taxonID	type	description	language	source
DB732851FFB84330FF1FFC3EFED8F357.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species in the genus Penniverpa can be identified by possessing all of the following characteristics: setae present in and around the central depression of prosternum; lacking setae on the posterior surface of the midcoxa; lacking glossy calli on the upper face below the antennal bases; having cell m 3 broadly open; lacking setae on the male frons (except P. gracilis (Kröber )); and sinuous patches of short coarse spines on the ventral surface of the hypoproct (Fig. 36).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB84330FF1FFC3EFED8F357.taxon	description	Description. Moderate sized flies, male body length 5.0 - 8.0 mm (n = 74), female 5.4 – 8.8 mm (n = 71). Head. Male ocellar tubercle raised above level of vertex; setae dark reddish brown to black, short. Eyes reddish brown, males holoptic. Frons with setae (when present) not extending lateral to antennal base; black pubescent band absent lateral to antennal base. Face projecting slightly beyond eyes. Antenna shorter than head length; scape cylindrical, longer than wide, greater than two times length of pedicel, narrower than width of flagellum, setae absent medially, macrosetae dark reddish brown; pedicel globular, setae absent medially; flagellum with three flagellomeres, first flagellomere oval, basal fifth constricted, tapered posteriorly to second flagellomere, posterobasal setae short, dark brown, second flagellomere short, cylindrical, third flagellomere short, subequal to second flagellomere, tapered apically, apical style short, flagellum greater than two times width, about two times length of scape. Parafacial pubescence white, setae absent. Maxillary palpus cylindrical, apex slightly clavate, rounded, about six times longer than wide. Thorax. Macrosetae dark reddish brown, 2 – 3 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 dc, 1 sc. Postocular macrosetae dark brown, in single row. Postpronotal lobe concolorous with mesonotum. Setae present on cervical sclerite, in and around central depression of prosternum, on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum; absent on proepimeron, anepimeron, meron, metanepisternum, and metakatepisternum; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae. Wing. R 1 lacking setulae. M 1, M 2, and M 3 originate separately from apex of discal cell; cell cup closed, petiolate; anal angle broadly rounded; alula rounded. Legs. Coxae dark reddish brown, pubescence silver; midcoxa lacking setae on posterior half; hindcoxa with papillate anterior knob (except in P. gracilis); apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with one posterolateral macroseta. Femora with lanceolate, appressed setae on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Male terminalia. Tergite 8 (Fig. 36) with posterior margin deeply emarginate; median length short, less than 0.06 mm; one pair of sensory setae. Sternite 8 (Fig. 37) with one pair of sensory setae. Epandrium (Fig. 36) quadrate, broad basally, tapering posteriorly; shorter medially than wide; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed; lateral view rectangular, posterior margin tapered to broad point. Cerci (Fig. 36) fused basally, oblong, apex rounded, ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium. Hypoproct (Fig. 36) quadrate, ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium; ventral surface with sinuous sclerite of short coarse spines (Fig. 36 inset). Hypandrium (Fig. 37), moderately sclerotized, triangular or laterally oblong. Gonocoxite (Fig. 37) separated medially, lacking aedeagal bridge, gonocoxal apodeme narrow, not extending anteriorly beyond anterior margin of gonocoxite, inner gonocoxal process fused to posterior margin of gonocoxite, lateral view (Fig. 38), inner gonocoxal process narrow; ventral lobe occasionally with an ancillary projection (PVL) which is present in the form of a narrow, basal, spinous projection (Fig. 39) or an apical spine (Figs. 45, 57, 74). Gonostylus (Fig. 39) narrow, curved dorsally with a lateral gonostylar process (LGP) in the shape on an oblong cylinder (Figs. 2, 8, 13, 19, 25, 31, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 74) or as a broad plate (Fig. 69) which may possess a ventromedial process (VMP) (Figs. 8, 25, 39, 51, 57, 74). Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 40) rectangular, narrow; ventral apodeme (Fig. 41) narrow, tapered anteriorly; distiphallus tapered posteriorly, generally with large, dorsal spinous projections and a pair of accessory aedeagal processes (AAP) (Fig. 41) running parallel to distiphallus and generally bearing large spines apically; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 41) short, posterior third slightly bulbous, anterior two – thirds narrow, generally cylindrical; lateral ejaculatory processes absent. Female terminalia. Sternite 8 oval, sides rounded, anterior margin truncate; aedeagal guide absent. Median lobe of tergite 9 lacking setae. Furca (Fig. 43) closed anteriorly and posteriorly, sides sinuate, anteromedial and posteromedial processes absent. Common spermathecal duct shorter than length of furca; spermathecal ducts originating from common spermathecal duct at junction of spermathecal sac. Two spermathecae.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFBD433DFF1FF9C6FE25F55F.taxon	description	alvatra Irwin and Webb (1992: 88 checklist, 107 male desc. 109 dist., Figs. 79 male ant., 80 male max. palp., 81 male wing, 82 – 87 male genit., 88 – 89 fem. genit.) (Penniverpa). Type locality Brazil, Roraima, Río Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá. Holotype male in INPA. alvadusta Irwin and Webb (1992: 88 checklist, 106 fem. desc., 107 dist., Figs. 77 – 78 fem. genit.) (Penniverpa). Type locality Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus. Holotype female in INPA. New synonym. A re-examination of the holotype female and two paratypes of Penniverpa alvadusta confirmed that the variation in abdominal coloration was conspecific with that observed in the paratype females of P. alvatra. Penniverpa alvadusta is thus synonymized under P. alvatra. As first reviser, I chose P. a l v a t r a as the valid name for this species because the holotype of P. a l v a t r a is a male and would best serve the stability and universality of nomenclature.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFBD433DFF1FF9C6FE25F55F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa alvatra is similar to P. dives in having the tibiae concolorous with the femora; the gonocoxite lacking dark reddish brown macrosetae (Fig. 1); in having setae continuous across the posterior margin of sternite 8 (Fig. 1); the ventral lobe lacking a PVL (Fig. 2); and the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 2) lacking a VMP. It differs from P. dives in having the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 2) with short apical setae and the distiphallus in dorsal view (Fig. 13) with small spines dorsolaterally or a few short dorsal spinous projections. The female differs from P. d i v e s in having white pubescence posterolaterally on tergites 1 – 3 and 5 – 6 (Fig. 78). Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 4) Body length 7.0 – 8.0, 7.3 mm. Head. Length 0.77 – 0.90, 0.86 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray; setae black, elongate. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons with silver pubescence; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, gray pubescense on scape and pedicel, antenna / head length 0.69 – 0.77, 0.74; scape length 0.12 – 0.18, 0.16 mm; width 0.09 – 0.10, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.8, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.5 – 2.0, 1.9, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.0, 1.0, setae dark brown, short; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 0.8 – 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.42, 0.40 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 3.8 – 4.2, 4.0, flagellum / scape length 2.3 – 3.3, 2.7. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.38 – 0.44, 0.41 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length width 5.5 – 7.0, 6.4. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsally; macrosetae dark reddish brown, extending ventrally in single row from lateral end of postocular setae.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFBD433DFF1FF9C6FE25F55F.taxon	description	Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum black, pubescence silver gray, dense; setae white, elongate, erect intermixed with black, short subappressed setae. Pleuron pubescence silver gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale whitish brown, veins brown; pterostigma pale brown; length 5.2 – 6.5, 6.2 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.0, 2.9. Halter dark brown. Legs. Coxa dark brown, pubescence gray, setae white; hindcoxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora dark brown; ventral setae white; av 1: 0: 2 – 3; pv 0: 0: 6 – 7. Tibiae and tarsi dark brown, glossy. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown to black, pubescence silver; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed. Terminalia (MEI 006898). Sternite 8 (Fig. 1), posterior margin broadly emarginate; setae dark brown, continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 1), setae dark brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 2), PVL absent. Gonostylus dorsal view (Fig. 2), LGP oblong, apical macrosetae short, dark brown, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme emarginate anteriorly (Fig. 3); ventral apodeme (Fig. 4), extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 3), broad basally, tapered posteriorly with small apical flange, and large dorsolateral spinous projections absent, ventral view (Fig. 4), AAP elongate with apical spinous projections directed dorsally, lateral view (Fig. 5), sinuate apically. FEMALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.8 – 8.8, 8.0 mm. Head. Length 0.70 – 0.83, 0.79 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae black, short, on dorsal half. Antenna / head length 0.7 – 0.8, 0.8; scape length 0.16 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.7, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 2.3, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11, length / width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.8; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.48, 0.42 mm, width 0.11 – 0.14, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.0 – 4.0, 3.5, flagellum / scape length 2.2 – 2.9, 2.5. Maxillary palpus length 0.30 – 0.44, 0.41 mm, width 0.08 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, length / width 3.8 – 5.5, 5.0; setae dark brown, elongate. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Wing. Length 5.2 – 7.0, 6.3 mm, width 1.8 – 2.0, 1.9 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.5, 3.2. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1: 0: 1 – 4, pv 0: 0: 2 – 5. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, glossy (Fig. 78), tergites 1 – 3, 5 – 6 with white pubescence posterolaterally; dorsal setae dark brown on dark brown areas, white, elongate across posterior margins of tergites 1 – 3. Terminalia (MEI 147855). Furca (Fig. 6) oblong; length 0.74 mm, width 0.30 mm; anterolateral projection short.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFBD433DFF1FF9C6FE25F55F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa alvatra is known from northern Brazil and southern Venezuela (Fig. 89). Habitats and phenology. Specimens of Penniverpa alvatra have been hand-netted or collected in Malaise traps in March, May, July, and August. Specimens examined. Type specimen. The holotype male of Penniverpa alvatra Irwin & Webb (MEI 006898) is labeled “ BRASIL: Roraima, Ilha de Maraca, 2 – 13. III. 1987, J. A. Rafael, J. E. R. Brasil, L. S. Aquino ” [- 2.117, - 56.117] and is in INPA. Other specimens. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS. Manaus [- 3.105, - 60.027], 28. X. 1978, Rafael, J. A., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 6909 (INHS). RORAIMA. Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maraca, [- 2.117, - 56.117], 20 – 30. III. 1987, Aquino, L. S., 3 ɗ MEI 0 0 6899 (INHS), 3 Ψ MEI 0 0 6903, 0 0 6907 (INPA), 0 0 6908 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 2 – 13. V. 1987, Rafael, J. A., Brasil, J. E. R., Aquino, L. S., 4 Ψ MEI 0 0 6900 (USNM), 0 0 6904 (MZSP), 006905 – 6 (INPA); 1 – 4. III. 1988, Rafael, J. A., 2 Ψ MEI 0 0 6901 (INHS), 0 0 6902 (INPA), Malaise trap; Bonfim Ig. Arraia, Warredu [3.0833, - 59.9500], – V – 1991, Rafael, J. A., Rocha, R. A., Vidal, J., 1 ɗ MEI 147879, 1 Ψ 147855 (INPA). RONDONIA. Ouro, Preto do Oeste, Igarapé Mandi [- 10.6667, - 62.3], 06 – 12. VII. 1995, Rafael, J. A., Vidal, J. 1 Ψ MEI 147881 (INPA), Malaise trap. VENEZUELA. AMA- ZONAS. San Carlos de Rio Negro [1.917, - 67.067], 125 m, 19 – 31. VIII. 1976, Salcedo, J., Ag. Fernandez, B., 1 ɗ MEI 121644 (MIZA).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB2433EFF1FFD66FBCBF5B7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for my grandson Bradley Webb McClain.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB2433EFF1FFD66FBCBF5B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa bradleyi is similar to P. epidema and P. unispinosa in lacking setae medially on the posterior margin of sternite 8 (Fig. 7). It differs from P. e p i d e m a in possessing macrosetae along the medial margin of the gonocoxite (Fig. 7), the ventral lobe lacking a PVL (Fig. 8), and the LGP of the gonostylus linear (Fig. 8). It differs from P. unispinosa in having the ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally, in possessing macrosetae along the medial margin of the gonocoxite (Fig. 7), and the PVL of the ventral lobe absent (Fig. 8), and ventral apodeme (Fig. 10) ending beyond the anterior margin of the dorsal apodeme. The females of Penniverpa bradleyi and P. unispinosa are unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB2433EFF1FFD66FBCBF5B7.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 5). Body length 6.8 – 7.5, 7.1 mm. Head. Length 0.82 – 0.90, 0.88 mm. Ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray; antenna / head length 0.7 – 0.8, 0.7; scape length 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.8, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 2.3, 1.9, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.1, 0.9, setae dark brown, short; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.8; flagellum oval, tapered apically, length 0.38 – 0.40, 0.39 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 3.2 – 4.0, 3.5, flagellum / scape length 2.1 – 2.9, 2.4. Parafacial pubescence white. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.36 – 0.42, 0.39 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.08 mm, length / width 4.5 – 6.3, 5.2; setae dark brown, elongate. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsolaterally; macrosetae dark brown, scattered ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum with vittae dark brown separated by dense gray pubescence; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white, appressed setae. Postpronotal setae white. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale brown; veins brown; length 6.1 – 6.3, 6.2 mm, width 2.2 – 2.3, 2.2 mm, length / width 2.7 – 2.9, 2.8; pterostigma pale brown, narrow. Halter brown. Legs. Coxae brown, pubescence silver; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob; setae white. Femora dark brown, pubescence gray; ventral setae brown on fore- and midfemora; av 0 – 1: 0 – 1: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 2 – 5. Tibiae dark yellowish brown grading into brown apically (paler than femora). Tarsi dark brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense on posterior half of tergite 1, over all of tergites 2 – 8; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed forming dense band across posterior margin; lateral setae white. Terminalia (MEI 080264). Sternite 8 (Fig. 7), setae dark brown, separated medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 7), setae dark brown, macrosetae dark brown along medial margin; ventral lobe (Fig. 8), PVL absent. Gonostylus (Fig. 8), LGP oblong, apical macrosetae elongate, dark brown, VMP narrow, apical setae short. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 9), anterior margin emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 10), extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 9), broad basally, tapered posteriorly with large, dorsal spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 10), AAP elongate with large, apical, spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 11), tapered posteriorly in broad curve. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB2433EFF1FFD66FBCBF5B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa bradleyi is known from Mexico (Veracruz) (Fig. 89). Habitats and Phenology. Specimens of Penniverpa bradleyi have been hand-netted in March.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB2433EFF1FFD66FBCBF5B7.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa bradleyi Webb (MEI 080265) is labeled " MEXICO, Veracruz, Actopan, La Mancha, 4 - 8, III- 1995, V. Hernández O. " and is deposited IEXA. PARATYPES. MEXICO. VERACRUZ. [Municipio] Actopan, La Mancha [19.5801, - 96.3825], 4 – 8. III. 1995, Hernández-O. V., 3 ɗ MEI 0 80263 (USNM), 0 80262 (IEXA), 0 80264 (INHS).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB1433FFF1FFD5EFBABF127.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Chersonesos (Greek) = peninsula. This name refers to the peninsula of Baja California, from where the specimens of this species have been collected, and is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB1433FFF1FFD5EFBABF127.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa chersonesa is similar to P. evani and is separated by the distiphallus (Fig. 14) tapered posteriorly, lacking a broad apicolateral flange and the anterior margin of the dorsal apodeme (Fig. 15) being truncate. The female differs from P. evani in having white pubescence (Fig. 79) across the posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3 and 5, and posterolaterally on tergite 6.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB1433FFF1FFD5EFBABF127.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 3). Body length 5.8 – 6.8, 6.4 mm. Head. Length 0.78 – 0.88, 0.82 mm. Ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray; antenna / head length 0.7 – 0.8, 0.8; scape length 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 1.5 – 1.6, 1.5, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.0, 1.9, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.1, 1.0, setae dark brown, short; pedicel length 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7 – 0.8, 0.8; flagellum oval, tapered apically, length 0.40 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 3.6 – 4.0, 3.9, flagellum / scape length 2.5 – 2.9, 2.6. Parafacial pubescence white. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.36 – 0.38, 0.37 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 4.5 – 6.0, 5.1; setae dark brown, elongate. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsolaterally; macrosetae dark brown, extending as single row ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum with vittae dark brown separated by dense gray pubescence; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white, appressed setae. Postpronotal setae whitish yellow. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane hyaline; veins pale brown; length 5.7 – 5.8, 5.7 mm, width 2.0 – 2.2, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.6 – 2.9, 2.8; pterostigma pale brown, narrow. Halter brown. Legs. Coxae brown, pubescence silver; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob; setae white. Femora dark brown, pubescence gray; ventral setae brown on fore – and midfemora; av 0 – 1: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 1 – 2. Tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense on posterior half of tergite 1, over all of tergites 2 – 8; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed forming dense band across posterior margin; lateral setae white. Terminalia (MEI 080264). Sternite 8 (Fig. 12), posterior margin broadly emarginate; setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 12), setae dark brown, macrosetae dark brown across posteromedial margin; ventral lobe (Fig. 13), PVL in form of large, basal, spinous projection. Gonostylus dorsal view (Fig. 13), LGP oblong, apical macrosetae dark brown, VMP narrow, apical macrosetae elongate. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 14), anterior margin emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 15), extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 14), broad basally, tapered posteriorly with several large spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 15), AAP elongate, pointed with apical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 16), tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.2 – 8.0, 7.4 mm. Head. Length 0.78 – 0.92, 0.84 mm. Frons tapered posteriorly, dark reddish brown, dorsal two-thirds with gray pubescence, ventral third with dense white pubescence; setae dark brown, short on dorsal-thirds. Antenna / head length 0.68 – 0.81, 0.77; scape length 0.14 – 0.19, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.8, 1.5, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.4, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.2, 1.0; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7 – 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.43, 0.40 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 3.0 – 4.3, 3.6, flagellum / scape length 2.2 – 2.4, 2.3. Maxillary palpus length 0.34 – 0.40, 0.37 mm, length / width 4.8 – 6.2, 5.5. Occipital macrosetae scattered dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Vittae dark brown, separated by dense gray pubescent stripes; setae dark brown, short, erect intermixed with white erect setae laterally. Wing. Length 4.8 – 6.3, 5.9 mm, width 1.7 – 2.0, 1.8 mm, length / width 2.8 – 3.7, 3.1. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 0 – 1: 0: 0 – 2, pv 0: 0: 1 – 4. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown (Fig. 79), posterior margin on tergites 1 – 3 with narrow fascia of gray pubescence, tergite 5 with broad fascia of gray pubescence, tergite 6 with gray pubescence posterolaterally; dorsal setae dark brown, appressed with band of white appressed setae across posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3; lateral setae dark brown, short. Terminalia (MEI 080265). Furca (Fig. 17) oblong; length 0.64 mm, width 0.22 mm; anterolateral projection short.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB1433FFF1FFD5EFBABF127.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa chersonesa is known from Mexico, Baja California Sur (Fig. 88). Habitats and phenology. Specimens of Penniverpa chersonesa have been hand-netted or collected in Malaise and pan traps during March, April, May, July, October, and November.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB1433FFF1FFD5EFBABF127.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa chersonesa Webb (MEI 078144) is labeled " Mex. Baja Cal. Sur, Las Barracas, 21. IV. 1986, Coll. P. DeBach, pan trap " and is deposited in the CAS (Type No. 18250). PARATYPES. MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR. 4.3 km SE El Valle Perdido [26.863, - 112.443], 549 m, 15 – 16. X. 1968, Sleeper E. L., Moore F. J., 2 Ψ MEI 112012 – 3 (CAS); Las Barracas [23.472, - 109.453], 11. IV. 1985, DeBach P., 1 Ψ MEI 0 78142 (UCR), pan trap; 27. IV. 1985, 1 Ψ MEI 0 78139 (UCR), pan trap; 5. XI. 1985, 2 ɗ MEI 0 78140 (INHS) 0 78141 (UCR), pan trap; 21. IV. 1986, 1 Ψ 0 78143 (CSCA), pan trap; 2. V. 1986, 2 Ψ MEI 0 78137 (INHS), 0 78138 (USNM), pan trap; 4.8 km N San Antonio [23.862, - 110.043], 366 m, 9 – 10. X. 1968, Sleeper E. L., Moore F. J., 1 Ψ MEI 112014 (CAS); 30 km E Santiago, Las Barracas [23.472, - 109.453], 19 – 24. IV. 1982, DeBach P., 1 Ψ MEI 0 88484 (EMEC), Malaise trap; Miraflores [23.35, - 109.75], 8. VII. 1938, Michelbacher, Ross, 1 Ψ MEI 0 88471 (CAS).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB0433AFF1FF9EEFB98F177.taxon	description	The lectotype female of Psilocephala stigmaticalis Schiner (1868: 146) from Venezuela was determined to be conspecific with Penniverpa dives based on the frons covered with gray pubescence; the tibiae dark brown, concolorous with femora; the abdominal cuticle dark reddish brown, with white pubescence continuous across posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3, tergites 4 and 7 glossy, and tergite 5 with white pubescence over entire surface.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB0433AFF1FF9EEFB98F177.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa dives is similar to P. a l v a t r a in having the tibiae concolorous with the tibiae, the gonocoxite lacking dark reddish brown macrosetae (Fig. 18), in having setae continuous across the posterior margin of sternite 8 (Fig. 18), the ventral lobe lacking a PVL (Fig. 19), and the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 19) lacking a VMP. It differs from P. a l v a t r a in having the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 19) with elongate apical macrosetae and the distiphallus in dorsal view (Fig. 20) with several dorsal spinous projections. The female differs from P. a l v a t r a in having white pubescence across the posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3, over the entire dorsum of tergite 5, and posterolaterally on tergite 6 (Fig. 80). Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.8 – 8.0, 7.1 mm. Head. Length 0.74 – 0.94, 0.82 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence silver; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, base of first flagellomere dark yellow; antenna / head length 0.69 – 0.80, 0.76; scape length 0.12 – 0.20, 0.15 mm, width 0.09 – 0.10, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.3 – 2.0, 1.5, scape / pedicel length 1.5 – 2.0, 1.9, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.0, 1.0, setae dark brown, short; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.8; flagellum length 0.37 – 0.42, 0.39 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 3.7 – 4.2, 3.9, flagellum / scape length 2.0 – 3.1, 2.6. Maxillary palpus dark reddish brown; length 0.28 – 0.44, 0.36 mm, length / width 5.3 – 7.3, 6.2; setae black. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, absent medially on dorsal half; macrosetae dark reddish brown in single row extending ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB0433AFF1FF9EEFB98F177.taxon	description	Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 – 2 sc. Mesonotum dull brownish gray; vittae appear as dull black bands; setae black, short, erect intermixed with white, lanceolate, appressed setae. Postpronotal setae white. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale smoky brown; veins brown; length 5.2 – 6.5, 5.8 mm, width 1.8 – 2.2, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.2, 3.0; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter dark brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora dark brown, pubescence white; ventral setae black on fore – and midfemora, dorsal setae white; av 1: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 2 – 4. Tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, pubescence silver gray; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed forming dense band across posterior margin of tergites, lateral setae white erect. Terminalia (MEI 121644). Dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 18), setae dark reddish brown, continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 18), setae dark reddish brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 19), PVL absent. Gonostylus (Fig. 19), LGP oblong, apical macrosetae elongate, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 20), anterior margin emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 21), extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 20), narrow basally with short dorsal spinous projections and a small apicolateral flange, lateral view (Fig. 22), sinuate, AAP with apical spinous projections. FEMALE. Variation (n = 10). Similar to male except for following. Body length 7.5 – 8.8, 8.0 mm. Head. Length 0.74 – 0.94, 0.85 mm. Frons pubescence gray becoming slightly darker dorsally; setae dark brown, short on dorsal half. Antenna / head length 0.7 – 0.9, 0.8; scape length 0.16 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.7, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 2.3, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 0.8 – 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.44, 0.43 mm, width 0.11 – 0.14, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.1 – 4.0, 3.6, flagellum / scape length 2.3 – 2.9, 2.5. Maxillary palpus length 0.32 – 0.44, 0.41 mm, length / width 3.8 – 5.5, 5.0. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Vittae dark brown, separated by dense gray pubescent stripes; setae dark brown to black, subappressed on mesonotum. Wing. Length 5.2 – 7.0, 6.3 mm, width 1.8 – 2.0, 1.9 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.5, 3.2. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 0: 1 – 2: 1 – 5, pv 0 – 1: 0 – 1: 2 – 3. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown to black (Fig. 80), pubescence silver gray across posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3, over entire surface of tergite 5, and in broad lateral area on tergite 6; dorsal setae dark brown, elongate, appressed on brown areas with white, appressed setae across posterior margin on tergites 1 – 2, short, erect on tergites 4 – 8. Terminalia (MEI 147855). Furca (Fig. 23), length 0.78 mm, width 0.28 mm; anterolateral projection short.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB0433AFF1FF9EEFB98F177.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa dives is known from northern Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad, and Venezuela (Fig. 89). Habitats and phenology. Specimens of Penniverpa dives have been hand-netted or collected in Malaise traps in January, April, May, and July.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB0433AFF1FF9EEFB98F177.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimen. Four syntype males of Psilocephala dives Schiner were examined: each labeled “ Lindig´ 1864 Venezuela ” printed on white paper; second label “ dives ” handwritten, ” Alte Sammlung ” printed on white paper. A THEREVIDAE M. E. Irwin Specimen # printed on yellow paper has been added to each specimen (MEI 170163, 170164, 170165, and 1070166). The male (MEI 170163) is designated as the lectotype (NHW). This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of Psilocephala dives and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The other males labeled MEI 170164, 170165, and 1070166 are designated as paralectotypes (NHW). The lectotype male of Bibio senilis Fabricius is in ZMUC. The lectotype female of Psilocephala stigmaticalis Schiner is in NMW (MEI 084125). The holotype female of Psilocephala quadrimaculata Kröber is in NMW (MEI 084125) (= LT female of Psilocephala stigmaticalis Schiner). Other specimens. BRAZIL. AMAPA. 40 km W Monte Dourado [- 0.863, - 52.879], 6. I. 1981, Krell R., 1 ɗ MEI 136894, 1 Ψ 136926 (UGCA) Malaise trap. GUYANA. Kartabo [6.4, - 58.6168], 1 ɗ MEI 1342111 (AMNH). Trinidad. Manzanilla [10.517, - 61.059], 29. VII. 1964, 2 ɗ MEI 0 88502, 141444, 1 Ψ 0 88501 (CNC). VENEZUELA. ARAGUA. El Limon [9.93, - 67.02], 480 m, 24. IV. 1973, Rosales C. J., 1 Ψ MEI 121647 (INHS), Malaise trap; 13. V. 1973, 1 Ψ MEI 121646 (INHS), Malaise trap; 29. V. 1976, Fernandez, Y. F., 1 ɗ MEI 121645, (MIZA); Ocumare [de la Costa] [10.4533, - 67.7681], 17. IV. 1972, 1 ɗ MEI 147355 (USNM); Boca de Río, E. Aragua [10.25, - 67.65], 13. IV. 1948, F. Fernandez, 2 ɗ MEI 170057 – 8 (UCV).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB54325FF1FF91EFE03F177.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Epidemos (Greek) = prevalent, common to a large number. This name is used as an adjective.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB54325FF1FF91EFE03F177.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa epidema is similar to P. bradleyi and P. unispinosa in having setae absent medially on the posterior margin of sternite 8 (Fig. 24). It differs from these species in lacking dark macrosetae on the gonocoxite (Fig. 24), the PVL of the ventral lobe present as a basal, narrow, spinous projection (Fig. 25), and the LGP of the gonostylus being sigmoid in shape (Fig. 25). The female of Penniverpa epidema possesses abdominal pubescence as in Figure 81; the females of Penniverpa bradleyi and P. unispinosa are unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB54325FF1FF91EFE03F177.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.2 – 8.4, 7.1 mm. Head. Length 0.72 – 0.98, 0.84 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense becoming grayish black dorsally; setae absent. Antenna dark reddish brown, basal half of first flagellomere yellowish brown, scape pubescence silver, dense; antenna / head length 0.6 – 0.9, 0.7; scape length 0.13 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.2 – 1.8, 1.4, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 2.3, 1.8, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.3, 1.0, setae dark reddish brown, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7 – 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.44, 0.39 mm, width 0.09 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 3.3 – 4.2, 3.7, flagellum / scape length 2.1 – 3.1, 2.6. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.32 – 0.40, 0.37 mm, length / width 4.5 – 6.3, 5.6; setae dark reddish brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, elongate, sparse dorsally; macrosetae extending in single row ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum pubescence silver gray, dense; vittae indistinct; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale smoky brown; veins brown; length 5.3 – 6.5, 6.0 mm, width 1.9 – 2.3, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.5 – 3.1, 2.8; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter pale brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora reddish brown; ventral setae white on fore – and midfemora, white dorsally; av 1: 0: 1, pv 0: 0: 2 – 6. Tibiae and tarsi dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white across posterior margin of tergite 1 and over all of tergites 2 – 7; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, dense across posterior margins. Terminalia (MEI 075160). Dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 24), setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 24), setae dark brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 25), PVL in form of large, basal, spinous projection. Gonostylus (Fig. 25), LGP with distinctive sigmoid shape, apical macrosetae black, coarse, VMP elongate, apical setae dark yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 26), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 27), extending to anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 26) tapered posterior with dorsal spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 27) AAP narrow, curved posteriorly with apical and subapical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 28), tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.8 – 8.0, 7.3 mm. Head. Length 0.74 – 0.90, 0.85 mm. Frons pubescence dark brown, silver gray ventrally; setae dark brown, short on dorsal half. Antenna / head length 0.71 – 0.86, 0.77; scape length 0.14 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.4 – 1.8, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.7 – 2.3, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 0.8 – 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.44, 0.40 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.2 – 3.8, 3.5, flagellum / scape length 2.1 – 2.7, 2.4. Maxillary palpus length 0.32 – 0.40, 0.37 mm, length / width 4.8 – 6.3, 5.5; setae dark brown, pale yellow apically. Occipital macrosetae scattered. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Wing. Length 5.3 – 6.2, 5.9 mm, width 1.7 – 2.0, 1.8 mm, length / width 2.8 – 3.8, 3.2. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1 – 2: 0 – 3: 1 – 5, pv 0: 0: 1.9. Abdomen. Reddish brown (Fig. 81), pubescence white, dense on posterolaterally on tergites 1 – 3, dense over all of tergites 5 – 7; dorsal setae pale whitish yellow. Terminalia (MEI 156067). Furca (Fig. 29) oblong; length 0.78 mm, width 0.30 mm; anterolateral projection short.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB54325FF1FF91EFE03F177.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa epidema is known from Mexico south to Panama (Fig. 88). Habitats and Phenology. Penniverpa epidema has been hand-netted on coastal dunes, along the forest edge on beaches or collected in black light and Malaise traps during each month of the year.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFB54325FF1FF91EFE03F177.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa epidema Webb (MEI 007609) is labeled “ COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, 10 km W San Miguel, 22. II. 1991, malaise trap, M. E. Irwin, D. W. Webb “ and is deposited in the INHS. PARATYPES. BELIZE. Ambergris Caye [17.9167, - 87.95], Journeys End Caribbean Club, 10 – 17. I. 1990, Welch J. L., Kondratieff B. C., 1 Ψ MEI 0 75510 (CSUC); San Pedro, Ambergris Cay [17.921, - 87.959], 0 – 10 m, –. VIII. 1980, Krauss, N. L. H., 2 ɗ MEI 0 76034, 0 76036 (AMNH). COSTA RICA. G UANACASTE. Estacion Biologica Nancite [10.8, - 85.7], 0 m, –. VII. 1990, Alcazar, E., 1 Ψ INB 270758 (INBC); S Cañas [10.43, - 85.1], 1 – 3. II. 1989, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 170147 (EMUS); 1 – 5. III. 1989, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 170148 (EMUS); 7. V – 10. V. 1989, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 170149 (EMUS); Parque Manuel Antonio Quepos [9.45, - 84.15], 0 m, 8. III. 1986, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88498 (MEIC), coastal dunes; Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Liberia, Stor Santa Rosa [10.84, - 85.62], 300 m, –. XII. 1998, Sullivan J., Perez A. A., 1 Ψ INB 3070332 (INBC), Malaise trap, bosque humedo; –. I. 1999, 1 Ψ INB 3067188 (INBC); –. II. 1999, 2 Ψ INB 3073711, 3073834 (INBC); –. III. 1999, 7 Ψ INB 3071457, 3071461 – 2, 3071849, 3071851, 3071863, 3071866 (INBC); –. IV. 1999, 5 Ψ INB 3074261 – 3, 3074265, 3074283 (INBC); –. XII. 1999, Janzen, 1 Ψ INB 3066958 (INBC); –. I. 1999, Sullivan J., Perez A. A., 3 Ψ INB 3070932, 3070972, 3071055 (INBC), Malaise trap; –. III. 1999, 1 Ψ INB 3068961 (INBC), Malaise trap; Caldera [9.95, - 84.716], 20. II. 1991, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 7608 (INHS); 10 km W San Miguel [10.4, - 85.04], 22. II. 1991, Irwin, M. E., Webb D. W., 5 ɗ MEI 007609 – 13 (INHS), Malaise trap; 23. II. 1991, Webb D. W., Irwin, M. E., 2 ɗ MEI 0 0 7606, 0 0 7614 (INHS), Malaise trap; 25. II. 1991, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 141484 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 26. II. 1991, 1 ɗ MEI 141513 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 2. III. 1991, 3 Ψ MEI 141483, 141516, 141559 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 8. III. 1991, 1 Ψ MEI 0 35037 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 10. III. 1991, 1 ɗ MEI 141445 (EMUS); 14 – 17. III. 1991, 2 ɗ MEI 141589, 141618 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 18. III. 1991, 1 ɗ MEI 141615 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 17. IV. 1991, 1 Ψ MEI 141551 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 13 – 20. V. 1991, 1 Ψ MEI 0 35036 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 14 km S Cañas [10.304, - 85.1], 1 – 11. I. 1990, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 0 37012 (MEIC); 19 – 28. II. 1990, 1 ɗ MEI 141795 (EMUS); 23 – 26. II. 1990, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 170134 (EMUS); 23 – 28. II. 1990, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 170135 (EMUS); 8 – 15. III. 1990, 1 ɗ MEI 0 75160 (EMUS); 22 – 31. III. 1990, 1 ɗ MEI 0 75148, 2 Ψ MEI 0 72857, 0 75147 (EMUS); 23 – 31. III. 1990, 1 Ψ MEI 0 75150 (EMUS); 1 – 7. IV. 1990, Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ; MEI 170146 (EMUS); 16 – 23. IV. 1990, 1 Ψ MEI 141785 (EMUS); 22 – 31. V. 1990, 2 ɗ MEI 075145 – 6 (MEIC); 20. I – 12. II. 1991, Parker, F. D., 1 Ψ MEI 170133 (EMUS); 11 – 20. VIII. 1991, 1 ɗ MEI 141804 (EMUS); Tamarindo [10.433, - 85.267], 6. XI. 1977, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88483 (MEIC); 27 – 29. III. 1987, Steiner, W. E., Hill, J. M., 1 Ψ MEI 116842 (USNM), Malaise trap; 9 km SW; Cañas [10.373, - 85.157], 13. V. 1987, Rubink, W. L., 1 Ψ MEI 170136 (MEIC); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Playa Naranjo [10.78, - 85.67], 0 m, –. XII. 1990, Alcazar, E., 1 ɗ INB 639207 (INBC); 11. VI. 2001, Briceno D., 4 ɗ INB 3332833, 3332846, 3332848, 3332850, 3 Ψ 3332835, 3332840 – 1 (INBC), forest edge on beach. P UNTARENAS. Reserva Biologica Carara, North Rio Grande del Tarcoles, 1500 m, 14. II. 1989, Grimaldi, D., DeVries, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88223 (AMNH); Boca de Barranca [9.967, - 84.733], 12 – 14. VI. 1972, Hogue, Dockweiler, 1 ɗ MEI 141617 (LACM); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Estación Sirena, Sendaro Corcovado [8.48, - 83.59], 10 m, 21. III – 21. IV. 1992, Fuetes, Z., 3 Ψ INB 886084, 886086, 886123 (INBC); 27. IV. 2001, Caballero, K., 1 ɗ INB 3327588, 1 Ψ 3327587 (INBC); Puerto Jimenez, Osa Peninsula [8.533, - 83.317], 10 m, –. III. 1992, Hanson, P., 1 ɗ; MEI 123801 (CNC); North Rio Grande del Tarcoles, 1500 m, 14. II. 1989, Grimaldi, D., DeVries, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88223 (AMNH). GUATEMALA. Z ACAPA. 2 km N San Agostín, Tenexte [14.939, - 89.981], 400 m, 25 – 30. V. 1997, Irwin, M. E., Gaimari S. D., Metz M. A., Holston K. C., Winterton S. L., 2 ɗ MEI 110467 – 8 (MEIC). HONDURAS. ISLAS de la BAHIA. [Roatan], Isla Roatan [16.335, - 86.521], 12. II. 1979, Bohart, G. E., 1 ɗ MEI 170150 (EMUS). MEXICO. Nacazara, 25. VII. 1907, 1 ɗ OSU 0 0 11352 (OSU). GUERRERO. Acapulco [16.85, - 99.917], 27. XII. 1979, Butze J., 1 Ψ MEI 0 87776 (UNAM). JALISCO. 62.5 km S Puerto Vallarta [20.038, - 105.24], 9. VII. 1982, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88509 (SDMC); Chamela, Estacion de Biologia Chamela [19.61, - 105.05], 4. X. 1985, collector?, 1 Ψ; MEI 170143 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 15. VII. 1986, Sánchez, M., 1 Ψ MEI 170142 (EMUS); 4 – 5. VII. 1993, Wharton, Sharkey, 5 Ψ MEI 103338 – 42 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 9. IV. 1985, Ayala, R., 1 ɗ MEI 103317 (EBCC); 3. VI. 1988, Ramírez E., 1 Ψ MEI 103332 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 11. VI. 1988, 2 Ψ MEI 103335 – 6 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 6. VII. 1988, 1 ɗ MEI 103318, 1 Ψ MEI 103331 (EBCC); 19. X. 1988, 1 Ψ MEI 103334 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 9. I. 1989, 1 Ψ MEI 103330 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 5. VI. 1989, 1 Ψ MEI 103328 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 3. VII. 1989, 3 Ψ MEI 103324 – 5, 103327 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 17. VII. 1989, 3 Ψ MEI 103326, 103329, 103333 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 22 – 27. VII. 1994, Mercado I., 1 ɗ MEI 103319, 1 Ψ 103337 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 13. IX. 1985, Usela R. A., 1 ɗ MEI 103321 (EBCC); 10. X. 1985, 1 Ψ MEI 103323 (EBCC); 10. VIII. 1986, 1 ɗ MEI 103316 (EBCC); La Manzanilla [19.27, - 104.78], 24. X. 1992, Ramírez E., 1 Ψ MEI 103343 (EBCC); Careyes [19.433, - 105.033], 12. II – 19. III. 1997, Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ MEI 101152, 1 Ψ 101341 (EMUS); Puerto Vallarta [20.604, - 105.236], 25. I. 1984, Bohart, G. E., 1 ɗ MEI 170141, 1 Ψ 170140 (EMUS). M ORELOS. 11.8 km S Yautepec [18.764, - 99.07], 16. VIII. 1962, Marston N., 2 ɗ MEI 0 88459, 0 88476 (KSUC); 17. VIII. 1962, 2 ɗ MEI 0 88475, 0 88477 (KSUC). NAYARIT. 8.1 km S Acaponeta [22.427, - 105.37], 26. XI. 1948, 1 ɗ MEI 156073 (MEIC); San Blas, La Bajada [21.5, - 105.15], 20 – 21. III. 1983, Hanson, W. J., 2 ɗ MEI 170138 – 9, 1 Ψ MEI 170137 (EMUS). S INALOA. 86.9 km S Culiacán [24.019, - 107.4], 165 m, 23. IV. 1969, Irwin, M. E., 4 ɗ MEI 088465 – 6, 088473 – 4 (MEIC); Los Mayos, Baviri Playa [24.37, - 107.47], 24. VII. 1952, Lattin J. D., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88469 (MEIC); Mazatlán [23.21, - 106.42], 2. XII. 1984, Bohart, G. E., 2 ɗ MEI 170144 – 5; 3. XI. 1991, 1 ɗ MEI 141815 (EMUS). SONORA. Alamos [27.02, - 108.94], 23. II. 1963, Arnaud, Jr., P. H., 2 Ψ MEI 156066, 156068 (CAS); 24. II. 1963, 2 Ψ; MEI 156064 – 5 (CAS); 25. II. 1963, 1 Ψ MEI 156062 (CAS); 26. II. 1963, 2 ɗ MEI 156070 – 1, 3 Ψ 156076, 156078 – 9 (CAS); 27. II. 1963, 2 ɗ MEI 156063, 156069, 1 Ψ 156077 (CAS). TAMAULIPAS. 19.3 km N Ciudad Victoria [23.914, - 99.14], 19. VII. 1954, collector?, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88461 (SEMC). VERACRUZ. Veracruz [19.19, - 96.14], 28. VII – 11. VIII. 1956, Dreisbach R., Dreisbach K., 1 Ψ MEI 134923 (MSUC); –. XII. 1960, Krauss, N. L. H., 1 ɗ MEI 170056 (USNM); –. XII. 1961, Krauss N. L. H., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88463 (USNM); 29. IV. 1962, Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88467 (EMUS); –. VII. 1965, Krauss, N. L. H., 1 ɗ MEI 170055 (USNM); 4.8 km N Cardel, Rio Arctopan [19.413, - 96.37], 30. X. 1982, González, Huber, 1 ɗ MEI 0 72536 (CSCA). NICARAGUA. C HINANDEGA. Corinto [12.48, - 87.18], –. VIII. 1945, Crowell H. H., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88485 (MEIC), light trap. L EON. León [12.43, - 86.89], –. II. 1991, Garcete B., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88222 (SEAN); 27. I. 1993, Pogatshnik M., 2 ɗ MEI 137658, 137671 (MEIC), ultraviolet light; 10. II. 1993, 1 ɗ MEI 137662 (MEIC), ultraviolet light; 17. II. 1993, 1 ɗ MEI 137672 (MEIC), ultraviolet light. PANAMA. Bella Vista [8.9667, - 79.5333], 7. VIII. 1924, Banks N., 6 ɗ MEI 088513 – 8 (MCZ); 8. VIII. 1924, Banks N., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88478 (MCZ). CHIRIQUI. Las Lajas, Chiriqui Playa [8.25, - 81.8667], 15. VIII. 1975, Fisher E. M., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88482 (UCR). PANAMA. Canal Zone, Fort Kobbe [8.896, - 79.583], 9. VI. 1959, Hanson, W. J., 1 ɗ MEI 116841 (EMUS); Canal Zone, Kobbe Beach [8.896, - 79.576], –. VII. 1967, Wirth, W. W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90418 (USNM). Other specimens examined: MEXICO. JALISCO. Careyes [19.433, - 105.033], 12. II – 19. III. 1997, Parker, F. D., 53 ɗ MEI 101155, 101303, 101336 – 8, 101346, 101348 – 9, 101361, 101381, 101389 – 90, 101408, 101421 – 2, 101431, 101438 – 40, 101443 – 4, 101446 – 7, 101449 – 50, 101452, 101456 – 61, 101465, 101468, 101473 – 4, 101476 – 8, 101480, 101483, 101488, 101490, 101492 – 3, 101598, 101603, 101606, 101608, 101616, 121553 – 5, 51 Ψ 101371, 101382, 101386 – 8, 101391, 101406 – 7, 101415, 101429 – 30, 101432 – 5, 101437, 101442, 101445, 101448, 101451, 101453 – 5, 101462 – 4, 101466 – 7, 101469 – 72, 101475, 101479, 101481 – 2, 101484 – 5, 101487, 101489, 101491, 101494, 101591, 101595, 101597, 101605, 101609 – 10, 101617 – 8, 121156 (EMUS).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAA4320FF1FF91EFD14F417.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for my grandson Evan Michael Webb Wettstone.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAA4320FF1FF91EFD14F417.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa evani is similar to P. chersonesa and is separated from P. chersonesa by the distiphallus in dorsal view (Fig. 32) with a broad apicolateral flange and the anterior margin of the dorsal apodeme (Fig. 32) emarginate. The female differs from P. chersonesa in having white pubescence (Fig. 82) posterolaterally on tergites 1 – 3 and 5 – 6 and the furca lacking an anterolateral projection.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAA4320FF1FF91EFD14F417.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.5 – 6.7, 6.1 mm. Head. Length 0.70 – 0.86, 0.80 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark brown; setae dark brown, short. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae absent. Antenna with scape dark brown, pubescence gray, dense on scape, antenna / head length 0.71 – 0.80, 0.76; scape length 0.12 – 0.14, 0.14 mm, width 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.2 – 1.4, 1.4, scape / pedicel length 1.5 – 1.8, 1.7, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 1.2, 1.0, setae dark brown, short; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, width 0.09 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.8; flagellum length 0.34 – 0.42, 0.39 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 3.0 – 4.2, 3.7, flagellum / scape length 2.4 – 3.3, 2.9. Maxillary palpus pale brown; length 0.32 – 0.44, 0.37 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.06 mm, length / width 4.3 – 7.3, 6.1; setae dark brown, elongate. Genal setae white, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate, absent on dorsal half; macrosetae dark reddish brown in single row extending ventrally from lateral end of postocular setae. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum brownish gray; vittae dull brown with pubescence gray, often indistinguishable; setae short black, erect to suberect intermixed with white, lanceolate, appressed setae. Pleura with dense gray pubescence, pubescence lighter on anterior fourth of anepimeron; setae white, on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale brown; veins brown; length 4.7 – 6.2, 5.7 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.6 – 2.9, 2.8 times longer than wide; pterostigma indistinguishable. Halter stalk dark brown, knob yellow. Legs. Coxae dark reddish brown, pubescence white; setae white. Femora dark reddish brown; ventral setae white on fore – and middle femora; av 1 – 2: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 3 – 7. Tibiae and tarsi brown. Abdomen. Orange brown, pubescence white; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed forming dense band across posterior margin, lateral setae white. Terminalia (MEI 088437). Dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 30), setae dark brown, continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 30), setae dark brown, macrosetae dark brown across posterior margin; ventral lobe (Fig. 31), PVL in form of narrow, basal, spinous projection. Gonostylus (Fig. 31), LGP sinuate, apical macrosetae elongate, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 32), anterior margin truncate emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 33), extending slightly beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 32) tapered posteriorly with broad apicolateral flange, ventral view (Fig. 33) AAP sinuate with apical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig 34) tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Variation (n = 3). Body length 7.3 – 8.0, 7.7 mm. Head. Length 0.88 – 0.90, 0.89 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae dark brown, short on dorsal half. Antenna with scape dark brown, pubescence gray, dense on scape, antenna / head length 0.76 – 0.83, 0.79; scape length 0.14 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.4 – 1.8, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.0, 1.9, scape / flagellum 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; flagellum length 0.42 – 0.48, 0.45 mm, width 0.11 – 0.12, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.5 – 4.4, 3.9, flagellum / scape length 2.3 – 3.3, 2.8. Maxillary palpus length 0.40 – 0.46, 0.43 mm, width 0.08 mm, length / width 5.0 – 5.8, 5.4. Postocular macrosetae scattered. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Wing. Length 6.0 – 6.3, 6.2 mm, width 2.0 – 2.2, 2.1 mm length / width 2.9 – 3.1, 3.0. Halter dark brown. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1 – 2: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 3 – 6. Abdomen. Reddish brown (Fig. 82), pubescence white posterolaterally on tergite 1 – 3 and 5 – 6; dorsal setae dark brown short, appressed on reddish brown areas, white, elongate appressed across posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3. Terminalia (MEI 088479). Furca (Fig. 35), posterior margin emarginate; length 0.50 mm, width 0.23 mm; anterolateral projection absent.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAA4320FF1FF91EFD14F417.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa evani is known from Ecuador, El Salvador and Panama (Fig. 89) Habitats and phenology. Penniverpa evani has been collected in January, March, April, May, October, and November.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAA4320FF1FF91EFD14F417.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa evani Webb is labeled “ ECUA- DOR: Guayas, Boliche, 25 – X – 1979, M. E. Irwin ” (MEI 088429) and is deposited in the CAS (Type No. 18251). PARATYPES. ECUADOR. EL ORO. Canton de Machala, Machala [- 3.267, - 79.967], 16. IV. 1977, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 141819 (INHS), soybean. GUAYAS. 43.5 km N Santa Elena [- 1.9, - 80.72], 30. I. 1955, Schlinger, E. I., Ross, E. S., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88493 (CAS); Boliche [- 2.33, - 79.64], 25. X. 1979, Irwin, M. E., 8 ɗ MEI 0 88428, 088430 – 31, 088433 – 7 (MEIC), Malaise trap; NE Santa Elena, San Pablo [- 2.149, - 80.784], 1. III. 1965, L. Peña, 1 ɗ MEI 141568 (CNC); near Santa Elena, El Azucar [- 2.25, - 80.583], 10 m, 12. IV. 1977, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 141806 (INHS). LOJA. 45 km SSE Portovelo, Rio Yaguachi [- 4.094, - 79.465], 1080 m, 4. XI. 1987, Davidson, R., Rawlins, J. E., Young, C. W., 2 ɗ MEI 088510 – 1 (CMNH). LOS RIOS. near Quevedo, Pichilingue [- 1.101, - 79.483], 12. XI. 1981, Irwin, M. E., 1 Ψ MEI 0 34757 (INHS); Pichilingue [- 1.101, - 79.483], 19. X. 1956, Portman, R. W., 1 Ψ MEI 0 79592 (WFBM). MANABI. Chone [- 0.6833, - 80.1], 9. I. 1978, Mathis, W. N., 1 ɗ MEI 170160 (USNM); Portoveijo [- 1.06, - 80.46], 17. X. 1856, Portman, R. W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 79589, 1 Ψ 0 79590 (WFBM); Puerto Viejo [Portoviejo], Quevedo Road [- 1.05, - 80.45], 400 m, 13. IV. 1965, Peña, L. E., 1 Ψ MEI 141522 (CNC). EL SALVADOR. LA LIBERTAD. Quezaltepeque [13.83, - 89.28], 20. X. 1976, Irwin, M. E., Quezada, J. R., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88449 (INHS). PANAMA. PANAMA. La Chorera [8.8803, - 79.7833], 22. V. 1912, Busck, A., 3 ɗ MEI 088479 – 81 (USNM); Canal Zone, Ancon [8.968, - 73.551], 3. IV. 1926, Greene, C. T., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88512 (USNM).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAF4328FF1FFC3EFC3EF067.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa festina is similar to P. i n s u l a r and is separated from P. i n s u l a r by having the tarsi dark brown, the PVL being present in the form of a narrow, basal spinous projection on the ventral lobe (Fig. 39), the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 39) with numerous, distinctive, thick, black macrosetae apically and the VMP positioned mediolaterally and shorter than the length of the LGP. The female of P. f e s t i n a is separated from P. i n s u l a r in having white pubescence (Fig. 83) across the posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3 and posterolaterally on tergites 5 – 6; furca (Fig. 43) oblong, sides constricted. Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.1 – 6.8, 6.1 mm. Head. Length 0.70 – 0.90, 0.78 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense (occasionally dorsal half black in narrow dorsolateral triangle separated medially); setae absent. Antenna dark brown, pubescence on scape and pedicel gray (occasionally pedicel and first flagellomere dark yellow); antenna / head length 0.67 – 0.81, 0.74; scape length 0.13 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 1.3 – 2.0, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.5 – 2.0, 1.8, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 0.9, 0.9, setae black, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.9; flagellum length 0.30 – 0.40, 0.36 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.11 mm, length / width 3.0 – 3.6, 3.4, flagellum / scape length 2.3 – 2.9, 2.5. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.28 – 0.38, 0.32 mm, length / width 3.2 – 6.3, 5.2; setae dark brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, absent dorsomedially; macrosetae in single row extending ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAF4328FF1FFC3EFC3EF067.taxon	description	Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum brownish gray; vittae dark brown, pubescence gray (occasionally vittae indistinguishable); setae black, short, erect to suberect intermixed with white, lanceolate, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale smoky brown; veins brown; length 4.8 – 5.6, 5.2 mm, width 1.5 – 2.0, 1.8 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.2, 2.9, pterostigma pale brown, narrow. Halter pale brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral and dorsal setae white; av 0 – 1: 0: 1, pv 0: 0: 2 – 6. Tibiae dark yellow to pale brown, apex occasionally darker. Tarsi pale brown to brown. Abdomen. Tergite 1 dark brown, pubescence white, dense posteriorly; tergite 2 dull orange with dark brown anteromedial area, pubescence white, dense; tergites 3 – 8 dull orange, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, denser across posterior margins. Terminalia (MEI 128494). Dark brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 36), posterior margin deeply emarginate; setae yellow with scattered dark reddish brown setae. Sternite 8 (Fig. 37), setae dark reddish brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 36), setae dark reddish brown, thicker than setae on tergite 8. Cercus (Fig. 36), ending basal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 36), posterior margin rounded, ending distal to apex of cercus. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 37), setae dark reddish brown with scattered dark reddish brown macrosetae; lateral view (Fig. 38) globular with elongate inner gonocoxal process; ventral lobe (Fig. 39), PVL in form of short, basal, spinous projection. Gonostylus (Fig. 39), LGP oblong, apical macrosetae black, coarse, VMP elongate. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 40), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 41) ending at anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 40) constricted basally, elongate, oval, tapered posteriorly with spinous dorsal projections, ventral view (Fig. 41) AAP with apical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 42), extended posteriorly or as a broad curve ventrally. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.5 – 8.0, 7.3 mm. Head. Length 0.76 – 0.92, 0.83 mm. Frons pubescence white; setae dark brown, short on dorsal two-thirds of frons. Antenna / head length 0.69 – 0.85, 0.76; scape length 0.14 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.5 – 1.8, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.4, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7 – 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.34 – 0.42, 0.37 mm, width 0.11 – 0.12, 0.12 mm, length / width 2.8 – 3.5, 3.2, flagellum / scape length 2.0 – 2.4, 2.2. Maxillary palpus length 0.34 – 0.50, 0.38 mm, length / width 4.8 – 8.3, 6.1. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Wing. Length 5.3 – 6.3, 5.8 mm, width 1.8 - 2.2, 1.9 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.2, 3.0. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 0 – 3: 0: 0 – 3, pv 0: 0: 3 – 6. Abdomen. Tergites 1 – 3 dark brown, glossy (Fig. 83), posterior fourth orange brown, narrower medially, pubescence white across posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3, tergite 4 orange brown, glossy, tergites 5 – 8 brown, pubescence white posterolaterally on tergites 5 – 7; dorsal setae dark brown, appressed on brown areas of tergites 1 – 3, white, appressed on orange brown areas of tergites 1 – 3; short, erect, dark brown on tergites 4 – 8. Terminalia (MEI 127476). Furca (Fig. 43), length 0.36 mm, width 0.13 mm; anterolateral projection short.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAF4328FF1FFC3EFC3EF067.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa festina is distributed from Florida west to Arizona (Fig. 88), Habitats and phenology. Penniverpa festina has been collected in bald cypress swamps, hardwood hammocks, coastal dunes, and gopher tortoise burrows; on a variety of plants (Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop, Bidens [leucantha var.] pilosa (L.) Griseb., Citrus paradisi Macfad., C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Eugenia uniflora L., and Virbirnum sp.); by sweeping water hyacinth; at black lights and fluorescent lights; and in fruit fly, Malaise, McPhail, Steiner, and yellow pan traps in all months of the year except February.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFAF4328FF1FFC3EFC3EF067.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. Two syntype males of Psilocephala festina Coquillett in the MCZ were examined: a male labeled “ St. Augustine, Fla. ” printed on white paper; second label “ Holotype No ” printed on red paper; third label ” Type 7568 ” printed on red paper; fourth label “ Collection C. W. Johnson ” printed on white label. A THEREVIDAE M. E. Irwin Specimen # 140538 label printed on yellow paper has been added to this specimen. A female labeled “ St. Augustine, Fla. ” printed on white paper; second label “ Allotype No ” printed on red paper; third label “ Collection C. W. Johnson ” printed on white label. A THER- EVIDAE M. E. Irwin Specimen # 140539 label printed on yellow paper has been added to this specimen. The male (MEI 140538) is designated as the lectotype (MCZ). This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of Psilocephala festina and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The female labeled MEI 140539 is designated as a paralectotype (MCZ). Other specimens. UNITED STATES. ARI- ZONA. Coconino County. Oak Creek Canyon [34.913, - 111.726], 1829 m, –. VIII. –, Snow, F. H., 1 ɗ MEI 0 80346 (SEMC). Graham County. Safford [32.834, - 109.707], 14. VII. 1914, Holt, E. G., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90384 (MEIC). Pima County. Tucson [32.222, - 110.926], 12. VII. 1937, Knull, D. J. Knull, J. N., 1 Ψ OSU 0 0 11344 (OSU). Santa Cruz County. 8.1 km S Patagonia, Patagonia Creek [31.467, - 110.756], 27. VI. 1961, Santana, F. J., 4 ɗ MEI 128605 – 7, 128611 (FSCA), black light. FLORIDA. Avalon, 25. II. 1948, Barger, 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3659 (FSCA), at Citrus sinensis; San Lando, 25. V. 1926, Cole, F. R., 1 ɗ MEI 162949 (EMEC); 26. V. 1926, Cole, F. R., 1 ɗ MEI 162950 (EMEC); Sand Lake, 28. VI. 1948, Link, O. D., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3658 (FSCA). Alachua County. Austin Carey [Cary] Memorial Forest; [29.767, - 82.199], 1 – 15. IV. 1976, Fairchild, G. B., 1 Ψ MEI 162618 (FSCA), flight trap; Gainesville [29.651, - 82.325], 17 – 23. X. 1993, Reinert, J. F., 1 Ψ MEI 128146 – 7 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 17. VI. 1924, Walker, F. W., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3714 (FSCA); –. IV. 1954, Hetrick, L. A., 1 Ψ MEI 162875 (FSCA); –. V. 1954, 1 Ψ MEI 162876 (FSCA); – 10. XII. 1955, Patton, C. N., 1 Ψ MEI 162874 (FSCA); 2. IV. 1961, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3718 (FSCA); 19. VI. 1977, Belmont, R. A., 1 ɗ MEI 162892, 1 Ψ MEI 162575 (FSCA); 20. VI. 1977, 1 ɗ MEI 0 28377 (FSCA); 21. VI. 1977, 1 Ψ MEI 162361 (FSCA); 23. VI. 1977, 8 ɗ MEI 162887 – 91, 162893, 162895 – 6, 2 Ψ 162293, 162886 (FSCA); 29. VI. 1977, 1 ɗ MEI 162894 (FSCA); 16. XI – 3. XII. 1979, Williams, D., 1 ɗ MEI 0 79729 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 28. II. 1984, Thomas, M. C., 1 ɗ MEI 128489 (FSCA); 22 – 31. VII. 1993, Reinert, J. F., 1 Ψ MEI 128473 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 15 – 21. VIII. 1993, Reinert, J. F., 1 Ψ MEI 127288, 128127, 128482 128490 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 22 – 28. VIII. 1993, 3 Ψ MEI 128145, 128474, 128481 128127, Malaise trap; 5 – 11. IX. 1993, 4 Ψ MEI 127477, 128124, 128142, 128471 128127, Malaise trap; 10 – 16. X. 1993, 1 Ψ MEI 128505 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 24 – 31. X. 1993, 2 Ψ MEI 127289, 128144 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 11. VI. 1992, Woodruff, R. E., 1 ɗ MEI 115934 (FSCA); 14. VII. 1994, 1 ɗ MEI 115930 (FSCA); 21. VII. 1994, 1 Ψ MEI 115933 (FSCA); Gainesville, Agricultural Experiment Station [29.651, - 82.325], 16. III. –, 1 ɗ MEI 162959 (FSCA); Austin Carey [Cary] Forest [29.651, - 82.325], 19. IX – 3. X. 1975, Fairchild, G. B., 1 Ψ MEI 162800 (FSCA); Austin Carey [Cary] Forest, Hatchett Creek [29.651, - 82.325], 7. IV. 1976, Fairchild, G. B., 1 Ψ MEI 162751 (FSCA), flight trap; Gainesville, Beville Heights [29.656, - 82.4], 15. I. 1986, Stange, L. A., 1 ɗ MEI 128534, 1 Ψ 128498 (FSCA); 15 – 30. IV. 1986, 1 Ψ MEI 127472 – 3 (FSCA); 1 – 15. V. 1986, 1 Ψ MEI 128479, 128472 (FSCA); 1 – 15. VI. 1986, 2 Ψ MEI 128484, 128497 (FSCA); 16 – 30. XI. 1986, 1 Ψ MEI 128478 (FSCA); Gainesville, Doyle Conner Building [29.651, - 82.325], 13. X. 1971, Weems, Jr., H. V., Artaud, C. R., 1 Ψ MEI 162857 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 29 – 30. IX. 1973, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 162873, 157843 (FSCA), Malaise trap; –. V. 1982, Stange, L. A., 1 ɗ MEI 128486 (FSCA), flight trap; Gainesville, Pierceís Homestead [29.651, - 82.325], 16. IV. 1976, Pierce, W. H., 1 ɗ MEI 162921 (FSCA), flight trap; 18. IV. 1976, 1 Ψ MEI 162584 (FSCA), flight trap; 14. VI. 1976, 1 Ψ MEI 162354 (FSCA), flight trap; Gainesville, Pine Hill Estates [29.651, - 82.325], 15. IV. 1974, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 162808 (FSCA), at light; jct. SR 225 and SR 340 [346] [29.514, - 82.231], 24. VII. 1976, Dubose, L., 1 Ψ MEI 162328 (FSCA), flight trap; Payne's [Paynes] Prairie [29.578, - 82.354], 19. IV. 1977, Fairchild, G. B., Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 ɗ MEI 162916 (FSCA); 29. IV. 1977, 1 ɗ MEI 162917 (FSCA), flight trap; 9. V. 1977, 1 ɗ MEI 162925 (FSCA), flight trap; 30. V. 1977, 1 ɗ MEI 162926 (FSCA), flight trap; San Felasco Hammock [29.729, - 82.442], 29. IV. 1977, Fairchild, G. B., Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 162804 (FSCA), flight trap; 2. V. 1977, 2 Ψ MEI 162267, 162333, Malaise baited w / CO 2; 23. V. 1977, 1 Ψ MEI 162773 – 4 (FSCA), flight trap; 30. V. 1977, 1 Ψ MEI 162764 (FSCA), flight trap; University of Florida Horticultural Experiment Station [29.767, - 82.199], 3. IV. 1974, Wilkenson, F. R., 1 Ψ MEI 162870 (FSCA), hardwood forest; 29. IV. 1977, Fairchild, G. B., Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 162805 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. V. 1977, 1 Ψ MEI 162806 (FSCA), flight trap; 9. V. 1977, 1 Ψ MEI 162765 (FSCA), flight trap. Brevard County. Cocoa [28.386, - 80.742], –. VII. 1944, Bohart, G. E., 1 ɗ MEI 112494 (USNM); –. VII. 1944, Bohart, G. E., 1 ɗ MEI 112498 (USNM); Georgiana [28.288, - 80.675], date?, Wittfeld, W., 2 Ψ MEI 112464, 112501 (USNM); Palm Bay [28.035, - 80.605], 16. IV. 1980, Smith, F. H., 1 Ψ MEI 161163 (FSCA); Merritt Island [28.357, - 80.705], 14. XI. 1993, Roberts, L. M., 1 Ψ UCF 0 55807 (UCFC), flourescent lights. Broward County. Fort Lauderdale [26.122, - 80.144], 24. VIII. 1988, Phillips, T. L., 1 ɗ MEI 128483 (MEIC); Hollywood [26.011, - 80.145], 18. IV. 1963, Rauch, P., 1 ɗ MEI 157823 (MEIC). Charlotte County. 1.6 km W Hwy 31, 3.2 km N Hw [74, 26.975, - 81.78], 24. IV. 1989, Maynard, L. S., 1 ɗ MEI 128492, 1 Ψ 128493 (FSCA), in copula. Citrus County. 20. III. 1957, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3722 (FSCA). Dade County. 18. IX. 1957, Denmark, H. A., 1 ɗ MEI 112455 (USNM); Hialeah [25.857, - 80.278], 22. VIII. 1964, Stegmaier, C. E., 1 ɗ MEI 162961 (FSCA), sweepnetting grasses. De Soto County. Arcadia (Arcadia Municipal Airport) [27.192, - 81.837], 1. IV. 1972, Miller, Kurczewski, 27 ɗ MEI 112507 – 8, 112510 – 18, 112522 – 37, 8 Ψ 112538 – 45 (USNM); Arcadia [27.216, - 81.859], 29. III. 1972, Kurczewski, F. E., Miller, R. C., 1 Ψ MEI 112546 (MEIC); 30. III. 1972, 3 ɗ MEI 112519 – 21, 1 Ψ MEI 112509 (USNM). Duval County. Hanna Park Campground [30.332, - 81.656], 29. V. 1977, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 162807 (FSCA), hardwood hammock; Jacksonville [30.332, - 81.656], 26. VI. 1957, Thompson, P. H., 1 ɗ MEI 112454 (USNM). Hardee County. Lemon Grove [27.558, - 81.678], 1. V. 1963, Rhodes, R. H., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3651 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Bowling Green [27.638, - 81.824], 21. I. 1961, Vild, R. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3706 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Buchanan [27.412, - 81.793], 10. VI. 1968, Brown, V. G., 1 ɗ MEI 162962 (FSCA). Highlands County. 12 km S Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station [27.188, - 81.338], 15. IV. 1989, Maier, C. T., 1 ɗ MEI 111955, 1 Ψ 111952 (CAES); 16. IV. 1989, 1 ɗ MEI 111957, 3 Ψ 111951, 111953 – 4 (CAES); 17. IV. 1989, 1 ɗ MEI 111956 (CAES); Archbold Biological Station, 12. III. 1956, Frost, S. W., 1 ɗ MEI 162948 (FSCA); 29. III. 1961, 1 Ψ MEI 112466 (USNM); 26. I. 1962, 1 ɗ MEI 112465 (USNM); 14. IV. 1963, Rozen, J. G. Rozen, B. L., 1 ɗ MEI 162941, 1 Ψ 0 76035 (AMNH); 17. III. 1964, Frost, S. W., 1 Ψ MEI 161170 (FSCA); 21. III. 1964, 1 Ψ MEI 162803 (FSCA); 26. III. 1964, 1 Ψ MEI 162782 (FSCA); 9. X. 1964, Arnaud, Jr., P. H., 1 ɗ MEI 156075 (CSCA); 12. X. 1964, 1 Ψ MEI 156084 (CSCA); 2. III. 1967, Frost, S. W., 1 ɗ MEI 162947 (FSCA); 21. III. 1969, Pechuman, L. L., 1 Ψ MEI 162862 (CUIC); 29. III. 1969, 1 Ψ MEI 162854 (CUIC); 7. IV. 1969, 1 Ψ MEI 162864 (CUIC); 10. IV. 1969, 1 Ψ MEI 162863 (CUIC); 17. IV. 1969, 1 Ψ MEI 162865 (CUIC); 13. II. 1973, Kurczewski, F. E., Miller, R. C., 1 ɗ MEI 0 75756 (CUIC); 13. II. 1973, 1 Ψ MEI 0 75755 (CUIC); 31. III. 1976, Berenbaum, M., 1 Ψ MEI 0 75561 (CUIC); 25. III. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 4 Ψ MEI 162452, 162302, 162458, 162600 (FSCA), flight trap; 6. IV. 1978, 6 Ψ MEI 162317, 162370, 162379, 162451, 162540, 162608 (FSCA), flight trap; 7. IV. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162443 (FSCA), flight trap; 8. IV. 1978, 2 ɗ MEI 162878, 162880, 2 Ψ 162290, 162569 (FSCA), flight trap; 9. IV. 1978, 5 Ψ MEI 162316, 162375, 162488, 162546, 162548 (FSCA), flight trap; 11. IV. 1978, 3 Ψ MEI 162405, 162473, 162487 (FSCA), flight trap; 12. IV. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162533 (FSCA), flight trap; 13. IV. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162897, 3 Ψ MEI 162372, 162393, 162513 (FSCA), flight trap; 14. IV. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Halkin, S., 1 Ψ MEI 162541 (FSCA), flight trap; 14 – 15. IV. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 2 ɗ MEI 162885, 162902, 5 Ψ MEI 162417 – 8, 162474, 162550, 162630 (FSCA), flight trap; 17 – 18. IV. 1978, 5 Ψ MEI 162253, 162358, 162424, 162542, 162561 (FSCA), flight trap; 19 – 20. IV. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162898, 5 Ψ MEI 159745, 162221, 162416, 162627, 162632 (FSCA), flight trap; 1. V. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., 2 Ψ MEI 162499, 162568 (FSCA), flight trap; 31. IV. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 6 Ψ MEI 162277, 162319, 162376, 162384, 162492, 162506 (FSCA), flight trap; 11. V. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Klein, L. K., 4 Ψ MEI 162229, 162411, 162468, 162567 (FSCA); 16. V. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162248, 162377 (FSCA), flight trap; 24. V. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162442 (FSCA), flight trap; 25. V. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162943 (FSCA), flight trap; 26. V. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162427, 162619 (FSCA), flight trap; 28 – 29. V. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162250, 162301 (FSCA), flight trap; 2. VI. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162927, 3 Ψ 162761 – 3 (FSCA), flight trap; 3. VI. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 157842, 159977 (FSCA), flight trap; 4. VI. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162296, 162607 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. VI. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162954, 3 Ψ 159794, 162260, 162429 (FSCA), flight trap; 10 – 11. VI. 1978, 3 ɗ MEI 162882 – 4, 4 Ψ 162315, 162355, 162362, 162521 (FSCA), flight trap; 18. IX. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Chance, S. J., 1 Ψ MEI 162544 (FSCA), flight trap; 2. X. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162380 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. X. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162324 (FSCA), flight trap; 6 – 8. X. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162496 (FSCA), flight trap; 10. X. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162616 (FSCA), flight trap; 11. X. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162270 (FSCA), flight trap; 12. X. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162433, 162535 (FSCA), flight trap; 13. X. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162938 (FSCA), flight trap; 14 – 18. X. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lohrer, F. E., 2 Ψ MEI 162336, 162440 (FSCA), flight trap; 27 – 29. X. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Chance, S. J., 1 Ψ MEI 162366 (FSCA), flight trap; 31. X. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162285 (FSCA), flight trap; 10. XI. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162462, 162472 (FSCA), flight trap; 23. XI. 1978, 2 Ψ MEI 162397, 162408 (FSCA), flight trap; 26. XI. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Halkin, S., 1 Ψ MEI 162374 (FSCA), flight trap; 8. XII. 1978, Chance, S. J., 1 Ψ MEI 162771 (FSCA), flight trap; 13. XII. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Chance, S. J., 1 ɗ MEI 162877, 1 Ψ 162625 (FSCA), flight trap; 15. XII. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162556 (FSCA), flight trap; 19 – 20. XII. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Halkin, S., 2 Ψ MEI 162522, 162621 (FSCA), flight trap; 2. III. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162402 (FSCA), flight trap; 11 – 13. III. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162438 (FSCA), flight trap; 16 – 19. III. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162292 (FSCA), flight trap; 19. III. 1979, 2 Ψ MEI 162387, 162626 (FSCA), flight trap; 18. IV. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 157841 (FSCA), flight trap; 15. V. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162758 (FSCA), flight trap; 17. V. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162787 (FSCA), flight trap; 18 – 21. V. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162784 (FSCA), flight trap; 21 – 22. V. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162786 (FSCA), flight trap; 25. VI. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Webber, T. A., 2 Ψ MEI 162752, 162759 (FSCA), flight trap; 29. VI. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162789 (FSCA), flight trap; 7 – 9. VII. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Harris, C. W., 1 Ψ MEI 162753 (FSCA), flight trap; 12. VII. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Webber, T. A., 1 Ψ MEI 162791 (FSCA), flight trap; 14 – 15. VII. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162785 (FSCA), flight trap; 20 – 22. VII. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Harris, C. W., 1 Ψ MEI 162788 (FSCA), flight trap; 24. VII. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Webber, T. A., 1 Ψ MEI 162781 (FSCA), flight trap; 10 – 12. VIII. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162769 (FSCA), flight trap; 24. VIII. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162924, 15 – 16. IX. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162757 (FSCA), flight trap; 21 – 24. IX. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162755 (FSCA), flight trap; 31. X. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162772 (FSCA), flight trap; 1. XI. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162776 (FSCA), flight trap; 8. XI. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162779 (FSCA), flight trap; 9. XI. 1979, 2 Ψ MEI 162777 – 8 (FSCA), flight trap; 16. XI. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162780 (FSCA), flight trap; 19. XI. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162766 (FSCA), flight trap; 1. II. 1980, Weems, Jr., H. V., Carrel, J. E., 1 ɗ MEI 162922 (FSCA), flight trap; 21. II. 1980, 1 ɗ MEI 162923 (FSCA), flight trap; 28 – 31. III. 1980, 1 Ψ MEI 127474 (FSCA), flight trap; 4. IV. 1980, 1 Ψ MEI 162768 (FSCA), flight trap; 16 – 17. IV. 1980, 1 ɗ MEI 162904, 1 Ψ MEI 162801 (FSCA), flight trap; 18 – 20. V. 1980, 2 Ψ MEI 162767, 162812 (FSCA), flight trap; 30. IX – 2. X. 1980, Lampert, Jr., L. L., Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 128137 (FSCA), flight trap; 20. IV. 1982, Brastala, E. M., 1 Ψ MEI 0 49276 (PURC); 18. III. 1987, Bergson, C. S., 1 ɗ MEI 162942 (MEIC), light trap; 14 – 17. IV. 1989, Marshall, S. A., 2 Ψ MEI 073586 – 7 (DEBU); 15 – 16. IV. 1989, Norrbom, A. L., 1 Ψ MEI 162347 (USNM); 11. IV. 1991, Davis Jr., L. R., 2 Ψ MEI 127475 – 6 (FSCA); ca. 12.9 km SW Lake Placid, ca. 9.7 km W. jct. Hwy 27 on Hwy 70 [27.167, - 81.449], 16. IV. 1989, Nelson, C. R., Maier, C., Fisher, E. M., Bullington, S. W., 4 ɗ MEI 0 80241, 0 80243, 080245 – 6 (CAS); L. Placid, Archbold Biological Station [27.188, - 81.338], 5. XI. 1965, Dawson, R. W., 2 Ψ MEI 157821 – 2 (MEIC); 5. III. 1966, 1 ɗ MEI 157824 (MEIC); Lake Placid [27.293, - 81.363], 1. XII. 1958, Frost, S. W., 1 ɗ MEI 112504 (USNM); Lake Placid, 12.9 km S Archbold Biological Station, 28. VIII. 1982, Deyrup, M., 1 ɗ MEI 162928, 1 Ψ MEI 162783 (FSCA); Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station [27.297, - 81.37], 11. XI. 1965, Dawson, R. W., 1 ɗ MEI 162957 (WSU); 21. III. 1966, 1 ɗ MEI 108726 (WSU); 30. III. 1966, 1 ɗ MEI 162956 (WSU); 8. IV. 1966, 1 ɗ MEI 108725 (WSU); 10. IV. 1966, 1 ɗ MEI 108729 (WSU); 11. IV. 1966, 1 ɗ MEI 108735 (WSU); 8. VI. 1966, Silberglied, R., 1 Ψ MEI 162866 (CUIC), black light trap; 9. IV. 1971, Lavallee, A. G., 1 Ψ MEI 162760 (UGCA); 22. III. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 2 Ψ MEI 162401, 162592 (FSCA); 23. III. 1978, 9 Ψ MEI 162254, 162303, 162421, 162431, 162437, 162450, 162532, 162571, 162596 (FSCA), flight trap; 24. III. 1978, 6 Ψ MEI 162268, 162274, 162309, 162341, 162349, 162464 (FSCA), flight trap; 3 – 4. IV. 1978, 1 Ψ MEI 162775 (FSCA), flight trap; 16. IV. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Halkin, S., 1 Ψ MEI 162565 (FSCA), flight trap; Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 2 Ψ MEI 162555, 162582 (FSCA), flight trap; 2 – 4. II. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Halkin, S., 1 Ψ MEI 162310 (FSCA), flight trap; 28. II. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162881 (FSCA), flight trap; 2 – 4. III. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162545 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. III. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162615 (FSCA), flight trap; 9. III. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162449 (FSCA), flight trap; 20. IV. 1982, Gordh, G., 1 Ψ MEI 0 28378 (UCR); 12. IV. 1983, Deyrup, M., 1 ɗ MEI 162900 (FSCA), black light trap; 1. IV. 1990, Wirth, W. W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 79112, 10 Ψ MEI 0 79110, 090356 – 7, 090359 – 64 (USNM), Malaise trap; 1. VI. 1990, 1 ɗ MEI 0 90358 (USNM), Malaise trap; 10. V. 1983, Deyrup, M., 1 Ψ MEI 162798 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 11. V. 1983, 1 Ψ MEI 162802 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 15. VII. 1983, 1 ɗ MEI 162901 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 25. I. 1984, 1 Ψ MEI 162797 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 11. VI. 1984, 1 Ψ MEI 162793 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 17. X. 1984, 2 Ψ MEI 162799, 162794 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 6. VI. 1984, 1 Ψ MEI 162792 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 25. X. 1984, 1 Ψ MEI 162796 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 29. XII. 1984, 1 Ψ MEI 162795 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 19. VII. 1983, 1 Ψ MEI 162811 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 23. VII. 1983, 1 Ψ MEI 162810 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 28. V. 1984, 1 ɗ MEI 162910 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 31. I. 1986, 1 Ψ MEI 162852 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 23. VII. 1983, 1 Ψ MEI 162809 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 3. VI. 1985, 1 ɗ MEI 162940 (FSCA), Malaise trap; Sebring [27.495, - 81.441], 29. X. 1955, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 ɗ MEI 112461 (USNM); 21. IV. 1989, 1 ɗ MEI 128532 (FSCA); 25. XII. 1982, 1 ɗ MEI 128480 (FSCA); 17. III. 1975, 1 ɗ MEI 162909, 2 Ψ MEI 162239, 162276 (FSCA); 18. III. 1975, 2 ɗ MEI 162907 – 8, 8 Ψ 162251, 162279, 162323, 162404, 162447, 162516, 162580, 162629 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 23. III. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 1 ɗ MEI 162905 (FSCA), flight trap; 25. III. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162911 (FSCA), flight trap; 10. IV. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162879 (FSCA), flight trap; 17 – 18. IV. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162903 (FSCA), flight trap; 23. IV. 1978, 1 ɗ MEI 162953 (FSCA), flight trap; 30. IV. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 ɗ MEI 162915 (FSCA), flight trap; 31. IV. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lampert, Jr., L. L., 1 ɗ MEI 162913 (FSCA), flight trap; 1. VI. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Klein, L. K., 1 ɗ MEI 162899 (FSCA), flight trap; 3. VI. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Klein, L. K., 1 ɗ MEI 162919 (FSCA), flight trap; 30 – 31. VIII. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lohrer, F. E., 1 ɗ MEI 162906 (FSCA), flight trap; 14 – 18. IX. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Lohrer, F. E., 1 ɗ MEI 162914 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. X. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Chance, S. J., 1 ɗ MEI 162912 (FSCA), flight trap; 6. XII. 1978, Weems, Jr., H. V., Chance, S. J., 1 ɗ MEI 162918 (FSCA), flight trap; 30. XII – 1. I. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Halkin, S., 1 Ψ MEI 161167 (FSCA), flight trap; 23. II. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 162551 (FSCA), flight trap; 26. III. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162931 (FSCA), flight trap; 31. V. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162929 (FSCA), flight trap; 4. VI. 1979, 2 Ψ MEI 161169 – 70 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. VI. 1979, 2 Ψ MEI 161162, 162790 (FSCA), flight trap; 13 – 14. VII. 1979, Weems, Jr., H. V., Webber, T. A., 1 ɗ MEI 162936, 1 Ψ 161168 (FSCA), flight trap; 23. VII. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162934 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. IX. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162935 (FSCA), flight trap; 7. IX. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162932 (FSCA), flight trap; 19. IX. 1979, 1 ɗ MEI 162933 (FSCA), flight trap; 3. X. 1979, 2 Ψ MEI 161164, 162756 (FSCA), flight trap; 4. X. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 161166 (FSCA), flight trap; 5. X. 1979, 2 ɗ MEI 162930, 162937 (FSCA), flight trap; 9. X. 1979, 2 Ψ MEI 161171, 162754 (FSCA), flight trap; 19. X. 1979, 1 Ψ MEI 161165 (FSCA), flight trap; 10. IV. 1964, Waters, J., 1 Ψ MEI 118019 (FSCA); 14. IV. 1968, Weems, Jr., H. V., 1 Ψ MEI 162871 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 9.7 km W Sebring [27.495, - 81.528], 15. III. 1974, Smith, J. W., 1 Ψ MEI 0 90174 (CMNH); W Sebring [27.471, - 81.542], 17. IV. 1989, Maier, C. T., 1 ɗ MEI 111956 (CAES); 4.8 km S. FLA. 70 on US 27, 27.164, - 81.328, 14. V. 1964, Paulson, D. R., 1 ɗ MEI 162920 (FSCA). Hillsborough County. 4.8 km S. FLA. 70 on US 27 [27.164, - 81.328], 14. V. 1964, Paulson, D. R. 1 ɗ MEI 162920 (FSCA); Plant City [28.02, - 82.127], 22. III. 1998, Hansen, D. E., 1 ɗ MEI 133396 (MEIC); Tampa [27.947, - 82.61], 2. II. 1927, Bare, C. O., 1 ɗ MEI 0 80354 (SEMC); 26. III. 1961, Patton, J. V., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3726 (FSCA); 21. II. 1982, Eger, J. E., 4 ɗ MEI 076474 – 5, 0 76477, 0 76479 (TAMU). Indian River County. Locality?, 24. III. 1954, Mead, F. W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90385 (MEIC); Vero Beach [27.638, - 80.398], Malloch, J. R., date?, 1 ɗ MEI 112506, 3 Ψ 112482, 112490 – 1 (USNM). Lake County. Mount Dora [28.802, - 81.645], 6. IV. 1960, Felshaw, C. L., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3709 (FSCA), fruit fly trap; 22. V. 1962, Frederic, E. H., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3668 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 24. V. 1971, Castleman, D. L., 1 ɗ MEI 162939 (UCR); 16. VII. 1981, Jones, R., 1 ɗ MEI 0 78309 (UMSP); Leesburg, W. & G. Lab. [28.811, - 81.878], 8. IV. 1963, Colon, J., 2 ɗ MEI 128491, 128496 (FSCA); Fort Myers [26.64, - 81.873], 24. IV. 1930, Melander, A. L., 1 ɗ MEI 112458 (USNM); 20. III. 1980, Zeiss, M., 1 ɗ MEI 0 75558 (CUIC), yellow pan. Lee County. Fort Myers [26.64, - 81.873], 20. III. 1980, Zeiss, M., 1 ɗ MEI 0 75558 (CUIC), yellow pan. Liberty County. [30.569, - 84.948], 13. VI. 1974, Weems, Jr., H. V., Artaud, C. R., 1 Ψ MEI 162867 (FSCA), Malaise trap. Manatee County. Palmetto [27.521, - 82.573], 6. XII. 1965, Chancey, D. C., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3665 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Tallevast [27.401, - 82.543], 17. V. 1962, 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3720 (FSCA), fruit fly trap; 5. III. 1930, Tinker, R. F., 1 Ψ MEI 112485 (USNM); 25. IV. 1961, Chancey, D. L., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3704 (FSCA), fruit fly trap, 2. III. 1962, 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3715 (FSCA), fruit fly trap; Oneco [27.447, - 82.546], 31. I. 1964, 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3677 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Piney Point [27.634, - 82.541], 24. III. 1972, Pierce, W. H., 1 ɗ MEI 162952 (FSCA); 24. III. 1972, Pierce, W. H., 1 Ψ MEI 162869 (FSCA); Sarasota [27.336, - 82.531], 23. III. 1962, Yax, C. L., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3716 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 30. IV. 1963, 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3679 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 4. XI. 1963, 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3675 (FSCA). Marion County. Ocala; [29.187, - 82.14], 12. IV. 1978, Wible, M., 1 ɗ MEI 0 78445 (CMNH); Weirsdale [28.982, - 81.924], 19. IX. 1963, Adkins, T. R., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3650 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 29. IV. 1964, 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3670 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Big Scrub [29.01, - 81.8], 24 – 25. III. 1979, Riley, E. G., LeDoux, 1 ɗ MEI 0 39654 (UMRM). Miami-Dade County. Kendall [26.254, - 80.124], 27. IX. 1958, Butler, Jr., G. C., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3661 (FSCA); Miami [25.774, - 80.194], date?, Wight, A. E., 2 ɗ MEI 162944, 162968 (MCZ); –. III. –, 1 ɗ MEI 162967 (MCZ); 25. XI. 1912, Knab, F. K., 1 Ψ MEI 112474 (USNM); 19. XII. 1912, 1 ɗ MEI 112472 (USNM); 10. III. 1932, Link, O. D., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3671 (FSCA), Citrus paradisi; 11. V. 1932, Adams, B. F., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3691 (FSCA), Bidens pilosa; 11. II. 1949, Calkins, O. W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3692 (FSCA), Eugenia uniflora; 22. IV. 1949, Link, O. D., 2 Ψ MEI 003672 – 3 (FSCA); 9. III. 1958, Dowling, Jr., C. F., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3705 (FSCA); 6. III. 1962, Harrisburg, 1 Ψ MEI 162855 (MEIC); 20. II. 1963, Brewton, W. S., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3674 (FSCA); 1. V. 1964, Paulson, D. R., 1 Ψ MEI 162605 (FSCA); 21. III. 1990, Rust, M. N., 1 ɗ MEI 128494 (FSCA); Miami Springs [25.822, - 80.29], 4. V. 1965, Dowling, Jr., C. F., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3680 (FSCA), McPhail trap. Orange County. Locality? 21. VII. 1929, Hiers, W. A., 1 Ψ MEI 112487 (USNM); –. X. 1936, Link, O. D., 1 ɗ MEI 112460 (USNM), McPhail trap; –. IV. 1972, Wheeler, W. H., 1 ɗ, UCF 0 55797 (UCFC); Conway [28.503, - 81.331], 7. IX. 1948, Link, O. D., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3654 (FSCA); Maitland [28.618, - 81.364], 6. VII. 1979, 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55799 (UCFC); Orlando [28.538, - 81.379], –. II. –, collector?, 1 ɗ MEI 162946 (MEIC); 28. II. 1918, 1 Ψ MEI 112479 (USNM); 4. III. 1925, Cole, F. R., 1 ɗ MEI 162966 (MEIC); 21. VII. 1926, McBride, O. C., 1 ɗ MEI 162965 (MEIC); –. III. 1944, Bohart, R. M., Bohart, G. E., 2 Ψ MEI 162856, 162858 (MEIC); 5. V. 1977, Fullerton, S. M., 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55804 (UCFC); 14. IV. 1993, 1 Ψ MEI 127214 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; Orlando, Florida Technological University (University of Central Florida) [28.6, - 81.202], 20. VII. 1972, 1 ɗ, UCF 0 55802 (UCFC); 22. X. 1990, Fullerton, S. M., 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55801 (UCFC); 4. III. 1991, 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55763 (UCVC); 14. IX. 1991, 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55796 (UCFC). Orlando, VCF Arboretum [28.565, - 80.705], 28. X. 1993, Longhurst, J., 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55810 (UCFC); US 50 and 436 [28.558, - 81.313], 17. XI. 1993, Anderson, M., 1 ɗ, UCF 0 55808 (UCFC), sweep net, flatwoods; Winter Park [28.588, - 81.351], –. III. 1994, Johannsen, O. A., 1 Ψ MEI 162860 (CUIC); 8.9 km N of Apopka [28.76, - 81.51], 20. V. 1978, Powers, J. R., 1 Ψ MEI 0 82078 (MCZ). Pasco County. Blanton [28.411, - 82.247], 7. VII. 1965, Daniel, V. H., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3652 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Dade City [28.364, - 82.196], 20. X. 1971, Williams, C. B., 1 Ψ MEI 162851 (FSCA), McPhail trap; Elfers [28.217, - 82.722], 3. VI. 1929, Frierson, E. D., 2 ɗ MEI 112480 – 1 (USNM); Greenfield, 25. V. 1967, Kennedy, O. D., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3653 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Holiday [28.188, - 82.74], 21. X. 1983, Yackley, W. H., 1 ɗ, CMN 55394 (CMNH); 17. II. 1992, 1 ɗ MEI 0 84374 (CMNH); 27. II. 1992, 1 ɗ MEI 0 84384 (CMNH); 29. V. 1992, 1 ɗ MEI 0 84385 (CMNH); 4. XI. 1994, 1 ɗ MEI 100196 (CMNH). Pinellas County. Locality?, 30. XI. 1929, Moora, B. P., 1 ɗ MEI 112493 (USNM); locality?, 29. VI. 1953, Hill, L. B., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3657 (FSCA); Dunedin [28.019, - 82.772], –. I. 1920, Blatchley, 1 ɗ MEI 112459, 2 Ψ MEI 112457, 112463 (USNM); 14. IV. 1985, Dow, L. C., 1 ɗ MEI 128533 (FSCA); 10. V. 1985, 1 ɗ MEI 128470 (FSCA); 12. V. 1985, 1 Ψ MEI 128475 (FSCA); 16. VI. 1985, 1 ɗ MEI 128535 (FSCA); Saint Petersburg [27.758, - 82.642], 7. X. 1963, Carroll, W. C., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3678 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 6. XI. 1964, Harris, S. B., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3666 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 4. I. 1974, Miller, R. C., 2 ɗ MEI 0 75560, 0 75562 (CUIC); 21 – 26. XII. 1982, 1 Ψ MEI 0 75559 (CUIC); Tarpon Springs [28.146, - 82.757], 18. X. 1971, Williams, G. T., 1 ɗ MEI 162960 (FSCA), McPhail trap; 18. X. 1971, 1 Ψ MEI 162868 (FSCA), McPhail trap. Polk County. Ft. Meade [27.752, - 81.802], 25. II. 1947, Burden, G. F., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3729 (FSCA), at Citrus sinensis; Lakeland [28.039, - 81.95], 21. VIII. 1962, Vild, R. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3721 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Bartow [27.896, - 81.843], –. V. 1970, Pierce, W. H., 1 ɗ MEI 0 28376 (FSCA), sweep net, water hyacinth. Putnam County. [Hollister], Hollister-Roberts Ranch [29.623, - 81.814], 5. IV. 1985, Milstrey, E. G., 1 Ψ MEI 127471 (FSCA), gopher tortoise burrow; Palatka [29.648, - 81.638], 28. IV. 1957, Thompson, P. H., 1 Ψ MEI 112453 (USNM). Sarasota County. Locality?, 3. III. 1939, 1 ɗ MEI 112495 (USNM); 5. IV. 1961, Frederic, E. H., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3710 (FSCA); Lido Key [27.317, - 82.581], 18. IV. 1975, Furth, D. G., 1 ɗ, YPM 105212 (PMNH); Longboat Key [27.44, - 82.69], 15. IV. 1975, 1 ɗ, YPM 105157, 1 Ψ, YPM 105208 (PMNH); Sarasota [Memorial] Park [27.268, - 82.527], 14. VI. 1972, Pierce, W. H., 1 ɗ MEI 162963 (FSCA). Seminole County. [28.7, - 81.2], 6. IV. 1929, Dillers, Jr., B., 1 ɗ MEI 112483 (USNM); 2. VI. 1929, Sadler, J. E., 1 Ψ MEI 112489 (USNM); 6. IX. 1929, Hiers, Jr., B. D., 2 ɗ MEI 112492, 112497 (USNM); 3. V. 1950, Link, O. D., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3656 (FSCA); 28. V. 1971, Smith, W., 1 ɗ, UCF 0 55798 (UCFC); 4.0 km N Astor Farms [28.865, - 81.365], 18. IV. 2000, Fullerton, S., Sims, T., 1 Ψ, UCF 0 0 70127 (UCFC), Malaise trap, bald cypress swamp; Casselberry [28.678, - 81.327], 15. VII. 1959, Youtsey, C. O., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3717 (FSCA); Longwood [28.694, - 81.357], 11. VII. 1979, Kaminski, R. L., 1 Ψ, UCF 0 55800 (UFCC); Oviedo [28.673, - 81.214], 28. V. 1991, Fullerton, S. M., 1 ɗ, UCF 0 55781 (UCFC), light trap; 13. II. 1994, 1 Ψ MEI 127212 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 21. II. 1994, 1 Ψ MEI 127211 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 11. III. 1994, 1 ɗ MEI 127695 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 22. III. 1994, 1 ɗ MEI 127698, 1 Ψ MEI 127208 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 3. VII. 1994, 1 ɗ MEI 127699 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 10. VIII. 1994, 1 Ψ MEI 127697 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 20. VIII. 1994, 2 Ψ MEI 127696 127209 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 30. XI. 1994, 1 ɗ MEI 127213 (UCFC), Malaise trap; Paola [28.794, - 81.363], 16. IX. 1963, Desin, G. W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 3676 (FSCA), Steiner trap; [28.81, - 81.39], 15. VI. 2001, Metz, M. A., MEI 130063 (INHS). St. John's County. North Fort Mantanzas, Anastasia Land [29.717, - 81.238], 21. V. 2002, Holston, K. C., 1 ɗ MEI 140350 (INHS), coastal dunes; Saint Augustine Beach [29.85, - 81.25], 20. IV. 1969, Zeiger, C. F., 1 Ψ MEI 162872 (FSCA); St. Augustine [29.894, - 81.315], 1 ɗ MEI 140538, 1 Ψ 140539 (MCZ); – 15. V., collector?, 1 Ψ MEI 0 80347 (SEMC); 15. III. 1991, collector?, 1 ɗ MEI 0 80348 (SEMC); 7. IV. 1919, collector?, 1 Ψ MEI 0 80897 (MEIC); 17. IV. 1919, 1 ɗ MEI 0 80895 (MCZ). St. Lucie County. Fort Pierce [27.446, - 80.326], 13. VI. 1962, Prance, E. E., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3664 (FSCA), Steiner trap; 17. VIII. 1981, Hibbard, K., 1 Ψ MEI 128138 (FSCA), McPhail trap. Volusia County. Locality?, 27. VI. 1929, Sadler, J. E., 1 ɗ MEI 112488 (USNM); 12. VII. 1981, Jones, R., 1 ɗ MEI 0 78300 (UMSP), Virbirnum sp. 12. VII. 1981, 1 ɗ MEI 078303 – 7, 0 78311 (UMSP), Virbirnum sp. 13. VII. 1981, 1 ɗ MEI 0 78308, 0 78312 (UMSP), Virbirnum sp. 12. VII. 1984, 3 ɗ MEI 078301 – 2, 0 78310 (UMSP), Virbirnum sp. Daytona [Daytona Beach] [29.211, - 81.023], – 8. IV., 1 ɗ MEI 0 80899 (MCZ); 18. IV. 1916, Johnson, C. W., 1 ɗ MEI 162945 (MCZ); 6. IV. 1919, 1 ɗ MEI 162964 (MCZ); 8. IV. 1919, 1 Ψ MEI 0 80898 (MCZ); DeLand [29.028, - 81.303], 29. VI. 1951, Van Pelt, H. M., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3655 (FSCA); 19. IV. 1960, Desin, G. W., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3711 (FSCA); 19. IV. 1960, 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3712 (FSCA); Edgewater [28.989, - 80.902], 24. II. 1939, Frost, C. A., 1 ɗ MEI 162951 (MCZ); Ormond Beach [29.286, - 81.056], 22. VI. 1939, Oman, 2 ɗ MEI 112486 (USNM), 0 0 3743 (FSCA), 2 Ψ 0 0 3742 (FSCA), 0 80896 (MCZ); Pierson [29.239, - 81.466], 12. II. 1962, Roberts, C. R., 1 Ψ MEI 0 0 3725 (FSCA), Asparagus setaceus; Blue Springs State Park [28.95, - 81.34], 14. VI. 1986, Powell, J., 1 Ψ MEI 0 82091 (FSCA), blacklight. GEORGIA. Charlton County. Okefenokee Swamp, Billys Island [30.805, - 82.341], –. VI. 1912, 1 Ψ MEI 162859 (CUIC); –. VII. 1912, 1 ɗ MEI 162955 (CUIC). Chatham County. Savannah [32.083, - 81.1], 18. VI. 1940, Hall, D. G., 1 ɗ MEI 112496 (USNM). Liberty County. St. Catherines Island [31.657, - 81.152], 24 – 28. IV. 1972, Thompson, Picchi, 1 ɗ MEI 0 76033 (SWRS). SOUTH CAROLINA. Paris Island, Beauford [32.436, - 80.683], 2 – 8. X. 1980, Reinert, J. F., 1 Ψ MEI 128448 (FSCA). Horry County. Myrtle Beach [33.698, - 78.895], 29. VI. 1943, Parsons, C. T., 1 Ψ MEI 162861 (MCZ). TEXAS. Cameron County. Locality?, 24. IV. 1961, Eads, R. B., 1 ɗ MEI 0 89875 (MEIC); Brownsville [25.901, - 97.497], 29. VI. 1938, Sailer, R. I., 1 ɗ MEI 0 80353, 1 Ψ MEI 0 80352 (SEMC); 3. VII. 1938, Beamer, R. H., 1 ɗ MEI 0 80350, 1 Ψ 0 80351 (SEMC); 26. V. 1939, Knull, D. J., Knull, J. N., 1 Ψ MEI 112456 (USNM); 26. VI. 1962, 1 Ψ MEI 0 79726 (CNC); 10 – 13. III. 1979, Friedlander, T., 1 ɗ MEI 0 76476 (TAMU). Hidalgo County. Locality?, 19. X. 1976, Fee, F. D., 2 ɗ MEI 128485, 128488, 1 Ψ 127287 (FSCA); [26.173, - 98.382], 6. VI. 1983, Barr, C. B., 1 ɗ MEI 0 82178 (EMEC), blacklight; 15 – 16. III. 1984, Carroll, L. E., Wharton, R. A., 1 ɗ MEI 0 76478 (TAMU); 12 km ESE Hildalgo [26.065, - 98.14], 25 – 26. III. 1997, Webb, D. W., Metz, M. A., Holston, K. C., 1 Ψ MEI 141427 (INHS), Malaise trap; 11.3 km S Alamo [26.067, - 98.133], 25 – 27. VI. 1980, Webb, D. W., Lisowski, E. A., 1 Ψ MEI 141565 (INHS).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFA64314FF1FFF26FD25F48F.taxon	description	gracilis Kröber (1911: 498 male key, 500 fem. key, 507 desc.; 1913: 30 listing; 1928: 6 dist., 8 – 9 male key, 10 – 11 fem. key) (Psilocephala). Type locality Peru, Piura. Lectotype male in USNM. New combination.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFA64314FF1FFF26FD25F48F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penniverpa gracilis is unique from other species of Penniverpa in having the male frons setose, the coxal setae yellowish gold, the hind coxa with a large, broad anterior lobe, and the ventral lobe (Fig. 45) with an elongate, apical PVL. The female differs from other species of Penniverpa in having white pubescence (Fig. 84) across the posterior margin of tergites 1 – 4, posterolaterally on tergites 5 – 6, and over the entire dorsum of tergite 7. Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.0 – 6.0, 5.5 mm. Head. Length 0.72 – 0.78, 0.73 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white to silver with dark brown medial stripe which expands dorsally when viewed frontally; setae black, short (occasionally absent). Antenna with scape and pedicel reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense, flagellum brown; antenna / head length 0.74 – 0.85, 0.80; scape length 0.14 – 0.17, 0.16 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 1.4 – 1.7, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.7, 2.1, scape / flagellum width 1.0, setae dark reddish brown, short; pedicel length 0.06 – 0.08, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.8, 0.8; flagellum length 0.32 – 0.38, 0.36 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 3.2 – 3.8, 3.6, flagellum / scape length 2.0 – 2.4, 2.3. Maxillary palpus dark reddish brown; length 0.26 – 0.38, 0.31 mm, length / width 4.3 – 5.7, 4.9; setae dark reddish brown. Genal setae pale yellow. Occipital setae white to pale yellow, absent dorsomedially; macrosetae in single row extending ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFA64314FF1FFF26FD25F48F.taxon	description	Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum dull brown, pubescence brownish gray; vittae indistinguishable; setae black, erect, moderately long intermixed with pale yellow, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence silver gray; setae pale yellow on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane diffuse pale brown; veins brown, anterior veins pale yellowish brown; length 4.5 – 5.0, 4.6 mm, width 1.5 – 1.8, 1.7 mm, length / width 2.6 – 2.9, 2.8; pterostigma yellowish brown, faint. Halter dark brown. Legs. Coxal setae yellowish gold; hind coxa with large, broad, anterior projection. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral setae white on fore – and midfemora, yellowish gold dorsally; av 0 – 1: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 1 – 5. Tibiae and tarsi dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, glossy; dorsal setae white, appressed. Terminalia (MEI 088538) pale brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 44), setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 44), setae dark brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 45), PVL elongate, apical. Gonostylus (Fig. 45), LGP oblong, apical setae moderately long, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 46), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 47), extending slightly beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 46) broad basally, tapered posteriorly with one pair of thin spinous projections basally and several short spinous projections along apicolateral margin, ventral view (Fig. 47) AAP short with apical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 48) tapered posteriorly in broad curve. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.4 – 7.2, 6.6 mm. Head. Length 0.62 – 0.98, 0.80 mm. Frons pubescence silver (occasionally dark brown dorsally); setae black, short. Antenna / head length 0.65 – 0.84, 0.76; scape length 0.14 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 1.4 – 2.0, 1.7, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.5, 2.2, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.06 – 0.08, 0.08 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.8, 0.8; flagellum length 0.30 – 0.40, 0.36 mm, width 0.10 – 0.13, 0.11 mm, length / width 2.8 – 3.7, 3.2, flagellum / scape length 1.9 – 2.4, 2.1. Maxillary palpus length 0.26 – 0.40, 0.34 mm, length / width 4.3 – 6.7, 5.3. Occipital macrosetae sparse, scattered. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum black, pubescence brownish gray; vittae dull black separated by broad, gray pubescent stripe; setae black, erect, moderately long intermixed with pale yellow, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence silver gray; setae pale yellow on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Veins brown, anterior veins pale yellowish brown; length 4.2 – 6.0, 5.3 mm, width 1.5 – 2.0, 1.8 mm, length / width 2.2 – 3.3, 2.9; pterostigma yellowish brown, faint. Halter dark brown. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1 – 3: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 1 – 5. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown to black, glossy (Fig. 84), pubescence gray in narrow band across posterior margin of tergites 1 – 4, in posterolateral area on tergites 5 – 6, over entire dorsum of tergites 7; dorsal setae dark reddish brown, sparse on tergites 1 – 4, tergites 1 – 3 with white, appressed, dense setae across posterior margin. Terminalia (MEI 088538). Furca (Fig. 49), sides sinuate; length 0.84 mm, width 0.22 mm; anterolateral projection short. IMMATURE STAGES. Fifteen males (MEI 088522 – 6, 088575 – 8, 0 88580, 0 88583, 088585 – 8) have been reared from larvae sifted from sand dunes at Bodegones, 8 ɗ (MEI 0 88519, 0 88521, 088571 – 2, 0 88574, 0 88579, 088581 – 2) have been reared from larvae sifted from sand dunes west of Lambayeque, and 4 ɗ and 21 Ψ (MEI 174520, 174524 – 47) have been reared from larvae sifted from vegetated dunes at Lambayeque.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFA64314FF1FFF26FD25F48F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa gracilis is known from Peru (Fig. 89). Habitats and phenology. Penniverpa gracilis has been collected in river valleys and coastal dunes as well as on dry shrubs, weeds, and lima beans from October through July.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FFA64314FF1FFF26FD25F48F.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimen. Kröber described Psilocephala gracilis based on an unknown number of syntypes which he deposited in his collection. Two syntypes of this series are in the USNM bearing the following label information: male, 1 st label: " [pink label] [typeset] TYPE ". 2 nd label: " [green label] [handwritten] Peru Piura 11. VI ". 3 rd label: " [red label] [typeset] TypeNo. [handwritten] 24212 [typeset] U. S. N. M. ". 4 th label: " [typeset] Psilocephala [handwritten] gracilis Krob. [typeset] Krober-det. 1911 [handwritten] " (MEI 170153), female, 1 st label: " [pink label] [typeset] TYPE ". 2 nd label: " [green label] [handwritten] Peru Saman 24. XI ". 3 rd label: " [red label] [typeset] TypeNo. [handwritten] 24212 [typeset] U. S. N. M. ". 4 th label: " [typeset] Psilocephala [handwritten] gracilis Krob. [typeset] Krober-det. 1911 [handwritten] 1 " (MEI 113143). The male specimen is designated as the lectotype. This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of P. gracilis and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The female specimen from Peru, Saman is designated as a paralectotype. The holotype male of Psilocephala brunnipennis Kröber, 1914 was deposited in the ZMUH. (destroyed). Other specimens. PERU. Chincha, 10. VI. 1960, Young, D. A., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90147 (NCSU); Chancay, 15. III. 1951, Ross, Michelbacher, 2 ɗ MEI 156072, 156074, 1 Ψ 156085 (CAS), river valley; 25. III. 1951, 1 Ψ MEI 156082 (CAS), river valley; 53 km N Chimbote, 16. III. 1951, Ross E. S., Michelbacher A. E., 5 ɗ MEI 088503 – 4, 088506 – 8 (CAS), dry brush. ANCASH. Chimbote [- 9.0833, - 78.6000], 1. VII. 1960, Young, D. A., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90148 (NCSU), on weeds. CAJAMARCA. Nanchoc Quebrada [- 6.95, - 79.25], 400 m, 21. XII. 1984 – 17. I. 1985, Carpenter J. M., 1 Ψ MEI 0 81058 (MCZ). CONSTITUCIONAL DEL C ALLAO. Callao [- 12.0667, - 77.15], 16. XI. 1950, Ross E. S., Michelbacher A. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88505 (CAS); 17. XI. 1950, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88529 (CAS). I CA. Ica [- 14.068, - 75.726], 9. VI. 1960, Young, D. A., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90179 (NCSU); Pisco [- 13.72, - 76.21], –. II. 1954, Elbeing, W., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88569 (NCSU); 9. VI. 1960, collector, 1 ɗ MEI 0 90180 (NCSU). CUSCO. Machupicchu [- 13.13, - 72.53], 14. V. 1978, Irwin, M. E., 3 ɗ MEI 088426 – 7, 182853 (MEIC). HUARMEY. Huarmey [- 10.068, - 78.152], 2. VII. 1960, Young, D. A., 1 Ψ MEI 0 90182 (NCSU). L A L IBERTAD. Simbal CA. Trujillo [- 8.11, - 79.03], 4 – 7. VII. 1974, Porter C., Stange L. A., 2 ɗ MEI 0 88528 (FSCA); 29. VI. 1960, González, Young, 5 Ψ MEI 090184 – 8 (NCSU). L AMBAYEQUE. Saman [- 6.7711, - 79.805], 24. XI. –, collector?, 1 Ψ MEI 113143 (USNM); Chiclayo [- 6.76, - 79.84], 12. III. 1979, Chicama, F., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88447 (MEIC); Bodegones [- 6.72, - 79.99], 2. IV. 1975, Irwin, M. E., 15 ɗ MEI 088521 – 6, 088575 – 8, 0 88580, 0 88583, 088585 – 8 (MEIC), reared from larvae sifted from sand dunes; Northwest Oyotun [- 6.817, - 79.3], 200 m, 15. I. 1985, Carpenter, J. M., 1 ɗ MEI 0 81059, 2 Ψ 0 81054, 0 81060 (MCZ); W Lambayeque [- 6.69, - 79.91], 1. VI. 1975, Irwin, M. E., 8 ɗ MEI 0 88519, 0 88521, 088571 – 2, 0 88574, 0 88579, 088581 – 2 (MEIC), reared from larvae sifted from sand dunes; Lambayeque [- 6.7, - 79.91], 28. VI. 1960, Young, González, 2 ɗ MEI 0 90178 (NCSU); 2. XI. 1979, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88448 (MEIC), coastal dunes; 5. III. 1981, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88446 (MEIC); 40 m, 1. IV. 2005, Irwin, M. E., 4 ɗ MEI 174520, 174524 – 6, 21 Ψ 174527 – 47 (MEIC), sieve, from vegetated dunes. L IMA. Lima [- 12.05, - 77.05], 14. II. 1932, Wille, 1 Ψ MEI 0 88573 (EELM); 5. III. 1932, Wille, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88561 (EELM); Cañete [San Vicente de Cañete] [- 13.09, - 76.4], 10. V. 1978, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88590, 1 Ψ 0 88591 (MEIC); 64.4 km N Lima, Chancay [- 11.57, - 77.27], 29. VII. 1971, Broomfield P. S., Broomfield H. L., 1 ɗ MEI 109339 (BMNH), shrubs near river in arid coastal desert; Lima airport [- 12.02, - 77.11], 30. III. 1975, Irwin, M. E., 39 ɗ MEI 088530 – 60, 088562 – 8, 0 88570, 5 Ψ MEI 088597 – 601 (MEIC), sandy soil; La Molina [- 11.85, - 77.0333], 27. XI. 1970, Boyes J. W., 2 Ψ MEI 141442, 141576 (CNC); 12. V. 1978, 5 ɗ MEI 088592 – 6 (MEIC); –. X. 1978, Irwin, M. E., 2 ɗ MEI 141425, 141561, 1 Ψ 141543 (MEIC); Lomas de Lachay, near Chancay [- 11.57, - 77.27], 9. I. 1955, Ross E. S., Schlinger E. I., 1 Ψ MEI 0 90018 (CNC), P UNTANERA. 27 km S Lima [- 12.283, - 77.04], 28. III. 1975, Irwin, M. E., 8 ɗ MEI 088438 – 45 (MEIC), lima beans.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9B4315FF1FFBB6FDCCF247.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Insular (Latin) = on an island. This species is distributed only on the island of Jamaica and is a used as an adjective.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9B4315FF1FFBB6FDCCF247.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa insular is similar to P. f e s t i n a and is separated from P. festina by having the tarsi dark yellow, the PVL being absent on the ventral lobe (Fig. 51), the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 51) with short apical setae and the VMP positioned apically and longer than the length of the LGP. The female of P. insular is separated from P. festina in having white pubescence (Fig. 85) posterolaterally on tergites 1 – 3 and 6 – 7 and over the entire dorsum of tergite 5; furca (Fig. 55) oval.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9B4315FF1FFBB6FDCCF247.taxon	description	Description of holotype MALE. Body length 7.3 mm. Head. Length 0.82 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, gray dorsally; setae absent. Antenna reddish brown, pubescence gray on scape and pedicel; antenna / head length 0.72; scape length 0.14 mm, width 0.09 mm, length / width 1.6, scape / pedicel length 2.0, scape / flagellum width 1.0, setae dark reddish brown, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.07 mm, length / width 0.8; flagellum length 0.38 mm, width 0.09 mm, length / width 4.2, flagellum / scape length 2.7. Maxillary palpus pale brown; length 0.32 mm, length / width 5.3; setae dark reddish brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsally; macrosetae extending in single row from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum dark reddish brown pubescence whitish gray, dense; vittae evident as dull bands; setae dark reddish brown, subappressed intermixed with white, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale smoky brown; veins brown; length 5.0 mm, width 1.9 mm, length / width 2.6; pterostigma dark yellow, narrow. Halter pale brown. Legs. Left fore – and mid legs missing. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora reddish brown; ventral setae dark brown on fore femur, white dorsally on femora; av 1: 0: 1, pv 0: 0: 6. Tibiae dark yellow. Tarsomeres 1 – 2 dark yellow; 3 – 5 dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Tergite 1 dark brown, tergite 2 dull orange with dark brown anteromedial area, tergites 3 – 8 dull orange, abdomen covered with dense, white pubescence; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, denser across posterior margin. Terminalia. Dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 50), setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 50), setae dark brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 51), PVL absent. Gonostylus (Fig. 51), LGP oblong apical setae short, VMP elongate. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 52), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 53) extending to anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus (Fig. 52) constricted basally, expanded medially then tapered posteriorly, dorsal surface with several spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 53) AAP curved medially with several apical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 54) tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 1). Length 6.3 mm. Head. Length 0.82 mm. Eyes separated by width of ocellar tubercle. Frons pubescence white; setae dark brown, short on dorsal half. Antenna dark brown, pubescence gray on scape and pedicel, dense; antenna / head length 0.71; scape length 0.16 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 1.6, scape / pedicel length 2.3, scape / flagellum width 1.0, setae dark reddish brown, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.07 mm, length / width 0.7; flagellum length 0.28 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 2.8, flagellum / scape length 1.8. Maxillary palpus length 0.38 mm, length / width 6.3. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Wing. Length 5.3 mm, width 1.6 mm, length / width 3.3. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1: 0: 4, pv 0: 0: 5. Tibiae dark yellow. Tarsomeres 1 – 2 dark yellow; 3 – 5 dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, glossy (Fig. 85), pubescence white posterolaterally on tergites 1 – 3 and 6 – 7 and over entire dorsum of tergite 5; dorsal setae dark brown, appressed with white, appressed setae posterolaterally on tergites 1 – 3. Terminalia (MEI 156087). Furca (Fig. 55) oval; length 0.58 mm, width 0.24 mm; anterolateral projection short. IMMATURE STAGES. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9B4315FF1FFBB6FDCCF247.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa insular is known from Jamaica (Fig. 88). Habitats and phenology. The specimens of Penniverpa insular were hand-netted in August or collected in a Malaise trap in April – May.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9B4315FF1FFBB6FDCCF247.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa insular Webb (MEI 088499) is labeled " JAMAICA, Try. Duncans, VIII – 23.1966, Howden & Becker " [18.47, - 77.54] and is deposited in the CNC. PARATYPE. JAIMAICA. WESTMORELAND PARISH. Negril [18.2667, - 78.35], 24. IV – 4. V. 1987, Malleck, G. J., 1 Ψ MEI 156087 (CAS).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9A4310FF1FFA0EFA6CF3E7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Megas (Greek) = large; plax (Greek) = plate, tablet. This name is derived from the large pointed plate on the ventral lobe and is used as a noun in apposition	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9A4310FF1FFA0EFA6CF3E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa megaplax is similar to P. alvatra, P. chersonesa, P. dives, and P. evani and is separated from these species by the PVL of ventral lobe (Fig. 57) being large and directed posterolaterally and the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 57) with an elongate VMP. The female of P. megaplax is indistinguishable for P. chersonesa and P. d i v e s but is separated from P. a l v a t r a in having white pubescence (Fig. 86) across the posterior margin of tergites 1 – 3, over the entire dorsum of tergite 5, and posterolaterally on tergite 6.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9A4310FF1FFA0EFA6CF3E7.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.8 – 7.0, 6.5 mm. Head. Length 0.72 – 0.90, 0.83 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae absent. Antenna reddish brown, pubescence gray on scape; antenna / head length 0.68 – 0.81, 0.74; scape length 0.14 – 0.17, 0.15 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 1.4 – 1.6, 1.5, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.3, 1.9, scape / flagellum width 0.83 – 0.91, 0.84, setae dark reddish brown, short, sparse with scattered short, white setae dorsally; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.08, 0.08 mm, width 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, length / width 0.7 – 0.8, 0.8; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.41, 0.38 mm, width 0.11 – 0.12, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.0 – 3.7, 3.2, flagellum / scape length 2.2 – 2.9, 2.5. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.30 – 0.40, 0.35 mm, width 0.06 mm, length / width 5.0 – 10.0, 6.1; setae dark reddish brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsomedially; macrosetae extending in single row ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum pubescence gray, dense; vittae evident as dull black bands; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale smoky brown; veins brown; length 5.3 – 6.5, 6.0 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.0 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.4, 3.0; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter pale brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora reddish brown; ventral setae white, elongate on fore – and midfemora, white on dorsal surface; av 1 – 2: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 1 – 5. Tibiae and tarsi dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Tergite 1 dark brown, pubescence white across posterior margin, tergites 2 – 7 dark reddish brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, denser across posterior margin. Terminalia (MEI 141597). Dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 56), setae dark brown continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 56), setae dark brown, scattered; ventral lobe (Fig. 57) PVL large, posterolaterally directed, pointed. Gonostylus (Fig. 57), LGP oblong, apical setae moderately long, VMP elongate, apical setae moderately long. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 58), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 59) extending slightly beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 58) tapered posteriorly with scattered spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 59) AAP elongate with two large apical spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 60), tapered posteriorly in broad curved ventrally. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.5 – 7.2, 7.0 mm. Head. Length 0.76 – 0.88, 0.81 mm. Frons pubescence dark brown to black, silver gray ventrally; setae dark brown, short on dorsal half, extending partially into area of silver gray pubescence. Antenna / head length 0.70 – 0.84, 0.77; scape length 0.14 – 0.20, 0.16 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 1.2 – 2.0, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 3.3, 2.2, scape / flagellum width 0.83 – 1.00, 0.98; pedicel length 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.8, 0.7; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.44, 0.38 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 3.2 – 4.2, 3.8, flagellum / scape length 1.9 – 3.3, 2.4, setae dark brown, short, basodorsally. Maxillary palpus length 0.32 – 0.40, 0.36 mm, length / width 5.3 – 6.3, 6.0. Occipital macrosetae scattered from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Vittae dark brown, more evident than in males. Wings. Length 5.5 – 6.3, 6.1 mm, width 1.7 – 2.1, 1.9 mm, length / width 3.0 – 3.7, 3.3. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1 – 2: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 2 – 3. Abdomen. Tergites 1 – 3 dark brown, glossy (Fig. 86), posterior fourth orange brown, narrow medially, with white pubescence across posterior margin; tergite 4 orange-brown, glossy; tergites 5 – 8 brown, pubescence white over entire dorsum of tergite 5 and posterolaterally on tergite 6; dorsal setae dark brown, elongate, appressed on brown areas of tergites 1 – 3, orange brown areas of tergites 1 – 3 with white appressed setae; tergites 4 – 8 with short, erect, dark brown setae. Terminalia (MEI 110555). Furca (Fig. 61), sides broadly emarginate; length 0.74 mm, width 0.26 mm; anterolateral projection short, thick. IMMATURE STAGES. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9A4310FF1FFA0EFA6CF3E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa megaplax is known from Argentina and Bolivia (Fig. 89). Habitats and phenology. Penniverpa megaplax has been hand-netted or collected in Malaise and pan traps in February, March, August, September, and October.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9A4310FF1FFA0EFA6CF3E7.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa megaplax Webb (MEI 110550) is labeled " Bolivia, Santa Cruz Prov., 5 km N Camiri; 28 - II- 1999; 2580 ft., M. E. Irwin & F. D. Parker, 19 ° 59.2 ' S, 63 ° 31.98 ' W " and is deposited in CAS (Type No. 18252). PARATYPES. ARGENTINA. CATAMARCA. 8 km W Chumbicha, Trampasacha, [- 28.833, - 66.305], 650 m, 24. X. 2003, Parker, F. D., Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 161630 (MEIC); S La Vina, El Pintado [- 28.05, - 65.583], 650 m, 27 – 29. IX. 1968, Peña, 2 ɗ MEI 141432, 141434 (CNC). JUJUY. NE Guemes [General Martin Miguel de Guemes], Agua Caliente [- 24.585, - 64.917], 1100 m, 18 – 19. X. 1968, Peña, 2 ɗ MEI 141496, 141497, 1 Ψ 141488 (CNC). SALTA. 60 km S Guemes [- 25.206, - 65.051], 8. X. 1968, Peña, 1 ɗ MEI 0 74216 (CNC). BOLIVIA. FLORIDA. Buena Vista [- 17.461, - 63.661], 13. II. 1999, Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ MEI 111780 (MEIC); 23. II. 1999, 1 Ψ MEI 111746 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 27. II. 1999, 1 Ψ MEI 111732 (MEIC), Malaise trap. SANTA CRUZ. 10 km N Santa Cruz [- 17.7, - 63.2], 19. III. 1975, Irwin, M. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88496 (MEIC); 11 km N Boyuibe [- 20.39, - 63.373], 884 m, 5. III. 1999, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 2 Ψ MEI 110555 – 6, (MEIC), pan trap; 6. III. 1999, 2 Ψ MEI 110553 – 4 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 5 km N Camiri, [- 19.995, - 63.53]. 786 m, 28. II. 1999, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ MEI 110551, 2 Ψ 110552, 110557 (MEIC); 12 km N Camiri [- 19.945, - 63.522], 884 m, 27. II – 6. III. 1999, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 5 Ψ MEI 122370 – 4 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 15 km S San Pedro Lorenzo [- 17.967, - 63.3], 17. VIII. 2000, Irwin, M. E., Hauser, M., 1 Ψ MEI 121790 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 20 km S Camiri, Quebrada Isiri [- 20.174, - 63.479], 865 m, 18. VIII – 2. IX. 2000, Irwin, M. E., Hauser, M., 2 ɗ MEI 121653, 121792, 2 Ψ 121793 – 4 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 3 km N Brasilio [- 18.114, - 63.175], 533 m, 26. II – 7. III. 1999, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ MEI 122367, 3 Ψ 111715, 111745, 122366 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 5 km N Camiri, [- 19.999, - 63.533], 786 m, 1. III. 1999, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ɗ MEI 111781 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Rio Seco [- 18.664, - 63.24], 610 m, 18. VIII – 2. IX. 2000, Irwin, M. E., Hauser, M., 1 Ψ MEI 121795 (MEIC), Malaise trap, river dunes; Acite Cuevo, 12 km W Boyuibe [- 20.384, - 63.404], 890 m, 18. VIII – 2. IX. 2000, Irwin, M. E., Hauser, M., 8 ɗ MEI 121175 (CSCA), 121176 (BMNH), 121184 (USNM), 121307 (INHS), 121313, 121317, 121320 (MEIC) 9 Ψ 121177 (CSCA), 121195 (USNM), 121305 (BMNH), 121311 (INHS), 121174, 121180, 121183, 121308, 121316 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Campo Guairuy, 24 km S Camiri [- 20.197, - 63.476], 870 m, 18. VIII – 2. IX. 2000, Irwin, M. E., Hauser, M., 2 ɗ MEI 119727, 121778, 1 Ψ 121779 (MEIC), Malaise trap. PARA- GUAY. CENTRAL. Ascuncion [- 25.2667, - 57.6667], 30. X. 1980, Lowrie, D. C., 2 Ψ MEI 170045 – 6 (USNM).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9F4312FF1FFAA4FEE1F60F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Multus (Latin) = much, many; seta (Latin) = bristle. This name is used as an adjective.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9F4312FF1FFAA4FEE1F60F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa multisetosa is similar to P. festina and P. i n s u l a r and is separated by having the occipital macrosetae sparse and scattered, in having setae on sternite 8 (Fig. 62) continuous across the posterior margin, and the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 63) lacking a VMP. The female of Penniverpa multisetosa is similar to P. festina is the pattern of pubescence on the abdomen but differs in having the abdominal cuticle dark reddish brown, concolorous. It differs from the female of P. insular in having white pubescence posterolaterally on tergite 5 (Fig. 87).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9F4312FF1FFAA4FEE1F60F.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.3 – 6.7, 6.1 mm. Head. Length 0.74 – 0.88, 0.79 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray, dense; antenna / head length 0.65 – 0.78, 0.73; scape length 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.6, 1.4, scape / pedicel length 1.5 – 2.0, 1.7, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.3, 1.0, setae black, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.08 mm, length / width 0.8; flagellum length 0.32 – 0.41, 0.36 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 2.8 – 4.1, 3.5, flagellum / scape length 2.1 – 2.9, 2.6. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.24 – 0.38, 0.30 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.06 mm, length / width 4.0 – 6.0, 4.8; setae dark brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsally; macrosetae dark brown, scattered. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum pubescence gray, vittae black separated by dense gray, pubescent stripe; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white to whitish yellow, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray; veins brown; length 4.8 – 5.8, 5.1 mm, width 1.5 – 1.9, 1.5 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.1, 3.0; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora dark brown, pubescence gray; ventral setae brown on fore – and midfemora, white dorsally; av 1 – 2: 0: 1 – 2, pv 0: 0: 4 – 9. Tibiae dark yellowish brown, apex dark brown. Tarsi brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense on posterior half of tergite 1, over all of tergites 2 – 8; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, denser across posterior margin. Terminalia (MEI 033959). Dark reddish brown, glossy. Sternite 8 (Fig. 62), setae dark brown continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 62), setae dark brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 63), PVL absent. Gonostylus (Fig. 63), LGP oblong, apical setae short, dark brown, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 64), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 65) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 64) constricted basally, medially, and apically with dorsal spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 65) AAP elongate, curved medially, with spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 66) tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 5). Body length 6.3 – 6.8, 6.5 mm. Head. Length 0.80 – 0.94, 0.84 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae reddish brown, short, in two bands on dorsal half. Antenna / head length 0.65 – 0.82, 0.75; scape length 0.15 – 0.17, 0.16 mm, width 0.10 mm, length / width 1.5 – 1.7, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 1.9 – 2.1, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08 mm, length / width 0.8; flagellum length 0.34 – 0.40, 0.38 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 3.1 – 4.0, 3.5, flagellum / scape length 2.3 – 2.5, 2.4. Maxillary palpus length 0.26 – 0.40, 0.34 mm, length / width 5.2 – 6.3, 5.8. Occipital macrosetae reddish brown, scattered. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa. Mesonotum with vittae dark brown, separated by grayish brown pubescent stripe; setae dark reddish brown to black, short, appressed with short, white setae laterally. Wing. Length 5.0 – 5.8, 5.3 mm, width 1.7 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.4, 3.1. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1: 0: 1, pv 0: 0: 3 – 12. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, glossy (Fig. 87), tergites 1 – 3 with white pubescence across posterior margin, tergites 5 – 6 with white pubescence posterolaterally; dorsal setae dark brown, elongate, appressed on brown areas, tergites 1 – 3 with white appressed setae across posterior margin. Terminalia (MEI 088487). Furca (Fig. 67) oblong; length 0.64 mm, width 0.28 mm; anterolateral projections short. IMMATURE STAGES. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9F4312FF1FFAA4FEE1F60F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa multisetosa is known from Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico (Fig. 89). Habitats and phenology. Penniverpa multisetosa has been hand-netted and sweep-netted on a beach, or collected in Malaise traps in January, March, April, May, and September.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9F4312FF1FFAA4FEE1F60F.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa multisetosa Webb (MEI 007685) is labeled " MEXICO, Jalisco, Puerto Vallarta, 25 Jan 1984, G. E. Bohart " and is deposited in the USNM. PARATYPES. GUATEMALA. Gualán [15.12, - 89.36], 20. I. 1905, Hine J. S., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88491 (OSU); 13. II. 1905, 1 ɗ MEI 0 88490 (OSU). SAN MARCOS. Ayutla [Ciudad Tecun Uman] [14.667, - 92.15], –. IV. 1913, Aldrich J. M, 3 ɗ MEI 088488 – 9 (USNM), 0 90399 (INHS), 2 Ψ 0 90397 (INHS), 0 90398 (USNM); date?, 1 Ψ MEI 0 90395. ZACAPA. [14.958, - 89.963], 400 m, 28 – 29. V. 1997, collector?, 1 ɗ MEI 141616 (MEIC), Malaise trap. HONDURAS. La Ceiba [5.78, - 86.8], 0 m, 26. IX. 1916, Dyer F. J., 1 ɗ MEI 0 88492 (USNM), sweep net on beach. MEXICO. El Centinela, 13. V. 1973, Lavigne R., 1 ɗ MEI 0 90382 (MEIC). CHIAPAS. 51.5 km W San Cristobal, Jct 190 – 195 Hwys. [16.74, - 93.103], 8. V. 1969, Teskey H. J., 1 ɗ MEI 141592 (CNC). JALISCO. Puerto Vallarta [20.604, - 105.236], 10. III. 1983, Vockeroth J. R., 1 ɗ MEI 141619 (CSCA); 25. I. 1984, Bohart G. E., 1 ɗ MEI 0 0 7664 (BMNH); 25. I. 1984, Bohart, G. E., 1 ɗ MEI 116843 (EMUS); Puerto Vallarta, Rio San Nicolas, Carr, Barra Novidad, Km 81 [19.2, - 104.69], 12. IV. 1991, Ramírez E., 1 ɗ MEI 103320 (EBCC). VERACRUZ. Campo Cotaxtla, [18.84, - 96.39], 9. V. 1968, author?, 1 Ψ MEI 112470 (USNM); 16. V. 1968, collector?, 1 ɗ MEI 112471, 1 Ψ (USNM); San Rafael, –. III. 1929, Townsend, 1 ɗ MEI 112467 (USNM).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9D4313FF1FFE36FDF0F677.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa parvula is similar to P. festina, P. insular, and P. multisetosa and is separated from theses species by the ommatidia being smaller ventrally and laterally, the wing veins pale yellowish brown, the LGP of the gonostylus (Fig. 69) being large, flange-like, and flattened dorsoventrally, the LGP lacking a VMP, the distiphallus in dorsal view (Fig. 70) broad, enlarged basally, tapered posteriorly and lacking dorsal spinous projections and in ventral view (Fig. 71) having the AAP short and lacking spinous projections. Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 2). Body length 6.3 – 6.7, 6.5 mm. Head. Length 0.70 mm. Ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, pubescence light gray on scape; antenna / head length 0.70 – 0.73, 0.71; scape length 0.11 – 0.12, 0.12 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 1.1 – 1.5, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 1.4 – 2.0, 1.7, scape / flagellum width 0.80 – 0.83, 0.82, setae black, short, sparse, macrosetae black; pedicel length 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 0.70 – 0.80, 0.73; flagellum length 0.30 – 0.33, 0.32 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 2.5 – 3.3, 2.9, flagellum / scape length 2.7 – 2.8, 2.7. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.34 mm, length / width 5.7 times longer than wide; setae dark brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae whitish yellow, sparse dorsomedially; macrosetae dark brown, extending as single row ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9D4313FF1FFE36FDF0F677.taxon	description	Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 sa. Mesonotum dark brown, pubescence whitish yellow; vittae indistinguishable; setae whitish yellow appressed (no distinguishable erect setae). Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane hyaline; veins pale yellowish brown; length 4.8 – 5.0, 4.9 mm, width 1.7 mm, length / width 2.8 – 2.9, 2.9; pterostigma indistinguishable. Halter brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora pale reddish brown, pubescence light gray; ventral setae white on fore – and midfemora, white dorsally; av 0: 0: 1 – 3, pv 0: 0: 2. Tibiae yellowish brown, slightly paler than femora. Tarsi yellowish brown. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, denser across posterior margin. Terminalia (MEI 076032). Dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 68), setae dark brown, continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 68), setae dark brown, macrosetae dark brown; ventral lobe (Fig. 69), PVL absent. Gonostylus (Fig. 69), LGP present as large flange, flattened dorsoventrally, glabrous, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 70), anterior margin slightly emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 71), extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 70) broad, rounded basally, tapered posteriorly, lacking dorsal spinous projections; ventral view (Fig. 71), AAP short, pointed, spinous projections absent; lateral view (Fig. 72) tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Unknown. IMMATURE STAGES. Unknown. Habitats and phenology. Adults have been hand-netted in February.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9D4313FF1FFE36FDF0F677.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa parvula is known from the state of Bahia in Brazil and in the city of Natal (this name is found in several states in Brazil). Specimens examined. Type specimen. The holotype male of Psilocephala parvula Kröber is labeled " Bahia [Brazil], Coll. Winthem " and is in the NHW. Other specimens. BRAZIL. Natal, 5 – 24. II. 1943, Snyder F. M., 1 ɗ MEI 0 76032 (AMNH).	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9C431EFF1FF884FDE6F6D7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Unus (Latin) = one, whole; spina (Latin) = thorn, backbone. This name is used as an adjective.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9C431EFF1FF884FDE6F6D7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa unispinosa is similar to P. bradleyi and P. e p i d e m a in lacking setae medially on the posterior margin of sternite 8 (Fig. 7). It differs from P. b r a d l e y i and P. e p i d e m a in possessing macrosetae along the posterior margin of the gonocoxite (Fig. 73), the PVL of the ventral lobe in the form of a broad ventroapical point (Fig. 74), and the VMP positioned apically on the LGP of the gonostylus. It also differs from P. e p i d e m a in having the LGP of the gonostylus linear (Fig. 74). The female of Penniverpa unispinosa is unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9C431EFF1FF884FDE6F6D7.taxon	description	Description of holotype MALE. Variation (n = 1). Body length 6.8 mm. Head. Length 0.80 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence silver, dense; setae absent. Antenna (flagellum missing) dark brown, scape pubescence gray, dense; scape length 0.16 mm, length / width 1.6, scape / pedicel length 2.0, setae black, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.08 mm, length / width 0.7. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.38 mm, length / width 6.3; setae dark brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsomedially; macrosetae dark brown, extending as single row from lateral end of postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum pubescence white, dense; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white to whitish yellow, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray; veins brown; length 5.4 mm, width 1.8 mm, length / width 3.0; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora dark brown, pubescence gray; ventral setae brown on fore – and midfemora, white dorsally; av 1: 0: 1, pv 0: 0: 3. Tibiae brown, apex dark brown. Tarsi dark brown. Abdomen. Reddish brown, pubescence white, dense on posterior half of tergite 1, over all of tergites 2 – 8; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, denser across posterior margin. Terminalia dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 73), setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 73), setae dark brown, macrosetae dark brown posteriorly; ventral lobe (Fig. 74), PVL in form of broad ventroapical point. Gonostylus (Fig. 74), LGP oblong, apical setae dark brown, short, VMP elongate, positioned apically, apical setae short. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 75), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme ventral view (Fig. 76), not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus (Fig. 75) narrow basally, tapered posteriorly with dorsal spinous projections, ventral view (Fig. 76) AAP elongate with spinous projections, lateral view (Fig. 77), tapered posteriorly in broad curved. FEMALE. Unknown. IMMATURE STAGES. Unknown. Habitats and phenology. Penniverpa unispinosa was hand-netted in March.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
DB732851FF9C431EFF1FF884FDE6F6D7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Penniverpa unispinosa is known from Mexico (Quintana Roo) (Fig. 88). Specimens examined. Type specimen. The holotype male of Penniverpa unispinosa Webb [MEI 088464] is labeled " MEXICO, Quintana Roo, Allen Point, Ascension Bay, 17. IV 1960, J. F. G. Clarke " [19.74, - 87.47] and is deposited in the USNM.	en	Webb, Donald W., Metz, Mark A. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa 1720: 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181100
