinae on pedipalp patella well developed while females of N. factorio sp. n. have these carinae absent or weakly indicated.</p><p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality, 17SF (fig. 48 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 10),</p><p>is in rocky semi-desert terrain with the riverbed of an occasional river in the center. N. factorio sp. n. was recorded at night during UV light collecting together with Gint amoudensis Kovařík et al., 2018 (type locality), Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 189 6), Parabuthus heterurus Pocock, 1897 (Buthidae), and Pandinurus sp. (Scorpionidae) . At this locality, the first author recorded maximum daytime temperatures of 33.8 ºC (28th August 2017) and 34.7 ºC (29th August 2017), and a minimum nighttime temperature of 22.8 ºC (29th August 2017) and 23.2 ºC (30th August 2017). The recorded humidity was between 26% and 54%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FF8E3937FC47BA6FFE3BFBB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FFB43937FF69BC33FB4CF99B.text	F24B87D0FFB43937FF69BC33FB4CF99B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus ferrugineus (Kraepelin 1898)	<div><p>Neobuthus ferrugineus (Kraepelin, 1898)</p><p>(Figs. 182–212, 410, 438, Table 1)</p><p>Butheolus ferrugineus Kraepelin, 1898: 43; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 88; Lourenço, 2001: 177, fig. 12; Kovařík, 2003: 137 (in part); Kovařík, 2004: 4 (in part); Lourenço, 2005: 27, fig. 31; Lourenço &amp; Qi, 2006: 91–93.</p><p>Neobuthus ferrugineus: Kraepelin, 1903: 563–564; Vachon, 1980: 255; Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 3–7, figs. 60–61, 72 (in part).</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Djibouti, Gulf of Aden, Tadjura Bay , ZMUH.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Djibouti, Gulf of Aden, Tadjura Bay, 1♂ (holotype, Figs. 213–214) , ZMUH.</p><p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. Djibouti, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.71088&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.309322" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.71088/lat 11.309322)">Barra Yer</a> (Petit Barre), 11°18'33.56"N 42°42'39.17"E, 585 m a.s.l., I. 2017, 1♂ 2♀, FKCP, 1♂ 1♀, GLPC, leg. R. Štarha .</p><p>E MENDED DIAGNOSIS. Total length 19–21 mm (male), 25–27 mm (female); carapace with area between anterior median carinae orange to partially fuscous; tergites with 3 dark stripes, median stripe flanked on either side by broad longitudinal yellow bands that may be broken by fuscosity extending across anterior tergites; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.28 –2.48, patella L/ W 2.40 –2.46, chela L/ W 4.75 –5.95; chela movable finger with 6 subrows of primary denticles, 3–4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; dorsoexternal carina on pedipalp patella in female weakly indicated, ventroexternal carina absent; posterior margins of tergites without or with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with very short, stout macrosetae in males, and long, fine setae in females; males with sternite VII densely granular without carinae or 2 vestigial median carinae; females with sternites III– VI smooth, sternite VII finely granular with 4 vestigial carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in female, absent in male; lateral surfaces of metasoma I–IV densely granulated in male and smooth in female; lateral surface of metasoma V in males densely granulated, with granules separated; tarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 14–18 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 18–21 (males), 16–18 (females).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FFB43937FF69BC33FB4CF99B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FFB43920FC51BE4BFD82F960.text	F24B87D0FFB43920FC51BE4BFD82F960.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus gubanensis Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus gubanensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 213–262, 268–269, 411, 419, 423, 428, 431–434, 438, Tables 2, 5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:997D71</p><p>E3-AC37-4677-BC81-1046C9CFE6A1</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.600278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.43528/lat 10.600278)">Somaliland</a>, Gerissa, N of Borama, 10°36'01"N 43°26'07"E, 245 m a.s.l. ; FKCP.</p><p>T YPE MATERIAL. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.600278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.43528/lat 10.600278)">Somaliland</a>, Gerissa, N of Borama, 10°36'01"N 43°26'07"E, 245 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 17ST, figs. 76–77 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 19), 11.- 12.IX.2017, 1♂ (holotype) 35♂ 18♀ 6juvs. (paratypes) , FKCP, 4♂ 2♀ (paratypes), GLPC ( Nos. 1298, 1299, 1 300, 1322, 1331), leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection).</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the Guban area (guban in Somali language means "burnt land"). It is the zone of hot and dry land along the sea between Djibouti and</p><p>Puntland (Somalia). Gerissa village belongs to the Guban area.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 15–19 mm (males), 24–28 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow to orange; tergites with 3 dark stripes, median stripe flanked on either side by broad longitudinal yellow bands that may be broken by fuscosity extending across anterior tergites; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.38 –2.50, patella L/ W 2.34 –2.44, chela L/ W 4.30 –4.84; chela movable finger with 5 subrows of primary denticles, 4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 present or absent on dorsal surface of femur and usually absent from patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; posterior margins of tergites usually without or rarely with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderately short, not spiniform macrosetae in males, and long, fine setae in females; males with sternites III–VI with dense, fine granulation, sternite VII finely granulated with 4, granulated carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII with 4 weak granulated carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral and dorsal carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V granulated in both sexes, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 12– 16 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 15–19 (males), 13–16 (females).</p><p>D ESCRIPTION. Total length of adult males 15–19 mm, of adult females 24–28 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 1; positions and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps shown in Figs. 237–240 and 243–244; trichobothrium d 2 present or absent on pedipalp femur, usually absent from patella; base color pale yellow to light orange with variable fuscous pigmentation and extensive patterns of dark maculation on metasoma, partially on pedipalps and legs; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males substantially smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in males, smooth and glossy in females; sternites smooth in females and granulated in males; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in females than males; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 236–254). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in males and smooth in females; femur with five conspicuously granulose carinae, more strongly developed in males; patella with seven granulose carinae, weakly developed in males and smooth to absent in females; dorsoexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; chela with carinae missing or weakly indicated.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 217, 219, 221–222). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.82 –0.91); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 6–8 macrosetae; anterior median carinae present, coarsely granular, other carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace.</p><p>Chelicera (Figs. 255–257). Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, medium-sized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 217–224). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five welldefined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI densely granular, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III–VI smooth in females, and dense finely granulated in males; sternite VII granulated in both sexes, more so in males, with four well-defined carinae; sternum type 1, triangular in shape, smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around a quarter of sternite V in male and around a quarter of sternite IV in female; pectine teeth 15–19 in males, 13– 16 in females; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 7–8 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short dark reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 2–4 setae.</p><p>Hemispermatophore (Figs. 258–262). Typical of the genus.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 225–229). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short macrosetae on ventral aspect, 12–16 macrosetae on telotarsus III; moderate tibial spurs present on legs III and IV.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 230–235). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, macrosetae moderately short in male and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I–III with 10 carinae, IV with 6–8 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I–III with moderate, granulate dorsolateral carinae, other carinae relatively well developed; segment IV with weakly indicated dorsolateral carinae; segment V with strong, granulate to dentate-lobate ventrolateral carinae; segments I–IV with dense granulation on all intercarinal surfaces except dorsal surfaces which are sparsely granulated, mainly in females; segment V densely granular on lateral and ventral surfaces, more coarsely so on ventral surface, granules not arranged along any traces of carinae; telson smooth, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. gubanensis sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. According to the distribution (see Fig. 438) the type locality of N. gubanensis sp. n. is near to the locality of N. amoudensis sp. n. and these two species are quite similar. However, the two can be unequivocally separated by the dorsoexternal carinae on the pedipalp patella which are present in females of N. amoudensis sp. n. (Fig. 46) and absent in females of N. gubanensis sp. n. (Fig. 249).</p><p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality, 17ST is sandy semi-desert (figs. 76–77 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 19). The types of Neobuthus gubanensis sp. n. were recorded at night during UV collecting together with Buthus berberensis Pocock, 1900, Compsobuthus somalilandus Kovařík, 2012, Gint gubanensis Kovařík et al., 2018 (type locality), Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 1896), Orthochirus afar Kovařík et al., 2017 (first record for Somaliland), and Parabuthus granimanus Pocock, 1895 (Buthidae) . The first author arrived at the locality at night on 11th September 2017 at 23.00. At this time, the temperature was 32.7 ºC and the humidity 58%. He recorded a mini- imum temperature 29.9 ºC and humidity 47% on 12th September 2017 in the early morning.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FFB43920FC51BE4BFD82F960	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FFA33928FEDEBEECFC7CF905.text	F24B87D0FFA33928FEDEBEECFC7CF905.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus kloppersi Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus kloppersi sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 270–310, 412, 424, 429, 438, Tables 3, 5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7362FE</p><p>D8-B545-4E43-B906-9DEAD8514D21</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Kenya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.530556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.7061111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.530556/lat 0.7061111)">South Horr</a>, Kalama Conservancy, 0°42'22"N 37° 31'50"E ; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Kenya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.530556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.7061111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.530556/lat 0.7061111)">South Horr</a>, Kalama Conservancy, 0°42'22"N 37° 31'50"E (309–310), 8♂ 2 juvs. ♂ ♀ (holotype and paratypes) , VI.–IX.2018, leg. Johan Kloppers, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.932224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.2406945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.932224/lat 2.2406945)">South Horr</a>, near Koros camp, 02°14'26.5"N 36°55'56"E, 1♀ (paratype), 2018, leg. Neil Mcrae , FKCP.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. A patronym in honor of Johan Kloppers, who collected the holotype and took photos used as Figs. 309–310. Johan grew up in South Africa and graduated from the University of Johannesburg with a BSc. degree in Zoology and Botany. He spent the next few years working in the pharmaceutical industry before retiring his suit and ties and deciding to travel the world. During this time he became an underwater naturalist in areas as diverse as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and the Pacific. It was also during this time that he became an Eco-Diver Trainer for the Reef Check Foundation, an international organization dedicated to the conservation of tropical reefs around the globe. Returning to the continent of his birth in 2015, he now works as a Lodge Manager in the Kalama Conservancy of North Central Kenya.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 16–22 mm (males), 25.2 mm (female); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow to orange; tergites with fuscous variable pigmentation; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.34 –2.48, patella L/ W 2.28 –2.29, chela L/ W 4.42 –4.69; chela movable finger with 5–6 subrows of primary denticles, 4–5 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 present on femur and patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; posterior margins of tergites without or with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with macrosetae very short, stout and spiniform in male, and long, fine setae in females; males with sternites III–VII finely granulated without carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII granulated to smooth medially, with 4 granulated carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae absent in female and indicated in males; lateral surface of metasoma V sparsely granulated, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 12–16 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 15–18 (males), 14–16 (females).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Total length of adult males 16–19 mm, of adult female 25.2 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 1; positions and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps shown in Figs. 288–291 and 294–295; trichobothrium d 2 of pedipalp femur and patella present; base color pale yellow to light orange with variable fuscous pigmentation and extensive patterns of dark maculation on pedipalps, metasoma and legs; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males substantially smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in males, smooth and glossy in females; sternites smooth in females and partly granulated in males; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in females than males; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 287–308). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in males and smooth in females; femur granulated in both sexes, with four conspicuously granulose carinae; patella with seven granulose carinae developed in males and tuberculate, with three to five smooth carinae weakly indicated in females; ventroexternal and dorsoexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female absent; chela with smooth carinae weakly indicated.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 274–275). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.82 –0.94); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 8 macrosetae; anterior median carinae developed, coarsely granular, other carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace.</p><p>Chelicera. Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, mediumsized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 270–277). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five welldefined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI densely granular, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III–VI smooth in female, and granulate in males; sternite VII granulated to smooth medially, with 4 granulated carinae in female and finely granulated without or with weak carinae in males; sternum type 1, triangular in shape, smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around a quarter of sternite V in male and around end of sternite IV in female; pectine teeth 15–18 in males, 14–16 in female; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 7–9 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short macrosetae; fulcra with 2–4 setae.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 278–280). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short setae on ventral aspect, 12–16 macrosetae on telotarsus III; tibial spurs moderate on legs III and IV.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 281–286). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, setae very short in males and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I–III with 8–10 carinae, IV with 8 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I–III with well developed granulate dorsolateral carinae and absent (female) or weakly indicated (males) lateral carinae; other carinae relatively well developed; segment V with strong, granulate to dentate-lobate ventrolateral carinae; segments I–IV with dense granulation on all intercarinal surfaces including dorsal surfaces; segment V sparsely granular on lateral and densely granular on ventral surfaces, granules not arranged into any traces of carinae; telson rather smooth, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>A FFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. kloppersi sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. Mainly, metasomal macrosetae very short, stout and spiniform in male (Fig. 425) with a combination of dorsally granulated metasomal segments I–III and absence of lateral carinae on metasomal segments I–III in females (Figs. 429) distinguishing N. kloppersi sp. n. from all other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FFA33928FEDEBEECFC7CF905	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FFAB392DFCFBBEC1FEA1F8ED.text	F24B87D0FFAB392DFCFBBEC1FEA1F8ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus kutcheri Lowe & Kovarik 2016	<div><p>Neobuthus kutcheri Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016</p><p>(Figs. 413, 420, 438, Table 5)</p><p>Neobuthus kutcheri Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016: 26–43, figs. 98–147, 154–156, 160–161, tables 3–5.</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia, Somali State, Liben region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.655087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.113528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.655087/lat 5.113528)">Filtu</a>, 05°06'48.7"N 40°39' 18.3"E, 1229 m a.s.l. ; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. Ethiopia, Somali State, Liben region, Filtu, 05°06'48.7"N 40°39'1 8.3"E, 1229 m a.s.l., (Locality No. 14 EG, figs. 146–147 in Lowe &amp; Kovařík,</p><p>2016: 36), 19.-21.XI.2014, 4♂ (holotype and paratypes) 6♀5♀ ims.7juvs. (paratypes), FKCP, 2♂ 3♀3♀ ims.2juvs. (paratypes), GLPC, leg. F. Kovařík et al. (UV detection) .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 21–23.3 mm (male), 27–31 mm (female); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow; tergites 3-striped with fuscous markings discontinuous, extending into median area, pale patches on either side of median stripe narrowed, disrupted and not forming broad longitudinal yellow bands; pedipalp relatively stout, males with femur L/ W 2.28 –2.30; patella L/ W 2.19 –2.32, chela L/ W 4.40 –4.50; chela movable finger with 4–6 subrows of primary denticles, 4–5 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothrium d 2 of pedipalp femur usually absent, d 2 of pedipalp patella usually present; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female weakly absent; posterior margins of tergites bare, lacking macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderate length, mostly straight macrosetae in males, and long, fine curved setae in females; males with coxae and sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII finely granulated with 4 weak, granulated carinae; females with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII sparsely shagreened with 4 weak carinae, metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V in males with granules fused to form rugose texture, without dense granulation; tarsi densely setose, telotarsi furnished with brushes of long macrosetae, leg III of adults with 24–37 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 17–20 (males), 15–19 (females).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FFAB392DFCFBBEC1FEA1F8ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FFAE3955FC59BB95FE76F8FB.text	F24B87D0FFAE3955FC59BB95FE76F8FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus maidensis Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus maidensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 263–267, 311–348, 414, 417, 438, Tables 4–5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:66CD40</p><p>7D-16F3-4EF1-9C4D-C32D57AD8267</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland, Maid, 11°00'03"N 47°06'30"E, 52 m a.s.l.; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. Somaliland, Maid, 11°00'03"N 47°06' 30"E, 52 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 17SN, fig. 120 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 26 and fig. 38 in Kovařík, 2018: 8), 3.-4.IX.2017, 1♂ (holotype, No. 1320) 1♀ (paratype), leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection), FKCP.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the village of collection.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 19.85 mm (male), 22.46 mm (female); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow to orange; tergites with 3 incomplete dark stripes; pedipalp relatively very slender, male with femur L/ W 2.56, patella L/ W 2.81, chela L/ W 5.33; chela movable finger with 5 subrows of primary denticles, 4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 usually absent from femur and patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female present, smooth; posterior margins of tergites sparsely setose (male) or with 1–2 pairs of macrosetae (female); pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderately short, non- spiniform macrosetae in male, and long, fine setae in female; male with sternites III–VI shagreened to smooth medially, sternite VII finely granulated with 4 granulated carinae; female with sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII with 4 weak granulated carinae; metasoma I–III with median lateral carinae present in both sexes; lateral surface of metasoma V in male densely granulated, with granules separated; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 12–14 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 19–21 (male), 15–16 (female).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Total length of adult male 19.85 mm, of adult female 22.46 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 1; positions and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps shown in Figs. 332–335 and 338–339; trichobothrium d 2 usually absent from femur and patella; base color pale yellow to white with variable fuscous pigmentation and patterns of dark maculation on metasoma, and very weakly on pedipalps and legs; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males substantially smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in male, smooth and glossy in female; sternites smooth in females and partly granulated in male; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in female than male; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 331–346). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in male and smooth in female; femur with five conspicuously granulose carinae, more strongly developed in male; patella with seven granulose carinae developed in male, and five smooth carinae in female; ventroexternal and dorsoexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female present, smooth; chela with smooth carinae indicated in male, and more clearly developed in female.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 315–316). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.82 –0.83); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 6–8 macrosetae; all carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace.</p><p>Chelicera. Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 196 3, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, mediumsized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 311–318). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five welldefined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI granular, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III– VI smooth medially and granulate laterally in male and smooth in female; sternite VII with four well-defined carinae, sternite VII densely, finely granulated in male and weakly granulated in female; sternum type 1, triangular in shape, smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around a quarter of sternite V in male and around end of sternite IV in female; pectine teeth 19 and 21 in male, 15 and 16 in female; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 8–9 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short dark reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 2–5 setae.</p><p>Hemispermatophore (Figs. 263–267). Typical of the genus.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 319–322). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short setae on ventral aspect, 12–14 macrosetae on telotarsus III; tibial spurs moderate on leg IV and reduced, very short on leg III.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 323–330). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, setae moderately short in male and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I–III with 10 carinae, IV with 6–8 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I–III with moderate, granulate dorsolateral carinae, other carinae relatively well developed; segment IV with weakly indicated dorsolateral carinae; segment V with strong, granulate to dentatelobate ventrolateral carinae; segments I–IV with dense granulation on all intercarinal surfaces including dorsal surfaces; segment V densely granular on lateral and ventral surfaces, more coarsely so on ventral surface, granules not arranged along any traces of carinae; telson smooth, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. maidensis sp. n. from all other species of the genus. N. maidensis sp. n. has the narrowest pedipalp patella among all Neobuthus species (Fig. 417) and several other unique characters, mainly almost white color (Figs. 347–348), and indistinct anterior median carapacial carinae. The limited available sample of specimens precludes us from characterizing intraspecific variability of this species.</p><p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality, 17SN is sandy semi-desert to desert (fig. 120 in Kovařík et al., 2018: 26 and fig. 38 in Kovařík, 2018: 8). The types of N. maidensis sp. n. were obtained at night during UV collecting together with Compsobuthus maidensis Kovařík, 2018 (type locality), Gint maidensis Kovařík et al., 2018 (type locality), Hottentotta sp., and Leiurus sp. (Buthidae) . The first author arrived at the locality at night on 3th September 2017 at 21.00. At this time the temperature was 38.6 ºC and humidity 52%. Minimum temperature of 31.9 ºC and humidity of 46% were recorded on 4th September 2017 in the early morning.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FFAE3955FC59BB95FE76F8FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
F24B87D0FFD6395BFC58BE70FB3DF9C5.text	F24B87D0FFD6395BFC58BE70FB3DF9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobuthus montanus Kovařík & Lowe & Awale & Elmi & Abdi 2018	<div><p>Neobuthus montanus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 349–401, 415, 430, 435–438, Tables 4–5) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C17174</p><p>2D-9364-4EEA-B253-C4AC45B9DB29</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.2975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.726944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.2975/lat 10.726944)">Somaliland</a>, Karim village, near Erigavo, 10°43'37"N 47°17'51"E, 2 035– 2070 m a.s.l. ; FKCP.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.2975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.726944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.2975/lat 10.726944)">Somaliland</a>, Karim village, near Erigavo, 10°43'37"N 47°17'51"E, 2035–2070 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 18SC, Fig. 401), 22.VIII.2018, 4♂</p><p>3♀ 1♂ juv. (holotype and paratypes, Nos. 1540, 1541, 1542), FKCP, 1♂ GLPC, leg. F. Kovařík (UV detection) .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. The type locality is in 2035–2070 m a.s.l. and represents the highest altitude where Neobuthus has been collected up to now. All other Neobuthus localities are between 30 and 1776 m a.s.l. That is why we named the new species N. montanus .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 19–22 mm (males), 24–32 mm (females); carapace with area between anterior median carinae yellow; tergites with fuscous variable pigmentation; pedipalp relatively slender, males with femur L/ W 2.18 –2.34, patella L/ W 2.28 –2.44, chela L/ W 4.18 – 4.44; chela movable finger with 5–6 subrows of primary denticles, 4 external accessory denticles flanking proximal end of each subrow; trichobothria d 2 present or absent on dorsal surfaces of femur and patella; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female present, smooth; posterior margins of tergites without or with 2–4 pairs of macrosetae; pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson with moderately short, not spiniform macrosetae in male, and long, fine setae in females; males with sternites III–VI smooth weakly shagreened on margins, sternite VII finely granulated with 4 weak, granulated carinae; females with sternites smooth, sternite VII with 4 weak granulated carinae; metasoma I with median lateral carinae present in both sexes, metasoma II–III with median lateral carinae absent in both sexes; lateral surfaces of metasoma I–V granulated in both sexes, metasoma I–III more densely granulated; dorsal metasomal carinae II–V wholly absent; soles of telotarsi with relatively sparse setation, leg III of adults with 12–14 ventral macrosetae on telotarsus; pectine teeth: 16–20 (males), 13–14 (females).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Total length of adult males 19–22 mm, of adult females 24–32 mm; measurements of carapace, telson, segments of metasoma and pedipalps given in Table 1; positions and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps shown in Figs. 372–375 and 378–379; trichobothrium d 2 present or absent on femur and patella; base color pale yellow with variable fuscous pigmentation and patterns of dark maculation on pedipalps, metasoma and partly on legs; chelicerae yellow with dark reticulation on anterior manus, dentition reddish. Sexual dimorphism: strong, adult males substantially smaller, but without differences in shapes of pedipalps, metasoma and telson; pedipalp patella and femur granulate and matte in males, smooth and glossy in females; sternites smooth in females and partially granulated in males; macrosetae on pedipalps, legs, metasoma and telson much longer and finer in females than males; other sex differences cited below.</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs. 371–390). Pedipalp mostly sparsely hirsute; finely granulated in males and smooth in females; femur with five conspicuously granulose carinae, more strongly developed in males; patella with seven granulose carinae developed in males, and five smooth carinae in females; ventroexternal and dorsoexternal carinae on pedipalp patella in female present, smooth; chela with carinae missing or weakly indicated.</p><p>Carapace (Figs. 353, 355–356). Strongly trapezoidal (narrower anteriorly), wider than long (L/ W 0.81 –0.91); posterior median postocular area flat, anterior median preocular area gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin; lateral flanks steeply sloped; ocular tubercle broad, prominent, located slightly anterior to middle of carapace; anterior margin straight, finely microdenticulate, with coarser granules overlapping edge, bearing 6–8 macrosetae; anterior median carinae weak, coarsely granular, other carinae indistinct; dense granulation covering most of carapace.</p><p>Chelicera (Figs. 391–393). Fingers with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963, Lowe &amp; Kovařík, 2016); fixed finger with large distal denticle, 1 subdistal denticle and 2 basal denticles fused into bicusp, single denticle on ventral surface at level of bicusp; dorsal margin of movable finger with 5 denticles: 1 large distal denticle, medium-sized subdistal and medial, and 2 small, partially fused basal denticles; ventral margin with 2 denticles.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 353–358). Tergites I–VI bear three carinae of which the lateral pair may be less conspicuous mainly on tergites I–IV; tergite VII bears five welldefined carinae (median, submedians and laterals); tergites I–VI densely granular, with coarser granules on posterior lateral areas; tergite VII densely granular; sternites III–VI smooth in both sexes, but weakly shagreened on margins in males; sternite VII with four well-defined carinae and densely, finely granulated in both sexes; sternum type 1, triangular in shape, smooth, with deep posteromedian invagination; genital opercula smooth; genital papillae present; pectines extending to around end of sternite IV in male and around a quarter of sternite IV in female; pectine teeth 16–20 in males, 13– 14 in females; combs with 3 marginal lamellae and 6–8 middle lamellae; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with dense cover of short dark reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 2–4 setae.</p><p>Hemispermatophore (Figs. 394–398). Typical of the genus.</p><p>Legs (Figs. 359–362). Coxa, femora, patella and tibia of all legs bearing variable numbers of short to medium length, straight, dark-reddish macrosetae; tarsi with mix of short and longer, dark-reddish macrosetae; basitarsi I– III slightly compressed with flat retrolateral surfaces, with bristle combs consisting of retrosuperior series of longer macrosetae, plus retroinferior and proinferior series of shorter macrosetae; telotarsi with two rows of short macrosetae on ventral aspect, 12–16 macrosetae on telotarsus III; tibial spurs moderate on leg IV and reduced on leg III.</p><p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 363–370). Metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute, setae moderately short in male and longer in female, straight and reddish; metasomal segments I with 10 carinae, II– IV with 4–6 carinae, V with 2 carinae; segments I with moderate, granulate dorsolateral carinae, other carinae relatively well developed; segments II–V without dorsal carinae; segment V with strong, granulate to dentate-lobate ventrolateral carinae; segments I–IV with granulation on all intercarinal surfaces except dorsal surfaces which are smooth; segment V granular on lateral and ventral surfaces, more coarsely so on ventral surface, granules not arranged along any traces of carinae; telson smooth, ventral surface sparsely, weakly granular; vesicle slightly elongated; aculeus stout, shorter than vesicle, tip of aculeus almost vertically directed.</p><p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish N. montanus sp. n. from all other species of the genus. According to the distribution (see Fig. 348) the type locality of N. montanus sp. n. is near to the localities of N. erigavoensis sp. n .. These two species have missing dorsal metasomal carinae in females (Fig. 422), a unique character which differentiates these two species from all other Neobuthus species from Somaliland (Fig. 423). The characters which unequivocally separate these two species are presented in the key below.</p><p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITY AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality 18SC (Fig. 401) is a semi-rocky plain on the margin of Karim village very near the mountain pass in Daalo Forest and near to the station on the top where we tried to collect scorpions at an altitude of 2180 m without success. The first author visited the locality in the dry season and collected all specimens at night with UV light with the help of Petra Frýdlová and Tomáš Mazuch. At this locality, the first author recorded a minimum nighttime temperature of 15 ºC. The recorded humidity was 67% (maximum at night) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24B87D0FFD6395BFC58BE70FB3DF9C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim;Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman;Abdi, Ali	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, Abdi, Ali (2018): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII. Revision of Neobuthus, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae). Euscorpius 271: 1-82
