taxonID	type	description	language	source
E97987A5FFCA7860FE68FC63FB13FDD4.taxon	description	Tromodesia haemorrhoidalis Bigot, 1889: 267 – (Tromodesia). Holotype male (NHM-UK) seen: ‘ Mexico’	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCA7860FE68FC63FB13FDD4.taxon	description	Of the nine genera placed in the ‘ Zeliini’, six very closely resemble Zelia: Diaugia Perty, 1833; Huascarodexia Townsend, 1919; Neozelia Guimarães, 1975; Taperamyia Townsend, 1935; Ushpayacua Townsend, 1928; Yahuarmayoia Townsend, 1927. All of these genera are monotypic except for Zelia and most, if not all, may be synonymous with Zelia. As a confirmation of this view, while conducting a taxonomic revision of the genus Opsozelia Townsend, 1919, another genus that also very closely resembles Zelia, Dios and Santis (2019) formally synonymised it with Zelia. The genus Ophirodexia can be distinguished from Zelia and its closely related genera by following the diagnostic key. The male with pulvilli and claws shorter than the fifth tarsomere is the most fascinating trait found only in Ophirodexia. Tromodesiana Townsend, 1931, a former member of ‘ Zeliini’, differs from all other genera of this former tribe by having setulae on both the prosternum and propleuron; a setulose prosternum is a very rare trait in Dexiinae, being present in some species of Ebenia Macquart, 1846 (Dufouriini), but in no other Dexiini. Recently, O’Hara et al. (2020) considered Tromodesiana an unplaced Tachinidae. Thus, regarding the above evidence and discussion, it is quite likely that Tromodesiana does not pertain to Dexiini, and its placement in Dexiinae is doubtful. Finally, following the generic diagnosis given herein, Tromodesiopsis atrifrons was considered to fall within the generic delimitation of Ophirodexia. Tromodesiopsis presents the main traits found only in Ophirodexia (e. g. width of parafacial 0.8 – 0.9 × the width of gena, genal dilation undeveloped, male with pulvilli and claws shorter than fifth tarsomere and abdomen cylindrical, with syntergite 1 + 2 with a pair of marginal median setae) and does not present the traits of Zelia (e. g. width of parafacial 0.5 × the width of gena, genal dilation is developed, male with pulvilli and claws longer than fifth tarsomere, and the abdomen is somewhat ovate, not cylindric, with the syntergite 1 + 2 without a pair of marginal median setae); thus, it is generically different from Zelia but not from Ophirodexia, supporting this new combination. Diagnostic key for Zelia and Ophirodexia	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCA7860FE68FC63FB13FDD4.taxon	description	Ocellar seta strong. Frontal vitta at its widest point approximately 2 × as wide as the vertex in dorsal view. Frontal vitta at its narrowest point the same width as the ocellar triangle. Width of parafacial measured between inner margin of compound eye and antennal insertion is 0.5 × the width of gena in lateral view. Genal dilation developed. Male with pulvilli and claws long, longer than fifth tarsomere. Abdomen somewhat ovate, not cylindrical. Syntergite 1 + 2 without a pair of marginal median setae. Tergite 3 with 0 – 3 pairs of discal setae that increase its length posteriorly ... Zelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCF7865FE8DFB35FE09FEFB.taxon	description	(Figure 1)	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCF7865FE8DFB35FE09FEFB.taxon	description	(1891: 238, redescription of T. haemorrhoidalis). Holotype male of Tromodesia haemorrhoidalis Bigot, 1889 (= Ophirodexia atrifrons) from NHM-UK in good condition, but lower part of head partly covered by mould (Figure 1 (b )), front legs missing, one mid leg missing and tarsus missing, one hind leg missing and tibia and tarsus missing, left wing damaged. Note. The synonymy of Tromodesia haemorrhoidalis with Musca atrifrons was first proposed by Brauer and Bergenstamm (1893), and was later confirmed by Townsend (1939) and Guimarães (1971). After consulting the redescription of the holotype of M. atrifrons by Aldrich (1929) and comparing it with the holotype of T. haemorrhoidalis, it is clear that this synonymy is correct and it is therefore followed herein.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCF7865FE8DFB35FE09FEFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head with pedicel entirely brownish black (Figure 1 (b )); fronto-orbital plate with very small setulae along its extension; parafacial silvery to slightly golden pruinosity; syntergite 1 + 2 to tergite 4 brownish black, without median brown longitudinal vitta; silver pruinosity covering almost all tergites (Figure 1 (a, c )); tergite 5 reddish brown apically (Figure 1 (c )).	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCF7865FE8DFB35FE09FEFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCD7864FE99FE5FFCC3FAFA.taxon	description	(Figure 2)	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCD7864FE99FE5FFCC3FAFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype ♂ (NHM-UK): ‘ Holo- / type’ ‘ ♀ ’; ‘ N. Yucatan, / Gaumer. ’; ‘ B. C. A. Dipt. II / Leptoda / semirufa, / v. d. W. ’; ‘ Centra America. / Pres. By / F. D. Godman. / O. Salvin. / 1903 - 172. ’; ‘ NHMUK 013933627 ’.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCD7864FE99FE5FFCC3FAFA.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length: 12.0 mm. Colouration. Frontal vitta and ocellar triangle dark brown to black. Fronto orbital plate and parafacial with pale golden pruinosity. Occiput silvery pruinose with long and golden setulae. Postpedicel orange, but posterior margin brownish black. Palpus light yellow to orange. Thorax brown to dark brown with pale golden to greyish pruinosity; in presutural region with four dark vittae, the two inner vittae are thinner than the outer, in postsutural region with five dark vittae, only the median vitta reaching the hind margin, the outer vittae twice as long as the submedian pair. Scutellum silvery pruinose. Wing hyaline. Calypter hyaline. Halter yellow-tawny. Posterior spiracle light yellow. Legs brownish black, but femur silver pruinose. Claws brown, pulvilli yellow. Abdomen dark yellow, with uninterrupted median brown longitudinal vitta on syntergite 1 + 2 to tergite 4; posterior margin of tergite 4 broadly dark, and more narrowly so on tergite 3, both these tergites with a band of silver pruinosity on anterior half, ground colour of tergite 5 mostly tawny yellow, almost entirely covered with silver pruinosity. Head. (Figure 2 (a, b )). Ocellar seta weak. Frontal vitta at its widest point ca. as wide as the vertex in dorsal view. Frontal vitta at its narrowest point smaller than the width of the ocellar triangle. Inner vertical setae well developed and long, outer vertical seta shorter, about 1 / 4 the length of inner. Fronto-orbital plate with 12 – 13 pairs of proclinate setae; narrower than frontal vitta and parafacial. Postocellar proclinate. Width of parafacial measured between inner margin of compound eye and antennal insertion is 0.8 – 0.9 × the width of gena in lateral view. Postpedicel slender, 2 × the combined length of scape and pedicel; ventral cilia longer than the dorsal, longest cilia ca. 4 × basal width of arista. Facial ridge with 3 – 4 setulae on lower third. Lower facial margin not protruding, invisible in profile. Vibrissa long, inserted at the level of lower facial margin. Prementum about 0.8 × the length of palpus. Labellum narrow, about 0.3 × the prementum. Thorax. (Figure 2 (a, c )). Acrostichals 2 + 3. Dorsocentral 4 + 4. Intra-alar 2 + 4; intrapostalar absent. Supra-alar 2 + 3. Postpronotal lobe with 3 setae arranged in a straight line. Anepisternum with 6 strong setae and with 2 upwardly directed setulae anteriorly. Scutellum with 1 basal, 1 lateral, 1 apical and 1 discal pair of setae. Katepisternum with 3 setae. Anepimerum with 1 long seta. Notopleuron with 2 equal-sized setae. Postalar callus with 2 setae. Propleuron and prosternum bare. Anatergite bare. Posterior spiracle with posterior lappet larger than anterior. Katepimeron sparsely setulose. Wing. (Figure 2 (a, c )). Base of R dorsally and ventrally setulose. M vein bent forward to R 4 + 5, forming an angle slightly smaller than 90 °, and convex after bend. Legs. Fore coxa with many setae anteriorly; fore femur with dorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with row of anterodorsal setae, 1 posteroventral seta on median third, 3 preapicals, 2 anterior and 1 posteroventral. Mid femur 2 anteroventral setae on anterior half; 2 anterodorsal setae on apical third; mid tibia 1 posterodorsal seta on distal half; 2 anteroventral setae on posterior half. Hind femur with a row of anteroventral and anterodorsal setae, 3 posteroventral setae on apical median half; hind tibia with 3 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae on median half; 2 anteroventral setae on median half. Mid tibia with 2 posterodrosal setae on median third, 5 preapicals, 2 anterodorsals and 3 posteroventral. Claws straight with the tip curved, shorter than 5 th tarsomere. Abdomen. (Figure 2 (a, c )). Syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 each with 1 pair of median and 1 pair of lateral marginals, tergites 4 and 5 each with complete row of marginals, tergites 3 to 5 each with 2 – 3 discals. Terminalia. Not dissected; only male holotype was available. Female. Unknown.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCD7864FE99FE5FFCC3FAFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown. Note. van der Wulp (1891) was uncertain of the sex of this species and preferred to list it as undetermined in his description. However, the holotype presents a label indicating that this specimen is a female (‘ ♀ ’). A detailed morphological analysis makes it clear, however, from the visible terminalia, that this a male and not a female.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCC786AFE7EFA57FE12FCDD.taxon	description	(Figure 3)	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCC786AFE7EFA57FE12FCDD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PERU: Piura, 1 male, XI. 1912, Townsend col (NHM-UK). Note: This specimen is part of the three males and two females on which the adult description of this species was based, that Townsend (1912) later added to the description of the type material of this species (Townsend 1911) that was based only in the female reproductive system. Not bearing any type status, this material was wrongly referred to as ‘ paratype’ by Townsend (Figure 3 (d )); however, as this adult specimen contributed to his view of what constitutes the identity of Ophirodexia pulchra, this material is invaluable to the recognition of the present species.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCC786AFE7EFA57FE12FCDD.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length: 12.0 mm. Colouration. Frontal vitta and ocellar triangle dark brown to black. Fronto orbital plate and parafacials with silver pruinosity. Occiput silvery pruinose with silvery setulae. Postpedicel light brown, but anterior 1 / 6 orange. Palpus light yellow to orange. Thorax brown to light brown with silver pruinosity; prescutum with 4 faint dark vittae, the 2 inner vittae are thinner than the outer, postscutum entirely silver pruinose, but anterior mid region brownish black. Scutellum light brown. Wing hyaline, but anterior margin smoky. Calypter hyaline. Halter and posterior spiracle light yellow. Legs tawny yellow, but tibia darker, tarsus black. Claws brown, pulvilli yellow. Abdomen mostly tawny yellow on syntergites 1 + 2 and tergite 3, with darker brown median vitta, tergites 4 and 5 mostly brownish-black but tergite 5 tawny yellow on apical 1 / 6, tergites 3 and 4 with silver pruinose band on basal 1 / 3 but tergite 5 with pruinose band on basal 1 / 4. Head. (Figure 3 (b, c )). Ocellar setae weak. Frontal vitta at its widest point ca. as wide as the vertex in dorsal view. Frontal vitta at its narrowest point smaller than the width of the ocellar triangle. Inner vertical setae well developed and long, outer vertical seta shorter, about 1 / 3 the length of inner. Fronto-orbital plate with 12 – 13 pairs of proclinate setae; narrower than frontal vitta and parafacial. Postocellar proclinate. Width of parafacial measured between inner margin of compound eye and antennal insertion is 0.8 – 0.9 × the width of gena in lateral view. Postpedicel slender, 2 × the combined length of scape and pedicel; ventral cilia longer than the dorsal, longest cilia ca. 4 × basal width of arista. Facial ridge with 3 – 4 setulae on lower third. Lower facial margin not protruding, invisible in profile. Vibrissa long, inserted at the level of lower facial margin. Prementum about 0.8 × the length of palpus. Labellum narrow, about 0.3 × the prementum. Thorax. (Figure 3 (a, c )). Acrostichals 3 + 3. Dorsocentral 3 + 3. Intra-alar 2 + 3; intrapostalar absent. Supra-alar 1 + 3. Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae. Anepisternum with 6 strong setae and with 2 upwardly directed setulae anteriorly. Scutellum with 1 basal, 1 lateral, 1 apical and 1 discal pair of setae. Katepisternum with 2 setae. Anepimerum with various long setae. Notopleuron with 2 equal-sized setae. Postalar callus with 2 setae. Propleuron and prosternum bare. Anatergite bare. Posterior spiracle with posterior lappet larger than anterior. Katepimeron sparsely setulose. Wing. (Figure 3 (a, c )). Base of R dorsally and ventrally setulose. M vein bent forward to R 4 + 5, forming an angle slightly smaller than 90 °, and convex after bend. Legs. (Figure 3 (c )). Fore coxa with many setae anteriorly; fore femur with dorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae on median third, 6 preapicals, 1 dorsal, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal, and 1 ventral, 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral. Mid femur 2 posteroventral on apical third; 1 dorsal and 1 posterodorsal on posterior third. Mid tibia with 2 posterodrosal setae on median third, 1 ventral on distal and 1 posterodorsal on apical third; 6 preapicals, 1 dorsal, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal, and 1 ventral, 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral. Hind femur with 5 anteroventral setae on basal half. Hind tibia with 6 posteroventral setae on basal half and 1 anteroventral seta on median half; 6 preapicals, 1 dorsal, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal, and 1 ventral, 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral. Claws straight with the tip curved, same length as 5 th tarsomere. Abdomen. (Figure 3 (a, c )). Syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 each with 1 pair of median and 1 pair of lateral marginals, tergites 4 and 5 each with complete row of marginals, tergites 3 and 4 each with 3 discals. Terminalia. Not dissected. Female. Head with a pair of proclinate orbital setae; abdomen broader on middle.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
E97987A5FFCC786AFE7EFA57FE12FCDD.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown.	en	de Santis, Marcelo Domingos (2021): A review of Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911 (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4): 151-161, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1896048
