identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DB6A7053FF00B1035FA4FCCB6DEFD3C0.text	DB6A7053FF00B1035FA4FCCB6DEFD3C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeroplotina Miyatake 1969	<div><p>Genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake, 1969</p><p>Chinese name: ṞÖümw</p><p>Sphaeroplotina Miyatake 1969: 202; 1994: 281.</p><p>Type species: Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miytake, 1969 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Sphaeroplotina is similar to Plotina, but can be distinguished from the latter as follows: body rounded and nearly hemispherical (Figs 1 a–c, 3a–f); terminal palpomere parallel-sided, apically slightly narrowed (Figs 1i, 3i); ventrite 7 in male broadly and deeply emarginate at apex (Figs 5 a–b); elytral epipleuron reaching the elytral apex (Figs 1d, 4g). In Plotina: body oval; terminal palpomere strongly dilated; ventrite 7 in male subtruncate medially at apex (Figs 5 c–d); elytral epipleuron distinctly incomplete.</p><p>Description. Body rounded, nearly hemispherical, dorsal surface glabrous (Figs 1 a–c, 3a–f).</p><p>Head exposed dorsally, comparatively small (Figs 1c, 3c, 3f). Eyes dorsally 0.4–0.5× length of head capsule, with ocular canthus extending slightly into eyes (Fig 4c). Frons wide and flat, not emarginate. Antennae relatively long and stout, with 10 antennomeres: antennomere 1 large and bent; 2 shorter and narrower than 1; 3 somewhat triangular, distinctly longer than wide; 4–6 as wide or wider than long; 7 transverse, broadening apically, forming a short support for club; 8–10 gradually dilated, forming an elongate oval club. Antennomere 10 rounded apically (Figs 1f, 4b). Clypeus narrowing anteriorly, with anterior margin straight. Labrum partially hidden under clypeus, transverse (Fig. 4d). Mandible robust, with a subapical tooth just behind apical tooth, molar teeth in both mandibles are asymmetrical (Figs 1 g–h, 4f–g). Maxilla with cardo short; palpomere 2 subquadrate; palpomere 3 quadrate to weakly transverse; terminal palpomere elongate parallel-sided, apically obliquely truncate and sometimes slightly narrowed (Figs 1i, 3i). Labial palps with 3 palpomeres; apical palpomere as long as penultimate one; mentum trapezoidal, narrowed basally (Figs 1j, 4e).</p><p>Pronotum strongly convex; anterior margin broadly and rather deeply emarginate; anterior angle of pronotum prominent; lateral edge smooth; basal marginal line along the edge distinct but incomplete (Figs 1c, 3c, 3f). Prosternum T-shaped with board lateral wings; prosternal process 0.7× coxal diameter, with arcuate carinae extended laterally (Figs 1e, 3h). Prosternum in front of coxae about 2× as long as basal width of prosternal process (Figs 1e, 3h). Procoxal cavity transverse.</p><p>Mesoventral process broad, 1.3–1.4× as wide as mesocoxal diameter, meso-metaventral junction forming a straight line, with suture visible (Fig. 3g). Elytral epipleuron complete to apex, surface nearly horizontal and flat without distinct foveae (Figs 1d, 3g). Metaventrite with discrimen incomplete (Fig. 3j). Protibia distinctly broadened without apical spurs, mid tibia with single apical spur, hind tibia with two apical spurs. Meso- and metatibiae slender, shallowly excavated for reception of tarsi, tarsi pseudotrimerous, tarsal claws simple without basal tooth (Figs 1 l–m, 3k–l, 4a).</p><p>Abdomen with five visible ventrites in both sexes; ventrite 1 slightly longer than ventrite 2, posterior margin straight or weakly arcuate; ventrite 7 in male broadly and deeply emarginate at apex (Figs 5 a–b). Abdominal postcoxal lines complete, strongly and unevenly curved, nearly reaching posterior margin of ventrite 1, with outer part of line subparallel to abdominal side, oblique dividing line absent (Figs 1k, 4h).</p><p>Distribution. China</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6A7053FF00B1035FA4FCCB6DEFD3C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tong, Junbo;Chen, Jianjun;Zhang, Xiaoning;Chen, Xiaosheng;Wang, Xingmin	Tong, Junbo, Chen, Jianjun, Zhang, Xiaoning, Chen, Xiaosheng, Wang, Xingmin (2020): A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini). Zootaxa 4859 (3): 419-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.3.7
DB6A7053FF03B1035FA4FE536D41D5D9.text	DB6A7053FF03B1035FA4FE536D41D5D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake 1969	<div><p>Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2, 5a, 6)</p><p>Chinese name: ÑḢṞÖüm</p><p>Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake, 1969: 204; Miyatake, 1994: 281; Ren et al., 2009: 29</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other species of Plotinini by the extraordinary pattern on the elytra (Figs 1 a–c). The structures of the male genitalia are similar to S. varimarginata sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the later by having penis guide which is slightly longer than parameres, and stout in ventral view with widest part about 1.52× of its basal width.</p><p>Description. TL: 3.75–4.13 mm, TW: 3.30–3.59 mm, TH: 1.97–2.06 mm, TL/TW: 1.12–1.19, PL/PW: 0.25– 0.33, EL/EW: 0.94–1.02.</p><p>Body moderately large, broadly oval, moderately convex, shining and glabrous (Figs 1 a–d). Head reddish brown with maxillary palpi and labrum yellowish brown (Figs 1 c–d). Pronotum reddish brown, with a transverse black spot at base, scutellar shield black (Figs 1 a–c). Ground color of elytron reddish brown, with two large yellow spots at base and apex; each elytron with six dark spots as show in Figure 1a (Fig. 1a). Ventral surfaces yellow to black; discrimen of metaventrite, area around coxae and external border of epipeura dark (Fig. 1d). Legs yellowish brown (Figs 1d, 1 l–m).</p><p>Head moderately small, 0.38× of elytral width (EW/HW=2.62); frontal surface of head capsule slightly convex; punctures on frons fine, with long setae in punctures; eyes small, broadly oval, widest interocular distance 0.57× width of head (Fig. 1c). Pronotum 0.61× as wide as elytra (EW/PW=1.65), pronotal punctures fine, similar to those on head. Punctures on elytra moderately large, irregular, and obviously larger than those on pronotum (Fig. 1a).</p><p>Surface of prosternum slightly shagreened, punctures moderately large, with sparse short setae. Mesoventrite slightly shagreened, punctures fine, with several short setae. Metaventrite broad, punctures fine but distinctly larger near discrimen, with short sparse setae (Fig 1d). Abdominal postcoxal lines complete, almost touching posterior margin of ventrite 1 (Fig. 1k).</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis long and slender, penis capsule with short outer process and long inner one, apex of penis pointed (Figs 2 a–b). Penis guide in lateral view short and stout, widest at base, tapering to apex, apex pointed; parameres arcuate, slightly longer than penis guide, sparsely setose on apical and inner surfaces, and with a tuft of long setae at their bases (Fig. 2c); penis guide in ventral view stout, widest at basal 2/5, distinctly narrowed at base, with widest part about 1.52× of basal width, apically rounded with a small protuberance (Fig. 2d).</p><p>Female genitalia: Coxites elongate, triangular; styli distinct with terminal setae (Fig 2f); spermatheca with a subrounded nodulus and a slender cornu (Fig. 2e).</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 1♂, Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve, Hainan, 24.VII.2006, Wang XM leg (SCAU) ; 1♀, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve, Hainan, 1983, Huang YX leg (SCAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Hainan) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to Paraplotina tamdaoensis Hoàng, 1982 in structures of the male genitalia, but can be distinguished from the later by the small protuberance at the apex of penis guide in ventral view (Fig 2d). In P. tamdaoensis, penis guide in ventral view apically rounded without protuberance (Hoàng 1982; Wang et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6A7053FF03B1035FA4FE536D41D5D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tong, Junbo;Chen, Jianjun;Zhang, Xiaoning;Chen, Xiaosheng;Wang, Xingmin	Tong, Junbo, Chen, Jianjun, Zhang, Xiaoning, Chen, Xiaosheng, Wang, Xingmin (2020): A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini). Zootaxa 4859 (3): 419-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.3.7
DB6A7053FF05B1095FA4FB926CB4D32C.text	DB6A7053FF05B1095FA4FB926CB4D32C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeroplotina varimarginata Tong & Chen & Zhang & Chen & Wang 2020	<div><p>Sphaeroplotina varimarginata Tong &amp; Wang sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 3, 4, 5b, 6)</p><p>Chinese name: KṚṞÖüm</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. hainanensis in structures of the male genitalia, but can be distinguished from the later by having rather short penis guide which is apparently shorter than parameres, and slender in ventral view with widest part about 1.08× of its basal width. In S. hainanensis, penis guide is slightly longer than parameres and its widest part is about 1.52× of its basal width in ventral view.</p><p>Description. TL: 3.87–4.18 mm, TW: 3.19–3.67 mm, TH: 1.93–2.16 mm, TL/TW: 1.13–1.21, PL/PW: 0.27– 0.28, EL/EW: 0.99–1.06.</p><p>Body moderately large, broadly oval, moderately convex, shining and glabrous (Figs 3 a–f). Head and pronotum reddish brown (Figs 3 a–f). Scutellar shield reddish brown with black borders (Figs 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f). Ground color of elytra reddish brown, with large yellow irregular spots at base and apex and each elytron with five dark spots in male as show in Fig. 3a and four dark spots in female as show in Fig. 3d. Ventral surfaces yellow to reddish brown; median discrimen of metaventrite dark (Fig. 3g). Legs reddish brown (Figs 3g, 3 k–l, 4a).</p><p>Head moderately small, 0.38× as wide as elytra (EW/HW=2.62); frontal surface of head capsule slightly convex; punctures on frons fine, with long setae in punctures; eyes small, broadly oval, widest interocular distance 0.53× width of head (Fig. 4c). Pronotum 0.61× of elytral width (EW/PW=1.65), pronotal punctures fine, similar to those on head (Figs 3c, 3f). Punctures on elytra moderately large, irregular and obviously larger than those on pronotum (Figs 3a, 3d).</p><p>Surface of prosternum slightly shagreened, punctures moderately large, with sparse short setae (Figs 3g, 3j). Mesoventrite slightly shagreened, punctures fine, with several short setae. Metaventrite broad, punctures fine but distinctly larger near discrimen, with short sparse setae (Figs 3 g–h). Abdominal postcoxal lines complete, almost touching posterior margin of ventrite 1 (Fig. 4h).</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis long and slender, penis capsule with short outer arm and long inner one, apex of penis pointed (Figs 4 i–j). Penis guide in lateral view short and stout, widest at base, tapering to apex, apex pointed; parameres arcuate, longer than penis guide, sparsely setose on apical and inner areas, and with a tuft of long setae at bases (Fig. 4k); penis guide in ventral view stout, widest at 1/2 length, tapering to rounded apex, with widest part about 1.08× of basal width (Fig. 4i).</p><p>Female genitalia: Coxites elongate, triangular; styli distinct with terminal setae (Fig 4n); spermatheca with a rounded nodulus and a slender, curved cornu (Fig. 4m).</p><p>Types. Holotype: China: 1♂, Xiaohuangshan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.01611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.928333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.01611/lat 24.928333)">Nanling National Natural Reserve</a>, Guangdong, [24°55′42″N 113°0′58″E], 1320–1600 m, 19.VI.2017, Huo LZ leg (SCAU) . Paratypes: 1♀, Protection Station, Nanling Na- tional <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.00361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.936943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.00361/lat 24.936943)">Natural Reserve</a>, Guangdong, [24°56′13″N 113°0′13″E], 997 m, 16. VI .2017, Huo LZ leg (SCAU); 2♀♀, Qinshuigu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.0375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.914722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.0375/lat 24.914722)">Nanling National Natural Reserve</a>, Guangdong, [24°54′53″N 113°2′15″E], 482–778 m, 18. VI .2017, Huo LZ leg (SCAU); 1♀, Huangniping, Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Guangdong, 7.X.2004, Wang XM leg (SCAU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Guangdong) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Variation. Sexual dimorphism evident. In female, lateral elytral margins remarkably expanded externally and elytron with four spots. In male, lateral elytral margins very narrow and elytron with five spots.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet varimarginata derives from the Latin words varius (=various) and marginatus (=marginal), referring to the variable external borders of the elytra between males and females. It is a noun in apposition</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6A7053FF05B1095FA4FB926CB4D32C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tong, Junbo;Chen, Jianjun;Zhang, Xiaoning;Chen, Xiaosheng;Wang, Xingmin	Tong, Junbo, Chen, Jianjun, Zhang, Xiaoning, Chen, Xiaosheng, Wang, Xingmin (2020): A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini). Zootaxa 4859 (3): 419-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.3.7
DB6A7053FF09B1095FA4FE3F69D9D020.text	DB6A7053FF09B1095FA4FE3F69D9D020.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeroplotina Miyatake 1969	<div><p>Key to species of the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake, 1969</p><p>1 Pronotum reddish brown with a transverse black spot at base; penis guide in ventral view widest at basal 2/5, distinctly narrowed at base, with widest part about 1.52× of basal width...................... Sphaeroplotina hainanensis Miyatake</p><p>- Pronotum reddish brown without black spot at base; penis guide in ventral view widest at basal 1/2, with widest part about 1.08× of basal width.................................................... Sphaeroplotina varimarginata sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6A7053FF09B1095FA4FE3F69D9D020	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tong, Junbo;Chen, Jianjun;Zhang, Xiaoning;Chen, Xiaosheng;Wang, Xingmin	Tong, Junbo, Chen, Jianjun, Zhang, Xiaoning, Chen, Xiaosheng, Wang, Xingmin (2020): A contribution to the genus Sphaeroplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae Plotinini). Zootaxa 4859 (3): 419-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.3.7
