taxonID	type	description	language	source
6DB12A7BFC181F33D8FBCECCEB670C94.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 3 genera with 16 species: Genus Allactaga F. Cuvier 1836 (12 species) Genus Allactodipus Kolesnikov 1937 (1 species) Genus Pygeretmus Gloger 1841 (3 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6DB12A7BFC181F33D8FBCECCEB670C94.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Dental morphology and evolution studied by Shenbrot (1984). Allactodipodini was proposed for Allactodipus (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 a), but no type genus was explicitly indicated. Modern range of the subfamily is Asian (only Allactaga tetradactyla occurs in north Africa) and its evolutionary roots are in that continent. The first allactagine may have evolved from Asian late Oligocene Gobiosminthus (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 c) or Parasminthus (Wang and Qiu, 2000; McKenna and Bell, 1997, treat both genera as synonyms of Plesiosminthus) into two major lineages (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 c). One is represented by species of Protalactaga, the first true allactagines, from latter portion of Asian early Miocene, and may have been ancestral to Allactaga, which first appears in the later half of Asian late Miocene and is represented by an array of species in the Pliocene. Pygerethmus dates from the late Pliocene; it and the extinct Asian Brachyscirtetes (late Miocene to early Pliocene) may have been derived from Allactaga. Allactodipus bobrinskii, unrepresented by fossils, is the other lineage, and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 c) speculated a North African or Near East origin for the genus. To taxonomically reflect this evolutionary duality, Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a) separated Allactodipus in a tribe separate from the other allactagines. Outside of Asia, Miocene Allactaginae are represented by Arabosminthus from Saudia Arabia (late Miocene, usually treated as a zapodid; R. A. Martin, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997) and a middle Miocene sample from Morocco originally identified as " Protalactaga moghrebiensis " (Jaeger, 1977 b) that likely represents an undescribed genus (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 c). Himalayactaga, from late Miocene Tibetan strata, is usually regarded as an allactagine (e. g., McKenna and Bell, 1997), but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 c: 554) considered it of " uncertain taxonomic position within the Myomorpha. " European late Pliocene and Pleistocene records of Allactaga and Pygerethmus are summarized by Kowalski (2001).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
2920629F111AB08F1467964212D1086E.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 16 genera with 51 species in 6 subfamilies: Subfamily Allactaginae Vinogradov 1925 Genus Allactaga F. Cuvier 1836 (12 species) Genus Allactodipus Kolesnikov 1937 (1 species) Genus Pygeretmus Gloger 1841 (3 species) Subfamily Cardiocraniinae Vinogradov 1925 Genus Cardiocranius Satunin 1903 (1 species) Genus Salpingotulus Pavlinov 1980 (1 species) Genus Salpingotus Vinogradov 1922 (5 species) Subfamily Dipodinae Fischer 1817 Genus Dipus Zimmermann 1780 (1 species) Genus Eremodipus Vinogradov 1930 (1 species) Genus Jaculus Erxleben 1777 (3 species) Genus Paradipus Vinogradov 1930 (1 species) Genus Stylodipus G. M. Allen 1925 (3 species) Subfamily Euchoreutinae Lyon 1901 Genus Euchoreutes Sclater 1890 (1 species) Subfamily Sicistinae J. A. Allen 1901 Genus Sicista Gray 1827 (13 species) Subfamily Zapodinae Coues 1875 Genus Eozapus Preble 1899 (1 species) Genus Napaeozapus Preble 1899 (1 species) Genus Zapus Coues 1875 (3 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
2920629F111AB08F1467964212D1086E.taxon	discussion	Discussion: The monophyly of dipodids is strongly established (Ellerman, 1940; Klingener, 1964, 1984; Shenbrot, 1992; Shenbrot et al., 1995; Stein, 1990; Vinogradov, 1930). Authors have usually recognized either a single family, Dipodidae (Ellerman, 1940, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Holden, 1993; Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud, 1980; Klingener, 1964, 1984; Kowalski, 2001; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Ognev, 1948; Qiu and Storch, 2000; Savinov, 1970; Thomas, 1896; Vinogradov, 1930, 1937; Wang and Qiu, 2000; Winge, 1887), or two families, Zapodidae (including sicistines and zapodines), and Dipodidae (Corbet, 1978 c; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Daxner-Höck, 1999; Lyon, 1901; R. A. Martin, 1994; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Pocock, 1922 b; Schaub, 1958; Simpson, 1945; Vinogradov, 1925; Wang, 1985; Wilson, 1949; Wood, 1955). Whether one family or two, modern arrangements of subfamilies stems from Vinogradov’s (1925, 1930, 1937) classic research and classification, which provided the foundation for systematic research of dipodids. Phylogenetic studies have supported much of Vinogradov’s original classificatory arrangement, though the proposed relationships among some of the taxa have changed (Ellerman, 1940; Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1983; Shenbrot, 1992; Stein, 1990; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 a). Vinogradov went from accepting two families in 1925 to one in 1930 when he recognized Zapodinae, Euchoreutinae, Cardiocraniinae, Allactaginae, and Dipodinae, which was followed by Ellerman (1940), who also listed Sicistinae. Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983) surveyed anatomy of male reproductive tracts among dipodines and recognized Euchoreutinae, Allactaginae, Cardiocraniinae, Salpingotinae, and Dipodinae within a Dipodidae. Later, Shenbrot (1992) incorporated male reproductive morphology, coronal structure of molars, and bullar anatomy that resulted in an eclectic classification formed from both cladistic analysis and degree of morphological divergence (phenetic distance). He recognized Allactagidae, Dipodidae (containing Cardiocraniinae, Paradipodinae, and Dipodinae), Sminthidae (with Sminthinae [= Sicistinae] and Euchoreutinae) and Zapodidae within a larger Dipodoidea, an arrangement also used by Pavlinov et al. (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). In a phylogenetic study based on limb myology, Stein (1990) proposed retention of only two families, a primitive Sicistidae and derived Dipodidae (including zapodines, Euchoreutinae, and all other dipodids); in her scheme, Euchoreutinae is a sister group to zapodines and allactagines. Shenbrot’s arrangement differed significantly from that of Steins’ in that Sicista was not shown to be the most primitive dipodoid (Zapodidae and Sicistidae form an unresolved dichotomy), and Euchoreutinae was hypothesized to be most closely related to Sicistinae and united with Sicistinae in Sminthidae. From a paleontological perspecitive, Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a) proposed a classification listing Zapodidae (containing Sicistinae and Zapodinae), Allactagidae (with Allactaginae and Euchoreutinae) and Dipodidae (which includes Cardiocraniinae, Dipodinae, and the extinct Lophocricetinae). Sicistines are generally regarded as representing the most primitive dipodids morphologically (e. g., Dawson and Krishtalka, 1984; R. A. Martin, 1994; Miljutin, 1999; Stein, 1990). This cladistic position is supported by the few published analyses of gene sequences (nuclear LCAT, IRBP, and vWF) where in all phylogenetic reconstructions, Sicista is basal to different combinations of Zapus, Napaeozapus, Dipus, Allactaga, and Jaculus (DeBry, 2003; DeBry and Sagel, 2001; Jansa and Weksler, 2004; Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000; Michaux et al., 2001 a), endorsing Stein’s (1990: 310) results and conclusion " that sicistines are, in fact, the sister group to all other zapodid and dipodid rodents. " In his review of early Tertiary North American rodents, Wilson (1949: 128) wrote that the Sicistinae " may have been ancestral to the Zapodinae on the one hand, and to the Dipodidae on the other, " a suggestion repeated by R. A. Martin (1994: 7), who opined that the " sicistines form a recognizable stem group from which all later zapodids and probably dipodids evolved. " This possibility was echoed by Miljutin (1999: 119): " Although recent Sicistinae have their own trends of adaptive evolution, which are inconsistent or even opposite to those of Dipodoidea as a whole, their morphological characters and relatively low level of specialization make them suitable candidates for the role of ancestral stock for all other dipodoids. " Sokolov et al. (1987 b) and Vorontsov (1969), however, hypothesized that zapodines possess the most primitive karyotype of dipodids, from which those of sicistines and other dipodids are derived. Despite the research by Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983), Shenbrot (1992), Stein (1990), and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a), classification of dipodoid genera at either subfamily or family levels remains unresolved, reflecting different interpretations of analyzed morphological systems (teeth, head and postcranial skeletons, male reproductive anatomy, hind limb myology), lack of molecular data from a broader range of genera representing all subfamilies, and no phylogenetic reconstructions based on careful cladistic methodologies that employ character traits derived from a greater variety of morphological systems. Results from multi-trait (morphological and molecular) integrative cladistic analyses, which include appropriate outgroups, would test the hypotheses presented by Vinogradov, Pavlinov and Shenbrot, Shenbrot, Stein, and Zazhigin and Lopatin. Until such information become available, we maintain a modification of Vinogradov’s classification and recognize a single family, Dipodidae, with subfamilies Sicistinae, Zapodinae, Cardiocraniinae, Euchoreutinae, Allactaginae, and Dipodinae; hypotheses defended by Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983), Stein (1990), Shenbrot (1992), and Zazhigin and Lopatin 2000 a are discussed at the subfamilial level. In this context, Klingener’s (1984: 387) exposition is still relevant. He noted that dipodid genera show a gradation in hind limb osteology and myology (with cardiocraniines retaining many sicistine and zapodine traits); that arranging sicistines and zapodines in a separate family " is unwarrented on the basis of morphology of the hind limb and obscures the close relationship of these rodents to the jerboas "; that cardiocraniines exhibit extreme hypertrophy of the auditory bullae and extreme fusion of cervical vertebrae, which are derivations characteristic of dipodines, but allactagines have relatively small bullae and unfused cervical vertebrae; that " evolution of cranial and cervical structures has been subject to selective forces different from those acting on locomotor structures, and distribution of derived character states in different structural complexes in the spectrum of Recent genera has a mosaic pattern " and that treating " the dipodoid spectrum as a single family Dipodidae ... is a better reflection of biological reality than dividing it. " Reviews of dipodid research and classification were contributed by Gambaryan et al. (1980), Heptner (1984), Klingener (1964, 1984), Shenbrot (1986, 1992), and Stein (1990); see also references cited in those reports. Cranial and dental characters were investigated by Vinogradov (1930). Comparative myology studied by Klingener (1964); facial myology by Gambaryan et al. (1980) and Meinertz (1941); myology of postcrania by Fokin (1971) and Stein (1990). Review of distribution and habitat of dipodids (excluding sicistines and zapodines) given by Kulik (1980). Chromosome numbers of members of each subfamily provided by Vorontsov (1969). Male genitalia studied by Vinogradov (1925) and Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983). Comparative behavior and its taxonomic significance studied by Rogovin (1984). Significance of the relation between size of pinna and auditory bulla in allactagine and dipodine species chronicled by Pavlinov and Rogovin (2000). Geographic distributions, ecologies, and comparative data for Mongolian jerboas monographed by Sokolov et al. (1996, 1998). Taxonomy, characteristics, geographic ranges, ecologies, and other topics covering dipodoids occurring in Russia and adjacent regions reviewed in detail by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Panteleyev (1998) provided distribution maps for the Palaearctic species. Distributions of species occuring in the former USSR were verified and much enhanced by personal communication with G. I. Shenbrot, who also highlighted taxonomic problems; range and taxonomy of Chinese forms were illuminated by the efforts of Lin Yong-lie. That Muroidea (Platacanthomyidae, Spalacidae, Calomyscidae, Nesomyidae, Cricetidae, and Muridae) is the sister group to Dipodidae (Dipodoidea) has been consistently demonstrated by analyses of the following DNA sequences: nuclear LCAT gene (Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000); nuclear vWF (Huchon et al., 1999, 2000); LCAT and vWF combined (Michaux et al., 2001 b); nuclear IRBP gene (DeBry and Sagel, 2001; Jansa and Weksler, 2004): nuclear CB 1, IRBP, and RAG 2 (DeBry, 2003); mitochondrial cytochrome b and ND 4 (Conroy and Cook, 1999); mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA (Montgelard et al., 2002); mitochondrial 12 S rRNA combined with nuclear GHR, BRCA 1, and vWF genes (Adkins et al., 2001); mitochondrial 12 S rRNA (Nedbal et al., 1996); nuclear GHR and BRCA 1 (Adkins et al., 2003); nuclear vWF, IRBP, and A 2 AB (Huchon et al., 2002); (samples are from Sicista, Zapus, Napaeozapus, Allactaga, Dipus, and Jaculus in different combinations). The molecular data strongly reinforces a significant body of past research based upon a range of morphological systems derived from extant (Alston, 1876; Forsyth Major, 1896; Hartenberger, 1985; Klingener, 1964; Méhely, 1913; Meinertz, 1941; Thomas, 1896; Tullberg, 1899; Winge, 1887) and fossil (Emry, 1981; Emry et al., 1998; Lindsay, 1977; Schaub, 1934; Walsh, 1997; Wang, 1985; R. W. Wilson, 1949) species that indicates dipodids to be a sister group of, or closely related to muroid rodents (see also the reviews by Klingener, 1964, 1984). Schaub (1958) and McKenna and Bell (1997) expressed this relationship in their classifications by arranging Dipodoidea and Muroidea in the infraorder Myodonta. Wang (1985) noted the close similarity in molar occlusal patterns between cricetines and early Oligocene " Zapodidae, " and similarities in molar patterns between the middle Eocene Asian dipodid Aksyiromys and cricetines prompted Emry et al. (1998: 222) to suggest that Aksyiromys " was close to a common ancestor of Cricetidae and Zapodidae; the Asian cricetine Phodopus was used as an outgroup in Stein’s (1990) phylogenetic study and Cricetinae in general (as defined by by Carleton and Musser, 1984) was implied as an outgroup by Shenbrot (1991 a). Alternative alliances between dipodoids and non-muroid rodent groups proposed in the older literature (e. g., Dobson, 1882 b; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Parsons, 1894; Zittel, 1893) and even more recent contributions (e. g., Hartenberger, 1998) are not supported by morphological, molecular, or paleontological data. North American and Asian Eocene strata contain evidence for the evolutionary beginnings of dipodoids. Current consensus identifies the North American Elymys (middle Eocene), Simimys (middle to late Eocene), Simiacritomys (late Eocene), and possibly Nonomys (late Eocene), along with Asian Aksyiromys, Banyuesminthus, Blentosomys, Primisminthus, and Ulkenulastomys (all middle Eocene) as the oldest members of Dipodoidea (Emry and Korth, 1989; Kelly, 1992; Walsh, 1997; Wang and Dawson, 1994; Wang and Qiu, 2000). Whether any or all genera are ancestral to dipodids, belong in Sicistinae or Zapodinae, or represent the sister group to Dipodidae within a larger Dipodoidea has yet to be determined (see review of these Paleogene genera and analysis by Walsh, 1997). Armintomys tullbergi, from the early part of the middle Eocene of North America and the only recorded member of Armintomyidae (Dawson et al., 1990), is the oldest known rodent with hystricomorphous zygomasseteric structure and incisor enamel transitional from pauciserial to uniserial (Wang and Dawson, 1994). It is apparently a primitive myomorph, and its morphological traits (sciuravid-like molar occlusal patterns, hystricomorphy, and intermediate incisor enamel architecture) indicate that A. tullbergi " may be derived from the sciuravids " (Dawson et al., 1990: 145) and also " may represent the closest known sister group to a unit including dipodoids and cricetids " (Wang and Dawson, 1994: 251). In Walsh’s (1997) phylogenetic analysis, Armintomys, along with the more derived North American Pauromys (early to middle Eocene), formerly considered a sciuravid (McKenna and Bell, 1997), is placed in Myodonta (the infraorder also containing dipodoids and muroids; see McKenna and Bell, 1997) and basal to the branching point of Dipodoidea and Muroidea (see McKenna and Bell, 1997). The basic outline of this phylogenetic pattern was discerned more than 50 years ago by Wilson (1949; 127), when in reviewing limited material compared to that now available, he suggested that " the muroids and dipodoids, although arising from a common (mid-Eocene?) ancestor, have been distinct groups since the late Eocene. Moreover, this common ancestor apparently arose from the sciuravines, if any stem is known at present. ".	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E118870C3A2B00D544D4A55F166E3748.taxon	child_taxa	Families: 7 families with 326 genera and 1569 species: Family Dipodidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 (16 genera with 51 species) Family Platacanthomyidae Alston 1876 (2 genera with 2 species) Family Spalacidae Gray 1821 (6 genera with 36 species) Family Calomyscidae Vorontsov and Potapova 1979 (1 genus with 8 species) Family Nesomyidae Major 1897 (21 genera with 61 species) Family Cricetidae Fischer 1817 (130 genera with 681 species) Family Muridae Illiger 1811 (150 genera with 730 species and 5 subspecies)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
76C85D75BD6C242C0296EA2982D0AA09.taxon	child_taxa	Families: 7 families with 326 genera and 1569 species: Family Dipodidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 (16 genera with 51 species) Family Platacanthomyidae Alston 1876 (2 genera with 2 species) Family Spalacidae Gray 1821 (6 genera with 36 species) Family Calomyscidae Vorontsov and Potapova 1979 (1 genus with 8 species) Family Nesomyidae Major 1897 (21 genera with 61 species) Family Cricetidae Fischer 1817 (130 genera with 681 species) Family Muridae Illiger 1811 (150 genera with 730 species and 5 subspecies)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E776848DBCE612704628C8533043F278.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Mus (Allactaga) jaculus Pallas 1778	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C35FE23E7043443E2F09527CA26270F6.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: China, Xinjiang, Balikun.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C35FE23E7043443E2F09527CA26270F6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Mongolia, from Altai Sumon east to Bordzon-Gobi (Sokolov et al., 1981 a), and NE Xinjiang, China (Ma et al., 1987).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C35FE23E7043443E2F09527CA26270F6.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C35FE23E7043443E2F09527CA26270F6.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Orientallactaga. Closely related to A. bullata, with which it is parapatric in S Mongolia where the two species occur together in a narrow strip several kilometers wide (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003). Listed as a subspecies of A. bullata by Wang (2003).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
9EB92F41021BA97304E372B785A9BC7B.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 12 species: Species Allactaga (Orientallactaga) balikunica Hsia and Fang 1964 Species Allactaga (Orientallactaga) bullata Allen 1925 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) elater (Lichtenstein 1825) Species Allactaga (Paralactaga) euphratica Thomas 1881 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) firouzi Womochel 1978 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) hotsoni Thomas 1920 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) major (Kerr 1792) Species Allactaga (Allactaga) severtzovi Vinogradov 1925 Species Allactaga (Orientallactaga) sibirica (Forster 1778) Species Allactaga (Scarturus) tetradactyla (Lichtenstein 1823) Species Allactaga (Allactaga) vinogradovi Argyropulo 1941 Species Allactaga (Paralactaga) williamsi Thomas 1897	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95F4016A7FF6614B430DA1010EACB656.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Mus jaculus Pallas 1778	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95F4016A7FF6614B430DA1010EACB656.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 12 species in 4 subgenera: Subgenus Allactaga (Allactaga) F. Cuvier 1836 Subgenus Allactaga (Orientallactaga) Shenbrot 1984 Subgenus Allactaga (Paralactaga) Young 1927 Subgenus Allactaga (Scarturus) Gloger 1841 Species Allactaga (Orientallactaga) balikunica Hsia and Fang 1964 Species Allactaga (Orientallactaga) bullata Allen 1925 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) elater (Lichtenstein 1825) Species Allactaga (Paralactaga) euphratica Thomas 1881 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) firouzi Womochel 1978 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) hotsoni Thomas 1920 Species Allactaga (Allactaga) major (Kerr 1792) Species Allactaga (Allactaga) severtzovi Vinogradov 1925 Species Allactaga (Orientallactaga) sibirica (Forster 1778) Species Allactaga (Scarturus) tetradactyla (Lichtenstein 1823) Species Allactaga (Allactaga) vinogradovi Argyropulo 1941 Species Allactaga (Paralactaga) williamsi Thomas 1897	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95F4016A7FF6614B430DA1010EACB656.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Does not include Allactodipus (see comment under Allactodipus bobrinskii). Shenbrot's (1984) subgeneric classification is followed below except where noted. Subspecific revision of species occuring in Belorussia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, W Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, S Russia, and NW Mongolia provided by Shenbrot (1993). Generic review and composite range map of species presented by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Mus jaculus Linnaeus, 1758 is the type species of Jaculus (see comments therein). Shenbrot (1984) described several subgenera, which we use here, but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 c) claimed their distinctness is doubtful. Shenbrot et al. (1995) included the extinct Protalactaga (Miocene of North Africa and Asia) as a synonym, but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 c) and McKenna and Bell (1997) retained it as a separate genus. McKenna and Bell (1997) recognized Proalactaga (Asian late Miocene), and Kowalski (2001) used Paralactaga (Pliocene-Pleistocene), but Shenbrot (1984) and Zahigin and Lopatin (2000 b) explained why the two genera should be synonymized with Allactaga. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
395130A1B1F48F2D38B45015DD802767.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: W Kazakhstan, Kirgiz Steppe. The type locality given by Lichtenstein (1828) is in W Kazakhstan, according to Vinogradov (1937), Kuznetsov (1944, 1965), and Ognev (1963 b), not E Kazakhstan as reported by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 529) and Corbet (1978 c: 154).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
395130A1B1F48F2D38B45015DD802767.taxon	distribution	Distribution: SW Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997); Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973); Iran (Lay, 1967); E Turkey (Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001); Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, N Caucasus, north along W Caspian Sea to Lower Volga south to Turkmenistan, east through Kazakhstan (see Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977; and Shenbrot, 1993) to NE Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, and N Gansu, China (Ma et al., 1987; Chinese range mapped in Zhang et al., 1997), and western Mongolia (Sokolov and Orlov, 1980), in desert and semi-desert zones. Overall range mapped in Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
395130A1B1F48F2D38B45015DD802767.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
395130A1B1F48F2D38B45015DD802767.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Allactaga. Does not include vinogradovi (see comment therein). Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963 b). Karyotype contributed by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1993). Segments in Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Shenbrot (in litt., 2003) is skeptical about distribution of this species in Nei Mongol, and N Gansu, China due to possible misidentification with Pygeretmus pumilio. For synonyms see Corbet (1978 c, 1984) and Shenbrot (1993).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
390D8ABF9F2CCA8F3C2DFBD8C1549460.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Iran, Isfahan Prov., 18 mi (29 km) S Shah Reza (Qomisheh), 2253 m.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
390D8ABF9F2CCA8F3C2DFBD8C1549460.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Known only from the type locality, a flat plain with a gravel substrate and sparse, mountain steppe vegetation (Womochel, 1978).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
390D8ABF9F2CCA8F3C2DFBD8C1549460.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Critically Endangered.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
390D8ABF9F2CCA8F3C2DFBD8C1549460.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Allactaga (not allocated to subgenus by Shenbrot, 1984). Allactaga firouzi appears to be morphologically distinct from A. euphratica and A. hotsoni (Womochel, 1978), but its relationship with these and other species of allactagines needs further study. Shenbrot (1993) tenatively synonymized firouzi with A. elater turkmeni, but later (in litt.) examinied the type specimen and considered firouzi synonymous with hotsoni, which is where Pavlinov et al. (1995) listed it. We recognize the species until published data indicates otherwise.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
86B2DE85C37AAB8510884172619A5484.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Mongolia, Altai Gobi, Tsagan-Nur (Tsagaan Nuur).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
86B2DE85C37AAB8510884172619A5484.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Deserts of S and W Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954; Sokolov et al., 1981 a; adjacent Chinese provinces of Nei Mongolia, E Xinjiang, Ningxia (Ma et al., 1987), Gansu (Chen and Wang, 1985; Zheng and Zhang, 1990) and N Shaanxi (Wang, 1990).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
86B2DE85C37AAB8510884172619A5484.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
86B2DE85C37AAB8510884172619A5484.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Orientallactaga. Closely related to A. balikunica (see that account).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
3A9DA227879EA1EF59A844BE80CEF188.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Iraq (no other information).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
3A9DA227879EA1EF59A844BE80CEF188.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Steppe and semi-desert from SE Turkey (Colak et al., 1994) south through Syria and Iraq to Jordan (Qumsiyeh, 1996), N Saudi Arabia and Kuwait (essentially as outlined by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; see also Colak et al., 1994, and references therein; Hatt, 1959).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
3A9DA227879EA1EF59A844BE80CEF188.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
3A9DA227879EA1EF59A844BE80CEF188.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Paralactaga. Many authors incorrectly employ the name williamsi for this species, but that name refers to a different species (see account of A. williamsi). Following Corbet (1978 c: 155), A. euphratica is considered a separate species from A. hotsoni. Reviewed by Colak et al. (1994).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A37BD3E6570966991D2AB5F1E035F44D.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Iran, SE Kerman Prov., Sib, 20 mi. (32 km) SW Kant (Kont; Lay, 1967, provides coordinates), 3950 ft (1204 m).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A37BD3E6570966991D2AB5F1E035F44D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N, C, and SE Iran, SW Pakistan (Brown, 1980; Roberts, 1977, 1997; specimens in USNM), and S Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973) in gravelly or stony peneplains " where practically no other rodent exists " (Roberts, 1997: 352).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A37BD3E6570966991D2AB5F1E035F44D.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A37BD3E6570966991D2AB5F1E035F44D.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Allactaga (see Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1985). Lay (1967) thought the holotype might represent A. williamsi, but Corbet (1978 c: 155) noted that " the very large bullae, short tooth-row and short, wide incisive foramina place it well outside the range of variation otherwise known " in A. williamsi (Corbet regarded williamsi as a synonym of A. euphratica). Morphological distinctions between A. hotsoni and A. elator in Pakistan are described by Roberts (1997). Available published data support recognition of A. hotsoni as separate from A. elater and A. euphratica; see comment under A. firouzi.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
007BCE12F63C42603CD200FCDD8073E3.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Kazakhstan, between Caspian Sea and Irtysh River.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
007BCE12F63C42603CD200FCDD8073E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Steppes and deserts from Caucasus N to Moscow and Kiev E to Ob River (W Siberia), Kazakhstan, and N Uzbekistan (west of Aral Sea), and W Xinjiang, China (Wang, 2003); range figured by Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Sludskii (1977).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
007BCE12F63C42603CD200FCDD8073E3.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
007BCE12F63C42603CD200FCDD8073E3.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Allactaga. Includes jaculus Pallas (Ognev, 1963 b: 94; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987: 154). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1993). Karyotype contributed by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Although modern western margins of range are near Moscow and Kiev, the species occurred as far west as Germany and Austria during the Pleistocene (Kowalski, 2001). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978 c), and Shenbrot (1991 d).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FCC589FFB23454A17E9DE6D372CEFA0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: SE Kazakhstan, Taldy-Kurgan (Kopal) dist., Tamar-Utkul.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FCC589FFB23454A17E9DE6D372CEFA0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, N Turkmenistan, and N and SW Tajikistan; range figured by Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Sludskii (1977).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FCC589FFB23454A17E9DE6D372CEFA0B.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FCC589FFB23454A17E9DE6D372CEFA0B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Allactaga. Taxonomic study provided by Shenbrot (1991 d), who described chorezmi as a subspecies of A. severtzovi. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Karyotype elaborated by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C9BB5FFB2637BCED92BBD00888437321.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Kazakhstan, Dzhambul region, Burnoye and Rovnoye.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C9BB5FFB2637BCED92BBD00888437321.taxon	distribution	Distribution: S Kazakhstan, E Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan (see Shenbrot, 1993; Shenbrot et al., 1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C9BB5FFB2637BCED92BBD00888437321.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C9BB5FFB2637BCED92BBD00888437321.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Allactaga. Shenbrot (1993) showed that A. vinogradovi differs from A. elater in toothrow length and phallic morphology, and that the two are sympatric along the Talas River and in SE Betpak-Dala (Kazakhstan). While the species is recognized by most workers (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995; Shenbrot et al., 1995), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) retained vinogradovi in the synonymy of A. elater. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). There are no recent records of A. vinogradovi from Tajikistan, but the species occurred there during middle Pleistocene (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BB92487500DD35927F7CE3EC4A3EE82A.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: SE Transbaikalia, Chitinskaya Oblast, near Lake Tarei-Nur.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BB92487500DD35927F7CE3EC4A3EE82A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: From lower Ural River (Kazakhstan) and Caspian Sea east to Chitinskaya Oblast and south to N Turkmenistan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot, 1993; Sludskii, 1977); Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Nigxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, N Hebei, W Liaoning, W Julin, and W Heilongjiang (in China see Ho et al., 1986; Laing and Zhang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qin, 1991; Shou, 1962; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990); Shenbrot et al. (1995) provided overall distribution map; no valid record from Korea (see Corbet, 1978 c: 154).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BB92487500DD35927F7CE3EC4A3EE82A.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BB92487500DD35927F7CE3EC4A3EE82A.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Orientallactaga. Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963 b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1993). Geographic variation studied by Varshavsky (1991). Karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). For synonyms see Ellerman (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978 c, 1984), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Shenbrot (1993), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6E92E8845867AAFA10E37711E195B6A4.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Turkey, near Van Gölü.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6E92E8845867AAFA10E37711E195B6A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Anatolian Artemisia steppe of Turkey except in SE, Caucasia, Afghanistan, and Iran (see Colak et al., 1994, and references therein; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001; range mapped as euphratica by Shenbrot et al., 1995, and recorded from N Turkey as euphratica by Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6E92E8845867AAFA10E37711E195B6A4.taxon	conservation	Conservation: caprimulga Ellerman, 1948; laticeps Nehring, 1903; schmidti Satunin, 1907.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E0BC00F49BAB181171426B8F3ED441A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Libyan Desert between Siwa and Alexandria.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E0BC00F49BAB181171426B8F3ED441A6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Coastal gravel plains of Egypt and E Libya, from near Alexandria to the Gulf of Sirte (see Ranck, 1968, and Osborn and Helmy, 1980).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E0BC00F49BAB181171426B8F3ED441A6.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Endangered.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E0BC00F49BAB181171426B8F3ED441A6.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Scarturus.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
75EF0927AF823CCCD7CD0E92E0308675.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Uzbekistan, Kizil-kum (Kyzylkum) Desert, 140 km NW of Bukhara, Khala-Ata.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
75EF0927AF823CCCD7CD0E92E0308675.taxon	distribution	Distribution: W and N Turkmenistan and C and W Uzbekistan, in the Kyzylkum and Karakumy deserts; figured by Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Sludskii (1977).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
75EF0927AF823CCCD7CD0E92E0308675.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
75EF0927AF823CCCD7CD0E92E0308675.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8006E7D9706CC6CEFD57D7B30E942F98.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Allactodipus bobrinskii Kolesnikov 1937	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8006E7D9706CC6CEFD57D7B30E942F98.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Allactodipus bobrinskii Kolesnikov 1937	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8006E7D9706CC6CEFD57D7B30E942F98.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Reviewed by Shenbrot (1974, 1984), who showed that in postcranial and dental characters, particularly the height of the molars and alveolar pattern, A. bobrinskii falls outside the range of variation of species in the genus Allactaga where it was placed after Kolesnikov’s description. He restored bobrinskii to Allactodipus, which is recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Pavlinov et al. (1995), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a, b). A careful phylogenetic study incorporating the traits used by Shenbrot, along with additional morphological differences, between A. bobrinskii and other allactagines and dipodines that also includes gene sequences would be welcome.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5CEF6E59AE76AFEB6DDFFD7A5419EA52.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 3 species: Species Pygeretmus (Pygeretmus) platyurus (Lichtenstein 1823) Species Pygeretmus (Alactagulus) pumilio (Kerr 1792) Species Pygeretmus (Pygeretmus) shitkovi Kuznetsov 1930	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8850D05E2D74D3FC5C37AD23BEBA9A96.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Dipus (Pygeretmus) platurus Lichtenstein 1823	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
744E7B252B1F7953441332403662B14F.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Kazakhstan, E shore of Aral Sea Kuwan-Darya River.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
744E7B252B1F7953441332403662B14F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: W, C, and E Kazakhstan, and NW Turkmenistan (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003; see map in Shenbrot et al., 1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
744E7B252B1F7953441332403662B14F.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
744E7B252B1F7953441332403662B14F.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Pygeretmus. Corbet (1978 c) and Gromov and Baranova (1981) synonymized P. vinogradovi with P. platyurus without comment. Heptner (1984) agreed because he felt the differences between the two forms were not sharp enough to warrant specific recognition, a view followed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Pavlinov et al. (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Shenbrot's (1988) results indicated that P. vinogradovi falls within the range of variaiton of P. platyurus, and that vinogradovi should not even be recognized at the subspecific level. Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Shenbrot et al. (1995), Silverstov et al. (1969) and Sludskii (1977); detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F9C88617A3906402C6D81C47B6C6D366.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Dipus platurus Lichtenstein 1823	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F9C88617A3906402C6D81C47B6C6D366.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 3 species in 2 subgenera: Subgenus Pygeretmus (Pygeretmus) Gloger 1841 Subgenus Pygeretmus (Alactagulus) Nehring 1897 Species Pygeretmus (Pygeretmus) platyurus (Lichtenstein 1823) Species Pygeretmus (Alactagulus) pumilio (Kerr 1792) Species Pygeretmus (Pygeretmus) shitkovi Kuznetsov 1930	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F9C88617A3906402C6D81C47B6C6D366.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Vorontsov et al. (1969 b) found no distinguishing karyological characters between subgenera Alactagulus and Pygeretmus; in the same study, karyotypes and morphometric comparisons of subgenus Pygeretmus were provided. Shenbrot's (1984) subgeneric classification is followed below. Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) recognized Alactagulus as a separate genus, and Kowalski (2001) used Pliopygerethmus, but both are considered synonyms of Pygeretmus (Heptner, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Shenbrot, 1984; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 c). Generic review and distribution provided by Shenbrot et al. (1995). For synonyms see McKenna and Bell (1997) and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 c).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6A9ED1653B81752939E8A3C346548760.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 3 genera with 7 species: Genus Cardiocranius Satunin 1903 (1 species) Genus Salpingotulus Pavlinov 1980 (1 species) Genus Salpingotus Vinogradov 1922 (5 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6A9ED1653B81752939E8A3C346548760.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Following Pavlinov (1980 b) two tribes, Cardiocraniini and Salpingotini, are recognized. Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983) recognized Cardiocraniinae and Salpingotinae in a Dipodidae, which was modified by Shenbrot (1992), who recognized only Cardiocraniinae within Dipodidae, an arrangement also employed by Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a). Shenbrot et al. (1995) include the extinct Lophocricetinae, but other researchers recognize it as a subfamily in Zapodidae (R. A. Martin, 1994; Qiu, 1985), or tribe in Zapodinae (McKenna and Bell, 1997), or a subfamily in Dipodidae (where Zapodidae, Allactagidae, and Dipodidae are recognized; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 a). Characters of subfamily and geographic distribution reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A7768AA36CA095C5C345745371864F3B.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Kazakhstan, between Caspian Sea and Irtysh River. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) listed Kirghiz Steppe, " the old Russian name for Central Kazakhstan " (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003) as the type locality for this species.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A7768AA36CA095C5C345745371864F3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: From the Don River (Russia) through Kazakhstan to the Irtysh River (Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977), south to NE Iran (Lay, 1967); E to S Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: W Nei Mongol (Ma et al., 1987), N Xinjiang (Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987), Gansu, and Ningxia (Wang, 2003; Chinese range mapped in Zhang et al., 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A7768AA36CA095C5C345745371864F3B.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A7768AA36CA095C5C345745371864F3B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Alactagulus (see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). The name pygmaeus is preoccupied and is an invalid junior synonym of pumilio, (Corbet, 1978 c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Reviewed also by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) who retained Alactagulus as the genus, not subgenus, for pumilio. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet, (1978 c), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A483113AA33EDA245616E3E2AFBFF52F.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: SE Kazakhstan, Taldy-Kurgan district, on NW shore of Ala-Kul (Alakol) Lake, Rybalnoje.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A483113AA33EDA245616E3E2AFBFF52F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E Kazakhstan, in region of Lake Balkhash (Corbet, 1978 c; Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot et al., 1995; Sludskii, 1977).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A483113AA33EDA245616E3E2AFBFF52F.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A483113AA33EDA245616E3E2AFBFF52F.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Pygeretmus. Corbet (1978 c) regarded the emendation of shitkovi to zhitkovi invalid, but other workers disagree; there has been no ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7628015BDA4B4A27DD4E987F591C9C7A.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: China, NW Gansu, Nan Shan, Shargol-Dzhin.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7628015BDA4B4A27DD4E987F591C9C7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (N Xinjiang, C Nei Mongol, N Ningxia, and Gansu; see G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qin, 1991; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997, and Zhou et al., 1985); Mongolia; S Tuviskaya Oblast, and E Kazakhstan (see Ilchenko and Volodin, 1992, and Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1988). Shenbrot et al. (1995) provide overall distribution map.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7628015BDA4B4A27DD4E987F591C9C7A.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Vulnerable.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7628015BDA4B4A27DD4E987F591C9C7A.taxon	discussion	Discussion: A morphometric study by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988) indicated that the Kazakhstan population falls within the range of intraspecific variation for C. paradoxus, and is not a separate species as was suggested by Gromov and Baranova (1981). For detailed habitat data see Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7EC041751488B88373A902F141B0867F.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Cardiocranius paradoxus Satunin 1903	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7EC041751488B88373A902F141B0867F.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Cardiocranius paradoxus Satunin 1903	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7EC041751488B88373A902F141B0867F.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Cardiocraniini. Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963 b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EDEB38E70DCE86F5A7234DBCE6ABECD6.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Pakistan, NW Baluchistan, Nushki Plateau, appox. 29 EN, 66 EE, 3,500 ft (1067 m).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EDEB38E70DCE86F5A7234DBCE6ABECD6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Pakistan, SW Baluchistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EDEB38E70DCE86F5A7234DBCE6ABECD6.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc) as Salpingotus michaelis.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EDEB38E70DCE86F5A7234DBCE6ABECD6.taxon	discussion	Discussion: For discussion of Salpingotulus michaelis versus Salpingotus thomasi, and the possible occurance of Salpingotulus michaelis in Afghanistan, see Hassinger (1973) and Roberts (1977, 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
266E55601971EC9C92E8AFACFCAF2B2D.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Salpingotus michaelis Fitzgibbon 1966	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
266E55601971EC9C92E8AFACFCAF2B2D.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Salpingotulus michaelis (Fitzgibbon 1966)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
266E55601971EC9C92E8AFACFCAF2B2D.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Salpingotini (Pavlinov, 1980 b). Proposed by Pavlinov (1980 b) based upon genital morphology, tooth characters, and shape of the condylar process on the dentary. Results of a morphometric and qualitative study of Salpingotus by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984) showed substructure within the genus based on overall morphological similarity (phenetic analyses), with michaelis joining the clusters of other Salpingotus at a high level of dissimilarity, followed by S. kozlovi. Their results indicated that generic separation of michaelis was not supported, particularly if kozlovi was retained in Salpingotus, so they treated Salpingotulus as a subgenus. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987: 162) suggested that kozlovi might belong in Salpingotulus, and the latter has either been included in Salpingotus (e. g., Holden, 1993; Shenbrot et al., 1995; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984) or recognized as a separate genus (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 a). We treat Salpingotulus as a separate monophyletic group until analyses prepared within a phylogenetic (cladistic) context demonstrates otherwise; such a study has yet to be done.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C5529A834337F2B073D06594C73D9C33.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 5 species: Species Salpingotus (Anguistodontus) crassicauda Vinogradov 1924 Species Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) heptneri Vorontsov and Smirnov 1969 Species Salpingotus (Salpingotus) kozlovi Vinogradov 1922 Species Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) pallidus Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984 Species Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) thomasi Vinogradov 1928	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
30AC5FF04503E2B4AD77A188AA72886B.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Salpingotus (Salpingotus) kozlovi Vinogradov 1922	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7A2F323CAB853BD0EA40CE261AFE466A.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Salpingotus kozlovi Vinogradov 1922	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7A2F323CAB853BD0EA40CE261AFE466A.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 5 species in 3 subgenera: Subgenus Salpingotus (Salpingotus) Vinogradov 1922 Subgenus Salpingotus (Anguistodontus) Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984 Subgenus Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984 Species Salpingotus (Anguistodontus) crassicauda Vinogradov 1924 Species Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) heptneri Vorontsov and Smirnov 1969 Species Salpingotus (Salpingotus) kozlovi Vinogradov 1922 Species Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) pallidus Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984 Species Salpingotus (Prosalpingotus) thomasi Vinogradov 1928	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7A2F323CAB853BD0EA40CE261AFE466A.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Salpingotini. The subgeneric arrangement hypothesized by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984), based on morphometric analyses and skull, dental, and genital morphology, is followed here, except that Salpingotulus is recognized at the generic level (see that account). Comparative myology of pelvic girdle studied by Fokin (1971). Distribution of species of Salpingotus shown in Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984). For synonyms see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E53FDACC621A0AA0583D790D02EE07EA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: China, N Xinjiang, Altai Gobi, near Schara-sumé (Sharasume), approx. 160 km S Russia-Mongolian border. Most authors list the type locality as being in W Mongolia, but it is actually in N Xinjiang, China (G. Shenbrot, pers. comm.).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E53FDACC621A0AA0583D790D02EE07EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Steppes and deserts of NW China (Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, and Gansu; Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997), S and SW Mongolia, and adjacent E Kazakhstan in Lake Zaysan basin (see Naumov and Lobachev, 1975; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984; Vorontsov et al., 1969 a). General distribution mapped by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E53FDACC621A0AA0583D790D02EE07EA.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Vulnerable.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
E53FDACC621A0AA0583D790D02EE07EA.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Anguistodontus. Populations south of Lake Balkhash and north of Aral Sea previously included in S. crassicauda now recognized as a distinct species, S. pallidus. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Taxonomic study of Mongolia and Zaysan Basin populations provided by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988). Karyotype elaborated by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0288A22BE23C6EE9A8CD294B7E62C42C.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Uzbekistan, NW Kizil-Kum (Kyzylkum) Desert, 80 km NE Takhta-Kupir, 8 km E Gori Kok-Tobe.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0288A22BE23C6EE9A8CD294B7E62C42C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Uzbekistan and S Kazakhstan, NW and N Kyzylkum desert (see Shenbrot et al., 1995; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0288A22BE23C6EE9A8CD294B7E62C42C.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0288A22BE23C6EE9A8CD294B7E62C42C.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
31C900ABBEE515577CB5FCC891D73AA7.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Kazakhstan, Aktyubinskaya, Chelkarskii, Peski Bol'shiye Barsuki.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
31C900ABBEE515577CB5FCC891D73AA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Deserts of N Aral and S Balkhash regions (see Shenbrot et al., 1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
31C900ABBEE515577CB5FCC891D73AA7.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
31C900ABBEE515577CB5FCC891D73AA7.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Shenbrot and Mazin (1989) named sludskii as a subspecies of S. pallidus, but we are not recognizing subspecies. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CA9C10C9DF93744A530777CF7C8585FC.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Mongolia: Gobi desert, Khara-Khoto.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CA9C10C9DF93744A530777CF7C8585FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Deserts of S and SE Mongolia; and China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu, N Shaanxi, and Ningxia (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Qin, 1991; Wang, 1990, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CA9C10C9DF93744A530777CF7C8585FC.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CA9C10C9DF93744A530777CF7C8585FC.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Salpingotus. See Corbet (1978 c) for comment regarding allocation of specimen from Irtysh River on Kazakhstan-Chinese border to S. crassicauda. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Study of geographic variation in Mongolian samples provided by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
4434D845C93F66E7FAB422E11BD8649F.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 5 genera with 9 species: Genus Dipus Zimmermann 1780 (1 species) Genus Eremodipus Vinogradov 1930 (1 species) Genus Jaculus Erxleben 1777 (3 species) Genus Paradipus Vinogradov 1930 (1 species) Genus Stylodipus G. M. Allen 1925 (3 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
4434D845C93F66E7FAB422E11BD8649F.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Stylodipodiina was proposed for Stylodipus by Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a) but no type genus was explicitly indicated. Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) recorded four dipodine genera as occurring in Asia by late Miocene, the extinct Scirtodipus and Plioscirtopoda, and extant Dipus and Jaculus. Those authors also noted that by late Miocene-early Pliocene times, three phylogenetic lineages were already apparent. One consists only of Dipus; another contains Scirtodipus (late Miocene), Stylodipus, and Plioscirtopoda (late Miocene to early Pleistocene; see also Kowalski, 2001); and the third is represented by Jaculus, Eremodipus, and the extinct Jaculodipus (early Pliocene). Both extinct and living forms are basically Eurasian in distribution, and only two species of Jaculus extend beyond that region to North Africa (see accounts of J. jaculus and J. orientalis).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A9FFC5161C107E823F6D9DEB383FCEE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: N Kazakhstan, Pavlodarskaya Oblast, right bank of Irtysh River near Yamyshevskaya at Podpusknoi (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 535).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A9FFC5161C107E823F6D9DEB383FCEE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Desert, steppe and dry woodland from Don River (Russia), NW coast of Caspian Sea, and N Iran, through Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan to S Tuva, Russia; Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China (Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, N Shaanxi, N Shanxi, Liaoning, and Jilin; see Chen and Wang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Qin, 1991; Shou, 1962; Wang, 1990, 2003; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; and Zhou et al., 1985; Zhang et al., 1997, provide map for Chinese range); see Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A9FFC5161C107E823F6D9DEB383FCEE9.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A9FFC5161C107E823F6D9DEB383FCEE9.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d). Taxonomic study, analysis of geographic variation, and distribution throughout most of range provided by Shenbrot (1991 a, c). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963 b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). For synonyms see Corbet (1984), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), Shenbrot (1991 a, c), and Wang (1964).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D669395A5A5A0ABE363490A830A82D48.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Mus sagitta Pallas 1773	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D669395A5A5A0ABE363490A830A82D48.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Dipus sagitta (Pallas 1773)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D669395A5A5A0ABE363490A830A82D48.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Dipodini. Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) included the extinct Sminthoides (late Miocene to late Pliocene of Asia), but McKenna and Bell (1997) retained it as a separate genus in Dipodinae. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), McKenna and Bell (1997), and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CBAF627DEF211233F1BA9564B23869BC.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Afghanistan or S Tibet (Ognev, 1963 b; Vinogradov, 1928).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CBAF627DEF211233F1BA9564B23869BC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Known only from the type specimen, of which the country of origin, " Afghanistan ", is questionable (see discussion in Hassinger, 1973, and Roberts, 1977, 1997). Listed as occurring in S Xizang, China by Wang (2003).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CBAF627DEF211233F1BA9564B23869BC.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Data Deficient.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
CBAF627DEF211233F1BA9564B23869BC.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Prosalpingotus (see Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1985). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
67B3E69ADF38CFB37D91C237E5F7C1AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Turkmenistan, vicinity of Merv.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
67B3E69ADF38CFB37D91C237E5F7C1AA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from Caspian Sea to Aral Sea, and south of Lake Balkhash (see map in Shenbrot et al., 1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
67B3E69ADF38CFB37D91C237E5F7C1AA.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
67B3E69ADF38CFB37D91C237E5F7C1AA.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963 b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Taxonomic study, distribution, and review contributed by Shenbrot (1990 b), who described balkashensis and jaxartensis as subspecies (we do not recognize subspecies here). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Karyotype given by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d). For synonyms see Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
B7092738639FC8985CB3165F5EAEC8A8.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Scirtopoda lichtensteini Vinogradov 1927	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
B7092738639FC8985CB3165F5EAEC8A8.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Eremodipus lichtensteini (Vinogradov 1927)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
B7092738639FC8985CB3165F5EAEC8A8.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Following Vinogradov (1930), Heptner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Shenbrot (1990 b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995), Eremodipus is recognized as a genus distinct from Jaculus. The oldest record of Eremodipus comes from the early Pliocene of Kazakhstan (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2001).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
9B2CEC0B621220133ECC6B2B284035AD.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Iran, Bushire.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
9B2CEC0B621220133ECC6B2B284035AD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: SE coast of Caspian Sea through Turkmenistan to the Kyzylkum Desert, C Uzbekistan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot et al., 1995), E and S Iran (Lay, 1967), S and W Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), and SW Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
9B2CEC0B621220133ECC6B2B284035AD.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
9B2CEC0B621220133ECC6B2B284035AD.taxon	discussion	Discussion: The taxon turcmenicus has been considered a separate species (Corbet, 1978 c; Holden, 1993; Shenbrot, 1990 a), but Heptner (1975) treated it as conspecific with J. blanfordi, even though measurements given for the two species differ considerably, no tests of significance were performed, and only two specimens of J. blanfordi were included in the study. Holden (1993) recognized J. turcmenicus, as in Shenbrot (1990 a), pending critical revision. Recent research corroborates Heptner’s view (Shenbrot et al., 1995) and turcmenicus is now included in J. blanfordi (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Shenbrot et al., 1995). Presence of spines on the bacula of J. blanfordi and J. orientalis (figured by Didier and Petter, 1960), is shared by turcmenicus (figured in Heptner, 1975), reinforcing its status as a geographic segment of J. blanfordi, and suggesting that the two species form a monophyletic group that excludes J. jaculus; see also comment in Corbet (1978 c) under J. blanfordi. Taxonomic study, distribution, and review of the turcmenicus section provided by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Shenbrot (1990 a), and Shenbrot et al. (1995); morphology and habitat discussed by Stalmakova (1957); and karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
083A8AD3F7E4580A710D96F25320D339.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Mus jaculus Linnaeus 1758	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
083A8AD3F7E4580A710D96F25320D339.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 3 species: Species Jaculus blanfordi Murray 1884 Species Jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus 1758) Species Jaculus orientalis Erxleben 1777	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
083A8AD3F7E4580A710D96F25320D339.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Dipodini. Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Generic review and composite distribution map of all species provided by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Evolutionary history extends back to late Miocene of Kazakhstan (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2001), late Pliocene of Morocco (Jaeger, 1970) and Ethiopia (Wesselman, 1984), and Plio-Pleistocene in Kenya (Black and Krishtalka, 1986); see review by Denys (1999). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
DC348523257879F1671A085897D93C73.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Egypt, Giza Pyramids.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
DC348523257879F1671A085897D93C73.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N Africa in Senegal (Bâ et al., 2000; Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), NE Nigeria (Happold, 1987) and Niger, from S Mauritania to Morocco (see range map in Aulagnier and Thévenot. 1986, and Bâ et al., 2001), E through Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Tunisia (Vesmanis, 1984) and Libya (Ranck, 1968) to Sudan (Setzer, 1956), Ethiopia and Eritrea (Yalden et al., 1996), Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), and Somalia; throughout Arabia (Harrsion and Bates, 1991; Al-Jumaily, 1998, for Yemen), the Sinai and Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999) through Iraq (Hatt, 1959) to SW Iran (Lay, 1967). Granjon et al. (1992: 272) stated that this species " has probably only recently reached Senegal from Mauritania where it was previously known to occur. ".	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
DC348523257879F1671A085897D93C73.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
DC348523257879F1671A085897D93C73.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Ranck (1968) recognized two species in this complex, J. jaculus and J. deserti, but Harrison (1978) showed that they are conspecific based on Ranck's criteria (see also discussion in Corbet, 1978 c: 152). Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999) suggested that schlueteri is a species because it occurs adjacent to J. j. vocator in Israel without apparently intergrading as was claimed by Harrison and Bates (1991). Karyotype given by Al Saleh and Khan (1984) and Granjon et al. (1992). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E3661D7494451F82B29179017998E3B.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Egypt, in the " mountains separating Egypt from Arabia " (G. M. Allen, 1939: 424).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E3661D7494451F82B29179017998E3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Arid or semarid regions of N Africa and Israel, from Morocco (see the range map in Aulagnier and Thévenot, 1986) E through Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Tunisia (Vesmanis, 1984), and Libya (Ranck, 1968) to Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Sinai and S Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; " a narrow strip in northern Negev, " G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E3661D7494451F82B29179017998E3B.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E3661D7494451F82B29179017998E3B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Jaculus orientalis has been identified from the late Pliocene in Ethiopia (Wesselman, 1984) and Plio-Pleistocene in Kenya (Black and Krishtalka, 1986). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EBE08B10C754082E8799AE9D502A3E45.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: E Turkmenistan, near Repetek.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EBE08B10C754082E8799AE9D502A3E45.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Sand deserts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and E Aral region of Kazakhstan; see Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EBE08B10C754082E8799AE9D502A3E45.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
EBE08B10C754082E8799AE9D502A3E45.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d). Os penis described and figured by Shenbrot (1992). Range, taxonomy, and other characteristics reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963 b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D320683920EA3555E7327A1B05C36086.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Scirtopoda ctenodactyla Vinogradov 1929	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D320683920EA3555E7327A1B05C36086.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Paradipus ctenodactylus (Vinogradov 1929)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D320683920EA3555E7327A1B05C36086.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Paradipodini. Shenbrot (1992) showed that Paradipus is highly differentiated from other genera in Dipodini (in which it has traditionally been placed) and appears to be most closely related to Cardiocraniinae, based on molar and mastoid characters. Study of the male reproductive tract by Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983) supported molar and mastoid data, and those authors segregated Paradipus in its own tribe within Dipodinae, which is where Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a) placed it in their classification. Shenbrot (1992) and Shenbrot et al. (1995) recognized Paradipodinae within Dipodidae. Paradipus was not included in Stein's (1990) study of limb myology. The tribe is represented by living P. ctenodactylus and extinct P. badhysus from early Pleistocene of Turkmenistan (Shenbrot, 1986; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2001).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D845610132084060162D6BDC4D82C439.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: S Mongolia, near Mt. Uskuk (Ussuk), Camp Ondai Sair (Andrews, 1932: 101).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D845610132084060162D6BDC4D82C439.taxon	distribution	Distribution: NW, S, and C Mongolia east of Barun Khurai (Baruun Huuray) Valley; and adjacent China: Nei Mongolia, N Hebei, N Shanxi, N Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia (see Ma et al., 1987; Qin, 1991; Wang, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D845610132084060162D6BDC4D82C439.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D845610132084060162D6BDC4D82C439.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c) included andrewsi as a subspecies of S. telum, but Sokolov and Orlov (1980) recognized it as a distinct species. Sokolov and Shenbrot (1987 b) showed that in addition to the retention of a rudimentary P 4, S. andrewsi is differentiated from S. sungorus and S. telum in dental and phallic characters, and in greater bullar inflation. The ranges of S. andrewsi and S. sungorus are adjacent but do not overlap (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b). See comments under S. sungorus and S. telum.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
60592E61BB6A87407BA33950670E8CF7.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Stylodipus andrewsi Allen 1925	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
60592E61BB6A87407BA33950670E8CF7.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 3 species: Species Stylodipus andrewsi Allen 1925 Species Stylodipus sungorus Sokolov and Shenbrot 1987 Species Stylodipus telum (Lichtenstein 1823)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
60592E61BB6A87407BA33950670E8CF7.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Scirtopoda is often incorrectly used for this genus, but is a junior synonym of Jaculus (Corbet, 1978 c: 153; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 536). Shenbrot et al. (1995) included the extinct Scirtodipus (late Miocene of Kazakhstan) as a synonym, but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) and McKenna and Bell (1997) listed it as a separate genus in Dipodinae. Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) also regard Scirtodipus as ancestral to Stylodipus, which is represented by Pleistocene samples (S. telum) and early Pliocene material from Mongolia (S. iderensis and S. perfectus). Generic review provided by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1BF794620120D658A64C177BAE5EE9A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: SW Mongolia, Altai Gobi, north slope Takhin-Shara-Nuru (Tahiyn-Shar-Nuruu) range, 15 km E Tsargin.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1BF794620120D658A64C177BAE5EE9A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: SW Mongolia, possibly Xinjiang, China (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b: 585).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1BF794620120D658A64C177BAE5EE9A5.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1BF794620120D658A64C177BAE5EE9A5.taxon	discussion	Discussion: On the basis of the length and breadth of the molar row, size of auditory bullae, and phallic characters (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b), S. sungorus appears to be distinct from S. telum. Relationship and distribution relative to S. andrewsi and S. telum is unclear and needs further study (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b). See comment under S. andrewsi.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
90E9EB3179533E432B536E633D4442DB.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Kazakhstan, steppe along NE shore of Aral Sea (Ognev, 1963 b: 303).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
90E9EB3179533E432B536E633D4442DB.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E Ukraine, N Caucasus, W Turkmenistan, W Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot, 1991 b); E to N Xinjiang, China (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Shou, 1962; Wang, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; but see comment below; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997). See Shenbrot et al. (1995) for overall distribution.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
90E9EB3179533E432B536E633D4442DB.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
90E9EB3179533E432B536E633D4442DB.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963 b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995); subspecific revision contributed by Shenbrot (1991 b). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d). Because S. andrewsi is considered a synonym of S. telum by some workers, some of the earlier published records of S. telum from China represent S. andrewsi. Wang (2003) records S. telum only from N Xinjiang. See comments under S. andrewsi and S. sungorus. European Pleistocene records reviewed by Kowalski (2001). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Shenbrot (1991 b), Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
568EC362F16993303E0B5AF240AADCBA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: NW China; W Xinjiang, W of Taklimakan Shamo (Takla-Makan Desert), near Shache (Yarkand).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
568EC362F16993303E0B5AF240AADCBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: S Mongolia; China (Nei Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia; see Chen and Wang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Qian et al., 1965; Shou, 1962; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Wang, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
568EC362F16993303E0B5AF240AADCBA.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Endangered.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
568EC362F16993303E0B5AF240AADCBA.taxon	discussion	Discussion: For synonyms see Corbet (1978 c, 1984).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A77D160200CD145ED1388D4DA6B5B925.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Euchoreutes naso Sclater 1891	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A77D160200CD145ED1388D4DA6B5B925.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Euchoreutes naso Sclater 1890	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
A77D160200CD145ED1388D4DA6B5B925.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963 b).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0CE83BCABA5F7ADF115E6F1E00BDFA36.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 1 genus with 1 species: Genus Euchoreutes Sclater 1890 (1 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0CE83BCABA5F7ADF115E6F1E00BDFA36.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Based on crown structure of the molars and characters of the mastoid region, Shenbrot (1992) proposed that Euchoreutinae is most closely related to Sicistinae in Sminthidae. The results of Stein's (1990) study of limb musculature placed Euchoreutinae as a sister group of Zapodinae and Allactaginae in Dipodidae, Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000 a, b) arranged it as a subfamily of Allactagidae, and Potapova (2000) espoused family rank based on bullar morphology. Lyon (1901) had originally proposed Euchoreutinae as a subfamily in Dipodidae. See comment under Dipodidae.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
DB5D503D8C88F7B579467271B827F023.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 1 genus with 13 species: Genus Sicista Gray 1827 (13 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
DB5D503D8C88F7B579467271B827F023.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Some authors, mostly Russian (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995; Shenbrot, 1992; Shenbrot et al., 1995), use the family name Sminthidae for this group, because Brandt's (1855) supergeneric taxon Sminthi predates Sicistinae J. A. Allen, 1901 a. Holden (1993) noted that the 1985 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature indicated that when two genera are united their respective type species remain the same, and the valid name of the newly formed taxon is that of the component taxon with the oldest valid name (ICZN, 1985 d, article 66: 125 - 127). Sicista Gray, 1827 predates Sminthus Nordmann, 1840, and thus Sicista is correct. Sicistinae is the valid subfamily (or family or tribe) name according to article 23 of the 1985 ICZN (p. 47). However, Article 40.2 of the 1999 ICZN states if " a family-group name was replaced before 1961 because of the synonymy of the type genus, the substitute name is to be maintained if it is in prevailing usage " (p. 47), a ruling, in our view, supporting use of Sicistinae, which has been employed (as subfamily or tribe) in a variety of major works since 1901 (Corbet, 1978 c; Ellerman, 1940, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Klingener, 1984; Kowalski, 2001; R. A. Martin, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945; Stein, 1990; Vinogradov, 1925, 1930, 1937; Wang, 1985; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 a). The separation of Sicistinae from Zapodinae, suggested by Ellerman (1940), is supported by analyses of morphology (Shenbrot, 1986, 1992; Stein, 1990), chromosomes (Sokolov et al., 1987 b; Vorontsov, 1969), and nuclear gene sequences (DeBry and Sagel, 2001; Jansa and Weksler, 2004; Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000; Michaux et al., 2001 b). Extant species of Sicista range through the Palaearctic of Eurasia, and the group is the only Recent remnant of an impressive extinct radiation of species and genera already present by the early Oligocene of Asia (Allosminthus, Heosminthus, Tatalsminthus, Shamosminthus, and Sinosminthus) that extended through the later Oligocene to the late Miocene of Asia (Plesiosminthus, Parasminthus, Gobiosminthus, Heterosminthus, Lophocricetus, Lophosminthus, Sibirosminthus, and Xenosminthus), and late Oligocene and early Miocene of Europe (Pleisiosminthus). Sicistinae are also recorded from late Oligocene to Early Pleistocene deposits in North America (Pleisiosminthus, Schaubeumys, Macrognathomys, Megasminthus, Miosicista, and Tyrannomys) (New and Old World records presented in various contexts in Daxner-Höck, 1999, 2001; Daxner-Höck and Wu, 2003; Huang, 1992; Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud, 1980; Korth, 1993; Lopatin and Zazhigin, 2000; R. A. Martin, 1989 a; 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Wang, 1985; Wang and Qiu, 2000). Heterosminthus, Lophocricetus, Lophosminthus, and Sibirosminthus are often brought together in Lophocricetinae and placed in Zapodidae (R. A. Martin, 1994; Qiu, 1985), Dipodidae (Savinov, 1970; Topachevskii et al., 1984; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 b, 2002; Zazhigin et al., 2002), or Cardiocraniinae (Shenbrot et al., 1995), or as a tribe (Lophocricetini) in Sicistinae (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Primisminthus and Banyuesminthus, from middle Eocene deposits of Shanxi and Henan provinces in China, possibly represent even older representatives of Sicistinae; Wang and Qiu (2000) speculated that Primisminthus may be the oldest member of an inclusive Dipodidae, and Banyuesminthus could be a sister-group to dipodids.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7D563EF44C1435FBF6A6E73F9372DD16.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: NW Armyanskaya, Malyy Kavkaz, Pazdanskiy Region, Pambakskiy Range, near Ankavan, head of Marmarik River, subalpine zone, 2200 m.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7D563EF44C1435FBF6A6E73F9372DD16.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Known only from the type locality.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7D563EF44C1435FBF6A6E73F9372DD16.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Critically Endangered.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7D563EF44C1435FBF6A6E73F9372DD16.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov and Baskevich (1988) presented karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished S. armenica from S. caucasica, S. kluchorica, and S. kazbegica. See also comment under Sicista. Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6871B70215342BA34E3C8B54D6A55C42.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: SW Siberia, birch plain on bank of Ishim River, and Barabinskaya Step.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6871B70215342BA34E3C8B54D6A55C42.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Boreal and montane forests from Norway and Denmark, east to Lake Baikal region, north to the Artic Circle at the White Sea and Usa River, south to Austria, Carpathian and Sayan Mtns (Corbet, 1978 c). See Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977), and Shenbrot et al. (1995) for range in Russia. Corbet (1978 c) included the Ussuri region of SE Siberia, but Sokolov et al. (1989) considered the Ussuri region records questionable, and Pavlinov (in litt., 1994) and Shenbrot et al. (1995) indicate that the species does not extend east of Lake Baikal.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6871B70215342BA34E3C8B54D6A55C42.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
6871B70215342BA34E3C8B54D6A55C42.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. napaea and S. pseudonapaea. Pallas' type specimen was probably not preserved (Ognev, 1963 b: 33). Review of taxonomy, characteristics, ecology, and distribution available for Europe (Pucek, 1982; Mitchell-Jones, 1999), Austria (Spitzenberger, et al., 1995), East Baltic region (Timm et al., 1998), E Carpathian Mtns of Slovakia (Danko, 1994), Sumava Mtns of SW Bohemia (And � ra and ervený, 1994), Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus in Lake Baikal (Reiter et al., 1995), and Russia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Shenbrot et al., 1995). Fragments in owl pellets from Schleswig-Holstein is the first and only record for S. betulina since 1950 (Borkenhagen, 1996). Miljutin (1999) provided a comprehensive review of the morphology of S. betulina and its phylogenetic and adaptive significance. He (Miljutin, 1997, 1998) also included the species in a treatise on ecomorphology of Baltic rodents and review of ecological strategies in those populations. See comment under S. strandi, a taxon that was once included in S. betulina. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1F39B3352C06ED51BCB4F083F097489C.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Mus subtilis Pallas 1773	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1F39B3352C06ED51BCB4F083F097489C.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 13 species: Species Sicista armenica Sokolov and Baskevich 1988 Species Sicista betulina (Pallas 1779) Species Sicista caucasica Vinogradov 1925 Species Sicista caudata Thomas 1907 Species Sicista concolor Büchner 1892 Species Sicista kazbegica Sokolov, Baskevich, and Kovalskaya 1986 Species Sicista kluchorica Sokolov, Kovalskaya, and Baskevich 1980 Species Sicista napaea Hollister 1912 Species Sicista pseudonapaea Strautman 1949 Species Sicista severtzovi Ognev 1935 Species Sicista strandi Formozov 1931 Species Sicista subtilis (Pallas 1773) Species Sicista tianshanica Salensky 1903	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
1F39B3352C06ED51BCB4F083F097489C.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Karyological research and systematic problems in the genus reviewed by Sokolov et al. (1987 b). Several species in the S. concolor complex (S. armenica, S. caucasica, S. caudata, S. kazbegica, S. kluchorica, S. tianshanica) have been distinguished by Sokolov and colleagues primarily by karyotypic and spermatozoal differences (Baskevich, 1996 a, provides the most current summary of the morphological, chromosomal, and spermatozoal traits used to distinguish these species). All these species are provisionally recognized here, but need further documentation and corroborative data sets to firmly establish their specific status. Diagnoses, characteristics, distribution, geographical variation, ecology, and economic importance of species in Russia and adjacent regions extensively reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964) and Stein (1990). Comparative myology of pelvic girdle studied by Fokin (1971). European late Pliocene and Pleistocene records of Sicista reviewed by Kowalski (2001). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7CD7F9B6DDBB50DD60B260C282CB75A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, N Caucasus, Krasnodarskiy Kray (Kuban Prov.), Maykop (Maikop) District, 7000 - 9000 feet.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7CD7F9B6DDBB50DD60B260C282CB75A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: NE Turkey (E Black Sea Mtns; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001) and NW Caucasus (see Sokolov et al., 1987 a).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7CD7F9B6DDBB50DD60B260C282CB75A1.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7CD7F9B6DDBB50DD60B260C282CB75A1.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1981 b, 1987 b) gave karyological and morphological characters that distinguished this species from S. kluchorica and S. concolor, S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988), and S. kazbegika (Sokolov et al., 1986 b). Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). See also comment under Sicista, and in Corbet (1984: 25).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7BE7E3177B39C3EC8D200D3876F7D056.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, Sakhalin Oblast, Sakhalin Isl, 17 miles NW Korsakov.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7BE7E3177B39C3EC8D200D3876F7D056.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Ussuri region of NE China (Heilongjiang, Jilin; Wang, 2003) and Primorski Kray, Sikhote-Alin range, N Korea, and Sakhalin Isl, Russia; see map in Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7BE7E3177B39C3EC8D200D3876F7D056.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Endangered.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
7BE7E3177B39C3EC8D200D3876F7D056.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) and Sokolov and Kovalskaya (1990) gave karyological and spermatozooal characters that distinguished this species from S. tianshanica, and from S. concolor (Sokolov et al., 1980). See also comment under Sicista and S. concolor. Korean range is discussed by Won and Smith (1999). Populations in Russia reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F62B198223FC0365B954237E7CFB533A.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: China, Gansu, N slope of the mountains of Xining, Guiduisha.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F62B198223FC0365B954237E7CFB533A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, W Sichuan, and Yunnan (Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 1990, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990); W Kashmir and N Pakistan (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Roberts, 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F62B198223FC0365B954237E7CFB533A.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
F62B198223FC0365B954237E7CFB533A.taxon	discussion	Discussion: S. concolor has been reported from the Chinese provinces of Heilongjinag and Jilin (Yang et al., 1991); the relationship of these populations to S. caudata needs further study. Does not include S. armenica, S. caucasica, S. caudata, S. kazbegica, S. kluchorica, or S. tianshanica; see comments under respective species, under Sicista, and in Corbet (1978 c: 149, 1984: 25). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5AB27DDC12A5CDB94611FABB4FEDD72B.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Georgia, Kazbegi District, 14 km NW Kobi, Suatisi Gap, upper reaches Terek River, subalpine zone, 2200 m.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5AB27DDC12A5CDB94611FABB4FEDD72B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Greater Caucasus: southern flanks in N Ossetia region of Russia, and the Kazbegi District on the northern flanks in Georgia (Shenbrot et al. 1995; Sokolov and Baskevich, 1992; Sokolov et al., 1986 b, 1987 a).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5AB27DDC12A5CDB94611FABB4FEDD72B.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Data Deficient.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5AB27DDC12A5CDB94611FABB4FEDD72B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1986 b) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished the Georgian population of this species from S. caucasica and S. kluchorica, and S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988). Sokolov and Baskevich (1992) reported chromosomal, morphological, and spermatozoal data for a population from the North Ossetia region, which shows some chromosomal differences that they interpreted as simply geographic variation within S. kazbegica. Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). See also comment under Sicista.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
4873EACC92668CF6AB5374409379A3EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, N Caucasus, Karachayevo-Cherkess Autonomous Region, upper North Klukhor River at Klukhor Pass, 2100 m.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
4873EACC92668CF6AB5374409379A3EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: NW Caucasus; see Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Sokolov et al. (1987 a).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
4873EACC92668CF6AB5374409379A3EF.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Data Deficient.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
4873EACC92668CF6AB5374409379A3EF.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1981 b, 1987 b) gave karyological and morphological characters that distinguished this species from S. caucasica and S. concolor, S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988), and S. kazbegika (Sokolov et al., 1986 b). See also comment under Sicista and in Corbet (1984: 25). Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E390AA6FDD3C87274E8F4F947D455A3.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, Altai Krai, Altai Mtns, Seminsk Ridge, Tapuchii (Tapucha).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E390AA6FDD3C87274E8F4F947D455A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E Kazakhstan and Russia, Altai Krai, NW Altai Mtns; see Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E390AA6FDD3C87274E8F4F947D455A3.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8E390AA6FDD3C87274E8F4F947D455A3.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) gave karyological, and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. pseudonapaea and S. betulina. Listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8FA6964C4707E7B0352E22CAB6418233.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: E Kazakhstan, Altai Mtns, N slope of Narymskiy Range, Katon-Karagay.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8FA6964C4707E7B0352E22CAB6418233.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E Kazakhstan, Taiga of S Altai Mtns; see Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8FA6964C4707E7B0352E22CAB6418233.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Data Deficient.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8FA6964C4707E7B0352E22CAB6418233.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) gave karyological, spermatozoal, and phallic characters that distinguished this species from S. napaea and S. betulina. Sicista pseudonapaea is provisionally recognized here, but requires further documentation, and the inclusion of other data sets, to establish its specific status. Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
35EC490D8FF1C96389221599620C271B.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, Voronezh Oblast, Bobrov District, Kamennaya Steppe Experimental Station.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
35EC490D8FF1C96389221599620C271B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: S Russia (S Voronezh Region and N Rostov Region; Koval’skaya et al., 2000) and E Ukraine (Zagorodnyk and Kondratenko, 2000). See Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
35EC490D8FF1C96389221599620C271B.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
35EC490D8FF1C96389221599620C271B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1986 a) separated this species from S. subtilis by its distinctive karyotype. Holden (1993) provisionally recognized S. severtzovi but noted the need for further documentation, and the inclusion of other data sets, to bolster its specific status. Recently, Koval’skaya et al. (2000) sampled more geographic samples and amplified the chromosomal and geographic definition of S. severtzovi relative to S. subtilis, and Zagorodnyk and Kondratenko (2000) provided more chromosomal and distributional information. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95EBA25A2BC5F508746A6D675D9BADD2.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, Caucasus, Stavropol Krai, Karachayevo-Cherkess Region, Karachayevsk District, Uchkulan (Utschkulak), Igera, 2100 m; shown in Sokolov et al. (1989).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95EBA25A2BC5F508746A6D675D9BADD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N Caucasus, north to Kursk District of S Russia; see Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Sokolov et al. (1989).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95EBA25A2BC5F508746A6D675D9BADD2.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
95EBA25A2BC5F508746A6D675D9BADD2.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Sokolov et al. (1989) distinguished this species from S. betulina primarily by its different karyotype. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998) listed S. strandi as a separate species, a hypothesis provisionally followed here. Further documentation and incorporation of other character sets is essential in order to assess whether or not strandi should be included in S. betulina.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FB0F730E0D09B23E490B41B774B08078.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Russia, Kurgan Oblast, on Tobol River near Kaminskaya Kur'ya (suburb), on road from Zverinogolovskoye to Kurgan (Ognev, 1963 b: 27).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FB0F730E0D09B23E490B41B774B08078.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Steppes from SE Poland, Hungary, E Serbia, Romania and NE Bulgaria (see Mitchell-Jones, 1999, for European range) through S Russia, N Kazakhstan, and SW Siberia to the Altai Range, Lake Balkhash, Lake Baikal, and NW Xinjiang, China (Li and Wang, 1981; Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003; see distribution map for Chinese segment in Zhang et al., 1997). See Ilchenko and Volodin (1992), Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977) and Shenbrot et al. (1995) for range in Russia.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FB0F730E0D09B23E490B41B774B08078.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
FB0F730E0D09B23E490B41B774B08078.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Holotype was probably not preserved (Ognev, 1963 b: 27). Karyology studied by Sokolov et al. (1986 a). Review and distribution in Europe provided by Pucek (1982; in Mitchell-Jones, 1999), in Serbia by Petrov (1992), and in Russia by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Chromosomal characteristics of samples of S. subtilis in S Russia (Volgograd and E Rostov Regions) where that species ranges close to S. severtzovi is documented by Koval’skaya et al. (2000). See comment under S. severtzovi. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
22FCBD1A666B66D12DEF74162E768B5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: China, Xinjiang, S slope Tien Shan Mtns, between Kapchagay (Chapzagai-gol) and Tsaima (Zanma) Rivers.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
22FCBD1A666B66D12DEF74162E768B5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Tien Shan Mtns of Kazakhstan (see Sludskii, 1977); Tien Shan Mtns and E Tarbagatay Mtns of Xinjiang, China (see Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003); see overall distribution map in Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
22FCBD1A666B66D12DEF74162E768B5D.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
22FCBD1A666B66D12DEF74162E768B5D.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) and Sokolov and Kovalskaya (1990) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguish this species from S. caudata, and from S. concolor (Sokolov et al., 1980). See also comment under Sicista. Listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
48E7AC6CFA6C011EC01F8518F09DC7DA.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Zapus setchuanus Pousargues 1896	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
48E7AC6CFA6C011EC01F8518F09DC7DA.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Eozapus setchuanus (Pousargues 1896)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
48E7AC6CFA6C011EC01F8518F09DC7DA.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Oldest record is from early Miocene of Mongolia represented by E. prosimilis (Lopatin and Zazhigin, 2000). Eozapus similis from late Miocene sediments in Nei Mongol (Ertemte and Harr Obo, N China) may be ancestral to living E. setchuanus (Fahlbusch, 1992), and extinct E. intermedius (type species of Protozapus) from late Miocene strata in Europe. Protozapus, proposed by Bachmayer and Wilson (1970) and documented from the late Miocene of Spain, Austria, and Poland (R. A. Martin, 1994; van de Weerd, 1976), has been considered a junior synonym of either Eozapus (van de Weerd, 1976) or Sminthozapus (Farjanel and Mein, 1984). Van de Weerd’s allocation of Protozapus has been endorsed by Fahlbusch (1992), who also noted that molar occlusal patterns of Polish janossyi, the type species of Sminthozapus (Pliocene), closely resemble those of Eozapus, that many late Miocene European samples identified as Sminthozapus are examples of Eozapus, and that Sminthozapus may be another synonym of Eozapus. Daxner-Höck (1999) followed Fahlbusch and considered European Eozapus (containing E. intermedius and E. sp.) to be restricted to the late Miocene, but Fahlbusch and Bolliger (1996) extended the time range to early Pliocene. Qiu and Storch (2000: 188) regarded the early Pliocene Sinozapus from Nei Mongol sediments to be a sister group to " the Eozapus-Sminthozapus complex and not a descendent of the late Miocene E. similis from the same general region. " The significance of these new discoveries and reidentifications is revealed within an evolutionarily and biogeographic context: the extant Chinese E. setchuanus, which is relictual in its primitive molar morphology and geographic distribution, is the only living representative of a clade containing other species of Eozapus that is rooted in the early Miocene of Central Asia and once ranged from Europe to eastern Asia during later Miocene times.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
16211312A9CFA55D2D561AAE55B7E669.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: China, Sichuan Prov., Tatsienlu (Kangding).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
16211312A9CFA55D2D561AAE55B7E669.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China: Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and NW Yunnan; 3000 - 4000 m (Qin, 1991; Wang, 1990, 2003; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Zhang et al., 1997, provided distribution map).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
16211312A9CFA55D2D561AAE55B7E669.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Vulnerable.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
16211312A9CFA55D2D561AAE55B7E669.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Martin (1994: 5) wrote " Although distinctly more hypsodont and with lophs and lophids connecting the primary molar cusps, Eozapus retains the generalized, underived zapodid pattern of Plesiosminthus. " The latter is the oldest known scistine found in late Oligocene and Miocene sediments in both Europe and North America. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5102CD172B9DDA53371EB60261B2335D.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Zapus insignis Miller 1891	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5102CD172B9DDA53371EB60261B2335D.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 1 species: Species Napaeozapus insignis (Miller 1891)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
5102CD172B9DDA53371EB60261B2335D.taxon	discussion	Discussion: For verification of the absence of cheek pouches in Napaeozapus see Klingener (1971). Documented in fossil record from the middle Pleistocene (R. A. Martin, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C3BB1F2CBF9DFAFF5FA310B50F476076.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 3 genera with 5 species: Genus Eozapus Preble 1899 (1 species) Genus Napaeozapus Preble 1899 (1 species) Genus Zapus Coues 1875 (3 species)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
C3BB1F2CBF9DFAFF5FA310B50F476076.taxon	discussion	Discussion: The recognition of three genera of living zapodines (Ellerman, 1940; Klingener, 1963; Krutzsch, 1954; R. A. Martin, 1994), which we retain here, has been challenged by Corbet (1978 c), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Simpson (1945), who included Eozapus in Zapus. Higher level relationships among zapodines have been addressed by Preble (1899), who described Eozapus and Napaeozapus as new subgenera of Zapus, and by Krutzsch (1954), who supported generic separation based on differences in tooth number and occlusal pattern, bacula, and ear ossicles. Klingener (1964: 75) found no consistant differences in the myology of Zapus versus Napaeozapus (Eozapus was not included in his study), but favored generic separation of the two based on dental morphology. The dental differences between Eozapus on one hand, and Zapus and Napaeozapus on the other, as documented in Klingener (1963), R. A. Martin (1994), Preble (1899), van de Weerd (1976), and Krutzsch (1954), are particularly striking and phylogenetically significant (e. g., " dental features of Eozapus ... are completely different from those of ... Zapus and Napaeozapus, " van de Weerd, 1976: 139). Molar occlusal patterns and degree of hypsodonty in Eozapus, especially the lowers, are primitive and closely resemble molar structure in the extinct sicistine Plesiosminthus (late Oligocene to Miocene in North America and Eurasia); those of Zapus and Napaeozapus are highly derived (Klingener, 1963; R. A. Martin, 1994). External traits of Eozapus, by contrast, closely resemble Napaeozapus and Zapus in pelage color and pattern and in saltatory adaptations (elongate hind legs and feet, long tail relative to body length) characterizing the other two genera, and possibly " the appearance of the first zapodine dentition in the fossil record also signals the first filling of the jumping mouse adaptive zone " (R. A. Martin, 1994: 105). Evolutionary history of zapodines, as documented by fossils, extends back to early Miocene of Kazakhstan and Mongolia, late Miocene in North America, Europe, and China, and is represented by species in the three recent genera and the extinct Asiazapus, Javazapus, Pliozapus, Sinozapus, and Sminthozapus (Fahlbusch, 1992; Lopatin and Zazhigin, 2000; Qiu and Storch, 2000; R. A. Martin, 1994). Judged by fossil evidence, zapodines may have originated in Asia with Eozapus prosimilis (early Miocene of Mongolia) basal to Eurasian species, and Asiazapus (late Miocene of Kazakhstan) closely related to North American Zapus and Napaeozapus (Lopatin and Zazhigin, 2000).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
ACBE76115DFFE91FA3809690EC32F3C3.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche River.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
ACBE76115DFFE91FA3809690EC32F3C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Canada: SE Manitoba, SW and E Ontario, S and E Quebec north to S Labrador. USA: E Minnesota, N and C Wisconsin, upper peninsular and N lower peninsular Michigan, E Ohio, Pennsylvania; north and east to NW New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, W Massachusetts (isolated population in Martha's Vinyard), Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine; south to West Virginia, W Virginia, E Kentucky, E Tennessee, W North Carolina, NW South Carolina, and NE Georgia.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
ACBE76115DFFE91FA3809690EC32F3C3.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
ACBE76115DFFE91FA3809690EC32F3C3.taxon	discussion	Discussion: A specimen of Napaeozapus was collected in Park County, Indiana (Lyon, 1942), though subsequent trapping failed to yield further examples (Mumford, 1969). The identity of the specimen was verified by Klingener (1965: 645) and Wrigley (1972: 42). Systematic revision and biology provided by Wrigley (1972). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Diagnosis, range map, and records provided by Hall (1981). Population in E Kentucky discussed by Meade (1992). Reviewed by Whitaker and Wrigley (1972, Mammalian Species, 14), Whitaker and Hamilton (1998), and Whitaker (1999 a). For synonyms see Hall (1981).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8276497521C5B3C2F9A8DB0F7C02019B.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Dipus hudsonius Zimmermann 1780	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8276497521C5B3C2F9A8DB0F7C02019B.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 3 species: Species Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann 1780) Species Zapus princeps Allen 1893 Species Zapus trinotatus Rhoads 1894	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
8276497521C5B3C2F9A8DB0F7C02019B.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Revised by Preble (1899) and Krutzsch (1954). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Dental evolution investigated by Klingener (1963). For verification of the absence of cheek pouches in Zapus see Klingener (1971). Phallic morphology described by Shenbrot (1992). Evolutionary history extends back to late Pliocene in North America (Klingener, 1963; R. A. Martin, 1994).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BD28F218B6766F6F6197DDC301FEF041.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Canada, Ontario, Hudson Bay, Fort Severn (see Anderson, 1942 b).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BD28F218B6766F6F6197DDC301FEF041.taxon	distribution	Distribution: USA and Canada: S Alaska to S Coast Hudson Bay to Labrador, south to E North Carolina and NW South Carolina, southwest to NW Alabama, north to NE Mississippi and Tennessee, west to NE Oklahoma, northwest to SE Montana, northeast to SE Saskatchewan, northwest to C and S British Columbia. Isolated populations in S Wyoming, NC Colorado, N and C New Mexico, and EC Arizona.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BD28F218B6766F6F6197DDC301FEF041.taxon	conservation	Conservation: U. S. ESA – Threatened as Z. h. preblei; IUCN – Endangered as Z. h. preblei, Vulnerable as Z. h. campestris, Lower Risk (nt) as Z. h luteus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
BD28F218B6766F6F6197DDC301FEF041.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Distinguishing Z. hudsonius from Z. princeps using repeated cranial measurements elaborated by Conner and Shenk (2003). The S Rocky Mtn population originally described as luteus, formerly assigned to princeps, was shown to represent hudsonius by Hafner et al. (1981). Diagnosis, records and range map (excluding Mississippi), provided by Hall (1981). Mississippi record given by Kennedy et al. (1982). Results of new survey for the species in New Mexico reported by Morrison (1992), and population in NE Oklahoma reviewed by Kasper et al. (1993). Reviewed by Whitaker (1972, Mammalian Species, 11; 1999 b), and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). For synonyms see Hall (1981).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0916AA0174CB3591297A7B52AA5E8AC9.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: USA, Colorado, La Plata Co., Florida.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0916AA0174CB3591297A7B52AA5E8AC9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Canada and USA: S Yukon southeast to NE South Dakota, west to C Montana, southeast to SE Wyoming, S to NC New Mexico; northwest to N and C Utah (isolated population in SE Utah), N and C Nevada, EC California north to SW, C and E Oregon, SE Washington northwest to S Yukon.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0916AA0174CB3591297A7B52AA5E8AC9.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
0916AA0174CB3591297A7B52AA5E8AC9.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Formerly included luteus; see comment under Z. hudsonius. Diagnosis, records, and range map provided by Hall (1981). Discrimination from Z. hudsonius by repeated cranial measurements documented by Conner and Shenk (2003). Reviewed by Cranford (1999). For synonyms see Hall (1981).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D091A7AFD0DACBA0B52D9C84134FCCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Canada, British Columbia, mouth of the Frazer River, Lulu Isl.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D091A7AFD0DACBA0B52D9C84134FCCF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Canada and USA: SW British Columbia, W Washington, coastal and WC Oregon, along the N California coast south to the Marin Peninsula.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D091A7AFD0DACBA0B52D9C84134FCCF7.taxon	conservation	Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (conservation dependent) as Z. t. orarius, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
D091A7AFD0DACBA0B52D9C84134FCCF7.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Diagnosis, records, synonyms and range map provided by Hall (1981). Reviewed by Gannon (1988, Mammalian Species, 315; 1999).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 871-893, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
