taxonID	type	description	language	source
EE1B9519FF9EFFE7FE5EFAAF9CE6F900.taxon	description	(Figures 1 (b), 2 (a), 3 (a – c), and 4 – 7; Table 1)	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF9EFFE7FE5EFAAF9CE6F900.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Three hundred and fifty-eight specimens (4.08 % of the total) collected in 42 samples (Figure 1 (b); Table 1). Many specimens found within gastropod and scaphod shells and foraminiferan thecae (Figure 4 (c – f )).	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF9EFFE7FE5EFAAF9CE6F900.taxon	description	Description of BIOICE specimens Body elongated, club-shaped, posterior end more swollen (Figures 3 (a), 4 (a), 5 (a), 6 (a), and 7 (a )). Specimens 2.0 – 8.3 mm long with 25 – 38 chaetigers. Body width about 0.5 mm in first chaetiger, up to 1.0 mm in midbody in larger specimens. Cuticle thick, opaque, with many striations (Figures 5 (c), 6 (c), and 7 (e )), thinner in midbody; intestine and oocytes visible by transparency. Body divided in three regions: 1) anterior: from prostomium to CH 16, chaetigers short, rugose (Figures 3 (b), 5 (b, c), 6 (b), and 7 (b, c )); 2) median: swollen, segments wider, longer (Figure 6 (c )); 3) posterior: narrow, segments short, rugose with many micropapillae (Figure 6 (e, f )). Parapodia birramous, parapodial lobes small, inconspicuous (Figures 5 (c) and 6 (c )). CH 1 – 3 with two unidentate aciculars per rami (Figures 5 (b) and 7 (b )) covered with minute scales (Figure 7 (f )). Following chaetigers with only one acicular and one capillary (usually broken) per rami (Figures 3 (c), 5 (c), and 6 (c )), pattern variable in median and posterior body regions (Figure 7 (d )). One interramal pyriform papilla (Figure 6 (d )) in all chaetigers, sometimes bifid (Figure 5 (d )), better developed in anterior and median regions. Genital papilla, single, round, swollen, dorsally on right side of intersegmental border between CH 10 – 11 (Figures 6 (b, c) and 7 (c )); one specimen (sample 2423) with papilla on CH 16. Habitat and distribution Originally described from deep-sea bottoms (4,040 – 4,060 m) off SW Ireland (Hartmann- Schröder 1983). BIOICE specimens were collected at SW Iceland at depths of between 304 and 1,819 m; temperature range: 2.55 – 7.11 ºC (Figure 2 (a )); most specimens were found off South Reykjanes Peninsula; near continental shelf and around Vestman and Surtsey islands (Figure 1 (b )), also reaching Westernfjords to the NW and deeper bottoms off the coast near Faxaflói Bay.	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF9EFFE7FE5EFAAF9CE6F900.taxon	discussion	Remarks According to the diagnosis provided by Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2019), this species is characterised by showing an increase in the number of chaetae along the body towards the posterior end, rugose body surface and posterior chaetigers provided with 3 – 4 aciculars and 3 – 4 capillaries per parapodial rami; this species belongs to the group that also includes Fauveliopsis glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960) and Fauveliopsis scabra Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 because of having chaetigers bearing three or more chaetae along medial and posterior body regions (Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2019). Fauveliopsis olgae differs from F. glabra in having a rugose body surface and up to four aciculars and four capillaries chaetae per rami instead of having a smooth body and 2 – 3 chaetae of each kind per rami; F. scabra has also a rugose body but the genital papilla is located on the posterior border of CH 8 instead of between CH 10 – 11 as in F. olgae (Salazar-Vallejo et al., 2019). On the other hand, Fauveliopsis brattegardi Fauchald, 1972 was the first species of the genus described from Europe (Norway). It differs, however, from BIOICE specimens because of having the same chaetal formula across all body segments, i. e. two short aciculars and two slender capillaries per parapodial ramus (Fauchald 1972; Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2019). This pattern is also found in the Atlantic species Fauveliopsis jameoaquensis Núñez in Núñez, Ocaña & Brito, 1997 but this species differs from F. scabra, F. brattegardi and F. olgae in having only 10 chaetigers and smooth body surface. Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2019) identified as F. olgae some material collected off Galician coasts (Iberian Peninsula) and specimens previously reported in the NE Atlantic by Amoureux (1982) as Fauveliopsis sp. BIOICE specimens were found in samples with a wide range of depth and temperature values; some relevant morphological features differed in comparison to the holotype, such as the lack of ventral shield, while others show some variability (i. e. chaetiger of location of genital papilla). Therefore, this suggests the possibility of cryptic species within this taxon.	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF87FFF9FE6EFF789C04FC7E.taxon	description	(Figures 1 (c), 2 (b), and 3 (d – f); Table 1)	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF87FFF9FE6EFF789C04FC7E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined 4,023 specimens (45.81 % of the total) collected in 77 samples (Figure 1 (c); Table 1).	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF87FFF9FE6EFF789C04FC7E.taxon	description	Description of BIOICE specimens Body elongated, blunt at each end, circular in transversal section (Figure 3 (d )); prostomium and peristomium usually retracted within CH 1 – 4. Specimens 2.0 – 8.0 mm long, 0.4 – 0.5 mm wide, with 16 chaetigers. Cuticle thin, transparent, with micropapillae mostly behind parapodia; intestine and oocytes visible by transparency. Three body regions: 1) anterior comprising prostomium, peristomium and CH 1 – 4, segments short and well delimited, with four unidentate aciculars per parapodium (Figure 3 (e )), two of them thick, straight, and two thinner, elongated and recurved (bidentate chaetae observed in smaller specimens); 2) median: CH 5 – 15, segments longer than in other body regions; each parapodial ramus provided with one thin, elongated capillary and one thicker acicular, notopodial chaetae longer than neuropodial ones (Figure 3 (f )); 3) posterior region comprising only CH 16 and pygidium, CH 16 bearing same chaetae as in middle region but acicular longer and bent backwards, surpassing posterior end; pygidium with three papillae only visible under SEM accompanied by a number of micropapillae. Intersegmental grooves gradually less conspicuous and eventually disappearing from CH 4 backwards. Parapodia biramous, lobes hardly developed. One interramal papilla in all chaetigers, spherical and hardly visible under stereomicroscope (Figure 3 (f )); papillae of similar size across body and slightly displaced towards notopodium. One pair of globose to verrucose genital papillae, located latero-dorsally at each side of CH 6 near posterior border (Figure 3 (d )). Habitat and distribution BIOICE material was collected in a wide range of depths (256 – 2,709 m) and bottom temperature (2.07 – 7.08 ºC) (Figure 2 (b )). Most specimens were found in samples around southern Iceland (Figure 1 (c )) but their geographic distribution also reaches Westernfjords at NW Iceland and the southeast coasts. The shallowest samples were located from Reykjanes Peninsula and Vik to Vestman and Surtsey islands, while the deepest ones were found off the coast at SE and SW Iceland. This species is apparently widespread in the Atlantic Ocean. In the North Atlantic, it has been reported from New England (Hartman 1965; Hartman and Fauchald 1971) to the Gulf of Biscay (Katzmann and Laubier 1974; Martínez and Adarraga 2012) and into the Mediterranean Sea (Laubier 1972); there are also records from the Southern Hemisphere at abyssal depths (Fiege et al. 2010; Thiel et al. 2011, as cf.) including the Sandwich Islands (Levenstein 1975). Reports by Hartman (1978) in the Antarctic Ocean and Blake and Petersen (2000) from California need confirmation.	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF87FFF9FE6EFF789C04FC7E.taxon	discussion	Remarks Identification of BIOICE specimens followed descriptions and characters considered in Petersen (2000), Martínez and Adarraga (2012) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2019). Our observations confirmed the presence of one pair of genital papillae in CH 6. This supports the idea that L. hartmanae (Levenstein, 1970), traditionally considered a junior synonym of L. brevis, should be considered a valid species because it bears only an impaired papilla in that chaetiger. In fact, Thiel et al. (2011) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2019), these last reinstating the validity of this species, pointed out that L. hartmanae also differs from L. brevis in lacking bidentate acicular chaetae, and the last segment is provided with acicular chaetae not extending beyond pygidium when retracted. BIOICE specimens showed a wide range of sizes but all had 16 chaetigers. However, Thiel et al. (2011) reported juvenile stages of 7 – 9 chaetigers, but such specimens were not found among our material. On the other hand, Zhadan and Salazar-Vallejo (2019) pointed out that L. brevis has a smooth cuticle and bears aciculars; on the contrary, BIOICE specimens have micropapillae behind the parapodia while bidentate chaetae are only present in small-sized individuals whereas larger specimens bear instead unidentate chaetae. Petersen (2000) considered that L. brevis might correspond to a species complex after taking into account the discrepancies between available descriptions of type series and other material attributed to this species. However, Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2019) did not consider such possibility and characterised L. brevis against L. hartmanae according to the shape and number of genital papillae, and whether acicular chaetae are bidentate or not. In our opinion, further taxonomic morphological studies coupled with a molecular approach are needed to clarify this.	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF86FFFCFE46FB9F9C24FBE8.taxon	description	(Figures 1 (d), 2 (c), 3 (g, h), 8 and 9; Table 1)	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF86FFFCFE46FB9F9C24FBE8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined 4,400 specimens (50.11 % of the total) collected in 97 samples (Figure 1 (d); Table 1).	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF86FFFCFE46FB9F9C24FBE8.taxon	description	Description of BIOICE specimens Body 2.0 – 10.0 mm long, 0.2 – 0.5 mm wide, 21 chaetigers (Figure 8 (a )); prostomium and peristomium usually retracted within CH 1 – 4 (Figure 8 (a – d )), partially everted in some specimens (Figure 8 (f )). Cuticle with micropapillae only visible under SEM (Figure 8 (e )). Three body regions: 1) anterior comprising prostomium, peristomium and CH 1 – 4, segments short with intersegmental grooves well delimited; one acicular per parapodial rami in CH 1 – 2 (Figure 9 (a )), bidentate (Figure 9 (b )) but unidentate in specimens <4 mm long; up to four unidentate aciculars per rami in CH 3 – 4 (Figure 8 (d, e )); 2) median: CH 5 – 20, segments longer, lacking defined intersegmental grooves; each parapodial ramus provided with one thick acicular not protruding from parapodial wall and one capillary (Figure 9 (c, d )), both types with scale cover (Figure 9 (d )); 3) posterior region comprising only CH 21 and pygidium; CH 21 bearing elongated falcate aciculars (Figure 9 (e )); pygidium uni- or bilobed, provided with three conspicuous papillae accompanied by a number of micropapillae (Figure 9 (f, g )). One interramal papilla, spherical, hardly visible under stereomicroscope; more developed in anterior segments and displaced towards notopodium (Figures 8 (g) and 9 (a, c )). One genital papilla located on posterior right side of CH 8 close to limit with CH 9 (Figure 9 (c )). Habitat and distribution BIOICE specimens show a range of geographic distribution in Iceland similar to that of the two aforementioned species but within a narrower range of depth and temperature values (171 – 196 m; 5.18 – 7.61 ºC; Figure 2 (c )). Samples are mostly distributed across western Iceland, from Vestman and Surtsey islands to Snaefelnes Peninsula south of Esternfjords (Figure 1 (d )). This species was previously reported in the Atlantic Ocean by Petersen (2000) from North Iceland to the Faroe Islands, at depths of between 265 and 1,157 m and mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz (southern Iberian Peninsula; Cunha et al. 2013).	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
EE1B9519FF86FFFCFE46FB9F9C24FBE8.taxon	discussion	Remarks BIOICE specimens mostly agreed with descriptions provided by Petersen (2000) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2019), but some showed some variability in relevant taxonomic characters, such as the total number of chaetigers, number of chaetae per parapodium and number and location of genital papillae. For instance, seven specimens of 7 – 8 mm in length and 21 chaetigers showed two genital papillae (samples 2237, 2273, 2867, 3565, 3617 – 1 spec. each-, 2308 – 2 spec. -), while two 6 - mm long specimens had 22 chaetigers (sample 2392), and one 8 - mm long specimen had 20 chaetigers (sample 2398), all three with only one papilla. On the other hand, one specimen (7 - mm long, sample 2401) showed 22 chaetigers and one pair of genital papillae on CH 8; these characters are also present in Laubieriopsis norvegica Zhadan & Atroshchenko, 2012 (type locality: off Bergen, Norway). However, the latter differs from our specimen in number and features of chaetae, lacking aciculars in median and posterior parapodia, which are provided only with one capillary and one very small and thin additional chaeta in each parapodial ramus (Zhadan and Atroshchenko 2012; Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2019). Furthermore, BIOICE specimens differ from those reported in Hawaii (Central Pacific) by Magalhães et al. (2014, as cf.) in having parapodial lobes that are more developed, chaetae that are provided with scale covering along its full length and CH 21 chaetae that are longer and recurved backwards. On the contrary, Pacific specimens are small (up to 5 mm in length) and lacking genital papilla, and are provided with chaetae that are smooth basally and distally while covered by rows of spines (‘ rings of denticles’) elsewhere; genital papilla is, however, discernible already in BIOICE specimens at least of 4 mm in length.	en	Zamora, José Luis, Parapar, Julio, Helgason, Gudmundur V., Moreira, Juan (2020): Taxonomy and distribution of Icelandic Fauveliopsidae (Annelida) collected during the BIOICE project. Journal of Natural History 53 (47 - 48): 2951-2974, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1757170
