identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E43FE810FFDEFF9146E7FB95E81E3F55.text	E43FE810FFDEFF9146E7FB95E81E3F55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vestalaria venusta Hamalainen 2004	<div><p>Vestalaria venusta Hämäläinen, 2004</p><p>Material studied. Adult 1 ♂ (SCYA08) and larvae 1 ♂ (SCYA05), 1 ♀ (SCYA06): China, Sichuan, Yaan, Bifengxia Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1019" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0472/lat 30.1019)">Houyan Village</a> (103.0472° E, 30.1019° N), 25-vii-2011, Xin Yu leg.</p><p>Description of larva.</p><p>Diagnosis. A slender zygopteran with a relatively small head, long legs with distinct bands, and long abdomen with long sword-like gills. Ground colour of body pale brown (Fig. 2 a).</p><p>Head. Relatively small; in dorsal view general shape a compressed pentagon. Postocular lobes somewhat swollen, terminating in a pair of small dorsal upward-directed protuberances. Antennae 7-segmented, long and robust, especially segment 1 which is very strong and almost twice as long as all other segments together. Segment 2–7 gradually short and tapered from base to apex (Figs. 3 a, c). Prementum elongate, strongly expanded distally, about 1.5 times as long as broad, anterior margin deeply cleft with a pair of knife-like projections obliquely truncated apically, each bearing three pairs of setae, the most basal pair only one third as long as the middle pair which is not obvious (Figs. 4 a–b). Labial palp robust with three strong, long and incurved distal teeth, of which the middle one is the longest; inner margin of the palp slightly produced, bearing two pairs of setae; movable hook very long and robust (Figs. 4 a–b). Maxilla 1.5 times as long as broad; galea and lacinia partly fused; lacinia terminating in four long sharp spines, forming a curved, inward-directed, pitchfork-like structure; galea with three shorter spines directed upward. Palp with short basal segment and a single long banana-shaped terminal segment, reaching to half of most distal spines on galeo-lacinia, covered in dense long hairs (Figs. 5 a–d). Right mandible (Figs. 6 a–b) with four long and well developed incisors and a fifth innermost tooth; third incisor is the longest; molar crest produced to form two well-defined curved bifid spine (R 1’1234 y ab, 1’ &lt;1 &lt;2 &lt;4 &lt;3, a &lt;b). Left mandible (Figs. 6 c–d) with four shorter incisors; molar crest produced straight, distal edge serrated with even dense tiny teeth between a and b (L 1’1234 0 a (m 1-11) b, 1’ &lt;1 &lt;2 &lt;4 &lt;3, a &lt;b) of which it was difficult to determine the exact number.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax not strong, narrower than both head and meso- and metathorax; meso- and metathorax almost rectangular in shape. Legs long and progressively slightly longer from pro- to metathorax. Femur slightly longer than tibia, each with two well defined dark bands. Wing pads narrow and not divergent, moderate long, just exceeding proximal edge of S4 (Fig. 2 a).</p><p>Abdomen. Slender, elongate. Gonapophyses small in male, projecting from middle of S9 to the two-thirds of this segment (Fig. 7 a). In female outer gonapophyses projecting from middle of S9 to end of S10; inner gonapophyses reaching still a little further (Fig.7 b). Cerci wholly concealed by caudal gills in ventral view (Figs. 7 a–b). Paired, long triquetral lateral gills and single lamellate middle gill both bearing tiny setae-like spines along margins (Figs. 8 a–b). Lateral gills with sharp apex always longer than the middle which has a nearly rounded apex, and both marked with dark spots (Figs. 9 a–b).</p><p>Microhabitat and behaviour. Larvae were found in a small montane stream with shallow water and stony substrates (Fig. 10). Meanwhile, adults of M. oreades, Anisopleura qingyuanensis Zhou, 1982, Archineura incarnata and Sympetrum eroticum (Selys, 1883) were present around the site in moderate numbers. The larvae were usually found concealed under stones or gravel in the day time and active at night.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E43FE810FFDEFF9146E7FB95E81E3F55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Runxi;Yu, Xin;Xue, Junli;Ning, Xin	Wang, Runxi, Yu, Xin, Xue, Junli, Ning, Xin (2017): Descriptions of larvae of Vestalaria venusta (Hämäläinen, 2004) and Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853 (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Zootaxa 4306 (4): 580-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.4.8
E43FE810FFD9FF9F46E7F942EE113D90.text	E43FE810FFD9FF9F46E7F942EE113D90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Matrona basilaris Selys 1853	<div><p>Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853</p><p>Specimens studied. Larvae: 1 ♂ (AHLA05), 1 ♀ (AHLA14), China, Anhui, Liuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.9585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.5519" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.9585/lat 31.5519)">Jinzhai</a> (115.9585° E, 31.5519° N), 1-v-2015, Hongqu Tang leg. ; 2 ♀ # (AHLA09, AHLA13), China, Anhui, Liuan, Jinzhai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.7875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.1362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.7875/lat 31.1362)">Tiantangzhai</a> (115.7875° E, 31.1362° N), 2-v-2015, Xin Yu leg.</p><p>Description. Diagnosis. A slender zygopteran with a depressed and small head, long legs with distinct bands, long abdomen with long sword-like gills. Ground colour of body dark brown (Fig. 2 b) but much varied between individuals.</p><p>Head. Flattened above, widest across the eyes; in dorsal view general shape a compressed pentagon. Postocular lobes little developed so hind margin of head very narrow at base; indistinct (in dorsal view) prouberances about halfway between eye and posterior angle. Antennae 7-segmented, long and robust, with strong and long segment 1 which is almost as twice as remaining segments combined, and short segment 2–7 tapering from proximal to distal (Figs. 3 b, d). Prementum elongate, strongly dilated distally, about 2 times as long as broad; anterior margin strongly cleft and forming a pair of knife-like prominences, each prominence bearing three pairs of setae, the most basal pair as long as the middle pair (Fig. 4 c). Labial palp robust with three strong, long, and incurved distal teeth, of which the middle one is the longest; movable hook very long and robust with two setae on its base (Fig. 4 c). Maxilla 1.5 times as long as broad; galea and lacinia partly fused; lacinia terminating in four long sharp spines, forming a curved, inward-directed, pitchfork-like structure; galea with three shorter spines directed upward. Palp with short basal segment and a single long banana-shaped terminal segment, almost reaching to the end of the most distal spines on galeo-lacinia, covered in dense long hairs (Figs. 5 e–h). Right mandible (Figs. 6 e–f) with four rather long and well developed incisors and a fifth innermost tooth; molar crest is greatly reduced (R 1’1234 y ab, 1’ &lt;1 &lt;2 &lt;4 &lt;3, a &lt;b). Left mandible (Figs. 6 g–h) with four shorter incisors; molar crest produced straight, distal edge serrated with 11 fine cusps (L 1’1234 0 a (m1-9) b, 1’ &lt;1 &lt;2 &lt;4 &lt;3, a &lt;b).</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax weak, narrow than both meso- and metathorax; meso- and metathorax almost rectangular in shape. Legs long and progressively slightly longer from pro- to metathorax. Femur slightly longer than tibia, each with two distinct dark bands. Wing pads not divergent, narrow, moderate long, just exceed middle of S3 (Fig. 2 b).</p><p>Abdomen. Slender, elongate. Gonapophyses very small in male, projecting from middle of S9 to the two-thirds of this segment (Fig. 7 c). In female outer gonapophyses projecting from anterior margin of S9 almost to the end of S10; inner gonapophyses as long as the outer (Fig. 7 d). Cerci wholly concealed by caudal gill in ventral view (Figs. 7 c–d). Paired, long triquetral lateral gills and single lamellate median gill both bearing with setae-like spines along margins and blunt apexes (Figs. 8 c–d). Lateral gills longer than the middle and both marked with dark spots (Figs. 9 c–d).</p><p>Microhabitat and behaviour. Larvae were found both in small montane streams with sandy substrates and open rivers with stony substrates (Figs. 11–12). Some even occurred in very small puddles covered with dense vegetation formed by discontinuous streams. They were usually concealed among stones and gravel, or in water plants, depending on their body colour. The habitat usually had many adults of Mnais tenuis Oguma, 1913 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Generally, the larvae of Vestalaria and Matrona have similar appearance, such as a slender body, small head, long and banded legs, and elongate sword-like caudal gills. However, they can be separated easily by several characters listed below (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E43FE810FFD9FF9F46E7F942EE113D90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Runxi;Yu, Xin;Xue, Junli;Ning, Xin	Wang, Runxi, Yu, Xin, Xue, Junli, Ning, Xin (2017): Descriptions of larvae of Vestalaria venusta (Hämäläinen, 2004) and Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853 (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Zootaxa 4306 (4): 580-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.4.8
