taxonID	type	description	language	source
209E6529CAB85E30A5E46B2B0199DD84.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Four females from one location, in good state of preservation.	en	Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Anh D., Le, Thi Mai Linh, Pena-Santiago, Reyes (2024): Updated taxonomy and new insights into the evolutionary relationships of the genus Sporonchulus Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda, Mononchida) after the study of two Vietnamese species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1): 155-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675
209E6529CAB85E30A5E46B2B0199DD84.taxon	description	Description. Female. Moderately slender to slender (a = 28 - 34) nematodes of medium size, 1.09 - 1.37 mm long. Body cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the anterior end and more appreciably towards the posterior extremity as the tail is conical. Upon fixation, habitus strongly curved ventrad, C- to G-shaped. Cuticle smooth when observed with LM, but showing very fine transverse striation under SEM, two-layered, 1 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5 µm in midbody and 1.5 - 2 µm on tail. Lip region almost continuous with the adjoining body, 2.0 - 2.2 times as wide as high and one-half to two-thirds (53 - 67 %) of body diameter at neck base, with totally fused lips and weakly protruding papillae; SEM observations (Fig. 1 D): oral field comparatively small, with almost hexagonal oral aperture surrounded by six perioral liplets, labial papillae button-like, prominent, cephalic papillae also button-like, but visibly smaller than labial ones. Amphid fovea small, goblet-like, located at 10 - 11 µm from the anterior end, its aperture a short transverse slit 3 - 3.5 µm long, occupying up to one sixth (12 - 16 %) of lip region diameter. Vestibulum 4.5 - 5.5 µm long. Buccal cavity up to twice (1.8 - 1.9 times) as long as wide, 1.1 - 1.3 times longer than lip region diameter: vertical (anterior) plates somewhat convergent at their anterior and posterior ends, their walls 1 - 1.5 µm thick, horizontal (posterior or basal) plates visibly oblique, with foramina, dorsal tooth apex situated at anterior third of buccal cavity (68 - 74 % from the base), anterior subventral plates bearing each two irregular rows of small teeth with decreasing size from the base till the level of dorsal tooth. Anterior end of pharynx embracing the basal part of buccal cavity, gland nuclei obscure except S 2 N = 81 - 85 %. Nerve ring located at 92 - 101 µm or ca one-third (31 - 36 %) of the total neck length. Pharyngo-intestinal junction non-tuberculate, 14 - 18 x 8.5 - 10 µm. Genital system diovarian, with small and equally developed branches occupying 6 - 13 % of body length: ovaries comparatively large, 50 - 146 µm long, with oocytes first arranged in several rows and then in only one row; genital tract very short and poorly differentiated, oviduct 35 - 48 µm long or 1.0 - 1.2 body diameters, pars dilatata oviductus not enlarged, uterus 17 - 33 µm long or 0.5 - 0.7 body diameters, both separated by an indistinct weak sphincter; vagina 11 µm long, extending inwards to one-third (34 %) of body diameter, pars proximalis 6.5 x 1.5 µm, pars refringens with two drop-shaped or somewhat trapezoidal sclerotized pieces 2.5 x 2.5 µm and a combined width of 5 µm, pars distalis 1.5 µm, vulva a transverse slit. Rectum 0.8 - 1.0 times the anal body diameter long. Tail conical with finely rounded tip, regularly curved ventrad, with poorly developed glands and lacking a terminal spinneret (Figs 1, 2). Male. Not found.	en	Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Anh D., Le, Thi Mai Linh, Pena-Santiago, Reyes (2024): Updated taxonomy and new insights into the evolutionary relationships of the genus Sporonchulus Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda, Mononchida) after the study of two Vietnamese species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1): 155-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675
209E6529CAB85E30A5E46B2B0199DD84.taxon	description	Molecular characterization. After sequencing and editing, two sequences were obtained for phylogenetic analyses: one full length 18 S rDNA with 1591 bp length (GenBank accession N ° OQ 377123) and one nearly 745 bp length D 2 D 3 of LSU rRNA (28 S) (GenBank accession OQ 377128).	en	Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Anh D., Le, Thi Mai Linh, Pena-Santiago, Reyes (2024): Updated taxonomy and new insights into the evolutionary relationships of the genus Sporonchulus Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda, Mononchida) after the study of two Vietnamese species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1): 155-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675
83FA680242D9592184F9C9F30608A35C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Three females from one location, in good state of preservation.	en	Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Anh D., Le, Thi Mai Linh, Pena-Santiago, Reyes (2024): Updated taxonomy and new insights into the evolutionary relationships of the genus Sporonchulus Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda, Mononchida) after the study of two Vietnamese species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1): 155-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675
83FA680242D9592184F9C9F30608A35C.taxon	description	Description. Female. Moderately slender to slender (a = 28 - 35) of medium size, 1.27 - 1.41 mm long. Body cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the anterior end and more appreciably towards the posterior extremity as the tail is conical. Upon fixation, habitus strongly curved ventrad, C- to G-shaped. Cuticle smooth, two-layered, 1 µm thick at anterior region, 1 - 1.5 µm in midbody and 2 µm on tail. Lip region almost continuous with the adjoining body, 2.1 - 2.5 times as wide as high and hardly more than one-half (53 %) of body diameter at neck base, with totally fused lips and weakly protruding papillae. Amphid fovea small, goblet-like, located at 8 - 10 µm from the anterior end, its aperture a short transverse slit 3 µm long, occupying less than one-sixth (14 - 15 %) of lip region diameter. Vestibulum 5 µm long. Buccal cavity up to twice (1.8 - 1.9 times) as long as wide, hardly longer (1.1 times) than lip region diameter: vertical (anterior) plates somewhat convergent at their anterior and posterior ends, their walls 1 - 1.5 µm thick, horizontal (posterior or basal) plates visibly oblique, with foramina, dorsal tooth apex situated at three-fourths of buccal cavity (74 - 75 % from the base), anterior subventral plates bearing each two irregular rows of small teeth with decreasing size from the base till the level of dorsal tooth. Anterior end of pharynx embracing the basal part of buccal cavity, gland nuclei obscure. Nerve ring located at 93 - 101 µm or ca one-third (34 - 36 %) of the total neck length. Pharyngo-intestinal junction non-tuberculate, 15 x 8 - 9 µm. Genital system diovarian, with small and equally developed branches occupying 6 - 7 % of body length: ovaries comparatively large, 50 - 56 µm long, with oocytes first arranged in several rows and then in only one row; genital tract very short: oviduct 40 - 57 µm long or 1.1 - 1.4 body diameters, consisting of a small distal part and a well-developed pars dilatata, sphincter hardly perceptible, uterus a simple tube 17 - 21 µm or 0.4 - 0.5 body diameters; vagina 11 - 12 µm long, extending inwards to less than one-third (29 - 30 %) of body diameter, pars proximalis 5.5 - 6.5 x 1.5 - 2 µm, pars refringens with two trapezoidal sclerotized pieces 2.5 x 2 µm and a combined width of 4.5 - 5.5 µm, pars distalis 0.5 - 1.5 µm, vulva a transverse slit. Rectum as long as anal body diameter long. Tail conical with finely rounded tip, regularly curved ventrad, with distinct caudal glands leading to a visible ampulla with terminal spinneret 2.5 µm long (Figs 3, 4). Male. Not found.	en	Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Anh D., Le, Thi Mai Linh, Pena-Santiago, Reyes (2024): Updated taxonomy and new insights into the evolutionary relationships of the genus Sporonchulus Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda, Mononchida) after the study of two Vietnamese species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1): 155-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118675
