taxonID	type	description	language	source
E262D664F47DFFC08691FF16FC8DFE0F.taxon	description	Biometry. Body length of final instar larva 18.2 to 22.0 mm, head width 1.24 to 1.34 mm (n = 2). Chaetotaxonomy according to Williams & Wiggins (1981) and Friedrich et al. (2015), anal proleg terminology following Nielsen (1942). Head. Head capsule elongate, mean length: width ratio 1.33, lateral margins slightly convex with maximum width at height of posterior tip of frontoclypeal apotome (Fig. 1); surface finely wrinkled. Base coloration yellow, with conspicuous reddish brown, oval muscle attachment spots on dorsal, ventral, and lateral sides of parietalia, on frontoclypeal apotome, and along coronal suture (Figs. 1 – 3). Additional brown pigmentation on parietalia, dorsally from posterior frontoclypeal suture along posterior coronal suture to foramen occipitale, laterally from setae # 12 and # 14 to apophysis of foramen occipitale and ventrally, from foramen occipitale to center of parietalia (Figs. 1 – 3). On each parietal, setae # 7, # 9, # 12, # 14, # 15, and # 16 long and conspicuous (Fig. 1). Frontoclypeal apotome with deep central constriction, 5 pairs of primary setae, dark brown anterior margin, and U-shaped light brown pigmented area posterior of central constriction including 4 – 5 light muscle attachment spots (Fig. 1). Antennae inconspicuous, close to anterior parietal border, with short flagellum (not visible in Fig. 1). Yellowish labrum with 6 pairs of primary setae (Fig. 1). Ventral apotome (Fig. 2 va) shaped like isosceles triangle, dark brown, with thickened anterior border (Figs. 2, 4). Sclerites of maxillolabium yellowish brown; lateral borders of cardines, stipites, and mentum dark brown to black (Fig. 4). Mandibles medium brown, almost black apically, and asymmetrical (Fig. 4): right mandible with short, stout basal tooth (Fig. 4 bt), lacking on left mandible and replaced there by straight cutting edge (Fig. 4 ce). Each mandible with apical tooth (Fig. 4 at) and 2 lateral setae (Fig. 4, arrows). Thorax. Pronotum fully covered by 2 large sclerites with their maximum widths at insertions of setae # 7 and 9; sclerites tapering anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral borders slightly concave (Fig. 5). Pronotal sclerites yellowish, each with reddish brown muscle attachment spots over light brown pigmentation creating arrow-shaped pattern pointing mesad (Fig. 5). In addition, oval concentrations of muscle attachment spots in posterolateral sections of sclerites, each with seta # 5 near its anterior border. Additional muscles attachment spots and narrow stripes of pigment bordering posterior half of median suture (Fig. 5). Posterior margin thick and black, with pair of semicircular posterior submesal bulges each with yellow center (Fig. 5 pm) and posterolateral prolongations (Fig. 3 pp). Posterolateral border of pronotal sclerites with black stripe fading laterally, absent anterior of insertion of seta # 9; with thin black stripe above insertions of setae # 9 and # 7 (Fig. 3). Pronotal notch at anterolateral corner semicircular, with 2 long setae (Figs. 3 and 5, # 22, # 23) and 3 tiny setae (Fig. 5, dotted oval). Prosternal horn lacking, prosternite ill-defined, quadrangular, yellowish white (Fig. 2 p). Meso- and metathoraces totally unsclerotized, with pale purplish-blue coloured areas subdivided by whitish longitudinal and transversal stripes; each with single pair of anterior (setal area 1 = sa 1) setae and pair of groups of one long and two tiny posterior (setal area 2 = sa 2) setae. Procoxae each with triangular conical basal process (Fig. 3 bp) touching ventral extension of black pleural suture (Fig. 3 ps). Dorsal apex of pleural suture close to posterolateral prolongations of pronotum (Fig. 3 pp). Proepisternum small, quadrangular, yellowish brown; pro-epimeron very narrow, creating yellowish ventral plate below pleural suture (Fig. 3 em). Protrochantin triangular, yellow, with dark posterior tip and dark dorsal and ventral borders (Fig. 3 tr); its anterior process finger-shaped, bearing seta # 10 (Fig. 6). Episterna and epimera of meso- and metathoraces almost completely reduced to black vertical pleural sutures (Fig. 9 ps), fused with horizontal trochantin bearing seta # 10 (Lepneva 1964; seta # 10 hidden by thoracic gill in Fig. 9). Legs yellowish brown, with forefemora distinctly wider than mid- and hind femora, and sclerite borders dark brown to black (Figs. 6 – 9). Counts of long setae on each leg as follows: coxa 5 (# 1, # 3, # 4, # 5, # 6; Figs. 6, 9), trochanter 5 (# 3 – # 6 visible in anterior view), femur 6 (# 1, # 2, # 5, and # 6 visible in anterior view), tibia 6 (# 3 – # 6 and one secondary seta visible in anterior view), tarsus 4 (# 1 – # 4; Fig. 6). Tarsal claws sickle-shaped, pointed (in Fig. 6, tarsal claw heavily worn), with basal spur originating from conical base (Figs. 6 – 8). Abdomen. Abdomen slightly depressed (flattened dorsoventrally), with purplish – blue dorsal colouration subdivided by whitish lines. Laterally and ventrally pale cream coloured. Each segment with 2 pairs of long dorsal primary setae (Fig. 10, setae # 2, # 5), one pair of tetrafilament lateral gills (Fig. 10), and pair of ventral setae # 10 (Fig. 11). Lateral fringe lacking. Abdominal dorsum IX covered by large, yellow quadrangular sclerite with black anterior and posterior borders and dark brown markings and pair of lateral black projections; setae # 2 and # 3 inserted on sclerite, seta # 4 on posterior edge and seta # 5 inserted on small isolated posterolateral sclerite (Figs. 11, 12). With tufted, white anal gills (Figs. 11, 12 ag). Anal proleg sclerites yellowish brown, with dark brown borders and dark brown suture between anterior and posterior parts of proximal sclerite ’ b’ (Fig. 11). Each proleg having proximal sclerite ’ b’ (Fig. 11 pb) with oblique dark bar of suture extending onto strong basoventral hook (Fig. 11 h) anteriorly and with long terminal sword process (Fig. 11 sp) posteriorly; distal sclerite ’ b’ with dorsal hornlike process with blunt tip (Fig. 11 bd). Ventral sclerite ‘ c’ nearly round (Fig. 11 c). Ventral sclerite (Fig. 11 bv) with short median seta. Anal claw (ac) partially divided by ventral membrane into proximal and distal sections, latter fitted with two short basoventral teeth (Fig. 11, arrow). Anal claw teeth perpendicular to longitudinal axis of anal claw; distal anal claw tooth shorter than half anal claw width at distal tooth insertion (Fig. 11 arrow).	en	Waringer, Johann, Malicky, Hans (2019): Identification and morphology of a rhyacophilid caddisfly larva from Cyprus: Rhyacophila aphrodite Malicky 1975. Zootaxa 4623 (3): 563-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.8
E262D664F47EFFC48691FDBEFE60FEE7.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution Our collection site of Rhyacophila aphrodite was a small, shady stream over volcanic bedrock (Troodos ophiolite from Upper Cretaceous; Geological Survey Department 2019), close to the Byzantine Trooditissa Monastery in the Troodos mountain range between Agios Dimitrios and Pano Platres (Limassol Province). With respect to distribution, R. aphrodite is a micro-endemic species of Cyprus (Malicky, 2005 a, 2005 b; Graf et al. 2008; Neu et al. 2018) and one of only 5 endemic species known from this island, highlighting the low degree of endemism of Cypriotic Trichoptera when compared with other islands. The other four endemic species comprise one hydroptilid (Stactobia urania Malicky 1976 b), one polycentropodid (Polycentropus milikuri Malicky 1975), and two hydropsychids (Hydropsyche discreta Tjeder 1952, H. adspersa Navás 1932) (Malicky 2005 b). This may be due to the fact that Cyprus is not very isolated and that faunal connections are prominent with Asia Minor, the Caucasus area, and, to some extent, also with Palestine. Interestingly, R. aphrodite belongs to a group of Rhyacophilidae species restricted to Europe and characterized by small, species – specific distribution ranges spread all over the Mediterranean (‘ paleomediterranean disjunction type’ sensu Malicky 2005 b). It is similar to R. gudrunae Malicky 1972, a micro-endemic species of Crete, and several west-Mediterranean Rhyacophila taxa in Corsica, Sardinia, the Pyrenees, and the Apennine and Iberian Peninsula. The streams on Cyprus lack longitudinal zonation patterns observed in other European running waters: the potamal region is lacking due to the restricted stream length, and distinct krenal communities are replaced by an impoverished stream fauna (Malicky 1976 a). However, three island-specific longitudinal zones can be observed on Cyprus: (1) a spring-brook zone with cold water (up to 9 ° C water temperature) at approximately 1600 m a. s. l. in the Troodos Mountains; (2) an intermediate zone from approximately 1500 down to 900 m a. s. l.; and (3) a zone below 800 m a. s. l. Interestingly, only the intermediate zone (2) has a relatively rich fauna whereas the spring brooks within zone (1) are poor in species, but high in abundance for the few species that occur in them, as demonstrated by Plectrocnemia renetta Malicky 1975. On the other hand, the lowland zones of Cyprus are composed mainly of hydroptilids, in addition to Agapetus caucasicus and Polycentropus milikuri Malicky 1975 (Malicky 1976 a). Our larval material of R. aphrodite has been collected in the species-rich intermediate zone (2).	en	Waringer, Johann, Malicky, Hans (2019): Identification and morphology of a rhyacophilid caddisfly larva from Cyprus: Rhyacophila aphrodite Malicky 1975. Zootaxa 4623 (3): 563-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.8
E262D664F47EFFC48691FDBEFE60FEE7.taxon	discussion	Larval mandible morphology is very close to that of R. rougemonti McLachlan 1880 (Waringer & Malicky 2018), the latter classified as a predator preying on a wide spectrum of aquatic invertebrates (Graf et al. 2008); presumably, R. aphrodite shares this feeding type. With respect to phenology, final instar larvae were present in the streams of Cyprus at the end of April, and the male holotype, together with several adult paratypes, were sampled on 11 May (Malicky 1975). However, the full duration of the flight period remains unknown; the closely similar species R. gudrunae is on the wing from May to December (Malicky 2005 b).	en	Waringer, Johann, Malicky, Hans (2019): Identification and morphology of a rhyacophilid caddisfly larva from Cyprus: Rhyacophila aphrodite Malicky 1975. Zootaxa 4623 (3): 563-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.8
