identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EC398785872AFFC6FF24FED55FE8FDB6.text	EC398785872AFFC6FF24FED55FE8FDB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Branchiomma bairdi (McIntosh 1885) McIntosh 1885	<div><p>Branchiomma bairdi (McIntosh, 1885)</p><p>(Figures 2, 10 A)</p><p>Dasychone bairdi McIntosh, 1885: 495 –497, pl. 30A, Figs 13 –16; pl. 39A, Figs 2, 9. Type locality: St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles.</p><p>Dasychone bairdi . — Monro 1933a: 267 (Dry Tortugas, Florida); Rioja 1952: 513 –516: pl. 1, Figs 1–7 (Sacrificios Island, Veracruz).</p><p>Branchiomma bairdi . — Johansson 1927: 167 (new combination); Tovar-Hernández &amp; Knight-Jones 2006: 13 –17, Figs 3 A–D, H–K, 9C–D, 10C, 11B (type revision and new records from Florida, Mexican Caribbean, Atlantic side of Panamá and Lesser Antilles; intertidal to 1 m); Ҫinar 2009: 2320–2322, Fig. 13 (as exotic species in the Levantine Sea, Turkey, and Cyprus; intertidal to 8 m, on mud, ropes, rocks and algae); Tovar-Hernández 2009: 508 (identification key for Tropical America); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009a: 2 –5, Figs 2–4 (exotic in Mazatlán, Sinaloa) ; Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 321 – 325, Figs 2 a, d–e, h, 3a–b, 4a–b, 5a–b (invasive in Mazatlán, Sinaloa); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012: 47 (Guasave and Ahome, Sinaloa, in shrimp farms of Litopenaeus vannamei [Boone], and oyster farms of Crassostrea sikamea [Amemiya], C. gigas [Thunberg] and C. corteziensis [Hertlein]); Tovar-Hernández &amp; Yáñez-Rivera 2012a: 167 –190 (risk analysis); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 10–11 (exotic in Balandra Beach and La Paz, Baja California Sur; Guaymas and San Carlos, Sonora; Guasave, Ahome, Mazatlán and Topolobampo, Sinaloa) ; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 324, Fig. 19.1a (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Ramalhosa et al. 2014: 2 –4 (Madeira Island, Portugal); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 390 (several marinas and harbors of Sinaloa, Sonora and Baja California Sur); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 106 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Branchiomma cf. bairdi . — Capa &amp; López 2004: 70 –71, Fig. 5 A–I (Coiba Island, Panamá, on dead coral).</p><p>Material examined. More than 255 specimens.</p><p>Baja California: UANL 7843, 5 spec. (Bahía de los Ángeles, main pier, sta. 1: 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’25.3”W, April 17–18, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7902 (same, sta. 2: 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’24.9”W, April 17–18, 2010, coll. JAL).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7848, 6 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.26559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.340334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.26559/lat 27.340334)">Santa Rosalía</a>, sta. 1, 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, March 31, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7844 (same, sta. 3: 27°20’24.5”N, 112°15’56.1”W, April 19, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7845, 112 spec. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.31145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.814388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.31145/lat 25.814388)">Puerto Escondido</a>, sta. 1, 25°48’51.8”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 19-20, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7849, 3 spec. (same, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7846, 8 spec. ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, sta. 1, 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7851, 19 spec. (same, sta. 2: 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.2”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7850, 19 spec. ( Marina Palmira, La Paz, 24°11’05.3”N, 110°18’12.8”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7852, 3 spec. ( Marina de La Paz, sta. 1: 24°09’17.7”N, 110°19’32.3”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7854, 15 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.674385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.061777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.674385/lat 23.061777)">Puerto Los Cabos</a>, San José del Cabo, sta. 1: 23°03’42.4”N, 109°40’27.8”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7903, 20 spec. (same, sta. 2: 23°03’42.2”N, 109°40’29.5”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7847, 7 spec. ( Marina Cabo San Lucas, sta. 1, 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7853, 13 spec. (same, sta. 1: 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 702, 2 spec. (mouth of Corralero Lagoon, rocky substrate, intertidal, December 8, 2006, coll. RBZ); UMAR-Poly 703, 3 spec. (same, March 24, 2010, coll. KCC); UMAR-Poly 704, some spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 705, some spec. (same, hull of the shrimp boat “Golfo Pérsico”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP); UMAR-POLY 701 (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (6 m). On mangrove roots and rocks. From anthropogenic substrates in ports and marinas, at pier piles, boat hulls, buoys, ropes, as well as oyster and shrimp farms (Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Caribbean. As exotic/invasive species in several sites from the Gulf of California (Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California and Baja California Sur), Chacahua Lagoon and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca (Tovar-Hernández &amp; Knight-Jones 2006; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012); Coiba Island, Panamá (Capa &amp; López 2004); Levantine Sea and Cyprus (Ҫinar 2009) and Madeira Island (Ramalhosa et al. 2014).</p><p>Remarks. Tovar-Hernández et al. (2009a) recorded Branchiomma bairdi for the first time from Mazatlán and around; it also was reported from some beaches in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur; from Guaymas and San Carlos ports, Sonora; and from Ahome, Guasave and Topolobampo, Sinaloa (Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012). The species has a strong colonizing capacity, since it is a hermaphrodite and also due to its brief larval stage it can reach high densities starting with few specimens; thus, it is competing with local encrusting fauna for space and food resources (Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b). A recent technical report and risk analysis concluded that the species is now established in some ports, marinas and beaches in the Gulf of California and should be treated as an exotic/ invasive species (Tovar-Hernández &amp; Yáñez-Rivera 2012a; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785872AFFC6FF24FED55FE8FDB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858729FFC6FF24FD6F58C4FA46.text	EC3987858729FFC6FF24FD6F58C4FA46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megalomma carunculata Tovar-Hernandez & Salazar-Vallejo 2008	<div><p>Megalomma carunculata Tovar-Hernández &amp; Salazar-Vallejo, 2008</p><p>(Figures 2, 10 B–C)</p><p>Megalomma carunculata Tovar-Hernández &amp; Salazar-Vallejo, 2008: 1957 –1961, Figs 1–2. Type locality: Punta Manzanillo, Acapulco, Guerrero . Also from Huatulco and Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, 1–1.5 m.</p><p>Megalomma carunculata . — Tovar-Hernández &amp; Carrera-Parra 2011: 18 –19 (new record from Acapulco, in sponge); Bastida- Zavala et al. 2013: 348 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. Four specimens.</p><p>Baja California: UANL 7855 (Bahía de los Ángeles, sta. 1, 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’25.3”W, March 31, 2011, coll. JAL).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7856 ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, Sta. 1, 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL).</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 706 (Morro Colorado, Zihuatanejo, in Pocillopora damicornis [ Linnaeus, 1758], 1.5 m, November 30, 2010, coll. SGG).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 707 (El Maguey Beach, in dead corals, intertidal, July 4, 2007).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (1.5 m). Tide pools and in sponge (Tovar-Hernández &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2008; Tovar-Hernández &amp; Carrera-Parra 2011); on corals and on anthropogenic substrates in marinas (from Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California, and Marina Cantamar, Baja California Sur). Occasionally as part of fouling fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Mexican Pacific, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca.</p><p>Remarks. Megalomma carunculata is a big species, with a length of 7 to 16 cm; however, it is extremely rare in the Mexican Pacific (Tovar-Hernández &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858729FFC6FF24FD6F58C4FA46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858729FFC7FF24F9EB5A51FDB7.text	EC3987858729FFC7FF24F9EB5A51FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasabella pallida Moore 1923	<div><p>Parasabella pallida Moore, 1923</p><p>(Figures 2, 10 D)</p><p>Parasabella pallida Moore, 1923: 241 –242. Type locality: Off Santa Cruz Lighthouse , California, 18 m, fine gray sand and rock.</p><p>Parasabella pallida . — Loi 1980: 144; Tovar-Hernández &amp; Harris 2010: 15 (mistake as a new combination); Villalobos- Guerrero et al. 2014: 106 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Demonax pallidus . — Perkins 1984: 313–315, Figs 15–16 (new combination); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 325–326, Figs 2 b, f, 3c-d, 4c-e (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa).</p><p>Material examined. Six specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7857, 4 spec. (Puerto Escondido, sta. 1: 25°48’51.8”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB); UANL 7858, 2 spec. (same, sta. 2: 25°48’53.1”N, 111°18’40.5”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (18 m, Moore 1923). Fine gray sand and rock ( Moore 1923); also from anthropogenic substrates in marinas (from Puerto Escondido, Baja California Sur and Mazatlán, Sinaloa). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. California to Gulf of California (only in marinas).</p><p>Remarks. Moore (1923) described this species in Parasabella and Perkins (1984) transferred it to Demonax; however, all species in Demonax were synonymized with Parasabella (Tovar-Hernández &amp; Harris 2010) . This species is a new record for the Gulf of California, it is possibly an exotic species introduced by yachts from California.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858729FFC7FF24F9EB5A51FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858728FFC7FF24FCBB5825FA5A.text	EC3987858728FFC7FF24FCBB5825FA5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudobranchiomma punctata (Treadwell 1906) Treadwell 1906	<div><p>Pseudobranchiomma punctata (Treadwell, 1906)</p><p>(Figures 2, 10 E–F)</p><p>Laonome punctata Treadwell, 1906: 1179, Figs 76–77. Type locality: Puata Bay and Waialea, Oahu, Hawaii. Pseudobranchiomma punctata . — Nogueira &amp; Knight-Jones 2002: 1663 –1665, Fig. 1 (redescription); Knight-Jones &amp; Mackie 2003: 2282, 2296 (new combination, new record from New Caledonia) .</p><p>Material examined. 106 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7859, 23 spec. ( Marina Palmira, La Paz, 24°11’05.3”N, 110°18’12.8”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7860, 11 spec. ( Marina de La Paz, sta. 2: 24°09’17.6”N, 110°19’32.2”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7861, 36 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.674385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.061777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.674385/lat 23.061777)">Puerto Los Cabos</a>, San José del Cabo, sta. 1: 23°03’42.4”N, 109°40’27.8”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7904, 36 spec. (same, sta. 2, 23°03’42.2”N, 109°40’29.5”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal. In coral reefs (Nogueira &amp; Knight-Jones 2002) and on anthropogenic substrates in marinas (from La Paz and San José del Cabo, Baja California Sur). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaii and southern part of Baja California Peninsula (only in marinas and ports).</p><p>Remarks. In their redescription of Pseudobranchiomma punctata Nogueira &amp; Knight-Jones (2002) mentioned 5–9 thoracic segments and colorless radioles, without serration or compound eyes; however, the specimens revised here have 4–14 thoracic segments, and dark-brown radioles with 3–4 eyespots on each radiole.</p><p>Pseudobranchiomma punctata is a new record for Baja California Sur . Since all records were from marinas, it is possibly an exotic species introduced by yachts directly from Hawaii . Alternatively, the species came from California; however, to date no records from California have been published.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858728FFC7FF24FCBB5825FA5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858727FFC9FF24FA255AB9FCB2.text	EC3987858727FFC9FF24FA255AB9FCB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides crucigera	<div><p>Crucigera websteri Benedict, 1887</p><p>(Figures 3, 10 H–I)</p><p>Crucigera Websteri Benedict, 1887: 550–551, pl. 21, Figs 24–25; pl. 22, Figs 26–30. Type locality: 29º16’30”N, 85º32’W, off Florida, USA, sta. 2369, 43.5 m.</p><p>Serpula (Crucigera) websteri .— Monro 1928: 101 ( Taboga Island, Panamá, 7–9 m, on sand and rocks); Monro 1933b: 1079 – 1080 (Taboga Island, Panamá, 2–4 m, on dead broken coral); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Crucigera websteri .— Treadwell 1914: 227 (San Pedro, Southern California); Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941: 57 (Newport Bay, Southern California, from “boat bottom”); Hartman 1961: 44 (Southern California, on rocky habitats); Hartman 1969: 751–752, Figs 1–4 (Southern California; figures from Benedict 1887); ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs 1984: 155–160, Figs 3 a, 4j–l, 5a, 6a–e, 7a–k, 10e, 12 (revision of the genus, from Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific specimens; 2–86 m) ; de León-González 1990: 336, Fig. 3 a–d ( Punta San Juanico and Cabo San Lázaro, Baja California Sur; 27–30 m) ; Salazar- Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 16–17, fig. 4C–D (Southern California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 0–73 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 531, Figs 1 G, 5E (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 36 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. Eight specimens.</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 709 (Corralero Lagoon, on rocks, March 23, 2010, coll. FAG); UMAR-Poly 710, 7 spec. (same, on rocks, April 18, 2013, coll. LLR et al.).</p><p>Habitat. Depth: Intertidal to 73 m (Bastida-Zavala 2008); ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs (1984) recorded 2– 86 m. Occasionally as part of fouling fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Amphi-American. From Florida and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; Southern California (San Pedro, Newport Bay, Santa Barbara Island), western coast of Baja California Sur (Punta San Juanico and Cabo San Lázaro), Guerrero (Acapulco), Oaxaca (Puerto Escondido), Panamá (Taboga Island) (Treadwell 1914; Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941; ten Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs 1984; Bastida-Zavala 2008); also from Humboldt Bay, Northern California (Bastida-Zavala et al. unpublished data); and Corralero Lagoon, Oaxaca (this work).</p><p>Remarks. Crucigera websteri is recorded from few localities in the Eastern Pacific . In general, it was represented by few specimens. The record of Treadwell (1914) from San Pedro, California, is evidence that this species has been in the Eastern Pacific before the opening of the Panamá Canal (August, 1914), as his samples were collected in 1912 or before. Bastida-Zavala (2008) revised the Treadwell’s specimen in LACM-AHF (N8819) shown in Figure 10 I.</p><p>Fouling records of this species are uncommon, only one specimen has been recorded by Berkeley &amp; Berkeley (1941) from a “boat bottom”, Newport Bay, Southern California; one specimen from “floats and piles…”, Newport Bay (Bastida-Zavala 2008); and one specimen from a fouling plate in Humboldt Bay, Northern California (Bastida- Zavala et al. unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858727FFC9FF24FA255AB9FCB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858726FFC9FF24FC6B5AC2F909.text	EC3987858726FFC9FF24FC6B5AC2F909.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficopomatus miamiensis (Treadwell 1934) Treadwell 1934	<div><p>Ficopomatus miamiensis (Treadwell, 1934)</p><p>Sphaeropomatus miamiensis Treadwell, 1934: 339 –341, Figs 1–5, fig. 9. Type locality: Miami River, Florida, USA.</p><p>Ficopomatus miamiensis .— ten Hove &amp; Weerdenburg 1978: 106–109, Figs 1 f–i, 3c, 4h–i, q, v–w, ee–ii, xx, 5a–b (revision); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 92 (unknown locality, probably from Costa Rica or Panamá, on mangrove oysters, Ostrea iridiscens Hanley and O. columbiensis [Hanley]); Salgado-Barragán et al. 2004: 169 –171 (exotic in Urías Estuary, near to Mazatlán, Sinaloa, collected in 1999); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 19–21 (same, and Miraflores Spillway, Canal Zone, Panamá, collected in 1973); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 327 –328, Figs 3 g-i, 6a, 7a-c (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa) ; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012: 50 (same as Salgado-Barragán et al. 2004); Tovar-Hernández &amp; Yáñez-Rivera 2012b: 193 –212, Figs 1–7 (risk analysis); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 12–13 (exotic in shrimp culture pond from La Paz, Baja California Sur); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 19 –21, Fig. 2 i (same).</p><p>Ficopomatus sp.— Hendrickx &amp; Meda-Martínez 2001: 56 –57 (in shrimp culture ponds, Urías Estuary, Sinaloa).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (3 m, Bastida-Zavala 2008). In tropical and subtropical brackish-waters lagoons; also in aquaculture shrimp ponds. On mangrove roots from Sinaloa, with salinity range of 27–46 ups and temperature range of 22–31.5°C (Tovar-Hernández &amp; Yáñez-Rivera 2012b). Fouling and invasive species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Salgado-Barragán et al. 2004; Tovar-Hernández &amp; Yáñez-Rivera 2012b).</p><p>Distribution. Native to the tropical Western Atlantic. Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea (ten Hove &amp; Weerdenburg 1978). Ficopomatus miamiensis is exotic in the Pacific side of Panamá and Gulf of California.</p><p>Remarks. Ficopomatus miamiensis not was found in this study, but see Overview of the sabellid and serpulid introductions, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858726FFC9FF24FC6B5AC2F909	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858726FFCAFF24F96F59A2FC56.text	EC3987858726FFCAFF24F96F59A2FC56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficopomatus uschakovi (Pillai 1960) Pillai 1960	<div><p>Ficopomatus uschakovi (Pillai, 1960)</p><p>(Figures 3, 10 G)</p><p>Neopomatus uschakovi Pillai, 1960: 28 –32, Text-figures 10H, 11A–H, 12A-H, plate I, Figs 1–2. Type locality: Panadura River estuary, Madu Ganga estuary at Balapitiya and Ratgama Lake at Dodanduwa, Sri Lanka, on shells, stones, coconut leaves and “fish-kraals” (maybe a type of trap).</p><p>Ficopomatus uschakovi . — ten Hove &amp; Weerdenburg 1978: 109–112, Figs 2 a–d, 3a, f–k, 4j–n, r, x–z, jj–mm, yy, 5d (revision); Okolodkov et al. 2007: 40 (as potential exotic species in the Mexican Pacific); de Assis et al. 2008: 51–58, Fig. 2 A–G (Brazil) ; Bastida-Zavala 2009: 530, Figs 1 J–K, 5M (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 42 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Liñero-Arana &amp; Díaz-Díaz 2012: 234–237, fig. 1a–j (Venezuela); Bastida-Zavala &amp; García-Madrigal 2012: 48–52, Figs 1 A-E, 2A-I (Chiapas, Mexican Pacific); Arteaga-Flórez et al. 2014: 1–11, Fig. 2 A- F (Colombian Caribbean); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 325–326, Figs 19.1j–k (exotic in the Mexican Pacific).</p><p>Material examined. Several empty tubes. Tube white to brown or orange, sometimes covered by a dark film of green microalgae; with small to prominent peristomes, sometimes with low growth rings; lacks longitudinal ridges and alveoli (Fig. 2 K).</p><p>Chiapas: UMAR-Poly 708-OH, empty tubes (La Encrucijada Lagoon, sta. 2, on wooden trunk, salinity= 19.39 PSU, August 28, 2014, coll. CPR).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to 1 m. In coastal lagoons, on mangrove roots and gastropod shells, with salinity range of 19.39–35 PSU (Bastida-Zavala &amp; García-Madrigal 2012). On shells, stones, coconut leaves and fish-kraals (Pillai 1960). Fouling species, at least on PVC plates in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Bastida-Zavala, personal observation).</p><p>Distribution. Native to the Indo-West Pacific. Ficopomatus uschakovi was recorded as exotic from the Gulf of Guinea; in Sossego Creek, Brazil; in Morocoto Creek, Venezuela; in La Encrucijada Lagoon, Chiapas; and in Gulf of Urabá, Colombian Caribbean (ten Hove &amp; Weerdenburg 1978; de Assis et al. 2008; Liñero-Arana &amp; Díaz-Díaz 2012; Bastida-Zavala &amp; García-Madrigal 2012; Arteaga-Flórez et al. 2014).</p><p>Remarks. Ficopomatus uschakovi was described in the monotypic genus Neopomatus Pillai, 1960, based on a single autapomorphic character: fused thoracic membranes. Ten Hove &amp; Weerdenburg (1978) revised five monotypic genera, including Neopomatus, morphologically rather similar ‒especially regarding the chaetation pattern‒ and occurring in brackish water, and synonymized them with the genus Ficopomatus . The decision to maintain Neopomatus (Pillai 2008; Li et al. 2012) cannot be solved on the basis of morphological characters only, it is necessary to perform a phylogenetic analysis including both morphological and molecular characters (Elena Kupriyanova &amp; Harry ten Hove, pers. comm. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858726FFCAFF24F96F59A2FC56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858725FFCAFF24FBCF5BA0F9E1.text	EC3987858725FFCAFF24FBCF5BA0F9E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides alatalateralis (Jones 1962) Jones 1962	<div><p>Hydroides alatalateralis (Jones, 1962)</p><p>Eupomatus alatalateralis Jones, 1962: 205 –207, Figs 139–146. Type locality: Port Royal, Jamaica.</p><p>Hydroides alatalateralis (Jones, 1962) .— Laverde-Castillo 1986: 128 and 1988: 88 (Colombian Pacific; brackish-water bay with salinity range of 18–23 PSU, 1–10 m, on rocks); Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 842–844, Fig. 1 a, w (Louisiana and Cuba); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002: 115–118, Figs 5 A–O, 9A–F, 10 (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Montserrat, Cura ҫao, Atlantic Colombia; 0–20 m).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (20 m); on corals and sponges (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002). Laverde-Castillo (1988: 88) collected one specimen from a Colombian brackish-water bay (salinity range of 18–23 PSU), on rocks.</p><p>Distribution. Hydroides alatalateralis is native to the tropical Western Atlantic. Northern Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002). Laverde-Castillo (1988) recorded the only specimen on the Pacific side of Colombia.</p><p>Remarks. The species was not found in this study, but see Overview of the sabellid and serpulid introductions, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858725FFCAFF24FBCF5BA0F9E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858725FFCCFF24F9075E26FED4.text	EC3987858725FFCCFF24F9075E26FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides amri Sun, Wong, ten Hove, Hutchings, Williamson & Kupriyanova 2015	<div><p>Hydroides cf. amri Sun, Wong, ten Hove, Hutchings, Williamson &amp; Kupriyanova, 2015</p><p>(Figures 3, 11 A, Table 1)</p><p>Hydroides amri Sun, Wong, ten Hove, Hutchings, Williamson &amp; Kupriyanova, 2015: 14 –20, Fig. 3 a–b, Fig. 4 a–h, Map 3. Type locality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.89528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.603333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.89528/lat -34.603333)">South Bass Point</a>, New South Wales, 34°36’12”S, 150°53’43”E, on rock.</p><p>Hydroides brachyacantha not Rioja, 1941a.— Dew 1959: 28 –29 (only in part, according to Sun et al. 2015); Straughan 1967: 222 (apparently only specimens from Jervis Bay, Sydney, according to Sun et al. 2015); Straughan 1969: 232 (Black Point, Oahu, Hawaii, sample from 1939); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77 –78 (Oahu Island, Hawaii, reef slope); Bailey-Brock 1987: 419 – 420, Fig. 3.II.189a–b (Hawaii).</p><p>Hydroides brachyacanthus not Rioja, 1941a.—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 75, Figs 3 L–M ( Oahu, Hawaii); Kupriyanova et al. 2006: 423, 430 (South Australia, DNA data); Kupriyanova et al. 2008: 428–431 (South Australia, DNA data). Eupomatus ralumianus not Augener, 1927.— Poore et al. 1975: 30 (Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, probably juvenile, according to Sun et al. 2015).</p><p>Material examined. 5 specimens.</p><p>Hawaii: LACM s.n., 5 spec. ( Oahu, Hawaii, five samples from 1972: X2-5, July 8; X3-2, July 9; X5-1, July 11; X14-3, July 17; coll. Dale Straughan).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (20.5 m, Sun et al. 2015). Temperate waters, on natural substrates: rocks, sponges, weed &amp; ascidians on boulders, Ecklonia radiata holdfasts, in mixed red algae, orange solitary corals, dead corals, bryozoan colonies, in calcareous algae and Idanthyrsus sabellariid tubes, platform rock with gullies, surf swept rock-flat and lagoon, under ledge, underneath boulders and in crevices in rock pools; on man-made substrates: woodchip berth, subtidal wharf pile, breakwater, and on hull of SS “Bonthorp” (Sun et al. 2015).</p><p>Distribution. Hydroides cf. amri is recorded only from Hawaii.</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides amri sensu stricto was collected in both natural and man-made substrates, including the hull of a ship (Sun et al. 2015); this species has potential to be introduced to other temperate and subtropical regions by ships.</p><p>Sun et al. (2015: 20) suggested that the specimens recorded from Hawaii as Hydroides cf. brachyacanthus by Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2003), probably correspond, morphologically, with H. amri, but also recommended additional studies to decide if Hydroides cf. brachyacantha from Hawaii is in fact H. amri . Re-examining the morphological data of the Hawaiian specimens, we can confirm that the characters of the opercula, mainly the three dorsal bigger spines, as well as the number of radioles, tube and thorax measurements, are more similar to H. amri than to H. brachyacantha sensu stricto (Table 1). Sun et al. (2016b) found that H. amri comprises two non-sister clades, and based on their genetic lineage described a new species from South Australia, Hydroides nikae Sun, Wong, Tovar-Hernández, Williamson &amp; Kupriyanova, 2016b . The same may happen with H. cf. amri from Hawaii, but only a phylogenetic analysis could solve their identity, something that is out of the scope of this work.</p><p>Straughan (1969) mentioned “Smaller spines have a blunt tooth projecting from the outside of the curve”, a character that coincides with the description of Hydroides amri . Bailey-Brock (1976; 1987) recorded H. brachyacantha from the Hawaiian Islands and, at least in her work of 1987 (Fig. 3.II.189a–b) reproduces the figures of Dew (1959, Fig. 7) from Australia. In our opinion all historical records from Hawaii belong to H. cf. amri .</p><p>average: 0.99 1.45 2.55 0.87 2.83 12.70 11.04 4.06 0.84 28.55 7.38</p><p>......continued on the next page Tube Thorax Radiole Operculum</p><p>Internal External Number Number Peduncle Opercular Number Number</p><p>Species Length Width Length</p><p>diameter diameter left side right side length diameter of radii of spines minimum: 0.80 1.30 2.10 0.80 2.10 11.00 6.00 3.50 0.80 26 7</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858725FFCCFF24F9075E26FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858723FFCDFF24FC3C5F20FA67.text	EC3987858723FFCDFF24FC3C5F20FA67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides brachyacantha Rioja 1941	<div><p>Hydroides brachyacantha Rioja, 1941a</p><p>(Figures 3, 11 B)</p><p>Hydroides brachyacantha Rioja, 1941a: 169 –172, pl. 3, Fig. 2, pl. 4, Figs 1–9. Type locality: Mazatlán , Sinaloa; and La Aguada Beach, Caleta Beach and Hornos Beach, Acapulco, Guerrero, on rocks. Neotype designated by Sun et al. (2016) from Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western México .</p><p>Hydroides brachyacantha .— Rioja 1941b: 733 (same as above); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Puerto Ángel Beach, La Entrega Beach and Cacaluta Beach, Oaxaca, rocks and coral); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (Socorro Island, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 48 (mentioned only).</p><p>Eupomatus brachyacantha .— Rioja 1960: 255 (Vargas Lozano Bay, Socorro Island, on Eucidaris thouarsii [L. Agassiz &amp; Desor] spines and rocks); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Hydroides albiceps (not Grube, 1870).— López-García et al. 1997: 66 ( Coiba Island, Panamá, on dead coral; pictures revised by Bastida-Zavala).</p><p>Hydroides brachyacanthus .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 73–76, Figs 3 A–M, 7A–F (California, Baja California, Sonora, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Costa Rica, Panamá, Ecuador; 0–23 m); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Lewis et al. 2006: 669 (ten Hove identified specimens from the tall ship “Gorch Fock” in Sydney, Australia); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 22–23, fig. 6C (Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 0–10 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 538, Fig. 1 R (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 52 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 328–330, Figs 3 j, 7d-f (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa) ; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Morales de Anda et al. 2014: 125 (Navidad Bay, Jalisco); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>not Hydroides brachyacantha /us sensu auctore. —records from Australia and Hawaii have been referred, respectively, to H. amri or H. cf. amri .</p><p>Material examined. 116 specimens.</p><p>Sonora: UMAR-Poly 711, 3 spec. (Puerto Peñasco, June 15, 1981, coll. SSV et al.).</p><p>Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 712, 2 spec. (Caleta de Campos, on sabellariid tubes, December 17, 1994, coll. RBZ).</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 713 (Manzanillo, Zihuatanejo, on Pocillopora damicornis, 5–7 m, December 4, 2011, coll. ALP); UMAR-Poly 714 (La Roqueta, Acapulco, on sabellariid tubes, May 25, 2000, coll. SSV et al.); UMAR-Poly 715, 3 spec. (Los Cantiles-La Quebrada, Acapulco, on oyster, May 26, 2000, coll. AM).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 716, 5 spec. ( Corralero Lagoon, on rocks, March 22–23, 2010, coll. FAG); UMAR- POLY 717, 2 spec. (Chacahua Lagoon, on rock, April 3, 2008) ; UMAR-POLY 718, 5 spec. ( Agua Blanca Beach, rocks, intertidal, April 27, 2012, coll. OCR &amp; MHP); UMAR-POLY 722, 21 spec. (Mazunte, on Pocillopora damicornis, 8 m, August 11, 2010, coll. ALP &amp; RZV, id. FAG); UMAR-POLY 723 (San Agustinillo, on mollusc shell, May 11, 2013, coll. and id. AGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 719 (Camarón Beach, on coral, April 20, 2013, coll. RXP &amp; VAR); UMAR-POLY 720, 4 spec. (same, rocks, intertidal, May 12, 2013, coll. and id. AGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 721 (same, rocks, May 18, 2013, coll. LLR et al.); UMAR-Poly 724 (Panteón Beach, Puerto Ángel, 10 m, November 23, 2005, coll. GRC); UMAR-POLY 725, 2 spec. (same, on rock, May 17, 2009) ; UMAR-POLY 726, 15 spec. (Puerto Ángel, pier and beach, May 20, 2007, coll. FCC &amp; SRH); UMAR-POLY 727, 7 spec. (same, on rocks, May 15, 2010, coll. FAG); UMAR-POLY 728 ( Estacahuite, sta. 3-negro, on Pocillopora damicornis, 6 m, March 26, 2010, coll. ALP &amp; RZV, id. FAG); UMAR-POLY 729, 11 spec. (same, rocks, intertidal, June 2, 2012, coll. MTM &amp; AVB); UMAR-POLY 730, 6 spec. (La Tijera Beach, 3 m, April 30, 2005, coll. RBZ &amp; GRC); UMAR-POLY 731-OH, 2 spec. (same, no more data, coll. Alejandra Hernández); UMAR-POLY 732 (El Arrocito Beach, Huatulco, July 4, 2007) ; UMAR-POLY 733, 4 spec. (Salchi Bay, Huatulco, sta. 3, on Pocillopora damicornis, 9 m, March 26, 2010, coll. ALP); UMAR-Poly 734, 6 spec. (La Entrega Beach, Huatulco, on coral, 2– 3 m, May 23, 2000, coll. SSV et al.); UMAR-POLY 735, 9 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 736 (Punta Colorada, Puerto Escondido, rocks, intertidal, May 18, 2012, coll. AWA et al.).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal. On sabellariid tubes, rocks and from angler pier (from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca). Also on rock and sand bottoms, on dead coral ( Pocillopora damicornis) and on spiny oyster Spondylus calcifer Carpenter (now S. limbatus G.B. Sowerby II) (Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Distribution. Temperate and Tropical Eastern Pacific. Southern California (USA) to Ecuador. Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2003) questioned the circum (sub) tropical distribution as given in the literatura, and in the meantime the Australian and Hawaiian records have been attributed to a different taxon. However, Hydroides brachyacantha sensu stricto was recorded on the hull of a German tall ship upon arrival in Sydney, Australia (Lewis et al. 2006).</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides brachyacantha was not commonly occurring on anthropogenic substrates, some specimens were found only in two samples on angler’s piers, from Oaxaca; however, the species was relatively abundant. In general, Hydroides brachyacantha is the most frequent and abundant Hydroides species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, except for H. elegans, that is present in fouling communities in even larger numbers.</p><p>Ten Hove (In: Lewis et al. 2006: 669) identified in 1990 one adult specimens of Hydroides brachyacantha sensu stricto (co-occurring with Spirobranchus minutus), obtained from scrapings of the tall ship “Gorch Fock” that arrived to Sydney Harbor after an almost three weeks stay in Acapulco, Guerrero; with this record ten Hove gave evidence for trans-Pacific transport by ship fouling. Sun et al. (2015) revised the genus Hydroides from Australia, including several specimens previously identified as H. brachyacantha for which they erected the new species H. amri, and confirm that H. brachyacantha is not present in Australia, except the ten Hove record (Sun et al. 2015: 19).</p><p>In the case of Hydroides brachyacantha from Hawaii (Straughan 1969; Bailey-Brock 1976; 1987; Bastida- Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003), the specimens (some revised in Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003) agree with the description of H. amri (see above H. cf. amri). Lakshmana Rao (1969) recorded H. brachyacantha from some harbours of India; however, is need revise the specimens for the correct determination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858723FFCDFF24FC3C5F20FA67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858721FFCFFF24FA965E54F841.text	EC3987858721FFCFFF24FA965E54F841.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides crucigera Morch 1863	<div><p>Hydroides crucigera Mörch, 1863</p><p>(Figures 3, 11 C)</p><p>Hydroides (Eucarphus) crucigera Mörch, 1863: 378, pl. 11, Fig. 8. Type locality: Punta Arenas, Pacific side of Costa Rica, on Margaritifera barbata (now Pinctada Röding sp.), 26 m.</p><p>Hydroides californicus Treadwell, 1929: 12 (Baja California); Rioja 1941a: 161 –164 (La Aguada Beach, Acapulco, Guerrero, and Mazatlán, Sinaloa); Rioja 1941b: 733 (same); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 48 (mentioned only).</p><p>Hydroides crucigera .— Monro 1933b: 1083, Text-figure 26 ( Taboga Island, Panamá, on pier floats) ; Rioja 1944: 409 –414 (synonymization of H. californicus recorded in the Mexican Pacific and duplicity of operculum) ; Rioja 1947a: 215 (La Paz, Baja California Sur, and Topolobampo, Sinaloa); Rioja 1958: 250 –251 (Verde Island and Santiaguillo Island, Veracruz); Straughan 1969: 232 –234 (Pearl Harbor, Kaneohe Bay, Coconut Island and Maili Point, Oahu, Hawaii, samples from 1936 to 1968); Shepherd 1972: 5 (La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur; epifauna on Pinctada mazatlanica [ Hanley]); Long 1974: 28 ( Oahu, Hawaii, 9–36 m, with little coverage on test panels); Kudenov 1975: 228 (Station Beach, Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, bottom of basalt boulders); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77 –78 ( Oahu Island, Hawaii, reef flats, epifauna of mobile substrata [mollusks and crustaceans], boat harbors, lagoons and reef slope); Kudenov 1980: 122 (same as Kudenov 1975); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; López-Muraira 1983: 111 (Bocachibampo Bay, Sonora; intertidal; epifauna of sea urchin Hesperocidaris asteriscus H.L. Clark); Laverde-Castillo 1986: 128 (Málaga Bay, Colombian Pacific); Bailey-Brock 1987: 420 (Hawaii); Laverde-Castillo 1988: 91 (Curichichi, Cabezón and Mayordomo Islands, Málaga Bay, Colombian Pacific, on dead coral and shells); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1993: 35 (Caimancito Beach and Balandra Beach, Baja California Sur); de León-González et al. 1993: 879 (Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur, epifauna on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor Sowerby ”; 30 m); Bastida-Zavala 1995: 24 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–17 m); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Puerto Ángel Beach and La Entrega Beach, Oaxaca, rocks and coral); López-García et al. 1997: 66 (Coiba, Panamá, under rocks, on dead coral and the octocoral Telesto riisei [Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti]); Dean 2004: 165 (list of polychaetes from Costa Rica).</p><p>Hydroides crucigerus .— de León-González 1990: 336–337, Fig. 3 e–g ( Punta San Juanico, Baja California Sur; 30 m).</p><p>Hydroides cruciger .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 78–80, Figs 5 A–Q (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Panamá, Hawaii; 0–8 m) ; Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 23, fig. 6E (Hawaii, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 0–4 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 534, Fig. 2 A (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar- Hernández et al. 2009b: 330–331, Figs 3 k, 6b-c, 7g-i (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 45 specimens.</p><p>Sonora: UMAR-Poly 737, 2 spec. (Puerto Peñasco, June 15, 1981, coll. SSV &amp; JAL).</p><p>Baja California: UMAR-Poly 738, 3 spec. (La Gringa, Bahía de los Ángeles cobbles on sand, scarce corals and sponges, 29°N, 113°30’W, 2–3 m in low tide, August 13, 1989, coll. HTH).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UMAR-Poly 739, 3 spec. (Punta San Juanico, January 28, 1988, coll. JAL, don. UANL 0359); UMAR-Poly 740, 4 spec. (Concepción Bay, Requesón Beach, May 15, 1988, coll. RBZ) ; UANL 7864 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.311226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.814693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.311226/lat 25.814693)">Puerto Escondido</a>, scraping of pier, sta. 4: 25°48’52.9”N, 111°18’40.4”W, April 20, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7867 (same, sta. 2: 25°48’53.1”N, 111°18’40.5”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7865, 3 spec. ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, sta. 1: 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7866, 2 spec. ( Marina Fonatur, La Paz, 24°07’29.7”N, 110°20’47.1”W, November 14. 2013); UMAR-Poly 741 (La Paz Bay, Comitán Beach, October 18, 1989, coll. RBZ).</p><p>Gulf of California: UMAR-Poly 742, 2 spec. (M-Serp-1, IM(N)?, no more data, coll. GGG).</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 743 (La Quebrada, Acapulco, on Muricanthus, May 25, 2000, coll. AM) . Oaxaca, UMAR-Poly 744 (Chacahua Lagoon, on rock, April 3, 2008); UMAR-POLY 745, 5 spec. (Corralero Lagoon and Panteón Beach, March 22–23 and May 15, 2010, coll. FAG, mixed samples); UMAR-Poly 746 (Panteón Beach, Puerto Ángel, 10 m, November 23, 2005, coll. GRC); UMAR-POLY 747 (Puerto Ángel, June 15, 2010, coll. JPQ &amp; RRB); UMAR-POLY 748 (Estacahuite Beach, Puerto Ángel, April 18, 2005, coll. Yareth &amp; SGM); UMAR- POLY 749 ( Marina Chahué, Huatulco, on rocks, May 22, 2000, coll. RBZ); UMAR-POLY 750, 3 spec. (same, on mollusc, May 22, 2000, coll. RBZ); UMAR-Poly 751, 4 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 752 (same, hull of the shrimp boat “ Golfo Pérsico ”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP); UMAR-POLY 753 (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004) .</p><p>Panamá: UMAR-Poly 754, 3 spec. (Diablo Spinning Club, Balboa, June 5, 2002, coll. SSV).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (36 m, Long 1974). On mollusks, rocks and on anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports from Pichilingue, La Paz and Puerto Escondido, Baja California Sur, and Chahué and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. Also on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ” (de León-González et al. 1993), on dead coral Pocillopora and in rock pools, with salinity range of 19–37 PSU (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. From Gulf of California (México) to Málaga Bay (Colombia); also in Veracruz (Rioja 1958: 251) and Hawaii (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides crucigera was found both on natural and anthropogenic substrates. The species probably is exotic in Hawaii; Straughan (1969) recorded samples from 1936 to 1968; later, Long (1974) recorded the species from Oahu, collected from 1968 to 1972, and Bailey-Brock (1976) recorded the species from several localities, from reef flats to reef slopes in Hawaii. It is a fouling species with potential to be introduced to other tropical regions by ships.</p><p>Rioja (1958: 250–251) recorded Hydroides crucigera (as H. californicus) from two reef islands of Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico; unfortunately his collection was lost.</p><p>Nonato &amp; Luna (1970: 99–100, Fig. 106) recorded a specimen as Hydroides californicus from Alagoas coast, Brazil, to 100 m depth; however, the specimen could not be synonymized with H. crucigera because their illustration represents an opercular funnel with 24 bluntly tipped radii, while H. crucigera has 30–50 radii with pointed tips (Fig. 11 C). Also, the lateral spinules are represented as very small, almost triangular, while H. crucigera shows long lateral spinules (Fig. 11 C). By the number of radii and general shape of the spines Nonato &amp; Luna’s material is similar to Hydroides sp. 1 Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2002), from the Caribbean, except for the number of lateral spinules, 2–4 pairs in Hydroides sp. 1 and only one pair in the specimen from Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858721FFCFFF24FA965E54F841	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873FFFD0FF24FF2E5826FBF5.text	EC398785873FFFD0FF24FF2E5826FBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides deleoni Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003	<div><p>Hydroides deleoni Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2003</p><p>(Figures 4, 11 D)</p><p>Hydroides deleoni Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2003: 80 –83, Figs 7 G–T, 8. Type locality: Punta San Juanico, Western coast of Baja California Sur, México, 35 m ; also from Costa Rica, Panamá and Ecuador; on rocks, rock-pools and artificial substrate (PVC), 0– 35 m .</p><p>Hydroides deleoni .— Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 25, fig. 6F (mentioned only); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 538, Fig. 2 B (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 20 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UMAR-Poly 755 (La Paz Bay, approx. 24°16’10”N, 110º19’29”W, SEAL-UABCS, PVC plate, one month in water, covered 85–90% by serpulids, mostly H. elegans, May 24, 1991, coll. Luis Varela).</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 756 (16º50’N, 99º54’W, Cantiles, La Quebrada, Acapulco, on rock oyster, 8 m, May 26, 2000, coll. AM).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 757 (Puerto Ángel, pier and beach, May 20, 2007, coll. FCC &amp; SRH); UMAR-POLY 758, 2 spec. (Panteón Beach, Puerto Ángel, rocks, intertidal, June 12, 2012, coll. ERR &amp; MJC).</p><p>Panamá: UMAR-POLY 759 (Yachting Club, Balboa, June 1, 2002, coll. SSV).</p><p>Perú: UMAR-Poly 760, 6 spec. (5°84’59”S, 80°94'21"O, Vichayo, Sechura, on shells of Argopecten purpuratus [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.58945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6369443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.58945/lat -3.6369443)">Lamarck</a>], 8 m, coll. IC); UMAR-Poly 761, 8 spec. (3°38'13"S, 80°35'22"O, Puerto La Cruz, Tumbes, 8 m, coll. IC).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (35 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). On PVC plate, rock oyster, on shells of Argopecten purpuratus, and one specimen found on a pier (Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca). Also in rock-pools and on a PVC structure surrounded by soft-bottom, with salinity range of 25–37 PSU (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. Baja California Sur (México) to Ecuador (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003) and Perú.</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides deleoni was not commonly found on anthropogenic substrates; here we only report one specimen from a PVC plate (La Paz Bay) and another from a pier (Puerto Ángel); however, the species has a wide salinity range of 25–37 PSU (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873FFFD0FF24FF2E5826FBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873FFFD1FF24FB6B5A23FE97.text	EC398785873FFFD1FF24FB6B5A23FE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides dianthus (Verrill 1873) Verrill 1873	<div><p>Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873)</p><p>Serpula dianthus Verrill, 1873: 620 . Type locality: New Haven (Connecticut). Also collected from Great Egg Harbor (New Jersey) and Cape Cod (Massachusetts) , United States; intertidal to 15 m.</p><p>Eupomatus dianthus .— Holguín-Quiñones 1994: 234 (Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexican Pacific; indeterminable record).</p><p>Hydroides dianthus .— Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 845, fig. 1m – u (southern Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean); Sun &amp; Yang 2000: 120–121, fig. 2e–k (China); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002: 143–147, Figs 23A–M, 24A–k, 28 (east coast of United States, Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean; 0–28 m); Link et al. 2009: 1–6, Figs 1 a– g, 2 (Tokyo Bay, Japan, as NIS; 0.8 m, on PVC plates); Otani &amp; Yamanishi 2010: 63–64, Figs 3 a–g (Osaka Bay, Japan, as NIS, seasonal change in densities; intertidal to 4 m, salinity 26.5–32.3‰, temperature 17.7–19.1°C, on concrete blocks); Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011: 14–16 (Cyprus, 0.3 m, from ship propeller); Boltachova et al. 2011: 34–38 (Crimea, Black Sea); Sun et al. 2016a: poster (discussion as global invader or a complex of species).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (28 m), on oysters, wooden pier and rocks (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002).</p><p>Distribution. East Coast of United States, Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Mexican Caribbean, Mediterranean, European Atlantic, Senegal (western Africa), Japan (Zibrowius 1971; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002; Link et al. 2009; Otani &amp; Yamanishi 2010), China, Brazil and Black Sea (Sun &amp; Yang 2000; Boltachova et al. 2011; Sun et al. 2016a). Holguín-Quiñones (1994: 234) recorded the species in an oceanic island in the Mexican Pacific, but their record is indeterminable (see remarks). Hydroides dianthus was long regarded as native to the tropical Western Atlantic; recently its American origin has been questioned and its status as a species complex, consisting of two cryptic species with high invasive potential, was evaluated, concluding that the recent invasions to Brazil and China were from Florida population, while the invasion to Crimea came from Mediterranean population (Sun et al. 2016a).</p><p>Remarks. The record of Hydroides dianthus by Holguín-Quiñones (1994) from Socorro Island (Mexican Pacific) is indeterminable because it lacks a description, figures, and the specimens were not deposited in a collection (Holguín-Quiñones, pers. comm. 2011). The species was not found in this study, but see Records not confirmed, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873FFFD1FF24FB6B5A23FE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873EFFD2FF24FED659EFFD47.text	EC398785873EFFD2FF24FED659EFFD47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides dirampha Morch 1863	<div><p>Hydroides dirampha Mörch, 1863</p><p>(Figures 4, 11 E)</p><p>Hydroides (Eucarphus) dirampha Mörch, 1863: 379, pl. 11, Fig. 10. Type locality: St. Thomas, Caribbean Sea.</p><p>Hydroides (Eucarphus) benzoni Mörch, 1863: 380, plate 11, fig. 11 (type locality: Bahia, Brazil, on gastropod Purpura haemastoma).</p><p>Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii Mörch, 1863: 379 –380, plate 11, fig. 9 (type locality: Philippines); Ehlers 1905: 70 –72 (Oahu, Hawaii, harbor).</p><p>Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii navalis Mörch, 1863: 379 (type locality: New Zealand).</p><p>Eupomatus lunulifer Claparède, 1870: 181 –182 (type locality: Gulf of Naples, Italy; hull of a vessel in refit).</p><p>Eucarphus serratus Bush, 1910: 495 –496 (type locality: Bermuda).</p><p>Hydroides sp.— Treadwell 1914: 226, pl. 12, fig. 48 (“yacht bottom, Honolulu”, Hawaii).</p><p>Hydroides malleophorus Rioja, 1942: 126 –130, Figs 7 –14 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa, on rocks; type material lost); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 49 (mentioned only).</p><p>Hydroides lunulifera .— Nelson-Smith 1967: 31, Fig. 16 (Panamá Canal); Lakshmana Rao 1969: 5 –6, pl. 3, Figs a–g (Visakhapatnam and Madras, India; harbour); Straughan 1969: 232 (Oahu, Hawaii, samples from 1929 to 1968); Salazar- Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Hydroides dirampha .— Long 1974: 28 (Oahu, Hawaii, 9–36 m; with moderate coverage on test panels to 15 m); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77–78 ( Oahu Island and Hawaii Island, reef flats, epifauna of mobile substrata [mollusks and crustaceans], boat harbors, lagoons and reef slope); Dueñas 1981: 100, fig. 30A–F (Cartagena Bay, Colombia; on cement wall and plastic tubes of shrimp culture ponds); Bailey-Brock 1987: 420 (Hawaii) ; Zibrowius 1992: 91 (discussion about its origin in tropical American Atlantic); Bastida-Zavala 1993: 35 (Caimancito Beach, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur); Sun et al. 2015: 20–23, fig. 5a–b (New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia; intertidal to 11.8 m; in lagoons and harbors, ship’s hulls, fish farms and other man-made structures).</p><p>Hydroides diramphus .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 83–86, Figs 10 A–L (California, Baja California Sur and Hawaii; 0– 1 m); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Rodríguez-Valencia 2004: 520 (Petacalco Bay, Guerrero) ; Bastida-Zavala 2008: 25, Fig. 6 G (Hawaii, California and Sinaloa; 0–2 m); Okolodkov et al. 2007: 40 (cryptogenic in the Mexican Pacific); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 534, Figs 2 D, 4J (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 14–15 ( Guaymas, Sonora) ; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 326, Figs 19.1c–d (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Murtaugh &amp; Hernández 2014: 412 (Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur; oyster boxes suspended 3 m deep, for one month during a year cycle); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 390 (API Guaymas, Sonora, and Marina Palmira, La Paz, Baja California Sur) ; Villalobos- Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 54 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7870, 8 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.26559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.340334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.26559/lat 27.340334)">Santa Rosalía</a>, sta. 1: 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, March 31 2011, coll. ARB &amp; JAL) ; UANL 7871, 3 spec. (same, February 12, 2013, coll. JAL &amp; JMC); UANL 7872, 4 spec. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.31145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.814388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.31145/lat 25.814388)">Puerto Escondido</a>, sta. 1: 25°48’51.8”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7868 ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, sta. 1: 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, ARB &amp; JAL); UANL 7873, 17 spec. ( Marina Los Cabos, San José del Cabo, sta. 1: 23°03’42.4”N, 109°40’27.8”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7869, 2 spec. ( Marina Cabo San Lucas, sta. 1: 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7874 (same, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 762, 8 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 763, 9 spec. (same, hull of the shrimp boat “Golfo Pérsico”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP); UMAR-POLY 764 (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (12 m, Sun et al. 2015). On anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports (from Cabo San Lucas, San José del Cabo, Pichilingue, Puerto Escondido and Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, and from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca) . Also on rocks on sandy bottom (Bastida-Zavala 2008) and oyster boxes suspended in Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur (Murtaugh &amp; Hernández 2014). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Worldwide in temperate and tropical regions. Mediterranean, Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, South of Japan, Marshall Islands, Hawaii, California (USA), Gulf of California to Oaxaca (México) (Lakshmana Rao 1969; Zibrowius 1971; Imajima 1978; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002; 2003; Bailey-Brock et al. 2012; Sun et al. 2012a; Sun et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks. Zibrowius (1992) and Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove (2011) mentioned that the origin of Hydroides dirampha probably is the tropical Eastern Atlantic . This species is present in the Tropical Eastern Pacific for at least 70 years; it was first recorded in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, by Rioja (1942), as H. malleophorus; half a century later, Bastida-Zavala (1993) recorded a specimen from a beach in La Paz Bay. Straughan (1969) recorded H. dirampha from samples collected in Oahu , Hawaii, between 1929 and 1968. More recently, Tovar-Hernández et al. (2012) and Tovar-Hernández et al. (2014) recorded the species in the fouling from Mazatlán, Sinaloa; La Paz, Baja California Sur, and Guaymas, Sonora .</p><p>Almost all historic and recent records of Hydroides dirampha, from the Tropical Eastern Pacific were in ports and marinas, on anthropogenic substrates. However, in the Hawaiian Islands it is abundant both in natural sites (reef flats) and in boat harbors (Long 1974; Bailey-Brock 1976). In Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur, Murtaugh &amp; Hernández (2014) found that the species abundance changes drastically from warm (abundant, more than 60 specimens found in three oyster cages deployed in the water six times) to cold season (only one specimen found in three oyster cages deployed six times).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873EFFD2FF24FED659EFFD47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873DFFD3FF24FCAC5A8CF982.text	EC398785873DFFD3FF24FCAC5A8CF982.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides elegans (Haswell 1883) Haswell 1883	<div><p>Hydroides elegans (Haswell, 1883)</p><p>(Figures 4, 11 F–G)</p><p>Eupomatus elegans Haswell, 1883: 633, pl. 12, Fig. 1. Type locality: Port Jackson, Australia.</p><p>Hydroides norvegica (not Gunnerus, 1768).— Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941: 56 (Newport Bay, Southern California, from “piling”); Hartman 1961: 44 (Los Angeles harbor, Southern California, fouling on hulls of ships); Lakshmana Rao 1969: 5, pl. 2, Figs a–g (Visakhapatnam and Madras, India; harbours); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Hydroides pacificus Hartman, 1969: 759 –760, Figs 1–5 (type locality: Velero IV, sta. 1454-42, from hull of ship; central and Southern California); Díaz-Castañeda 2000: 327 (Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, terracotta plates, 10 m).</p><p>Serpula verimicularis (not Linnaeus, 1767).— Lakshmana Rao 1969: 2 –3, pl. 1, Figs a–g (Visakhapatnam and Madras, India; harbours; auctore misspelling).</p><p>Hydroides elegans .— Zibrowius 1971: 721–725, Figs 56–64 (Oahu, Hawaii, Newport Bay and Los Angeles Harbor, California) ; Long 1974: 28 (Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 9 m, fouling, with little coverage on test panels); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77–78 (Oahu Island and Hawaii Island, reef flats, live substrata [chlorophyte Dictyosphaeria cavernosa], epifauna of mobile substrata [mollusks and crustaceans], boat harbors, lagoons, brackish waters and reef slope); Dueñas 1981: 100– 101, fig. 31A–G (Cartagena Bay, Colombia; on plastic ponds for shrimp culture); Bailey-Brock 1987: 420–421 (Hawaii) ; Zibrowius 1992: 91 (discussion about its origin); Carpizo-Ituarte &amp; Hadfield 1998: 15, Fig. 2 (Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, stimulation of metamorphosis); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 86–87, Figs 11 A–S (California and Hawaii; 0–1 m); Rodríguez-Valencia 2004: 520 (Petacalco Bay, Guerrero) ; Okolodkov et al. 2007: 40 (cryptogenic in the Mexican Pacific); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 25–26, fig. 6H (California and Baja California Sur; 0–1 m; deeper records questionable); Bastida- Zavala 2009: 535, Figs 2 E, 5F (identification key for Tropical America); Díaz-Castañeda &amp; Valenzuela-Solano 2009: 513 (Salsipuedes Bay, Baja California, near tuna sea-cages); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 331, Figs 3 l, 8a-c (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa) ; Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 16–17 (Guaymas, Sonora, and Topolobampo, Sinaloa); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 326, Figs 19.1e –h (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 390 ( Marina Palmira, Topolobampo, Sinaloa; API and Marina Fonatur, Guaymas, Sonora; and API and Marina Palmira, La Paz, Baja California Sur) ; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist); Sun et al. 2015: 23–29, fig. 6a–b (Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia; intertidal to 20 m; in natural habitat as lagoons, also in fouling communities of fish farms, harbors and ship’s hulls).</p><p>Material examined. 3,545 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7875, 548 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.26559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.34014" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.26559/lat 27.34014)">Santa Rosalía</a>, sta. 3: 27°20’24.5”N, 112°15’56.1”W, April 19, 2010, ARB &amp; JAL) ; UANL 7876 (same, sta. 4: 27°20’23.9”N, 112°15’55.9”W, April 19, 2010, ARB &amp; JAL); UANL 7877, 1,271 spec. (same, Sta. 1, 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, March 31, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB); UANL 7878, 1,702 spec. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.31126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.814749" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.31126/lat 25.814749)">Puerto Escondido</a>, sta. 1: 25°48’51.8”N, 111°18’41.2”W, sta. 2: 25°48’53.1”N, 111°18’40.5”W, April 2, 2011, coll. ARB &amp; JAL) ; UANL 7879 ( Marina Palmira, La Paz, 24°11’05.3”N, 110°18’12.8”W, April 3, 2011, coll. ARB &amp; JAL).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 765, 4 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 766, 10 spec. (same, hull of the shrimp boat “Golfo Pérsico”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP): UMAR-POLY 767, 8 spec. (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (20 m, Sun et al. 2015); deeper records, 110– 1,200 m from California (LACM- AHF 1377, 2475, 2792, 2850), were regarded to be questionable by Bastida-Zavala (2008: 26). Most records of Hydroides elegans were as fouling on artificial substrates: hulls of ships, terracotta and PVC panels and harbor structures. In the Hawaiian Islands it was also found on reef flats, reef slope and on the native alga Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Bailey-Brock 1976) . In the material studied the specimens were associated only with anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports from La Paz, Puerto Escondido and Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, and from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Worldwide in temperate and tropical regions. Mediterranean, North Sea, Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, South Africa, Persian Gulf, India, Australia, Micronesia; California (USA) to Oaxaca (México), Hawaii (Zibrowius 1971; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002; 2003; Sun et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks. The confusion between Hydroides elegans and H. norvegica Gunnerus, 1768 was unraveled by Zibrowius (1971), mainly on the basis of the collar chaetae: in H. norvegica with 2–3 teeth, while they have many small teeth in H. elegans . Hydroides norvegica has a distribution limited to the boreal Atlantic and subtidal waters in the Mediterranean, while H. elegans has a worldwide distribution in temperate and tropical waters, mainly in harbors and marinas (Zibrowius 1971; ten Hove 1974; Zibrowius 1992; Kupriyanova &amp; Jirkov 1997; Bastida- Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002; 2003; Moen 2006; Bastida-Zavala 2008; Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011). Long (1974: 28) recorded both H. elegans and H. norvegica from Oahu, Hawaii; however, after the revision of Zibrowius (1971) it is uncertain if the specimens identified by Long as H. norvegica belong to H. elegans or a different taxon.</p><p>Zibrowius (1992) doubted if Hydroides elegans originated from Australia; however, Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove (2011) propose that its origin probably is Australia and Sun et al. (2015) suggest on biogeographical and ecological reasons that H. elegans is likely to be a native to Australia. Many historic and recent records of H. elegans come from ports and marinas, on anthropogenic substrates; however, in the Hawaiian Islands the species was found in both natural sites and in boat harbors (Long 1974; Bailey-Brock 1976); also, H. elegans was found in Australia both in natural sites (lagoons), as well as fouling of fish farms, harbors and ship’s hulls (Sun et al. 2015).</p><p>Hydroides elegans has been present in the Eastern Pacific for at least 86 years; its first record was Newport Bay, Southern California (Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941, as Hydroides norvegica); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2003) recorded specimens collected in 1929 from the fouling of a submarine (U.S. Narwhal, N-1) in the harbor of San Francisco. In the Tropical Eastern Pacific the species was recorded first by Bastida-Zavala (2008) with a sample of more than a thousand specimens encrusting (1991) a PVC plate in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur ; later, Tovar- Hernández et al. (2009b) recorded the species in the fouling of Mazatlán port, Sinaloa .</p><p>Hydroides elegans was selected as a model species for research in biofouling and testing marine coatings for a number of reasons: its high abundance and the fact that their calcareous tubes can create problems for vessels. Furthermore H. elegans is easy to reproduce in laboratory (Carpizo-Ituarte &amp; Hadfield 1998; Nedved &amp; Hadfield 2008), making it possible to experiment with different means to avoid their settlement, e.g. antifouling paints (Johnson &amp; Gonzalez 2004; Johnson et al. 2006); and has been observed that the larvae settle in response to both natural biofilms, formed by marine bacteria, or to artificially induced surfaces by cations and other chemicals (Nedved &amp; Hadfield 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873DFFD3FF24FCAC5A8CF982	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873CFFD4FF24F9F75ACFFC8F.text	EC398785873CFFD4FF24F9F75ACFFC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides gairacensis Augener 1934	<div><p>Hydroides gairacensis Augener, 1934</p><p>(Figures 4, 11 H)</p><p>Hydroides (Eupomatus) gairacensis Augener, 1934: 117, Figs 20a–c. Type locality: Gairaca, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean, intertidal to 15 m.</p><p>Hydroides uncinata (not Philippi, 1844).— Monro 1933b: 1082, Text-figure 25 (Taboga Island, Panamá, 2–3 m, on dead broken coral).</p><p>Hydroides gairacensis .— Zibrowius 1969: 366–374, Figs 1–2 (redescription based on Mexican Caribbean and Brazilian specimens); Zibrowius 1970: 4–5, pl. 1, Fig. 2 (Santa Catarina Bay, Brazil, hard bottom; 33 m) ; de León-González et al. 1993: 879 (Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur, epifauna on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ”; 30 m) ; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 848, Fig. 2 G (Cuba and Cozumel, Mexican Caribbean); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002: 129–132, Figs 13 A–P (Florida, Quintana Roo, Cuba, Barbuda, Atlantic coast of Colombia, Brazil; 0.3– 50 m) ; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 87–89, Figs 22R (Ecuador; 2–9 m); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 ( Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Cohen 2006: 167 (possible introduction from the Atlantic to the Pacific by means of Panamá Canal); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 26, fig. 6I (mentioned only); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 535, Fig. 2 G (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist).</p><p>Material examined. One specimen.</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 768 (Panteón Beach, Puerto Ángel, 10 m, November 23, 2005, coll. GRC).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (50 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002). On fire coral Millepora (Mörch 1863), oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ” (de León-González et al. 1993), and dead coral (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Distribution. Native to the Caribbean Sea (Zibrowius 1969), it was recorded early in the Pacific of Panamá (Monro 1933b); later in Ecuador from specimens collected in 1966 (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003); and from the Gulf of California (de León-González et al. 1993). This new record extends its known geographical range to the north, with approximately 2,000 km along the littoral, from Panamá to Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca.</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides gairacensis is recorded only from four sites in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Taboga Island , Panamá (Monro 1933b); Guayaquil, Ecuador (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003); Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur (de León-González et al. 1993); and Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca; each record is represented by one specimen, maybe these are incidental introductions to the Pacific via the Panamá Canal. Here it is considered to be a cryptogenic species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873CFFD4FF24F9F75ACFFC8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873AFFD5FF24FF2E5E43FBBA.text	EC398785873AFFD5FF24FF2E5E43FBBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides glandifera Rioja 1941	<div><p>Hydroides glandifera Rioja, 1941a</p><p>(Figures 5, 11 I)</p><p>Hydroides glandiferum Rioja, 1941a: 172 –174, pl. 4, Figs 10 –14 . Type locality: Caleta Beach, Acapulco, Guerrero, on rocks, algae and chaetopterid tubes (type specimens lost).</p><p>Olgaharmania glandifera Rioja, 1941b: 733 –734 (new genus and new combination); Salazar-Vallejo 1989a: 55 –56 (checklist); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Hydroides glandiferum .— Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 48 (mentioned only).</p><p>Olgaharmania sp.— Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–17 m).</p><p>Hydroides glandifer .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 89, Figs 12 A–M (Baja California Sur and Jalisco; 4–17 m) ; Salazar- Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 26, fig. 6J (Oaxaca; 6–10 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 536, Fig. 2 H (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Morales de Anda et al. 2014: 125 (Punta Mita, Nayarit and Navidad Bay, Jalisco; the locality Punta Anita, Jalisco was a mistake in Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Material examined. Three specimens.</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 769, 3 spec. ( Marina Chahué, Huatulco, on mollusk, May 22, 2000, coll. RBZ).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (17 m, Bastida-Zavala 1995). On mollusk in a dock. Also on dead coral Pocillopora and on spiny oyster Spondylus calcifer (now S. limbatus) (Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Distribution. Mexican Pacific. Baja California Sur to Oaxaca (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Remarks. From Rioja’s original name Hydroides glandiferum, subsequently changed to Olgaharmania glandifera, it is evident that Rioja intended the specific name to be an adjective which should follow the gender of the genus. Since the genus Hydroides in the meantime is feminine again (ICZN 1999: Art. 30.1.4.4), the correct ending is –a.</p><p>Hydroides glandifera is found on corals and mollusks; it is a rare species in the Mexican Pacific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873AFFD5FF24FF2E5E43FBBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785873AFFD6FF24FB3D5861FE96.text	EC398785873AFFD6FF24FB3D5861FE96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides humilis (Bush 1905) Bush 1905	<div><p>Hydroides humilis (Bush, 1905)</p><p>(Figures 5, 11 J)</p><p>Eupomatus humilis Bush, 1905: 235 –236, pl. 39, Figs 39–40; pl. 44, Fig. 22. Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora; attached to small coral.</p><p>Schizocraspedon sp.— Maurer et al. 1988: 48 ( Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; 4 m; specimen revised by Bastida-Zavala 2008: 27). Hydroides humilis .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 92–93, Figs 15A–J (Baja California, Guerrero and Panamá; 2–3 m) ; Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 27, fig. 6L (Guerrero, Oaxaca and Costa Rica; 4–10 m) ; Bastida-Zavala 2009: 535, Fig. 2 J (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist). Eupomatus humilis .— Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 48 (mentioned only).</p><p>Material examined. Four specimens.</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 770, 4 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.).</p><p>Habitat. Subtidal, 1–10 m (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Found on an angler pier in Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. Also on mangrove, rock and spiny oysters ( Ostrea iridescens Hanley, O. columbiensis Hanley and Spondylus calcifer [now S. limbatus]) and cobbles on sand (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Occasionally part of fouling fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. Baja California to Panamá (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides humilis is a tiny and rare species; it probably has gone unseen or has been confused with juveniles of other species as H. brachyacantha, H. inermis or H. deleoni, whose opercula are somewhat similar to those of H. humilis . However, the former species have bayonet collar chaetae with two main teeth only, while H. humilis has collar chaetae with two teeth and a proximal rasp (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003, Fig. 15h). The specific morphological and chaetal characters should be revised in juveniles of Hydroides spp. to evaluate if the specific status of H. humilis is supported or if the nominal taxon represents a semaphoront (juvenile stage) of some, or several, Hydroides species.</p><p>Hydroides humilis was found on mangrove, rocks and oysters. Two specimens revised by Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2003: 92), presumably from Panamá or Costa Rica, were found together with Spirobranchus minutus and Ficopomatus miamiensis (Treadwell 1934); the last is a Caribbean species that was recorded as exotic in Mazatlán, Sinaloa and the Pacific of Panamá (Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785873AFFD6FF24FB3D5861FE96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858739FFD6FF24FED65A62FBD1.text	EC3987858739FFD6FF24FED65A62FBD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides inermis Monro 1933	<div><p>Hydroides inermis Monro, 1933b</p><p>(Figures 5, 12 A)</p><p>Hydroides inermis Monro, 1933b: 1083 –1085, Text-figure 27A–E. Type locality: James Bay, Santiago [James] Island, Galápagos, 9–11 m, on clean sand and weeds.</p><p>Hydroides inermis .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 94–95, Figs 16A–K (Galápagos and Perú; 1–91 m); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 27, fig. 6M (mentioned only); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 538, Fig. 2 K (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist).</p><p>Material examined. Three specimens.</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 771, 3 spec. (Agua Blanca Beach, rocks, intertidal, April 27, 2012, coll. OCR).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (91 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). In tide pools, on sand and weed (Monro 1933b; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Distribution. Previously only known from the Galápagos Islands and North Perú (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003), our record extends its known geographical range from Santiago (James) Island, to Agua Blanca, Oaxaca (approximately 1,860 km to the north in a straight line).</p><p>Remarks. Some specimens of Hydroides inermis that have a more developed dorsal spine (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003, Fig. 16A) could be somewhat confused with H. brachyacantha or H. deleoni; however, H. inermis has fewer (7–8) and broad verticil spines, with blunt tips, while the two latter species generally have more verticil spines (7–11) with pointed tips. The species is rare except, maybe, in the Galápagos Islands (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858739FFD6FF24FED65A62FBD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858739FFD7FF24FB175937FEEF.text	EC3987858739FFD7FF24FB175937FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides ochotereana Rioja 1941	<div><p>Hydroides ochotereana Rioja, 1941a</p><p>(Figures 5, 12 B–C)</p><p>Hydroides ochotereana Rioja, 1941a: 164 –167, pl. 2, Figs 1–12; pl. 3, fig. 1; pl. 4, fig. 16 . Type locality: La Aguada Beach and La Quebrada, Acapulco, Guerrero, México, on rocks, algae, hydrozoans and chaetopterid tubes (type specimens lost).</p><p>Hydroides ochotereana .— Rioja 1941b: 733 (same); Laverde-Castillo 1986: 128 (Málaga Bay, Colombian Pacific); Laverde- Castillo 1988: 89 (Curichichi Island, Málaga Bay, on coral rubble and rocks); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 49 (mentioned only).</p><p>Hydroides ochoterena .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 95–97, Figs 17A–M (Costa Rica, Galápagos and Mexican Pacific; 0–10 m) ; Bastida-Zavala 2008: 28, fig. 6N (Guerrero, Oaxaca and Oaxaca; 0–10 m); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 54 (worldwide serpulid checklist). Sensu auctore misspelling, see Remarks.</p><p>Hydroides ochoterenai .— Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 534, Figs 2 Q, 5H (identification key for Tropical America); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist). Sensu auctore misspelling, see Remarks.</p><p>Material examined. Two specimens.</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 772 (17°37’10.58”N, 101°31’27.23”W, Zihuatanejo, Manzanillo, Tlacoyunque, sta. 3, on coral Pocillopora damicornis, 3 m, December 4, 2010, coll. SGG).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 773 (Chacahua Lagoon, on rock, April 3, 2008);</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (10 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). On coral Pocillopora damicornis . Also in rock pools, on rocks and bivalve shells (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003; Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. From Manzanillo, Guerrero to Colombia and Galápagos Islands (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove (2003) corrected the specific name from ochotereana to ochoterena, because Rioja (1941a: 167) dedicated the species to Ignacio Ochoterena, a masculine noun; however, as it was the author who was responsible for an incorrect latinisation (ICZN 1999: Art. 32.5.1) his original spelling should not corrected.</p><p>Hydroides ochotereana is rare except in Acapulco, Guerrero, and Galápagos Islands, where several specimens were found. With this new record its known geographical range is extended from Manzanillo Point, in Acapulco area (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003) to Manzanillo, in Zihuatanejo area, both located in Guerrero, along the littoral approximately 200 km to the north.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858739FFD7FF24FB175937FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858738FFD8FF24FA555FE6FC9F.text	EC3987858738FFD8FF24FA555FE6FC9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides panamensis Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003	<div><p>Hydroides panamensis Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2003</p><p>(Figures 6, 12 D)</p><p>Hydroides panamensis Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2003: 97 –99, Figs 18A–N. Type locality: Paitilla Beach, Pacific side of Panamá ; also from La Libertad, Ecuador; 0–9 m.</p><p>Hydroides panamensis .— Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 28, fig. 6O (mentioned only); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 534, Fig. 2 S (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 54 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2015: 3 (Costa Rica, comparison with H. dolabrus).</p><p>Material examined. 10 specimens.</p><p>Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 774 (Faro de Bucerías, on sabellariid tubes, December 21, 1996, coll. SGM) . Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 775 (Agua Blanca Beach, rocks, intertidal, April 27, 2012, coll. OECR); UMAR-Poly 776 (Estacahuite, Puerto Ángel, rocks, intertidal, June 2, 2012, coll. AVB); UMAR-POLY 777 ( Marina Chahué, Huatulco, on mollusc, May 22, 2000, coll. RBZ); UMAR-Poly 778, 4 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 779, 2 spec. (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004) .</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (9 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). On sabellariid colonies, on mollusk in a dock and on an angler pier; on rocks. Salinity range of 19–37 PSU (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). Fouling species in marinas, ports and on PVC plates in Punta Culebra, Panamá (Bastida-Zavala, pers. obs.).</p><p>Distribution. Previously known from the Pacific of Panamá and Ecuador (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003), and Costa Rica (Tovar-Hernández et al. 2015), the known geographical range of Hydroides panamensis is extended to Faro de Bucerías, Michoacán, along the littoral approximately 3,075 km to the north.</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides panamensis was found both on natural and anthropogenic substrates, being more common on the latter. The species is very abundant in Panamá and is relatively scarce in México, which possibly suggest a recent introduction by ships and yachts. This fouling species has potential to be introduced to other tropical regions by ships.</p><p>Some specimens from Mazatlán, Sinaloa were recorded as Hydroides recurvispina by Tovar-Hernández et al. (2009b); later those specimens were described as a new species, H. dolabrus Tovar-Hernández, Villalobos- Guerrero, Kupriyanova &amp; Sun, 2015, supported with morphological and molecular characters. Tovar-Hernández et al. (2015: 9) mentioned that “ Hydroides dolabrus sp. nov. is more similar to H. panamensis than to the rest of the species to the extent that these two species can be easily confused; and the phylogram, based on the combined dataset of 18S, cyt b and COI DNA sequence fragments, show both species as a sister group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858738FFD8FF24FA555FE6FC9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858737FFD8FF24FCDE5FF4FAD7.text	EC3987858737FFD8FF24FCDE5FF4FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides parva (Treadwell 1902) Treadwell 1902	<div><p>Hydroides parva (Treadwell, 1902)</p><p>Eupomatus parvus Treadwell, 1902: 210, Figs 79–80. Type locality: Boquerón Bay, Puerto Rico; on encrusting bryozoans. Hydroides parvus .— Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 851, fig. 2n–p (Puerto Rico, southern Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean; intertidal to 41 m) ; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002: 127–129, Figs 12 A–K, 15 (Florida; southern Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Brazil; 0.6 to 41 m) ; Rivera &amp; Romero de Rivera 2008: 23 (El Salvador, eastern Pacific; questionable record).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (41 m), on mangroves, sponges, sea urchin, bryozoans and as fouling on wood dock pilings (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002).</p><p>Distribution. Hydroides parva is native to the tropical Western Atlantic. Florida; southern Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Brazil (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002). Rivera &amp; Romero de Rivera (2008: 23) recorded the species from El Salvador; but is questionable because only is mentioned in a check-list, lacks a description or figures, but the specimen was placed in a collection (IM-An-Poly-Ser-001).</p><p>Remarks. The species was not found in this study, but see Records not confirmed, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858737FFD8FF24FCDE5FF4FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858737FFD8FF24FA165AC2F8E8.text	EC3987858737FFD8FF24FA165AC2F8E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides salazarvallejoi Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002	<div><p>Hydroides salazarvallejoi Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2002</p><p>Hydroides salazarvallejoi Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2002: 158 –159, Figs 32A–P, 33, Table 5. Type locality: Santa Marta, Colombia ( Caribbean) ; Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Coiba Island (Atlantic of Panamá), Pacific of Costa Rica and Ecuador; 1–9 m, on rocks, sponges, oysters and on cement pilings.</p><p>Hydroides salazarvallejoi .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 101, fig. 12N (Miraflores Locks, Panamá; brackish water).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (9 m), on rocks, sponges, oysters, cement pilings and as fouling on bottom of locks (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002; 2003).</p><p>Distribution. Amphi-American. Caribbean Sea and Costa Rica, Panamá and Ecuador (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002; 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides salazarvallejoi not was found in this study, but see Overview of the sabellid and serpulid introductions, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858737FFD8FF24FA165AC2F8E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858736FFD9FF24FF2E5E72F867.text	EC3987858736FFD9FF24FF2E5E72F867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides sanctaecrucis Kroyer	<div><p>Hydroides sanctaecrucis Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863</p><p>(Figures 6, 12 E)</p><p>Hydroides (Eucarphus) sanctae-crucis Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863: 378 –379, pl. 11, Fig. 12. Type locality: Saint Croix, Caribbean Sea.</p><p>Eupomatus sanctae crucis .— Rioja 1958: 262 –264 (Verde Island and Santiaguillo Island, Veracruz).</p><p>Hydroides sanctaecrucis .— Long 1974: 28 ( Oahu, Hawaii, 15 m, with little coverage on test panels); Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002: 148–151 (first record from the Pacific coast of Panamá; 5 m) ; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 101–102, Figs 19P–Q ( Oaxaca and Panamá; 0–1 m) ; Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Cohen 2006: 167 (possible introductions from the Atlantic to the Pacific via of the Panamá Canal); Lewis et al. 2006: 666– 669 (establishment in northern Australia and Singapore); Okolodkov et al. 2007: 40 (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 29, fig. 6R (Oaxaca; 0–1 m) ; Bastida-Zavala 2009: 535–536, Fig. 3 B (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 54 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 18–19 ( La Paz, Baja California Sur, Guaymas, Sonora, and Topolobampo, Sinaloa); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 ( Oaxaca, checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 326–327, Fig. 19.1i (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 390 ( Marina Palmira, Topolobampo, Sinaloa; Marina Fonatur, Guaymas, Sonora; and Marina La Paz, Baja California Sur); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist); Sun et al. 2015: 76–79, fig. 25 (Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia; intertidal to 1 m; on rocks, fouling of ship’s hulls and other man-made structures).</p><p>Hydroides santaecrusis (sic): Dueñas 1981: 99–100, fig. 29A–F (Albornoz, Cartagena Bay, Colombia; on mangrove roots); Quirós-Rodríguez et al. 2013: 91, Table 3 (Córdoba, Colombian Caribbean; on red algae, intertidal).</p><p>Eupomatus sanctaecrucis .— Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 71 specimens.</p><p>Sonora: UANL 7883, 2 spec. ( Marina Real, Puerto San Carlos, 27°56’41.7”N, 111°05’35.6”W, July 7, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ALE).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7882, 42 spec. ( Marina Fonatur, La Paz, 24°07’29.7”N, 110°20’47.1”W, November 14, 2013) ; UANL 7881 ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.674385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.061777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.674385/lat 23.061777)">Puerto Los Cabos</a>, San José del Cabo, sta. 1, 23°03’42.4”N, 109°40’27.8”W, April 4, 2011, coll. ARB &amp; JAL) ; UANL 7880, 2 spec. ( Marina Cabo San Lucas, sta. 1: 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. ARB &amp; JAL).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 780, 4 spec. ( Salina Cruz, angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 781, 10 spec. (same, hull of the shrimp boat “ Golfo Pérsico ”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP); UMAR-Poly 782, 10 spec. (Laguna Inferior, San Dionisio del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-94.748886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.302221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -94.748886/lat 16.302221)">Mar</a>, 16°18’8”N, 94°44’56”W, 0.5 m, salinity= 30.77 PSU, August 30, 2014, coll. CPR).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (5 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002). On anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports (from Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo, Baja California Sur; Puerto San Carlos, Sonora; and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca). On rocks, floats and piers, salinity range 19–37 PSU (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, from Eastern Florida to French Guyana. As exotic species in the Pacific side of Panamá (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002), Oaxaca (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003), Gulf of California (Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012), Hawaii (Long 1974), northern Australia and Singapore (Lewis et al. 2006).</p><p>Remarks. The first record of Hydroides sanctaecrucis in the Tropical Eastern Pacific was from Panamá, specimens collected in 1972 (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2002); previously, the species was reported from Oahu , Hawaii, collected 1968–1972 (Long 1974). The species was recorded from Oaxaca, collected in 2000 (Bastida- Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003); from Northern Australia, collected between 1998 and 2001; from Singapore, sampled 2002 (Lewis et al. 2006), moreover, these authors suspect that H. cf. uncinata, as recorded by Sun &amp; Yang (2000, Figs 7 J-L) from the China Sea, might be H. sanctaecrucis; and from Darwin, Northern Territory of Australia in 2014 (Sun et al. 2015). Recently, the species was recorded from several localities in the Gulf of California (Tovar- Hernández et al. 2012).</p><p>In Northern Australia and Singapore Hydroides sanctaecrucis is an invasive species which reaches high abundances in several areas (Lewis et al. 2006). Although the species has been present in Oaxaca and Los Cabos marinas for several years, its abundance is not very high, approximately 25–50 specimens/m2.</p><p>Lakshmana Rao (1969: 9, Plate 6, Figs A–H) described Hydroides vizagensis Lakshmana Rao, 1969 from Visakhapatnam, northeastern of India; however, the description and the figure of the operculum correspond to the H. sanctaecrucis description (opinion shared with Lena Kupriyanova and Harry ten Hove, pers. comm. 2016). Would need revise the type specimens (deposited in Andhra University, India) for confirm that suspicion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858736FFD9FF24FF2E5E72F867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858735FFDAFF24FF2E5BAFFA24.text	EC3987858735FFDAFF24FF2E5BAFFA24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides similis (Treadwell 1929) Treadwell 1929	<div><p>Hydroides similis (Treadwell, 1929)</p><p>(Figures 6, 12 F)</p><p>Eupomatus similis Treadwell, 1929: 11 –12, Fig. 31. Type locality: Baja California, México.</p><p>Hydroides brachyacanthus (not Rioja, 1941).— Bastida-Zavala 1993: 35 (Caimancito Beach, Baja California Sur); Bastida- Zavala 1995: 24 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–17 m).</p><p>Eupomatus similis .— Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 48 (mentioned only).</p><p>Hydroides similis .—Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003: 102–104, Figs 21A–U (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Revillagigedo Islands, Costa Rica and Panamá; 0–18 m) ; Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 29, fig. 6S (Baja California Sur, on Eucidaris thouarsii spines; 3 m); Bastida- Zavala 2009: 536, Fig. 3 C (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 54 (worldwide serpulid checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 84 specimens.</p><p>Sonora: UMAR-Poly 783, 3 spec. (Puerto Peñasco, no more data, coll. SSV et al.).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7892, 6 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.26559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.340334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.26559/lat 27.340334)">Santa Rosalía</a>, sta. 1, 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, February 12, 2013, coll. JAL &amp; JMC) ; UANL 7885 ( Marina Loreto, sta. 2: 26°00’54.9’N, 111°20’21”W, April 20, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7887, 5 spec. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.31126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.814749" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.31126/lat 25.814749)">Puerto Escondido</a>, sta. 2: 25°48’53.1”N, 111°18’40.5”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7886, 23 spec. ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, sta. 1: 24°16’42.7”W, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7889, 35 spec. (same, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB); UANL 7888, 2 spec. ( Marina Palmira, La Paz, 24°11’05.3”N, 110°18’12.8”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7890, 3 spec. ( Marina de La Paz, sta. 1: 24°09’17.7”N, 110°19’32.3”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7891 (same, sta. 2: 24°09’17.6”N, 110°19’32.2”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB); UANL 7892 ( Marina Fonatur, La Paz, 24°07’29.7”N, 110°20’47.1”W, November 14, 2013, coll. JAL &amp; JMC); UMAR-Poly 784 (Espíritu Santo-La <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34642&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.124916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34642/lat 24.124916)">Partida Islands</a>, La Paz Bay, 5 m, on sponge Aplysina fistularis, sta. 0590-B, April 20, 1990, coll. MBL); UMAR- Poly 785, 2 spec. (La Paz Bay, El Caimancito Beach, April 20, 1988, coll. RBZ); UMAR-Poly 786 (Coral Los Frailes, sta. 989-3, September 18, 1989, coll. MPHC, JKM &amp; RBZ).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (18 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003). On corals, sponges and on anthropogenic substrates in marinas (from Pichilingue, La Paz and Puerto Escondido, Baja California Sur). Also on dead corals, in rock pools and on spines of sea urchin Eucidaris thouarsii (Bastida-Zavala 1995; Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003; Bastida-Zavala 2008). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. Baja California and Sonora (México) to Panamá (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides similis is a very common serpulid in the Gulf coast of Baja California Peninsula. The southern records from Socorro Island, Pacific of Costa Rica and Panamá (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003) are possibly incidental introductions. It is a fouling species with potential to be introduced in other tropical regions by vessels.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858735FFDAFF24FF2E5BAFFA24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858735FFDBFF24F9B85A0BFE26.text	EC3987858735FFDBFF24F9B85A0BFE26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydroides trompi Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003	<div><p>Hydroides trompi Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2003</p><p>(Figures 6, 12 G)</p><p>Hydroides trompi Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove, 2003: 104 –108, Figs 22A–Q, 23. Type locality: Miraflores Locks, Pacific coast of Panamá, intertidal ; Baja California and Baja California Sur; 2–3 m.</p><p>Eupomatus recurvispina (not Rioja, 1941).— Kudenov 1975: 228 (Station Beach, Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, bottom of basalt boulders); Kudenov 1980: 122, fig. 6.50 a–b (same).</p><p>Hydroides trompi .— Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 30, fig. 6U (Oaxaca; 6–10 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 535, Fig. 3 G (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 55 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. Three specimens.</p><p>Sonora: UMAR-Poly 787 (Puerto Peñasco, no more data, coll. SSV et al.) . Guerrero: UMAR-POLY 788, 2 spec. (Manzanillo Beach, Zihuatanejo, on Pocillopora damicornis, 5–7 m, December 4, 2011, coll. ALP).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (10 m, Bastida-Zavala 2008). On cobbles surrounded by sand, mangrove roots, dead and live corals ( Pocillopora damicornis), spiny oysters ( Spondylus limbatus), rocks and on locks (upper and lower chambers) of the Panamá Canal (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003; Bastida-Zavala 2008). Occasionally part of fouling fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. Gulf of California, Oaxaca (México) and Panamá (Bastida-Zavala &amp; ten Hove 2003).</p><p>Remarks. Hydroides trompi is found on several substrates; the type specimens came from the locks of Panamá Canal; it is rare.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858735FFDBFF24F9B85A0BFE26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858734FFDCFF24F9CA5A28F942.text	EC3987858734FFDCFF24F9CA5A28F942.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomatostegus kroyeri Morch 1863	<div><p>Pomatostegus kroyeri Mörch, 1863</p><p>(Figures 7, 12 H)</p><p>Pomatostegus krØyeri Mörch, 1863: 399, pl. 11, Fig. 15. Type locality: Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.</p><p>Serpula stellata (not Abildgaard, 1789).— Grube 1859: 113 –114 (Puntarenas, Costa Rica); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Cymospire kroyeri .— Quatrefages 1866: 547 (new combination, in disuse).</p><p>Pomatostegus stellatus (not Abildgaard, 1789).— Monro 1928: 100 (Taboga, Panamá, 7–9 m, sand and stones); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.39166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.39166/lat 23.483334)">Monro</a> 1933b: 1081 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.39166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.39166/lat 23.483334)">Balboa</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.39166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.39166/lat 23.483334)">Taboga Island</a> and Coiba Island, Panamá, intertidal to 18 m, on docks, pools at low tide and in sand); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.39166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.39166/lat 23.483334)">Treadwell</a> 1937: 157 (Arena Bank, Gulf of California, 23°29’N, 109°23’30”W; 91 m) ; Fauvel 1943: 30 (Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur); Laverde-Castillo 1986: 128 (Málaga Bay, Colombian Pacific); Laverde-Castillo 1988: 91 (Curichichi Island, Málaga Bay, on dead coral and rocks); Salcedo-Martínez et al. 1988: 84 (Zihuatanejo, Guerrero); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–17 m); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Tangolunda Beach and La Entrega Beach, Oaxaca, rocks and coral); López-García et al. 1997: 66 ( Coiba Island, Panamá, under rocks); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (checklist; erroneously cited from Cedros Island, Baja California; they referred to Treadwell’s (1937) record); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 34, fig. 7S (Cabo Pulmo Reef and Loreto Marina, Baja California Sur; 0–17 m) ; Bastida-Zavala 2009: 531 (identification key for Tropical America); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Pomatostegus kroeyeri .— Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a: 816 (auctore misspelling, see Remarks).</p><p>Pomatostegus kröyeri .— Dean 2004: 165 (list of polychaetes from Costa Rica).</p><p>Serpula stellatus (not Abildgaard, 1789).— Dean 2004: 165 (list of polychaetes from Costa Rica, referring to Grube 1859).</p><p>Pomatostegus krØyeri .—ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 78 (worldwide serpulid checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 14 specimens.</p><p>Sonora: UANL 7893, 3 spec. ( Marina San Carlos, 27°56’54.5”N, 111°03’17.3”W, July 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ALE).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UMAR-Poly 789, 2 spec. (Margarita Island, Magdalena Bay, February 23, 1989); UMAR- Poly 790-OH (Caleritas Beach, La Paz Bay, March 1, 2006, coll. DHP et al.).</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-Poly 791, 2 spec. (Caleta de Chón, 6 m, on Pocillopora damicornis, December 2, 2010, coll. SGG).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 792 (off Centro Mexicano de la Tortuga Aquarium, Mazunte, 2 m, on rock, June 11, 2013, coll. TPP &amp; CVO); UMAR-Poly 793 ( San Agustinillo, on mollusk shell, May 11, 2013, coll. AGM et al.); UMAR- Poly 794 (Camarón Beach, on coral, April 27, 2013, coll. RXP &amp; VHAR); UMAR-Poly 795 (Puerto Ángel, on rocks, May 3, 2010, coll. HSB &amp; APO); UMAR-Poly 796 (San Agustín Beach, 5.8 m, on Pocillopora damicornis, February 23, 2010, coll. RGF &amp; SGG); UMAR-Poly 797 (Montosa Island, 6 m, on Pocillopora damicornis, February 22, 2010, coll. RGF &amp; SGG).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (64 m, Treadwell 1937). Generally below rocks, on live and dead coral ( Pocillopora verrucosa [Ellis &amp; Solander] and P. damicornis), oysters and pier piles (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Occasionally part of fouling fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific, from Gulf of California to Colombia (Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Remarks. Mörch (1863) named the species as Pomatostegus krØyeri; however, Article 32.5.2.1 explicitly states that a diacritic letter (as “ø”) should be corrected to an “ o ” without slash (ICZN 1999).</p><p>Most records of Pomatostegus from the Tropical Eastern Pacific were as P. stellatus, a species described from the Caribbean and generally considered to be a circumtropical species; however, ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova (2009: 78) suggest on the basis of unpublished data that the Tropical Eastern Pacific P. kroyeri is different from P. stellatus, the latter limited to the American Atlantic (e.g., Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a; a third species, Pomatostegus actinoceras Mörch, 1863, is distributed in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific (e.g., Kupriyanova et al. 2015).</p><p>Mörch (1863: 399) erected Pomatostegus kroyeri for Serpula stellata (not Abildgaard) — Grube, 1859 (p. 113- 114), from Puntarenas (Pacific of Costa Rica). Only since the third decade of the last century was the taxon regularly reported (as P. stellatus) from several localities from Panamá, including the Canal Zone (Monro 1928; 1933b), and from the Mexican Pacific. Except for Panamá (Monro 1933b) and Colombia (Laverde-Castillo 1988) it is not very common. Records from ship hulls or other artificial structures are rare, the Panamá docks (Monro 1933b), two marina piers from Loreto, Baja California Sur (Bastida-Zavala 2008) and San Carlos, Sonora (this work). This might support the hypothesis that the Pacific population is different from that in the Caribbean (ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009); however a morphological (and DNA) comparison of specimens from both sides of the isthmus is needed to clarify the status of P. kroyeri .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858734FFDCFF24F9CA5A28F942	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858733FFDDFF24F8EC5F2BF9EA.text	EC3987858733FFDDFF24F8EC5F2BF9EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protula balboensis Monro 1933	<div><p>Protula balboensis Monro, 1933b</p><p>(Figures 7, 13 A–B)</p><p>Protula tubularia balboensis Monro, 1933b: 1088 –1090, Text-figure 30A–D. Type locality: Balboa, Pacific coast of Panamá, on rocks in tide-pools . Taboga Island, Panamá and Gorgona Island, Colombia, on pier piles and in shore at low tide.</p><p>Protula tubularia (not Montagu, 1803).— Steinbeck &amp; Ricketts 1941: 367 (Puerto Refugio, Ángel de la Guarda Island, Baja California) ; Rioja 1942: 133 –134 (Acapulco, Guerrero, according to Rioja 1963: 222); Rioja 1963: 220 –222 (Carmen Island, Baja California Sur; 111 m); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (Carmen and Ángel de la Guarda Islands, Baja California Sur, checklist; the record from San Roque Island was a typing mistake).</p><p>Portula balboensis .— Zibrowius 1970: 17 –18, pl. 4 Figs 7–8 (Lixa Reef, Bahia, Brazil; 5 m).</p><p>Protula tubularia balboensis .— Kudenov 1975: 228 (Cholla Bay, Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, intertidal, rock); Kudenov 1980: 123 (same); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Protula balboensis .— Laverde-Castillo 1986: 128 (Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 37, fig. 8H (Baja California, Sonora and Guerrero; the record Puerto San Carlos, Baja California Sur, intertidal is incorrect); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 539, Figs 4 I, 5B (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 83 (worldwide serpulid checklist).</p><p>Protula diomedeae (not Benedict, 1887).— Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a: 817, Fig. 7 a–g (Jururú Bay, Cuba).</p><p>Material examined. Four specimens.</p><p>Baja California: UANL 7894 (Bahía de los Ángeles, main pier, on wood, 2 m, sta. 1: 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’25.3”W, April 17, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB).</p><p>Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 798, 3 spec. (Faro de Bucerías, on sabellariid tubes, December 21, 1996, coll. SGM).</p><p>Atlantic side of Panamá: STRI (on pier of Smithsonian Institution station in Bocas del Toro, photo in vivo by Betel Martínez-Guerrero, August 14, 2008, coll. Leslie Harris).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (111 m, Rioja 1963, off Carmen Island). On sabellariid tubes, rocks (Bastida- Zavala 2008) and piers (Monro 1933b). Occasionally part of fouling fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific, from Baja California Sur to Colombia (Monro 1933b; Bastida-Zavala 2008). Also recorded from Brazil (Zibrowius 1970), Florida (Perkins 1998), Cuba (Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar- Vallejo 2000a, as Protula diomedeae); it may be an exotic species in the Atlantic.</p><p>Remarks. Crossland (i n: Monro 1933b: 1090) mentioned some characters in living Protula balboensis, describing well developed thoracic membranes, with a “large blotch of vermilion…” and a branchial crown with “green blood vessels and vermilion spots”; characters that also were observed by us in vivo in specimens collected in Bocas del Toro, Atlantic coast of Panamá (Fig. 13 A) and Baja California Sur (Fig. 13 B).</p><p>Benedict (1887) described Protula diomedeae from off Cape Hatteras, in depths between 79 and 2,360 m, and with calcareous tubes attached to the substrate only by the base, while P. balboensis is recorded mainly from shallow waters and the tube is attached to the substrate in almost its entire length. The specimen recorded by Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo (2000a) from Cuba as P. diomedeae, corresponds rather to P. balboensis, because the radioles have the basal process characteristic for the species.</p><p>The presence of Protula balboensis in the Tropical Western Atlantic may be a historic introduction as fouling on ships, since the taxon is only recorded from a few sites, some from ports or fouling plates: Jururú Bay, Cuba (collected in 1988), Lixa Reef (Abrolhos), Brazil (5 m, collected in 1962) (Zibrowius 1970; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a), the northern of Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Florida (from fouling plates in ports, collected between 1999-2005, Bastida-Zavala et al., unpublished data), and Bocas del Toro, Panamá (this work).</p><p>The record of the temperate Protula atypha Bush, 1905 by Shepherd (1972) from Baja California Sur is doubtful and should be checked; Hernández-Alcántara et al. (2003: 9) list Treadwell’s (1914) record of P. a t y p ha erroneously from Mexican coasts, it is from Santa Catalina Island, Southern California.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858733FFDDFF24F8EC5F2BF9EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858732FFDEFF24F94C5BA0FD81.text	EC3987858732FFDEFF24F94C5BA0FD81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudovermilia multispinosa (Monro 1933) Monro 1933	<div><p>Pseudovermilia multispinosa (Monro, 1933b)</p><p>Crosslandiella multispinosa Monro, 1933b: 1085 –1087, Figs 28A–K. Type locality: Gorgona Island, western Colombia. Crosslandiella multispinosa var. inarmata Monro, 1933b: 1087 –1088, fig. 29 . Type locality: Gorgona Island, western Colombia .</p><p>Pseudovermilia multispinosa .— ten Hove 1975: 72–79, Figs 124–127, 142–143, 147–148, 152, 157, 166, 173–174, pls 2f, 4, 8f–g (revision of the genus; Gorgona Island, western Colombia, Florida, Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe, Barbados, Bonaire, Klein Bonaire, Cura ҫao, Aruba and Brazil; 9–90 m, on sponges, underside of corals and on biofouling test panels); Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 820, fig. 8l–q (Cuba and Mexican Caribbean; reef, 2 m).</p><p>Habitat. Subtidal (9–90 m); found mainly in coral reefs, on sponges, underside of corals and on biofouling test panels (ten Hove 1975; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000b).</p><p>Distribution. Amphi-American. Pseudovermilia multispinosa was recorded in Florida, Caribbean Sea and in only one site from eastern Pacific (Gorgona Island, western Colombia) (ten Hove 1975; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar- Vallejo 2000b).</p><p>Remarks. The species was not found in this study, but see Overview of the sabellid and serpulid introductions, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858732FFDEFF24F94C5BA0FD81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858731FFDFFF24FDE45BB8FD92.text	EC3987858731FFDFFF24FDE45BB8FD92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudovermilia occidentalis (McIntosh 1885) McIntosh 1885	<div><p>Pseudovermilia occidentalis (McIntosh, 1885)</p><p>(Figures 7, 13 C)</p><p>Spirobranchus occidentalis McIntosh, 1885: 529 –530, pl. 55, Fig. 10, pl. 29a, Figs 31–32. Type locality: Off Bermuda (Western Atlantic); 795 m, in coral mud, attached to a tube of Placostegus assimilis McIntosh.</p><p>Vermiliopsis acanthophora (not Augener, 1914).— Monro 1933b: 1085 (James Bay, Santiago [James] Island, Galápagos; in clean sand and weed); synonymized by ten Hove 1975: 59.</p><p>Vermiliopsis hawaiiensis Treadwell, 1943: 3, Figs 14–15 (Hawaii) ; Straughan 1969: 234 –235 (Hawaii); according to ten Hove 1975: 59.</p><p>Vermiliopsis cornuta Rioja, 1947b: 525 –526, Figs 14–21 (type locality: Coromuel Beach, La Paz, Baja California Sur, on mollusk shells); Hartman 1961: 45 (San Pedro Area, Southern California, from rocky bottoms); Hartman 1966a: 354, 409 (Southern California); synonymized by ten Hove 1975: 59–60; Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 49 (mentioned only).</p><p>Vermiliopsis multiannulata (not Moore, 1923).— Hartman 1956: 300 –301 (referring to V. hawaiiensis as junior synonym of V. multiannulata); Hartman 1966b: 239 (Hawaii); Hartman 1969: 781 –782, Figs 1–2 (central and southern California; Fig. 2 from Pl. 18 of Moore 1923); partim, according to ten Hove (1975: 59–60); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 201 (Mexican coasts, checklist).</p><p>Pseudovermilia occidentalis .— ten Hove 1975: 59–72, Figs 114–123, 144–145, 155–156, 159, 161–164, 170–172, Pl. I, IIa–e, III, VII (revision of the genus); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77 –79 (Oahu, Maui and Hawaii Islands, rocky intertidal, reef flats, live substrata [chlorophyte Dictyosphaeria cavernosa] and anchialine lava ponds); Bailey-Brock 1987: 422 (Hawaii); Salazar- Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1993: 36 ( Caleritas Beach, Baja California Sur); de León- González et al. 1993: 879 (Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur, epifauna on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ”; 30 m) ; Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–7 m); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Puerto Ángel Beach, Maguey Beach, La Entrega Beach and Cacaluta Beach, Oaxaca, on rocks and coral); Salazar- Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 40–42, Figs 9 E–F (Baja California Sur and Oaxaca, intertidal to 7 m) ; Bastida-Zavala 2009: 540, Figs 3 T–U (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 85 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Pseudovermilia conchata (not ten Hove, 1975).— Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1993: 36 (Caimancito Beach, Baja California Sur).</p><p>Material examined. 91 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UMAR-Poly 799-OH, 2 spec. (Caleritas Beach, La Paz Bay, 1–2 m, March 1, 2006, coll. DHP et al.).</p><p>Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 800, 4 spec. (Caleta de Campos, on sabellariid tubes, December 17, 1994, coll. RBZ).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 801, 6 spec. (La Tijera Beach, on coral, April 30, 2005, coll. RBZ &amp; GRC); UMAR- POLY 802, 18 spec. (Salchi Bay, Huatulco, sta. 3, on Pocillopora damicornis, 9 m, March 26, 2010, coll. ALP); UMAR-POLY 803, 2 spec. (Riscalillo Beach, on coral, June 16, 2004, coll. SGM); UMAR-POLY 804, 58 spec. ( La Entrega Beach, on coral rubble, 2–3 m, May 23, 2000, coll. SSV et al.); UMAR-POLY 805 (Conejos Bay, Huatulco, June 11, 2005, coll. JHB &amp; GNL).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (30 m, de León-González et al. 1993); to 250 m according to ten Hove (1975). On calcareous substrates such as the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ” (de León-González et al. 1993), dead corals, sea urchin spines and on sabellariid tubes (Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Distribution. Amphi-American and amphi-Atlantic. In the Eastern Pacific from California to Galápagos, and Hawaii (ten Hove 1975).</p><p>Remarks. Pseudovermilia occidentalis was confused with Vermiliopsis multiannulata in the Eastern Pacific; however, the former species has thoracic membranes ending at the second thoracic chaetiger, and a black operculum; the thoracic membranes of V. multiannulata ends at the third thoracic chaetiger, and the operculum generally is reddish, yellow, or dark brown, never black (ten Hove 1975; Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Pseudovermilia occidentalis is very common in the Eastern Pacific, almost as common as in the Caribbean. The species is polymorphic in its opercula; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo (2000a) suggested a comparison between specimens of both coasts of America; however, until now no significant morphological differences were found. Whether or not populations of both coasts belong to the same species can only be decided by a DNA analysis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858731FFDFFF24FDE45BB8FD92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC3987858730FFE0FF24F8B85873FCEA.text	EC3987858730FFE0FF24F8B85873FCEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrgopolon ctenactis (Mörch 1863) Morch 1863	<div><p>Pyrgopolon ctenactis (Mörch, 1863)</p><p>(Figures 7, 13 D)</p><p>Serpula (Sclerostyla) ctenactis Mörch, 1863: 386 . Type locality: St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles.</p><p>Sclerostyla ctenactis .— Bush 1905: 224 (type designation); Wrigley 1951: 184–185, fig. 38 (Octavia Bay, Pacific of Colombia); ten Hove 1973: 6–12, Figs 1–4, 7, 20–31, pls. 1, 3a–b, 3, 7 (revision of the genus); de León-González 1990, fig. 2 a–f ( Punta San Juanico and Cabo San Lorenzo, Baja California Sur; 27–30 m) ; de León-González et al. 1993: 879 (Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur, epifauna on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ”; 30 m) ; Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Pyrgopolon ctenactis .— Jäger 1993: 95 (new combination, synonymy of the genera Sclerostyla Mörch and Hepteris Regenhardt with Pyrgopolon); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 42, Figs 10 A–D (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 6– 30 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 541, Fig. 3 V (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 88 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. Eleven specimens.</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 806, 11 spec. (La India Beach, Huatulco, on Spondylus calcifer [now S. limbatus], December 3, 2005, coll. JHB).</p><p>Habitat. Subtidal (6–30 m, de León-González et al. 1993; Bastida-Zavala 2008); ten Hove (1973) recorded 13– 53 m. On the spiny oysters “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ” (de León-González et al. 1993) and S. limbatus .</p><p>Distribution. Amphi-American. Caribbean Sea; western coast of Baja California (Guadalupe Island), western coast of Baja California Sur (Cabo San Lázaro and Punta San Juanico), Gulf of California (Puerto Escondido), Mexican south Pacific (Acapulco, Puerto Escondido and Huatulco) and Pacific of Colombia (Octavia Bay) (ten Hove 1973; de León-González 1990; de León-González et al. 1993; Bastida-Zavala 2008). The record by Bastida- Zavala (2008) of the Pacific of Panamá is a mistake.</p><p>Remarks. Pyrgopolon ctenactis is recorded from a few localities in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The Pacific population of this subtidal species might be a Pleistocene relict, the taxon was never reported from ship hulls, thus dispersion as fouling of ships is unlikely. However, a thorough review and comparison between Atlantic and Pacific populations is necessary, including a DNA analysis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC3987858730FFE0FF24F8B85873FCEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785870FFFE1FF24FC435812FD0F.text	EC398785870FFFE1FF24FC435812FD0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salmacina tribranchiata (Moore 1923) Moore 1923	<div><p>Salmacina tribranchiata (Moore, 1923)</p><p>(Figures 8, 12 E–F)</p><p>Filograna tribranchiata Moore, 1923: 250 –251. Type locality: Off Santa Rosa Island , California, 69–82 m, small colony on mud, sand and rocks.</p><p>Salmacina dysteri tribranchiata .— Monro 1933b: 1090 –1091, Text-figure 31 ( Tagus Cove, Isabela [ Albemarle] Island, Galápagos; from a marine garden sheltered from the sun by an overhanging rock; colony); Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1941: 56 (Corona del Mar, Monterey Bay and Santa Cruz Island, California; 9–31 m).</p><p>Salmacina dysteri (not Huxley, 1855).— Steinbeck &amp; Ricketts 1941: 367 (Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California, San Francisquito Island, Baja California Sur; encrusting rocks).</p><p>Salmacina tribranchiata .— Rioja 1941b: 738 –739, pl. 9, Figs 11 –14 (La Aguada Beach, Acapulco, Guerrero, on Idanthyrsus johnstoni colonies); Hartman 1961: 44 (Southern California); Hartman 1969: 771 –772, Figs 1–6 (off Santa Rosa Island, Southern California, 70–83 m; Figs 1–2 from Fauvel 1927 as Salmacina dysteri; Figs 3–6 from Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1952); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; López-Muraira 1983: 111 –112 (Bocachibampo Bay, Sonora; intertidal; epifauna of sea urchin Hesperocidaris asteriscus); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Nogueira &amp; ten Hove 2000: 158 –159, Tables 1–2 (discussion and comparison of all Salmacina species); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 43, Figs 10 H–J (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Sinaloa and Oaxaca, intertidal to 116 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 529, Fig. 3 X (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 91 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Villalobos- Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Filograna implexa (not Berkeley, 1835).— Kudenov 1980: 122 (Sonora coast); Kerstitch &amp; Bertsch 2007: 38, Fig. 63 (field guide of the Gulf of California; 46 m).</p><p>Material examined. 3,840 specimens.</p><p>Baja California: UANL 7895, 60 spec. (Bahía de los Ángeles, sta. 2: 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’24.9”W, April 17, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB).</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7896, 2,248 spec. ( Marina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.33928&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.01525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.33928/lat 26.01525)">Santa Rosalía</a>, sta. 1, 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, April 31, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB); UANL 7897, 1,492 spec. ( Marina Loreto, 26°00’54.9”N, 111°20’21.4”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 832, 11 spec. (Puerto Ángel, pier and beach, May 20, 2007, coll. FCC &amp; SRH); UMAR-POLY 833, 29 spec. (Estacahuite Beach, Puerto Ángel, sample 39, April 9, 2005).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (116 m, Bastida-Zavala 2008). Several samples are from anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports (from Puerto Loreto and Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, from Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California, and from Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca). Recorded from dead coral, from Oaxaca, and as fouling on PVC plates and hulls, from Alaska, California and Hawaii (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. North-Eastern Pacific. From Alaska to California (USA); Hawaii and Mexican Pacific (Moore 1923; Nogueira &amp; ten Hove 2000).</p><p>Remarks. Salmacina tribranchiata is a colonial species; in the Santa Rosalía and Loreto marinas, as well as on rocks of a municipal beach of Bahía de los Ángeles, it forms colonies of tens to hundreds of specimens. The species is common in anthropogenic substrates, making transport by means of ships and yachts likely.</p><p>It is problematic to distinguish the several nominal taxa of Salmacina; Nogueira &amp; ten Hove (2000, Table 2) gave a noteworthy discussion of the species and the characters used to separate them, sometimes the differences are very subtle or the characters overlap between the species; the use of SEM was recommended by Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove (2011). In this paper we regard specimens of Salmacina from Alaska to the Mexican Pacific to constitute a single species, until a molecular analysis will prove otherwise.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785870FFFE1FF24FC435812FD0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785870EFFE2FF24FCAD5BBFFD47.text	EC398785870EFFE2FF24FCAD5BBFFD47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirobranchus incrassatus Kroyer	<div><p>Spirobranchus incrassatus Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863</p><p>(Figures 8, 13 G)</p><p>Spirobranchus incrassatus Krøyer [in] Mörch, 1863: 405, pl. 11, Figs 21–23. Type locality: Pacific of Colombia, on Margaritifera sp. (now Pinctada sp.).</p><p>Spirobranchus incrassatus .— Ehlers 1887: 294–295, pl. 57, Fig. 16; pl. 58, Fig. 1–5 (Acapulco, Guerrero); Bush 1905: 236, pl. 34, fig. 24, pl. 37, Figs 25, 34 (Gulf of California, on Margaritifera sp., now Pinctada sp.); Rioja 1941b: 738 (Acapulco, Guerrero, on rocks); Steinbeck &amp; Ricketts 1941: 367–369 (Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur; encrusting on rocks); Rioja 1942: 132–133, Figs 22–31 (Acapulco, Guerrero; description of juvenile specimens); Rioja 1947a: 216 (Topolobampo, Sinaloa, on rocks and shells); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Gómez et al. 1997: 1071 (Puerto Ángel Beach, Tangolunda Beach and Cacaluta Beach, Oaxaca, on rocks and coral); Fiege &amp; ten Hove 1999: 362–363, Fig. 4 ( Spirobranchus incrassatus as part of S. giganteus complex sensu stricto); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño- Mesa 2004: 56 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 49, Figs 12 C-E (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Colima, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 4–17 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 542, Fig. 4 F (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 98 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist); Morales de Anda et al. 2014: 126 (Navidad Bay, Jalisco); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Spirobranchus giganteus (not Pallas, 1766).— Monro 1933b: 1080 ( Taboga Island and Perlas Islands, Panamá; Gorgona Island, Colombia; Santiago [ James], Floreana [ Charles] and Isabela [ Albemarle] Islands, Galápagos, on pier floats, coral, shorepools in lava, fine gravel in pools; 0–7 m) ; Rioja 1963: 220 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa; Zihuatanejo, Guerrero; and Ballena Island, Baja California Sur); ten Hove 1970: 16–18, Figs 46–47, 58–59, 61–62 (synonymized several records of S. incrassatus from the Tropical Eastern Pacific); Kudenov 1980: 123 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur) ; Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25–26 ( Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–17 m); López-García et al. 1997: 66 ( Coiba Island, Panamá, on live corals as Porites lobata Dana); Gotshall 1998: 91, Fig. 26 (field guide of the Gulf of California) ; Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 56 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Kerstitch &amp; Bertsch 2007: 38, Fig. 62 (field guide of the Gulf of California); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus (not Grube, 1862).— Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (Socorro Island; Ballena Island and Espíritu Santo Island, Baja California Sur, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 56 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).</p><p>Spirobranchus spinosus (not Moore, 1923).— Salcedo-Martínez et al. 1988: 84 (Zihuatanejo, Guerrero; 2–9 m); Rodríguez Cajiga 1993: 502 (Barra de Navidad, Jalisco).</p><p>Material examined. 18 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7898, 8 spec. (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.31126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.814749" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.31126/lat 25.814749)">Puerto Escondido</a>, sta. 2: 25°48’53.1”N, 111°18’40.5”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7899 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.31145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.81436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.31145/lat 25.81436)">Puerto Escondido</a>, sta. 3: 25°48’51.7”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB) ; UANL 7900 ( Marina de La Paz, sta. 1: 24°09’17.7”N, 110°19’32.3”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL &amp; ARB, as Spirobranchus sp.).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 807, 8 spec. (Puerto Ángel, pier, May 20, 2007, coll. FCC &amp; SRH); UMAR-POLY 808, 3 spec. (La India Beach, Huatulco, on Spondylus calcifer [now S. limbatus], December 3, 2005, coll. JHB); UMAR-POLY 809 (Conejos Bay, Huatulco, June 11, 2005, coll. JHB &amp; GNL).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (17 m, Bastida-Zavala 1995). Most specimens revised here were from anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports (from La Paz and Puerto Escondido, Baja California Sur, and from Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca). However, previously it was found on live ( Porites lobata) and dead coral ( Pocillopora verrucosa), on spiny oyster Spondylus limbatus and Pinctada, on rock pools, and on pier piles (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific. Baja California Sur (México) to Panamá and Colombia (Krøyer [in] Mörch 1863; Ehlers 1887; ten Hove 1970; Bastida-Zavala 1995).</p><p>Remarks. Spirobranchus incrassatus was found both in natural and anthropogenic substrates. It is a fouling species with the potential to be introduced to other tropical regions by ships. The species was confused several times with S. giganteus, a Caribbean species (see remarks in Bastida-Zavala 2008).</p><p>Hernández-Alcántara et al. (2003: 9) list Treadwell’s (1914) record of Spirobranchus quadricornis (Grube, 1878) from Santa Catalina Island, Baja California Sur; however, this is a mistake, the record of Treadwell (1914) corresponds to Avalon, in Santa Catalina Island, Southern California, and the material most likely belongs to S. spinosus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785870EFFE2FF24FCAD5BBFFD47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785870DFFE2FF24FCA85AC2FB47.text	EC398785870DFFE2FF24FCA85AC2FB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird 1865) Baird 1865	<div><p>Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird, 1865)</p><p>Placostegus cariniferus var. Kraussii Baird, 1865: 13 –15. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Pomatoleios kraussii .— Straughan 1969: 235–236 ( Coconut Island, Hawaii; intertidal to 1.5 m; rocks and coral rubble on reef flat and on fouling plates); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77–78 ( Oahu Island, Maui Island and Hawaii Island, rocky intertidal, reef flats, epifauna of mollusks and crustaceans and boat harbors); Bailey-Brock 1987: 421, fig. 3.11.193 (Hawaii, in intertidal reefs flats and in shallow subtidal waters).</p><p>Spirobranchus kraussii .— Pillai 2009: 146 –148, 168, fig. 49E–G (new combination).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to 1 m. Fouling species, on rocks and coral rubble on reef flat (Bailey-Brock 1976). Distribution. Indo-West Pacific. South Africa , Madagascar, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Australia, Japan, Hawaii (Day 1967; Straughan 1969; Bailey-Brock 1987).</p><p>Remarks. Spirobranchus kraussii was not found in this study, but see Overview of the sabellid and serpulid introductions, below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785870DFFE2FF24FCA85AC2FB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785870DFFE4FF24FAB65A26FBBF.text	EC398785870DFFE4FF24FAB65A26FBBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirobranchus minutus (Rioja 1941) Rioja 1941	<div><p>Spirobranchus minutus (Rioja, 1941b)</p><p>(Figures 8, 13 H)</p><p>Pomatoceros minutus Rioja, 1941b: 734 –738, pl. 9, Figs 15–26 . Type locality: Acapulco, Guerrero, hydrocaulus of Pennaria Goldfuss (type specimens lost).</p><p>Pomatoceros minutus .— Rioja 1942: 130 –132, Figs 15–21 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa, and Río Mayo, Sonora, 15 m, on shell of Pteria Scopoli, as Avicula Bruguière) ; Rioja 1946: 201 –202 (Veracruz, on algae entangled in fisherman nets); Rioja 1947a: 215 (Mapahui, Topolobampo and Navachiste, Sinaloa); Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1958: 405 ( Abreojos Point, Baja California Sur; floating seaweed); Weisbord, 1964: 161 –164, pl. 21, Figs 4–5, pl. 22, Figs 3–4 (recent, Playa Grande Yachting Club and Higuerote beaches, northern Venezuela, on several mollusk shells; and fossil, same as Serpulorbis catella); Zibrowius 1970: 15 –16, pl. 3, Figs 11 –15 ( São Sebastião and Ubatuba, Brazil, 6–15 m, on rocks, madrepores and gorgonians); Shepherd 1972: 5 (La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur; epifauna on Pinctada mazatlanica); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Bastida-Zavala 1993: 35 (Caimancito Beach, Baja California Sur); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Lewis et al. 2006: 669 (ten Hove identified specimens from the tall ship “Gorch Fock” in Sydney, Australia); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 31–33, Figs 7 H–M (Hawaii, Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Costa Rica and Perú; intertidal to 17 m); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 49 (mentioned only); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 538, Figs 3 O, 5M (identification key for Tropical America); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 76 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Serpulorbis catella Weisbord, 1962: 156 –157, pl. 13, Figs 17–18 (fossil, type locality: Lower Mare and Abisinia formations, Venezuelan Pliocene and Pleistocene; on pelecypod shell).</p><p>Pomatoceros caeruleus (not Schmarda, 1861).— Rioja 1963: 220 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa; Guaymas, Sonora; and Zihuatanejo, Guerrero; on algae and mollusc shells); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 200 (Mexican coasts, checklist).</p><p>Placostegus sp.— Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 4–17 m).</p><p>Pomatoleios crosslandi (not Pixell, 1913).— Bastida-Zavala 1995: 25 (Cabo Pulmo Reef, Baja California Sur, on coral; 17 m).</p><p>Pomatoceros cf. minutus .— Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a: 814 –815, Figs 5 a–f ( Cazones, Veracruz, and IMCA IV, sta. 41, Campeche; 42 m).</p><p>Spirobranchus minutus .— Pillai 2009: 146 –148 (new combination, synonymy of the genera Pomatoceros Philippi and Pomatoleios Pixell with Spirobranchus); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 106 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UANL 7901 ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, La Paz, 24°16.173’N, 110°19.839’W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL).</p><p>Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 810, 6 spec. (Faro de Bucerías, on sabellariid tubes, December 21, 1996, coll. SGM); UMAR-Poly 811, 9 spec. (Caleta de Campos, on sabellariid tubes, December 17, 1994, coll. RBZ).</p><p>Guerrero: UMAR-POLY 812 (La Ropa Beach, Zihuatanejo, on rock with algae, September 20, 2007, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 813, 6 spec. (Manzanillo Beach, Zihuatanejo, on exposed algae, September 21, 2007, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-POLY 814, 2 spec. (Morro del Cerro Colorado, Nov 30, 2010, coll. SGG); UMAR-Poly 815 (La Roqueta Island, Acapulco, on sabellariid tubes, May 26, 2000, coll. RBZ); UMAR-Poly 816 (Cantiles, Acapulco, on oysters, 8 m, May 26, 2000, coll. AM).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 817, 14 spec. (Corralero Lagoon, on mangrove, December 7, 2006, coll. RBZ); UMAR-POLY 818-OH, 6 spec., 3 donated to Elena Kupriyanova (Agua Blanca Beach, high tide, on sabellariid tubes, September 9, 2010, coll. BMD); UMAR-POLY 819, 30 spec. (Panteón Beach, intertidal, on rocks, June 12, 2012, coll. ERR &amp; MJC); UMAR-POLY 820, 2 spec. (Puerto Ángel, on pier, May 20, 2007); UMAR-POLY 821 (Estacahuite Beach, intertidal, on rocks, June 2, 2012, coll. AVB &amp; MTM); UMAR-POLY 822, 2 spec. ( Marina Chahué, Huatulco, on rocks, May 22, 2000, coll. RBZ); UMAR-POLY 823, 7 spec. (same, on mollusc, May 22, 2000, coll. RBZ); UMAR-POLY 824, 3 spec. (El Arrocito Beach, Huatulco, July 4, 2007, coll. FCC &amp; SRH); UMAR-POLY 825, 7 spec. (La Ventosa pier, Salina Cruz, May 21, 2000, coll. SSV et al.); UMAR-Poly 826, 2 spec. (Laguna Inferior, San Dionisio del Mar, 16°18’8”N, 94°44’56”W, 0.5 m, salinity= 30.77 PSU, August 30, 2014, coll. CPR); UMAR-POLY 827, 5 spec. (from Oaxaca, no more data).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (42 m, Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a). Some specimens were collected from anthropogenic substrates in marinas (from La Paz, Baja California Sur, and from Huatulco and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca), as hull fouling, with salinity range of 30–36 PSU; also in brackish-water lagoons on mangrove roots; in marine water on rock bottoms, dead coral Pocillopora verrucosa, sabellariid colonies, hydrozoa Pennaria, and on Pteria and oysters shells (Bastida-Zavala 2008). Fouling species.</p><p>Distribution. Native in Tropical Pacific America. Baja California Sur (México) to Perú (Rioja 1941b; Rioja 1942; Bastida-Zavala 1993). It also was recorded from Brazil (Zibrowius 1970), the Gulf of Mexico (Rioja 1946; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a), Sydney (Lewis et al. 2006) and Hawaii (Bastida-Zavala 2008), where it should be considered to be an exotic species.</p><p>Remarks. Spirobranchus minutus was found both on natural and anthropogenic substrates. It is a fouling species with potential to be introduced to other tropical regions by ships. We suspect that its presence in the Tropical Western Atlantic represent an historical introduction as fouling via ships, because it is recorded from few sites, some related to ports or fouling plates: Veracruz Port (Rioja 1946), Cazones, Veracruz (river mouth, collected in 1981), Campeche Bank (oil platforms, collected in 1989), São Sebastião and Ubatuba, Brazil (collected in 1961– 1962) (Zibrowius 1970; Bastida-Zavala &amp; Salazar-Vallejo 2000a) and the northern of Gulf of Mexico (from fouling plates in ports, collected between 1999-2005, Bastida-Zavala et al., unpublished data).</p><p>An alternative hypothesis is that the species has a true Amphiamerican distribution, considering the Recent and fossil (Pliocene and Pleistocene) records of Spirobranchus minutus from northern Venezuela (Weisbord 1962; 1964), the species may have had a free genetic flux between the eastern Pacific and Caribbean populations when the Isthmus of Panamá had not yet been formed (3.5 million years ago). Whether or not populations of both Tropical American coasts are the same can only be decided by a DNA analysis.</p><p>In 1990, ten Hove identified several adult specimens of Spirobranchus minutus (co-occurring with Hydroides brachyacantha), scraped from the tall ship “Gorch Fock” that arrived in Sydney Harbor after an almost three weeks stay in Acapulco, Guerrero (in: Lewis et al. 2006: 669). Bastida-Zavala (2008) recorded this species in Hawaii from the hull of a sailboat too, after of a four-month voyage from San Francisco, Los Angeles, México to Hilo and Honolulu, Hawaii.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785870DFFE4FF24FAB65A26FBBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
EC398785870BFFE5FF24FB775FEFFCD7.text	EC398785870BFFE5FF24FB775FEFFCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vermiliopsis multiannulata (Moore 1923) Moore 1923	<div><p>Vermiliopsis multiannulata (Moore, 1923)</p><p>(Figures 8, 13 I)</p><p>Metavermilia multiannulata Moore, 1923: 251 –253, pl. 18, Fig. 48. Type locality: off Point Pinos Lighthouse, central California, 91–104 m, green mud and rocks. Only the holotype belongs to the genus Vermiliopsis; the other specimens from the type-series, from San Nicolas Island, Southern California, belong to Pseudovermilia conchata (see ten Hove 1975: 88).</p><p>Vermiliopsis glandigerus (not Gravier, 1906).— Monro 1933b: 1085 ( Coiba Island, Panamá).</p><p>Vermiliopsis multiannulata .— Rioja 1941b: 734, pl. 9, Figs 27–36 (Acapulco, Guerrero, on algae) ; Rioja 1942: 130 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa, on rocks); Rioja 1960: 255 (Lozano Bay, Socorro Island, on Eucidaris thouarsii spines and rocks); Hartman 1961: 45 (Central and Southern California, rocky habitats in shallow depths) ; Rioja 1963: 220 (Zihuatanejo, Guerrero; Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco; Topolobampo, Sinaloa; and Guaymas, Sonora); Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Londoño-Mesa 2004: 57 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 102 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 333, Figs 3 n, 8g-j (fouling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa); Dean et al. 2012: 364 –365 ( Cocos Island, Costa Rica); Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).</p><p>Vermiliopsis infundibulum (not Philippi, 1844).— Hartman 1969: 779 –780, Figs 1–5 (Southern California, all figures were taken from Fauvel 1927: 364, Faune de France); Berkeley &amp; Berkeley 1961: 662 –663 (Carmel Canyon, Southern California; 24–48 m) ; Bailey-Brock 1976: 77 –79 (Oahu Island, Hawaii; 200–600 m) .</p><p>Pseudovermilia conchata (not ten Hove, 1975).— de León-González et al. 1993: 879 (Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur, epifauna on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ”; 30 m); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2003: 9 (Socorro Island, checklist).</p><p>cf. Vermiliopsis multiannulata .— Dean 1996: 84 (Golfo Dulce, Pacific coast of Costa Rica); Dean 2004: 165–166 (list of polychaetes from Costa Rica).</p><p>Vermiliopsis infundibulum glandigera complex.— López-García et al. 1997: 67 ( Coiba Island, Panamá, on dead corals); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 53, fig. 13D (Baja California Sur and Oaxaca; 6–30 m); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).</p><p>Material examined. 13 specimens.</p><p>Baja California Sur: UMAR-Poly 828-OH, 10 spec. (Caleritas Beach, La Paz Bay, March 1, 2006, coll. DHP et al.); UMAR-Poly 829 (Mexican Pacific, probably Concepción Bay, sta. 173, no more data).</p><p>Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 830 (Caleta de Campos, on sabellariid tubes, December 17, 1994, coll. RBZ).</p><p>Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 831 (Puerto Ángel, on rocks, April 18, 2009, coll. JLR).</p><p>Habitat. Subtidal (6–104 m, Moore 1923); Bailey-Brock (1976) recorded specimens from 200–600 m, from Oahu, Hawaii; it is possible that these would prove to be a species different from Vermiliopsis multiannulata . In rock pools and on sabellariid tubes, also on spiny oysters “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ” (de León-González et al. 1993) and S. limbatus (Bastida-Zavala 2008) .</p><p>Distribution. California (Moore 1923), Hawaii (Bailey-Brock 1976), and Tropical Eastern Pacific, from Punta San Juanico, western coast of Baja California Sur to Panamá (Rioja 1941b; López-García et al. 1997; Bastida- Zavala 2008).</p><p>Remarks. The status of Vermiliopsis multiannulata was rather confused, type specimens and historical records are a mix of V. multiannulata, Pseudovermilia occidentalis and P. conchata ten Hove, 1975 (Bastida-Zavala 2008: 54) . Vermiliopsis multiannulata sensu stricto is part of the V. infundibulum / glandigerus /pygidialis complex (ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 102), that can only be solved with a thorough revision of the genus, including morphological and molecular characters and ecological aspects. For the Tropical Eastern Pacific we have used the local name V. multiannulata, following the suggestion of Tovar-Hernández et al. (2009b: 333). One of the reasons for this is that our taxon occurs infrequently in fouling samples from marinas and ports, a main dispersal mode for exotic species, and it is thus less likely that it has arrived as result of anthropogenic activities.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC398785870BFFE5FF24FB775FEFFCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando;Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez;León-González, Jesús Angel De;Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea;Carmona, Isabel	Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea, Carmona, Isabel (2016): New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401-457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.1
