taxonID	type	description	language	source
D3E613DBA035568AAED53DA6CDAF2671.taxon	description	Figs 6, 7, 8, 9	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
D3E613DBA035568AAED53DA6CDAF2671.taxon	description	Description of adult male. Body (Fig. 6 A) 2.3 times as long as greatest width, widest at pereonite 3; dorsal surfaces anteriorly with tubercules and posterior smooth, sparsely setose. Cephalosome (Figs 6 B, 9 A) 0.6 times as long as wide; lateral margins sub-parallel; posterior margin concave; dorsal surface with numerous granules; dorsal sulcus narrow, shallow, short; translucent region absent; para-ocular ornamentation strongly developed with several tubercles and setae; posterior median tubercle present. Frontolateral processes absent. Frontal margin slightly produced, median point excavate. External scissura present, narrow, deep. Mediofrontal process absent. Superior frontolateral process present, single, strong, rounded and extended, with 1 pair of long simple setae. Inferior frontolateral process absent. Mesioventral margin straight, setose, anterior tip not dorsally visible. Supraocular lobe not pronounced, wide and rounded, accessory supraocular lobe not pronounced. Eyes present, elongate, 0.5 times as long as cephalosome length, contiguous with head surface, ommatidia arranged in rows. Pereon lateral margins narrowing posteriorly, without setae; anteriorly with large granules. Pereonite 1 not fused dorsally with cephalosome; dorsolateral margins fully obscured by cephalosome. Pereonite 2 wider than pereonite 1. Pereonite 4 without anterior constriction, median groove absent. Areae laterales present on pereonite 5; dorsal sulcus obscured by pereonite 6. Pereonite 6 with weak lobi laterales; lobuii weak, globular. Pereonite 7 not visible in dorsal view. Pleon epimera not dorsally visible on all pleonites. Pleotelson (Fig. 6 F) 1.1 times as long as anterior width; lateral margins smooth; anterolateral margins weakly concave; posterolateral margin straight with 2 pairs of submarginal setae; apex with 2 setae. Antennula (Fig. 6 C) shorter than antenna. Peduncle article 1 without tubercles; article 2 0.8 times as long as article 1; article 3 1.9 times as long as article 2, 1.9 times as long as wide. Flagellum as long as article 3, with 5 articles; article 3 with 1 aesthetasc and 1 simple seta; article 4 with 1 aesthetasc; article 5 terminating with 1 aesthetasc and 3 simple setae. Antenna (Fig. 6 D) peduncle with 4 articles; article 3 1.9 times as long as wide, 1.6 times as long as article 2, with 3 penicillate setae and 2 simple setae; article 4 as long as article 3, with 2 penicillate setae, twice as long as wide, with 6 simple setae. Flagellum with 7 articles; 1.5 times as long as article 4; terminating with 3 simple setae. Mandibl e (Fig. 6 E) 1.3 times as long as width, 0.4 times as long as length of cephalosome, weakly curved distally; apex 35.4 % total length; mandibular seta present. Carina present, smooth along proximal half. Incisor elevated, standing clear of surface, distal denticulation present. Blade present, weakly convex, dentate along 64.6 % of margin. Internal lobe absent. Dorsal lobe absent. Basal neck short. Erisma and lamina dentata absent. Pylopod (Fig. 7 A) article 1 1.4 times as long as wide; with 2 distinct areolae; without distolateral lobe; posterior and lateral margins forming rounded curve; lateral margin with 22 large plumose setae; mesial margin with continuous scale-setae; 3 simple setae present on the surface; distal margin with 5 simple setae; article 2 1.3 times as long as wide, with 6 simple setae; article 3 minute (Fig. 7 B), with 2 setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 7 C) 5 - articled; article 1 lateral margin with continuous marginal scale-setae; article 2 lateral margin with 4 plumose setae; article 3 lateral margin with 6 plumose setae; article 4 lateral margin with 5 plumose setae; article 5 with 7 plumose setae and 4 simple setae; endite extending to mid-margin of article 3. Pereopods 2 – 6 (Fig. 8 A – E) with long, simple setae and randomly covered in pectinate scales; propodus distal robust seta slightly longer than proximal robust seta; inferior margins with prominent tubercles. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 8 A) with tubercles on basis to carpus; basis 1.8 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 6 setae, inferior margin with 8 setae; ischium 0.5 times as long as basis, 1.6 times as long as wide, superior margin with 4 setae, inferior margin with 7 setae; merus 0.6 times as long as ischium, as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae; superior margin with bulbous protrusion; inferior margin with 5 setae; carpus 0.6 times as long as ischium, twice as long as wide, superior margin with 1 seta, inferior margin with 3 setae; propodus 0.8 times as long as ischium, 2.8 times as long as wide, superior margin with 2 simple setae, superior margin with 2 penicillate setae, inferior margin with 1 simple seta, and 2 robust setae; dactylus (with unguis) 1.2 times as long as propodus. Pereopods 3 (Fig. 8 B) and 4 (Fig. 8 C) similar to pereopod 2. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 8 E) with tubercles on superior margin of basis and with tubercles on inferior margin of merus; basis 1.6 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 5 simple setae, and 1 penicillate seta, inferior margin with 7 setae; ischium 0.8 times as long as basis, 2.1 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 1 seta, inferior margin with 3 setae; merus 0.5 times as long as ischium, 1.2 times as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae, without dense patch of scale-setae; carpus 0.4 times as long as ischium, 1.7 times as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae; propodus 0.7 times as long as ischium, 3.4 times as long as wide, superior margin with 3 setae, and 2 robust setae; dactylus (with unguis) 0.7 times as long as propodus. Penial process 0.6 times as long as basal width, slightly produced lobe. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 6 G) exopod 2.1 as long as wide, distally broadly rounded, with 9 plumose setae; endopod twice as long as wide, distally broadly rounded, with 8 plumose setae; appendix masculina absent; peduncle 1.2 as wide as long, mesial margin with 2 coupling setae, lateral margin with 1 simple seta. Uropod (Fig. 6 G) rami extending to pleotelson apex, apices broadly rounded. Peduncle with 1 dorsal seta. Endopod 2.6 as long as greatest width; lateral margin straight; distomesial margin sinuate, with 8 long plumose setae. Exopod extending to end of endopod, 3.8 as long as greatest width; lateral margin weakly sinuate, with 6 simple setae; distomesial margin sinuate, with 4 long, plumose setae.	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
D3E613DBA035568AAED53DA6CDAF2671.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name brevicula is derived from the Latin adjective brevis, meaning “ short ”, combined with the diminutive suffix - cula, which conveys smallness. The name thus translates as “ the little short one, ” in reference to the species’ smaller body size compared to G. spongicola. This etymology proves particularly fitting as Barnard originally regarded the specimens as a diminutive form of G. spongicola.	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
250B898DDEE2529799A6DB31F930164B.taxon	description	Figs 10, 11, 12, 13	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
250B898DDEE2529799A6DB31F930164B.taxon	description	Description of adult male. Body (Fig. 10 A) 2.3 times as long as greatest width, widest at pereonite 3; dorsal surfaces anteriorly with tubercules, sparsely setose. Cephalosome (Fig. 10 B) 0.8 times as long as wide; lateral margins narrowing posteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsal surface with numerous granules; dorsal sulcus wide, deep, extended; translucent region absent; para-ocular ornamentation weakly developed and with several tubercles and setae; posterior median tubercle present. Frontolateral processes present. Frontal margin slightly produced, median point even. External scissura present, narrow, shallow. Mediofrontal process present, weak, rounded, without ventral notch, with fine setae. Superior frontolateral process present, single, strong, conical, with 1 pair of long simple setae. Inferior frontolateral process absent. Mesioventral margin slightly curved; granulated; anterior tip not dorsally visible. Supraocular lobe pronounced, rounded; accessory supraocular lobe not pronounced. Eyes present, 0.3 times as long as cephalosome length, bulbous, standing out from head surface, ommatidia arranged in rows. Pereon lateral margins narrowing posteriorly from pereonite 3, with few setae; anteriorly with numerous fine granules. Pereonite 1 partially fused dorsally with cephalosome; dorsolateral margins fully obscured by cephalosome. Pereonite 2 wider than pereonite 1. Pereonite 4 without anterior constriction, median groove absent. Areae laterales present on pereonite 5; dorsal sulcus obscured by pereonite 6. Pereonite 6 with weak lobi laterales; lobuii weak, conical. Pereonite 7 not visible in dorsal view. Pleon covered in pectinate scales and epimera not dorsally visible on all pleonites. Pleonite lateral margins with 2 pairs of simple setae, with 1 pair of simple setae medially. Pleotelson (Fig. 10 E) 1.2 as long as anterior width; lateral margins smooth, anterolateral margins weakly concave; posterolateral margin straight, with 1 pair of submarginal setae; apex with 2 setae. Antennula (Fig. 10 C) shorter than antenna. Peduncle article 1 without tubercles; article 2 1.4 as long as article 1; article 3 2.2 as long as article 2, 3.8 as long as wide. Flagellum with 5 articles, as long as article 3; article 3 with 1 aesthetasc and 1 simple seta; article 4 with 1 aesthetasc seta; article 5 terminating with 1 aesthetasc and 2 simple setae. Antenna (Fig. 10 D) peduncle with 4 articles; article 3 3.7 as long as wide, 2 as long as article 2, with 1 penicillate seta and 3 simple setae; article 4 1.1 as long as article 3, with 4 penicillate setae. Flagellum with 7 articles, as long as article 4, 1.1 as long as article 3, terminating with 4 simple setae. Mandible (Figs 10 E, 13 B) crescent-shaped, strongly curved distally; apex 18.1 % total length; mandibular seta present. Carina present, smooth along proximal half. Incisor elevated, standing clear of surface, distal denticulation present. Blade present, straight, dentate along 82 % of margin. Dorsal lobe absent. Basal neck short. Erisma and lamina dentata absent. Pylopod (Fig. 11 A) article 1 1.4 as long as wide, with three distinct areolae, without distolateral lobe; posterior and lateral margins forming rounded curve; lateral margin with 32 large plumose setae; mesial margin with continuous scale-setae; 4 surface simple setae present; distal margin with 8 simple setae; article 2 1.2 as long as wide, with 18 simple setae; article 3 (Fig. 11 B) minute, with 4 setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 11 C) 5 - articled; article 1 lateral margin with continuous marginal scale-setae laterally; article 2 lateral margin with 5 plumose setae; article 3 lateral margin with 6 plumose setae; article 4 lateral margin with 5 plumose setae; article 5 with 8 plumose setae; endite extending to mid-margin of article 3. Pereopods 2 – 6 (Fig. 12) randomly covered in pectinate scales; inferior margins with prominent tubercles. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 12 A) with tubercles on basis to carpus; basis 2.2 as long as greatest width, superior margin with 4 setae, inferior margin with 4 setae; ischium 0.7 as long as basis, 2.4 as long as wide, superior margin with 3 setae, inferior margin with 4 setae; merus 0.4 as long as ischium, 0.9 as long as wide, superior margin with 3 setae, inferior margin with 2 setae; carpus 0.4 as long as ischium, 1.1 as long as wide, superior margin with 1 seta, inferior margin with 2 setae; propodus 0.6 as long as ischium, 2.7 as long as wide, superior margin with 1 simple seta and 2 robust setae; dactylus (with unguis) 0.8 as long as propodus. Pereopods 3 (Fig. 12 B) and 4 (Figs 12 C, 13 E) mostly similar to pereopod 2; pereopod 5 (Fig. 12 D) similar to pereopod 6 (Fig. 12 E). Pereopod 6 with tubercles on merus and carpus and with tubercles on superior margin of basis; basis 3 as long as greatest width, superior margin with 6 simple setae, inferior margin with 6 setae; ischium 0.7 as long as basis, 2.8 as long as greatest width, superior margin with 4 setae, inferior margin with 8 setae; merus 0.5 as long as ischium, 1.8 as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae, inferior margin with 3 setae, without dense patch of scale-setae; carpus 0.4 as long as ischium, 1.9 as long as wide, inferior margin with 1 seta; propodus 0.7 as long as ischium, 3.8 as long as wide, superior margin with 3 setae, and 2 robust setae; dactylus (with unguis) 0.5 as long as propodus. Penes medially united. Uropod rami extending beyond pleotelson apex, apices broadly rounded. Endopod 2.3 as long as greatest width, dorsally with 1 seta; lateral margin weakly sinuate, lateral margin with 3 simple setae; distomesial margin weakly convex, with 6 long plumose setae. Exopod extending to pleotelson apex, 4.3 as long as greatest width; lateral margin weakly sinuate, with 7 simple setae; distomesial margin convex, with 4 long plumose setae.	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
250B898DDEE2529799A6DB31F930164B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name lancifera is derived from the Latin lancea, meaning “ spear ” or “ lance ”, and - fera (from ferre), meaning “ bearing ” or “ carrying ”. The name refers to the spear-like shape of the mandibles that resemble weapons borne by the gnathiid.	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
F21E103184CE578B98EDADBB201DA5A3.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5	en	Botha, Hesmarié, Smit, Nico J., Erasmus, Anja, Hadfield, Kerry A. (2025): A redescription and two new descriptions of gnathiid isopods (Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from South African museum collections (1898 – 1976). ZooKeys 1256: 115-140, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1256.162445
