identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EA072A59A86CD438D4DF3C7F2C67FE13.text	EA072A59A86CD438D4DF3C7F2C67FE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psallus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Psallus sensu lato</p>
            <p> Type species:  Lygaeus sanguineus Fabricius, 1794 , a synonym of  Cimex haematodes Gmelin, 1790 (subsequent designation by Reuter, 1888: 412). </p>
            <p> Remarks. Species of  Psallus are usually 2.9−5.5 mm in length, with oval or elongate body and various coloration from yellow, or orange, or red, pale or dark brown, or black, sometimes variously spotted or mottled, and rarely tinged with green (Fig. 1). This is one of the largest genera in tribe  Phylini , members of which are grouped into eight different subgenera. The species are distributed in temperate or cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Recently, twenty six species of  Psallus are revised from the Korean Peninsula including new species and first reports (Duwal et al., 2012). Herein, we would like to add descriptions of additional species from the Korean Peninsula;  Psallus (Calopsallus) injensis Duwal sp. nov. ,  P. (Halopasllus) taehwana Duwal sp. nov. ,  P. (Phylidea) yongdaeri Duwal sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA072A59A86CD438D4DF3C7F2C67FE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Duwal, Ram Keshari;Lee, Seunghwan	Duwal, Ram Keshari, Lee, Seunghwan (2015): Additional descriptions of the plant bug genus Psallus from the Korean Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 3926 (4): 585-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.4.8
EA072A59A86FD43CD4DF3A332AA8FD73.text	EA072A59A86FD43CD4DF3A332AA8FD73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psallus (Calopsallus) injensis Duwal	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psallus (Calopsallus) injensis Duwal sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures: 1C, 2A −C, 4D</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the pale yellow, elongated body with variously distributed orange or orange-red speckles on dorsum, scattered brown spots on head and pronotum, discontinuous transverse brown stripes on the head with pale longitudinal median line, and densely distributed brown spots on large part of metafemora arranged in rows towards the base (Fig. 1 C), C −shaped endosoma with broad and complex apex, furnished with numerous spinules, and a tooth like spine on outer margin of apical process, and a curved finger like subapical process facing upward to the apex (Figs. 2 A).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Body elongate. COLORATION (Fig. 1 C): Dorsum entirely pale yellow with variously distributed irregular orange (or orange-red) speckles. Head with scattered orange speckles and brown spots, and transverse brown stripes on head discontinuous at the center forming a pale longitudinal median line; tylus pale with yellowish-brown or reddish lateral margins; antennal segments pale except the sub-basal region of segment I with brown ring and a pair of small brown spots at bases of brown spine; labium entirely pale yellow with brown apex on segment IV. Pronotum pale with scattered orange speckles and brown spots, mesoscutum and scutellum with dense orange-red speckles except at the corners. Hemelytron pale, clavus arranged with sparse orange speckles; endocorium and exocorium with dense orange speckles, cuneus orange-yellow with base and outer margin white and inner margin with discontinuous red colored patches; membrane pale greyish and dull with dark spots at inner and outer margin of cells near the apical region of cuneus. Venter, greyish brown with pale yellow lateral margin of abdominal segments, ostiolar peritreme pale. All legs pale (or somewhat pale brownish), coxae pale with somewhat darker base, trochanters pale, metafemora with densely distributed irregular brown spots arranged in rows towards the base and extreme apex without any spots; tibiae pale with rows of small brown spots at bases of dark brown spines. Abdomen pale yellow. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum furnished with simple dark brown semi-erect setae and moderately flattened sericeous appressed setae; head, pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum polished. STRUCTURE: Antennal segment I half the length of tarsus, segment II subequal to basal width of the pronotum, segment III subequal to the width of head across eyes, and segment IV subequal to the width of vertex; interocular space wide; labium reaching apex of metacoxae. Thorax more or less trapezoid with postero-lateral margins semicurved. Hemelytron sub-parallel, somewhat fattened at the level of apex of scutellum and cuneal fracture distinct. GENITALIA (Figs. 2 A −C, 4D): Endosoma: C −shaped; apex broad and complex with numerous spinules, outer margin of apical process with a tooth like spine, a curved finger-like process facing towards the apex; and secondary gonopore placed subapically between apical and sub-apical processes (Figs. 2 A, 4D). Left paramere: Body short, anterior process slender and elongated, posterior thumb like process short and elongated (Fig. 2 B). Phallotheca: Broad, tapered at sub-apical region with blunt apex (Fig. 2 C).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for the type locality, Inje; an adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Korea (South*).</p>
            <p>Measurements. (♂) (n=1). Body length 4.08; length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 3.14, width of head across eyes 0.79; width of vertex 0.37, lengths of antennal segments 0.22, 1.14, 0.72, 0.35; mesal length of pronotum 0.59; basal width of pronotum 1.19; maximum width across hemelytron 1.53; and lengths of metafemora, tibiae and tarsus 1.24, 2.04, 0.45.</p>
            <p>Specimen examined. Holotype. ♂, South Korea, Gangwon-do, Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, Yongdae-ri, Mt. Maebong, Yongdae Natural Recreation Center, on light trap, 19.vi.2013, R.K. Duwal (SNU).</p>
            <p>Remarks. This species is placed in the subgenus Calopsallus, based upon the overall appearance of its endosoma being similar to those of congeners, i.e. broad, complex apex bearing dense spinulus structures.</p>
            <p> The new species,  Psallus injensis can be easily separated from other members by pattern of spots on metafemora. Male genital structure, endosoma is very similar to  P. roseoguttatus but could be differentiated due to dentate spine of endosoma on outer lateral margin of apical process and upturned curved subapical process (Fig. 2 A). </p>
            <p>As a single male specimen was collected at a light trap, biology or host association is unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA072A59A86FD43CD4DF3A332AA8FD73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Duwal, Ram Keshari;Lee, Seunghwan	Duwal, Ram Keshari, Lee, Seunghwan (2015): Additional descriptions of the plant bug genus Psallus from the Korean Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 3926 (4): 585-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.4.8
EA072A59A869D43FD4DF38362F0DF9C5.text	EA072A59A869D43FD4DF38362F0DF9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psallus (Halopsallus) taehwana Duwal	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psallus (Halopsallus) taehwana Duwal sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures: 1D −E, 3A −D, 4A, 5A</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the dull brownish or blackish body, distinct pale posterior margin at the base of vertex, fuscous antennal segment I with pale apex, black or brown hemelytron with castaneous black or red exocorium and cuneus, and fuscous metafemora with black spots arranged in two rows towards the base, and pale tibiae with large dark brown or brown spots at bases of black spines (Fig. 1 D −E), J-shaped endosoma with distinctly different apical process (Fig. 3 A).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Body small and oval. COLORATION (Fig. 1 D −E): Head black except for posterior margin of vertex pale; antennal segment I dark brown or greyish with pale extreme apex, segment II and III entirely pale yellow and segment IV slightly darker; labium brown with darker apex. Pronotum black except for dark brown or blackish brown meso-scutum and scutellum. Hemelytron dark brown or entirely black with lateral margin of exocorium red and cuneus castaneous black (in dark brown or blackish specimens) or brown tinged with red (in brown specimens), with pale base and apex, membrane greyish brown with pale and brown pattern at base and pale spot near apex of cuneus. Venter, blackish brown or black, ostiolar peritreme anteriorly greyish and posteriorly pale. All legs darker, coxae dark brown or black with pale extreme apices; metafemora blackish brown or brown with black irregular spots sub-apically arranged in two rows towards base; tibiae pale (sometimes tinged with red in brown specimens) with large dark brown or brown spots at base of black spines; tarsus pale with dark apex. Abdomen dark brown or blackish in color. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Head, pronotum, meso-scutum and scutellum dull (or shagreened), with uniformly distributed pale simple reclining setae and moderately flattened sericeous appressed setae; hemelytron comparatively polished with uniformly distributed black semi-erect setae, reclining pale setae and appressed sericeous setae. STRUCTURE: Head width across eyes sub-equal to mesal length of pronotum, length of antennal segment II equal to combined length of segments III and IV and/or half the length of metatibiae; antennal segment II thick relative to other segments; interocular space wide; labium reaching apex of metacoxae. Thorax trapezoid, with distinctly curved postero-lateral margin and sinuate posterior margin. Abdomen small and triangular. GENITALIA (Figs. 3 A −D, 4A): Endosoma: J −shaped, with broad apex furnished with several short or long lateral processes, and a bunch of spinules at base of apical process; and secondary gonopore nearly mesal in position (Figs. 3 A, 4A). Left paramere: Body short, anterior process slender and elongated, and posterior process short and blunt (Fig. 3 D). Right paramere: Simple leaf like with sub-apical short apical protuberance (Fig. 3 B). Phallotheca: Narrow apex with hook like sub-apical process (Fig. 3 C).</p>
            <p>Female. Similar to color and texture as males, only having slightly larger body width. GENITALIA (Fig. 5 A): Sclerotized rings oval, anteriorly tapering to form a pointed structure, and posteriorly broad and rounded.</p>
            <p>MEASUREMENTS. (♂/♀) (n=5/5). Body length3.22−3.51/ 3.46−3.68; length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 2.67−2.83/ 2.61−2.79, width of head across eyes 0.79−0.85/ 0.77−0.86; width of vertex 0.40−0.45/ 0.40−0.42, lengths of antennal segments 0.21−027, 1.00−1.07, 0.52−0.59, 0.31−0.39/ 0.20−0.27, 0.86−0.98, 0.51−0.63, 0.32−0.36; mesal length of pronotum 0.75−0.84/ 0.74−0.87; basal width of pronotum 1.37−1.52/ 1.41−1.51; maximum width across hemelytron 1.77−1.82/ 1.75−1.86; and lengths of metafemora, tibiae and tarsus 1.34−1.43, 1.97−2.09, 0.52−0.55/ 1.33−1.144, 1.90−2.02, 0.49−0.57.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for the type locality, Mt. Taehwa where specimen of this species were first detected during survey; an adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Korea (South*).</p>
            <p> Specimen examined. Holotype. ♂, South Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Gwanju-si, Docheok-myeon, Sanglim-ri, Mt. Taehwa, Seoul National University Experimental Forest, on light trap, 15-17.vi.2013, R.K. Duwal (SNU). Paratypes: South Korea: 1♂, 2♀, same data as for holotype; 6♂, 6♀, Gyeonggi-do, Namyangju-si, Hwado-eup, Mt. Cheonma, on  Morus sp. (  Moraceae ), 9.v.2014, R.K. Duwal (SNU). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is placed in the subgenus  Hylopsallus , based upon the overall appearance of its endosoma being similar to those of congener’s, i.e. having short and stout lateral processes and spinulus on membrane either at base or middle of the apical process. </p>
            <p> The new species is morphologically close to  Psallus tonnaichanus in color and vestiture but can be easily separated from  P. tonnaichanus by the largely fuscous antennal segment II, absence of tuft of stiff setae on either side of genital segment and different structures of apical processes of endosoma (Fig. 3 A). </p>
            <p> Although the holotype of  Psallus taehwana was collected on light trap, several paratypes were observed on  Morus sp. (  Moraceae ) which is confirmed as host plant for this species as several nymphs and teneral specimens aggregated on it. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA072A59A869D43FD4DF38362F0DF9C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Duwal, Ram Keshari;Lee, Seunghwan	Duwal, Ram Keshari, Lee, Seunghwan (2015): Additional descriptions of the plant bug genus Psallus from the Korean Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 3926 (4): 585-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.4.8
EA072A59A86AD431D4DF3DE72FA9FEDB.text	EA072A59A86AD431D4DF3DE72FA9FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psallus (Phylidea) yongdaeri Duwal	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psallus (Phylidea) yongdaeri Duwal sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures: 1F −G, 2D −G, 4B, 5B</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the small and ovoid body, black or blackish brown dorsum, often dull with greyish posterior margin of vertex and brownish margin of exo- and endocorium, pale (or yellowish pale brown) antennae with fuscous ring at the base of segment I, fuscous or black metafemora without spots, pale pro- and meso-tibiae with large castaneous spots on basal half region and meta-tibiae with brown spots at bases of black spines (Fig. 1 F −G), C-shaped endosoma with distinctly featured apical process (Fig. 2 D).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Body small and oval. COLORATION (Fig. 1 F −G): Head black except for greyish posterior margin of vertex; antennal segments pale with extreme base of segment I dark and furnished with a pair of brown spine like setae, and segment IV slightly darker; labium brown with darker base. Pronotum, meso-scutum and scutellum black except for brown lateral and posterior corners of the meso-scutum and the scutellum; hemelytron blackish brown on large posterior region (on dark brown specimen) or margin of endo- and exocorium dark brown (in black specimens), membrane dark grey. Venter black or dark brown, ostiolar peritreme black. Coxae and trochanters black; pro- and mesofemora darker with pale apices; metafemora black (in black specimens) or dark brown (in dark brown specimens) and without darker spots; tibiae pale, basal half of pro-and meso-tibiae with large castaneous spots at bases of black spines and entire metatibiae with large brown spots at bases of black spines. Abdomen black or dark brown in color. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Head, pronotum, meso-scutum and scutellum dull (or shagreened) with uniformly distributed pale simple reclining setae and moderately flattened sericeous appressed setae; hemelytron somewhat polished, with uniformly distributed black semi-erect setae and sericeous appressed setae. STRUCTURE: Head width across eyes sub-equal to mesal length of pronotum, vertex width sub-equal to length of tarsus; antennal segment II comparatively short and thick; interocular space wide; labium reaching apex of metacoxae. Thorax slightly convex, with semi-circular postero-lateral margin. GENITALIA (Figs. 2 D −G, 4B): Endosoma: C −shaped with several short or long lateral processes, membranous structure at base of apical processes furnished with spinules; and secondary gonopore subapical in position (Figs. 2 D, 4B). Left paramere: Body short, anterior process slender and elongated, and posterior process short and blunt (Fig. 2 E). Right paramere: Simple leaf-like apically tapering with short outgrowth (Fig. 2 F). Phallotheca: Narrow, with hooked sub-apical process (Fig. 2 G).</p>
            <p>Female. Similar to color and texture as males, only having slightly larger body width. GENITALIA (Fig. 5 B): Sclerotized rings somewhat broad, anteriorly oval and posteriorly un-curved or flatten margin.</p>
            <p>Measurements. (♂/♀) (n=5/4). Body length 2.98−3.20/ 3.06−3.23; length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 2.31−2.40/ 2.31−2.46, width of head across eyes 0.72−0.77/ 0.74−0.79; width of vertex 0.37−0.43/ 0.37−0.40, lengths of antennal segments 0.21−0.23, 0.83−0.90, 0.50−0.54, 0.32−0.38/ 0.20−0.23, 0.82−0.91, 0.46−0.54, 0.31−0.35; mesal length of pronotum 0.64−0.73/ 0.63−0.71; basal width of pronotum 1.24−1.34/ 1.30−1.33; maximum width across hemelytron 1.53−1.66/ 1.58−1.68; and lengths of metafemora, tibiae and tarsus 1.05−1.19, 1.71−1.80, 0.41−0.51/ 1.12−1.18, 1.65−1.74, 0.42−0.46.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for the type locality, Yongdae-ri; a noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Korea (South*).</p>
            <p> Specimen examined. Holotype. ♂, South Korea, Gangwon-do, Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, Yongdae-ri, Mt. Maebong, Yongdae Natural Recreation Center, on  Ulmaceae , 20.vi.2013, R.K. Duwal (SNU). Paratypes. South Korea: 5♂, 2♀, same data as for holotype; 1♀, same data as for holotype except collected on  Artemisia sp. (  Asteraceae ); 1♂, 1♀, same collection site as for holotype, on light trap, 19.vi.2013. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species is placed in the subgenus  Phylidea , based upon the overall appearance of its endosoma being similar to those of congeners, i.e. unique serrated spinules on the lateral margin of the apical region. </p>
            <p> Psallus yongdaeri is morphologically close to  Psallus castaneae in color and vestiture but can be easily separated by the distinct basal ring on antennal segment I, longer apical process of endosoma, and arrangements of lateral processes (Fig. 2 D). </p>
            <p> A few specimens of  Psallus yongdaeri were collected on unidentified  Ulmaceae tree during spring flowering season in South Korea. In addition, some specimens were collected in light trap and also on  Artemisia sp. under the tree where siblings were collected. However, we are not sure of host plant, as we were unable to observe any nymphs during collection time. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA072A59A86AD431D4DF3DE72FA9FEDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Duwal, Ram Keshari;Lee, Seunghwan	Duwal, Ram Keshari, Lee, Seunghwan (2015): Additional descriptions of the plant bug genus Psallus from the Korean Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 3926 (4): 585-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.4.8
EA072A59A864D431D4DF3F232D03F8F0.text	EA072A59A864D431D4DF3F232D03F8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psallus (Psallus) sanguinarius Kerzhner and Josifov 1999	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psallus (Psallus) sanguinarius Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999</p>
            <p>Figures: 1A −B, 4C</p>
            <p> Psallus (Psallus) sanguinolentus Josifov, 1983: 209 (junior primary homonym of  Psallus graminicola f. sanguinolenta Stichel, 1956); Schuh, 1995: 415 (cat.) </p>
            <p> Psallus sanguinarius Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 417 (cat.); Duwal et al., 2012: 631 (diag.) </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Recognized by small oval body, chestnut red (male) or reddish (female) dorsum, ocher (female) or dark head with pale margin on vertex (male) with entirely black tylus, and uniformly red cuneus, brownish (male) or reddish brown (female) metafemora with two rows of black spots. For a detail description see, Josifov, 1983 (where it is described as  sanguinolentus ). </p>
            <p>Measurements. (♂/♀) (n=1/2). Body length 3.62/ 3.66−3.71; length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 2.49/ 2.55−2.67, width of head across eyes 0.77/ 0.76−0.77; width of vertex 0.41/ 0.41−0.46, lengths of antennal segments 0.23, 0.93, 0.66, 0.40/ 0.21−0.23, 1.03−1.05, 0.65−0.68, 0.38−0.41; mesal length of pronotum 0.65/ 0.61−0.66; basal width of pronotum 1.25/ 1.29−1.31; maximum width across hemelytron 1.62/ 1.67−1.68; and lengths of metafemora, tibiae and tarsus 1.14, 1.92, 0.55/ 1.30−1.32, 1.84−1.93, 0.53−0.54.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Korea (North, South*).</p>
            <p> Specimen examined. South Korea: 1♂, 2♀, Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Samhoeri, Mt. Hwaya, 29.v.2014, on  Prunus sp. (  Rosaceae ), R.K. Duwal (SNU). </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Psallus sanguinarius was previously reported in North Korea from  Sorbus amurensis (Rosaceae) and  Picea (Pinaceae) (Josifov, 1983). We were unable to observe any specimens during our previous study (Duwal et al. 2012). Fortunately, we could add few recently collected specimens of this species on  Prunus (Rosaceae) from northern part of South Korea. The images of dorsal habitus, and male genitalia are given in figure plates, 1A-B and 4C respectively. (For details see, Josifov, 1983: 206, 209−210). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA072A59A864D431D4DF3F232D03F8F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Duwal, Ram Keshari;Lee, Seunghwan	Duwal, Ram Keshari, Lee, Seunghwan (2015): Additional descriptions of the plant bug genus Psallus from the Korean Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 3926 (4): 585-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.4.8
