identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9ADCB2BAC13F532EA18EC75E451E039D.text	9ADCB2BAC13F532EA18EC75E451E039D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterocypris Claus 1892	<div><p>Genus Heterocypris Claus, 1892</p><p>Brief diagnosis.</p><p>(after Meisch 2000 and Karanovic 2012): valves asymmetrical, the left valve (LV) longer and higher, overlapping the right valve (RV). In the dorsal area, LV lacks a hump, or gibbosity, and the RV has margins bearing denticles (Victor and Fernando 1980; Martens et al. 2019). Antenna with natatory setae extending beyond the tips of terminal claws, maxillular palp two-segmented, with the third endite bearing two-segmented and serrated teeth. Walking leg (T 2) with a small seta d 1; cleaning leg (T 3) with a seta at the tip of the segment transformed into a pincer organ; uropodal ramus well developed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ADCB2BAC13F532EA18EC75E451E039D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio;Karanovic, Ivana;Echeverría-Galindo, Paula;Frenzel, Peter;Pérez, Liseth;Börner, Nicole;Dulias, Katharina;Wang, Junbo;Schwalb, Antje	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio, Karanovic, Ivana, Echeverría-Galindo, Paula, Frenzel, Peter, Pérez, Liseth, Börner, Nicole, Dulias, Katharina, Wang, Junbo, Schwalb, Antje (2025): Heterocypris exodonta sp. nov. (Ostracoda, Cyprididae), morphological and molecular description of a high altitude asexual microcrustacean from the Nam Co region, Southern Tibetan Plateau. ZooKeys 1264: 207-248, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.140174
34BDF600157A591BA7007A17F92C8AE0.text	34BDF600157A591BA7007A17F92C8AE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterocypris exodonta Bonilla-Flores & Karanovic 2025	<div><p>Heterocypris exodonta Bonilla-Flores &amp; Karanovic sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4, 5</p><p>Heterocypris aff. salina: Vences et al. 2024: 1–9.</p><p>Heterocypris cf. salina: Echeverría-Galindo et al. 2021: 982–996.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Temporary pond near Nam Co, Southern Tibetan Plateau.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: China • 1 female, Nam Co, Southern Tibetan Plateau, appendages mounted on a glass slide, and the valves stored in a micropaleontological slide. Size RV: length = 1214 µm, height = 652 µm; LV: length = 1220 µm, height = 690 µm. Echeverría-Galindo et al. (2021) leg. Paratypes: China • 7 females, in addition, eleven RV and nine LV separated; same location as holotype. Size RV: length = 994–1322 µm, height = 544–732 µm; LV: length = 1001–1337 µm, height = 555–734 µm, each specimen’s soft body mounted on a glass slide; valves stored in micropaleontological slides .</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>China • 1 female collected from Taro Co, STP, site TIP 11-84 (Table 1). Size RV: length = 1113 µm, height = 610 µm; LV: length = 1135 µm, height = 624 µm; P. Frenzel leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(adult females, Figs 2, 3) Valves elongated in lateral view. LV overlaps RV on all free margins. It is distinguished by a flattened dorsal margin and a pronounced row of blunt denticles on the anterior and posterior margins of the RV. The inner lamella is broad, and the inner list is well-developed, particularly in the LV. On the internal side, normal pores with a turbine shape but without a bristle in the center. The exopod seta in A 2 is relatively shorter than the length of the second endopodal segment. Upper lip has a broad lip with a patch of pseudochaetae present laterally, immediately above the mouth opening. The second endopodal segment in T 2 is proportionally short and the claw h 2 is long. General shape of lobes is elongated, medium width; curvature of lobes is smooth, continuous; shape of apex is truncate with retrograde beak.</p><p>Dimensions.</p><p>Female, RV: length = 994–1322 µm, height = 544–732 µm; LV: length = 1001–1337 µm, height = 555–734 µm.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>Valves: Surface of both valves with numerous normal rimmed (type A 2; Danielopol et al. 2018) pores, each carrying one seta, as well as striations, and foveolae (Fig. 3 A 7 – A 8, B 7 – B 8). In lateral view, lacks a hump on the dorsal side. RV with broad inner lamella and anterior and posterior margins with a well-differentiated row of denticles blunt, with inner list along anterior margin. LV with broad inner lamella in internal view (Fig. 2 A 2, B 2). Normal pores on inner side with turbine-shaped opening and without a bristle in the center (Fig. 2 A 5, A 6, B 5, B 6). Color yellowish (Fig. 3).</p><p>Description of soft parts: Antennule (Fig. 4 A). Seven-segmented: segment I with three long posterodistal setose setae, and one short, smooth seta anteromedially. Segment II with one smooth distal seta anteriorly, and a Rome organ posteriorly. Segment III with one short, smooth distal seta on each side. Segment IV with four distal setae: two long setae located anteriorly, and two shorter, smooth setae spanning to segment VII. Segments V and VI with same chaetotaxy as segment IV, however, the ventral setae are longer. Additionally, segment VI bears a short alpha seta not present in the preceding segments. Segment VII with three setae distally (two long, one short; long ones setose, short one smooth), plus aesthetasc ya, which is 67 µm long, 2 × longer than the terminal segment with 30 µm.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 4 B). Five-segmented: coxa with three short setae; protopod or basis robust, with a smooth ventral distal seta. First endopodal segment with aesthetasc Y with distal dots; with five long swimming setae, and one small additional seta at the anterodistal side. Additionally, this segment includes one long setose seta posterodistally. Second endopodal segment with four t-setae (t 1 – t 4), and aesthetascs y 1, and y 2, all situated posteromedially to posterodistally. Distally, this segment bears three long, thin z-setae and claws G 1, G 2, and G 3. Claws G 1 and G 3 are approximately equal in length, while G 2 is slightly shorter. Terminal segment with an aesthetasc y 3 and claws GM and Gm; the former being more robust and slightly longer than the latter. Exopodal seta measures 205 µm in length, longer than the first (162 µm) and second (98 µm) endopodal segments. The second endopodal segment is 0.48 × the length of the exopodal seta.</p><p>Upper lip and rake-like organ (Fig. 5 A, B). Measurements on the upper lip were taken as follows: l — length (263 µm), h — height (61 µm), hp — position of the maximum height (186 µm), in accordance with Karan-Žnidaršič and Petrov (2014). A large patch of dense pseudochaetae was present laterally, immediately above the mouth opening. Rake-like organ with nine teeth on the right and ten on the left.</p><p>Mandibular coxa (Fig. 4 C). With seven teeth, two setose distal setae, and one plumose seta situated subdistally. In addition, three groups of thick, short setae situated between teeth number three and four, and five, and close to inner end. One-seta between first and second, and second and third largest teeth.</p><p>Mandibular palp (Fig. 4 D). Four-segmented: first segment with respiratory plate (exopod) with six rays similar in length. Ventrally on the same segment, there are four setae: two plumose, one smooth, and one short, thin α-seta. The second segment carries ventrally a group of four long setae and a β-seta that is short, relatively thin, and setose. Dorsally on the same segment there are five long, smooth setae. Penultimate segment with nine smooth setae, and short, thick, setose, γ-seta. Segment IV with six smooth setae distally, two of which are short and thin.</p><p>Maxillula (Fig. 4 E). Maxillular palp two-segmented: first segment with six long, smooth setae, while second segment cylindrical featuring five smooth setae. The third endite of the maxillula palp features two serrated Zahnborsten. We identified five setae on endite 3, seven on endite 2, and eight on endite 1.</p><p>T 1 (Fig. 4 F). Endopod with three smooth, unequal setae, situated apically. Exopod (branchial plate) with six hirsute rays; protopod with 13 smooth setae. Two setae a short, setae d and b are present.</p><p>T 2 (Fig. 5 C). Five-segmented: incompletely divided protopod and five-segmented endopod. Basal segment with seta d 1. First endopodal segment with seta e, overpassing the following segment. Second segment with seta f and third with a small seta near seta g. Terminal segment with short h 1 and h 3 setae, and h 2 transformed into finely serrated, distally curved claw. The length of the second endopodal segment measures 10 µm, representing 51 % the length of the claw, which measures 203 µm.</p><p>T 3 (Fig. 5 D). Four-segmented: basal segment with d 1, d 2, and dp setae present. Second segment bears a long distal e seta, while the last segment has a slightly shorter f seta. In the distal region of the last segment (fused 4 th segment), with its setae transformed into a pincer-shaped organ (all setae short except h 3).</p><p>Uropodal ramus (Fig. 5 E). Elongated with two distal claws, Ga (144 µm) exceeding Gp (98 µm) in length, and one shorter setose Sp (61 µm). Additionally, a seta Sa is present and two simple caudal ramus attachments are observed.</p><p>Female genital lobe (Fig. 5 F). Lobe inverted in Fig. 5 F to better represent shape. Incomplete crescent shape, with a vaginal opening displaying a tubular intersection. General shape of lobes is elongated, medium width; curvature of lobes is smooth and continuous; shape of apex is truncate with a retrograde beak.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Greek exo (outside) and donta (tooth); in relation to the well-defined crenulated teeth (pustules) observed along the anterior and posterior margins of the right valve (Fig. 2 A 1, A 3, A 4, B 1, B 3, B 4).</p><p>Reproduction.</p><p>Possibly asexual.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Nam Co and Taro Co, STP.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>This species was collected from surface sediments in a temporary pond with aquatic vegetation. According to limnological data (Table 1), this species inhabits fresh, alkaline, and low oxygenated waters (3.5 mg / l).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34BDF600157A591BA7007A17F92C8AE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio;Karanovic, Ivana;Echeverría-Galindo, Paula;Frenzel, Peter;Pérez, Liseth;Börner, Nicole;Dulias, Katharina;Wang, Junbo;Schwalb, Antje	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio, Karanovic, Ivana, Echeverría-Galindo, Paula, Frenzel, Peter, Pérez, Liseth, Börner, Nicole, Dulias, Katharina, Wang, Junbo, Schwalb, Antje (2025): Heterocypris exodonta sp. nov. (Ostracoda, Cyprididae), morphological and molecular description of a high altitude asexual microcrustacean from the Nam Co region, Southern Tibetan Plateau. ZooKeys 1264: 207-248, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.140174
90F3767EB81E5FF495B3A1EC6601795B.text	90F3767EB81E5FF495B3A1EC6601795B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr 1808)	<div><p>Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr, 1808)</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8, 9</p><p>Cypris incongruens Ramdohr, 1808: figs 1–12, 15, 16, 19, 20.</p><p>Cypris fusca Straus: Fischer 1851: 156–157, pl. VIII, figs 9–13, pl. IX, figs 1–6, pl. XI, figs 10–12.</p><p>Cypris incongruens Ramdohr: Brady 1868: 362–364, pl. XXIII, figs 16–22.</p><p>Cypris incongruens Ramdohr: Vávra 1891: 95–98, fig. 32.</p><p>Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr), comb. nov.: Claus 1892: 161.</p><p>Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr): Sars 1924: pt. II, p. 116–117, pl. IV, figs 1, 2.</p><p>Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr): Poulsen 1940: 54–56, fig. 22.</p><p>Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr): Hartmann 1964: 33–34.</p><p>Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr): Meisch 2000: 346–351, figs 145, 146 A – E.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Mexico • 10 females (size RV length = 1301–1404 µm, height = 740–803 µm; LV length = 1318–1455 µm, height = 805–853 µm); San Nicolas Tetelco, Mexico City; M. Bonilla-Flores leg. China • 1 female from Luo Ma, STP (TIP 08-4) (size RV length = 1629 µm, height = 917 µm; LV length = 1647 µm, height = 958 µm) ; • 1 female from Taro Co, STP (TIP 11-84) (size RV length = 1231 µm, height = 685 µm; LV length = 1252 µm, height = 697 µm); • twelve females from Taro Co, STP (TIP 11-99) (size RV length = 1319–1405 µm, height = 741–826 µm; LV length = 1313–1336 µm, height = 768–807 µm); P. Frenzel leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(adult female, Figs 6, 7) (Meisch 2000): valves elongated in lateral view. RV is smaller than LV, the latter overlapping the right. The highest part is in the middle of the valves. RV with row of inconspicuous denticles in internal view on both margins, with a narrow inner lamella and inner list (Fig. 6 A 1, A 3, A 4, B 1, B 3, B 4). LV without inner list (Fig. 6 A 2, B 2). On the inner surface of the valve, there are normal, turbine-shaped pores with a bristle. The upper lip has a patch of medially positioned setae located in the middle region, approximately within the first third of the length from the mouth opening. Female genital lobes are subtriangular, the intersection displays a small beak-like projection, but the constriction is not pronounced. The lobes have a nearly straight distal margin.</p><p>Dimensions.</p><p>Adult females, RV ranges: length = 1136–1648 µm, height = 658–942 µm; LV length = 1134–1671 µm, height = 686–953 µm.</p><p>Valves.</p><p>External surface with numerous normal pores (Fig. 7 A 5, A 6, B 5, B 6), striations, foveolae in antero-dorsal zone. In lateral view, dorsal side is arched. RV features a thin inner lamella, small crenulated teeth on anterior and posterior margins. LV with a thin inner lamella in internal view. Normal pores on inner surface have a turbine shape with a bristle (Fig. 6 A 6, B 5, B 6), but on external surface, pores present bristles and a rim (Fig. 7 A 7, A 8, B 7, B 8). Color yellowish.</p><p>Description of soft parts.</p><p>(Figs 8, 9) Antennule (Fig. 8 A). Seven-segmented: segment I bears two long, setose setae on the posterodistal side and a short seta on the anterodorsal region. Segment II possesses a short seta on the anterior side. Segment III carries two short setae distally. Segment IV with three setae: two long ones on the anterior region and one short seta extending beyond segment V. Segment V features four setae, with those on the ventral side being longer. Segment VI bears a distal α-seta and four long setae. Segment VII with three distal setae, two long and one short. One aesthetasc ya, measuring 103 µm (twice the length of the terminal segment, 45 µm long).</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 8 B). Five-segmented: coxa with three short setae (illustrated incompletely); robust basis, with one long ventral seta. Exopod with three setae; two short ones and a long one. The first endopodal segment bears a two-segmented aesthetasc (Y) and five long swimming setae in the apical part, reaching to the tip of the claws, and one short seta. The second endopodal segment has four t-setae (t 1 – t 4) and two aesthetascs (y 1 in the posteromedial part and y 2 in the posterodistal part). Distally, this segment bears three long, thin z-setae and three claws (G 1, G 2, and G 3). Claws G 1 and G 3 are approximately equally long, while G 2 is shorter. The terminal segment features an aesthetasc (y 3), one g seta, and claws (GM and Gm). Exopod longest seta measures 147 µm in length, longer than the first (153 µm) and second (106 µm) endopodal segment; the length ratio of the second endopodal segment is 0.72 × that of the exopod longest seta.</p><p>Upper lip (Fig. 9 A) has a distinctive internal reticulation. Measurements on the upper lip were taken as follows: length (290 µm), height (77 µm), position of the maximum height (208 µm), in accordance with Karan-Žnidaršič and Petrov (2014). A patch of medially positioned setae is in the middle region, approximately within the first third of the length from the mouth opening. Rake-like organ with nine teeth on the right and ten on the left.</p><p>Mandibular coxa (Fig. 8 C). With seven teeth and one plumose subdistal seta.</p><p>Mandibular palp (Fig. 8 D). Four-segmented: first segment bears a respiratory plate with six rays of similar length, plus three long distal setae, and an α seta. Second segment with a β seta, with four additional setae, including three long distal ones. Third segment features a γ seta on the apical part, and this same segment has nine setae in the distal region. Fourth segment features five setose setae, each measuring twice the length of the segment.</p><p>Maxillula (Fig. 8 E). Palp two-segmented: the first one bears a long, smooth seta with four setose setae, and the second segment is quadrangular in shape with five smooth long setae. The third endite holds two serrated two serrated Zahnborsten, plus five distal and a subdistal setae. Second endite with eight setae, and first endite with nine distal setae and two setae with rays in the basal region.</p><p>T 1 (Fig. 8 F). With two setae a, one b, and one d at the endopod. Exopod with six hirsute rays; protopod with 13 setose distal setae.</p><p>T 2 (Fig. 9 B). Five-segmented: the first one with a short seta d 1. The second segment bears a long distal seta (e). The third segment has a setose distal seta (f). Segment four possesses a distal long seta (g) with a shorter seta. Segment five with short setae h 1 and h 3 and a claw-like seta h 2 with spinules. The length of the second endopodal segments measures 108 µm, representing 59 % of the length of the claw, which measures 183 µm.</p><p>T 3 (Fig. 9 C). Four-segmented: first segment bears a short, smooth d 1 - seta. In the distal region, there is a long setose seta d 2, and a seta dp as long as the third segment. Second segment features a setose distal seta (e). Third segment displays a medial f-seta, a reduced h 1 seta in the distal part (fused 4 th segment), a segmented h 2 seta, and a long h 3 setose seta.</p><p>Uropodal ramus (Fig. 9 D). Elongated structure with two distal claws — Ga (174 µm), exceeding Gp (122 µm) in length — and one shorter setose Sp (94 µm). A Sa seta is present, shorter than Sp, and two caudal ramus attachments are observed.</p><p>Female genital lobes (Fig. 9 E) have an intersection with a triangular shape. General shape of lobes is elongated and relatively broad; curvature of lobes is more open and straighter; shape of apex is pointed, without truncation.</p><p>Reproduction.</p><p>Commonly asexual populations (Meisch 2000), with records of males from a man-made pond, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey (Yavuzatmaca and Külköylüoğlu 2019), and several sexual records in Europe (Horne and Martens 1999)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Recorded from numerous places, it is cosmopolitan (Meisch 2000).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species predominantly inhabits temporary ponds with vegetation cover (Meisch 2000; Mischke 2012). In accordance with our limnological data (Table 1), this species was found in freshwater to brackish, alkaline to oxygenated waters (average 3.8 mg / l). Ganning (1971) found this species up to a salinity of 16 psu at the Baltic Sea coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90F3767EB81E5FF495B3A1EC6601795B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio;Karanovic, Ivana;Echeverría-Galindo, Paula;Frenzel, Peter;Pérez, Liseth;Börner, Nicole;Dulias, Katharina;Wang, Junbo;Schwalb, Antje	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio, Karanovic, Ivana, Echeverría-Galindo, Paula, Frenzel, Peter, Pérez, Liseth, Börner, Nicole, Dulias, Katharina, Wang, Junbo, Schwalb, Antje (2025): Heterocypris exodonta sp. nov. (Ostracoda, Cyprididae), morphological and molecular description of a high altitude asexual microcrustacean from the Nam Co region, Southern Tibetan Plateau. ZooKeys 1264: 207-248, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.140174
09BE9418C98A5639AEC384CEEF724405.text	09BE9418C98A5639AEC384CEEF724405.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterocypris salina (Brady 1868)	<div><p>Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868)</p><p>Figs 10, 11, 12, 13</p><p>Cypris salina Brady, 1868: 368–369, pl. 26, figs 8–13.</p><p>Cyprinotus fretensis Brady &amp; Robertson, 1870: figs 48, 49 (Meisch and Broodbakker 1993).</p><p>Cyprinotus salina (Brady, 1868): Müller 1900: 76, pl. 16, figs 1, 2, 10, 12.</p><p>Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868), nov. comb.: Klie 1932: 588.</p><p>Cyprinotus salinus (Brady, 1868): Wagner 1957: 30–31, pl. 9, figs 1–6.</p><p>Cyprinotus salinus (Brady, 1868): Jordan et al. 1962: 76, 77, pl. I, figs 6, 7; pl. V, figs 57–61; pl. VIII, figs 80, 82, 83.</p><p>Cyprinotus salinus (Brady, 1868): Devoto 1965: 332, fig. 26.</p><p>Cyprinotus salinus (Brady, 1868): Diebel and Pietrzeniuk 1975: 1213, pl. VII, figs 5, 6.</p><p>Cyprinotus salinus (Brady, 1868): Diebel and Pietrzeniuk 1978: 90, pl. 24, figs 5, 6.</p><p>Heterocypris salina salina (Brady, 1868): Freels 1980: 28, pl. 3, figs 1–6.</p><p>Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868): Meisch 2000: 354–357, fig. 148.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Germany • 10 dissected females, (size RV length = 1012–1107 µm, height = 629–652 µm; LV length = 1098–1133 µm, height = 671–694 µm). Botanical Garden, TU Braunschweig; M. Bonilla-Flores leg. China • 2 females from Taro Co, STP (TIP 11-84) (size RV length = 1068–1061 µm, height = 660–667 µm; LV length = 1079–1092 µm, height = 741–741 µm); • 2 females from Taro Co (TIP 11-86) (RV length = 1011–1146 µm, height = 633–732 µm; LV length = 1024–1151 µm, height = 616–693 µm); • 1 female from Xuru Co, STP (TIP 12 - H 55) (size RV length = 960 µm, height = 569 µm; LV length = 983 µm, height = 618 µm); P. Frenzel leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(Adult female, Figs 10, 11) (adapted from Meisch 2000 and Kubanç et al. 2007): valves compressed and triangular in the dorsal region. RV smaller than LV, LV overlapping RV. RV has row denticles on anterior and posterior margins in external view, with broad inner lamella and inner list (Fig. 10 A 1, A 3, A 4, B 1, B 3, B 4). LV with a broad inner lamella, anteriorly with inner list, in the posteromedial region with a slight fold (Fig. 10 A 2 – B 2). Both valves display a brown coloration pattern, characterized by a pair of lighter stripes (Fig. 11 B 1, B 2). Normal pores on the internal valve surface with simple apertures. The upper lip presents dense pseudochaetae laterally, just above the mouth opening. Female genital lobes with an oval shape, with no discernible projection at the intersection, but the shape of the apex is truncated, and an interlacing projection at the intersection forms a ring.</p><p>Dimensions.</p><p>Adult females, RV ranges: length = 970–1194 µm, height = 577–755 µm; LV ranges: length = 989–1189 µm, height = 603–724 µm.</p><p>Valves.</p><p>Laterally, dorsal side arched. RV has a broad inner lamella with small denticles along the anterior and posterior margins. LV displays a broad inner lamella accompanied by an inner list. Normal pores on the internal valve surface with simple apertures (Fig. 10 A 5, A 6, B 5, B 6). Similarly, multiple normal rimmed pores are present on the external valve surface, with a single bristle (Fig. 11 A 7, A 8, B 7, B 8). Some striations were observed for organisms from Germany (Fig. 11 B 7).</p><p>Description of soft parts.</p><p>(Figs 12, 13): Antennule (Fig. 12 A). Seven-segmented: segment I with two long setose setae on the posterodistal side and one short seta on the anterodorsal region. Segment II with a short seta on the anterior side. Segment III carries two distal setae, with the anterodorsal seta reaching segment VII. Segment IV bears two long anterodorsal setae and two short posterodistal setae. Segment V features four long setae in the distal region. Segment VI with an α-setae in the distal part, with four long setae. Segment VII presents three long setae distally and one aesthetasc ya with 65 µm length, roughly twice as long as the terminal segment (31 µm).</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 12 B). Five-segmented: coxa has two short hairy setae and one smooth short seta. Basis with a ventrodistal long seta. Exopod long seta as long as the first endopodal segment, which bears a segmented aesthetasc Y, a stout ventroapically seta, one short and five long natatory setae in the apical dorsal part. The second endopodal segment has four t-setae and two aesthetascs (y 1 in the posteromedial part and y 2 in the posterodistal part). This segment also bears two medial setae, and distally three long, slender setae (z) and three claws (G 1, G 2, and G 3). Claws G 1 and G 3 are approximately equally long, while G 2 is shorter. The terminal segment presents two claws (GM and Gm), and the aesthetasc y 3. Exopod long seta (140 µm length) longer than the first (119 µm) and second (96 µm) endopodal segment, respectively; the exopod long seta is approximately 1.46 × the length of the second endopodal segment.</p><p>Upper lip (Fig. 13 A). Measurements on the upper lip were taken as follows: l — length (245 µm), h — height (64 µm), hp — position of the maximum height (168 µm), in accordance with Karan-Žnidaršič and Petrov (2014). Dense pseudochaetae were present laterally, just above the mouth opening. Rake-like organs are formed by eight teeth on the right, and nine on the left.</p><p>Mandibular coxa (Fig. 12 C) with seven teeth, the largest one with small setae on its ventral part. Teeth three, four, and seven lack setae between them.</p><p>Mandibular palp (Fig. 12 D). Four-segmented: the first segment bears two setose setae and one smooth seta, and an additional α-seta. The second segment has four setose setae, one long smooth seta, and one short setose β-seta on the inner part, and three smooth setae on the outer part. The third segment features eleven setae; four long smooth setae, with one thick γ-seta. In the most distal region, there are three short, setose setae and three smooth setae. The last segment has three setose setae in the distal region and one smooth seta.</p><p>Maxillula (Fig. 12 E). Maxillular palp two-segmented, the first one bears a long, smooth seta with four long and smooth distal setae, the second segment of the palp is subrectangular with four smooth setae. First endite with eight setae in distal part, and two setae in the basal region. Seven setae in second endite. The third endite has two serrated Zahnborsten, plus five smooth setae.</p><p>T 1 (Fig. 12 F). With two setae a, one b, and one d. Exopod with six hirsute rays, protopod with 13 setose distal setae. Endopod with three distal setae, h 1 and h 3 longer than h 2.</p><p>T 2 (Fig. 13 B). Five-segmented: segment I with a short seta d 1. Second segment bears a long anterodistal e-seta. Third segment with a distal setose f-seta. Segment four with a distally located g-seta with a shorter seta. Fifth segment with three h-setae; the claw-shaped seta h 2 with dentition. The length of the second endopodal segment measures 95 µm, representing 61 % of the length of the claw which measures 156 µm.</p><p>T 3 (Fig. 13 C). Four-segmented: first segment bears a short, smooth seta d 1. In the distal region, with a long d 2 - seta, and a setose dp-seta. Second segment with a setose distal e-seta. Third segment in the distal part (fused 4 th segment) has a small h 1 - seta, seta h 2 is striated, and seta h 3 long.</p><p>Uropodal ramus (Fig. 13 D) with an elongated shape and two distal claws – Ga (137 µm), exceeding Gp (97 µm) in length – plus one shorter setose Sp (80 µm). Additionally, with a smooth Sa seta, shorter than Sp, and two caudal ramus attachments.</p><p>Female genital lobes (Fig. 13 E). Oval and elongated shape, curvature of lobes; shape of apex is truncated, without a beak, and an interlacing projection at the intersection forms a ring.</p><p>Reproduction.</p><p>Only asexual populations were found in Germany and STP. Males were recorded from Crete, Greece (Petkowski et al. 2000).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread distribution (Meisch 2000).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Heterocypris salina is an eurytopic species, tolerant to high conductivity, typical of shallow and temporary ponds (Meisch 2000). Furthermore, according to our limnological data (Table 1) and previous publications, the species is found in fresh, brackish, and saline waters (Ganning 1971), and alkaline and oxygenated waters (average 6.5 mg / l). Upper salinity limits are given as 8.6 ‰ (Vesper 1975) and even up to 20 ‰ (Griffiths and Holmes 2000). It is also tolerant to organic pollution (Mezquita et al. 1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09BE9418C98A5639AEC384CEEF724405	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio;Karanovic, Ivana;Echeverría-Galindo, Paula;Frenzel, Peter;Pérez, Liseth;Börner, Nicole;Dulias, Katharina;Wang, Junbo;Schwalb, Antje	Bonilla-Flores, Mauricio, Karanovic, Ivana, Echeverría-Galindo, Paula, Frenzel, Peter, Pérez, Liseth, Börner, Nicole, Dulias, Katharina, Wang, Junbo, Schwalb, Antje (2025): Heterocypris exodonta sp. nov. (Ostracoda, Cyprididae), morphological and molecular description of a high altitude asexual microcrustacean from the Nam Co region, Southern Tibetan Plateau. ZooKeys 1264: 207-248, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.140174
