taxonID	type	description	language	source
5E7B2C4C0C24DD1AE552073BE8168C06.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Axonopus graniticola is distinguished from all other species of the Axonopus ser. Suffulti by its mostly caulinar leaves, distichous laterally compressed leaf sheaths, 1.5 - 2.5 cm wide leaf blades, deciduous with a subcordate base, and multi-racemose inflorescences of 26 - 75 racemes, with the basal ones re-branched.	en	Viana, Pedro Lage, Paula, Luiza Fonseca Amorim de (2013): Axonopus graniticola, a new species of A. ser. Suffulti (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. PhytoKeys 21: 7-16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157
5E7B2C4C0C24DD1AE552073BE8168C06.taxon	description	Description. Plants perennial, densely caespitose, with very short falciform rhizomes. Culms 95 - 125 cm long, erect to decumbent, slightly curved at the base, not geniculate, unbranched; nodes various, hidden by leaf sheaths, glabrous; internodes 5 - 8.5 mm wide, cylindrical to slightly flattened, glabrous, stramineous. Leaves distichous, mostly caulinar; leaf sheaths 5.5 - 32 cm long, larger than the internodes, conduplicate, strongly keeled, striate, scabrous, glabrescent, persistent; ligule 0.15 - 0,20 mm long or absent, ciliate, apparently deciduous, because it is usually absent in older leaves; collar prominent, glabrous; leaf blades (4.5) 12 - 32 x 1.5 - 2.5 cm, oblong to linear, lanceolate, flat, retrosely scabrous abaxially, antrorselly scabrous adaxially, eventually with sparse hairs on abaxial or adaxial surfaces, deciduous, nerves prominent, margins scabrous, base rounded, subcordate, arising from a constriction of 1 - 2 mm long in each margin of the ligular region, apex obtuse, asymmetrical, emarginate, slightly folding, reflexed, scabrous. Inflorescences 2 per flowering culm, terminal and axillary; peduncle up to 55 cm long, partially included in the leaf sheaths, cylindrical to angulose, striate, scabrous; pulvinulus pubescent; main axis 8 - 16.5 x 0.05 - 0.14 cm, angulose, striate, scabrous; panicles 12 - 26 cm long, in dense clusters of alternate to verticillate racemes, the lower branches re-branching in 5 - 18 racemes; racemes (4 -) 9 - 16.5 cm long, the apical ones slightly shorter than the basal, 26 - 75 per panicle; rachis of racemes triquetous, fertile all along, except for the 1 - 4.5 mm basal portion length, ending in a fertile spikelet, (5) 10 - 15 spikelets per portion of 25 mm long, pubescent, scabrous in the angles; pedicels 0.25 - 0.5 mm long, scaberulous, sometimes with a few hyaline tuberculate trichomes to 0.8 - 1.5 mm long. Spikelets 1.8 - 2.0 x 0.6 - 0.8 mm, oblong-ellipsoid, dorsiventrally compressed, apex acute; upper glume as long as the spikelet, elliptical, membranous, glabrous or with sparse trichomes, hyaline to stramineous, 2 - 4 (- 5) - nerved, nerves prominent, scaberulous in the apex, mid-nerve occasionally present; lower lemma glumiform, 2 (- 3) - nerved, nerves glabrous; upper lemma 1.8 - 2.0 x 0.8 - 0.9 mm, elliptical, stiff, glabrous, except for a discrete tuft of short white hairs at the apex, densely ornamented by diminute papillae, fading in den sity toward the margins, shiny brown to dark brown, apex acute, brown to pale, base brown to pale; upper palea similar to the upper lemma but slightly shorter, 1.7 - 1.9 x 0.6 - 0.8 mm, glabrous. Lodicules 0.2 - 0.3 mm long, 2, oblong, erose; stamens 3, anthers ca. 0.8 mm, dorsifixed, purplish; stigmas plumose, whitish. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Viana, Pedro Lage, Paula, Luiza Fonseca Amorim de (2013): Axonopus graniticola, a new species of A. ser. Suffulti (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. PhytoKeys 21: 7-16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157
5E7B2C4C0C24DD1AE552073BE8168C06.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet refers to the occurrence of the plants of this species on exposed granite rock outcrops.	en	Viana, Pedro Lage, Paula, Luiza Fonseca Amorim de (2013): Axonopus graniticola, a new species of A. ser. Suffulti (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. PhytoKeys 21: 7-16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157
5E7B2C4C0C24DD1AE552073BE8168C06.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The new species is known only from its type locality, an inselberg in the municipality of Teofilo Otoni, eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. It occurs on granitic and gneissic rock outcrops, surrounded by the Atlantic Forest matrix (Veloso et al. 1991), at elevations around 600 m. The species is found in depressions filled with thin soil, forming dense clumps, surrounded by rocky surface. During the rainy season, the profuse growth of new leaves with conspicuous flat and wide blades gives a vivid green color to the clumps (Figure 3 A), in contrast with the pale brown, almost bladeless, clumps observed during the dry season (Figure 3 C). The persistent leaf sheaths covering the culms and the readily deciduous leaf blades may be adaptations to avoid desiccation during the dry season and serve as protection against high temperatures of this extremely seasonal environment. These features are described for other species among monocots families, like Velloziaceae and Cyperaceae, which are usually known as desiccation-tolerant plants (Porembski 2007, Porembski and Barthlott 2000). The vegetation of the inselberg is influenced by the soil (Porembski et al. 1998, Porembski 2007), and its flora is predominantly xeromorphic. Adaptations to drought and high insolation are common for the species from the type locality of Axonopus graniticola. Desiccation tolerance is found in other plant groups that occur in this area, as in some ferns and allies (Sellaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring, Sellaginella sellowii Hieron., Cheilanthes geraniifolia (Weath.) R. M. Tryon & A. F. Tryon) and in Angiosperms, such as Cyperaceae (Trilepis lhotzkiana (Nees) ex Arn.), and Velloziaceae (Barbacenia spp., Vellozia spp.). Succulence occurs in Cactaceae (Coleocephalocerus buxbaumianus Buining, Pilosocereus brasiliensis (Britton & Rose) Backeb.), Bromeliaceae (Encholirium gracile L. B. Sm.), Orchidaceae (Cyrtopodium glutiniferum Raddi, Encyclia spiritusanctensis L. C. Menezes), and in some Piperaceae (Peperomia spp.). Leaf deciduousness is also an adaptation in Wunderlichia azulensis Maguire & G. M. Barroso (Asteraceae) and Tabebuia reticulata A. H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae).	en	Viana, Pedro Lage, Paula, Luiza Fonseca Amorim de (2013): Axonopus graniticola, a new species of A. ser. Suffulti (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. PhytoKeys 21: 7-16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157
5E7B2C4C0C24DD1AE552073BE8168C06.taxon	conservation	Conservation. The species is known so far from a single granite-gneiss outcrop in the Teofilo Otoni region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Due to the poor state of knowledge of the flora from that region (Martinelli 2007), more field efforts are required to clarify the distributional range of this species. In accordance with the IUCN (2001) guidelines, the species should be evaluated as Data Deficient. Although it was not possible to assess the precise conservation status of the species, it is important to note that the vegetation of the inselbergs are under threat due to the ever increasing granite and gem exploration, road-building, grazing and illegal plant collection in southeastern Brazil's inselbergs (Safford and Martinelli 2000). To fill the gap of information in this diverse and poorly studied area, and therefore provide guidelines for the conservation of the flora in the region, taking into account that rock outcrops support a large number of endemics (Porembski 2007), a broader study of the flora of the Teofilo Otoni inselbergs is urgently needed.	en	Viana, Pedro Lage, Paula, Luiza Fonseca Amorim de (2013): Axonopus graniticola, a new species of A. ser. Suffulti (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. PhytoKeys 21: 7-16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.21.4157
