identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
828E66ECDDB45A419B606B98EFEDF3F9.text	828E66ECDDB45A419B606B98EFEDF3F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogorgia enrici Hernández & Gómez-Gutiérrez & Sánchez 2021	<div><p>Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. Figures 1, 6, 7, 8E-G</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. NMNH-1638560: dry, San Esteban Island (northwest rocky point), Sonora, Mexico (28°43.564'N, - 112°36.799'W), 24 m depth, in situ temperature 19 °C, 01 November 1999, collector Carlos Sánchez . Paratypes. NMNH-1638561: dry, San Esteban Island (northwest rocky point), Sonora, Mexico (28°43.564'N, - 112°36.799'W), 24 m depth, in situ temperature 19 °C, 01 November 1999, collector Carlos Sánchez; NMNH-1638562: dry, San Esteban Island (northwest rocky point), Sonora, Mexico (28°43.564'N, - 112°36.799'W), 24 m depth, in situ temperature 19 °C, 03 November 1999, collector Carlos Sánchez; NMNH-1638563: dry, San Pedro Nolasco Island (south rocky point), Sonora, Mexico (27°57.094'N, - 111°22.001'W), 30 m depth, 20 October 1999, collector Carlos Sánchez .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>San Esteban Island is part of the midriff islands at the upper Gulf of California, and is the 15th largest island in Mexico by area (40 km²), and has predominantly volcanic rocky reefs. San Esteban Island is a UNESCO "Islas del Golfo de California" Biosphere Reserve (Fig. 1)</p><p>Holotype colony description.</p><p>A bright yellow colony with planar growth and lateral branching (Fig. 6A, B). The colony is 15.3 cm high and 115 cm wide. The colony has a 9 mm diameter holdfast attached to a rock of small size (14 mm × 11 mm) of biogenic origin from which emerges the main stem of 15 mm length and 2 mm diameter. The stem has longitudinal grooves. From the stem arise two main branches: one of 35 mm length and 2 mm diameter and the other of 117 mm length and 2 mm diameter. From these branches arise multiple secondary laterally growing branches. The terminal branches measure 20-30 mm long, 1.5 mm diameter, and have sharp points (Fig. 6B). The polyp mounds are oval of 1 mm length and 0.5 mm width. Mounds are slightly evident with no elevation and are arranged irregularly or in rows on each side of all branches but not the stem.</p><p>Holotype sclerites.</p><p>The dominant type of sclerites is capstans of 0.06 mm length and 0.03 mm width (Fig. 7C). There are abundant long spindles up to 0.11 mm long and 0.02 mm thick, which may or may not be slightly curved at the tips (Fig. 7A, B). Crosses are unusual, of 0.06 mm × 0.06 mm diameter (not shown). Anthocodial sclerites are mostly small yellow rods of up to 0.05 mm length and 0.01 mm width, these anthocodial sclerites have smooth edges and blunt tips (Fig. 6D). Long rods are also present, but in considerably low proportion.</p><p>Morphological variations.</p><p>Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. has arborescent and planar forms of colony growth. The planar colony is the more common morphotype. Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. has four solid colony colorations: yellow (Figs 6A, B, 8E), orange (Fig. 6C), purple, and white (Fig. 8F, G) plus a rare bicolor colony (yellow with purple rings around the calices). The sclerites of the coenenchyme always have the same coloration as the colony.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The purple chromotype of Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. is morphologically similar to the thin and planar morphotype of Leptogorgia rigida; however, both species differ completely in the form of their sclerites. The coenenchyme sclerites of L. rigida consist mainly of robust capstans with short waists, double heads and spheres (absent in L. enrici sp. nov.), while the sclerites of L. enrici sp. nov. are mainly thin capstans and long and spindle sclerites; spindles are absent in L. rigida . These two species are distributed in different habitats: L. rigida in shallow areas (&lt;10 m depth) attached to rocky reefs, typically inhabiting areas with strong currents or wave action and even in the cracks of rocks, while L. enrici sp. nov. is found in rocky reefs, sandy or pebble beds at depths usually &lt;20 m depth. The morphology of L. enrici sp. nov. is similar in the type of branching and colony color to Leptogorgia chilensis (Verrill, 1868) and Leptogorgia flexilis (Verrill, 1868). However, these three species are distinct because L. enrici sp. nov. has colonies with planar growth and four solid chromotypes (yellow, orange, purple and white) and has many long spindles. Leptogorgia chilensis and L. flexilis show arborescent growth typically with branches very close to each other. Each species has a single colony chromotype ( L. chilensis is orange and L. flexilis is red) and spindle sclerites are present in low proportions, with blunt tips rather than the long spindles with pointed tips observed in L. enrici sp. nov. The long and acute spindles in L. enrici sp. nov., are only comparable in size to the spindles of Leptogorgia alba and Leptogorgia manabiensis Soler-Hurtado, Megina, Machordom &amp; López-González, 2017 (Soler-Hurtado et al. 2017b). However, these long spindles are the dominant type in L. alba and L. manabiensis, they are broad with acute ends and crowded tubercles. The dominant type of sclerites of L. enrici sp. nov. are capstans, the spindles are thin with blunt tips and with sparse tubercles. The anthocodial rods of L. alba and L. manabiensis are flat, long and have scalloped margins; while the anthocodial rods of L. enrici sp. nov. are mostly short with lobed margins and blunt tips.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. is endemic to the Gulf of California (Cortez Province according to the biogeographic regions of Brusca and Wallerstein 1979 and Hasting 2000). Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov.'s highest densities are concentrated at the northern Gulf of California (northern Cortez sub-province) (Fig. 1), associated with the lowest winter sea surface temperature (SST, 15 °C), the widest annual range of SST (15-30 °C), and high marine productivity (Ulate et al. 2016). Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. inhabits substrates of rocky reefs, or pebbly and shell seafloor habitats surrounded by sand, in shallow waters (5-40 m depth), but most frequently between 20-40 m. Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. may also be distributed in deeper waters.</p><p>Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. occurs in low densities scattered on the reefs (&lt;1 colony 100 m2) and never clustered in several colonies. Marine ecological censuses carried out during 2009, 2010 and 2018 showed L. enrici sp. nov. is distributed at the Mid-Rift Archipelago of the Gulf of California ( Ángel de la Guarda, Partida, Salsipuedes, Las Ánimas, San Lorenzo, San Esteban, San Pedro Mártir, Tortuga and San Marcos) and at the coast of Baja California peninsula (Los Choros). Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. has been collected with scuba at 40 m in the central and southern Gulf of California (Isla Danzante and Isla Cerralvo). Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. shares its habitat with Muricea spp., Muricea plantaginea (Valenciennes, 1846), Muricea austera Verrill, 1869, Muricea fruticosa Verrill, 1869, Eugorgia aurantiaca (Horn, 1861), Psammogorgia teres Verrill, 1868, and Heterogorgia papillosa Verrill, 1870.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov. is named in honor of Dr. Enric Sala, a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence actively engaged in the exploration, research, and science communication to advance ocean conservation. Enric Sala is a passionate enthusiast of marine life and the conservation of Mexican seas who actively collaborates to generate marine biodiversity knowledge. He founded and leads the National Geographic’s Pristine Seas project that has conducted 30 expeditions in the world, creating 22 no-take large marine reserve (~5 million km2 of no-fishing zones).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/828E66ECDDB45A419B606B98EFEDF3F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hernandez, Osvaldo;Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime;Sanchez, Carlos	Hernandez, Osvaldo, Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime, Sanchez, Carlos (2021): Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. ZooKeys 1017: 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619
C60F5277D18F5D2C90302E257009C652.text	C60F5277D18F5D2C90302E257009C652.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogorgia iridis Hernández & Gómez-Gutiérrez & Sánchez 2021	<div><p>Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. Figures 3, 8A, B</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. NMNH-1638551: dry María Magdalena Island (south west rocky point), Islas Marías Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (21°25.267'N, - 106°24.900'W), 10 m depth, 15 November 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez . Paratypes. NMNH-1638552: dry María Madre Island (southern rocky point), Islas Marías Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (21°32.391'N, - 106°31.877'W), 8 m depth, 18 November 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez . NMNH-1638553: dry María Madre Island (southwest rocky point, Islas Marías Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (21°32.391'N, - 106°31.877'W), 8 m depth, 18 November 2010, two colonies connected by single holdfast, collector Carlos Sánchez . NMNH-1638554: dry, María Madre Island (southwest rocky point), Islas Marías Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (21°25.267'N, - 106°24.900'W), 10 m depth, 15 November 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez . NMNH-1638555: dry colony from El Faro de Cabo Corrientes, Bahía Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico (20°24.553'N, - 105°41.708'W), 2013, collector Carlos Sánchez .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Islas Marías Archipelago is located in the southern region of the Gulf of California, Mexico (21°25.267'N, - 106°24.900'W) near the continental shelf-break about 158 km southwest of Mazatlán, Sinaloa and 106 km northwest of Bahía Banderas, Nayarit (Fig. 1).</p><p>Holotype colony description.</p><p>Colony shows lateral branching and planar growth of 7 cm height and 8.1 cm width. Holdfast is 5 mm diameter and arises the main steam 2.1 cm length and 2 mm diameter, subdividing into two main branches (Fig. 2A). The longer branch grows up to 2.8 cm length and 2 mm diameter before dividing into secondary and further branches 1-2 mm in diameter. The smaller branches are 4 mm length and 1 mm diameter before subdividing and growing downward. The main stem shows three alternating and broken pinnula with a brownish nude axis of 0.5 mm diameter. Secondary and terminal twigs have blunt tips arising at 45° angles and of&gt; 2 mm diameter. The entire colony is yellow and deep purple, forming longitudinal bicolor striped patterns along the branches from the base to the tips of the colony (Fig. 2A). Polyp mounds are oval 1.0 × 0.5 mm, slightly raised by 1 mm with polyp rings, arranged in two rows along with the entire colony, except on the lower half of the stem.</p><p>Holotype sclerites.</p><p>Coenenchymal sclerites of Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. holotype are mostly bright yellow or purple and few of them are bicolor or white (Fig. 2B). Dominant sclerites are capstans (0.06 mm length and 0.04 mm width) (Fig. 3A). Spindles are scarce (0.07 mm length and 0.03 mm width), slightly tuberculate, of white color with pale orange in the middle (Fig. 3B). Crosses measure up to 0.05 mm length and 0.05 mm width. Anthocodial sclerites are long rods of &lt;0.1 mm length and 0.02 mm width with acute ends and lobed margins (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Morphological variations.</p><p>Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. paratypes differ from the holotype in branch diameter and coloration. The morphotypes have a wide range of colorations due to the different proportion of sclerite colors and coenenchymal sclerite arrangement (Figs 2A-D, 8A, B). There are four solid sclerite colorations: yellow, red, purple, and white or with a gradient of colorations among them, including bicolor chromotypes. A colony may have one or two sclerite colors, but their proportion and combination may create different patterns in the colony’s appearance. The holotype has yellow and purple sclerites with a longitudinal color arrangement giving the colony a bicolor (yellow and purple) appearance (Fig. 2A, B). The paratype NMNH-1638553 also has a mixing of sclerites, one colony has the major sclerite proportion of purple compared to white, and the other colony has a major proportion of white compared to purple sclerites, and both colonies have a scrambled sclerite arrangement giving the colonies their coloration (Fig. 2C). However, in several specimens, such as paratype NMNH-1638554, the colony and sclerite coloration is white (Fig. 2D). Colony growth forms of L. iridis sp. nov. have relatively low variability. The only different morphotype, so far collected exclusively at Bahía Banderas, Jalisco, were colonies with similar coloration patterns to the holotype, but with relatively thicker branches (up to 4 mm diameter).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Purple and red Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. have quite similar colony shapes. Both L. iridis sp. nov. chromotypes resemble the color of Leptogorgia obscura Bielschowsky, 1929 and Leptogorgia parva Bielschowsky, 1929. However, L. obscura has small anthocodial rods with blunt ends and L. parva has anthocodial rods with conspicuous lobed margins, which are absent in L. iridis sp. nov. Additionally, L. obscura and L. parva have only one known chromotype, and their terminal branches have acutely pointed ends. In contrast, L. iridis sp. nov., has long anthocodial rods with acute ends and no lobed margins, showing up to five solid colony chromotypes and terminal branches with blunt ends.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>The distribution of Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. covers part of the Central Tropical Mexican Pacific (Mexican Province in Brusca and Wallerstein 1979 and Hasting 2000) from Bahía Banderas, Jalisco to Islas Marías Archipelago Nayarit, Mexico (Fig. 2). Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. grows on shallow rocky reefs &lt;20 m depth. Purple colonies were mostly observed in shallow waters &lt;5 m depth, the bicolor colonies mostly at 7-8 m depth, and yellow colonies mostly observed at 10-20 m depth. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. shares habitat with Leptogorgia ena Breedy, Abeytia &amp; Guzman, 2012, Leptogorgia rigida Verrill, 1864, Leptogorgia alba (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864), Pacifigorgia arenata (Valenciennes, 1846), Pacifigorgia agassizii (Verrill, 1864), Pacifigorgia media (Verrill, 1864), Pacifigorgia stenobrochis (Valenciennes, 1846), Muricea austera Verrill, 1869, and Heterogorgia papillosa Verrill, 1870.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. is named from the Latin word Leptogorgia iridis, which means “rainbow” due to the large number of chromotypes observed in the colonies. Large numbers of chromotypes are one of the main diagnostic characteristics of this novel tropical species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C60F5277D18F5D2C90302E257009C652	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hernandez, Osvaldo;Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime;Sanchez, Carlos	Hernandez, Osvaldo, Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime, Sanchez, Carlos (2021): Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. ZooKeys 1017: 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619
034057AD1509558C8B9F55DF48A7F3EB.text	034057AD1509558C8B9F55DF48A7F3EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptogorgia martirensis Hernández & Gómez-Gutiérrez & Sánchez 2021	<div><p>Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. Figures 1, 4, 5, 8C, D</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. NMNH-1638556: dry, Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Mártir Island, Sonora, Mexico (28°22.297'N, - 112°19.040'W), 1 m depth, 16 July 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez . Paratypes. NMNH-1638557: dry, Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Mártir Island, Sonora, Mexico (28°22.297'N, - 112°19.040'W), 1 m depth, 16 July 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez; NMNH-1638558: dry, Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Mártir Island, Sonora, Mexico (28°22.297'N, - 112°19.040'W), 1 m depth, July 16, 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez; NMNH-1638559: San Pedro Mártir Island, Sonora, Mexico (28°22.818'N, - 112°18.4422'W), 20 m depth, 16 July 2010, collector Carlos Sánchez .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Mártir Island, Sonora, Mexico is one of the furthest offshore islands in the Gulf of California (part of midriff islands at the upper Gulf) where volcanic rocky reefs predominate. San Pedro Mártir Island is a UNESCO "Islas del Golfo de California" Biosphere Reserve (Fig. 1).</p><p>Holotype colony description.</p><p>A yellow colony with bushy and dense growth with multiple and irregular brownish lines (Fig. 4A). The colony is 6.1 cm in length and 8.1 cm in width. The holdfast is irregular, 14 mm × 11 mm from which the short main stem rises (2 mm length, 4 mm diameter). The colony has four main branches up to 11 mm length and 3 mm diameter. The main branches subdivide into multiple secondary branches (up to 31 mm length, 2 mm diameter). Terminal twigs are flat and short (12 mm length, 2 mm width) with acute ends. The general pattern of upward ramification is lateral at 45° angle. Polyp mounds are oval and prominent, forming one or two rows at each side of the branches with 0.5 mm height, 2 mm length, and 1 mm width with elongated calyces. The colony has several specimens of unidentified dried ophiuroids (&lt;2 mm oral disc diameter) attached to the branches (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Holotype sclerites.</p><p>The coenenchymal sclerites are exclusively capstans (Figs 4B, 5A). There is no evidence of other types of sclerites being present in any other section of the colony. The capstans reach 0.05 mm long and 0.03 mm wide (Fig. 5A), their color is pale yellow, pink, red or bicolor yellow-red, but the predominant color is pale yellow (90%). The anthocodial sclerites are lobed rods with acute or blunt ends up to 0.1 mm length and 0.03 mm width in the center (Fig. 5B, C). They are bicolor white-red, red, orange or white. The red chromotype is predominant (70% of observed colonies) (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Morphological variations.</p><p>Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. colonies show three chromotypes: purple, yellow and brown (Figs 4A, 8C, D). The colony color depends on the proportion of the dominant color of the coenenchymal sclerites, but in a few cases the colonies show a brown chromotype when the color proportion of sclerites is approximately 50% purple and 50% yellow.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The colony growth, size and polyp mounds of Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. are similar to those of Leptogorgia aequatorialis Bielschowsky, 1929, Leptogorgia obscura and Leptogorgia parva . However, these three species each have only one chromotype (purple, pink, and orange, respectively), and all these species have spindles in their coenenchyme up to 0.1 mm length, while L. martirensis sp. nov. has three chromotypes and no spindles in the coenenchyme.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>The micro-endemic Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. is only recorded in rocky shallow waters (up to 10 m depth), and low abundance, at San Pedro Mártir and San Esteban Islands, Sonora. The islands are located in the northern Gulf of California (as part of the Cortez Province according to Brusca and Wallerstein 1979, Hasting 2000), and are the most isolated islands in the gulf (Fig. 1). The Cortez Province is associated with the lowest winter sea superficial temperature (SST 15 °C), the widest annual range of SST (15-30 °C), high marine productivity, and harbor a unique macroinvertebrate community, dominated by endemic octocorals of the genus Muricea (Ulate et al. 2016). Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. shares its habitat with Muricea austera Verrill, 1869, Muricea plantaginea (Valenciennes, 1846), Muricea spp., Psammogorgia teres Verrill, 1868, and Eugorgia excelsa Verrill, 1868.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. takes its name from the collection site San Pedro Mártir Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/034057AD1509558C8B9F55DF48A7F3EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hernandez, Osvaldo;Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime;Sanchez, Carlos	Hernandez, Osvaldo, Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime, Sanchez, Carlos (2021): Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. ZooKeys 1017: 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619
