identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DD531D17E264FFE609E9BE7D1EF82C7A.text	DD531D17E264FFE609E9BE7D1EF82C7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium Swartz 1801	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the species of  Diplazium in Thailand </p>
            <p>1a Fronds simple .....................................................................................................................................................................................2</p>
            <p>1b Fronds compound ...............................................................................................................................................................................3</p>
            <p> 2a Lamina cordate; scale margins entire ...................................................................................................................... 4.  D. cordifolium</p>
            <p> 2b Lamina oblong; scale margins toothed................................................................................................................. 27.  D. subserratum</p>
            <p>3a Fronds unipinnate ...............................................................................................................................................................................4</p>
            <p>3b Fronds bipinnate ...............................................................................................................................................................................23</p>
            <p>4a Rhizome creeping...............................................................................................................................................................................5</p>
            <p>4b Rhizome erect.....................................................................................................................................................................................8</p>
            <p>5a Upper pinnae not reduced; terminal pinna distinct…………………………………………….........................................................6</p>
            <p>5b Upper pinnae gradually reduced; terminal pinna not distinct……………………………........ ........................................................7</p>
            <p> 6a Terminal pinna simple ................................................................................................................................................ 6.  D. donianum</p>
            <p> 6b Terminal pinna pinnatifid .................................................................................................................................... 29.  D. thailandicum</p>
            <p> 7a Veinlets simple or once forked, 3–4 pairs; sori cresentic, 2–3 mm long.......................................................................... 18.  D. petrii</p>
            <p> 7b Veinlets all free, 4–5 pairs; sori elongate along vein, 4–5 mm long ................................................................... 13.  D. mettenianum</p>
            <p>8a Scales entire........................................................................................................................................................................................9</p>
            <p>8b Scales toothed...................................................................................................................................................................................12</p>
            <p>9a Terminal pinna not distinct...............................................................................................................................................................10</p>
            <p>9b Terminal pinna distinct .....................................................................................................................................................................19</p>
            <p> 10a Stipes and rachis tomentose................................................................................................................................... 30.  D. tomentosum</p>
            <p>10b Stipes and rachis glabrous ................................................................................................................................................................11</p>
            <p> 11a Auricle at basiscopic base of pinnule distinct; pinnae-stalks 4–5 mm long…..…….……..……................................ 14.  D. mixtum</p>
            <p> 11b Auricle not distinct; pinnae-stalks less than 3 mm long............................................................................................... 9.  D. holttumii</p>
            <p>12a Terminal pinna distinct .....................................................................................................................................................................13</p>
            <p>12b Terminal pinna not distinct...............................................................................................................................................................15</p>
            <p>13a Lateral pinnae 10–15 pairs; terminal pinna subdeltoid, unlike lateral pinnae; lobed at margin.......................................................14</p>
            <p> 13b Lateral pinnae 3–5 pairs; terminal pinna similar to lateral one, entire at margin.................................................... 1.  D. bantamense</p>
            <p> 14b Veins anastomosing; pinnae subentire to crenate at margin; gemmae absent .................................................... 12.  D. megaphyllum</p>
            <p> 14b Veins free; pinnae serrate at margin; gemmae usually present between rachis and pinnae .................................... 22.  D. proliferum</p>
            <p>15a Veins all free .....................................................................................................................................................................................16</p>
            <p> 15b Veins anastomosing .................................................................................................................................................. 7.  D. esculentum</p>
            <p>16a Pinnae subentire or crenate at margin; auricle present at acroscopic base.......................................................................................17</p>
            <p>16b Pinnae lobed at margin; auricle absent…….....................................................................................................................................18</p>
            <p> 17a Veinlets 1–2 pairs; pinnules 2.5–4 cm broad; distinctly auricled at base................................................................ 19.  D. phanerotis</p>
            <p> 17b Veinlets 3–4 pairs; pinnules 1–1.5 cm broad; moderately auricled at base ............................................................ 28.  D. sylvaticum</p>
            <p>1 ∗ Following floristic format, references like this are not listed in References but can be found in Tropicos or IPNI.</p>
            <p> 18a Pinnae suddenly becoming smaller upwards, stalks up to 2 cm long ....................................................................... 23.  D. siamense</p>
            <p> 18b Pinnae gradually becoming smaller upwards, stalks less than 0.5 cm long........................................................ 25.  D. sorzogonense</p>
            <p>19a Lateral pinnae more than 10 pairs; pinnae 2 cm wide; veins all free ...............................................................................................20</p>
            <p>19b Lateral pinnae less than 7 pairs; pinnae more than 3 cm wide; veins anastomosing .......................................................................21</p>
            <p> 20a Veinlets 1 pairs, stalks 1–2 mm long.......................................................................................................................... 16.  D. pallidum</p>
            <p> 20b Veinlets more than 1 pairs, stalks more than 3 mm long...................................................................................... 26.  D. subintegrum</p>
            <p> 21a Pinnae ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, obtuse at base; gemmae usually present at junction between rachis and base of pinnae ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4.  D. cordifolium</p>
            <p>21b Pinnae oblong, acuminate at apex, acute at base; gemmae absent………………….…..................................................................22</p>
            <p> 22a Fronds less than 40 cm long; pinnae 2–4 pairs...................................................................................................... 8.  D. fraxinifolium</p>
            <p> 22b Fronds up to 60 cm long; pinnae 4–7 pairs ........................................................................................................ 31.  D. xiphophyllum</p>
            <p>23a Rhizome creeping ............................................................................................................................................................................25</p>
            <p>23b Rhizome erect or ascending..............................................................................................................................................................27</p>
            <p> 24a Scales with black margin....................................................................................................................................... 3.  D. conterminum</p>
            <p>24b Scales concolorous ...........................................................................................................................................................................25</p>
            <p>25a Sori curved or cresentic usually lie on acroscopic veinlets of vein group .......................................................................................26</p>
            <p> 25b Sori oblong, usually lie on all veinlets .................................................................................................................. 21.  D. procumbens</p>
            <p> 26a Sori submarginal, 2–3.5 mm long .................................................................................................................................... 18.  D. petrii</p>
            <p> 26b Sori close to costule, 3–5 mm long ..................................................................................................................... 11.  D. leptophyllum</p>
            <p>27a Scales with black margins ...............................................................................................................................................................28</p>
            <p>27b Scales with no black margins ..........................................................................................................................................................33</p>
            <p>28a Sori oblong, usually less than 3 mm long.........................................................................................................................................29</p>
            <p>28b Sori linear, usually more than 5 mm long .......................................................................................................................................30</p>
            <p> 29a Sori close to midrib of lobe ................................................................................................................................ 19.  D. polypodioides</p>
            <p> 29b Sori medial between margin and midrib of lobe ................................................................................................... 10.  D. kappanense</p>
            <p>30a Veins free; pinnules lobed at margin ...............................................................................................................................................31</p>
            <p> 30b Veins anastomosing; pinnules subentire at margin................................................................................................... 7.  D. esculentum</p>
            <p>31a Pinnule sessile, base subtruncate to truncate....................................................................................................................................32</p>
            <p> 31b Pinnules stalked, base minutely cordate...................................................................................................................... 5.  D. dilatatum</p>
            <p> 32a Pinnules crenate to lobe at margin, apexlong-acuminate ................................................................................. 24.  D. simplicivenium</p>
            <p> 32b Pinnules subentire to serrate at margin, apex acute to acuminate ................................................................................ 17.  D. petelotii</p>
            <p> 33a Pinnae and pinnule subopposite to opposite; sori close to costule.................................................................................. 2.  D. bellum</p>
            <p> 33b Pinnae and pinnule alternate; sori not close to costule............................................................................................ 15.  D. muricatum</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E264FFE609E9BE7D1EF82C7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E26BFFE409E9BED018F82D21.text	DD531D17E26BFFE409E9BED018F82D21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium bantamense Blume. A 1828	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Diplazium bantamense Blume (1828: 191) . Fig. 3. </p>
            <p>  Type : INDONESIA. Java, J  .   C. van Hasselt s.n. (holotype L0051547!)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stem erect or ascending, 1.0– 2.5 cm diameter, covered with scales on younger part; scales, 8–10 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate, long-tail at apex, dark brown, margin thick and irregularly toothed. Fronds up to 60 cm, imparipinnate; petioles up to 35 cm, 0.4–0.5 cm diameter, brown, dark at lower portion, grooved above. Laminae 20–25 × 18–25 cm, oblong in outline, glabrous, subcoriaceous, dark green; terminal pinna distinct, like lateral one, gemmae often present at junction between rachis and costa of terminal pinna; lateral pinnae 3–4 pairs, alternate, 10–20 × 4–5 cm, ovate-lanceolate, shortly-stalked, 2–4 mm, apex acuminate, base round to acute, margin entire or subentire; veins free, simple or onec forked, extending to margin. Sori more than 1 cm, elongate along veins, longest on acroscopic veinlets of vein group, indusiate; indusia thin. Spores monolete, 62.5–67.5 × 30–40 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —SOUTH-WESTERN:Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huaiyang waterfalls); SOUTH-EASTERN:Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron); PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Khao Khieo range), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Khao Nan), Trang (Khao Chong), Songkla (Ton Nga Chang national Park), Satun (Kao Khao Yai), Yala (Ban Chana, Ban Malao, Banang Sata, Betong), Narathiwat (Hala-bala).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slopes near streams in dense evergreen forests at low to medium elevations.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 14535 (BM); Satun, Kao Khao Yai, Alun 14535 (K); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 754 (B); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3704 (B); ibid., E. Hennipman 3784 (BM); ibid., E. Hennipman 3885 (L), Songkla, Ton Nga Chang national Park,  K. Larsen et al. 45770 (QBG); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  K. Larsen et al. 45868 (QBG); no locality, Kerr 14535 (K); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T5303 (L); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, N. Putthisawong 88 (PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 32 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 33 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 36 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 39 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 62 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 63 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 124 (BCU); Chanthaburi, Pong Nam Ron, P. Suksathan 4462 (QBG); Narathiwat,Hala-bala, T. Boonkerd &amp; R. Pollawatn 293 (BCU); Yala, Betong, T. BoonKerd 1165 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 237 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 238 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 416 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 451 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T.B., S.C. &amp; W.K. 140 (BCU); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 190 (BCU). INDONESIA. Java, A. Ernst 960 (K); Kalimantan, Burley &amp; J.S. Tukirin 518 (K); Sumatra, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Java, D.R. Pleyte 100 (K); ibid., D.R. Pleyte 101 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 507 (K); ibid., E. Gardette 508 (K); ibid., E. Gardette 509 (K); ibid., E. Gardette 510 (K); Sunda, E. Schmutz F96 (K); Kalimantan, F.H. Endert 4214 (K); Sulawesi, H.A.B. Bünnemeijer11212 (K); Sumatra, J.A. Lörzing 14730 (K); Java, M. Raciborski s.n. (K); Tehoru, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C11295 (K); ibid., M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C14038 (K); Seram Mansuela Nat. Park, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C14352 (K); Tehoru, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C14419 (K); Seram Mansuela Nat. Park, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C1688 (K); ibid., M.Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C1689 (K); Java, N. Wirawan 172 (K); Java, PE-BO Team s.n. (PE); Java, V.F. Schiffner 189 (K); Sumatra, W. Hancock 34 (K); Sumatra, Wardi et al. BOHK305 (K). MALAYSIA. Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2915 (K); Pahang, B. Molesworth-Allen 2377 (K); Sarawak C. Hose 227 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Sarawak C.J. Brooks s.n. (K); Perak Dr. King’s Collector 5171, (K); ibid., Dr. King’s Collector 5171 (K); ibid., Dr. King’s Collector 8388 (K); ibid., Dr. King’s Collector 8388 (K); Selangor, G.H.Addison 37159 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 14229 (K); Perak, Hose., G.F. (K); Pahang, I.H. Burkill &amp; R.E. Holltum 1055 (K); Pahang, N. Wallich s.n. (K); Sarawak, P.W. Richards1557 (K); Pahang, R.E.Holltum 11473 (K); ibid., R.E. Holltum23344 (K); Perak, W. Robinson 41 (K); ibid., W. Robinson s.n. (K); Pahang, W.F. Mactier 38 (K); ibid., W.F. Mactier s.n. (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 9525 (K); Morobe, H. Streimann LAE45073 (K); Sogeri, H. Streimann LAE51613 (K); Morobe, R.D. Hoogland s.n. (K); New Ireland, J.R. Croft 193 (K); ibid., J.R. Croft 1947 (K); ibid., J.R. Croft 1975 (K); Misima Island, J.R. Croft 825 (K); ibid., J.R. Croft LAE686286 (K); Morobe, M.G. Bamler 30 (K); New Ireland, M.J.S. Sands, G.A. Pattison &amp; J.J. Wood 2146 (K); Morobe, O.G. Gideon 31 (K); New Britain, P.E. Stevens &amp; Y. Lelean LAE58640 (K); Eastern Highlands Mt., R.J. Johns NGF44642 (K); Madang, W. Takeuchi 11064 (K). PHILIPPINES. Luzon, A.D.E. Elmer 6222 (K); ibid., A.D.E. Elmer 9030 (K); Negros Gimogon River, E.B. Copeland 60 (K); Sulu Archipelago, F.W. Burbidge s.n. (K); Mindanao. R.S. Williams 2510 (K). </p>
            <p> Note: —This species is very similar to  D. donianum but differs in having erect rhizome and scales with irregularly toothed margins. Gemmae are usually found at the junction between the rachis and the costa of the terminal pinna. Its lower stalks, less than 5 mm long, are shorter than that of  D. donianum . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E26BFFE409E9BED018F82D21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E269FFE309E9BF331E6929EC.text	DD531D17E269FFE309E9BF331E6929EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium bellum (C. B. Clarke) Bir 1964	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Diplazium bellum (C.B. Clarke) Bir (1964:148) . Figs. 4, 5. </p>
            <p> Asplenium bellum C.B. Clarke (1880: 496) . </p>
            <p> Type: INDIA. Darjeeling District, Kalimpoon, 5000’, Bohtan [British Bhutan = Kalimpoong, Gorkhaland (W. Bengal)], C.B. Clarke 9484B (lectotype, K001089431! designated by Fraser-Jenkins 2008: 269; isolectotype K001089433!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stem massive, erect, up to 10 cm diameter, apex densely scaly; scale 10–14 × 0.1–0.2 cm, linear, concolorous, brown, margin entire. Fronds bipinnate, 1.3–1.7 m long; petioles 40–50 cm, 0.8–1.0 cm diameter, dark brown, scaly. Laminae 1.0–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 m, outline ovate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, base truncate, glabrous, papyraceous, dark green; rachis groove above, braring out growth at junction of stipe and rachis; pinnae 18–20 pairs, opposite, sessile, lower pairs largest, 35–40 × 13–15 cm, oblong, apex long acuminate, base truncate; pinnule 15–17 pairs, subopposite near base of pinnae but alternate near apex, sessile, the 3 rd to the 4 th pairs from base largest, 8–10 × 1–2. cm, oblong, apex long acuminate, base truncate, margin deeply lobed; lobe very deep about 4/5 way to midrib, 1.0 × 0.5 cm, oblong, apex round, margin slightly dentate; veins free, simple or onec forked, vein group pinnate, veinlet 5–6 pairs, reach to margin; Sori 1.5–2.0 × 1.0 mm, elliptic, on veinlet close to costule, indusiate. Sori totally warped by indusium; indusial membranous, irregulary dehiscing when mature; spores monolete, bilaterally symmetrical, kidney-shaped, 36.0–41.5 × 28–33 µm; perispore present; ornamentation: irregular.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang mai (Doi Pha Hom Pok, Doi Inthanon).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Bhutan, India, Nepal, China and Myanma.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On shady slopes near streamlets in evergreen forests at 1,700–2,000 m.elev.</p>
            <p> Conservation Status: —A small population was found at one locality in Thailand. However, it is distributed in many countries of Asia. Thus, we consider that  D. bellum should be registering as “Least Concern (LC)” according to IUCN Conservation Status (IUCN., 2012). </p>
            <p>Specimens Examined: —THAILAND. Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 346 (BCU); Chiang Mai, Doi Pha Hom Pok, P. Pongkai 138 (BCU); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, E. Hennipman 3434, 3435, 3436 (L); No locality, Hansen, B. et al. 10930 (K). INDIA. Sikkim, Clarke, C.B. 9484, 26399 (K); C.R. Fraser-Jenkins 3279, 3298 (L).</p>
            <p> Note: —This species is very similar to  D. ovatum but differs in having ascending or erect rhizomes. The rhizome size is more than 5 cm in diameter, veins simple or forked, and spores without ridge-shaped ornamentation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E269FFE309E9BF331E6929EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E26EFFE309E9B8771B912CC4.text	DD531D17E26EFFE309E9B8771B912CC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium conterminum Christ. A 1905	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Diplazium conterminum Christ (1905: 67) . Fig. 6. </p>
            <p> Type: VIETNAM. Annam, vallée du Long-Gianh, Cadière 88 (lectotype P02143203!, designated by Pacheco &amp; Moran (2003: 91)) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stem long creeping, 0.5–1.0 cm diameter, densely scaly on younger part; scales 10–12 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, linear with long tail apex, dark brown to nearly black, margin thick and toothed. Fronds about 1 m, bipinnate; petioles up to 50 cm, 0.5–1.0 cm diameter, glabrous, brown, dark at lower portion. Laminae 47–53 × 38–42 cm, subdeltoid in outline, glabrous, papyraceous, dark green, terminal pinna not distinct; lateral pinnae 6–8 pairs, alternate, 27–30 × 10–15 cm, long stalk, up to 4 cm, gradually narrowing towards acute apex; pinnules 8–10 pairs, alternate, 6–8 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, sessile or shortly stalked, oblong, apex acuminate, base cordate or subtruncate, margin crenate to lobed; veins 4–5 pairs, pinnate. Sori 1–2 mm, oblong, usually in middle of each veinlet or submarginal, indusiate; indusia thin but firm; spores monolete, 47.5–57.5 × 32.5–37.0 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: labryrinth.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao), Phitsanulok (Phu Hin Rong kla, Phu Miang,); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao); PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — China, Japan and Vietnam.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slopes in dense forests at elevations of 900–1,500 m.</p>
            <p>Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chantaburi, Khao Soi Dao, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T7204 (L); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla P. Pongkai 15 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, Mun Dang Waterfalls, P. Pongkai 109 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Phu Miang, T. Shimizu et al. T11603 (BKF, L). CHINA. Guizhou, anonymous 1791 (PE).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E26EFFE309E9B8771B912CC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E26EFFFE09E9BF6F1F632CB0.text	DD531D17E26EFFFE09E9BF6F1F632CB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium cordifolium Blume 1828	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Diplazium cordifolium Blume (1828: 190) . Fig. 7. </p>
            <p>  Type: INDONESIA. Java,  Kapala Tjibeureum , J.  C. Van Hasselt s.n. (lectotype L0051534, designated by Hovenkamp 2019: 61)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrials. Stems erect, 1–2 cm diameter, apex covered with scales; scales 6–12 × 1–1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate with long tail apex, margins thick, dark brown, margin entire. Fronds 65–70 cm, usually simple or sometime imparipinnate; petioles up to 40 cm, 3–5 cm diameter, dark green when living, stramineous to brown when dried, lower part black, grooved above. Laminae, simple laminae, 25–30 × 8–12 cm, cordate or narrowly cordate, apex acuminate, base cordate, margin subentire to undulate, glabrous, coriaceous, dark green; midrib distinctly raised beneath, glabrous; veins branching a few times near midrib and uniting to form irregularly-anastomosing vein near margin; gemmae usually present at base of lamina between stipe and midrib; imparipinnate lamina, 25–30 × 14–20 cm, ovate in outline, terminal pinna present, usually bigger than lateral ones, 12–15 × 4–5 cm, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base obtuse, margin entire to subentire; lateral pinnae 3–4 pairs, alternate, 10–15 × 3–5 cm, becoming smaller upward, lower pinnae largest, sessile, bearing gemmae at junction between rachis and costa, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base cordate to obtuse, margin subentire, glabrous, coriaceous, dark green; vein anastomosing. Sori up to 4 cm, elongate along anastomosing veinlets, on both side of each veinlet, indusiate; indusia thin but persistent; spore monolete, 47.5–50 × 35–45 µm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Lang Suan), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Khao Nan), Trang (Khao Chong, Khao Pad Pha), Narathiwat (Ban Phu Klong Thong, Waeng), Pattani, Songkhla, Yala (Ban Chana).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia and Papua New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist sandy mountain slopes in dense gloomy forests at 800–1,100 elev., locally fairly abundant.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chumphon, Lang Suan, A.F.  G.Kerr 12008 (BK,BM); Trang, C.Apasutaya 125 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, C. Thorat 135 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 944 (L, PE); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3815 (BKF, BM, L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  K. Larsen et al. 45926 (L, QBG); Trang, Khao Chong,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4631 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4833 (L); Trang, Khao Chong,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T6816 (L); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, N. Putthisawong 36 (PSU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, P. Pongkai 34 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 37 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 42 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 60 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 121 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Suksathan 1067 (QBG); Trang, Khao Pad Pha, R. geesink, T. Haltink &amp; C.C. Charaenpol 7286 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, S. Sutisorn 824 (BK); Narathiwat, Ban Phu Klong Thong, T. Boonkerd 1516 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, T. Boonkerd s.n. (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 8 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 240 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 491 (BCU). INDONESIA. Seram Manusela National Park, B.S. Parris 11121 (K); Java, Blume s.n. (L); Sulawesi, E. Hennipman 5195 (K); Kalimantan, K. Iwatski, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B2171 (K); Seram Manusela National Park, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; U.W. Mahjar C1220 (K); Seram Manusela National Park, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C11676 (K); Borneo, R.E. Holttum 25139 (PE); ibid., R.E. Holttum 25140 (PE); Pahang, R.E. Holttum 31219 (PE); Jaya, R.J. Johns 8189 (K). MALAYSIA. Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2994 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 3103 (K); Kinabalu, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxal 9131 (K); Sarawak, B.S. Parris 6470 (K); Sarawak, B.S. Parris 6629 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Penang, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Sabah, G. Stort &amp; P.  van Amdjah 359 (K); Perak, J. Sinclair &amp;  Kiah 38745 (K); Sabah, P.S. Shim San75407 (K); Sabah, Pearce 3 (K); no locality, R. Schlechter 17821 (PE); Penang, W. Norris 19 (K); Penang, W.B. Lorrain s.n. (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe, A. Kairo 26 (K); Torricelli Mts., F.R.R. Schlechter 14404 (K); Kaiser-Wilhelmsland Ibo Mountains, F.R.R. Schlechter 17821 (K); Madang, H.J. Gay &amp; F.J. Parrott 671 (K); Morobe, J. Manseima 10 (K); Manus Island, M.J.S. Sands G.A. Pattison &amp; J.J. Wood 2923 (K); Morobe,  T. Nakaike 54 (K); Morobe, W. Takeuchi 7396 (K); East Sepik Province, W. Takeuchi et al. 17862 (K). PHILIPPINES. Mindoro Subaan River, Ridsdale, Coode &amp; Reynoso 5585 (K). </p>
            <p>Note: —This species has two forms of fronds but pinnate frond is rarely found.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E26EFFFE09E9BF6F1F632CB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E273FFFC09E9BEC31A2A2E24.text	DD531D17E273FFFC09E9BEC31A2A2E24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium dilatatum Blume 1828	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Diplazium dilatatum Blume (1828: 194) . Fig. 8. </p>
            <p> Type: INDONESIA. Java, Blume s.n. (lectotype L0051552!, designated here; isolectotype K000472211!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems massive, erect, densely covered with scales at apex; scales about 10–15 × 1–2 mm, linear with long tail apex, brown to dark brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds 1.5–1.7 m, bipinnate; petioles 50–70 cm, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, darkgreen, black at lower portion, densely scaly at base, grooved above. Laminae 1.0 × 0.6–0.7 m, deltoid in outline, terminal pinna not distinct; pinnae 6–10 pairs, alternate, 20–30 × 10–20 cm, stalks distinct, 1.0– 1.2 cm, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, hairy along the rachis and underneath the leaves, papyraceous, green; pinnules 10–12 pairs, alternate, 8–10 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, sessile or shortly stalked, oblong, apex acuminate, base subtruncate, truncate to cordate, margin subentire to lobed; lobes ¼ to ½ way to costule; veins all free, veinlets 4–6 pairs simple or once forked. Sori 4–5 mm, elongate along veinlets, usually more than 5 mm long, diplazoid, indusiate; indusia thin, firm, persistant. Spores monolete, 40.5–45.0 × 25.0–29.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Khun Huai Pong, Doi Suthep, Kang Kat, Doi Inthanon), Chiang Rai (Doi Pacho, Doi Langka, Mae Kok), Nan (Doi Phu Ka), Tak (Ban Musoe, Mae Sod, Umm Paang), Phitsanulok (Thung Salang Luang, Phu Rom Rot), Sukhothai (Ram Kham Heang National Park), Nakhon Sawan (Doi Musae); NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun (Phu Maing, Kaeng Ratchapruk), Loei (Na Haeo, Puh Kradueng, Phu Luang); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sa kaerat); SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai), Kanchanaburi (Khao Ngi Yai), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huaiyang waterfalls); CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai); SOUTH-EASTERN: Prachin Buri (Khao Yai), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao); PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Khao Khieo range), Phangnga (Khao Pok), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Khao Nan), Trang (Khao Chong), Satun, Yala (Muang Wing) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — India, Nepal, China, Taiwan Island, Japan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Australia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist or humus-rich mountain slopes in dense gloomy forests at 400–1,500 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens examine:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 14561 (BK); Nakhon Ratchasima, A.F.  G. Kerr 9928 (BM); Nakhon Ratchasima, A.F.  G. Kerr 9928 (BK); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, C. Phengklai et al. 7135 (L); Loei, Phu Luang C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 3074 (L); Guangdong, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Nakhon Sawan, Doi Musae, E. Hennipman 3005 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, E. Hennipman 3132 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, E. Hennipman 3132 (B); Loei, Phu Luang, E. Hennipman 3590 (L); Prachinburi, Khao Yai, E. Hennipman 3969 (L); Nakhon Sawan, Doi Musae, E. Hinnapman 3005 (BM); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, E. Hinnapman 3006 (BM); no locality Hansen &amp; Smitinand 12811 (K) Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, J.F. Maxwell 90-282 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, J.F. Maxwell 93- 109 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, J.F. Maxwell 93-747 (L); Sukhothai, Ram Kham Heang National Park, J.F. Maxwell 95-51 (L); Chiang Rai, Doi Langka, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T3568 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T3960 (L); Chantaburi, Khao Soi Dao, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T7184 (L); Chiang Rai, along Nam Mae Kok, K. Iwatsuki, N. Fukuoka, M. Hutoh &amp; D. Chaiglom T10916 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep,  M. Tagawa T3849 (L); Loei, Phu Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T1269 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T2654 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T31 (L); Trang, Khao Chong,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T6832 (L); Tak, Ban Musae,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki, H. Koyama &amp; A. Chintayungkun T8608 (BKF, L); Nan, Doi Phu Ka, P. Pongkai 10 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, P. Pongkai 13 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 14 (BCU); Loei, Phu Kradueng, P. Pongkai 24 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, P. Pongkai 41 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Krung Ching waterfalls, P. Pongkai 51 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 55 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 132 (BCU); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 149 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 288 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, P. Suksathan 1355 (QBG); Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao, P. Suksathan 4423 (QBG); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, Pteridophyte Trip 85 (BCU); Nakhon Ratchasima, Put 3579 (BK, BM), Ratchaburi, Suan Phueng, Suan Phueng trip 169 (BCU); Mae Sod, T. Boonkerd 1213 (BCU); Tak, Uum Paang, T. Boonkerd 1339 (BCU); Nakhon Ratchasima, Sa kaerat, T. Boonkerd 533 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 176 (BCU); Petchchabun, Kaeng Ratchapruk, T. Nachol 44 (BCU); Phetchabun, Phu Miang, T. Shimizu et al. T11360 (L); Loei, Phu Kradueng,, T. Shimizu et al. T23038 (L); No locality, T. Smitinand 6053 (K); Loei, Na Haeo, W. Nanakorn 8080 (QBG); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla W. Rattanathirakul 57 (BCU); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 21 (BCU). CHINA. Guangdong, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); no locality, Tsang 534 (K); ibis., 15907 (K). INDONESIA. Ruteng, A J.G.H. Kostermans &amp; Wirawan 666 (K); Jawa, C.L.Blume s.n. (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P Mogea B3738 (K). MALAYSIA. Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2977 (K); Pahang, B. Molesworth-Allen 3325 (K); Sabah B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 8913 (K); Sabah, J.H. Beaman, R.S. Beaman &amp; T.E. Beaman 10641 (K); Pahang, M.R. Henderson 23620 (K); Sabah, P.S. Shim San74948 (K); Pahang, R.E. Holttum 31334 (K); Sarawak, W.L. Chew 1037 (K). NEPAL. no locality, N. Wallich 203 (K); ibis., N. Wallich 209 (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 4448 (K); Northern District, C.E. Carr 15712 (K); East New Britain, G. Boyce 18 (K); South New Ireland, J.R. Croft 1961 (K); Northern District, R.D. Hoogland 4179 (K). </p>
            <p> Note: —According to Holttum (1960),  Diplazium dilalatum and  D. simplicivenium are differed in venation and stalk of pinnules. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E273FFFC09E9BEC31A2A2E24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E271FFFA09E9BC4F1F712C08.text	DD531D17E271FFFA09E9BC4F1F712C08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tardieu. A 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tardieu (1932: 58) . Fig. 9. </p>
            <p> Asplenium donianum Mettenius (1859: 177) . </p>
            <p>  Type : INDIA. Assam, W  .  Griffith s.n. (holotype K001089390) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems creeping, 3–5 mm diameter, covered with scales at apex; scales 4–6 × 1 mm, linear, dark brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds 50–60 cm, imparipinnate; petioles 20–30 cm, 5–6 mm diameter, green when living, brown when dried, black at lower portion, grooved above. Laminae 30–40 × 20–30 cm, oblong in outline, terminal pinna distinct from lateral one, glabrous, subcoriaceous, green; lateral pinnae 1–3 pairs, alternate, 15–20 × 3.5–5.0 cm, oblong or narrowly-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base acute or obtuse, margin entire or subentire, stalted; stalks 6–10 mm; costa grooved with minute hairs on adaxial surface; veins free, veinlet simple or forked, extending to margin. Sori more than 1 cm, elongate along veins, longest on acroscopic side of veinlets, indusiate; indusia thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 55–72.5 × 35–50 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep), Nan (Khao Nok), Tak (Doi Musoe), Phitsanulok (Thung Salaeng Luang); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Poom); CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi, Prachin Buri (Khao Yai), Trat (Koh Chang); PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (  Khao Luang , Khao Nan, Ron Phibun, Khiriwong), Satun. </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, Taiwan Island, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slopes in light shade or in dense evergreen forests, usually below 1,000 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 14535 (BK); no locality, A.F.  G. Kerr 9309 (BM); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Poom, A. Sathapattayanon 41(BCU); Loei, Phu Kradueng, E. Hennipman 3683 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3684 (L); ibis, E. Hennipman 3698 (L); Nakorn Ratchasima, Khao Yai, G. Murata, N. Fukuoka C. Phengklai T16254 (L); no locality, J.F. Maxwell 01–139 (L); Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, J.F. Maxwell 01–732 (L); Nakorn Ratchasima, Khao Yai, J.F. Maxwell 74–875 (BK, L); Prachinburi, Khao Yai, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T7392 (L); Prachinburi, Khao Yai,  K. Larsen, T. Smitinand &amp; E. Warncke 313 (L); Phisanulok, Tung Salaeng Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T2039 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4563 (L); ibis,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T5269 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki, H. Koyama &amp; A. Chintayungkun T14641 (L); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Poom, P. Pongkai 150 (BCU); ibis, P. Pongkai 152 (BCU), Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, P. Srisanga &amp; P. Suksathan 3246 (QBG); Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, S. Chongko 9 (L); Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, S. Chongko 9 (BKF); no locality, Sangkachun 749 (K); no locality, T. Smitinand 5908 (K); Nan, Khao Nok, W. La–ongsri et al. 1993 (QBG). CHINA. Hong Kong, Alexander s.n (K); Guangdong, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); no locality, D.E. Boufford &amp; B. Bartholomew 24963 (BM); no locality, W.T. Tsang 22367 (BM). JAPAN. K. Iwatsuki 3023 (BM); M. Ogata 133 (BM);  M. Tagawa 2733 (BM). SINGAPORE. T. Lobb 33 (K). TAIWAN ISLAND. T. Tanaka 367 (BM); VIETNAM. W.T. Tsang 29527 (K); MALAYSIA. Pahang, B. Molesworth–Allen 4170 (K). </p>
            <p> Note: —This species is similar to  Diplazium bantamense in the field, but can be separated from the latter by having creeping rhizome, lacking gemmae and having stalk more than 5 mm long. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E271FFFA09E9BC4F1F712C08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E277FFF809E9BE1B186C2FF4.text	DD531D17E277FFF809E9BE1B186C2FF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz 1803	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz (1803: 312) . Fig. 10. </p>
            <p> Hemionitis esculenta Retzius (1791: 38) . </p>
            <p>  Type : INDIA. J. G., Kӧnig s.n. (lectotype LD1122195!; fragment K001089389!; designated by Fischer, 1932: 75)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, up to 6 cm diameter, covered with scales at apex; scales 12–15 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, linear with long tail apex, brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds up to 1.30 m, bipinnate; petioles 50–70 cm, 0.5–1.0 cm diameter, dark green, glabrous or pubescent, dark brown and scaly at lower portion. Laminae 1–2 pinnate, variable in size, full-grown often more than 60 cm long, ovate-deltoid in outline; pinnae 6–8 pairs, alternate, about 35–40 × 25–30 cm, stalks about 8 cm long, longest at lower pinnae, oblong in outline, rather suddenly narrowing towards acute apex, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; pinnules 9–12 pairs, alternate, 8–10 × 1.5–2.0 cm, sessile, oblong, apex acuminate, base truncate or subtruncate; margin subentire to lobed; lobe about ¼ way to costule, apex round, margin serrulate; vein anastomosing, pinnate, veinlets of pinnate groups in each lobe up to 10 pairs, lower 2–3 pairs of adjacent groups anastomosing, forming an irregular intermediate excurrent veins leading towards a sinus between adjacent lobes. Sori elongate nearly the whole length of veinlets, often uniting with the opposite ones, indusiate; indusia elongate, thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 35–42.5 × 20–25 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: puslulate.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Mae La Noi, Mae Su Rin), Chiang Mai (Ban Mae Kon, Doi Chiang Dao, Fang, Mae Klang, Hang Dong, Kang Kat, Sop Aep), Chiang Rai (Khunkorn waterfalls, Mae Kok), Nan, (  Huai Sand village ), Lamphun (Mae Tha), Lampang (Jae Sawn), Phrae, Tak, Phitsanulok (Phu Hin Rong kla); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Nong Hin); EASTERN:Chiyaphum (Nam Phrom, Phu Kheaw); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Kroeng Kawia, Phomphi, Sai Yok, Takean Thong waterfalls), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huaiyang waterfalls); CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai), Saraburi (Muak Lek), Krung Thep (Bangkok); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri (Si Racha, Khao kiew), Prachin Buri, Rayong (Ban Khai); PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Khao Pok, Ban Don), Satun (Ban Dan), Yala (Ban Beujaw), Narathiwat (Waeng). </p>
            <p>Distribution: —Tropics of Asia (type from India), China, Japan, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —Usually on moist ground in paddy fields or along stream banks in open places or at least in light shade at low or medium elevation.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. no locality, A. Marcan 761 (BM); ibis., A. Marcan 765 (BM); Mae Hong Son, A.F.  G. Kerr 5458 (BK, BM); Chon Buri, C. Chermsirivathana &amp; Pragad 1980 (BK); Kanchanaburi, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 97 (B); Mae Hong Son, Mae La Noi, E. Hennipman 3481 (L); ibis., E. Hennipman 3481 (BM); ibis., E. Hennipman 3481 (B); Prachinburi, Khao Yai, E. Hennipman 3960 (L); Satul, Ban Dan, E. Smith 2635 (BM); Samut Prakarn, J.F. Maxwell 70-24 (BK); Bangkok, J.F. Maxwell 71-751 (BK); ibis., J.F. Maxwell 71-752 (BK); Chonburi, Khao kiew, J.F. Maxwell 74-1096 (BK); ibis., J.F. Maxwell 74-1097 (L); Chon Buri, J.F. Maxwell 74-1097 (BK); Yala Ban Beujaw, J.F. Maxwell 86-867 (L, PSU); Chiang Mai, J.F. Maxwell 90-117 (L); Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao, J.F. Maxwell 92-804 (L); Chanthaburi, J.F. Maxwell s.n. (BK); Rayong, K. Kertsawank 367 (QBG); Narathiwat, Sungei Kolok,  K. Larsen &amp; S. Larsen 32875 (BKF, L); Nan, Huai Sand village, K. Srithi 377 (QBG); Lampang, Jae Sawn, L.M. Banoc 16 (L); Chaiyaphum, Nong Bua Daeng, M. Norsaengsri 5422 (QBG); Lamphun, Mae Tha, N. RomKham 275 (QBG); Prachuap Khiri Khan, O. Neansuvan 103 (BCU); Lampang, Doi Luang, O. Petrmitr 369 (L); Nanhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, O. Ratana 25 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, P. Pongkai 110 (BCU); Kanchanaburi, Takean Thong waterfalls, P. Pongkai 84 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 85 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 86 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 202 (BCU); ibis., P. Ratchata 208 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Pragad 563 (BK); Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, S. Chongko 119 (L); Chaiyaphum, Phu Kheaw, S. Simpa 21 (BCU); ibis., S. Simpa 45 (BCU); Chiang mai, Hang Dong, T. Boonkerd 17 (BCU); Loei, Nong Hin, T. Boonkerd 2011-10 (BCU); Kanjanaburi Si York, T. Vongthavone 128 (BK); Nanhon Si Thammarat, U. Damsri 43 (BCU); Phrae, W. Somprasing 289 (BK); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 191 (BCU). BRUNEI. Temburong, A.D. Poulsen 144 (K). CHINA. no locality, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Hainan, F.A. Mcclure 7730 (K); Kwangtung, F.A. Mcclure 13188 (K); Hongkong, H.H. Edie s.n. (K); Yunnan, J. Cavalerie 7261 (K); ibis., J. Cavalerie 8109 (K); Kwangtung, K.J. Stward et al. 143 (K); Yunnan, Li Bao-gui 45074 (QBG); Hongkong, Shiu Ying Hu 6105 (K); ibis., Shiu Ying Hu 11884 (K); no locality, T. Sampson s.n. (K). INDIA. J.G. König s.n. (K). INDONESIA. no locality, A. Ernst 433 (K); ibis., A. Ernst 930 (K); Java, Berlanger s.n. (K); no locality, C. Millett s.n. (K); no locality, C.L. Blume s.n. (K); no locality, Docters  van Leeuwen 11062 (K); no locality, E. de la Savinierre 69 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 388 (K); Sulawesi, E. Hennipman 5955 (K); no locality, E. Smith 2637 (K); no locality, F. Newton s.n. (K); no locality, F.H. Endert 3325 (K); no locality, G.J. de Joncheere 1062 (K); no locality, Heunaka 1321 (K); no locality, J.A. Lörzing 12735 (K); no locality, J.P. Mousset 48 (K); Sulawesi, J.S. Tukirin 3544 (K); Java, M. Raciborski s.n. (K); Sulawesi, M.J.S. Sands 493 (K); no locality, P.J. Eyma 3253 (K); Borneo, P.W. Korthals s.n. (K); Java, R.C. Bakhuizen  van den Brink 5508 (K); no locality, R.J. Johns &amp; C. Cook 9303 (K); no locality, T.W Main 1363 (K); no locality, W.H. de Vriese 272 (K); no locality, W.J. Lütjeharms 5383 (K); Sumatra, Y. Aumeeruddy 373 (K). JAPAN. Taito,  M. tagawa 2544 (K). MALAYSIA. Sabah, A. Hoare &amp; E. Marong 75 (K); Danum Valley, A. Karolus 15 (K); no locality, B. Allen 1350 (K); no locality, B. Scortechini s.n. (K); no locality, B.S. Parris &amp; P.J. Edwards 10474 (K); no locality, B.S. Parris 7075 (K); Perak, Dr. King’s Collector 414 (K); no locality, E.S. Hose &amp; G. Hose 165 (K); no locality, G.H. Spare 36050 (K); Sabah, G.H.S. Wood 2050 (K); no locality, H. Christensen &amp; F. Apu 36C (K); Sarawak, H. Christensen 1141 (K); no locality, H.N. Ridley 7863 (K); ibis., H.N. Ridley 14759 (K); no locality, H.N. Ridley s.n. (K); no locality, H.P. Fuchs 21223 (K); Sarawak, J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 21417 (K); ibis., J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 21464 (K); Sarawak, J. Sinclair SFN38397 (K); no locality, M. Giking 10 (K); no locality, O. Beccari s.n. (K); no locality, P.J. Edwards 2029 (K); ibis, P.W. Richards 2627 (K); no locality, Piggott, A.G. 2354 (K); Kelantan Kuala Aring, R.H. Yapp 173 (K); Perak, W. Robinson 27 (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. no locality, A. Floyd 5664 (K); Western Highlands, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 4449 (K); Kanosia, C.E. Carr 11490 (K); no locality, F.R.R. Schlechter 14209 (K); ibis., F.R.R. Schlechter 17313 (K); no locality, H. Streimann &amp; A. Kairo NGF44433 (K); Morobe, J.R. Croft 667 (K); no locality, L.J. Brass 28694 (K); New Ireland Ugana, S. Peckel 35 (K); Guni Guni, W. Fitzgerald 1 (K); Morobe, W. Takeuchi &amp; A. Towati 15251 (K). PHILIPPINES. no locality, A. Loher 1236 (K); no locality, A.D.E. Elmer 6682 (K); ibis., A.D.E. Elmer 10115 (K); Basilan Menzi, A.G. Piggott 2268 (K); Luzon, E. Quisumbing M195 (K); ibis., E. Quisumbing M210 (K); no locality, E.B. Copeland 604 (K); no locality, E.D. Merrill 2542 (K); Luzon, E.D. Merrill 593 (K); ibis., E.D. Merrill 2552 (K); no locality, H. Cuming 35 (K); ibis., H. Cuming 167 (K); Mindanao, H.N. Moseley s.n. (K); Luzon, M. Vanoverbergh 1676b (K); Mindanao, R.S. Williams 2821 (K); Luzon, S. Vidal y Soler 18348 (K). SINGAPORE. H.J. Murton 147 (K). </p>
            <p>Note:—Young fronds are locally consumed as vegetable.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E277FFF809E9BE1B186C2FF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E274FFF909E9BAEF197F2F38.text	DD531D17E274FFF909E9BAEF197F2F38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium fraxinifolium C. Presl 1825	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 8.  Diplazium fraxinifolium C. Presl (1825: 49) . Fig. 11. </p>
            <p> Type: THE PHILIPPINES.  Hab. in insula Luzon, T.P.X. Haenke s.n. (lectotype PRC450306!; designated by Hovenkamp 2019: 62; isolectotype PRC450305!) . </p>
            <p> 
Diplazium riparium 
Holttum (1940: 97) . Type: MALAYSIA. Selangor, Semenyih,  Hume 8186 (holotype Federated Malay States Museums in SING 0069600!). </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 1.5–2.0 cm diameter, bearing wiry roots, apex scaly; scales up to 17 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear with long tail, concolorous, dark brown to nearly black, margin entire. Fronds 55–80 cm, imparipinnate; petioles 42–50 cm, 4–7 mm diameters, green when living, stramineous when dry, black at lower portion, scaly at base. Laminae 25–30 × 21–25 cm, ovate-oblong in outline, terminal pinna distinct like lateral one, glabrous, subcoriaceous, light green; lateral pinnae 2–4 pairs, subopposite to alternate, 15–20 × 3–5 cm, oblong, sessile or very short-stalked, apex acuminate, base acute, margin entire or subentire; veins rarely anastomosing. Sori 1.0– 1.5 cm, elongate along veins, often on every veinlet, longest on acrocsopic veinlets of vein group. Spores monolete, 42.5–50.0 × 25–30 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Langsuan); Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang,  Khao Nan, Groong Ching waterfalls, Ronpibun); Surat Thani (Tako, Ban Don); Trang (  Khao Chong ); Satun; Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang waterfalls); Yala (Ban Chana). </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On muddy rocks or on earth by streams in dense forests at low elevations.</p>
            <p>Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, B. Sangkachun 16024 (K); Trung, C. Apasuthaya 126 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching waterfalls, D.J. Middleton et al. 5531 (PSU); Pattani, Ban Chauaka, E. Smith 1920 (K); Satun, E. Smith 2628 (BM, K); Bandon, E. Smith 2630 (K); Satun, E. Smith 2631 (K); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ronpibun, E. Smith 415 (K); Trang, Khao Chong, J.F. Maxwell 85-675 (L); Trang, Khao Chong, J.F. Maxwell 85-975 (PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching waterfalls, J.F. Maxwell 86-573 (L, PSU); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, N. Putthisawong 67 (PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching waterfalls, P. Pongkai 45 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 48 (BCU); Chumphon, Langsuan, Put 1659 (K); no locality, Put 1689 (BM); Chumphon, Langsuan, Put 1689 (BK); no locality, Sangkachun 16024 (K); no locality, T. Seelanan 3 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching waterfalls, W. Klinla-ang et al. 2 (PSU). BRUNEI. Temburong, A.D. Poulsen 123 (K); Arboretum, Sg. Liang, D.S. Edwards 478 (BM); Temburong, K.M. Wong 854 (K). INDONESIA. Java, A. MacLeay s.n. (K); Sulawesi, D. Hicks 208 (K); Borneo, J.W. Prout s.n. (K); Kalimantan, K. Iwatsuki, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B3204 (K); ibis., K. Iwatsuki, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B586 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato &amp; H. Wiriadinata B6222 (K); Seram, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; U.W. Mahjar C1668 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, M. Okamoto, K. Ueda &amp; D. Darnaedi B8126 (K). MALAYSIA. Sarawak, J.A.R. Anderson &amp; H. Keng 24 (K), ibis., J.A.R. Anderson &amp; H. Keng K96 (K); Pahang, A. Samat bin Abdullah 229 (K); ibis., A. Samat bin Abdullah 912 (K); Malacca, A. Sinclair s.n. (K); Selangor, A.G. Piggott 2878 (K); Perak, B. Molesworth-Allen 2733 (K); Selangor, B.E.G. Molesworth-Allen 2359 (BM); Pahang, B.S. Parris &amp; P.J. Edwards 10414 (K); Sarawak, B.S. Parris 6961 (K); Sabah, D. Soibeh 659 (K); Johore Gunong Panti, Dr. King’s Collector 235 (K); Perak, Dr. King’s Collector 7894 (K); Malacca, H.N. Ridley 10786 (K); Kelantan Ulu Sungei Keteh, M. Nur s.n. (K); Sarawak, Native Collector (K); Sabah, P.J. Edwards 2042A (K); Pahang, R.E. Holltum SFN20792 (K); ibis., R.E. Holltum SFN24780 (K), no nocality, T. Lobb s.n. (K). PHILIPPINES. Luzon, H.G. Gutierrez 78330 (K); Sulu Archipelago, Y. Kondo &amp; G. Edaño 38694 (K). SINGAPORE. no locality, T. Lobb 33 (K).</p>
            <p> Note:—This species is similar to  Diplazium bantamense , but different in having concolorous scales. Scales are entire at margin with caducous membrane. Venation of  D. fraxinifolium is rarely anastomosing. Moreover, this species is different from the imparipinnate form of  D. cordifolium in having oblong pinnae. Sori of this species are usually on acroscopic veinlets of the vein group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E274FFF909E9BAEF197F2F38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E27AFFF709E9BAEF1AB72DD8.text	DD531D17E27AFFF709E9BAEF1AB72DD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium holttumii Hovenkamp 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 9.  Diplazium holttumii Hovenkamp (2019: 62) . Fig. 12. </p>
            <p> Diplazium malaccense C. Presl (1851:446) . nom. illeg. superfl., excluding syn.  Asplenium sorzogonense C.Presl. –  Athyrium malaccense Holttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2: 552 (1955 [‘1954’]). </p>
            <p> Type: MALAYSIA. Malacca, H. Cuming 389 (lectotype PRC450315!, designated by Holttum (1968); isolectotypes E00782179!, K00044337!, K000539990!, K000539991!, L3540651, L3540653, L3540652, MO-104014 / / A: 1876167!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 3–5 cm diameter, scaly; scales 10–12 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear, concolorous, light brown, margin entire. Fronds 70–90 cm, pinnate, unipinnate-bipinnatifid; petioles 25–30 cm, 5–7 mm diameter, densly scaly at base, dark brown at base. Laminae 55–60 × 20–25 cm, terminal pinna not distinct, oblong in outline, apex long acuminate, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; lateral pinnae 20–30 pairs, alternate, 12–15 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, gradually becoming smaller upwards, oblong, apex long acuminate, base subtruncate; lobed at margin; lobes 2/3 way to midrib of pinnae, about 5 mm wide, apex round or obtuse, margin subentire, stalked; stalks 1–2 mm; veins pinnate, 4–5 pairs, free. Sori 2–3 mm, narrowly-oblong, indusiate; indusia linear, persistent. Spores monolete, 32.5–35.0 × 20.0–22.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Ranong (Khao Por Ta Luang Kaew), Surat Thani (Ban Don), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang), Trang (Khao Chong, Phu Pha Mek), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang), Yala (Ban Mae Prik) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Indochina to Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at medium elevations.</p>
            <p>Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang, C. Kraithep 24 (PSU); Trung, Phu Pha Mek, D.J. Middleton et al. 2029 (BKF); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 122 (BCU); Ranong, Khao Por Ta Luang Kaew, T. Boonkerd 1473 (BCU). INDONESIA. No locality, A.J.G.H. Kostermans 6099 (K); Sulawesi, E Hennipman 5744 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 306 (K); ibis., E. Gardette 461 (K); Kalimantan, J.S. Burley &amp; Tukirin 3255 (K); Kalimantan, K. Iwatsuki, G. Murata, Jdransfield &amp; Saerudin B2472 (K); Sumatra, K. Iwatsuki, G. Murata, Jdransfield &amp; Saerudin S845 (K); no locality, K. Ueda &amp; D. Darnaedy B8982 (K); Kalimantan, Kato, M.; Murata, G.; Mogea, Y.P. (K). MALAYSIA. Selangor, A.A. Samut 148 (K); Malacca, A.C. Maingay 3233 (K), Johore Mt. A.G. Piggott 1773 (K); Negri Sembilan Gunong Telepak Burok, A.G. Piggott 1912 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2495 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris 11365, (K); Negri Sembilan Pasoh Forest Reserve, B.S. Parris &amp; P.J. Edwards 10560 (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris 10599, (K); ibis., B.S. Parris 10960 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris 11327 (K); Sarawak, B.S. Parris 6510 (K); Penang, C. Curtis 999 (K); Penang, C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 13 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Negri Sembilan Bukit Putis, E.S. Hose &amp; G. Hose 174 (K); Negri Sembilan Gunong Angsi, E.S. Hose &amp; G. Hose 4811 (K); Sarawak, G.F. Hose 330 (K); Perak, G.F.Hose s.n. (K); Malacca, H. Cuming 389 (K); ibis., H. Cuming 390 (K); Perak, H.C. Robinson s.n. (K); Perak, J. Sinclair SFN38674 (K); Langkawi, Jaman, R.; Hamid s.n. (K); Pahang, K.M. Kochummen 85251 (K); Perak, L. Wray 1199 (K); Selangor, L.W. Lee UL38 (K); Negri Sembilan Gunong Angsi, M. Nur 11563, (K); Negri Sembilan Ulu Rembau, M. Nur s.n. (K); Selangor, M.E.D. Poore 138 (K); Penang, N. Wallich 205 (K); ibis., N. Wallich s.n. (K); Perak, N.H. Ridley 7271 (K); Pahang, Native Collector 5818, (K); Penang R.E Holttum SFN31196 (K); Malacca, R.E. Holttum 9685 (K); Penang, W. Norris s.n. (K); Johore Mt. Wight 161 (K). SINGAPORE. Reservoir woods, N.H. Ridley 12562 (K).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E27AFFF709E9BAEF1AB72DD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E27AFFF209E9BC6B1E012981.text	DD531D17E27AFFF209E9BC6B1E012981.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium kappanense Hayata. A 1919	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 10.  Diplazium kappanense Hayata (1919: 143) . Fig. 13. </p>
            <p>  Type: Taiwan Island.  Kappanzan , U. Faurie s.n. (? TI, not seen)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial, Stems ascending, 2.0– 2.5 cm diameter, covered with scales at apex; scales 7–10 × 0.5–0.6 mm, linear with long tail apex, dark brown to nearly black, margin thick and toothed. Fronds up to 1.10 m, bipinnate; petioles 40–50 cm, 5–6 cm diameter, deep green, densely scaly and dark at lower part. Laminae 50–60 × 40–50 cm, bipinnate, subdeltoid to ovate-deltoid in outline, suddenly narrowing upwards, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; pinnae 8–10 pairs, alternate, 25–30 × 15–20 cm, oblong in outline, apex gradually narrowing towards forming long acuminate apex, stalked; stalks 3–4 cm; pinnule 10–12 pairs, alternate, 8–10 × 1.5–2.0 cm, oblong, apex long acuminate, base obtuse to subtruncate; margin lobed; lobes 1/3 way to costule, apex round, margin dentate; stalked; stalks 2–3 cm; veins pinnate, 5–6 pairs, veinlets free, forked. Sori 2–4 mm, elongate along veinlets, oblong, halfway between midrib and margin of lobe, indusiate; indusial linear, thin, persistence. Spores monolete, 32.5–35 × 17.5–22.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng); SOUTH-WESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan (Khao luang); CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai) Distribution: —China, Japan, Taiwan Island, and Veitnam. Ecology: —On moist ground along stream banks in light shade at about 800 m elev. Specimens Examined:—THAIALND. Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, D. J. Middleton et al. 3772 (BKF); Loei, Phu Kradueng, P. Jadprajong 191 (BCU); Prachub Kirikhan, P. Pongkai 160 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 161 (BCU). JAPAN. Kyushu,  M. Tagawa 8130 (BM, PE); TAIWAN ISLAND. Tai Bei City, R. Knapp P 198 (ATIF). Note: —According to the Flora of China,  Diplazium taiwanense Tagawa is a synonym of  D. kappanense . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E27AFFF209E9BC6B1E012981	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E27FFFF209E9BB931AB52D68.text	DD531D17E27FFFF209E9BB931AB52D68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium leptophyllum C. Christensen 1913	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 11.  Diplazium leptophyllum Christ ex C. Christensen (1913: 106) . Fig. 14. </p>
            <p>  Type: CHINA. Yunnan,  Szemao , A. Henry 13106 (lectotype MO-2140172 / A: 1194!; designated here;  isolectotype K00189421!, MO-255735 / A: 1195!, P01564505 !!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems short creeping, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, scaly; scales 10–12 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear, concolorus, dark brown to nearly black, margin entire. Fronds up to 1.20 m, bipinnate to bipinnate-tripinnatifid; petioles 30–50 cm, glabrous, dark green, dark at lower portion, groove above. Laminae 60–70 × 50–60 cm, subdeltoid in outline, terminal pinna not distinct, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; pinnae 6–8 pairs, alternate, 25–30 × 12–15 cm, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, stalked; stalks 1.5–2.0 cm; pinnule 12–14 pairs, alternate, 5–6 × 2.5–3.0 cm, subdeltoid, apex acuminate, base subtruncate to truncate; lobed at margin; lobes ¾ way to costule, apex round, margin serrate, shortly stalked; veins pinnate, veinlets 4–5 pairs, free, simple or once forked. Sori 3–5 mm, elongate along veinlets, diplazoid, usually on basal veinlets of vein group. Spores monolete, 30.0–37.5 × 17.5–20.0 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: echinate.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Suthep, Mae Jam), Chiang Rai (Mae Lao), Lamphun (Doi Khun Tan) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — India, Bhutan, China and Myanmar.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist ground or on mountain slopes in dense mixed or evergreen forests at 850–1,600 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, J.F. Maxwell 89-855 (L); Lampoon, Doi Khun Dan, J.F. Maxwell 93-771 (L); Chiang Mai, Mae Jam, J.F. Maxwell 98-1444 (L); Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao, M. Shimizu &amp; M Hutoh T4396 (L); ibis., M. Shimizu &amp; M Hutoh T10210 (L); ibis., M. Shimizu &amp; M Hutoh T10210 (BKF); Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao,  M. Tagawa &amp; K. Iwatsuki T4396 (BKF); Lamphun, Doi Khun Tan,  M. Tagawa T9324 (L); Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao, P. Pongkai 78 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 79 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 80 (BCU); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, S. Premwichit 5 (L). CHINA. Yunnan, A. Henry 13106 (B, K). INDIA. Manickam RHT34384 (K); Manickam 31083 (K); Manickam 582 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E27FFFF209E9BB931AB52D68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E27FFFF109E9BFDF1AEC2958.text	DD531D17E27FFFF109E9BFDF1AEC2958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium megaphyllum (Baker) Christ. A 1898	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 12.  Diplazium megaphyllum (Baker) Christ (1898: 961) . Fig. 15. </p>
            <p> Asplenium megaphyllum Baker (1890: 264) . </p>
            <p> Type: VIETNAM. Tonkin, Balansa 1836 (lectotype P00642890!; isolectotypes P00642891!, K001089145!, K001089146!, BM001045380!; designated by Pacheco &amp; Moran [2003: 91]) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 3–4 cm diameter, covered with scales at apex; scales 10–12 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, lanceolate with long tail apex, dark brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds up to 1.30 m, imparipinnate; petioles 50–60 cm, 5–8 cm diameter, deep green, scaly and dark at base. Laminae 60–70 × 40–50 cm, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, terminal pinna distinct, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; terminal pinna, narrowly-deltoid, apex acuminate, base subtruncate, margin lobed; lateral pinnae 10–12 pairs, alternate, suddenly becoming smaller upward, 15–20 × 4.0– 4.5 cm, oblong, apex acuminate, base subtruncate, margin subentire to crenate, sessile or shortly stalked; stalks 3–4 mm, longest at lower pinnae; veins pinnate, free, veinlets 5–6 pairs. Sori 4–5 mm, elongate along veinlets, on all veinlets, diplazoid, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 52.5–60.0 × 20.0–22.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao), Tak (Doi Musoe), Nakorn Sawan (Doi Musae); EASTERN: Chiyaphum . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — China, Taiwan Island, Myanmar and Vietnam.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —Along streamlet banks in moist evergreen forests at about 800 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chiyaphum, C.F.  van Beusekom et al. 4407 (B); Nakhon Sawan, Doi Musae, E. Hennipman 3064 (B, BM, K. L); ibis., E. Hennipman 3065 (BKF). CHINA. Guizhou, X.C. Zhang, Z.Y. Guo &amp; X. Q. Ping 7167 (PE). TAIWAN ISLAND. Nantou, C.T. Choi 11785 (PE); ibis., C.T. Choi 12798 (PE); Nantou, B.F. Lu 17764-2 (PE); Kwarenko,  M. Tagawa 3537 (BM). VIETNAM. Tonkin, B. Balansa 1836 (K); Ninh Binh,  H. van der Werff et al. 14220 (PE). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E27FFFF109E9BFDF1AEC2958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E27CFFF109E9BBEB19422DB4.text	DD531D17E27CFFF109E9BBEB19422DB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium mettenianum (Miq.) C. Christensen 1906	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 13.  Diplazium mettenianum (Miq.) C. Christensen (1906: 236) . Fig. 16. </p>
            <p> Asplenium mettenianum Miquel (1867: 174) . </p>
            <p>  Type: JAPAN.  Textor s.n. (L0052441!)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems short creeping, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, covered with scales throughout; scales 8–10 × 0.8–1.0 mm, linear-lanceolate, concolourous, black, margin minutely toothed. Fronds up to 1 m, unipinnate; petioles up to 50 cm, 6–7 mm diameter, glabrous, deep green, black at lower portion. Laminae 30–50 × 30–40 cm, terminal pinna not distinct, ovate-oblong in outline, apex acuminate, glabrous, thinly chartaceous, deep green when living, brown when dry; lateral pinnae 8–10 pairs, alternate, 20–25 × 2–4 cm, oblong, apex acuminate, base cordate, lobed at margin; lobes about ¼ way to costa, apex round to obtuse, margin subentire to serrate, stalked; stalks 1.5–2.0 cm, longest at lower pinnae; upper pinnae rather suddenly becoming smaller, adnate and gradually decurrent at base; veins pinnate, veinlets 4–5 pairs, free. Sori 4–5 mm, oblong, elongate along veins, longest at lower veinlets of vein group, diplazoid. Spores monolete, 66–68 × 39–42 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — China, Taiwan Island, Japan and Vietnam.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On humus-rich slopes in dense forests at about 1,100 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Loei, Phu Kradueng, E. Hennipman 3691 (B, L); Loei, Phu Kradueng, P. Pongkai 18 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 19 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 20 (BCU); Loei, Phu Kradueng, P. Jadprajong 8 (BKF); ibis., P. Jadprajong 9 (BKF); ibis., P. Jadprajong 11 (BKF); ibis., P. Jadprajong 71 (BKF); ibis., P. Jadprajong 236 (BKF); Loei, Phu Kradueng, P. Pongkai 23 (BCU); Loei, Phu Kradueng, T. Boonkerd 1113 (BCU, K). CHINA. Hong Kong, S.Y. Hu 9132 (K); No locality, Taam 321 (K). JAPAN. Kagoshima, A. Ebihara et al. KS2007-153 (PE); Kumamoto, A. Ebihara et al. KS2007-211 (PE); Tinlegang between Thimphu, B. Bartholomew et al. 3768 (PE); Honshu, E. Zogg et al. 11394 (PE); Kyushu, J. Murata at al. 2419 (PE); no locality, M. Togasi (BM); Shikoku, T. Matsumoto et al. 61630 (QBG); Yunokawa, T. Miyazaki 1011799 (PE); no locality, T. Miyazaki 903136 (PE); Honshu,  T. nakaike 26 (B). TAIWAN ISLAND. Nantou, E. Schuettpelz 1017C (BM); Nantou Yu-Chich, D.E. Boufford &amp; B. Bartholomew 25003 (BM, MICH). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E27CFFF109E9BBEB19422DB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E27CFFCC09E9BFDF185C29A4.text	DD531D17E27CFFCC09E9BFDF185C29A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium mixtum (Roxb.) C. V. Morton. A 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 14.  Diplazium mixtum (Roxb.) C.V. Morton (1974: 294) . Fig. 17. </p>
            <p> Asplenium mixtum Roxburgh (1844: 499) . </p>
            <p>  TYPE: INDONESIA.  Ambon ?, anon. s.n. (C. Smith?) (lectotype BR [BR0000006989866], designated by Morton (1974))  . </p>
            <p> 
Asplenium prescottianum 
Wallich ex Hooker (1860: 251) .  Diplazium prescottianum (Wall. ex Hook.) T. Moore (1859: 334) .  Type : SINGAPORE. 1922, Wallich, 235 (lectotype K-W [K001109599], designated by Morton (1974); isolectotypes K000443459!, K000443460!). </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 5–6 cm diameter, bearing thick black roots, apex scaly; scales about 15 × 1 mm, narrowly lanceolate, concolorous, dark brown, margin entire. Fronds up to 1.30 m, imparipinnate; petioles 60–80 cm, 5–6 mm diameter, glabrous, green with dark brownish base. Laminae 43–50 × 18–25 cm, outline oblong, suddenly becoming smaller upword, long acuminate apex, terminal pinna not distinct, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; lateral pinnae 11–12 pairs, alternate, 13–17 × 1.7–2.0 cm, bolong, falcate, apex caudate-attenuate, base obtuse, margin crenate, moderately auricle at acroscopic base; aucicle, apex round to obtuse, margin subentire, stalked; stalk 2.0– 2.5cm, longest at lower pinnae; veins pinnate, veinlets 3–4 pairs. Sori 0.5–1.0 cm, elongate along veinlets, diplazoid, indusiate; indusia thin, firm, persistance. Spores monolete, 40.5–43.0 × 23.5–25.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: labryrinth.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —SOUTH-EASTERN: Trat (Ko Chang) ; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thamarat (Khao Luang), Yala </p>
            <p> (Ban Chana, Ban Malao).   Distribution: — Malaysia, Singapore. Ecology: —  On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at medium elevations.  Specimens Examined :— THAILAND. Prachinburi,  Khao Yai ,  K. larsen, T. Smitinand &amp; E. Warncke 312 (BKF)  ; MALAYSIA. Perak, Anonymous s.n. (K). SINGAPORE. Crangie, H. J. Murton 100 (K); Tanjong Gul, J. Sinclair 9376 (K); no locality, N. Wallich 235 (K); ibis., T. Lobb 32 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E27CFFCC09E9BFDF185C29A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E241FFCC09E9BBCF1A412E24.text	DD531D17E241FFCC09E9BBCF1A412E24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium muricatum (Mett.) Alderwerelt 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 15.  Diplazium muricatum (Mett.) Alderwerelt (1909: 829) . Fig. 18. </p>
            <p> Asplenium muricatum Mettenius (1866: 239) . </p>
            <p>  Type : INDONESIA. Zipple s.n. (holotype L; fragment B 20 0028987!)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems assending, 5–8 cm diameter, densely scaly on apical part; scales 12–18 × 1–2 mm, linear, concolorous, brown, margin minutely toothed. Fronds 1.0– 1.8 m, bipinnate; petioles 0.8–1.0 m, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, deep green, densely scaly and dark at base. Laminae 60–80 × 50–70 cm, bipinnate-tripinnatifid, subdeltoid in outline, gradually narrowing towards apex, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; pinnae 9 pairs, alternate, lower pinnae 27– 34 × 18–23 cm, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, stalked; stalks 4–5 cm; pinnules 9–10 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, alternate, oblong, apex acuminate, base subtruncate, margin lobed, lobes nearly to costule, 10–12 × 3–4 mm, oblong, apex round, margin sharply serrate, stalked; stalks 2 mm; veins pinnate, veinlet 7–8 pairs, free, forked. Sori 2–3 mm, oblong, close to midrib, rarely diplazoid, indusiate; indusia thin, fragile. Spores monolete, 32.5–40.0 × 22.5–27.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Inthanon) ,  Chiang Rai (Khunkorn waterfalls) ,  Nan (Doi Phuka) ,   Phitsanulok (  Phu Hin Rong kla)  ; SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi. </p>
            <p>Distribution: — India, Burma, and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist mountain slopes in dense forests at 1,000–2,000 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao, C. Chermsirivathana 329 (BK); Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 1319 (L); Kanchanaburi, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 219 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, E. Hinnapman 3230 (L); Nakhon Sawan, Doi Musue, E. Hinnapman 3241 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, E. Hinnapman 3259 (B, BM); ibis., E. Hinnapman 3260 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, E.C. &amp; C.H. 329 (BKF); Chang Rai, Mae Sai, J.F. Maxwell 04-658 (L); Nan, Doi Phu Kah, J.F. Maxwell 94- 799 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T2656 (L); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 11 (BCU); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, P. Pongkai 12 (BCU); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 7 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 137 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 142 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P.Ratchata 216 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P.Ratchata 49 (BCU). PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, R.S. Williams 2458 (K). </p>
            <p> We here followed Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2018) and removed the distribution of this species in southern India and Sri Lanka where the relevant species is described as  D. manickamii Fraser-Jenk. &amp; Kholia in Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2018: 126). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E241FFCC09E9BBCF1A412E24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E241FFC809E9BC4F1BE42DD8.text	DD531D17E241FFC809E9BC4F1BE42DD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium pallidum (Blume) T. Moore. Thus 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 16.  Diplazium pallidum (Blume) T. Moore (1857: 333) . Fig. 19, 20. </p>
            <p> Asplenium pallidum Blume (1828: 177) . </p>
            <p>  Type: INDONESIA. Java,  Blume s.n. (holotype L0051559!)  . </p>
            <p> Asplenium crenatoserratum Blume (1828: 177) .  Diplazium crenatoserratum (Blume) T. Moore (1857: 121) . Type: INDONESIA. Java, Blume s.n. (lectotype L0051561!; designated by Hovenkamp 2019: 63). </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 2.5–4.0 cm diameter, bearing wiry roots, apex scaly; scales 8–10 × 0.5–0.8 mm, linear, concolorous, dark brown to nearly black, margin entire. Fronds 0.73–1.10 m, pinnate; petioles 46–60 cm, 4–5 mm diameter, glabrous, dark brown to black, base scaly. Laminae 27–50 × 25–35 cm, oblong in outline, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; terminal pinna distinct; terminal pinnae 10–20 × 1.5–3.0 cm, oblong, apex acuminate, margin entire but serrate near apex; lateral pinnae 8–14 pairs, alternate, 15–22 × 1.5–3.0 cm, oblong, subfalcate, apex acuminate, base round or oblique, margin entire but serrate near apex, lower pinnae sessile or shortly stalked; stalks 1–2 mm, lower pinnae longest, upper pinnae suddenly becoming smaller upwards; veins all free, veinlets once forked. Sori 3–5 mm, elongate along veinlets, on acroscopic veinlets of vein groups, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, persistent. Spores monolete, 46.0–52.5 × 26.5–32.0 µm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: smooth.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Krung Ching Waterfall).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and Australia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On shady area near streamlets in dense evergreen forests at 600–1,100 m elev.</p>
            <p> Conservation Status: —Two population were found at two localities in Thailand. However, it can be found in many countries of Southeast Asia and Australia. Thus, we consider that  D. pallidum should be registered as “Least Concern (LC)” according to IUCN Conservation Status (IUCN, 2012). </p>
            <p>Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 112 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching waterfalls, P. Pongkai 143 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3998 (BKF); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, T. Boonkerd &amp; R. Pollawatn 1406 (BCU); ibis., T. Boonkerd &amp; R. Pollawatn 1408 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, T. Smitinand s.n. (BKF). BRUNEI. A.D. Poulsen 346 (K). INDONESIA. Ruteng, A J.G.H. Kostermans &amp; Wirawan 658 (K); Java, A. MacLeay s.n. (K); Sumbava, A.J.G.H. Kostermans 18125 (K); Mbengen, A.J.G.H. Kostermans 22134 (K); Sumatra, B.J. Brooks 1205 (BM); Seram Maluka, B.S. Parris 11129 (K); Java, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Java, C.L. Blume s.n. (K, L); no locality, D. Darnaedi 2067 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 300 (K); ibis., E. Gardette 345 (K); Sulawesi, E. Hennipman 5151a (K); Sulawesi, E. Smith 2492 (K); no locality, G.T. de Joncheere 1252 (BM); ibis., G.T. de Joncheere 1300 (BM); Java, H. Zollinger 156 (K); ibis., H. Zollinger 412 (B); no locality, J.A. Lörzing 5549 (K); Gunung Totaniwei, M. Kato C13675 (K); Seram Utara Manusela National Park, M. Kato, B. Sunarno &amp; H. Akiyama C4497 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B3795 (K); Seram Utara Manusela National Park, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; U.W. Mahjar C1959 (K); Tehoru, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C14417 (K); Kryyan, M. Kato, M. Okamoto &amp; E.B. Walujo B9168 (K); Java, M. Raciborski s.n. (K); Sumatra, R.E. Holttum s.n. (K); Java, T. Lobb s.n. (K); Sumatra, T.S. Rahmat 221 (K); Bloaang Mongondow, W. Kaudern 40 (BM); Java, W.H. de Vriese 227 (K); ibis., W.H. de Vriese 270 (K); ibis., W.H. de Vriese 585 (K); Java, W.S. Kurtz s.n. (K). MALAYSIA. Pahang, A. Samat bin Abdullah 20902 (K); Salangor, A.G. Piggott 1011 (K); Pahang, B. Molesworth-Allen 4539 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 8948 (K); ibis., B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 9154 (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris &amp; P.J. Edwards 10421 (K); Sarawak, B.S. Parris 6966 (K); ibis., B.S. Parris 7028 (K); Perak, C. Curtis 1268 (K); Pahang, E. Smith 892 (K); Perak, Fed. Malay States Museum s.n. (K); Sabah, G. Shea &amp; Aban San77222 (K); Pahang, H.N. Ridley 2167 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 14209 (K); Perak, J. Day s.n. (K); Pahang, M.R. Henderson 18583 (K); Sabah, R. Jaman 4021 (K); Pahang, R.E. Holttum s.n. (K); ibis., R.E. Holttum SFN24703 (K); Sabah, R.E. Holttum SFN25559 (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. New Island, J.R. Croft &amp; M.J.S. Sands, LAE68317 (K); New Island, J.R. Croft 233 (K); New Island, J.R.Croft LAE68414 (K); Buso, K. Palis 26 (K); no locality, N.A. Wakefield 1367 (BM), New Britain, P.F. Stevens &amp; L. Lelean LAE58652 (K), Sepik Lumi River, R.J. Johns s.n. (K). PHILIPPINES. Luzon, A. Loher 905 (K); Luzon, A.D.E. Elmer 9017 (K); Mindanao, A.D.E. Elmer 11325 (K); ibis., A.D.E. Elmer 13885 (K); Luzon, A.D.E. Elmer 18476 (K); Luzon, B.S. Parris 5736a (K); Sulu, F.W. Burbidge s.n. (K); Luzon, H. Cuming 188 (BM, K, L); Camarina, H. Cuming s.n. (K); Luzon, M. Ramos s.n. (K); Luzon, M.G. Price 471 (K).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E241FFC809E9BC4F1BE42DD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E245FFC709E9BC6B1F5629A4.text	DD531D17E245FFC709E9BC6B1F5629A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium petelotii Tardieu. A 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 17.  Diplazium petelotii Tardieu (1932: 66) . Figs. 21, 22. </p>
            <p> Type: VIETNAM. Tonkin, Pételot 542 bis (lectotype P01449498!, designated here; isolectotypes P01449495!, P01449499!) . </p>
            <p> Plants terrestrial. Stems stout, erect, up to 5 cm diameter, apex scaly; scale up to 12–15 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear with long tail apex, concolorous, dark brown, margin toothed. Fronds up to 1.2 m, bipinnate; petioles 54–58 cm, 4.5–5.5 cm diameter, deep green, base scaly, groove above. Laminae 60–62 × 40–50 cm, ovate-oblong in outline, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; pinnae 8–10 pairs, upper pinnae suddenly becoming smaller upward to  form pinnatifid apex, terminal pinna not distinct; lateral pinnae 25–30 cm × 5–7 cm, alternate, oblong, apex long acuminate, middle gradually becoming reduce upward to  form pinnatifid apex, stalked; stalk 2–3 cm; pinnules 3.5–4.0 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, oblong, apex acute or round, base obtuse, margin subentire to slightly serrate, sometime lobed at basal pinnules, lobes about ¼ way to midrib; vein free, pinnate; veinlets 2–3 pairs. Sori 2–4 mm, along veinlet, linear, slightly curve, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, persistent. Spore monolete, bilaterally symmetrical, kidney-shaped, 52.84–33.68 × 31.15–26.18 µm; ornamentation smooth. </p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Rai (Mae Kok), Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep), Phitsanulok (Phu Rom Rot) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — China and Vietnam.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slope in dense evergreen forests at 1,000–1,300 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimen examine:— THAILAND. Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, S. Chodchoy 62 (KU). VIETNAM. Lao Cai, Van Ban District,  H. van der Werff et al. 17346 (L); Tonkin, Pételot 542 (P). </p>
            <p> Note: —  We found three duplicates of Pételot 542 bis at P that collected by Pételot from Tonkin, Vietnam. We selected P01449498! as the lectotype because it is the most complete specimen . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E245FFC709E9BC6B1F5629A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E24AFFC709E9BBCF1F192E6C.text	DD531D17E24AFFC709E9BBCF1F192E6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium petrii Tardieu 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 18.  Diplazium petrii Tardieu (1932: 67) . Figs. 23, 24. </p>
            <p> Type: VIETNAM. Tonkin, Pételot 3589 (lectotype P01449476!, designated here!; isolectotypes P01449469!, P01449475!, P01449477!, P01449479!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems short creeping, 2.0– 2.5 cm, covered with scales throughout; scales 11–20 × 8–10 mm, linear long tail apex, concolorous, black, margin toothed. Fronds 47–96 cm, unipinnate-bipinnatifid to bipinnate; petioles 32– 43 cm, 5–6 mm diameter, deep green when living, stramineous when dry, dark colour at lower portion, scaly at base. Laminae 42–53 × 44–48 cm, deltoid in outline, terminal pinna not distinct, upper pinnae gradually becoming smaller upwards, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; lateral pinnae 20–22 pairs, alternate, 15–18 × 3.0– 3.5 cm, narrowing upward, falcate, apex acuminate, base cordate to subcordate, margin lobed, stalked; stalks 1.0– 1.7 cm, longest at lower pinna, the posterior pinnules usually decurrent to the next one; veins pinnate, veinlets 3–4 pairs, simple or once forked. Sori 2.0– 3.5 mm, elongate, cresentic. Spores monolete, 30.0–42.5 × 20.0–22.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: labryrinth.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —SOUTH-WESTERN:Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huaiyang waterfalls) ; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao, Pong Nam Ron); PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat  (Khao Luang, Khao Nan) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — China, Taiwan Island, Japan, Vietnam, and Philippines.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at 1,000–1,400 m elev., rather rare.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. T4777 (L); ibis.,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki, H. Koyama &amp; A. Chintayungkun T8608 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki, H. Koyama &amp; A. Chintayungkun T8387 (BKF); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang P. Pongkai 118 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 119 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 68 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 69 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 72 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 118 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 119 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 136 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 199 (BCU); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 95 (BCU). CHINA. no locality, W.T. Tsang 22480 (BM); Yunnan, Z.Y. Han WR0399 (PE). JAPAN. Kyushu, M. Furuse 3853 (PE); ibis., M. Furuse 39018 (PE); ibis., M. Furuse 41609 (PE); Japan, Taito,  M. Tagawa 2745 (BM); no locality,  M. Tagawa 3551 (PE); Ryukyu, Y. Saiki 1990 (BM); no locality, Y. Saiki s.n. (PE). TAIWAN ISLAND. Taitung, C.T. Choi 11471 (PE); ibis., C.T. Choi 114889 (PE); ibis., C.T. Choi 11499 (PE); ibis., C.T. Choi 12264 (PE); ibis., C.T. Choi 12834 (PE); Yilan, D.E. Boufford et al. 25188 (PE); no locality, H. Tsung-Hsin &amp; H. ChiHsing 1387 (BM); Yilan, T.T. Chen et al. 11471 (PE); ibis., T.T. Chen et al. 12691 (PE); Teipei, Z.Y. Han 3703-1 (PE); ibis., Z.Y. Han 3703-2 (PE); ibis., Z.Y. Han 3703-3 (PE). </p>
            <p> Note: —   We found five syntypes of  D. petrii at P that collected by Pételot from Tonkin, Vietnam. We selected Pételot 3589 (P01449476!) as the lectotype because it is the most complete specimen  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E24AFFC709E9BBCF1F192E6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E24AFFC309E9BCF718252E0C.text	DD531D17E24AFFC309E9BCF718252E0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium phanerotis Kunze. A 1846	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 19.  Diplazium phanerotis Kunze (1846: 443) . Fig. 25. </p>
            <p>  Type: INDONESIA. Java, H.  Zollinger 1491 (lectotype G00348439, designated by Morton (1974))  . </p>
            <p> Asplenium varium Roxburgh (1844: 498) .  Diplazium roxburghii T.Moore (1860: 176) , (1862: 337), nom. nov., non  Diplazium varium Gaudich. (1828) . – TYPE: Ambon?, W. Roxburgh (C. Smith?) 2409 (lectotype BR [BR 0000006984236], designated by Morton (1974)). </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stem erect, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, bearing wiry roots, scaly; scales 5–6 × 0.8–1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate, concolorous, dark brown to black, margin irregularly toothed. Fronds 35–53 cm, unipinnate; petioles 15–20 cm, nearly black, scaly at base. Laminae 20–33 × 12–18 cm, usually longer than stipe, subdeltoid in outline, gradually narrowing upwards, apex attenuate, terminal pinna not distinct, widest at base, glabrous, subcoriaceous, dark green; rachis grooved above, minutely hairy, gammae usually confined to apical portion; lateral pinnae 20–25 pairs, alternate, 8–10 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, narrowly oblong, subfalcate, apex acuminate, base truncate, margin dentate to serrate, distinctly auricle at acroscopic bases, sessile or shortly stalked at lower pinnae, 2–3 mm, longest at lower pinnae; veins pinnate with simple veinlets, veinlets 1 pair. Sori 5–6 mm, elongate along veinlets, usually on acroscopic veinlets of vein group, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, firm, persistent. Spores monolete, 35–37.5 × 20–22.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: irregular.</p>
            <p> Thailand:—SOUTH-WESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huaiyang waterfalls); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Ban Don,  Klong Ton ), Phangnga (  Toong Rha Suung ), Krabi (  Khao Ngorn Nark ), Nakhon Si Thammarat (  Khao Luang ,  Khao Huai Pampun ,  Khao Nan,  Chawang ),  Patthalung (  Tha Mot ), Trang (KHAO Chong), Satun, Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang waterfalls), Yala (Kiong Bla Hot, Ban Mae Prik, Betong). </p>
            <p>Distribution:— Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology:—On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at low to medium elevations, lower than 1,000 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 14444 (BK); ibid. A.F.  G. Kerr 14590 (BK); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, C. Apasutaya113 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3799 (B); Trang, Khao Chong, H. Hennipman 3799 (L); ibid., H. Hennipman 3915 (L); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, J.F. Maxwell 84-481 (PSU); Patthalung, Khao Pu Khao Ya, J.F. Maxwell 86-385 (PSU); Patthalung, Tamote, J.F. Maxwell 86-745 (PSU); Patthalung, J.F. Maxwell 86-747 (L); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Yong waterfalls, K. Jamtsho, M. Stankovic &amp; B. Hassama 5 (PSU); Patthalung, Tha Mot, K. Laesen et al. 459806 (L, QBG); Thailand, Chantaburi, Koh Chang;  K. Larsen &amp; T. Smitinand &amp; E Warncke 1783 (BKF); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4501 (L); ibid.,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T5271 (L); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, N. Putthisawong 44 (PSU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 116 (BCU), Krabi, Khao Ngorn Nark, P. Pongkai 159 (BCU); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, P. Pongkai 26 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 27 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 28 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 29 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 40 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 46 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 61 (BCU); ibid., P. Pongkai 64 (BCU); Phangnga, Toong Rha Suung, P. Suksathan 2509 (QBG); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 132 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 140 (BCU); ibid., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 144 (BCU); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 175 (BCU). BRUNEI. Temburong, A.D. Poulsen 91 (K). INDONESIA. Kalimantan, A.C. Church, Ismail &amp; A. Ruskandi 2476 (K); Bangka Island, Anta (K); Sumatra, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Sumatra, C.J. Brooks 2108 (BM); Kalimantan, C.S. Awmack 252 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 460 (K); Sumatra, J. Dransfield 3198 (K); Kalimantan, J.S. Tukirin 3107 (K); ibid., J.S. Tukirin 3325 (K); ibid., J.S. Tukirin 3107 (K); ibid., J.S. Tukirin 3325 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B3735 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, M. Okamoto &amp; E.B. Walujo B9202 (K); Sumatra, P.W. Korthals s.n. (K); Sumatra, W.H. de Vriese 501 (K). MALAYSIA. Malacca, A.C. Maingay 3025 (K); Selangor, A.G. Piggott 2181 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 3005 (K); Perak, B. Molesworth-Allen 2716 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 8946 (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris 10375 (K); Penang, C. Curtis 1000 (K); Penang, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Selangor, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Selangor, D.W. Lee UL40 (K); ibid., D.W. Lee UL46 (K); Trengganu, E.A. Turnau 821 (K); Terengganu, E.J.H. Corner 30395 (K); Negeri Sembilan Bukit Tangga, E.S. Hose &amp; G. Hose 5037 (K); Sabah, Forest Department, Sandakan SAN130860 (K); Perak, G.F. Hose s.n. (K); Malacca, H. Cuming 387 (K); Selangor, I.H. Burkill 11871 (K); Sabah, J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 28155 (K); ibid., J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 40565 (K); Pahang, M. Shah 1637 (K); Penang, N. Wallich 204 (K); Negeri Sembilan Ulu Bendul, R.E. Holltum 9865 (K); Sarawak, S.T. Lai S69628 (K); Penang, T. Lobb s.n. (K); Penang, W. Norris s.n. (K); Penang, W.F. Mactier s.n. (K). PHILIPPINES. Palawan, E.D. Merrill 7260 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E24AFFC309E9BCF718252E0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E24EFFC109E9BC151F282BBC.text	DD531D17E24EFFC109E9BC151F282BBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium polypodioides Blume. A 1828	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 20.  Diplazium polypodioides Blume (1828: 194) . Fig. 26. </p>
            <p>  Type: INDONESIA. Java,  Blume s.n. (lectotype L0051563!; designated by Hovenkamp, 2019: 63)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems massive, erect, 7–8 cm diameter, apex densely scaly; scales 14–20 by 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear long tail apex, dark brown to nearly black, margin thick, toothed. Fronds up to 1.70 m, bipinnaate; petioles up to 1 m, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, brown, surface prickly due to scars of fallen scales, densely scaly near base. Laminae up to 1.0 × 0.7 m, ovate-deltoid in outline, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; lower pinnae 55–60 × 25–30 cm, alternate, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, stalked, stalks 4–5 cm; pinnules 10–12 × 3–4 cm, subopposite, oblong, apex acuminate base subtruncate, margin lobed, lobe deep close to costule, about 10 × 5 mm, oblong, oblique, apex round or obtuse, sharply serrate at margin, stalked, stalks 2–3 mm; veins pinnate, about 10 pairs, free or forked. Sori 2–3 mm, along veinlets, close to costule, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 37.5–45.0 × 22.5–25.0 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Rai (Mae Lao), Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep, Mae Klang, Doi Inthanon), Phrae (Mae Sai), Tak, Phitsanulok (Phu Miang); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chantaburi (Khao Soi Dao). PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Ban Don), Ranong (Phato), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Sri Lanka, India, Buhtan, China, Japan, Taiwan Island, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On humus-rich mountain slopes in high humidity areas at 500–1,200 m elev. Throughout the country, usually at edge of forests or in clearing, not in deep shade.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chumphon, Lanng Suan, A.F.  G. Kerr 12158 (BK); Chiang Mai, Mae Dang, J.F. Maxwell 90-34 (L); Chiang Rai, Ban Saen Sa-at, K. Bunchuai &amp; B. Nimanong 1421 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T5269 (L); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, M.F. Newman, T. Boonthavikoon, C. Hemrat &amp; D.J. Middleton 1095 (L); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 8 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Khunkorn waterfalls, P. Ratchata 12 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Mae Swai, Pragad 916 (BK); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, S. Mitsuta T50237 (QBG); Ratchaburi, Suan Phueng, Suan Phueng Trip 79 (BCU); ibis., Suan Phueng Trip 81 (BCU); Kanchanaburi, si yok, T. Vougthavone 153 (BK, BKF) Prachuap Khiri Khan, Huaiyang waterfalls, Y. Yuyen 191 (BCU). BHUTAN. B. Barhtolomew et al. 3768 (PE). INDIA. Darjiling, C.B. Clarke 35382 (K); ibis., C.B. Clarke 8646 (K); Ponmudi, K.U. Kramer 6197 (K); Sikkim, T.C. Jerdon 12 (K); Idukki, V.S. Manickam RHT3218 (K). INDONESIA. Borneo, M.S. Clemens 40806 (BM); Java, PE-BO Team 18 (PE); Tahura, W. R. Yu 18 (PE). JAPAN. Dalhousie, F.E.W. Venning 502 (PE); no Locality,  M. Tagawa 2864 (PE). MYANMAR. Tuang, Nan Tamwi Tuang, J.F. Maxwell 75-281 (BK). NEPAL. Mai valley, J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). SRI LANKA. Central Province, C. V. 1352 (K); no Locality, Perad 1352 (B); ibis., W. Robinson 81 (K). VIETNAM. Ha Giang, D.  K. harder et al. 5382 (PE). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E24EFFC109E9BC151F282BBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E24CFFC109E9B9C7182B2E94.text	DD531D17E24CFFC109E9B9C7182B2E94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium procumbens Holttum 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 21.  Diplazium procumbens Holttum (1940: 95) . Fig. 27. </p>
            <p>  Type : MALAYSIA. Pahang, R. E  .  Holltum 36503 (holotype K000443463!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems creeping, 1.5–2.0 cm diameter, densely covered with scales at apex; scales 8–10 × 0.7–1.0 mm, linear with long tail apex, concolorous, brown, margin toothed. Fronds up to 1.4–1.6 m, bipinnate; petioles 70–80 cm, 5–6 mm diameter, glabrous, deep green, dark at lower portion. Laminae 75–80 × 67–72 cm, deltoid in outline, gradually narrowing upwards, long acuminate apex, glabrous, papyraceous, light green; pinnae 45–50 × 18–20 cm, alternate, oblong in outline stalked; stalks 2.5–3.0 cm, largest at lower pinnae; pinnules 8–9 ×2.0– 2.5 cm, alternate, oblong, apex long acuminate to attenuate, base truncate, lobed at margin; lobes about ¾ way to costule, apex obtuse, margin subentire to dentate, stalked; stalks 1–2 mm; veins pinnate, 4–5 pairs, free, once forked. Sori 2–4 mm, elongate along veinlets, diplazoid, close to midrib, indusiate; indusia linear, very thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 47.5–57.5 × 25.0–32.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —SOUTH-WESTERN: Petchaburi (Kaeng Krachan National Park); Prachuap Khiri Khan (Khao Luang).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Sri Lanka, Malaysia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist and shady area, near stream at about 1,300 m elev.</p>
            <p>Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, D.J. Middleton et al. 1762 (BKF). MALAYSIA. Pahang, B.E.G. Molesworth-Allen 1439 (BM); Pahang, R.E. Holltum 21645 (K); ibis., R.E. Holltum 21646 (K); ibis., R.E. Holltum 36503 (K). SRI LANKA. Namunukula, W.A. Sledge 1192 (BM, K).</p>
            <p>Note: —This species is a new record for the Flora of Thailand.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E24CFFC109E9B9C7182B2E94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E24CFFDC09E9BCBF1E7F2CF8.text	DD531D17E24CFFDC09E9BCBF1E7F2CF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium proliferum (Lam.) Thouars 1808	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 22.  Diplazium proliferum (Lam.) Thouars (1808: 35) . Fig. 28. </p>
            <p> Asplenium proliferum Lamarck (1786: 307) . </p>
            <p> Type: Réunion (“Bourbon”). P. Commerson s.n. (lectotype P-LAM P00564927, photo Morton Neg. 2765 (BM), desginated by Hovenkamp 2019: 64); isolectotype MPU018120, MPU018121 photo seen !). </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems massive, erect, 5–7 cm diameter, apex scaly; scales, 12–15 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear, concolorus, brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds 1.0– 1.30 m, imparipinnate; petioles 40–50 cm, deep green, minutely scaly, spinose on lower part. Laminae 65–70 × 35–42 cm, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, usually viviparous at apical portion between terminal pinna and rachis, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; terminal pinna distinct, 12–15 × 8–10 cm, deltoid, apex acuminate, base subtruncate, margin lobed; lateral pinnae 10–15 pairs, alternate, about 12–15 × 5–6 cm, oblong, apex attenuate, base truncate, margin serrate or serrulate, sessile to shortly stalked, stalk 1–2 mm, longest at lower pinnae; vein strongly anastomosing. Sori as long as veinlet length, along veinlet, on some or all the veinlets, indusiate; indusial linear, thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 49.5–51.0 × 31.0–35.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Ranong (Phato), Trang, Yala (Banang Sata) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia and Papua New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist ground by streams in evergreen forests at low altitude.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chumphon, Lang Suan, A.F.  G. Kerr 12160 (BK, BM); Trang, C. Apasutaya 121a, ibis., 121b (BCU). INDONESIA. Java, D.R. Pleyte 2 (K); Jaya, G.M. Versteeg 1249 (K); Aru Islands, H.N. Moseley s.n. (K); Halmahera Toliwang, Idjan &amp; Mochtar 327 (K); Sulawesi, J. Dransfield 3810 (K); Lombok Sewela, J. Elbert 1979 (K); Sumatra, J.J. friastini 740a (K); Sumatra, K. Iwatsuki, G. Murata, J. Dransfield &amp; D. Saerudin S 1542 (K); no locality, L.L. Foman 126 (K); Mankowari, L.S. Gibbs 6159 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato G. Murata &amp; Y.P Mogea B4390 (K); Moluccas, M. Treub s.n. (K), Java, Millett s.n. (K); Sumatra, O. Beccari 428 (K); Sulawesi, P. Buwalda 3775 (K); Sumatra, P.W. Korthals s.n. (K); Batanta, Island, P.  van Royen (K); Java, T. Lobb s.n. (K); Morotai Island, T.W. Main &amp; Aden 802 (K); Java, V.F. Schiffner 189 (K); Seram Moluccas, W.H. de Vriese &amp; J.E. Teysmann 216 (K); Batjan Island Moluccas, W.H. de Vriese &amp; J.E. Teysmann 602 (K); Java, W.H. de Vriese 212 (K). MALAYSIA. Selangor, A.G. Piggott 1080 (K); Negri Sembilan Gunong Telapak Burok, A.G. Piggott 1961 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 3002 (K); Perak, C. Curtis 1359 (K); Perak, E.J. Strugnell 14516 (K); Pahang Telom, H.N. Ridley 13970 (K); Pahang, K. Iwatsuki, N. Fukuoka &amp; M. Hutoh 13657 (K). PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, C.M. Weber 1191 (K); Mindanao, E. Edano 8804 (BK); Luzon, E. Quisumbing M148 (K); ibis., E. Quisumbing M263 (K); Luzon, S. Vidaly Soler 1832 (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe, A. Millar &amp; R.E. Holttum NGF15877 (K); New Ireland, A.C. Jermy 7742 (K), Webb s.n. (K); Port Moresby Musgrave river, B. S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 4463 (K); Madang B. S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 8401 (K); no locality, C.E. Carr s.n. (P); Kokoda, C.E. Carr 16302 (K); Madang, D.B. Foreman &amp; R.I Dobunabu NGF45653 (K); Madang Ramu river, F.R.R. Schlechter 14147 (K); Kaiser Wilhelmsland Wobbe, F.R.R. Schlechter 16354 (K); New Ireland, G.W. Barclay s.n. (K); Morobe, H. Streimann &amp; A. Kairo NGF44438 (K); East Sepik J. Wiakabu LAE73594 (K); Northern Prov., L.E. Cheesman 60 (K); Madang, M. Coode &amp; P. Katik NGE32757 (K); Central District M. Pulsford 68 (K); Central Dist., R. Gebo &amp; M. Pulsford 477 (K); Northern Division, R.D. Hoogland 3367 (K); Morobe, R.E. Holttum 80 (K); Morobe, T.G. Hartley 10021 (K); St Aignan Island, W. MacGregor 110 (K); Morobe, W. Takeuchi &amp; A. Towati 15242 (K); Madang, W. Takeuchi et al. 13605 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E24CFFDC09E9BCBF1E7F2CF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E251FFDA09E9BE8B1A4E2934.text	DD531D17E251FFDA09E9BE8B1A4E2934.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium siamense C. Christensen 1931	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 23.  Diplazium siamense C. Christensen (1931: 332) . Fig. 29. </p>
            <p>  Type: THAILAND. Chiang Mai, Summit of Doi Chom Cheng, 1500–1650 m,  Rock 1507 (holotype GH)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 3–4 cm diameter, apex densely scaly; scales 10.0–12.0 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, linear, long tail at apex, brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds 0.85–1.2 m, pinnate; petioles 30–50 cm, 5–8 cm diameter, deep green, densely scaly at base. Laminae up to 55–70 × 30–40 cm, oblong in outline; terminal pinna distinct, 18–20 cm long, gradually narrowing towards attenuate apex, margin lobed; lateral pinnae 6–8 pairs, alternate, 20–25 × 3.5–4.0 cm, linear-oblong, apex acuminate, base subtruncate, margin lobed; lobe half way to midrib, stalked; stalks 1.5–2.0 cm; rachis and costa often bearing minute scales; veins free, pinnate, veinlets 8–9 pairs, mostly simple. Sori 3–4 mm, elongate along veinlets, close to main vein. Spores monolete, 35–40 × 22.5–27.5 µm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep, Mae Wang), Chiang Rai (Doi Pacho), Phitsanulok (Phu Hin Rong Kla, Phu Rom Rot), Nan (Doi Phuka, Khao Nok), Phrae (Mae Sai); NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun (Phu Miang), Loei (Na Haew, Phu Luang, Phu Suan Sai).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — China.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On humus-rich mountain slopes in mixed or evergreen forests at 850–1,500 m elev.</p>
            <p>Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, AR 69 (BCU); no locality, D.J. Middleton et al. 4926 (PSU); Loei, Phu Suan Sai, D.J. Middleton et al. 5115 (PSU); loei, Phu Luang, E. Hennipman 3621 (L); no locality, H. Koyama, H. Terao &amp; T. Wongprasert T33676 (BKF); Chiang Mai, Mae Wang, J.F. Maxwell 03-99 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, J.F. Maxwell 87-791 (L); K. Iwatsuki T4462 (BKF, L); Prae, Mae Sai, K. Winit 959 (BKF); Phitsanulok, Phu Hin Rong kla, P. Pongkai 16 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 17 (BCU); Chiang Rai, Doi Pacho, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T3681 (L); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 9 (BCU); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 148 (BCU); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, P. Srisanga &amp; P. Suksathan 3269 (QBG); Nan, Doi Phuka, T. Boonkerd 1574 (BCU); Petchchabun, Phu miang; T. Shimizu et al. T11367 (L); Nan, Khao Nok, W. La-ongsri et al. 1987 (QBG); Loei, Na Haew, W. Nanakorn 3875 (QBG).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E251FFDA09E9BE8B1A4E2934	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E257FFDA09E9BB5F1AC62E48.text	DD531D17E257FFDA09E9BB5F1AC62E48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium simplicivenium Holttum. A 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 24.  Diplazium simplicivenium Holttum (1940: 100) . Fig. 30. </p>
            <p> Type: MALAYSIA. Pahang, Holttum, R.E. 36507 (holotype SING!; isotype K000443625!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems massive, erect, 5–8 cm diameter, densely scaly at apex; scale 1.8–2.0 × 0.15–0.20 cm, linear, long tail at apex, brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds 1.8–2.4 m, bipinnate; petioles 0.8–1.0 m, 1.5–2.0 diameter, deep green, densely scaly at base. Laminae 1.0–1.4 × 0.8–1.0 m, ovate–deltoid, terminal pinna not distinct; pinnae 6–8 pairs, alternate, 54–60 × 25–28 cm, stalked; stalk about 1 cm, oblong in outline, apex acuminate, glabrous, papyraceous, green; pinnules 12–14 pairs, alternate, 10–12 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, sessile, oblong, apex long acuminate, base truncate, margin shallowly lobed; lobes less than ¼ way to midrib of pinnules, 5–8 mm broad subquadrangular, apex obtuse, margin subentire; veins free, pinnate, 5–6 pairs of each vein group. Sori usually more than 5 mm long, elongate along veinlets, diplazoid, indusiate; indusia thin, firm, persistant. Spores monolete, 51.0–54.5 × 30.5–34.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon), Tak (Umm Phang);ESTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sa Kaerat); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Khao Ngi Yai, Khao Yai, Thong Pha Phum), Uthai Thani (Ban Rai); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri (Khao Kiew); PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Klong Ton), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Khao Nan), Phangnga (Khao Pok), Trang (Khao Chong), Satun, Yala (Muang Wing) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Myanmar, Malaysia Philippines and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at medium elevations at 400–1500 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, A. Sathapattayanon 122 (BCU); Kanchanaburi, A.F.  G. Kerr 10422 (BK); Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 10477 (BK); Trung, Khao, Chong, C. Apasutaya 122 (BCU); Trang, Khao Chong, C. Charoenphol,  K. Larsen &amp; E. Warncke 3707 (L); Kanchanaburi, Khao Yai, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 290 (L); Uthai Thani, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; T. Santisuk 2894 (L); no locality, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; T. Santisuk 2894 (K); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, E. Hennipman 3458 (BKF); ibis., E. Hennipman 3458 (B); Chon Buri, Khao kiew, J.F. Maxwell 75-665 (L); Chonburi, J.F. Maxwell 75-665 (BK); Trang, Khao Chong,  M. tagawa &amp; I. Yamada T 202 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4803 (L); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, P. Pongkai 94 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 123 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 95 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 96 (BCU); Nakhon Ratchasima, Sa kaerat, T. Boonkerd 534 (BCU); Tak, Um Phang, T. Boonkerd 1848 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, S. Chantanaorapint &amp; W. Khwaiphan 420 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirichamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 151 (BCU); ibis., T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirichamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 208 (BCU); Trang, Khao Chong, T. Shimizu et al. T27456 (L); Kanchanaburi, T. Vongthavone 66 (BK); MYANMAR. Tenasserim Division, Tawer, J.F. Maxwell 98-327 (L); MALAYSIA. Pahang, A.G. Piggott 3116 (K); Selangor, B. Molesworth-Allen 4151 (K); Perak, B. Molesworth-Allen 4369 (K); Pahang, B.E.G.Molesworth-Allen 8329 (BM); Perak, Dr. King’s Collector 2214 (K); ibis., Dr. King’s Collector 2346 (K); ibis., Dr. King’s Collector 8420 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 12411 (K); Selangor, B. Molesworth-Allen, (K); Pahang, R. Jaman et al. RJ6011 (PE); Pahang, R.E. Holttum 36507 (K); ibis., R.E. Holttum SFN21636 (K); PHILIPPINES. Rizal, M. Ramos 956 (K); INDONESIA. Borneo, A.C. Jermy &amp; J.M. Rankin J14840 (BM); Sumatra, J.A. Lörzing 15667 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E257FFDA09E9BB5F1AC62E48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E257FFD909E9BCDB18D12CF8.text	DD531D17E257FFD909E9BCDB18D12CF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium sorzogonense (C. Presl) C. Presl 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 25.  Diplazium sorzogonense (C. Presl) C. Presl (1836: 114) . Fig. 31. </p>
            <p> Asplenium sorzogonense C. Presl (1825: 45) . </p>
            <p> Type: PHILLIPINES. Sorsogon, T. Haenke s.n. (lectotype PRC, designated by Holttum (1968), not seen) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 4–5 cm diameter, densely scaly at apex; scales 12–15 × 2–3 mm, linear with long tail apex, brown to dark brown, margin thick and toothed. Fronds 1.20–1.35 m, unipinnate-bipinnatipid, deep green, papyraceous; petioles 40–45 cm, 5–7 mm diameter, green, dark brown at lower portion, scaly throughout, grooved above. Laminae 80–90 × 35–40 cm, terminal pinna not distinct; rachis grooved above, scaly throughout; lateral pinnae 20–25 pairs, 15–20 × 2–3 cm, linear-oblong in outline, basal one or two pairs more or less reflexed, upper pinnae sessile, lower and middle pinnae shortly stalk, apex acuminate, base truncate or subtruncate, margin deeply lobed; lobes a 8–10 × 4.5–5 mm, to 4/5 way to midrib of pinnae, oblique, narrowly oblong, apex round, margin dentate; veins free, pinnate, veinlets 9–10 pairs, mostly simple. Sori 2–3 mm, elongate along veins, nearly to the margin, not extending to main veins, indisiate; indusia subcrescentic. Spores monolete, 37.5–45.0 × 22.5–25.0 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Khao Tong), Ranong (Kra buri), Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Khao Nan, Krung Ching waterfalls), Phang Nga (Khao Katha Khwam), Satul (Ban Dan), Yala (Ban Malao, Khao Kalakhiri).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — India, Laos, Veitnam, Malaysia Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On rather dry mountain slopes in dense evergreen forests at 600–1,400 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chumphun, A.F.  G. Kerr 11547 (BK, BM); Phung Nga, A.F.  G. Kerr 18476 (BM); ibis., A.F.  G. Kerr 18476 (BK); Ranong, Kra buri, D.J. Middleton et al. 1492 (BKF); Satul, Ban Dan, E. Smith 2626A (BM); Nakhorn Si Thammarat, Krung Ching waterfalls, P. Pongkai 30 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 49 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 119 (BCU); Surat Thani, Sakol 1235 (BK). INDIA. Khasya, W. Griffith s.n. (K). INDONESIA. Sumatra, A.G. de Wilde &amp; B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 19408 (K); Sarawak, Gunong Mulu National Park, C. Jermy (BM); Sulawesi, D. Darnaedi 1688 (K); Sulawesi, G.J. de Joncheere 1597 (K); Sumatra Mt., H. Wiriadinata 1450 (K); Sumatra, H.N. Ridley s.n. (K); Sumatra, J.A. Lörzing 15934 (K); Sumatra, K. Iwatsuki, G. Murata, J. Dransfield &amp; Saerudin S871 (K); Seram Manusela Nat. ParkSaunulu, Kec. Tehoru, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C11660 (K); Seram W. Seram, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C12973 (K). LAOS. Pu Bia, A.F.  G. Kerr 21051 (BM). MALAYSIA. Negeri Sembilan Gunong Telapak Burok, A.G. Piggott 1670 (K); Negeri Sembilan Gunong Telapak Burok, A.G. Piggott 1885 (K); Penang, C. Curtis 572 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Perak, Dr. King’s Collector 847 (K); ibis., Dr. King’s Collector 7151 (K); Perak, G.F. Hose 233 (K), Sabah, H.F. Comber 4055 (K); Selangor, H.N. Ridley 13432 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 15991 (K); Perak, J. Day s.n. (K); Kedah Gunong Lang,  Kiah, SFN 35012 (K), Penang, L. Dalhousie s.n. (K); Pahang, M. Nur 11198 (K); Malacca, M.D. Maingay 1773 (K); Penang, N. Wallich 228 (K); Pahang, R.E. Holttum s.n. (K); Sabah, R.E. Holttum SFN25579 (K); Penang, R.W. Hullet s.n. (K); Penang, S. coll. s.n. (K); Pahang, T. Shimizu, K. Iwatsuki, N. Fukuoka &amp; M. Hutoh M13886 (K); Penang, W. S. C. Pinwill s.n. (K); Penang, W.B. Lorrain 7043 (K); Penang, W.F. Mactier s.n. (K). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe Dist., B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 5975 (K); Koitaki, C.E. Carr 12071 (K); Central Dist., C.E. Carr 12545 (K); Mt. Dayman, W.E. Armit 14 (K). PHILIPPINES. Negros, A.D.E. Elmer 10392 (BM); Mindanao, A.D.E. Elmer 11805 (K); Surigao, C.A. Wenzel 2697 (K); Leyte, H. Cuming 301 (K); Mindanao, L. Co 3181 (K); Panay, Libacao, M. Ramos &amp; G. Edaño 31451 (K). SINGAPORE. Seletar, H.N. Ridley 6557 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E257FFD909E9BCDB18D12CF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E254FFD709E9BE8B18ED2980.text	DD531D17E254FFD709E9BE8B18ED2980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium subintegrum Holttum. A 1937	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 26.  Diplazium subintegrum Holttum (1937: 125) . Fig. 32. </p>
            <p> Type: MALAYSIA. Pahang, Holttum, R.E. 31350 (holotype SING, isotype K000443923!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 5–6 cm diameter, densely scaly at apex; scales 12–15 × 2–3 mm, narrowly-lanceolate with long tail apex, brown, concolorous, margin entire with caducous membrane. Fronds 60–75 cm, pinnate; petioles 30–40 cm, 4–5 mm diameter, nearly black, glabrous, densely scaly at lower part. Laminae unipinnate 30–35 × 15–20 cm, outline oblong; terminal pinna distinct, about 10 × 4 cm, subdeltoid, apex acuminate, margin near base lobed; lateral pinnae 10–12 pairs, 10–15 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, narrowly oblong, apex acuminate, base round, margin subentire to crenate, dentate or serrate near apex, stalked; stalks 1.5–2.0 mm long; veins free, pinnate, veinlets 2 pairs. Sori 8–10 mm, elongate along veinlets, diplazoid, usually on acroscopic veinlets of vein group, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, pale brown, persistent. Spores monolete, 37.5–45.0 × 25.0–27.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Phitsanulok (Salaeng Haeng) ;  CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai) ;  SOUTH-EASTERN: Prachinburi (Khao Yai) ,  Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao) ,  Trat (Koh Chang) ;  PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang, Khao Nan) ,  Yala . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On rather dry ground near stream banks in light shade at 800–1,000 m. elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Prachinburi, Khao Yai, C. Khunwasi 54 (BCU); Nakorn Nayok, Khao Yai, E. Hennipman 3998 (L); Nakorn Nayok, Khao Yai, J.F. Maxwell 01-535 (L); Nakorn Nayok, Khao Yai, K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T7379 (L); Nakorn Nayok, Khao Yai,  K. Larsen, T. Smitinand &amp; E. Warncke 163 (L); ibis.,  K. Larsen, T. Smitinand &amp; E. Warncke 312 (L); no locality,  M. Tagawa et al. T4790 (K); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao nan, P. Pongkai 35 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 66 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 67 (BCU) ibis., P. Pongkai 114 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 115 (BCU); Nakorn Nayok, Khao Yai, S. Chongko 50 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, T. Boonkerd 35 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirijamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 58 (BCU); Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao, T. Shimizu et al. T-23921 (L). INDONESIA. Java, PE-BO Team 28 (K). MALAYSIA. Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2424 (K); ibis., A.G. Piggott 2427 (K); Pahang, B. Molesworth-Allen 2929 (K); no locality, B.E.G. Molesworth-Allen 1328 (BM); Pahang, B.E.G. Molesworth-Allen 1712 (BM); Pahang, B.S. Parris 10583 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Perak, H.C. Robinson s.n. (K); Selangor, H.N. Ridley 7844 (K); Perak, J. Day s.n. (K); Pahang, K.M. Wong 35205 (K); Perak, R. Jaman &amp; Z. Mohamad 4148 (K); Pahang, R.E. Holttum 31350 (K); ibis., R.E. Holttum SFN23338 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E254FFD709E9BE8B18ED2980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E25AFFD709E9BB931BB62DD8.text	DD531D17E25AFFD709E9BB931BB62DD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium subserratum (Blume) T. Moore 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 27.  Diplazium subserratum (Blume) T. Moore (1862: 338) . Fig. 33. </p>
            <p> Asplenium subserratum Blume (1828: 174) . </p>
            <p>  Type: INDONESIA. Java,  Blume s.n. (holotype L0051577!)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems short, ascending to erect, 2–6 mm diameter, bearing a tuft of fronds and wiry roots, apex scaly; scales 1.0–1.2 × 0.3–0.5 cm, ovate, subtriangular, concolorous, dark brown to black, margin irregulary toothed. Fronds 50–65 cm, simple; petioles slender, 10–15 cm, 3–4 mm diameter, glabrous, dark brown at base. Laminae 40–50 × 3–4 cm, narrowly oblong, gradually narrowing towards at both ends, apex acuminate, base attenuate, margin subentire or irregulary undulate, upper edges serrate, lower edges dentate, glabrous, papyraceous, deep green; veins free, simple or once forked, extending to margin. Sori 8–12 mm, elongate along veins, close to midrib, usually on acroscopic veinlets of vein group. Spores monolete, 55.5–62.0 × 37.5–44.5 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: rough.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Narathiwat (Hala-Bala), Satun (Khao Khieo range), Yala (Ban Phu Khao Thong, Betong).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist mountain slope by streams in evergreen forest at about 700 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 14541 (BK); Narathiwat, hala-bala, T. Boonkerd &amp; R. Pollawatn 287 (BCU); Yala, Ban Phu Khao Thong, T. Boonkerd 1176 (BCU). INDONESIA. Java, C. Curtis 10 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 315 (K); ibis., E. Gardette 540 (K); Sumatra, H. Wiriadinata 1449 (K); Java, H. Zollinger 3092 (K); Sumatra, J.A. Lörzing 14148 (K); Sumatra, K. Iwatsuki, G. Murata, J. Dransfield &amp; Saerudin S844 (K); Java, M. Fleisher s.n. (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B3804 (K); ibis., M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B3506 (K); Java, M. Raciborski s.n. (K); Java, T. Lobb s.n. (K); Sumatra, W. Hancock 78 (K). MALAYSIA. Negri Sembilan Gunong Telapak Burok, A.G. Piggott 1633 (K); Perak, B. Scortechini s.n. (K); Penang, C. Curtis 570 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Sabah, C.V. Creagh s.n. (K); Perak, Dr. King’s Collector 2156 (K); ibis., Dr. King’s Collector 7121 (K); Pahang, E. Smith 865 (K) Perak, F.E.W. Venning MA68 (K); Perak, G.F. Hose s.n. (K); Pahang, G.H. Addison 37182 (K); ibis., G.H. Addison SFN37182 (K); Pahang, H.N. Ridley 13974 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 14225 (K), Sarawak, J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 20406 (K); Pahang, R.E. Holttum 11474 (K); Penang, W.F. Mactier s.n. (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E25AFFD709E9BB931BB62DD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E25AFFD209E9BC6B19852CB0.text	DD531D17E25AFFD209E9BC6B19852CB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium sylvaticum (Bory) Swartz 1806	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 28.  Diplazium sylvaticum (Bory) Swartz (1806: 92) . Fig. 34. </p>
            <p> Callipteris sylvativum Bory (1804: 282) . </p>
            <p>  Type : FRANCE, J. B. G. M. Bory s.n. (holotype P00483043 photo seen!)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 1.0– 1.5 cm diameter, scaly at apex; scales 5.5–6.0 × 0.4–0.8 mm, linear with long-tail apex, concolorous, dark brown to nearly black, margin toothed. Fronds 50–80 cm, pinnate; petioles 30–50 cm, 5–6 mm diameter, deep green when living, stramineous when dry, lower portion black, glabrous, base scaly. Laminae 20–30 × 15–20 mm, ovate-subdeltoid in outline, terminal pinna not distinct; lateral pinnae 8–11 pairs, 8–12 × 2.0– 4.5 cm, lower pinnae short stalked, upper pinnae sessile or adnate with rachis, subfalcate, apex acuminate, base subtruncate or obtuse, less auricled at acroscopic base, margin crenate to lobed, margin near apex dentate to serrate; veins free, pinnate, 3–4 pairs. Sori 3–5 mm, elongate along veins, often on every veinlet, longest on acrocsopic veinlets of vein group, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 56.0–60.5 × 32–40 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTHERN: Phitsanulok (Thung Salaeng Luang); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng), Uthai Thani (Ban Rai); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Khao Ngi Yai); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi (Kao Soi Dao), Trat (Koh Chang); PENINSULAR: Chumporn (Khao Tong), Krabi (Phanom Bencha), Surat Thani (Klong Ton, Ban Don), Phangnga, (Khao Pok), Phuket (Khao Pateaw), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Groong Ching waterfalls, Khao Luang, Khao Nan), Trang (Khao Chong), Satun, Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang waterfalls), Yala (Betong),</p>
            <p>Distribution: — India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slopes in moist places in dense evergreen forests at low to medium elevations, usually below 1,200 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Satun, A.F.  G. Kerr 14494 (BM); Krabi, A.F.  G. Kerr 18667 (BK); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3773 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching water falls, J.F. Maxwell 85-1127 (L, PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, J.F. Maxwell 85-314 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, J.F. Maxwell 85-314 (PSU); Trang, Khao Chong,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T5584 (L); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, N. Putthisawong 83 (PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, S. Chantanaorapint &amp; W. Khwaiphan 503 (BCU); Phuket, Khao Pateaw, T. Shimizu et al. T27214 (L). INDIA. Tamil Nadu, V.S. Manickam 32130 (L). INDONESIA. Bengkulu, C.J. Brooks 444 (L); Sumatera Selatan, C.J. Brooks 15860 (L); Java, C.L. Blume s.n. (K); Halimun Salak Mt., C.W. Weiran 360 (PE); Kampung Baru, D.R. Pleyte 448 (K); Papua, L.J. Brass 8826 (L): Maluku, Labillardière s.n. (L); Java, P. Molhuysen s.n. (L). MALAYSIA. Perak, Edwards 3675 (L); Kelantan, Henderson 19498 (BM); Pahang, K. Imin, M.Y. Chew &amp; K. Hisham 76149 (L); Perak, Scortechini s.n. (BM). PHILIPINES. Zamboanga del Sur, E.B. Copeland 1678 (BM); Davao del Sur, Elmer 10971 (BM). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Port Moresby Owers corner, B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 4441 (K); Morobe Dist., S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 8316 (K); ibis., B.S. Parris &amp; J.P. Croxall 9520 (K); Morobe Dist., C. Unkau 45 (K); East New Britain, D.B. Foreman LAE52111 (K); Morobe, J.R. Croft &amp; J.J. Marsh 894 (K); Rambutyo Island, J.R. Croft 1150 (K); Manus Island, J.R. Croft 1197 (K); West Sepik Prov., J.R. Croft 1548 (K); no locality, L.E. Cheesman 54 (K); Morobe,  T. Nakaike 439 (K). SRI LANKA. no locality, G. Gardner 34 (BM); Matale, G. H. K. Thwaites 1234 (BM); no locality, G. H. K. Thwaites 1349 (BM); no locality, G. Wall 38/217 (BM); ibis., Gardner s.n. (BM); ibis., I. Manton P 384 (BM); ibis., J. Macrae 882 (BM); Kandy, W.A. Sledge 1037 (BM); Ratnapura, W.A. Sledge 1286 (BM). Note: —This species is similar to  Diplazium phanerotis but differs from the latter in having scales with distinctly toothed margins, wider pinnae, and smaller auricle at acroscopic base. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E25AFFD209E9BC6B19852CB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E25FFFD109E9BEC319FE29C9.text	DD531D17E25FFFD109E9BEC319FE29C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium thailandicum Pongkai, Boonkerd & Pollawatn 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 29.  Diplazium thailandicum Pongkai, Boonkerd &amp; Pollawatn (2018: 227) . Fig. 35, 36. </p>
            <p>  Type : THAILAND. P  .   Pongkai 107 (holotype BCU!)  . </p>
            <p> Plants terrestrial. Stem creeping, 0.5–1.0 cm diameter, densely corvered with scales; scales 8–10 × 1–2 mm, linear lanceolate with long tail apex, concolorous, dark brown to nearly black, denticulate and thick at margin. Fronds 72–93 cm, monomorphic, imparipinnate; petioles 29-47 cm, 3–5 mm in diameter, deep green when living, brown when dried, black and scaly at base, groove above. Laminae 43–50 × 23–33 cm, ovate to lanceolate-oblong in outline, papyraceous; rachises groove, glabrous; pinnae 5–8 pairs, subopposite to alternate, terminal pinna distinct, different  form lateral pinnae; terminal pinna 17–19 ×3.5–8.0 cm, narrowly ovate in outline with usually slightly pinnatisect at base, widest at base, apex long acuminate, base obtuse to subtruncate, margin subentire to slightly lobe; largest lobe 2.0–4.5 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, margin subentire; lateral pinnae 14–22 × 2.5–3.0 cm, oblong, apex long acuminate, base obtuse to subtruncate sometimes slightly oblique, margin subentire to shallowly lobed, serrate near apex, stalked; stalk 2–4 mm; vein all free, veinlets 3–4 pairs, pinnate, reaching margin. Sori curved, elongate along veinlet, 0.5–0.7 cm, half way between midrib and margin, usually on acroscopic veinlet of each vein group, close to midrib, indusiate; indusia linear, thin, persistence; spores monolete, bilateral symmetric, kidney-shaped, 61.5–63.0 × 31–32 μm, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds. </p>
            <p> Thailand: —NORTHERN: Chiang Rai (Me Lao), Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep), Nakhon Sawan (Doi Musae), Phitsanulok (Mun Daeng Waterfalls), Phitsanulok (Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park), Petchaburi (  Kaeng Krachan National Park ). </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Thailand.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On shady valleys at an elevation ranging from 570–1,700 m.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chiang Rai, Me Lao, Winit 958 (K); Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep,  M. Tagawa &amp; N. Kitagawa T3859 (K); Nakhon Sawan, Doi Musae, E. Hennipman 3056 (L); Phitsanulok, Mun Daeng Waterfalls, P. Pongkai 110 (BCU); ibis., Pteridophyte trip 72 (BCU); ibis., W. Rattanathirakul 29, 106 (BCU); Petchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park, K. Williams 1130 (L). </p>
            <p> Note: —This species is also similar to the recently describe species,  Diplazium yinchanianum Zi Y. Liu, H.J. Wei &amp; Y.H. Yan (2018: 143) in having creeping rhizome, once-pinnate frond and scales with denticulate and thick margins, but differs in having oblong pinnae with obtuse to subtruncate or slightly oblique base and subentire margins, stalk &lt;4 mm, and sori usually borne on acroscopic veinlet of each vein group. In contrast,  D. yinchanianum has pinnae with oblong-lanceolate or sickle-shaped lanceolate, rounded or shallowly cordate base, and dentate margins, stalk&gt; 4 mm, and sori borne on all veinlets of each vein group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E25FFFD109E9BEC319FE29C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E25CFFAF09E9B85B186C2AE0.text	DD531D17E25CFFAF09E9B85B186C2AE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium tomentosum Blume. A 1828	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 30.  Diplazium tomentosum Blume (1828: 192) . Fig. 37. </p>
            <p>  Type : INDONESIA. Blume s.n. (holotype L0051073!)  . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 0.4–1.0 cm diameter, bearing wiry roots, apex scaly; scales about 1.0 × 0.3 cm, narrowly-lanceolate with long-tail apex, concolorous dark brown, margin entire. Fronds 35–52 cm, pinnate; petioles 15–25 cm, 2–3 mm diameters, tomentose, brown to nearly black, lower portion scaly. Laminae 20–27 × 8–13 cm, narrowly-deltoid in outline, deep green, iridescent blue when living; rachis densely covered with short multicellular hairs with brown septa; pinnae 25–30 pairs, terminal pinna not distinct, lateral pinnae gradually becoming smaller upwards, lower pinnae largest, about 5 × 1 cm, linear-lanceolate, sessile or shortly stalked, upper pinnae sessile, lower and middle pinnae shortly stalked, basal pairs more or less reflexed, acroscopic base auricled, apex acute, base subtruncate, margin serrate to lobe; lobes about 5 × 3 mm, 1/3–2/3 way to costa, oblique, oblong, apex acute; veins pinnate, veinlets simple or forked. Sori 2–3 mm, elongate along vein, on basal acroscopic veinlets, indusiate; indusia narrowly-oblong, crescentic, persistent. Spores monolete, 30.0–34.5 × 24.5–26.0 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p>Thailand: —NORTHERN: Nan (Doi Phuka); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai), Prachinburi (Khao Yai); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khao Sabap, Khao Sip-ha Chan), Trat (Bo Rai), Prachin Buri; PENINSULAR: Chimphon (Lang Suan, Patoh), Surat Thani (Khao Nom Sao), Krabi (Phanom Bencha), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Groong Ching waterfalls, Khao Luang, Khao Nan,), Trang (Khao Sung), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang waterfalls), Narathiwat (Phu Khao Thong, Sukirin, Waeng).</p>
            <p>Distribution: — Myanmar, Veitnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On mountain slopes in moist, shady evergreen forests at 200–1,250 m elev.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Chumphon,Lang Suan, A.F.  G. Kerr 12015 (BK, BM); Krabi, A.F.  G. Kerr 18673 (BM, BK); Nakhon Ratchasima, A.F.  G. kerr 9511 (BK); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, B. Ohusing et al. 3 (PSU); Trung, C. Apasutaya 127 (BCU); Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang waterfalls, C. Kraithep 23 (PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, C.F.  van Beusekom &amp; C. Phengklai 806 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, E. Hennipman 3799A (L); ibis., E. Hennipman 3818 (B, BM, L); Prachinburi, Khao Yai, E. Hennipman 3988 (L); Nakorn Nayok, Khao Yai, J.F. Maxwell 01-356 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Groong Ching waterfall, J.F. Maxwell 86-327 (L); Narathiwat, Sukirin, J.F. Maxwell 87-259 (PSU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, J.F. Maxwell 87-327 (PSU); Chanthaburi, Khao Sip-ha Chan, K. Kertsawang 580 (QBG);  K. Larsen et al. 40896 (K); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4622 (L); ibis.,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T4681 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki, H. Koyama &amp; A. Chintayungkun T4622 (L); Nan, Doi Phuka, P. Pongkai 31 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 57 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 58 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 59 (BCU); ibis., P. Pongkai 117 (BCU); Narathiwas, Phu Khao Thong, T. Boonkerd 1518 (BCU); Chumphon, Patoh, T. Boonkerd 1534 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, T. Boonkerd 330 (BCU). BRUNEI. Tutong Dist., M.J.E. Coode 6321 (K); Temburong P.S. Ashton 467 (K). INDONESIA. Java, C.L. Blume s.n. (K); Halimun-Salak, C.W. Weiran 197 (PE); ibis., C.W. Weiran 343 (PE); Sumatra Jambi Prov., E. Gardette 190 (K); Sumatra, E. Gardette 351 (K); Borneo, F.W. Burbidge s.n. (K); Java, G. Mettenius 4581 (K); Sumatra, K. Iwatsuki, G. Murata, J. Dransfield &amp; Saerudin S872 (K); Kalimantan, K. Iwatsuki, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B393 (K); Seram, M. Kato, K. Ueda &amp; Z. Fanani C13363 (K); Kalimantan, M. Kato, M. Okamoto &amp; E.B. Walujo B10242 (K); Kalimantan, T.G. Laman, I.A. Rachman &amp; E. Mirmanto 93 (K); ibis., T.G. Laman, I.A. Rachman &amp; E. Mirmanto 105 (K); ibis., T.G. Laman, I.A. Rachman &amp; E. Mirmanto 253 (K); Sumatra, W. Hancock 16 (K). MALAYSIA. Perak, A. Ernst 1151 (K); no locality, A.C. Maingay 1772 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 1549 (K); Burok, A.G. Piggott 1864 (K); Negeri Sembilan Gunong Telapak, A.G. Piggott 1903 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2429 (K); Selangor, A.G. Piggott 2755 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 3101 (K); Selangor, B. Molesworth-Allen 3383 (K); Perak, B. Scortechini s.n. (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris &amp; P.J. Edwards 10394 (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris 10884 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris 11373 (K); Sarawak, B.S. Parris 6566 (K); ibis., B.S. Parris 6572 (K); Penang, C. Curtis 1267 (K); Selangor, C.B. Kloss s.n. (K); no locality, D.F.A. Hervey &amp; H.N. Ridley 4340 (K); Selangor, D.W. Lee UL28 (K); Perak, Dr. King’s Collector 658 (K); ibis., Dr. King’s Collector 2412 (K); ibis., Dr. King’s Collector 10751 (K); Pahang, E. Smith 818 (K); Trengganu, E.J.H. Corner 30104 (K); Negeri Sembilan Bukit Tangga, E.S. Hose &amp; G. Hose 5043 (K); Perak, F.E.W. Venning MA85 (K); Perak, G.F. Hose s.n. (K); Pahang, G.H. Addison SFN37191 (K); Borneo,  Giles &amp; Wooliams 294 (K); Malacca, H. Cuming 131 (K); ibis., H. Cuming 386 (K); Perak, H.C. Robinson s.n. (K); Sabah, H.F. Comber 4135 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 11428 (K); Selangor, H.N. Ridley 13438 (K); Perak, H.N. Ridley 14224 (K); Pahang, H.N. Ridley 16213 (K); Selangor, H.N. Ridley s.n. (K); ibis., H.N. Ridley s.n. (K); Selangor, H.N. Ridley, W. Robinson &amp; C.B. Kloss s.n. (K); Perak, J. Day s.n. (K); Perak, J. Sinclair &amp;  Kiah 38744 (K); Negeri Sembilan Bukit Tannga, M. Nur s.n. (K); Johore, P.J. Edwards 1906 (K); Sabah, P.S. Shim SAN81806 (K); Selangor Kanching Forest, R. Melville 4744 (K); Negeri Sembilan Gunong Tampin, R.E. Holttum 9537 (K); Pahang, R.E. Holttum s.n. (K); Perak, R.H. Yapp 520 (K); Malacca, W. Griffith s.n. (K); Perak, W. Robinson s.n. (K). PHILIPPINES. No locality, H. Cuming 336 (K). SINGAPORE. Bukit Timah, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E25CFFAF09E9B85B186C2AE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
DD531D17E222FFAF09E9B97319E22FA8.text	DD531D17E222FFAF09E9B97319E22FA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplazium xiphophyllum (Baker) C. Christensen 1906	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 31.  Diplazium xiphophyllum (Baker) C. Christensen (1906: 241) . Fig. 38. </p>
            <p> Athyrium xiphophyllum Baker (1879: 40) . </p>
            <p> Type: MALAYSIA. Veitch, s.n. (holotype K000491792!; isotype K000491791!) . </p>
            <p>Plants terrestrial. Stems erect, 4–5 cm diameter, clothed with scales at apex; scales 10–15 × 1.5–2.0 mm, linear with long tail apex, concolorous, brown, margin entire. Fronds up to 1.4 m, pinnate; petioles up to 80 cm, 5–6 mm diameter, glabrous, light green, dark brown and scaly near base. Laminae 50–60 × 40–50 cm, oblong in outline, glabrous, subcoriaceous, light green; terminal pinna distinct like lateral one, 15–20 × 3–4 cm, oblong, apex attenuate, base cuneate, margin subentire or lobed; lateral pinnae 4–7 pairs, alternate, 25–30 × 4–5 cm, oblong, apex attenuate, base cuneate, margin subentire, stalked; stalks 2–3 mm; veins pinnate, veinlets 2 pairs, free, occasionally anastomosing but never copiously; gemmae sometimes present on rachis. Sori 2.0– 2.5 cm, elongate along veinlets, usually longest on basal veinlets of vein group, diplazoid; indusia thin, persistance. Spores monolete, 32.5–40.0 × 25.5–27.0 μm, bilateral, concavo-convex to plano-convex, perispore present; ornamentation: prominent wing folds.</p>
            <p> Thailand: —PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Groong Ching waterfalls, Khao Luang, Khao Nan), Narathiwat (Ban Waeng), Yala (Ban Chana) . </p>
            <p>Distribution: — Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Ecology: —On moist mountain slopes in shady dense evergreen forests at medium elevations.</p>
            <p> Specimens Examined:— THAILAND. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang,  M. Tagawa , K. Iwatsuki &amp; N. Fukuoka T5304 (L); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, P. Pongkai 113 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krungm Ching waterfalls, P. Pongkai 143 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, S. Chantanaorapint &amp; W. Khwaiphan 62 (BCU); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan, T. Boonkerd, Y. Sirichamorn &amp; C. Sanguansab 241 (BCU). BRUNEI. Temburong, A.D. Poulsen 114 (K). INDONESIA. Sumatra, E. Gardette 359 (K); Borneo, F.W. Burbidge s.n. (K); ibis., Veitch s.n. (K). MALAYSIA. Pahang, A,G. Piggott 2915 (K); ibis., A,G. Piggott 2956 (K); ibis., A,G. Piggott 2963 (K); ibis., A,G. Piggott 3000 (K); Selangor, A,G. Piggott 3139 (K); Pahang, A.G. Piggott 2963 (K); Selangor, A.G. Piggott 3139 (K); Perak, B. Molesworth-Allen 2732 (K); ibis., B. Molesworth-Allen 2858 (K); Pahang, B.S. Parris &amp; P.J. Edwards 10403 (K); Sabah, B.S. Parris 10720 (K); Perak, C. Curtis 1361 (K); Sabah, C.B. Kloss SFN19028 (K); Perak, C.G. Matthew s.n. (K); Perak, G.F. Hose 285 (K); Selangor, H.N. Ridley 7833 (K); Sabah, J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 29406 (K); ibis., J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 29438 (K); Sabah, J. Low s.n. (K); Kalimantan, K. Iwatsuki, M. Kato, G. Murata &amp; Y.P. Mogea B1910 (K); Kinabalu, M.S. Clemens 29438 (BM); Sabah, R.E. Holttum SFN25258 (K); Selangor, R.E. Holttum SFN37357 (K); Perak, W. Robinson 39 (K); Sabah, W.L. Chew, E.J.H. Corner &amp; A. Stainton 1438 (K). PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, A.D.E. Elmer 11319 (K); ibis., A.D.E. Elmer 11745 (K); Paragua, E.D. Merrill 746 (K); Leyte, H. Cuming 305 (K). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD531D17E222FFAF09E9B97319E22FA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pongkai, Puttamon;Zhang, Li-Bing;Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi;Pollawatn, Rossarin	Pongkai, Puttamon, Zhang, Li-Bing, Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Pollawatn, Rossarin (2023): Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand. Phytotaxa 631 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.631.1.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.631.1.1/51384
