identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E7539306FFDCFF90FF0CFE904986FF2A.text	E7539306FFDCFF90FF0CFE904986FF2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Escalerosia igori	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Escalerosia igori sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 1–7)</p>
            <p> Material examined. Holotype No. 217-2 [CCHH], male (Figs. 1–4). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. Syninclusions are absent. Paratype No. 881-2 [CCHH], possible female (Figs. 5–7). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. Syninclusions are absent. Paratype No. 890-4 [CCHH], male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. Syninclusions are absent. Paratype No. 1006-1 [CCHH], sex unknown. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a reddish shade without any further fixation. The piece is elongate, with maximum length 31 mm and maximum width 15 mm. The plant syninclusions are represented by many trichomes (“stellate hairs”) and the animal syninclusions are represented by five Collembola and one dermestid beetle (  Coleoptera :  Dermestidae ) 2.1 mm in length. Paratype No. 10 [CAB], possible female. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent yellow-orange amber without any further fixation. The piece is conical, with maximum length 34 mm and maximum width 23 mm. The syninclusions are represented by four trichomes and differently sized pieces of woody material. </p>
            <p>Etymology. Patronymic, this new species is dedicated to the father of the first author—Igor N. Alekseev (1952–2009).</p>
            <p>Type strata. Baltic Amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Russia, the Kaliningrad region, the Sambian [Samland] peninsula, Yantarny settlement [formerly Palmnicken].</p>
            <p>Description. Length: 1.6–2.5 mm (No 217-2—2.0 mm; No. 881- 2—2.5 mm; No. 890-4— 2.2 mm; No. 1006- 1 —2.2 mm; No. 10— 1.6 mm); moderately convex, elongate. Brown-piceous, appendages light rufous. Upper surface biseriate, clothed with very short pubescence, one seta arising anterad of each puncture, with additional short, numerous setae between primary pubescence (pruinose pubescence). Body length 2.5× maximum body width. Elytral length 2.6× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, with slight anterior emargination, well-separated from hind margin of head; interocular space narrower than one ocular diameter; temples approximately 1/3 of ocular diameter; frons and vertex without punctures; maxillary palpomeres orange, apical palpomere broad, triangular, slightly rounded; apical labial palpomere expanded. Antenna filiform, robust; 11-segmented, pubescent; reaching basal third of elytra when folded backward; antennomere III shortest, antennomere XI longest; antennomere length ratios: 5-5-4-5-5-5-6- 6-6- 6-10; antennomeres VII–X asymmetrical, slightly serrate (Fig. 1 B).</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum slightly wider than long, widest subapically, with anterior raised tubercles; disc with irregularly spaced fine punctures; with two small pits at basal angles (Fig. 1 A). Base of prothorax distinctly narrower than combined elytral bases. Scutellum campanulate, widest basally. Elytron moderately convex; sides weakly rounded; width 0.67× length; pubescence very short; punctation moderate, fine. Metathoracic wings present.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II apparent laterally, completely obsolete in medial third.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metafemur with comb of thick setae, confined to apical 2/3 of metafemoral length and 1/3× metafemoral width (Figs. 4, 6). Metatarsomere I approximately 1.5× longer than metatarsomeres II–IV combined, metatarsomere II bilobed; metatarsomere III visible (Fig. 1 C).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Escalerosia igori sp. nov. differs from the African  Escalerosia acutithorax (Escalera 1922) by the more prominent anterior tubercles, by the very short, indistinct pronotal pubescence, and by the irregular pronotal punctation. </p>
            <p>Note. This newly described species is found within Danish and in true Eastern (Sambian) Baltic amber. The fossil species is variable in color and pronotal relief. Specimen 290-4 is darker, unicolorous and has the pronotum with more expressed tubercles and the median impression with deeper, more distinct punctures. We interpret these characters as polymorphic within the single species here described because other significant morphological differences were not found.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFDCFF90FF0CFE904986FF2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFDAFF93FF0CFEDE492CFE77.text	E7539306FFDAFF93FF0CFEDE492CFE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Picemelinus irinae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Picemelinus irinae sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 8–9)</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype No. 890-5 [CCHH], male (Figs. 8–9). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade without any further fixation. The piece is small, irregular in form, with maximum length 12 mm and maximum width 8 mm. The syninclusions are represented by two trichomes.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Matronymic, this new species is dedicated to the mother of the first author—Irina I. Alekseeva.</p>
            <p>Type strata. Baltic Amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Russia, the Kaliningrad region, the Sambian [Samland] peninsula, Yantarny settlement [formerly Palmnicken].</p>
            <p>Description. Length 1.8 mm; moderately convex, elongate. Unicolored, black. Upper surface biseriate, clothed with very short pubescence, one seta arising anterad of each puncture, with additional short, numerous setae between primary pubescence (pruinose pubescence). Body length 1.9× maximum body width. Elytral length 3.6× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, hemispherical, with slight anterior emargination, well-separated from hind margin of head; interocular space narrower than one ocular diameter; temples approximately 1/3 of minimum ocular diameter; apical maxillary palpomere elongate triangular; vertex covered by pubescence equal in length and width to elytral pubescence. Antenna (Fig. 8 B) filiform, 11-segmented, pubescent, reaching middle of elytra when folded backward; scape, antennomere III, and antennomere XI longest; antennomere length ratios: 14-4-20-5 -5-6-6- 6-6-6- 11; antennomere III with two apical projections forming cavity for antennomere IV.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 8 A) transverse, width 0.7× length, widest apically, with very shallow impression laterad of basal angle, disc with pubescence indistinct, punctation dense and coarse. Scutellum subquadrate, without visible punctation or pubescence. Elytron with short, simple pubescence, moderately convex, with slight depression on disc in basal third near suture; sides weakly rounded; width 0.7× length; punctation dense and coarse; punctures finer towards lateral aspects of disc.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II visible medially and laterally. Legs. Metafemur simple, without visible brush or comb of modified setae. Metatarsomere I length 3.0× metatarsomeres II–IV combined, metatarsomere II bilobed, metatarsomere III concealed.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Picemelinus irinae sp. nov. differs from the only extant described member of this genus from Japan,  Picemelinus flabellicornis (Pic, 1910) , by the simple instead of flabellate antennomeres V–X. The elongate scape and the very distinctive length and shape of antennomere III provide evidence for the congeneric status of these two species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFDAFF93FF0CFEDE492CFE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD9FF92FF0CFB58491FFD58.text	E7539306FFD9FF92FF0CFB58491FFD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanonus ulmerigicus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vanonus ulmerigicus sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 10, 12–13)</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype No. 138-1 [CCHH], possible male (Figs. 12–13). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. The syninclusions are represented by three trichomes.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species is named after Ulmerigia (Ulmigeria or Ulmigania), the old name for the territory on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea.</p>
            <p>Type strata. Baltic Amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Russia, the Kaliningrad region, the Sambian [Samland] peninsula, Yantarny settlement [formerly Palmnicken].</p>
            <p>Description. Length 2.3 mm; moderately convex, elongate. Unicolored, dark gray, appendages lighter. Upper surface biseriate, clothed with pubescence, one seta arising anterad of each puncture, with additional setae between primary pubescence (pruinose pubescence). Body length 2.6× maximum body width. Elytral length 5.0× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, with distinct anterior emargination, hemispherical, well-separated from hind margin of head; interocular space narrower than one ocular diameter; temples approximately 1/5 of ocular diameter; apical maxillary palpomere broad, triangular, slightly rounded; apical labial palpomere wide, possibly subquadrate; frons along fronto-clypeal suture with fringe of long setae; vertex covered by pruinosity similar to pronotal pubescence. Antenna filiform, robust; 11-segmented, pubescent, thickened towards apex; reaching basal third of elytra when folded backward; scape, antennomere III, and antennomere XI longest; antennomere length ratios: 8-5-8-5-5-5-5- 5-5-5-11; antennomeres III–IV elongate, VI–X subcylindrical (Fig. 10 B).</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 10 A) transverse, widest at middle, with one sinuate, shallow, sub-basal impression; surface partially concealed by dense white pruinosity; pronotal punctation visible, though fine and scarce. Scutellum campanulate, covered with white pruinosity. Elytron with biseriate pubescence, with primary and interstitial setae present, moderately convex, slightly depressed on disc; sides weakly rounded; width 0.5× length; punctation moderate, dense; punctures finer towards central area of disc.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II visible laterally, obsolete in medial third.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metafemur slightly curved, with brush of thick setae (Fig. 10 C, 13), extending from near base to near apex, approximately 1/2× width of metafemur. Metatarsomere I length 2.2× metatarsomeres II-IV combined, metatarsomere II bilobed, metatarsomere III concealed.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Vanonus ulmerigicus sp. nov. differs from the extant European species  V. brevicornis (Perris, 1869) by the presence of impressions at the base of the pronotum, the distinctly larger size, and the longer antennomeres.  Vanonus ulmerigicus sp. nov. is closer in general habitus to the North American species of the wickhami -group (Werner 1990) (  V. huronicus Casey, 1895 and related species) and can be easily distinguished by the long antennomere III. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD9FF92FF0CFB58491FFD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD8FF9DFF0CFA294CA1F8E7.text	E7539306FFD8FF9DFF0CFA294CA1F8E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanonus aestiorum	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vanonus aestiorum sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 11, 14–16)</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype No. AWI-037 [CVIA], possible male (Fig. 14–16). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade without any further fixation. The amber piece is parallelepiped, with maximum length 20 mm and maximum width 11 mm. The plant syninclusions are represented by ten trichomes.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The species name is derived from the Old Latin names of the West Baltic tribes (Aestorum nationem,  Aestiorum gentes, Hesti(s), Aesti/Aisti, Êstum). </p>
            <p>Type strata. Baltic Amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Russia, the Kaliningrad region, the Sambian [Samland] peninsula, Yantarny settlement [formerly Palmnicken].</p>
            <p>Description. Length 2.3 mm; moderately convex, elongate; uniformly dark gray. Upper surface biseriate, clothed in short pubescence, one seta arising anterad of each puncture, with additional numerous setae between primary pubescence (pruinose pubescence). Body length 2.9× maximum body width. Elytral length 1.4× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, hemispherical, with distinct anterior emargination; well-separated from hind margin of head; interocular space about as wide as ocular diameter; temples approximately 1/5 of ocular diameter; apical maxillary palpomere broad, triangular, slightly rounded; apical labial palpomere wide, possibly subquadrate. Antenna filiform, robust (Fig. 11 B); 11-segmented, pubescent; reaching basal third of elytra when folded backward; scape, antennomeres III and antennomere XI longest; antennomere length ratios: 10-4-8-5-5 -5-5- 5-5-5- 10.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 11 A) transverse, broadest anterad of middle; finely, densely punctate; with very fine and short simple pubescence, with three faint basal pronotal impressions. Scutellum trapeziform, widest at base. Elytron pubescent, with primary and interstitial setae, moderately convex, slightly depressed on disc in basal third; sides weakly rounded; width 0.55× length; punctation irregular, moderately dense.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II visible laterally, obsolete medially.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metafemur slightly curved, with posterior brush of setae running length of metafemur, approximately 1/ 3× width of metafemur (Fig. 16). Metatarsomere I approximately 2× metatarsomeres II-IV combined; metatarsomere II bilobed; metatarsomere III small and concealed.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Vanonus aestiorum sp. nov. is similar in general appearance to  V. ulmerigicus , and differs from it by the dense punctation of the pronotum, the scarce and almost invisible short pronotal pubescence, the form of the pronotal impressions (divided in three parts and more shallow), and the ratios of the antennomeres. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD8FF9DFF0CFA294CA1F8E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD7FF9FFF0CF81049AAFD7A.text	E7539306FFD7FF9FFF0CF81049AAFD7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnopus kraxtepellenensis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cnopus kraxtepellenensis sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 17–20)</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype No. AWI-103 [CVIA], female (protruding ovipositor) (Figs. 18–19). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent yellow amber without any further fixation. The piece is tetrahedral in form, with maximum length 41 mm and maximum width 12 mm. The syninclusions are represented by one Nematocera (Diptera) of length 0.7 mm and one trichome. Paratype No. 373-1 [CCHH], female (protruding ovipositor) (Fig. 20). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with an orange shade without any further fixation. The piece is elongate, with maximum length 16 mm and maximum width 5 mm. The plant syninclusions are represented by 13 trichomes. Paratype No. 1222-4 [CCHH], sex unknown. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade. The amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. The syninclusions are absent. Paratype No. AWI-119 [CVIA], female. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent yellow amber without any further fixation. The piece is irregular in form, with maximum length 18 mm and maximum width 16 mm. Syninclusions are absent.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the northern part of Palmnicken settlement: Kraxtepellen (now Yantarny settlement).</p>
            <p>Type strata. Baltic Amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Russia, the Kaliningrad region, the Sambian [Samland] peninsula, Yantarny settlement [formerly Palmnicken].</p>
            <p>Description. Small for family, length 1.1 mm (paratypes No. 373-1 and No, 1222-4)— 1.25 mm (holotype and paratype No. AWI-119); moderately convex, elongate. Unicolored brown piceous. Upper surface of body shining, with short, uniseriate pubescence, one seta arising anterad of each puncture, without additional pubescence between. Body length 2.1× maximum body width. Elytral length 6.0× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, without anterior emargination, interocular space wider than one ocular diameter; temples absent; apical maxillary palpomere elongate, cultriform. Antenna (Fig. 17 B) moniliform; 11-segmented; reaching basal third of elytra when folded backward; scape and antennomere XI longest; antennomere length ratios: 3-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 17 A) transverse, 0.56× as wide as long, widest medially; coarsely and densely punctate; shining, not visibly pubescent; with one arcuate well-defined and deep sub-basal transverse impression. Scutellum subquadrate, glabrous. Elytron moderately convex; sides weakly rounded; with visible short simple pubescence in apical half; width/length ratio 0.54; punctation dense and coarse. Metathoracic wings present.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Appearing 4-segmented, suture between abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II completely effaced.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metatarsomere I slightly shorter than metatarsomeres II-IV combined.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Cnopus kraxtepellenensis sp. nov. resembles the extant South-European  Cnopus minor (Baudi, 1877) , but differs from the latter by the lack of pubescence on the pronotum, the narrower elytra, and the absence of anterior pronotal impressions. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD7FF9FFF0CF81049AAFD7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD5FF9FFF0CFD6A4DC5F852.text	E7539306FFD5FF9FFF0CFD6A4DC5F852.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeocnopus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Palaeocnopus gen. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p> Type species:  Palaeocnopus densipunctatus sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala, here designated </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The combination of small overall body size (1.4–1.8 mm), the deep basal pronotal impressions, the elytra with uniseriate pubescence, the coarsely faceted and protuberant eyes, and the metathoracic femora without any excavation or modified setal comb or brush differs from all currently described extant and extinct genera of  Aderidae . This new genus most closely resembles  Cnopus Champion, 1893 , but can be distinguished by the two deep, lateral triangular impressions at the anterior pronotal angles and the metathoracic legs with metatarsomere I equal to or slightly longer than the following metatarsomeres combined. </p>
            <p>Description. Body small and elongate (1.4–1.8 mm), upper surface clothed with uniseriate pubescence, with one seta arising anterad of each puncture, without additional setae between; antenna long, filiform, 11-segmented; eyes large, oval, hemispherical, coarsely faceted, adjacent to hind margin of head; pronotum transverse, maximal width at or close behind middle, with two deep, lateral triangular impressions at anterior angles and 1–2 shallow to deep basal or sub-basal impressions, form of which is species-specific; separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II visible laterally, obsolete medially; metafemur simple, lacking distinctive comb or brush of modified setae, metatarsomere II bilobed and metatarsomere III small.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The new genus-group name  Palaeocnopus is composed of “ palaeo ” (meaning old, ancient) and “  Cnopus ”, the name of its putative sister genus. The name is masculine. </p>
            <p>Species composition. Four newly described extinct species.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Several observed characters, such as the antennomere ratios and the size of the eyes and area between them, are assumed to be sexually dimorphic because all other characters appear to be constant between specimens. These differences have been observed between males and females of extant aderid taxa, such as those in the genus  Euglenes Westwood , wherein males have elongate antennomeres and enlarged eyes as compared to females. These characters can later be confirmed by finding a pair of  Palaeocnopus “ in copula ” within an amber inclusion. </p>
            <p> Systematic placement. The genus  Palaeocnopus shares several putative morphological synapomorphies with the potentially closely related genus  Cnopus Champion, 1893 such as the globular pedicel, the coarsely faceted eyes lacking anterior emargination, the deep basal pronotal impressions, the uniseriate elytral pubescence, and the absence of any metathoracic femoral modifications. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of the  Aderidae place this genus within a clade containing the genera  Cnopus ,  Scraptogetus Broun, 1893 , and the currently unplaced North American species ‘  Xylophilus ’ constrictus Fall, 1901, based upon the globular pedicel, the coarsely faceted eyes lacking anterior emarginations, the shallow to deep pronotal impressions, and uniseriate elytral pubescence. The higher-level classification of the  Aderidae is currently under revision (TLG in preparation) and we refrain from discussing the phylogenetic placement of this new genus further in order to avoid future classification confusion. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD5FF9FFF0CFD6A4DC5F852	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD4FF9EFF0CFF2A4DD1FDE6.text	E7539306FFD4FF9EFF0CFF2A4DD1FDE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeocnopus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the  Palaeocnopus species of Baltic and Bitterfeld amber </p>
            <p> 1. Pronotum with one deep and well-defined transverse sub-basal impression (Fig. 22 A); elytra and antennomeres III–XI with visible elongate pubescence............................................................  P. saeticornis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>- Pronotum with two distinct sub-basal impressions (Fig. 21 A, 23A, 24A); elytra and antennomeres without elongate pubescence.............................................................................................. 2</p>
            <p> 2. Pronotum with two long transverse angulate sub-basal impressions at base (Fig. 21 A), head and pronotum densely punctate (distance between punctures less than or equal to puncture diameter).......................  P. densipunctatus sp. nov.</p>
            <p>- Pronotum with two pit-shaped sub-basal pronotal impressions (Figs. 23 A, 24A), head and pronotum sparsely punctate.... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Antennomeres III–X long cylindrical; antennomere XI tear-shaped (Fig. 23 B); sub-basal pronotal impressions closed (Fig. 23 A).............................................................................  P. glabricornis sp. nov.</p>
            <p> - Antennomeres III–VIII cylindrical; antennomeres IX–XI rounded, subequal in size (Fig. 24 B); sub-basal pronotal impressions open laterally (Fig. 24 A)..................................................................  P. mara sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD4FF9EFF0CFF2A4DD1FDE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD4FF99FF0CFDEC4B1AF922.text	E7539306FFD4FF99FF0CFDEC4B1AF922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeocnopus densipunctatus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeocnopus densipunctatus sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 21, 25–27)</p>
            <p> Material examined. Holotype No. 420-6 [CCHH], possible female (due to small eyes and short antennae) (Fig. 22). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. The syninclusions are represented by two trichomes and one phorid fly (Diptera) of length 1.2 mm. Paratype No. 217-1 [CCHH], possible female (Figs. 23–24). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, yellow in color, without any further fixation. The amber piece is parallelepiped, with maximum length 16 mm and maximum width 9 mm. The syninclusions are represented by one well-preserved rove beetle (  Coleoptera :  Staphylinidae :  Omaliinae , aff.  Phloeonomus Heer, 1839 , possibly an undescribed species, personal observation) of length 1.7 mm. Paratype No. AWI-107 [CVIA], possible female. The beetle is included in a polished piece of transparent yellow amber, without any further fixation. The piece is flat, rounded, with maximum length 19 mm and maximum width 14 mm. The syninclusions are represented by two trichomes. Paratype No. 25-4 [CCHH], possible female. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with an orange shade. The amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. Paratype No. AWI-121 [CVIA], possible female. The beetle is included in a polished piece of transparent yellow amber, without any further fixation. The piece is flat, with maximum length 23 mm and maximum width 17 mm. The syninclusions are represented by numerous trichomes. </p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named from a combination of Latin “ densus ”[dense] and Latin “ punctum ” [point, puncture], referring to the dense and coarse punctation on the vertex.</p>
            <p>Type strata. Baltic Amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Russia, the Kaliningrad region, the Sambian [Samland] peninsula, Yantarny settlement [formerly Palmnicken].</p>
            <p>Description. Length approximately 1.4–1.8 mm (No. 420-6— 1.75 mm; No. 217— 1.7 mm; AWI-107— 1.8 mm; No. 25-4— 1.5 mm; No. AWI-121— 1.4 mm); moderately convex, elongate; uniformly dark gray. Upper surface uniseriate, clothed with short pubescence. Body length 2.7× maximum body width. Elytral length 4.1× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, hemispherical, coarsely faceted, adjacent to hind margin of head; interocular space wider than one ocular diameter; temples narrow; apical maxillary palpomere acute, triangular; apical labial palpomere oval. Vertex densely and coarsely punctate. Antenna (Fig. 21 B) filiform, 11-segmented, sparsely pubescent; reaching basal third of elytra when folded backward; antennomere length ratios: 5-4-4-4-5-5-5-4-4-4-6.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum transverse (Fig. 21 A), widest basally; glabrous; coarsely and densely punctate; without visible pubescence; with two deep, well-defined sub-basal impressions, almost fused medially, and with two deep sub-triangular lateral impressions at anterior angles. Posterior angles rounded. Scutellum subquadrate, with posterior angles rounded. Elytron subparallel, moderately convex, with slight depression on disc; width 0.52× length; punctation irregular, coarse, dense. Elytral pubescence short, more visible laterally and apically. Metathoracic wings present.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Each abdominal ventrite with large deep punctures, punctures subequal to those on pro-, meso- and metathorax. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II fine, but well-defined laterally, obsolete medially.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metatarsomere I approximately equal in length to metatarsomeres II-IV combined.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Palaeocnopus densipunctatus sp. nov. is characterized by the antennal ratios, the two deep subbasal pronotal impressions, and the densely, coarsely punctate vertex.  Palaeocnopus densipunctatus sp. nov. differs from  P. glabricornis and P. m ar a by the punctation of the head and pronotum, and from P. s ae t i c or n i s by the two separate pronotal impressions and absence of long pubescence on the antennae and elytra. Antennal ratios of this new species are similar to P. m a r a, but the presence of the two closed sub-basal pronotal impressions makes  P. densipunctatus sp. nov. appear more similar to  P. glabricornis . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD4FF99FF0CFDEC4B1AF922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD3FF9AFF0CF8834C5AFE78.text	E7539306FFD3FF9AFF0CF8834C5AFE78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeocnopus saeticornis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeocnopus saeticornis sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 22, 28–29)</p>
            <p> Material examined. Holotype No. 890-3 [CCHH], possible male (due to long antennae and large eyes) (Figs. 28– 29). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, orange in color and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. The syninclusions are represented by numerous trichomes, one flower (possibly of an oak), and one Collembola. Paratype No. 25-1 [CCHH], possible male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, orange-reddish in color, without any further fixation. The piece is elongate, oval, with maximum length 24 mm and maximum width 15 mm. The syninclusions are represented by three Brachycera (two morphospecies) and five Nematocera. Paratype No. 1049-2 [CCHH], possible male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, orange-reddish in color, without any further fixation. The piece is flat, irregular in form, with maximum length 37 mm and maximum width 25 mm. The syninclusions are represented by numerous trichomes, one specimen of mite (Acari:  Oribatidae ), a partial spider's web, and one specimen of Brachycera (1.7 mm long). Paratype No. AWI-068, possible male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, yellow in color, without any further fixation. The piece is flat, oval, with maximum length 25 mm and maximum width 16 mm. The syninclusions are represented by seven trichomes. Paratype No. AWI-016, possible male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, orange-reddish in color, without any further fixation. The piece is flat, elongate, with maximum length 43 mm and maximum width 12 mm. The syninclusions are represented by numerous trichomes, by one spider (  Araneae ), by two Nematocera (1.0 and 0.9 mm long) and one  Hymenoptera (0.7 mm long, possibly  Scelionidae ). </p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named from a combination of Latin “ saeta ” [long hair] and Latin “ cornu ” [horn or antenna], referring to the long and notable pubescence of the antennae.</p>
            <p>Type strata. Bitterfeld amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Goitzsche (Bitterfeld).</p>
            <p>Description. Length 1.5–1.7 mm (No. 890-3— 1.7 mm; No. 25- 1—1.5 mm; No. 1049-2— 1.7 mm; No. AWI- 068— 1.5 mm); moderately convex, elongate; uniformly dark piceous. Upper surface clothed with moderately long, uniseriate pubescence (holotype) or glabrous (paratypes—most likely due to setal abrasion and loss). Body length 2.75× maximum body width. Elytral length 3.9× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, hemispherical, coarsely faceted, adjacent to hind margin of head; interocular space (in frons area) narrower than one ocular diameter; temples narrow; apical maxillary palpomere acute, triangular; apical labial palpomere wide, oval, rounded. Vertex finely, densely punctate. Antenna (Fig. 22 B) filiform, long, 11- segmented, with elongate pubescence (not visible for some specimens); reaching to apical half of elytron when folded backward; pedicel shortest, cylindrical; apical antennomere spindle-shaped; antennomere length ratios: 6-3- 6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-7.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum transverse (Fig.22 A), widest sub-basally; glabrous; finely and densely punctate; without visible pubescence; with deep and well-defined sinuate, sub-basal impression and two deep sub-triangular lateral impressions at anterior angles. Scutellum transverse, in form of slightly rounded rectangle. Elytron glabrous, subparallel, moderately convex, slightly depressed on disc; width 0.52× length; punctation irregular, coarse, dense, but obsolete in scutellar area and finer, sparse in other parts. Elytral pubescence conspicuous, long.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II well-defined laterally, obsolete and fine medially.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metatarsomere I slightly longer than metatarsomeres II-IV combined.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Palaeocnopus saeticornis sp. nov. differs from  P. densipunctatus by the shape and ratios of the antennomeres, the long elytral pubescence, the punctation of the head and abdomen, and the pronotal impressions. </p>
            <p>Note. The newly described species is found in Bitterfeld and in true Eastern (Sambian) Baltic amber. Paratype No. AWI-016 has the deep medial pronotal impression, but with a different pronotal shape (widest behind the middle). This specimen is an autoclave-treated specimen, with the characteristic darkening of color and compression and distortion of legs and body parts. We assume the above-mentioned differences are only derived from this treatment of the amber and have no species-specific value in this case.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD3FF9AFF0CF8834C5AFE78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD0FF9AFF0CFE6E4D72F944.text	E7539306FFD0FF9AFF0CFE6E4D72F944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeocnopus glabricornis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeocnopus glabricornis sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 23, 30–31)</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype No. 890-2 [CCHH], possible male (long antennae and large eyes) (Figs. 31–32). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. Syninclusions are absent. Paratype No. AWI-120 [CVIA], possible male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, orange in color, without any further fixation. The piece is small, irregular in form, with maximum length 11 mm and maximum width 9 mm. Syninclusions are absent. Paratype No. AWI-122 [CVIA], possible male. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, orange in color, without any further fixation. The piece is irregular in form, with maximum length 17 mm and maximum width 13 mm. The syninclusions are represented by two trichomes.</p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named from a combination of Latin “ glaber ” [glabrate, hairless] and Latin “ cornu ” [horn or antenna], referring to the hairless antennae.</p>
            <p>Type strata. Bitterfeld amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Goitzsche (Bitterfeld).</p>
            <p>Description. Length 1.5 (paratypes)— 1.65 mm (holotype); moderately convex, elongate; uniformly light brown. Upper surface of body glabrous. Body length 2.1× maximum body width. Elytral length 4.6× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes very large and prominent, hemispherical, coarsely faceted, adjacent to hind margin of head; interocular space narrower than one ocular diameter; temples narrow; apical maxillary palpomere acute, triangular; apical labial palpomere elongate, oval. Vertex finely punctate. Antenna (Fig. 23 B) filiform, long, 11-segmented, sparsely pubescent; reaching middle of elytra when folded backward; pedicel shortest in length, globular; apical antennomere tear-shaped (widest in second half); antennomere length ratios: 5-2.5-8-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-8.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum transverse (Fig. 23 A), widest posterad to middle; glabrous; finely and densely punctate; without visible pubescence; with two deep sub-triangular lateral impressions at anterior angles. Scutellum transverse, truncate. Elytron glabrous, moderately convex, slightly depressed on disc; subparallel; width 0.56× length; punctation irregular, coarse, dense, slightly rugose on disc. Elytral pubescence absent.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II well-defined laterally, obsolete and fine medially.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metatarsomere I slightly longer than metatarsomeres II-IV combined.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Palaeocnopus glabricornis sp. nov. is distinctly more robust and with a lightly colored integument when compared with other amber species of  Palaeocnopus . This newly described species can be distinguished from P. s ae t i c o r ni s by the absence of setae on the antennae, absence of pubescence on the elytra, and the different ratios of the antennomeres (segment II is almost round, segment III longer than IV–VII, ultimate antennomere tearshaped). The sub-basal pronotal impressions of  P. glabricornis sp. nov. are small, shallow, and pit-shaped. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD0FF9AFF0CFE6E4D72F944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
E7539306FFD0FF84FF0CF8BC4CE1FC77.text	E7539306FFD0FF84FF0CF8BC4CE1FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeocnopus mara	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeocnopus mara sp. nov. Alekseev &amp; Grzymala </p>
            <p>(Figs. 24, 32–35)</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype No. 890-1 [CCHH], possible female (Figs. 34–35). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, yellow-orange in color and the amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. The syninclusions are represented by one trichome. Paratype No. 609-3 [CCHH], possible female.</p>
            <p> The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, yellow-orange in color, without any further fixation. The piece is small, irregular in form, with maximum length 14 mm and maximum width 11 mm. The syninclusions are represented by one spider and one trichome. Paratype No. 868-2 [CCHH], possible female. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, yellow in color. The amber piece was subjected to thermal and high-pressure processing in an autoclave. The amber piece is embedded in polyester resin. The syninclusions are represented by one tipulid (Diptera), one mymarid (  Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) and two trichomes. Paratype No. AWI-063 [CVIA], possible female. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber, yellow-orange in color, without any further fixation. The amber piece was subjected to thermal and high-pressure processing in an autoclave. The piece is elongate, with maximum length 25 mm and maximum width 12 mm. The syninclusions are represented by one trichome and four ultimate tarsomeres of a large insect (the length of the inclusion is 2.5 mm). Paratype No. AWI-105 [CVIA], possible female (Figs. 36–37). The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent yellow amber, without any further fixation. The piece is flat, with maximum length 30 mm and maximum width 18 mm. The syninclusions are represented by one Nematocera (Diptera) and one  Coleoptera larva (body length 1.2 mm). </p>
            <p> Etymology. Noun in apposition. In Baltic (Prussian, Latvian) mythology,  Mara is the Deity of destiny and cares for cattle, appearing in the form of a black beetle or black snake. </p>
            <p>Type strata. Bitterfeld amber. Eocene.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Goitzsche (Bitterfeld).</p>
            <p>Description. Length 1.4–1.75mm (1.5 mm—No. 890-1; 1.75 mm—No. 609-3; 1.4mm—No. 868-2; 1.5mm— No. AWI-063; 1.75mm—No. AWI-105); moderately convex, elongate; uniformly dark brown, appendages light brown or rufous (specimen AWI-105 uniformly light brown). Upper surface glabrous. Body length 2.8× maximum body width. Elytral length 4.7× pronotal length.</p>
            <p>Head. Eyes large, oval, coarsely faceted,very narrowly separated from hind margin of head; interocular space wider than one ocular diameter; temples narrow; apical maxillary palpomere acute, triangular. Vertex finely punctate. Antenna (Fig. 33 B) filiform, 11-segmented, no apparent pubescence; reaching to basal third of elytra when folded backward; pedicel shortest in length, globe-shaped; antennomere length ratios: 4-2-4-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-5.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 33 A) transverse, widest posterad to middle; glabrous; finely and densely punctate; without visible pubescence; with two deep sub-triangular lateral impressions at anterior angles. Scutellum transverse, in form of slightly rounded rectangle. Elytron glabrous, moderately convex, slightly depressed on disc; subparallel; width 0.42× length; punctation irregular, moderate, dense.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Separation of abdominal ventrite I and abdominal ventrite II visible laterally, obsolete medially. Each abdominal ventrite finely punctate.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metatarsomere I equal in length to metatarsomeres II–IV combined.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Palaeocnopus mara sp. nov. differs from  P. densipunctatus by the scarcely punctured vertex, by the shape of the basal pronotal impressions and slightly different antennomere ratios. This species has the vertex less densely punctate, the elytra longer, the pronotal impressions shallower, and the first metatarsomere shorter in comparison with those characters of  P. saeticornis . The elytra of  P. mara sp. nov. are not pubescent in comparison to those of  P. glabricornis , but the elytra of the latter are distinctly shorter and have coarse punctation. </p>
            <p> Note. This species, described as new on the basis of possibly female specimens (according to the antennal structure and wide interocular space), could belong to an amber species described earlier in this paper on the basis of possible male specimens— f. ex. to  P. saeticornis or with less probability to  P. glabricornis . Such doubts are common in paleontological descriptions, and could be confirmed or discarded by finding a  Palaeocnopus beetle pair “ in copula ” in the future. This newly described species (like  P. glabricornis and  P. saeticornis ) is found in the Bitterfeld and in the true Eastern (the Sambian) Baltic amber, and is comparatively abundant. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7539306FFD0FF84FF0CF8BC4CE1FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alekseev, Vitalii I.;Grzymala, Traci L.	Alekseev, Vitalii I., Grzymala, Traci L. (2015): New Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Zootaxa 3956 (2): 239-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.5
