taxonID	type	description	language	source
E64C87CC7F344F010401FB0300C018F0.taxon	description	(Figures 3, 4, Table 1) Type material: Holotype: 49.3 mm SL. India, Eastern Ghat, Telangana State, Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Stream near Vatavarlapally 16.2513 N; 78.7613 E, 799 m asl, 01. x. 2020, coll. Shrikant Jadhav and M. Karuthapandi (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4036). Paratypes: 9 exs, 32.0 – 38.4 mm SL; same locality and label data as holotype (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4037); 6 ex, 27.9 – 50.4 mm SL. India, Eastern Ghats, Telangana State, Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Mallelateertham waterfall, 16.2672 N; 78.8558 E, 646 m asl, 16. xii. 2019, coll. Shrikant Jadhav and M. Karuthapandi (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4038); 3 ex, 47.0 – 56.3 mm SL. India, Eastern Ghats, Telangana State, Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Mallelateertham waterfall, 16.2672 N; 78.8558 E, 646 m asl, 19. iii. 2019, coll. Shrikant Jadhav and M. Karuthapandi (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4083); all other details same as paratypes ZSI / FBRC / F / 4038. Type depository: The type specimens are deposited in the museum collections of the Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Hyderabad, India (ZSI / FBRC). Diagnosis: Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from all congeners by having irregular brown to black blotches or patches (vs. bars narrower than inter-bar spaces in I. evezardi, I. keralensis, I. telanganaensis, I. rajeevi, I. kalsubai; lateral bars wider than inter-bar spaces in I. neeleshi, and lateral and inter-bar spaces equal in I. radhanagari) on the lateral surface of the body; five to six rows of dark-brown spots (vs. three to four rows of dark-brown spots in I. evezardi, I. keralensis, I. telanganaensis, I. rajeevi, I. kalsubai, I. neeleshi, and I. radhanagari) on the caudal-fin rays. Further, Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. keralensis by having nasal barbel reaching the middle of the eye (vs. reaching the anterior margin of the eye); inner rostral barbel reaching up to nostril (vs. reaching posteriorly to anterior margin of the eye); presence (vs. absence) of dorsal hump behind nape; presence (vs. absence) of a dark brown to black spot on base of first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head; and caudal peduncle deeper than long (vs. longer than deep). Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. evezardi by the presence (vs. absence) of spots on the cheek below the eye; and caudal peduncle bar not divided into two spots (vs. divided into two spots). Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. telanganaensis by having a caudal peduncle deeper than long (vs. as long as deep); and blotches on the body (vs. lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces). Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. rajeevi by having the absence (vs. presence) of a conspicuous black marking on the lower lip; presence (vs. absence) of dorsal hump behind the nape; caudal peduncle deeper than long (vs. slightly longer than deep); inner rostral barbel reaching the posterior border of the nostril (vs. reaching posteriorly to anterior margin of the eye); maxillary barbel not reaching the posterior border of operculum (vs. reaching to the posterior border of operculum); presence (vs. absence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head. Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. neeleshi by having blotches (vs. lateral and inter-bars) on the lateral body; caudal peduncle deeper than long (vs. as long as deep); Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. kalsubai by having blotches (vs. lateral and inter-bars) on the lateral body; caudal peduncle deeper than long (vs. as long as deep); presence (vs. absence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of head; presence (vs. absence) of spots on the cheek below the eye. Indoreonectes amrabad can be distinguished from I. radhanagari by having blotches (vs. lateral and inter-bars); caudal peduncle deeper than long (vs. as long as deep); presence (vs. absence) of spots on the cheek below the eye. Description: Morphometric data of the holotype and eighteen paratypes are provided in Table 1. Body elongate, slender, anteriorly cylindrical, posteriorly depressed, its length 6.3 – 8.4 times depth; greatest depth between pectoral-fin base and dorsal-fin. Predorsal outline convex, gradually rising to dorsal-fin origin, post dorsal outline straight up to the base of the caudal fin, a distinct hump behind nape; Ventral profile almost straight. Head depressed, snout prominent, moderately rounded in ventral view; eyes large, dorso-laterally placed, not visible from ventral view. Mouth semicircular in ventral aspect, with thick fleshy lips, lower lip with a slight median interruption. Barbels well developed, four pairs; two rostral barbels almost equally long, inner one extending up to the posterior border of the nostril, outer reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of eye; maxillary barbel longest, extending beyond perpendicular from the posterior border of the eye; nasal barbel reaching the middle of the eye. Lips and barbels covered with unculi. The dorsal fin origin is situated slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin insertion, closer to the base of the caudal fin than the snout tip, its posterior margin rounded, with 3 (19) simple and 7 (19) branched rays. The pectoral fin is rounded, horizontally placed, and smaller than the head, with 1 (19) simple and 9 (19) branched rays. Ventral fin origin is slightly in advance of dorsal-fin origin, with 1 (19) simple and 7 (19) branched rays, not reaching the anus when depressed. Anal fin with 3 (19) simple and 5 (19) branched rays, not reaching caudal-fin base when depressed. Caudal fin rounded, with 18 (6) or 19 * (13) principal rays (with 4 – 5 * unbranched and Three new species of hill stream loach genus Indoreonectes (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from peninsular India fin interradial membrane hyaline with three rows of black spots on rays; rays of pectoral fin with some black pigmentation, especially at point of first branching, forming an indistinct row of dots in these fins; ventral and anal fin hyaline, lacking spots; caudal-fin interradial membrane hyaline, with five to six rows of dark-brown spots on rays; distinct dark-brown vertical bar on caudal-fin base. Ventral surface without any markings. In preservatives (Figure 4), general colouration is faded. 14 * – 15 branched rays); dorsal and ventral procurrent rays subdermal. Caudal peduncle equal to or deeper than long, with length-to-depth ratio 1.0 – 1.2. The lateral line is incomplete with 9 * – 10 pores, short, ending above the middle of the pectoral fin. Scales minute. Cephalic lateral-line system with 4 * (7), 5 (10), 6 (2) supraorbital, 3 (4), 4 * (15) + 7 (3), 8 * (6), 9 (8), 10 (2) infraorbital, 3 (8), 4 * (11) supratemporal pores, and 8 (10), 9 (7), 12 * (2) preoperculomandibular canal pores. Colouration: In life (Figure 3). Body colour golden yellowish-white to grey with brownish-black blotches or patches on the lateral body. Head studded with densely scattered small dark-brown spots; cheek spots below eye present. The dorsal fin anterior spot is black. Dorsal Habitat: At the time of collection, the type locality was a stream up to 2 m wide, flooding during the monsoon, overflowing through the Vatavarlapally pond, and ultimately reaching Mallelateertham waters, within Amrabad Tiger Reserve. The substrate was comprised of sand with mud, and the maximum water depth was 15 cm. At the second location, Mallelateertham, the stream was observed to flood during the monsoon season, reducing flow during late summer; substrate at this location comprises large stones, gravels, boulders and sand. Co-occurring species in both locations are Rasbora daniconius, and Devario aequipinnatus. Schistura denisoni, Paracanthocobitis sp., and Garra mullya occur in Mallelateertham only. Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the name of the type locality, ‘ Amrabad Tiger Reserve’, a protected area in the state of Telangana. The species epithet is a noun in apposition to the generic name. Distribution: Indoreonectes amrabad is currently known from Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Telangana (Figure 1). Common name: Amrabad loach	en	Jadhav, Shrikant, Karuthapandi, M., Jaiswal, Deepa, Shankar, C. Shiva, Dinesh, K. P., Raghunathan, C., Banerjee, Dhriti (2024): Three new species of hill stream loach genus Indoreonectes (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from peninsular India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 124 (1): 11-24, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1/2024/172675
E64C87CC7F334F0D041FF94805F91F22.taxon	description	(Figures 5, 6, Table 1) Type material: Holotype: 44.3 mm SL. India, Western Ghats, Maharashtra State, Ahmadnagar District, Kalsubai hills, Stream near Baari Village, 19.6090 N; 73.7307 E, 822 m asl, 16. i. 2021, coll. Shrikant Jadhav and M. Karuthapandi (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4039). Paratypes: 9 exs., 33.7 – 43.2 mm SL; same locality and label data as holotype (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4040). Type depository: The type specimens are deposited in the museum collections of the Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Hyderabad, India (ZSI / FBRC). Diagnosis: Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from all congeners by the absence (vs. presence) of distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head. Further, Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from I. rajeevi by the absence (vs. presence) of conspicuous black marking on the lower lip; presence (vs. absence) of dorsal hump behind the nape; caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. slightly longer than deep); inner rostral barbel reaching upto nostril (vs. reaching further posteriorly to anterior margin of the eye); and maxillary barbel not reaching the posterior border of operculum (vs. reaching to the posterior border of operculum). Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from I. neeleshi by having the lateral bars narrower (vs. wider) than inter-bar spaces; absence (vs. presence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of the first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head. Indoreonectes kalsubai is distinguished from I. telanganaensis by having the absence (vs. presence) of spots on the cheek below the eye; and the absence (vs. presence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of the first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on dorsal side of head. Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from I. evezardi by having a caudal peduncle bar not divided into two spots (vs. divided into two spots); caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. deeper than long); absence (vs. presence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of first dorsal-fin ray; absence (vs. presence) of distinct spots on the dorsal side of head; and dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical at pelvic-fin base). Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from I. radhanagari by the absence (vs. presence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of the first dorsal-fin ray; absence (vs. presence) of distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head; lateral bars narrower than (vs. equal to) inter-bar spaces; and inner rostral barbel reaching upto nostril (vs. reaching further posterior margin of the eye). Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from I. amrabad by having lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces (vs. blotches on body); caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. deeper than long); three to four rows of dark-brown spots on caudal-fin rays (vs. five to six rows of dark-brown spots); absence (vs. presence) of distinct spots on the dorsal side of head; and absence (vs. presence) of spots on the cheek below the eye. Indoreonectes kalsubai can be distinguished from I. keralensis by having long nasal barbel reaching the middle of the eye (vs. short nasal barbel barely reaching anterior margin of the eye); inner rostral barbel reaching upto nostril (vs. reaching further posteriorly to anterior margin of the eye); presence (vs. absence) of dorsal hump behind nape; caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. longer than deep); spots on the cheek below eye absent (vs. present); and dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical at pelvic-fin base). Description: Morphometric data of the holotype and nine paratypes are provided in Table 1. Body moderately elongate, sub-cylindrical, its length 6.7 - 7.3 times depth; maximum body depth between pectoral-fin base and dorsal-fin origin. Body anteriorly slightly compressed; predorsal outline convex, caudal peduncle compressed. The dorsal profile rises evenly from the tip of the snout to the head, gradually rising to dorsal-fin origin, a distinct hump behind the nape, sloping gently to the origin of the adipose crest on the caudal peduncle. The ventral profile is almost straight. Head small, depressed. Snout rounded, eye large dorsolaterally placed, not visible from ventral view. Mouth semicircular in ventral aspect, with thick fleshy lips, lower lip interrupted medially by a deep groove; processus dentiformes well developed. Barbels well developed, four pairs; two rostral barbels almost equally long, inner one extending up to nostril, outer reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of eye; maxillary barbel longest, extending beyond perpendicular from the posterior border of the eye; nasal barbel reaching middle of the eye. Dorsal fin origin opposite to vertical through pelvic-fin insertion, closer to the base of the caudal fin than the snout tip, its posterior margin rounded, with 3 (10) simple and 7 (10) branched rays. The pectoral fin is rounded, horizontally placed, and smaller than the head, with 1 (10) simple and 9 (10) branched rays. Ventral fin origin opposite to dorsal-fin origin, with 1 (10) simple and 7 (10) branched rays, not reaching the anus when depressed. Anal fin with 3 (10) simple and 5 (10) branched rays, not reaching caudal-fin base when depressed. Caudal fin rounded, with 18 (4) or 19 * (6) principal rays (with 3 - 5 * unbranched and 14 * - 15 branched rays); dorsal and ventral procurrent rays subdermal. The caudal peduncle is as long as deep, its length 1.0 times its depth. The lateral line is incomplete with 11 * - 15 pores, short, ending above the middle of the pectoral fin. Scales minute. Cephalic lateral-line system with 5 * (6), 6 (3), 7 (1) supraorbital, 4 * (7), 5 (3) + 8 (2), 9 * (6), 10 (2) infraorbital, 3 (2), 4 * (4), 5 (3), 6 (1) supratemporal pores, 8 (2), 9 (7), 10 * (1) preoperculomandibular canal pores. Coloration: In life (Figure 5). Body yellowish-white to grey with brownish-black irregular vertical bars laterally, narrower than inter-bar spaces; bars overlaid with melanophores. Dorsal surface of the head dark grey or mottled; lips, rostral barbels and ventral surface with scattered black pigment cells. Dark brown or black spot on base of first dorsal-fin ray absent; dorsal fin interradial membrane hyaline with two rows of black spots on rays; rays of pectoral-fin with some black pigmentation, especially at point of first branching, forming an indistinct row of dots in these fins; ventral and anal fin hyaline, lacking spots; caudal fin interradial membrane hyaline, with three to four rows of dark-brown spots on rays; dark-brown vertical bar on caudal-fin base. Ventral surface without any markings. In preservatives (Figure 6), colouration is similar to that in life but faded. Habitat: At the time of collection, the type locality of Indoreonectes kalsubai was a stream up to 5 m wide, comprising both calm stretches as well as riffles. Water had a maximum depth of 20 cm and the substrate consisted of gravel with few smaller stones. The stream was observed to flood during monsoon, thereafter reducing inflow during summer. Co-occurring species include Rasbora daniconius, Schistura denisoni, Parapsilorhynchus sp., Devario aequipinnatus and Garra mullya. Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the name ‘ Kalsubai’, one of the highest mountain peaks in the northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, which also comprises the type locality. The species epithet is a noun in apposition to the generic name. Distribution: Indoreonectes kalsubai is currently known only from the Kalsubai hills, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra (Figure 1). Common name: Kalsubai loach	en	Jadhav, Shrikant, Karuthapandi, M., Jaiswal, Deepa, Shankar, C. Shiva, Dinesh, K. P., Raghunathan, C., Banerjee, Dhriti (2024): Three new species of hill stream loach genus Indoreonectes (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from peninsular India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 124 (1): 11-24, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1/2024/172675
E64C87CC7F3F4F0E07E2FE1A00C91DC2.taxon	description	(Figures 7, 8, Table 1) Type material: Holotype: 32.1 mm SL. India, Western Ghat, Maharashtra State, Kolhapur District, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Rautwadi waterfall, 16.4319 N; 73.9550 E, 626 m asl, 23. xi. 2020, coll. Shrikant Jadhav and M. Karuthapandi (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4041). Paratypes: 6 exs, 25.3 – 29.3 mm SL; same locality and label data as holotype (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4042); 3 exs., 26.2 - 31.1 mm SL. India, Western Ghat, Maharashtra State, Kolhapur District, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, a stream near Kariwade village, 16.4187 N; 73.9198 E, 608 m asl, 23. xi. 2020, coll. Shrikant Jadhav and M. Karuthapandi (ZSI / FBRC / F / 4043). Type depository: The type specimens are deposited in the museum collections of the Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Hyderabad, India (ZSI / FBRC). Diagnosis: Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from all other congeners by having the lateral and inter-bar spaces equal (vs. lateral bars wider than inter-bar spaces in I. neeleshi, lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces in I. keralensis, I. telanganaensis, I. evezardi, I. kalsubai, and I. rajeevi, and black blotches in I. amrabad). Further, Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. rajeevi by the absence (vs. presence) of a conspicuous black marking on the lower lip; presence (vs. absence) of dorsal hump behind nape; caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. slightly longer than deep); maxillary barbel not reaching the posterior border of operculum (vs. reaching to the posterior border of operculum); presence (vs. absence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head. Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. neeleshi by having the lateral and inter-bar spaces equal (vs. lateral bars wider than inter-bar spaces), and inner rostral barbel reaching the middle of the eye (vs. reaching the middle of the nostril). Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. telanganaensis by the absence (vs. presence) of spots on the cheek below the eye; lateral and inter-bar spaces equal (vs. lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces); and inner rostral barbel reaching the middle of the eye (vs. reaching anterior margin of the eye). Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. evezardi by having a caudal peduncle bar not divided into two spots (vs. divided into two spots); caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. deeper than long); lateral and inter-bar spaces equal (vs. lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces); and dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical at pelvic-fin base). Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. amrabad by having the lateral bar and inter-bar (vs. blotches) on the body; caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. deeper than long); three to four rows of dark-brown spots on the caudal-fin rays (vs. five to six rows of dark-brown spots); spots on the cheek below eye absent (vs. present); and dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical from pelvic-fin base). Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. kalsubai by the presence (vs. absence) of a dark brown to black spot at the base of the first dorsal-fin ray and distinct spots on the dorsal side of the head; lateral bar and inter-bar spaces equal (vs. lateral bars narrower than inter-bar spaces); and inner rostral barbel reaching the middle of the eye (vs. reaching up to nostril). Indoreonectes radhanagari can be distinguished from I. keralensis by having a long nasal barbel reaching the middle of the eye (vs. short nasal barbel barely reaching the anterior margin of the eye); presence (vs. absence) of dorsal hump behind nape; caudal peduncle as long as deep (vs. longer than deep); spots on the cheek below eye absent (vs. present); and dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin base (vs. posterior to vertical from pelvic-fin base). Description: Morphometric data of the holotype and nine paratypes are provided in Table 1. Body elongate, slender, its length 7.1 – 8.8 times depth; Dorsal profile rising evenly from the tip of snout to head, a distinct dorsal hump behind nape, gradually rising to dorsal-fin origin, sloping gently to origin of adipose crest on caudal peduncle; moderately high adipose crest on dorsal aspect of caudal peduncle. The ventral profile is almost straight. Head small, moderately depressed. Snout rounded; shorter than postorbital length; eye moderately large dorso-laterally placed, not visible from ventral view. Mouth semicircular in ventral aspect, with thick fleshy lips, upper lip with a shallow median incision, and lower lip interrupted medially by a deep groove (Figure 9 C). Barbels well developed, four pairs; two rostral barbels almost equally long, inner one extending to the middle of the eye, outer reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of eye; maxillary barbel longest, extending up to middle between the posterior border of eye and tip of operculum; nasal barbel reaching the middle of eye. Lips and barbels covered with unculi. Dorsal fin with 3 (10) soft unbranched rays and 7 (10) branched rays, origin nearer to caudal-fin base than to tip of snout, posterior edge rounded, shorter than head length. Anal fin with 3 (10) unbranched and 5 (10) branched rays, tip not reaching caudal-fin base when depressed. Pectoral fin with 2 (10) unbranched and 9 (10) branched rays, reaching midway between pectoral-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin when adpressed. Pelvic-fin with 1 (10) unbranched and 7 (10) branched rays, opposite to dorsal-fin origin, tip not reaching anus, longer than half of distance between pelvic and anal-fin origin; axillary pelvic lobe absent. Distance from anus to anal-fin origin is almost equal to eye diameter. Caudal fin rounded, with 18 (7) or 19 (3) principal rays (with 3 * – 5 unbranched and 14 – 15 * branched rays); dorsal and ventral procurrent rays subdermal. The caudal peduncle is about as long as deep, its length-to-depth ratio 1.0 – 1.1. Lateral line incomplete, with 8 – 11 * pores, short, ending middle of pectoral fin. Scales minute. Cephalic lateral-line system with 3 * (3), 4 (6), 5 (1) supraorbital, 3 * (6), 4 (4) + 7 * (5), 8 (5) infraorbital, 3 (5), 4 * (5) supratemporal pores. Preoperculomandibular canal pores are not visible. Colouration: In life (Figure 7), Body colour is pale yellowish-white to grey with almost vertical brownish-black bars laterally, extending to the ventral side behind the dorsal fin; inter-bar space is yellowish-white equal to vertical bars. Dorso-lateral area of the head with irregular large dark-brown spots. Dark brown to black spot on base of first dorsal-fin ray; dorsal fin interradial membrane hyaline with two rows of black spots on rays; pectoral, ventral and anal fin hyaline, lacking spots; caudal fin interradial membrane hyaline, with three to four rows of dark-brown spots on rays; dark-brown vertical bar on caudal-fin base. Ventral surface without any markings. In preservatives (Figure 8), colouration is similar to that in life but faded. Habitat: Indoreonectes radhanagari inhabits shallow, moderately fast-flowing streams with bedrock, sand, boulders and gravels as substrates. The stream was observed to flood during monsoon, thereafter reducing inflow during summer. Co-occurring species are Rasbora daniconius, Schistura denisoni, Devario aequipinnatus, Parapsilorhynchus sp. and Garra mullya. Etymology: The specific epithet is named after ‘ Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary’, the type locality for the species and a protected area in Maharashtra. The species epithet is a noun in apposition to the generic name. Distribution: Indoreonectes radhanagari is currently known only from the surroundings of the Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra (Figure 1). Common name: Radhanagari loach	en	Jadhav, Shrikant, Karuthapandi, M., Jaiswal, Deepa, Shankar, C. Shiva, Dinesh, K. P., Raghunathan, C., Banerjee, Dhriti (2024): Three new species of hill stream loach genus Indoreonectes (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from peninsular India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 124 (1): 11-24, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1/2024/172675
