identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DB0F87E19114F11BA7D3FD8A7ED7780C.text	DB0F87E19114F11BA7D3FD8A7ED7780C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion puella : </p>
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                  ♂ (Figs 2k, 3k, 4k), Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.73/lat 52.13)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.13">Zinachurinskiy District</a>
                 , a small roadside oxbow lake 0.7 km E of Verkhniy Sarabil’ village, 183–185 m a.s.l., 52.13 N, 46.73 E, 5.07.2021  ;   ♀ (Fig. 7h), Russia, Chelyabinsk Province, Nagaybakskiy District, small oxbow lakes at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 59.73/lat 53.68)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=59.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.68">Gumbeyka River</a>
                 left bank at Ostrolenskiy Settlement SE margin, 53.68 N, 59.73 E, 361–363 m a.s.l., 6.07.2021  ;   ♂, Russia, Novosibirsk Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.05/lat 54.87)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.87">Maloe</a>
                 oxbow lake between Nizhnyaya El’tsovka and Pravye Chyomy Estates, 54.87 N, 73.05 E, 96–97 m a.s.l., 28.07.2019  ;   5 ♂♂ (Figs 2d, 3d, 5g), 3 ♀♀ (Fig. 7b), Georgia, Shida Kartli, Oni Municipality, Dzau District, 4 km NNE Kvaisa,  Lake Koz (Kvedi), 1580 m a.s.l., 28− 30.06.2021, A. Streltsov, P.  Ustjuzhanin &amp; R. Yakovlev leg.  ;   6 ♂♂, Georgia, Shida Kartli,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.515/lat 42.146)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.515&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.146">Leningor District</a>
                 , 4 km E Leningor, 42º08′45′′N, 44º30′55′′E / 42.146 N, 44.515 E, 1200 m, 26− 27.06.2021, A. Streltsov, P. Ustjuzhanin &amp; R. Yakovlev leg.  Many other specimens from Bashkortostan and Chelyabinsk Province (  South Ural ) and the eastern part of  Novosibirsk Province (  West Siberia ) were also examined. 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19114F11BA7D3FD8A7ED7780C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19114F11BA7D3FFB2781D79C8.text	DB0F87E19114F11BA7D3FFB2781D79C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden 1825)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion pulchellum : </p>
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                  Russia, ♂, Republic of Bashkortostan: Uchaly District, 2 km SW Muldashevo village, old quarries at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 59.824/lat 59.771)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=59.824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.771">Nizhniy Iremel’ River</a>
                 upper reaches, 54.819 –46.824° N, 59.771– 59.824° E, 403–408 m a.s.l., 10.07.2021;   ♀, Russia, Novosibirsk Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.05/lat 54.87)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.87">Maloe</a>
                 oxbow lake between Nizhnyaya El’tsovka and Pravye Chyomy Estates, 54.87° N, 73.05° E, 96–97 m a.s.l., 2.07.2017;  ♂, the same place, 28.07.2019. Many other specimens from the eastern part of Novosibirsk Province were also examined. 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19114F11BA7D3FFB2781D79C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19117F118A7D3F9B97E6D7D76.text	DB0F87E19117F118A7D3F9B97E6D7D76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion persicum Lohmann 1983	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion persicum Lohmann, 1983 (see Kosterin &amp; Ahmadi 2018): </p>
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                  ♂, Iran, Markazi Ostan, Tafresh Shakhrestan, Tafresh City env.,  Shilanevar valley , the lower pond, 34.6608–6654° N 50.0323–0402° E, 2036–2077 m a.s.l., 29.05.2017  ;   ♀ (‘dark’ morph), Iran, Markazi Ostan,  Arak Shakhtrestan , Lake Kavir-e Meighan S bank, a rush swamp, 34.1530–1536° N 49.8112–8131° E, 1657–1659 m a.s.l., 30.05.2017  ;   2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (3 ‘blue morph’, 1 ‘dark morph’) (Fig. 7j), Iran, Markazi Ostan, Shazand Shakhrestan, the Garehchay River at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.3657/lat 49.3627)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.3657&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.3627">Gavigodar village</a>
                 , 34.1078 –34.1111° N 49.3627– 49.3657° E, 1803–1805 m a.s.l., 19.05.2017  ;   ♂, ♀ (‘dark morph), Iran, Markazi Ostan, Shazand Shakhrestan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.3618/lat 49.3606)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.3618&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.3606">Bolagh</a>
                 spring, 33.9875–9880° N 49.3606 – 49.3618° E, 1853– 1861 m a.s.l., 20.05.2017  ;   ♂, Iran, Markazi Ostan, Shazand Shakhrestan, Astaneh Town env.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.3434/lat 49.343)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.3434&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.343">Kaedan Chashmah</a>
                 spring, 33.9175 –33.9177° N 49.3430– 49.3434° E, 2158 m a.s.l., 20.05.2017  ;   ♂ (Figs 2n, 3n, 4l, 5a), Iran, Markazi Ostan, Shazand Shakhrestan,  Emarat village env., a spring and swampy reservoir, 33.8637–8667° N 49.5775–5795° E, 1995–2001 m a.s.l., 20.05.2017  ;   ♂, Iran, Markazi Ostan, Shazand Shakhrestan, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.2198/lat 49.2178)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.2198&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.2178">Hendudar River</a>
                 , 1.8 km SW of Hendudar village, 33.7628 –33.7665° N 49.2178– 49.2198° E, 1993–1997 m a.s.l., 20.05.2017  ;  2 ♂♂, ♀ (‘blue morph’, Iran, Lorestan Ostan, Borujerd Shakhrestan, Goldargilan village, 33.9611 –33.9654° N 48.7501– 48.7555° E, 1745–1781 m a.s.l., 25.05.2017;  ♂, ♀)’dark morph’), Iran, Lorestan Ostan, Borujerd Shakhrestan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.9402/lat 48.9398)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.9402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.9398">Hayan village</a>
                 env.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.9402/lat 48.9398)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.9402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.9398">Gavimir Chashmah</a>
                 sipring, 33.7908 –33.7920° N 48.9398– 48.9402° E, 1816–1829 m a.s.l., 25.05.2017 (O. Kosterin leg.)  . 
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            <p> Charlotte Hartong, the Curator of  Odonata collection in Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden (further on RMNH), kindly provided photographs of the male appendages of  C. syriacum . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19117F118A7D3F9B97E6D7D76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19119F10EA7D3FF1F7F207CEF.text	DB0F87E19119F10EA7D3FF1F7F207CEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion australocaspicum Dumont & Heidari 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Coenagrion australocaspicum Dumont &amp; Heidari, 1996</p>
            <p>Figs 2a–c, 3a–c, 4a–b, 5f, 6, 7a</p>
            <p> Reported (as  Coenagrion (  puella ) sp2) from: the Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary environs, Magaramkent District of Dagestan (Ilyina et al. 2022). </p>
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                 Specimens.   Republic of Dagestan: ♂, Babayurt District, the Terek River right bank at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.455/lat 43.612)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.612">Khamamatyurt village</a>
                 , 43.612 N, 46.455 E, 10 m a.s.l., 8.06.2023, E. Ilyina leg.  ;   ♂, Kumtorkala District, the Shura-Ozen’ River at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.246/lat 47.223)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.223">Kumtorkala Station</a>
                 , next to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.246/lat 47.223)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.223">Sarykum Barkhan</a>
                 , 42.997 –43.006 N, 47.223– 47.246 E, 65–80 m a.s.l., 3.05.2021, E. Ilyina leg.  ; ♂ (Figs 2c, 3c) (196433669, 196426386), the same place, 29.06.2021;   ♂ (teneral) (196427366),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.4452/lat 41.9048)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.4452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.9048">Derbent District</a>
                 , 3.5 km NE of Belidzhi village, thickets at a swamp, 41.9048 N, 48.4452 E, 16–18 m below s.l., 25.05.2023  ;   10 ♂♂ (Figs 2a–b, 3a–b, 4a–b, 5f), 3 ♀♀ (Fig. 7a) (196425390, 196425415, 196425436, 196425479 (Fig. 6g), 196425508, 196425543, 196425590, 196425634, 196425653, 196425691, 196425722, 196425755, 196425780, 196425808, 196425854, 196425868, 196425900), Magaramkent District, Samur Delta Forest, 2 km NW of Primorskiy village, environs of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.5592/lat 48.5539)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.5592&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.5539">Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary</a>
                 , a swampy overgrown estuary of a forest rivulet and a nearby forest road, 41.8619 –41.8650 N, 48.5539– 48.5592 E, 16 m below s.l., 24.06.2021  ; 8 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (196427413, 196427432, 196427528, 196427547 (Fig. 6h), 196427578, 196432921 (Fig. 6f); 196503424 (Fig. 6c )), the same place, 41.8634 – 41.8653 N, 48.5530 – 48.5563 E, 18–20 m below s.l., 26.05.2023; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (196430322 (Fig. 6i), 196430351, 196430424, 196430513, 196430593, 196430622 (Fig. 6d), 196430665, 196430702, 196430744, 196430788, 196430823, 196430891, 196431009, 196431069, 196431104, 196431208, 196431263, 196431305, 196431337, 196431381, 196433323 (Fig. 6a), 196431926, 196431963, 196432017, 196432083, 196432115, 196432155), the same place, 27.05.2023;   2 ♂♂, Magaramkent District, Samur Delta Forest, 3 km NW of Primorskiy village, environs of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.5674/lat 48.5494)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.5674&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.5494">Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary</a>
                 (broadly the same place as above), a coastal lake and nearby meadows, 41.8524 –41.8669 N, 48.5494– 48.5674 E, 2–29 m below s.l., 28.06.2022, E. Ilyina leg.  ;   14 ♂♂, ♀ (196432912, 196432913, 196432914, 196432915, 196432917 (Fig. 6b), 196432918, 196432920), Magaramkent District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.5382/lat 41.871)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.5382&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.871">Samur Delta forest</a>
                 , at the 700 years old plane tree, 41.8710 N, 48.5382 E, 15 m below s.l., 26.05.2023  . 
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            <p>
                 Additional photographic registrations.   Republic of Dagestan: ♂♂, ♀♀ (196426531, 196426558, 196426592, 196426638), Magaramkent District, Samur Delta Forest, 2 km NW of Primorskiy village, environs of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.5592/lat 48.5576)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.5592&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.5576">Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary</a>
                 , a swampy overgrown estuary of a forest rivulet, 41.8619 –41.8630 N, 48.5576– 48.5592 E, 16– 18 m below s.l., 24.06.2021  ; ♂♂, ♀♀ (196425929, 196425961, 196426001, 196426083, 196426117, 196426145, 196426182 (Fig. 6j), 196426298, 196426322, 196432235, 196432236, 196432237, 196432239, 196432240, 196432241, 196432243, 196432244, 196432245), the same place, 26.06.2021; ♂♂, ♀♀ (196431432, 196431467, 196431500, 196431519, 196431595, 196431732, 196431756, 196431799 (Fig. 6e )), the same place, 28.05.2023;   copula (196432247, Fig. 6k )), Magaramkent District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.558/lat 41.8668)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.8668">Samur Delta Forest</a>
                 , 3 km NW of Primorskiy village, the SE bank of a coastal lake, 41.8668 N, 48.558 E, 29 m below s.l., 26.06.2021  ;   ♂♂, ♀♀ (196427626, 196428813, 196428891, 196428956, 196428980, 196429008, 196429029, 196429061, 196429094, 196429172, 196429235, 196429278, 196429336, 196429394, 196429463, 196429541, 196429578, 196429724, 196429748), Magaramkent District,  Samur Delta Forest , 3.5 km NW of Primorskiy village, bushy meadows at the NW bank of a coastal lake, 41.8709–8755 N, 48.5409–5459 E, 20 m below s.l., 26.06.2021  . 
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            <p>Characters. Male cercus trunk in dorsal view (Fig. 2a–c) evenly thick, with a very gentle convection in place of bulge (so their bases do not touch each other), rather long. In lateral view (Fig. 3a–c) it is smoothly rounded, without an expressed apex. Tubercle in dorsal view (Fig. 2a–c) of the same width as trunk and looks like its continuation, rather elongate, in lateral view (Fig. 3a–c) always well seen, never hidden behind paraprocts. (It should be noted that the specimen shown in Figs 1 (left), 2b and 3b has dead with abnormally expanded cerci, while Figs 2a,c and 3a,c show their normal downward position. Nevertheless, the above described characters are well seen in Figs 2b and 3b as well.) Tooth small, normally not seen in dorsal view unless cerci are unusually expanded as in Fig. 2b, disposed at ca 3/4 of the trunk length. Process broadly triangular, somewhat hooked inside apically but rather blunt, reaching about the middle of the height of the paraproct base (Fig. 4a–b).</p>
            <p>Paraproct spine very long, directed strictly caudad in lateral view (Fig. 3a–c) where is ca 5/6 as long as S10 (as measured along the line of its dorsal side); spines diverging and slightly hooked in at tips dorsal view. Prominence weakly expressed as resembling a rounded right angle, incision between spine and prominense not expressed. S 10 in caudal view looks more flattened above (Fig. 4a–b) as compared to other species.</p>
            <p>Male pronotum hind margin almost straight, with negligible, very shallow lateral depressions and a very slight median incision (Fig. 5f).</p>
            <p> Male abdomen is somewhat relatively longer than in  C. puella , coloured as in that species but S9 blue with (Fig. 6a, 6c) or without (Fig. 6b) a pair of black dots or (rarely) black triangular marks (Fig. 6c), but never with a posterior black bar. S10 black dorsally and blue laterally. </p>
            <p>Female pronotum hind lobe margin almost straight when seen flat, perpendicularly to its surface, that is anteriodorsally with respect to the insect body axis, (Fig. 7a, below), but is slightly wavy as can be seen in the dorsal view with respect to the insect body axis (Fig. 7a, above).</p>
            <p> As usual in the genus, females are polymorphic for the coloration pattern. Most frequent is the dark morph which resembles the corresponding morph in  C. puella , with most of the abdomen dorsum black, with only expression of pale rings at S8–10 varying to complete disappearance (Fig. 6d–e). Less frequent is a spotty morph, also paralleled by the analogous morph of  C. puella , with anterior parts of most abdominal segments pale (Fig. 6f–h). However, in these morphs, the pale ground colour occupies a larger area on S8 than in  C. puella , varying from a large bipartite anterior pale spots (Fig. 6f–j) to, rather infrequently, S8 being pale with a black streak (Fig. 6h), often of the horseshoe shape—this version resembles females of rather  C. pulchellum than  C. puella . The extreme version of the spotty morph are extra-pale females the maculation of which rather resembles males of Enallahma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840): with a black arrowhead mark on S2, black spots in the posterior parts of S2–7, producing one to three processes in the anterior direction, a paired black mark on S8 and S9–10 black at dorsum (Fig. 6i). The ground pale colour varies (Fig. 6d–i), at least in part with age, from pale greyish (Fig. 6h), sometime pale orange, to blue (Fig. 6e, g), often this is grey but with the anteriodorsal part of the abdominal segments blue (Fig. 6i). However, in mature blue females, the antehumeral stripes are usually green, as well as the eye lower part (Fig. 6e, g, j–k). </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat. Found in the Russian Caucasus only in Dagestan, in the coastal plains of both southern (Samur Delta Forest) and northern (Khamamatyurt) Dagestan and in the foothills near the famous Sarykum Barkhan (the Shura-Ozen’ River). However, the Khamamatyurt locality is situated at the right bank of the Terek River which serves there as the border with Chechen Republic, where the species certainly occurs as well. The latter is the northermost known locality of this species in the world, of 43.6 N. Beyond Russia, the species is known to occur along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran and in the coastal Lankoran and Kachmaz Districts of Azerbaijan (Dumont &amp; Heidari 1996; Dumont 2004; Boudot et al. 2021; Snegovaya 2024). In the latter district it was near Şollar (Dumont 2004) and Narban (Snegovaya 2024) villages, the latter being situated near the Russian border, just 12 km south-east from our closest findings of this species in Samur Delta Forest.</p>
            <p> These damselflies were invariably found near slow flowing overgrown brooks. They often concentrate at forest roads and margins (and also around an old plane tree surrounded by a meadow in dozen metres apart from water). A very abundant population was found in the Samur Delta Forest, composed of tall oak and hornbeam trees woven with many lianas, which grow, below the conventional sea level at the Caspian Sea coast, in the semidesert zone because the delta of the large Samur River forms a number of fast and cold arms locally called ‘Karasu’. In that forest, this species seems to nearly segregate with the visually very similar  C. puella , with just one specimen of  C. puella found (on 26.05.2023) among dozens of  C. australocaspicum at the Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary, and none among numerous representatives of  C. australocaspicum at the famous old plane tree, while only  C. puella was present at a brook in Bil’-Bil’ Kazmalyar village just 5 km SSE of the Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19119F10EA7D3FF1F7F207CEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19101F10DA7D3FBDE78C47FCF.text	DB0F87E19101F10DA7D3FBDE78C47FCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>Fig. 2d–k, 3d–k, 4g –k, 5g –l, 7b–g, 8a–d</p>
            <p> Reported from: throughout the Russian part of the Caucasus, but precise reports from Kabardino-Balkaria were missing while even generalised reports from Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan were scarce, as summarised by Skvortsov (2010); seven localities in Adygea Republic (Shapovalov &amp; Korotkov 2019); reported as  Coenagrion (  puella ) sp1 from Bil’-bil’ Kazmalyar village in Magaramkent District of Dagestan (Ilyina et al. 2022). At the Khmelevskie Lakes in Krasnodarskiy Kray reported up to 1,875 m a.s.l. (Bartenef 1930, for more detail of the locality see Kosterin 2023). </p>
            <p>
                 Specimens.   Karachay-Cherkes Republic: 5 ♂♂ (Figs 2k, 3k, 4j) (37681170, 109341320), 4 ♀♀ (Fig. 7g), Karachay-Cherkes Republic, Zelenchuk District, 10 km WSW of Arkhyz,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.157/lat 41.156)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.157&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.156">Lunnaya Polyana</a>
                 terrain, shallow, sedgy and reedy pools in the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.157/lat 41.156)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.157&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.156">Dukka River valley</a>
                 left side, 43.551 –43.554 N, 41.156– 41.157 E, 1695–1715 m a.s.l., 2.07.2019  ;   2 ♂♂, Zelenchuk District, 7 km SW of Nizhniy Arkhyz, Lake Taza-Kel’ (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.394/lat 41.39)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.39">Forelevoe</a>
                 ) at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.394/lat 41.39)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.39">Bol’shoy Zelenchuk River</a>
                 left bank, 43.633 -43.635 N, 41.390– 41.394 E, 1260–1267 m a.s.l., 3.07.2019  ;   5 ♀♀, Zelenchuk District, Dausuz village W environs, S banks of a large water reserve at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.54/lat 41.536)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.54&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.536">Bol’shoy Zelenchuk River</a>
                 , 43.793 – 43.796 N, 41.536– 41.540 E, 1012–1014 m a.s.l., 3.07.2019  ;   3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Khabez District, Inzhichishkho village N margin, big ponds and the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.724/lat 41.714)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.714">Zelenchuk River</a>
                 right bank, 44.211 –44.219 N, 41.714– 41.724 E, 578–582 m a.s.l., 6.07.2019  ;   Karachaevsk Municipality, Teberda Town,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.744/lat 41.743)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.744&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.743">Lake Kara-Kel’</a>
                 , 43.436 –43.438 N, 41.743– 41.744 E, 1340 m a.s.l., 7.07.2019  ;   2 ♀♀, Skalistyy Mountain Range, Malokarachaevsk District, 6 km SW of Tereze village, pools with cattail at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.386/lat 43.9)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.9">Podkumok River</a>
                 right bank, 43.899 –43.900 N, 42.386 E, 1144–1146 m a.s.l., 9.07.2019  ,   2 ♂♂, Karachay-Cherkes Republic, Malokarachaevsk District,  Uchkeken village E environs, a chain of ponds, 43.934–948 N, 42.564–570 E, 887-923 m a.s.l., 9.07.2019  .   Republic of Dagestan: ♂ (165562658), Kumtorkala District, the Shura-Ozen’ River at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.2201/lat 42.9963)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.2201&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.9963">Kumtorkala Station</a>
                 , next to Sarykum Barkhan, 42.9963 N, 47.2201 E, 65 m a.s.l., 31.05.2023  ;   2 ♂♂ (Figs 2i, 3i, 5k), Buynaksk District, Buynaksk S suburbs,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.14/lat 47.135)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.135">Nizhnee Kazanishche village</a>
                 environs, the Orta Kopyur Reservoir, 42.782 –42.785 N, 47.135– 47.140 E, 512 m a.s.l., 2020 (no exact date), A. Tatamov leg.  ;   7 ♂♂, ♀ (178696752 (Fig. 8a), 178696754, 178696758, 180156664, 180156771, 180156920, 180157200, 180157630, 180158795, 180159019, 180159369, 180159581, 180159721, 180160108), Buynaksk District, Buynaksk S environs, Verkhnee Kazanishche village environs, a swampy, reedy brook on a gentle left slope of the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.1169/lat 47.1157)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.1169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.1157">Akpeozen’ River valley</a>
                 , 42.7982 –42.7992 N, 47.1157– 47.1169 E, 487–488 m a.s.l., 29.05.2023  ;   ♂, Kazbekovskiy District, 3.5 km ENE of Dylym village,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.678/lat 46.6758)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6758">Lake Gorendzhikor</a>
                 , 43.0607 –43.0620 N, 46.6758– 46.6780 E, 730–732 m a.s.l., 22.06.2022, E. Ilyina leg  .;   ♂ (177991051), Tsumadinskiy District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.0162/lat 42.5702)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.0162&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.5702">Lake Bezdonnoe</a>
                 , 42.5702 N, 46.0162 E, 2500 m a.s.l., 5.08.2023, O. Kosterin &amp; E. Ilyina leg  .;   ♂, Khunzakh District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.524/lat 42.428)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.524&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.428">Lake Mochokh</a>
                 , 42.428 N, 46.524 E, 1633 m a.s.l., 8.07.2023, E. Ilyina leg  .;   ♀ (Fig. 7c), Sergokala District, 3 km SW of Myurego village, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.6726/lat 47.6703)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.6726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6703">Inchkheozen’ River</a>
                 upper valley, 42.3738 –42.3824 N, 47.6703– 47.6726 E, 617–685 m a.s.l., 19.06.2021  ;   8 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀ (167302377, 167302379 (Fig. 8d), 181376402, 186507300, 186507352, 186507391, 186507670, 186507476, 186507776. 186508006, 186508614, 186508660, 186508720, 186508895),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.0328/lat 47.0307)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.0328&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0307">Gergebil’ District</a>
                 , at Gergebil’ Water Reservoir right bank and a brook lowermost reaches including a reed swamp, 42.4496 –42.4500 N 47.0307– 47.0328 E, 799–820 m a.s.l., 24.05.2023  ; 3 ♂♂, the same place, 10.06.2023, E. Ilyina leg.;   9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (178695639, 178695641, 178695642 (Fig. 8c), 178695645, 178695647, 178695648, 178695649, 178695652, 180231199, 180231269, 180231312, 180644296, 180950215, 180952129, 180952298), Tabasaran District, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.2411/lat 48.2397)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.2411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.2397">Rubas River valley</a>
                 2.5 km NE of Sirtych village, a swampy Dzharag-Khyan Spring, 41.8490 –41.8523 N, 48.2397– 48.2411 E, 103–105 m a.s.l., 28.05.2023  ;   ♂ (186593146),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.4462/lat 41.9044)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.4462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.9044">Derbent District</a>
                 , 3.5 km NE of Belidzhi village, a rush swamp, 41.9044 N, 48.4462 E, 18 m below s.l., 25.05.2023  ; 5 ♂♂ (Figs 2g–h. 3g–h, 4i) (196674245, 196674286, 196675373, 196675450, 196675488, 196675571, 196675621),   ♀, Magaramkent District, Samur Delta Forest,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.548/lat 48.547)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.547">Bil’- Bil’ Kazmalyar village</a>
                 , a brook and a pond, 41.818 –41.819 N, 48.547– 48.548 E, 21–22 m a.s.l., 25.06.2021, V. Onishko &amp; E. Ilyina leg  .; 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, the same place, 4.06.2022, E. Ilyina leg; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, the same place, 5.05.2023, E. Ilyina leg.; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (178693668, 178693670, 181380016, 182683558, 182683220, 182680584), the same place, 27.05.2023;   ♂ (178692671, 184532980), Magaramkent District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.5541/lat 41.8649)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.5541&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.8649">Samur Delta Forest</a>
                 , 2 km NW of Primorskiy village, environs of Samurskiy Zakaznik Stationary, a forest road, 41.8649 N, 48.5541 E, 19 m below s.l., 26.05.202316  ♂♂ (Figs 2e–f, 3e–f, 4g–h. 5 h-i),   6 ♀♀ (Fig. 7d–f) (196674331, 196674405, 196674452, 196674504, 196674584, 196674644, 196674682, 196674741, 196674839 (Fig. 8b), 196674969, 196675116, 196675169, 196675201), Rutul District, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.362/lat 47.358)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.358">Samur River</a>
                 left arm between Kufa and Kala villages, 41.569 –41.570 N, 47.358– 47.362 E, 1367–1373 m a.s.l., 26.06.2021  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Additional photographic registrations.   Krasnodarskiy Kray: 1 teneral ♂ (37681097), Novorossiysk Municipality,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.6023/lat 44.4782)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.6023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.4782">Bol’shye Khutora village</a>
                 centre, a pond, 44.4782 N, 37.6023 E, 29.04.2019  ; ♂ (37520657),   ♀ (37520692), Anapa Municipality, Sukko village E end, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.439/lat 37.437)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.437">Sukko River</a>
                 , 44.801 N, 37.437– 37.439 E, 7.06.2018  ;   1 ♂ (37520637), Anapa Municipality, Praskoveevka village, a pool by the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.217/lat 44.459)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.459">Dzhanhot River</a>
                 , 44.459 N, 38.217 E, 7.06.2018  .   Karachay-Cherkes Republic: a copula (109551771), Zelenchuk District, Dausuz village W environs, S banks of a large water reserve at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.5381/lat 43.7942)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.5381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.7942">Bol’shoy Zelenchuk River</a>
                 , 43.7942 N, 41.5381 E, 1014 m a.s.l., 4.07.2019  .  Kabardino-Balkarian Republic: 2 ♀♀ (37681248, 37681267), Mayskiy Town NE margin, an inundated quarry, 43.654 N, 44.100 E, 1.05.2019 ; ♂ (37681279), 2 ♀♀ (37681296, 37681331), the same place, 2.05.2019.   Republic of Dagestan: ♂ (186509269), Russia, Republic of Dagestan, Gergebil’ District, a pool on the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.9659/lat 42.5819)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.9659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.5819">River</a>
                 left floodplain 1 km S of Maydanskoe village, 42.5819 N 46.9659 E, 559 m a.s.l., 24.05.2023  ;   ♂, 2 ♀♀ (180153471, 180153628, 180648340), Tabasaran District, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.1991/lat 48.1974)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.1991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.1974">Rubas River valley</a>
                 just downstream of the reservoir 2 km WSW of Tinit village, 41.8240 -41.8244 N, 48.1974– 48.1991 E, 180 m a.s.l., 28.05.2023  ; ♂ (181379714), the same place, 27.05.2023;   3 ♀♀ (182684591, 182771795, 182771980), Magaramkent District, Samur Delta Forest, a forest brook at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.5458/lat 41.8075)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.5458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.8075">Bil’- Bil’ Kazmalyar village</a>
                 S margin, 41.8075 N, 48.5458 E, 21–22 m a.s.l., 27.05.2023  . 
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            <p> Characters. Male cercus trunk short and low, very gently rounded in lateral view, without expressed apex (Fig. 3d–k), slanting down so that tubercle is as a rule hidden behind paraproct. In dorsal view (Fig. 2d–k), trunk evenly broad, without bulge, cerci separated from each other as seen behind S10 margin and moderately divaricate; tubercle very broad and rounded. Tooth disposed almost at the level of trunk apex. Process narrower triangular than in  C. australocaspicum , slightly curved inside, also reaches about the middle of the height of the paraproct (Fig. 4g –k) </p>
            <p>Male paparoct spine variably directed slanting but more behind than up in lateral view, hooked inside at tips in dorsal view (Fig. 2d–k), thick in lateral view (Fig. 3d–k), so that incision between it and prominence is weakly expressed more or less as a blunt angle. Prominence also not so well expressed, varying from bluntly rectangular to rounded. To illustrate inter- and intrapopulation variation for the paraproct shape and spine direction, eight specimens are shown in Figs 3d–k.</p>
            <p>Male pronotum hind margin forms three waves, with smooth, broad and shallow lateral depression and a broadly rounded, somewhat raised middle lobe. The subjective perception of the pronotum shape is strongly biased by the variable presence and shape of a blue streak along its hind margin (Fig. 5g –l), which may be interrupted at the depressions (Fig. 5k) or missing on the central lobe (Fig. 5h).</p>
            <p>Female pronotum hind lobe like in males but with ‘three waves’ more expressed as semicircular convections; again it is seen somewhat differently in the views perpendicular to the lobe surface (anteriodorsal with respect to the insect body axis, ‘flat view’), where it looks less sinuous, and to the main body axis, where it looks more wavy (Fig. 7b–h). The variable expression of its pale rim again produces an impression of variability in shape, as illustrated by three female specimens from the population of the Rutul River valley (Fig. 7d–f).</p>
            <p>The black marking of the male S9 varies from a posterior bar (most frequently, see Fig. 8a–d) to a pair of lateroposterior spots or two dots (not shown).</p>
            <p> The specimens from the population of the Rutul District of Dagestan have the paraproct spine somewhat narrower and longer in lateral view (Fig. 3e–f), but other Dagestanean males do not differ from those from elsewhere. Females from that population have somewhat deeper incisions on the pronotum hind margin but not so as in  C. ponticum (see below). These specimens leave an expression of being of a somewhat stouter built than  C. puella from elsewhere. </p>
            <p>Female polymorphism as elsewhere in Europe (Dijkstra et al. 2020) (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. A species widespread in the Caucasus, occurring in Dagestan from below the conventional sea level in the Samur Delta Forest to 2500 m above sea level at Lake Bezdonnoe on the Snegovoy Mountain Range (where just one individual was found). It is the only  Coenagrion species so far recorded in Inner Dagestan. This species was found co-occurring with five other  Coenagrion spp. : with  C. australocaspicum in the Samur Delta Forest (but see above) and Shura-Ozen’ River (Dagestan), with  C. pulchellum at Dausuz village (Karachay-Cherkes Republic) and the Shura-Ozen’ River (Dagestan), with  C. ornatum at Dausuz (Karachay-Cherkes Republic), Bil’-Bil’, Sirtych and Verkhnee Kazanishche (Dagestan) villages; with  C. scitulum at Lake Gorendzhikor and Belidzhi village (Dagestan). </p>
            <p> Coenagrion puella occurs both at lentic water bodies and slow, overgrown brooks, and even seemingly prefers water with some slow current in the Caucasus. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19101F10DA7D3FBDE78C47FCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19102F10AA7D3F8F47E277CEF.text	DB0F87E19102F10AA7D3F8F47E277CEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden 1825)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825)</p>
            <p>Figs 2o–p, 3o–p, 4e–f, 5b–c, 7j, 8e–m</p>
            <p>Reported from: throughout Krasnodarskiy Kray, Adygea and Kabardino-Balkaria; scarce unprecise reports from Stavropol’skiy Kray, Karachay-Cherkressia and North Ossetia; not reported from Chechnya and Dagestan, as summarised by Skvortsov (2010; for Adygea see also Shapovalov &amp; Korotkov 2019). Kamysh-Burun, for which the species was reported in the paper on dragonflies of Dagestan by Artobolevskij (1929), was in Dagestan in Artobolevskij’s time but presently is a part of Neftekumsk Town in Stavropol’skiy Kray.</p>
            <p>
                 Specimens.   Krasnodarskiy Kray: ♀ (dark morph), Anapa Municipality, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.262/lat 37.261)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.262&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.261">Dzhiga River</a>
                 lowermost reaches and mouth 1 km W of Suvorov-Cherkesskiy settlement, 45.060 –45.064 N, 37.261– 37.262 E, 0–1 m a.s.l. 24.06.2019  .   Karachay-Cherkes Republic : ♀, Zelenchuk District, Dausuz village W environs, S banks of a large water reserve at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.54/lat 41.536)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.54&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.536">Bolzhoy Zelenchuk River</a>
                 , 43.793 –43.796 N, 41.536– 41.540 E, 1012–1014 m a.s.l., 3.07.2019  .   Republic of Dagestan: ♂ (176989333, 181375745 (Fig. 8m)—both refer to the only male specimen collected), Kumtorkala District, the Shura-Ozen’ River at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.246/lat 47.223)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.223">Kumtorkala Station</a>
                 , next to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.246/lat 47.223)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.223">Sarykum Barkhan</a>
                 , 42.997 –43.006 N, 47.223– 47.246 E, 65–80 m a.s.l., 30.05.2023  ;   ♂ (Figs 4f, 5b), ♀ (Fig. 7k), Makhachkala N env., Muraveynik Protected Area at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.497/lat 47.491)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.497&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.491">Sulak River</a>
                 mouth, pools among coastal dunes, 43.204 –43.211 N, 47.491– 47.497 E, 26 m below s.l., 1.06.2021, E. Ilyina leg.  ; ♀, the same place, 8.06.2021, E. Ilyina leg.;   4 ♂♂ (Figs 2o, 3o, 4e, 5c), 8 ♀♀ (166632124, 166725873, 166726404, 166726653 (Fig. 8k), 166727248, 166727929, 166728450 (Fig. 8f), 166728814, 166728940, 166733552, 166733553 (Fig.8l), 166733810, 166734141, 166734669 (Fig. 8g), 166734952, 166735309, 166735310, 166737122, 166832245, 166835373, 167024132, 167024135), Makhachkala N suburbs, pools between dunes at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.49/lat 47.486)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.486">Krivaya Balka River</a>
                 left bank in its lowermost reaches, 43.199 –43.200 N, 47.486– 47.490 E, 26 m below s.l., 23.05.2023, O. Kosterin &amp; E. Ilyina leg.  ; ♂, ♀ (176988555, 176988662, 176988774, 176988928, 176989100, 176989203, 178699404 (Fig. 8e), 178699406 (Fig. 8j), 178699407 (Fig. 8h), 178699412, 181376006, 181376072, 181381216, 181381373), the same place but a broader longitude range of 47.486 – 47.493 E,, 30.05.2023. 
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            <p>
                 Additional photographic registrations. Krasnodarskiy Kray:   ♀ (dark morph) (37520705), Anapa Municipality,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.439/lat 44.8)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.8">Sukko village</a>
                 E end, the Sukko River, 44.800 N, 37.439 E, 1.06.2018  . Kabardino-Balkarian Republic:   ♂ (37681836),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.1/lat 43.654)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.654">Mayskiy Town</a>
                 NE margin, an inundated quarry, 43.654 N, 44.100 E, 1.05.2019  . 
            </p>
            <p> Characters. Male cercus large: trunk very robust, in lateral view (Fig. 3o–q) with horizontal to subhorizontal upper surface and apex processed and terminated as an acute angle, but with a rounded tip; in dorsal view (Fig. 2o–q) rounded with a very large bulge as a blunt rounded angle, with bulges of the opposite cerci contacting each other. Tubercle disposed right below trunk apex, well seen in lateral view (Fig. 3o–q) and protruding behind to the level of paraproct spine. Tooth disposed at ca 2/3 of trunk length (Fig. 2o–q) (while almost at middle in  C. persicum , see Fig. 2n). Process long and straight, seen only in caudal view (Fig. 4e–f), very narrowly triangular with a blunt apex; terminating at paraproct prominence level. </p>
            <p> Paparoct spine very thin, directed a bit more than 45° upwards, prominence long, protruding caudad not much less than spine, incision between them very deep and broad (Fig. 3o–q), broader than in  C. persicum , in which the prominence is directed caudad (Fig. 3n) rather than ventrocaudad as in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 30o–q); the same difference is shown in Schneider et al. (2016: fig. 2). </p>
            <p>Male pronotum hind margin tripartite, with the three lobes separated by two deep depressions (Fig. 5b–c).</p>
            <p> Female pronotum festoon-like, with three sharp lobes, a rounded triangular central and two broadly rounded lateral ones, separated by deep narrow skewed triangular depressions (Fig. 7j), the latter not as sinuous as in  C. persicum (Fig. 7i, see also Schneider et al. 2016). </p>
            <p> The Caucasian males of  C. pulchellum represent more melanic versions of the maculation pattern of this very variable species (Fig. 8j–m), like specimens from West Siberia which were once described as  C. pulchellum sibiricum Belyshev, 1964 (Belyshev 1964). In males, the antehumeral blue stripe is entire (Fig. 8j–k) or, more frequently, interrupted (Fig. 8l). In the most melanic specimen from the Shura-Ozen’ River it is reduced to tiny blue dots in the fore synthorax part (Fig. 8m). Male S9 with a posterior variable black bar, entire (Fig. 8l–m) or more or less bipartite (Fig. 8k); S10 dorsally mostly black. </p>
            <p>Female dimorphic for the dark (Fig. 8f) and spotty (Fig. 8e–h, g) morphs as elsewhere in Europe (Dijkstra et al. 2020) but in both morphs, S8 is always blue (Fig. 8h) or largely blue (Fig. 8e, f–g), with some bipartite (Fig. 8e–g) or paired black (Fig. 8f) mark(s) at most. We never met females with completely dark S8 dorsum, as depicted for both female morphs of this species by Dijkstra et al. (2020).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. The species is seemingly widespread but rare in the Caucasus at low elevations, always found by solitary individuals with a notable exception of huge populations existing at pools between coastal sandy dunes in the northern environs of Makhachkala, the capital of Dagestan. In the latter locality, the only congener,  C. scitulum was also found as solitary individuals. Maybe more large coastal populations of  C. pulchellum exist elsewhere, as the Azov and Caspian coasts of the Caucasus remain poorly explored. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19102F10AA7D3F8F47E277CEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19105F108A7D3FBDE78C67F5B.text	DB0F87E19105F108A7D3FBDE78C67F5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion ponticum (Bartenef 1929)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Coenagrion ponticum (Bartenef, 1929)</p>
            <p>Figs 2l–m, 3l–m, 4c–d, 5d–e, 7h, 9</p>
            <p> Reported (as  Agrion ponticum sp. n. ) from: just three locations in Krasnodarskiy Kray: the environs of Sochy (five localities), Tuapse and Adler (one locality in each), all by the species’ author, A.N. Bartenev (Bartenef 1929; 1930; Skvortsov 2010). </p>
            <p>
                 Specimens.   Krasnodarskiy Kray: 22 ♂♂ (Figs 2l–m, 3l–m, 4c–d, 5d–e) (108924869, 108924870, 108924871 (Fig. 9a), 37680876 (Fig. 9b), 37680891), 3 ♀♀ (Fig. 7h),  Goryachiy Klyuch Municipality , Fanagoriyskoe village NW environs, ponds, 44.515–516 N, 39.108–109 E, 101–102 m a.s.l., 27.06.2019  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.058/lat 39.055)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.055">Goryachiy Klyuch Municipality</a>
                 , the Chepsi River banks 6.5–7 km SW of Fanagoriyskoe village, 44.464 –44.469 N, 39.055– 39.058 E, 148–162 m a.s.l., 27.06.2019, V. Onishko &amp; O. Kosterin leg. 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Additional photographic registrations: Krasnodarskiy Kray:   1 teneral ♀ (37681071 (Fig. 9c )),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.109/lat 39.108)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.108">Goryachiy Klyuch Municipality</a>
                 , Fanagoriyskoe village NW environs, ponds, 44.515 –44.516 N, 39.108– 39.109 E, 101–102 m a.s.l., 27.04.2019  ;   1 teneral ♂ (37681035), the same place, 28.04.2019; 4 ♂♂ (37680916, 37680932, 37680994, 37681023), the same place, 28.04.2019; 2 teneral ♀♀ (207535828, 207535790),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.129/lat 39.125)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.125">Goryachiy Klyuch Town</a>
                 centre, a pond, 44.638 N, 39.125- 39.129 E, 55 m a.s.l., 8.04.2024  ; 2 teneral ♂♂ (75178528, 75178636), 2 teneral ♀♀ (75178417, 75179228), the same place, 23.04.2021; 3 ♀♀ (75178494, 75178577, 75178395), the same place, 24.04.2021; 1 ♂ (108928403), the same place, 27.06.2019. 
            </p>
            <p> Characters. The male appendages resemble those of  C. pulchellum , with the following differences: </p>
            <p> Male cercus trunk much shorter and less processed, in lateral view (Fig. 3l–m) not raised, with slanting upper surface and blunter apex, so that tubercle is entirely seen in dorsal view (and is remarkably narrow); trunk in dorsal view (Fig. 2l–m) somewhat expanding posteriorly while of almost an even width in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 2o–q); prominence well expressed but broadly rounded, those of the two cerci also contact each other (see in dorsal view, Fig. 2l–m) as in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 2o–q). Process nearly straight as in  C. pulchellum but slenderer and somewhat shorter (Fig. 4c–d), slightly not reaching the level of the paraproct prominence. </p>
            <p> Male paraproct spine directed more behind than up and protrudes caudad much farer than tubercle; incision between spine and prominence as deep but not as broad, and prominence as attenuated as in  C. pulchellum . (Fig. 3l–m). </p>
            <p> Male pronotum hind margin is generally as in  C. puella (Fig. 5d–e), female pronotum as well but with a more prominent, roundish triangular central lobe and very slightly deeper and somewhat asymmetrical incisions between it and lateral lobes (Fig. 7h). </p>
            <p>The black maculation development in males varies greatly, including in the same population in Fanagoriyskoe village. It is best reflected by the relative middorsal length of the posterior black spot in S3, which varies, quite continuously, ca from 20 to 70% of the S3 length, usually ca 50% (Fig. 9a). Along with its regular long lateral projections, as a rule broad in this species, it forms a cenral tooth (Fig. 9b), in some specimens produced into short, but of variable length, middorsal line.</p>
            <p>Male S9 with a posterior black bar of variable shape, which usually has two (at sides, most frequent version) (Fig. 9a, b), one (central) or three (all above mentioned) anterior projections. S10 black above, blue at sides.</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. In Russia found only in Krasnodarskiy Kray, both at the SE part of the Black Sea coast as well as inland, behind the Main Caucasus Range, in Goryachiy Klyuch District. All records were at ponds situated below 200 m a.s.l. and surrounded by forest vegetation. The earliest registered date of imaginal emerging was 8.04.2024. No other  Coenagrion spp. were found at these localities. Outside the region considered, the species ranges along the Black Sea coast of Georgia and has been reported from Azerbaijan, Northern Iran (Gilan) and NE Anatolia (east of Giresun) (Boudot et al. 2021) </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19105F108A7D3FBDE78C67F5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19107F108A7D3F84A7F557999.text	DB0F87E19107F108A7D3F84A7F557999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion ornatum (Selys 1850)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Coenagrion ornatum (Selys, 1850)</p>
            <p>Figs 10, 11a–d</p>
            <p> Reported from: Krasnodarskiy Kray, environs of Gryaznukhinskaya Stanitsa (sub.  Agrion ornatum Selys ) (Bartenef 1930), the Pslukh River in Sochi Municipality (Skvortsov 2010); Kellermesskaya and Khanskaya Stanitsas in Adygea Republic (Bartenef 1930; Shapovalov &amp; Korotkov 2019). </p>
            <p>
                 Specimens.   Karachay-Cherkes Republic: ♂ (37680843, 37680856), ♀, Russia, N Caucasus, Zelenchuk District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.014/lat 1.012)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.014&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.012">Dausuz village</a>
                 W environs, S banks of a large water reserve at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.014/lat 1.012)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.014&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.012">Bolzhoy Zelenchuk River</a>
                 , 43.793–796 N, 41.536–540 E, 1,012–1,014 m a.s.l., 3.07.2019  .   Republic of Dagestan: ♂, 2♀♀ (178696749, 180155503, 180155777, 1180155989, 180156091, 80156210, 180156435, 180157387, 180159191 (Fig. 11a), 180160258, 180160572, 180160723, 180160831, 180160934), Buynaksk District, Buynaksk S environs,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.1169/lat 47.1157)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.1169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.1157">Verkhnee Kazanishche village</a>
                 environs, a swampy, reedy brook on a gentle left slope of the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.1169/lat 47.1157)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.1169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.1157">Akpeozen’ River valley</a>
                 , 42.7982 –42.7992 N, 47.1157– 47.1169 E, 487–488 m a.s.l., 29.05.2023  ;   6 ♂♂ (Fig. 10d–e) (178695634, 178695635 (Fig. 11b), 178695636, 180231099, 180231185, 180643335, 180643481, 180643723, 180643834, 180643926, 180644391, 180644477, 180644677, 180644769, 180644838, 180644922, 180645019, 180645088, 180950128, 180951966, 180952452, 180952577, 180952701, 180952786, 180952885, 180953036, 180953178, 180953270), Tabasaran District, the Rubas River valley 2.5 km NE of Sirtych village, a swampy  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.2411/lat 48.2396)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.2411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.2396">Dzharag-Khyan Spring</a>
                 , 41.8490 –41.8527 N, 48.2396– 48.2411 E, 103–105 m a.s.l., 28.05.2023  ;   4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Magaramkent District, Samur Delta Forest,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.548/lat 48.547)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.547">Bil’-Bil’ Kazmalyar village</a>
                 , a brook and a pond, 41.818 –41.819 N, 48.547– 48.548 E, 21–22 m a.s.l., 4.06.2022, E. Ilyina leg  ; 2 ♂♂, the same place, 5.06.2023, E. Ilyina leg.; 2 ♂, the same place, 5.05.2023, E. Ilyina leg.; 3 ♂♂ (178693662 (Fig. 11c), 178693663, 181380130, 181380245, 181380516, 181380589, 181380955, 181381118, 182680720, 182680856, 182681001, 182681109, 182681639, 182681821, 182682133, 182682287, 182683094, 182683374, 182683704, 182683883, 182683987, 182684102, 182771447, 182771534, 182771582), the same place, 27.05.2023; 3 ♂♂ (Fig. 10a–b),   4 ♀♀ (98025103 (Fig. 11d), 98116240, 98963192, 98963230, 98963408, 98963476, 98963562, 98963695, 98963732, 98964853, 98964859, 98964915, 98964939, 98964993, 98965076, 98968166, 98968201), Rutul District, the Samur River left arm between  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.362/lat 47.358)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.358">Kufa</a>
                 and  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.362/lat 47.358)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.358">Kala</a>
                 villages, 41.569 –41.570 N, 47.358– 47.362 E, 1367–1373 m a.s.l., 26.06.2021  . 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat. Widespread but local in the Caucasus, although the populations found were rather large. The species invariably occurs at small slow streams.</p>
            <p>Characters. The characters are unmistakable for this species (Kalkman 2006; Skvortsov 2010; Dijkstra et al. 2020) and deserve no attention beyond a particular problem with the position of the male cerci (see ‘Discussion’). In our male specimens, the cerci are more or less divergent to a variable extent (Fig. 10); in specimens from the Rubas River valley the divergence is on average less expressed, with the least divergent case shown in Fig. 10d.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19107F108A7D3F84A7F557999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19106F109A7D3F9B97A857FB6.text	DB0F87E19106F109A7D3F9B97A857FB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier 1840)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Coenagrion lunulatum (Charpentier, 1840)</p>
            <p> Reported (as  Agrion vernale Hag. ) from: Krasnodarskiy Kray, Sochi Municipality, “Achischgho Mt, lake No 6” (one of the Khmelevskie Lakes, for explanation see Kosterin (2023)) (Bartenef 1930: 71; Skvortsov 2010) </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat. Two males were collected by A.N. Bartenef (1930) on 23.07.1928 at ‘lake No. 6’ of the Khmelevskie Lakes situated at 1,875 m a.s.l. in the subalpine zone of West Caucasus (for explanations of the lakes see Kosterin 2023). That place was visited by OEK on 10.07.2008 (Kosterin 2023) but this species, as well as any its congener, was not found. No other data for this boreal species exist from the Russian part of the Caucasus, although several records exist from the eastern Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and NW Iran (Boudot et al. 2021).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19106F109A7D3F9B97A857FB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19106F109A7D3FB1978B779B7.text	DB0F87E19106F109A7D3FB1978B779B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur 1842)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842)</p>
            <p>Fig. 11e–k</p>
            <p>Reported from: two localities in Krasnodarskiy Kray: the Pslukh River in Sochi Municipality (Skvortsov 2010) and Lake Krugloe in Novorossiysk Municipality (Kosterin &amp; Solovyev 2017); Voskhod Estate of Maykop in Adygea Republic (Shapovalov &amp; Korotkov 2019); unprecisely for Stavropol’skiy Kray (Skvortsov 2010).</p>
            <p>
                 Specimens.   Krasnodarskiy Kray: 2 ♂♂ (37681939, 37681905, 42847761, 108801024, 108802758 (Fig. 11e )), Anapa Municipality, E suburbs of Supsekh settlement,  Lake Zmeinoe env., 44.853–857 N, 37.391–393 E, 150–189 m a.s.l., 24.06.2019  ;   ♂. Novorossiysk Municipality,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.5973/lat 44.6768)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.5973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.6768">Lake Krugloe</a>
                 (remnants of a small lake in a lower part of intermontane valley), 44.6768° N, 37.5973° E, 70 m a.s.l. 10.07.2016, O. Kosterin leg.  ;   ♂, Goryachiy Klyuch Municipality,  Fanagoriyskoe village NW environs, ponds, 44.515–516 N, 39.108–109 E, 101–102 m a.s.l., 27.06.2019  ;   ♀ (blue morph),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.108/lat 44.556)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.556">Goryachiy Klyuch Municipality</a>
                 , an overgrown pond 1.5 km WNW of Bezymyannoe village, 44.556 N, 39.108 E, 80–83 m a.s.l., 27.06.2019  ;   ♂,  Apsheronsk District , 0.5 km NE of Tsurevskiy Settlement, a big former quarry, 44.414–416 N, 39.786–789 E, 207–208 m a.s.l., 30.06.2019  .   Karachay-Cherkes Republic: ♀ (blue morph), Prikubanskiy District, 3.3 km WSW of Kavkazskiy village,  Lake Maloe NW bank, 44.251–254 N, 42.195–200 E, 610 m a.s.l., 5.07.2019  ; 3 ♂♂ (42847508),   3 ♀♀, Khabez District,  Inzhichishkho village N margin, big ponds, 44.211–219 N, 41.714–724 E, 578–582 m a.s.l., 6.07.2019  ;   2 ♂♂ (109974039, Fig. 11f), Malokarachaevsk District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.57/lat 42.564)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.564">Uchkeken village</a>
                 E environs, a chain of ponds, 43.934 –43.948 N, 42.564– 42.570 E, 887–923 m a.s.l., 9.07.2019  .   Republic of Dagestan: ♂, Kazbekovskiy District, 3.5 km ENE of Dylym village,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.678/lat 46.6758)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6758">Lake Gorendzhikor</a>
                 , 43.0607 –43.0620 N, 46.6758– 46.6780 E, 730–732 m a.s.l., 20.06.2021  ;   ♂ (♂♂, ♀♀, 176987267, 176987387 (Fig. 11i), 176987519, 176987626 (Fig. 11g), 180162014, 180162157, 182772197, 182772260, 182772305), Buynaksk District, Buynaksk S suburbs,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.1362/lat 42.7835)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.1362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.7835">Nizhnee Kazanishche village</a>
                 environs, the Orta Kopyur Reservoir, 42.7835 N, 47.1362 E, 510 m a.s.l., 29.05.2023  ;   ♂ (176987151, 176987519, 176987387, 178697738, 180652685, 180652549, 182772530), Buynaksk District, the water reservoir in  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.133/lat 47.13)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.13">Khalimbekaul village</a>
                 , 42.852 –42.858 N, 47.130– 47.133 E, 361 m a.s.l., 29.05.2023  ;   2 ♀♀ (166839019, 186507053), Makhachkala N suburbs, pools at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.4869/lat 43.2003)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.4869&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.2003">Krivaya Balka River</a>
                 left bank in its lowermost reaches, 43.2003 N, 47.4869 E, 26 m below s.l., 23.05.2023, O. Kosterin et E. Ilyina leg.  ;   ♀ (blue morph) (99613386, 99613479),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.613/lat 47.6117)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6117">Karabudakhkent District</a>
                 , 1.3 km ENE of Kula village, the former second pond (a boggy meadow), 42.6534 –42.6544 N, 47.6117– 47.6130 E, 212–217 m a.s.l., 19.06.2021  ;   ♂ (186510393), Sergokala District, 3 km SW of Myurego village, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.6774/lat 42.3946)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.6774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.3946">Inchkheozen’ River</a>
                 upper valley, 42.3946 N, 47.6774 E, 555 m a.s.l., 23.06.2019  . 
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            <p>
                 Additional photographic registrations:   Krasnodarskiy Kray: ♂ (108801024), ♀ (blue morph) (42847863, 108804470 (Fig. 11j )), Anapa Municipality, E suburbs of Supsekh settlement,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.3928/lat 44.8565)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.3928&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.8565">Lake Zmeinoe</a>
                 env., 44.8565 N, 37.3928 E, 150–189 m a.s.l., 25.06.2019  ;   ♂ (37681974), Apsheronsk Town N environs, a  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.7873/lat 44.4169)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.7873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.4169">Pshekha River</a>
                 right oxbow lake, 44.4169 N, 39.7873 E, 30.06.2019  .   Republic of Dagestan: 2 ♂♂; 3 ♀♀ (176987741, 176987626 (Fig. 11g), 176988062, 176988292 (Fig. 11k), 182772530, 182772690, 182772933 (Fig. 11k), 189635377), Makhachkala N suburbs, pools at the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.4867/lat 47.4862)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.4867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.4862">Krivaya Balka River</a>
                 left bank in its lowermost reaches, 43.1998 –43.2000 N, 47.4862– 47.4867 E, 26 m below s.l., 30.05.2023  ;   2 ♀♀ (186510794, 186510868, 186590193, 186590343 (Fig. 11h),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.4452/lat 41.9048)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.4452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.9048">Derbent District</a>
                 , 3.5 km NE of Belidzhi village, thickets at a swamp, 41.9048 N, 48.4452 E, 18 m below s.l., 25.05.2023. 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat. Widespread at lower elevations of the Caucasus but never numerous. Breeds in lakes, rarely pools. These damselflies more readily disperse apart from water than their other congeners, occurring at forest margins or even among steppe vegetation.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19106F109A7D3FB1978B779B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E1910FF101A7D3FC71795D7E93.text	DB0F87E1910FF101A7D3FC71795D7E93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion ornatum (Selys 1850)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion ornatum</p>
            <p> Skvortsov (2010) and Skvortsov &amp; Snegovaya (2015) raised concern about reality of the species  Coenagrion vanbrinkae Lohmann, 1993 (originally proposed in an incorrect grammatical gender, as  C. vanbrinki , see van Tol (1994)) and its presence in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia. This species was described from Iran and the eastern Turkey as differing from  C. ornatum with just one seemingly distinct character: the male cerci diverged in the dorsal view rather than almost contacting with their tips, other characters mentioned in the original description (Lohmann 1993) being negligible. Kosterin &amp; Ahmadi (2018) analysed this character from the regions of Central Iran close to the type locality (Dorud) and found both versions of the cerci position in subequal frequencies. They concluded that this is a matter of position of a movable appendages rather than their structure and so, following Boudot &amp; Kulijer (2015), considered  C. vanbrinkae as a pure junior synonym of  C. ornatum . This treatment is adopted in the World  Odonata List (Paulson et al. 2024) . Skvortsov &amp; Snegovaya (2015: 36) claimed that “a more detailed comparison” of the Azerbaijanian specimens under scanning electron microscope “shows that all the specimens are intermediate” between  ornatum and  vanbrinkae . This agrees with a continuously variable degree of the cerci divergence in our specimens from Dagestan (Fig. 10), that is in favour of synonymy of  C. ornatum and  C. vanbrinkae . Curiously and in contrast to the above, our specimens from Central Iran could be classified to two distinct classes of broadly divergent versus almost not diverged cerci (Kosterin &amp; Ahmadi 2018). There are some unpublished data hinting that specimen series of  C. ornatum from the same region collected by different persons may strongly differ in the proportion of males with diverged vs non-diverged cerci, which may be interpreted so that the position of male cerci may depend on the method of killing of voucher specimens. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E1910FF101A7D3FC71795D7E93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E1910EF101A7D3F80979D87817.text	DB0F87E1910EF101A7D3F80979D87817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion australocaspicum Dumont & Heidari 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion australocaspicum</p>
            <p> C. australocaspicum stands aside from other  Coenagrion spp. in the area considered with respect to its very long male paraprocts, a character seen even by a naked eye and shared only by  C. syriacum ranging in the Mediterranean coastal areas of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel (Kalkman 2006). It is remarkable that the only difference of  C. australocaspicum from  C. syriacum stated in the original description is as follows: “It differs, from  C. ponticum and  C. syriacum by the widely separated app. sup. of the males, a character it only shares with  C. puella s.s. ” (Dumont &amp; Heidari 1996). Unfortunarely, this character was not well illustrated in the original descripion, where the illustrations contradict each other. The drawings in the dorsal and caudal views show the bases of the cerci set apart from each other and laterally of the central prominence of the S10 inner side (Dumont &amp; Heidari 1996: figs 7, 8). At the same time, the scanned electronic microphotograph shows, in caudal view, their bases disposed close to each other under the central prominence (Ibid.: fig. 4). Exactly this is seen also in our caudal view photos of  C. australocaspicum from Dagestan (Fig. 4a–b) and in the photos of male specimens of  C. syriacum from Adana Il of Turkey kept in RMNH, kindly provided by the curator of Odonata collection Charlotte Hartong (Fig. 16d,f). Taking into account the subjectivity of drawings, we conclude that the very bases of the cerci are set tightly close to each other in both species. The actual difference between  C. australocaspicum and  C. syriacum is seen in dorsal view (Fig. 2a–c vs Fig. 16b, e) and consist of the presence of inner bulges of the basal parts of the cerci in  C. syriacum (Fig. 16b, e), so that they contact to each other.  C. australocaspicum misses these bulges (Fig. 2a–c), so its cerci are well separated from each other indeed in dorsal view, but this is a matter of their shape rather than positions of their bases. </p>
            <p> The original description of  C. australocaspicum also mentions (but not as diagnostic) and illustrates the paraproct basoventral part with a rounded prominence, rather than an angular one, as in  C. syriacum , but our specimens of  C. australocaspicum from Dagestan (Fig. 3a–c) and those of Skvortzov &amp; Snegovaya (2015) from Azerbaijan, both series being from the Caspian coast, exhibit the latter condition of angular projection. </p>
            <p> The comparison of the photographs of male specimens of  C. syriacum kept in RMNH (Fig. 16) with our specimens of  C. australocaspicum from Dagestan (Figs 2a–c, 3a–c, 4a–b, 5f) showed the following morphological differences of the former species from the latter: </p>
            <p>—the cercus has a well expressed bulge (Fig. 16b, e);</p>
            <p>—the paraproct spine is thicker, blunter, a bit relatively shorter and very slightly skewed up rather than directed strictly caudad (Fig. 16a, d);</p>
            <p> —the tubercle of the cerci is slanting down in  C. syriacum but slightly raised in  C. australocaspicum (Fig. 16a, d); </p>
            <p> —the processes of the cerci in  C. syriacum are much longer than in  C. australocaspicum and protrude below the middle of the paraproct bases (Fig. 16c, f), they are straight almost like in  C. pulchellum ; </p>
            <p>—the S10 dorsal margin more raised in lateral view (Fig. 16a, d).</p>
            <p> Also there exists a steady difference in the abdominal black pattern: the males of  C. syriacum always have a broad dorsal black bar on the hind part of S9 (Fig. 16; iNaturalist 2023) while the males of  C. australocaspicum have S9 entirely blue, with at most a pair of black dots (Fig. 2a–c, 6a–c, j–k). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E1910EF101A7D3F80979D87817	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E1910EF101A7D3FF8D788579FF.text	DB0F87E1910EF101A7D3FF8D788579FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden 1825)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion pulchellum</p>
            <p> The Caucasian specimens of  C. pulchellum do not show any transition towards the related and externally very similar species  C. persicum confined to Central Iran, following the delicate morphological differences between these species illustrated by Schneider et al. (2016).  C. persicum differs from  C. pulchellum as follows: males: tooth disposed almost at middle of trunk (Fig. 2n) rather than at ca 2/3 of its length (Fig. 2o–q); paraproct prominence directed caudad (Fig. 3n) rather than ventro-caudad; (Fig. 3o–q); females: incisions between pronotum lobe sinuous (Fig. 7i) rather than more or less triangular (Fig. 7j). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E1910EF101A7D3FF8D788579FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19131F13DA7D3FC9079B07C7B.text	DB0F87E19131F13DA7D3FC9079B07C7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenagrion ponticum (Bartenef 1929)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coenagrion ponticum</p>
            <p> Agrion ponticum was described by A.N. Bartenef (1929) (the surname spelling as provided therein) in German, next year he reproduced the description in Russian, again using ‘sp. n.’ (Bartenef 1930). The same way and in the same papers he described three other taxa of  Odonata from West Caucasus, as considered in detail by Kosterin (2023). </p>
            <p>The type series consisted of numerous specimens collected in 1927–1929, from mid-June to early September, by Bartenev himself. Bartenef (1929) characterised the type series origin very briefly and without further comment: “Tuapse, Sotschi, Adler, Pitzunda, Ötshimshiri, Poti, Natanebi, Kobulety, Anfang VI. bis 6.IX. (1926—1928).” The number of specimens was not mentioned. All the mentioned cities/places are at the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The later paper in Russian (Bartenef 1930: 65) provides the provenance of the type series in more detail. It is said to originate from 15 localities (sometimes cited with some altered spelling than in 1929): seven currently in Krasnodarskiy Kray (one in Tuapse, one in Sochi and five in the Adler environs), four in Abkhazia (two in Pitsunda, one in Ochemchiri, one at Lake Inktit), one in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (Poti), one in Guria (Natanebi, this actually is a river) and two in Adjara (Kobuleti). The exact numbers of specimens are not provided again, instead there are such annotations as “many specimens”, “medium number of specimens”, “not many specimens”, “few specimens”, “several specimens”, “very few specimens”, “ 1 male (only one male!)”, but the total number of collected specimens seems to be enormous. As for overwhelming majority of Bartenev’s taxa (Medvedev et al. 2013), the type series most probably no longer exists. Since it consisted of a long series of syntypes as the name bearing-type, all the localities enumerated above comprise the vast type locality of the species. It could be narrowed by a neotype designation but we see no necessity in this.</p>
            <p> The original (that is published first) description (Bartenef 1929) characterised the range of the new species very briefly. Bartenev reported that “observations show that on the coast of the Black Sea from Tuapse (Gelendzhik?) to Batum are inhabited by only  Agrion ponticum (but neither by  Agr. pulchellum nor  Agr. puella ). All previous findings of the latter two species … actually belonged to the species  Agr. ponticum ” (translated from German) (Bartenef 1929: 64). “Widespread on the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea. Not present in the mountains.” (Bartenef 1929: 68) (Our finding of the species in Goryachiy Klyuch Ditrict, see above, disproved the latter statement). Bartenef (1930) formulated these statements in somewhat different way—that the species is very common in the Pontic District, comprises there an overwhelming majority of  Coenagrion and had been misidentified as either  puella or  pulchellum in earlier reports. The species was registered up to the Tuapse in the north, while “in Abrau, already  Agrion pulchellum flies, but with an inclination towards  ponticum ” [sic!] (translated from Russian) (Bartenef 1930: 70). </p>
            <p> Both papers (Bartenef 1929; 1930) summarised the characters of the new species in an identical table (see below). The former one (Bartenef 1929) did not discuss the species’ characters beyond the table, while the latter one (Bartenef 1930) claimed the species to be “intermediate in its characters between  Agr. puella and  Agr. pulchellum ” (Bartenef 1930: 66), and that “it stands most close to  Agrion pulchellum , but in the coloration sometimes resembles  C. puella . In general, our new species is a true transition between  A. puella and  A. pulchellum . It likely is a very ancient endemic of the region, at least pre-glacial, and the contemporary  Agrion pulchellum and  Agrion puella are in genetic kinship with it.” (Bartenef 1930: 70). The latter speculation was not argumented. </p>
            <p> Both papers contain a very schematic drawing of the male appendages of  C. puella ,  C. ponticum and  C. pulchellum in dorsal view and a more detailed drawing of those of  C. ponticum (both papers) or all the three species (Bartenef 1930) in lateral view; that of  C. ponticum in (Bartenef 1929) is presented upside down. The drawings fit our specimens quite well. </p>
            <p> The characters of  C. pulchellum ,  C. ponticum and  C. puella were summarised in an unnumberred comparative table which had 28 lines for males and three lines for females (Bartenef 1929, 1930). Among the 28 male characters, four concerned the pronotum, two concerned the S10 hind margin, nine concerned the appendages and one venation, other 12 characters concerned coloration. Of the three female characters, one concerned the pronotum (“as in male”) and two the coloration. These characters were not evaluated as to their importance and no truly diagnostic ones were indicated. Most of the characters, especially those concerning shape, are described in such fine detail which are no doubt individually variable, could not be reliably diagnostic and were either peculiarities of certain specimens examined or even somewhat imaginary. We find most important the more or less obvious morphological (structural) differences, which we will briefly reformulate below from (Bartenef 1929, 1930) in our terms, with our annotations. </p>
            <p> The structural characters of  C. ponticum intermediate between those of  C. pulchellum and  C. puella are: </p>
            <p> —Pronotum lateral lobes in both sexes less expressed in  C. ponticum than in  C. pulchellum , but not as weakly as in  C. puella , the central lobe being relatively more expressed as compared to the lateral lobes in  C. ponticum than in the two other species. In females, the depressions between the lobes are deep and symmetrical in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 7j), less expressed and asymmetrical in  C. ponticum (Fig. 7h), scarcely expressed in  C. puella (Fig. 7b–g). These pronotum characters are well seen in our female specimens but is not evident in males (see above). </p>
            <p> —S10 hind margin dorsal incision in males is deeper than half of its length in  C. pulchellum , about the half in  C. ponticum and less in  C. puella . This is correct but the character is weak as quantitative and without any hiatus (Fig. 2). </p>
            <p> —Male cercus length is somewhat less than half of S10 length in  C. ponticum , versus somewhat more than half in  C. puella and four times as short in  C. pulchellum . We find these values incorrect, since in  C. puella the cercus may look shorter than half of S10, depending on its position, while reaches 1/3 of the S10 length in  C. pulchellum . </p>
            <p> —Male cerci contact each other in dorsal view at or just behind S10 hind margin, while only at their bases in  C. puella and at the middle of their trunks with their bulges in  C. pulchellum . We find this is true for  C. puella (Fig. 2d–k) while the point of contact may be similar in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 2o–q) and  C. ponticum (Fig. 2l–m), at ca proximal ¼ of the trunk, while the actual difference is the shape of the bulge which is a well expressed blunt angle in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 2o–q) but gently rounded in  C. ponticum (Fig. 2l–m). </p>
            <p> —Apex of male cercus trunk moderately convex, while very convex and roundish in  C. pulchellum and scarcely convex or straight in  C. puellum . We would reformulate that in lateral view, it is bluntly angled in  C. ponticum (Fig. 3l–m), narrowly processed in  C. pulchellum (Fig. 3o–q) and scarcely convex and gently rounded in  C. puella (Fig. 3d–k). </p>
            <p> —Male paraprocts scarcely slanting, directed more behind than up, while strongly slanting, directed more up than behind in  C. pulchellum and almost horizontal in  C. puella . We find that  C. puella (Fig. 3d–k) does not differ much from  C. ponticum (Fig. 3l–m) in this respect, since the former also may have the paraprocts slanting. </p>
            <p> The structural characters of  C. ponticum as in  C. pulchellum are: </p>
            <p> —Male S10 hind margin in lateral view with two bends (one in  C. puella ). We find those bends scarcely and variably expressed and do not see this difference. </p>
            <p> —Cercus process long and straight, reaching paraproct projection (Fig. 4c–d), said to be short (scarcely expanding beyond tubercle) and curved in  C. puella (Fig. 4f–k). </p>
            <p> The structural characters of  C. ponticum as in  C. puella are: </p>
            <p> —Tubercle present, and said to absent from  C. pulchellum , which is not correct: it is well expressed in this species but somewhat obscured by the trunk in dorsal view (Fig. 2o–p). So this character by Bartenev is wrong. </p>
            <p> —Male paraproct 1.5–2 times as long as S 10 in lateral and dorsal views, versus as long as in  C. pulchellum — but this is a matter of its direction rather than actual length. </p>
            <p> —Male paraproct prominence shorter than cercus (as long in  C. pulchellum ). This character works but the prominence is yet somewhat shorter than the cercus in  C. pulchellum as well (Fig. 3o–q). </p>
            <p> It is noteworthy that Bartenev’s drawing (Bartenef 1929: abb. 13; 1930: fig. 28) show the paraproct prominence rounded (more like in  C. puella but better expressed) rather than processed as in  C. pulchellum , as observed in our specimens of  C. ponticum (Fig. 3l–m). A similar shape is shown for “Sp. 5” from Azerbaijan associated with  C. ponticum by Skvortsov &amp; Snegovaya (2015: fig. 28). This may indicate that populations of  C. ponticum still vary in expression of the puella-like and pulchellum-like traits. </p>
            <p> Much attention was paid in the original description to fine peculiarities of the black maculation in males, just reflecting its overall expression. We find it best characterised by the extent of the black spot (its main part, not lateral processes) in S3, which, according to Bartenef (1929; 1930), occupies from 1/2 to 5/6 of its length in  C. pulchellum , from 1/4 to 4/ 5 in  C. ponticum and 1/ 4 in  C. puella . Hence its range in  C. ponticum , although intermediate with those of  C. pulchellum and  C. puella , overlaps with both and by no means can be diagnostic. </p>
            <p> Importantly, females of  C. ponticum have S8 black with only very small blue markings, as in  C. puella , while blue with some black spots in all Caucasian specimens of  C. pulchellum . </p>
            <p> So, our specimens generally fit the original description of  C. ponticum except for some characters, and for identification of this species we recommend to use the short character annotation provided above in the annotated list and the key below rather than the big table by Bartenev overloaded with unnecessary details. </p>
            <p> While Bartenef (1930) considered  C. ponticum ‘a very ancient endemic of the region’, we find it more logical to alternatively suppose that this taxon originated from some Caucasian population which was a product of occasional hybridisation of  C. pulchellum and  C. puella . If under some condition of the past, unfavourable for Coenarion, both parental species had temporarily vanished from the Black Sea coast while that hybrid population by chance remained the only one in the region, it could later spread as all over the region. The enormous, even intra-population continuous variation of the male black pattern over the whole span between that of both presumed parental species, as well as difference in the paraproct prominence expression between our specimens and those by Bartenef (1929; 1930) and Skvortsov &amp; Snegovaya (2015) may suggest that the  puella - and  pulchellum -alleles are still co-exist and maybe not yet well mixed in this hybridogenic species. </p>
            <p> In view of this supposition it is interesting to note that Bliek (1963) reported and illustrated a presumed male hybrid between  C. puella and  C. pulchellum found near Tutzing (Bayern, Germany). The illustrated S2 mark (Abb. 2c in loc. cit.) resembles that of  C. puella but is thicker, that is inclining towards the  C. pulchellum condition. The pronotum hind lobe shape (Abb. 1c) is intermediate between that in the two parental species. Unfortunately, the caudal appendages of the hybrid were illustrated only in the posterior view (Abb. 3c), and the tips of the cercal processes are shown hidden behind the paraproct bases, that is very strange. Anyway, the cerci were shown robust, contacting with their bulges and with scarcely curved processes, that is resembling those of  C. pulchellum . The paraprocts were shown as in  C. pulchellum but less divergent. In sum, the pronotum lobe of the hybrid is intermediate between the parental species, the S2 markings close to that of  C. puella and the appendages resembles those of  C. pulchellum . These characteristics are remarkably shared by  C. ponticum . The S2 and appendages of the hybrid as depicted by Bliek (1963: Abb. 2c, 3c) could be identifiable as  C. ponticum , but the pronotum hind lobe is too sinuous, strictly intermediate between the  C. puella and  C. pulchellum , while in males of  C. ponticum it is closer to  C. puella (Fig. 5d, e). </p>
            <p> On the other hand, so far there was just a single report of such a hybrid while Lowe et al. (2008) analysed 12 microsatellite loci in  C. puella and  C. pulchellum from British Isles and revealed no sign of hybridisation between these species. This suggests that hybridisation between the two species is not easy, yet it could take place in the complicated history of the Caucasian fauna. </p>
            <p> It should be noted that Russia was missed from the range of  C. ponticum in the the IUCN Red List assessment of this species (Boudot 2009), although it comprises a part of its broad type locality, while Armenia was included without a reference. The range is adequately shown in Boudot et al (2021), without Armenia but including the Black Sea coast of Turkey and a locality in North Iran by Schneider et al (2018). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19131F13DA7D3FC9079B07C7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
DB0F87E19132F13DA7D3FBA17FF97BFB.text	DB0F87E19132F13DA7D3FBA17FF97BFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrion puella (Linnaeus 1758) " (Skvortsov & Snegovaya 2015	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the species of  puella -group in a broad sense </p>
            <p> The following simple key may be proposed for the representatives of the  puella -group in a broad sense in the Caucasus. </p>
            <p>1. Males.............................................................................................. 2</p>
            <p>- Females............................................................................................ 5</p>
            <p> 2. Paraproct spine directed caudad and as long as 5/6 of S10 length in lateral view; pronotum hind lobe almost straight, with scarcely traced lateral depressions and a central notch........................................  C. australocaspicum</p>
            <p>- Paraproct spine more or less slanting as to some extent inclining up, not longer than 2/3 of S10 length in lateral view; pronotum hind lobe more or less trilobate.......................................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Depression between paraproct spine and prominence scarcely expressed, not deeper than rounded rectangular; spine thick; cercus trunk in lateral view slanting as a curve, without expressed apex....................................  C. puella</p>
            <p>- Depression between paraproct spine and prominence deep, prominence process-like; cercus trunk in lateral view has an expressed apex....................................................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. Paraproct spine directed more up than behind, so that incision between it and prominence broad; cercus trunk in dorsal view of almost even width..........................................................................  C. pulchellum</p>
            <p> - Paraproct spine directed more behind than up, so that incision between it and prominence narrower; cercus trunk in dorsal view broadening.................................................................................  C. ponticum</p>
            <p> 5. Pronotum hind lobe almost straight, with a negligible central notch.............................  C. australocaspicum</p>
            <p>- Pronotum hind lobe more or less trilobate................................................................. 6</p>
            <p> 6. Pronotum hind lobe with three strong lobes and deep depressions between them........................  C. pulchellum</p>
            <p>- Pronotum hind lobe with smooth lobes and depressions between them........................................... 7</p>
            <p> 7. Pronotum hind lobe with very smooth lobes of about the same size, with symmetrical shallow depressions between them, S8 black optionally with small blue markings...........................................................  C. puella</p>
            <p> - Pronotum hind lobe with better expressed lobes, with the central one larger, and asymmetrical incisions between them; S8 largerly blue................................................................................  C. ponticum</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0F87E19132F13DA7D3FBA17FF97BFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kosterin, Oleg E.;Onishko, Vladimir V.;Ilyina, Elena V.;Chepurnov, Grigory Yu.;Blinov, Alexander G.	Kosterin, Oleg E., Onishko, Vladimir V., Ilyina, Elena V., Chepurnov, Grigory Yu., Blinov, Alexander G. (2024): The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus. Zootaxa 5471 (2): 151-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.2.1
