taxonID	type	description	language	source
D478632273280158FF04FAA57C0DFB47.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male (BDN No. 23475), CHINA: Hebei Province, Weichang County, Qipan Town (42 ° 10 ’ N, 117 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 1800 m, light trap, 18. vii. 2001, Yuhong Guo. Paratypes: 2 males (BDN No. 23445, 23386), as holotype; 2 males (BDN No. 13146, 13164); Sichuan Province: Kangding County, Wasigou (30 ° 03 ’ N, 101 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 3700 m, light trap, 15. vi. 1996, 7 males, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 5412, 0 5410, 0 5377, 0 5408, 0 5414, 1185, 05411); Ningxia Autonomous Region: Guyuan City, Xumi Mountain (36 ° 01 ’ N, 106 ° 14 ’ E), alt. 1700 m, light trap, 28. viii. 1988, 1 male, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05376); Fujian Province: Shanghang County, Gutian Town (25 ° 13 ’ N, 116 ° 49 ’ E), alt. 1730 m, light trap, 1 male, 3. v. 1993, Xinhua Wang. Diagnostic characters. Similar to P. hamatus Wang et Zheng in coloration, and posteriorly curved inferior volsella. It can be separated by a slightly lower AR (AR 1.0 – 1.4 as opposed to 1.5 – 1.7); humeral pit more or less triangular; an inferior volsella which is relatively more narrow basally, protruding medially, and strongly hooked posteriorly; and a gonostylus slightly expanded in basal 1 / 4 and with a rounded, sometimes indistinctly expanded crista dorsalis.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273280158FF04FAA57C0DFB47.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, aduncus, bent inward, referring to the posteriorly strongly hooked inferior volsella.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273280158FF04FAA57C0DFB47.taxon	description	Description. Adult male (n = 13) Total length 2.6 – 3.8, 3.1 mm. Wing length 1.5 – 1.8, 1.7 mm. Total length / wing length 1.7 – 2.1, 1.9. Wing length / length of profemur 2.4 – 2.7, 2.5. Coloration. Head dark brown, palp and antenna brown. Thorax dark brown. Legs yellowish brown. Abdominal yellowish brown to brown. Head. AR 1.0 – 1.4, 1.2, ultimate flagellomere 430 – 600, 506 µm long, with groove from the fourth flagellomere, apex without sensilla chaetica. Temporal setae 10 – 13, including 6 inner verticals, 3 outer verticals, 2 – 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 10 – 12, 11 setae. Tentorium 140 – 160, 149 µm long; 35 – 50, 40 µm wide. Stipes 150 – 170, 158 µm long, 8 – 10 µm wide. Palpomeres length (in µm): 33 – 40, 37; 48 – 68, 57; 88 – 118, 101; 100 – 138, 113; 150 – 198, 174. Palpomere 5 / 3: 1.6 – 1.9, 1.75. Wing (Fig. 1 A). Squama with 8 – 14, 12 fringe hairs, Brachiolum with 1 seta and 11 – 15, 13 sensilla campaniformia, R with 5 – 7, 6 setae. Costal extension 30 – 33, 32 µm long. VR 1.0 – 1.2, 1.1. Cu length 650 – 800, 704 µm. Cu / wing length 0.40 – 0.44, 0.42. Wing width / wing length 0.30 – 0.33, 0.32. Thorax (Fig. 1 B). Dorsocentrals 12 – 18, 14; acrostichals more than 6; prealars 3 – 4, 3. Scutellum with 6 – 8, 7 setae. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 40 – 68, 55 µm long; spurs of mid tibia 20 – 30, 25 µm and 15 – 23, 18 µm long; of hind tibia 43 – 55, 50 µm and 10 – 15, 13 µm long. Hind tibial comb with 10 – 14, 12 setae. Width at apex of fore tibia 35 – 43, 40 Μm; of mid tibia 35 – 45, 38 Μm; of hind tibia 45 – 53, 50 Μm. Sensilla chaetica 8 – 15, 11 on ta 1 of P 3. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1. Fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 p 1 600 – 710, 652 760 – 950, 840 420 – 570, 484 280 – 350, 311 205 – 250, 222 p 2 630 – 760, 680 670 – 790, 718 320 – 380, 340 185 – 215, 200 145 – 180, 154 p 3 600 – 770, 662 780 – 960, 846 420 – 540, 470 230 – 280, 253 170 – 230, 199 continued. ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 140 – 7160, 149 100 – 7115, 110 0.55 – 70.60, 0.57 2.4 – 72.6, 2.5 2.9 – 73.2, 3.1 2.0 – 72.4, 2.2 p 2 105 – 7125, 110 98 – 7110, 103 0.46 – 70.49, 0.48 2.6 – 73.1, 2.9 4.0 – 74.2, 4.1 1.7 – 72.4, 2.1 p 3 115 – 7145, 126 110 – 7125, 113 0.53 – 70.59, 0.56 2.7 – 73.0, 2.8 3.1 – 73.3, 3.2 2.0 – 72.7, 2.3 Abdomen (Fig. 1 C). With many long setae. Setae on tergites I – VI as illustrated. Hypopygium (Fig 1 D – E). Laterosternite IX with 6 – 8, 7 long setae. Phallapodeme 60 – 80, 72 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 110 – 130, 124 m long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 200 – 215, 210 Μm long; with more than 18 long setae. Superior volsella weakly developed, rounded. Inferior volsella hook – shaped. Gonostylus 80 – 99, 90 Μm long, with crista dorsalis. Megaseta 13 – 15, 14 µm long. HR 2.2 – 2.6, 2.4; HV 2.9 – 3.9, 3.5. Distribution. The specimens were collected in subtropical areas in Sichuan and Fujian Provinces (Oriental China); Hebei Province and Ningxia Autonomous Region (Palaearctic China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732A015FFF04FAB57CC8F9E3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Jilin Province, Jilin City, Changbaishan Mountain (43 ° 55 ’ N, 126 ° 26 ’ E), alt. 1700 m, 25. vi. 1986, light trap, holotype male, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05384), Additional material: Sichuan Province: Ganzi Autonomous State, Luding County (29 ° 55 ’ N, 102 ° 14 ’ E), alt. 1395 m, light trap, 1 male, 7. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12340); Ganzi Autonomous State, Yajiang County (30 ° 02 ’ N, 101 ° 01 ’ E), alt. 1900 m, light trap, 1 male, 6. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12247); Wenchuan County, Yingxiu Town (31 ° 03 ’ N, 103 ° 29 ’ E), alt. 994 m, light trap, 2 males, 15. vii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 4571, 04577); Kangding County, Wasigou (30 ° 03 ’ N, 101 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 3700 m, light trap, 2 males, 15. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 23796, 23797); Yunnan Province: Lijiang Naxizu Autonomous County, Shizishan Mountain (26 ° 51 ’ N, 100 ° 15 ’ E), alt. 2400 m, 1 male, 15. vii. 2001, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 13145); Eryuan County, Niujie Town, Meici River (26 ° 6 ' N, 99 ° 56 ' E), alt. 2332 m, light trap, 3 males, 2. vi. 1996, Changfa Zhou (BDN No. 0 9757, 0 9921, 09923); Dali County (25 ° 40 ’ N, 100 ° 12 ’ E), alt. 2300 m, light trap, 1 male, 22. v. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 11049); Ningxia Autonomous Region: Wuzhong City, Tongxin County, Changshantou Farm (36 ° 58 ’ N, 105 ° 55 ’ E), alt. 1353 m, 2 males, 4. viii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 5387, 05388); Yinchuan City, Helan County, Helanshan Mountain (38 ° 29 ’ N, 106 ° 08 ’ E), alt. 1118 m, light trap, 4 males, 26. vii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 54390, 0 5397, 0 5399, 05400); Shandong Province: Taishan Mountain (36 ° 15 ’ N, 117 ° 02 ’ E), alt. 1500 m, 3 males, 26. v. 1994, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 3251, 0 3245, 03247),; Hebei Province: Weichang County, Qipan Town (42 ° 10 ’ N, 117 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 1800 m, light trap, 3 males, 16. vii. 2001, Yuhong Guo (BDN No. 23352, 23350, 23388); Chengde City, West Railway Station (40 ° 58 ’ N, 117 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 360 m, light trap, 4 males, 12. vii. 2001, Yuhong Guo (BDN No. 23325, 23326, 23327, 23328); Henan Province: Xinyang County, Jigongshan Mountain (31 ° 48 ’ N, 114 ° 05 ’ E), alt. 690 m, light trap, 9. vii. 1997, 1 male, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 13145); Shananxi Province Baoji City, Feng County, Qinling (33 ° 58 ’ N, 106 ° 46 ’ E), alt. 1302 m, sweeping, 1 male, 27. vii. 1994, Wenjun Bu (BDN No. 08282); Gansu Province: Tianshui City, Maijishan Mountain (34 ° 21 ’ N, 106 ° 00 ’ E), alt. 1600 m, 7. viii. 1986, 1 male, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 16178). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having high AR; humeral pit well developed, almost rectangular; inferior volsella bilobed, and gonostylus with crista dorsalis. It is similar to P. t a m a a t e r Sasa in the shape of inferior volsella, but differ in the higher antennal ratio of 1.6 – 2.0, 1.8 as compared to 1.14 in P. tamaater; in the coloration and in the chaetotaxy of the abdomen. Additions to description (n = 31). Total length 2.7 – 3.6, 3.1 mm. Wing length 1.4 – 2.0, 1.8 mm. Total length / wing length 1.7 – 2.0, 1.8. Wing length / length of profemur 2.3 – 2.8, 2.6. Temporal setae 8 – 11. Tentorium 140 – 180, 159 µm long, 35 – 45, 39 µm wide. Stipes 140 – 160, 155 µm long; 8 – 10, 9 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.4 – 1.9, 1.7. Dorsocentrals 15 – 18, 16 setae; prealars 4 – 5. Scutellum with 4 – 8, 6 setae. Squama with 11 – 15, 13 fringe setae. Sensilla chaetica 10 – 14, 12 on ta 1 of P 3. Laterosternite IX with 6 – 8, 7 long setae. Phallapodeme 65 – 80, 75 µm long, transverse sternapodeme 100 – 195, 135 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 185 – 238, 215 µm long. Gonostylus 78 – 108, 88 µm long, with crista dorsalis. Megaseta 10 – 15, 13 µm long. HR 2.1 – 3.1, 2.5, HV 3.1 – 3.5, 3.3.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732A015FFF04FAB57CC8F9E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The Chinese specimen was collected in Ningxia Autonomous Regions; Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Gansu Provinces (Palaearctic China); Shananxi (Baoji City), Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces (Oriental China). This is the first record from Oriental China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732A015FFF04FAB57CC8F9E3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The shape of the inferior volsella varies among different localities (Fig. 2 A – K).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732D015DFF04F9677BF3F9F1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, (BDN No. 12319), CHINA: Sichuan Province: Ganzi Autonomous State, Luding County, Wucigou (29 ° 55 ’ N, 102 ° 14 ’ E), alt. 2750 m, light trap, 7. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang. Paratypes: 2 males, (BDN No. 12313, 12317), as holotype. Guangxi Autonomous Region: Longsheng County, Sanmen Town (25 ° 43 ’ N, 109 ° 52 ’ E), alt. 1954 m, light trap, 1 male, 27. v. 1990, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 1768); Hainan Province: Changjiang County, Bawang Mountain (18 ° 50 ’ N, 109 ° 14 ’ E), alt. 533 m, light trap, 1 male, 11. v. 1989, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05724); Shandong Province: Yantai City, Muping District (37 ° 16 ’ N, 121 ° 32 ’ E), alt. 217 m, light trap, 1 male, 25. viii. 1988, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 1760). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having abdominal tergites II – III, VI – VIII dark brown and other tergites yellowish; setae on tergites IV – V distinctly reduced (11 – 12 setae as opposed to more than 20 in other tergites) in number; humeral pit absent; inferior volsella bilobed and well developed; and gonostylus with a very small crista dorsalis.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732D015DFF04F9677BF3F9F1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, bicinctus, referring to the coloration of abdominal tergites.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732D015DFF04F9677BF3F9F1.taxon	description	Description. Adult male (n = 6) Total length 2.15 – 2.68, 2.40 mm. Wing length 1.23 – 1.50, 1.35 mm. Total length / wing length 1.7 – 1.9, 1.8. Wing length / length of profemur 2.5 – 2.9, 2.7. Coloration. Head dark brown, palp and antenna brown. Thorax yellowish brown to dark brown. Legs with femur of fore-, mid- and hind leg dark brown in basal 1 / 3; tarsomere 1 in apical 1 / 2 and tarsomere 2 – 5 of fore leg dark brown, other parts yellow. Abdominal tergites II – III, VI – VIII dark brown, other tergites yellowish. Head. AR 0.83 – 0.98, 0.90, ultimate flagellomere 330 – 390, 349 µm long, with groove from the fourth flagellomere, apex without sensilla chaetica. Temporal setae 4 – 5, including 3 inner verticals, 1 – 2 outer verticals. Clypeus with 9 – 12, 10 setae. Tentorium 120 – 125, 123 µm long; 25 – 33, 29 µm wide. Stipes 120 – 125, 123 µm long; 5 – 8, 6 µm wide. Palpomeres length (in µm): 25 – 28, 27; 33 – 38, 36; 70 – 90, 80; 93 – 100, 96; 133 – 170, 152. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.5 – 2.3, 2.0. Wing (Fig. 3 A). Squama with 14 – 16, 15 setae, R with 4 setae. Costal extension 60 – 65, 63 µm long. VR 1.1 – 1.2, 1.15. Cu length 500 – 630, 560 µm. Cu / wing length 0.41 – 0.43, 0.42. Wing width / wing length 0.31 – 0.33, 0.32. Thorax (Fig. 3 B). Dorsocentrals 16 – 20, 18; acrostichals 8 – 12, 10; prealars 3. Scutellum with 16 – 20, 18 setae. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 30 – 40, 36 µm long; spurs of mid tibia 15 – 18, 17 µm and 13 – 15, 14 µm long; of hind tibia 40 – 50, 43 µm and 15 – 20, 18 µm long. Hind tibial comb with 11 – 13, 12 setae. Width at apex of fore tibia 33 – 38, 35 Μm; of mid tibia 33 – 40, 36 m; of hind tibia 38 – 45, 41 Μm. Sensilla chaetica 8 on ta 1 of P 3. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2. Fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 p 1 450 – 7580, 510 600 – 7770, 698 370 – 7470, 435 225 – 7280, 260 160 – 7205, 189 p 2 490 – 7640, 573 520 – 7650, 583 255 – 7310, 286 145 – 7175, 160 110 – 7130, 120 p 3 480 – 7600, 533 560 – 7710, 633 325 – 7410, 366 180 – 7220, 201 135 – 7165, 154 continued. ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 115 – 7145, 133 85 – 7105, 94 0.61 – 70.64, 0.63 2.4 – 72.5, 2.4 2.6 – 72.9, 2.8 1.5 – 71.9, 1.7 p 2 70 – 780, 76 65 – 780, 75 0.48 – 70.53, 0.50 3.2 – 73.4, 3.3 3.8 – 74.2, 4.0 1.3 – 71.8, 1.6 p 3 80 – 795, 84 75 – 780, 77 0.57 – 70.59, 0.58 2.9 – 73.1, 3.0 3.1 – 73.2, 3.2 1.8 – 72.5, 2.1 Abdomen (Fig. 3 C). Tergites II – III very setose, distinctly fewer on tergites IV – VI. Setae on tergites I – IX as illustrated. Hypopygium (Fig. 3 D – E). Laterosternite IX with 6 – 8, 7 long setae. Phallapodeme 45 – 50, 48 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 90 – 103, 95 Μm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 155 – 175, 170 Μm long; with more than 12 long setae. Superior volsella small, rounded. Inferior volsella bilobed. Gonostylus 80 – 85, 82 Μm long, with small crista dorsalis. Megaseta 8 – 10, 9 µm long. HR 1.9 – 2.2, 2.1; HV 2.6 – 3.2, 2.9.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732D015DFF04F9677BF3F9F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The specimens were collected in subtropical areas in Sichuan and Hainan Provinces, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Oriental China; Shandong Province, Palaearctic China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732E015CFF04FF637D3FF86D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, (BDN No. 10728), CHINA: Yunnan Province, Lijiang City, Agriculture School Reservoir (26 ° 52 ’ N, 100 ° 13 ’ E), alt. 2400 m, light trap, 28. v. 1996, Xinhua Wang. Paratypes: 3 males, (BDN No. 10727, 10726, 10725), as holotype. Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by the following combined characters: AR 1.65 – 1.82, 1.75; humeral pit well developed, rounded; dorsocentrals more than 20; scutellum with 26 – 30, 28 setae. Tergite I – IV with many long setae on anterior, posterior, lateral margins and median part, but anterior margin of tergite V – VI without setae. Inferior volsellae boxer’s glove-shaped.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732E015CFF04FF637D3FF86D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, caestus, boxer’s glove, referring to the shape of the inferior volsella.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322732E015CFF04FF637D3FF86D.taxon	description	Description. Adult male (n = 4) Total length 3.38 – 3.68, 3.50 mm. Wing length 1.95 – 2.15, 2.0 mm. Total length / wing length 1.6 – 1.8, 1.7. Wing length / length of profemur 2.5 – 2.65, 2.6. Coloration. Head black – brown, palp and antenna brown. Thorax dark brown. Legs brown. Abdominal yellowish brown. Head. AR 1.65 – 1.82, 1.75, ultimate flagellomere 630 – 660, 650 µm long, without groove, apex slightly thin and without sensilla chaetica. Temporal setae 5 – 7, including 3 – 4 outer verticals, 2 – 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 12 – 14, 13 setae. Tentorium 150 – 175, 165 µm long; 35 – 45, 38 µm wide. Stipes 115 – 125 µm long, 8 µm wide. Palpomeres length (in µm): 35 – 40, 38; 55 – 75, 60; 130 – 145, 138; 125 – 130, 128; 190 – 225, 208. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.4 – 1.6, 1.5. Wing (Fig. 4 A). Squama with 14 – 18, 16 setae, Brachiolum with 1 seta and 8 sensilla campaniformia, R with 5 setae. Costal extension 20 – 25, 23 µm long. VR 1.0 – 1.2, 1.1. Cu length 830 – 950, 873 µm. Cu / wing length 0.43 – 0.44. Wing width / wing length 0.28 – 0.29, 0.29. Thorax (Fig. 4 B). Dorsocentrals 23 – 26, 24; acrostichals more than 6; prealars 4 – 6, 5. Scutellum with 26 – 30, 28 setae. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 55 – 60, 58 µm long; spurs of mid tibia 30 – 35, 32 µm and 20 – 25 µm long; of hind tibia 60 – 65, 63 µm and 20 – 25 µm long. Hind tibial comb with 11 – 14, 13 setae. Width at apex of fore tibia 43 – 45, 44 Μm; of mid tibia 45 Μm; of hind tibia 53 – 58, 54 Μm. Sensilla chaetica 6 – 12, 9 on ta 1 of P 3. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 3. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 p 1 760 – 7810, 790 950 – 71050, 1000 560 – 7600, 587 340 – 7400, 372 250 – 7280, 263 p 2 780 – 7870, 860 820 – 7900, 853 360 – 7410, 390 205 – 7230, 222 165 – 7185, 175 p 3 780 – 7840, 810 950 – 71050, 1003 510 – 7670, 580 260 – 7315, 292 210 – 7245, 232 continued. ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 180 – 7200, 192 130 – 7140, 135 0.57 – 70.60, 0.59 2.4 – 72.8, 2.6 3.0 – 73.1, 3.1 2.0 – 72.8, 2.4 p 2 120 – 7130, 127 115 – 7130, 120 0.44 – 70.48, 0.46 3.1 – 73.2, 3.2 4.3 – 74.4, 4.3 1.9 – 72.2, 2.0 p 3 145 – 7160, 153 128 – 7135, 131 0.54 – 70.64, 0.58 2.9 – 73.0, 3.0 2.8 – 73.4, 3.1 2.0 – 72.3, 2.1 Abdomen (Fig. 4 C). Setae on tergites I – VI as illustrated. Hypopygium (Fig. 4 D – E). Laterosternite IX with 4 – 5 long setae. Phallapodeme 76 – 80, 78 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme with weak oral projections. Gonocoxite 230 – 250, 235 Μm long; with many long setae. Superior volsella undeveloped, rounded. Inferior volsella bilobed, glove-shaped. Gonostylus 100 – 105, 103 m long, with crista dorsalis and several short setae. Megaseta 13 – 15, 14 µm long. HR 2.2 – 2.4, 2.3; HV 3.2 – 3.5, 3.4. Distribution. The specimens were collected in subtropical areas in Yunnan Province, Oriental China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273210151FF04F8B37CF0FB8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, (BDN No. 21412), CHINA: Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Aketao County (39 ° 52 ’ N, 76 ° 40 ’ E), alt. 1317 m, 19. viii. 2002, Hongqu Tang. Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having no humeral pit; only 4 dorsocentrals; LR 1 of 0.68; tergite I with only 2 setae, tergite II without long setae, other tergites with few long setae. This species is similar to P. mongolseteus Sasa et Suzuki, 1997 in the high antennal ratio and the shape of the inferior volsella, but can be separated by the hind tibia with three strong spurs and without normal comb; inferior volsella dark in color and without semitransparent margins; gonostylus with high and apically expanded crista dorsalis.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273210151FF04F8B37CF0FB8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, comptus, comb, referring to hind tibia without normal comb.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273210151FF04F8B37CF0FB8C.taxon	description	Description. Adult male (n = 1) Total length 3.25 mm. Wing length 2.05 mm. Total length / wing length 1.6. Wing length / length of profemur 2.8. Coloration. Head dark brown, palp and antenna brown. Thorax dark brown. Legs brown. Abdominal dark brown in the median longitudinal part, yellow brown on the lateral margins. Head. AR 3.1, ultimate flagellomere 830 µm long, with groove from the fifth flagellomere, apex without sensilla chaetica. Temporal setae 3, including 3 inner verticals. Clypeus invisible. Tentorium 155 µm long, 35 µm wide. Stipes 75 µm long, 8 µm wide. Palpomeres length (in µm): 20, 60, 78, 80, 98. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.3. Wing (Fig. 5 A). Squama with 26 fringe hairs, Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 3 setae. Costal extension 15 µm long. VR 1.2. Cu length 950 µm. Cu / wing length 0.46. Wing width / wing length 0.26. Thorax (Fig. 5 B). Dorsocentrals 4, acrostichals more than 5, humerals 3, prealars 3. Scutellum with 8 setae. Humeral pit absent. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 65 µm long; spurs of mid tibia 38 µm and 28 µm long; of hind tibia 63 µm, 35 µm and 8 µm long. Apex of hind tibia with three spurs and four strong setae instead of the normal comb (Fig. 5 C). Width at apex of fore tibia 43 Μm, of mid tibia 40 Μm, of hind tibia 50 Μm. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 4. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 720 840 570 400 255 170 140 0.68 2.2 2.7 2.4 p 2 720 800 690 240 175 130 125 0.86 3.0 2.2 3.0 p 3 740 1000 520 310 250 150 145 0.52 2.6 3.3 3.8 Abdomen (Fig. 5 D). With some pale spots on each lateral side. Setae on tergite I – VI as illustrated. Hypopygium (Fig. 5 E – F). Laterosternite IX with 4 long setae. Phallapodeme 100 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 98 Μm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 250 Μm long; with many long setae. Superior volsella small and rounded. Inferior volsella rounded, with 8 long marginal setae. Gonostylus 110 Μm long, with high crista dorsalis. Megaseta 10 µm long. HR 2.3, HV 3.0.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273210151FF04F8B37CF0FB8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The specimen were collected in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Palaearctic China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273230151FF04FB8E7C91F865.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Shergmala Mountain (28 ° 37 ’ N, 97 ° 29 ’ E), alt. 3700 m, 1 male, 28. ix. 1997, T. Solhøy & J. Skartveit (BDN No. 010),; Sichuan Province: Baoxing County, Xingrong Primary School (30 ° 27 ’ N, 103 ° 27 ’ E), alt. 522 m, light trap, 1 male, 19. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12877). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having an AR of 0.75 – 1.2; small humeral pit; LR 1 higher than 0.60; and a posterior strongly bent, apically pointed inferior volsella. Additions to description. Chinese specimens had the following measurements: Total length 3.19 – 3.80 mm. Wing length 1.90 – 2.63 mm. Total length / wing length 1.4 – 1.7. Wing length / length of profemur 2.7 – 3.1. AR: 0.75 – 1.2. Temporal setae 4. Clypeus with 12 setae. Tentorium 130 – 140 µm long, 40 – 48 µm wide. Stipes 70 – 75 µm long, 8 – 10 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.4 – 1.7. Dorsocentrals 15 – 20 setae, prealars 3. Scutellum with 8 setae. Squama with 9 – 11 setae. R with 7 – 10 setae. R 4 + 5 with 0 – 3 setae. Sensilla chaetica 9 on ta 1 of P 3. Laterosternite IX with 8 – 9 long setae. Phallapodeme 60 – 70 µm long, transverse sternapodeme 100 – 105 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 195 – 225 µm long. Inferior volsella curved posteriorly. Superior volsella weak. Gonostylus 78 – 95 µm long, with crista dorsalis. Megaseta 12 µm long. HR 2.4 – 2.5, HV 4.0 – 4.1.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273230151FF04FB8E7C91F865.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species occurs in the Italian Alps (Palaearctic Region). The Chinese specimens were collected in the Tibet Autonomous Region and in the Sichuan Province (Oriental China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273230151FF04FB8E7C91F865.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Chinese specimens are very similar to the original description according to Fig. 1 gS in Rossaro 1990. However, there are also some variations when compared with the original description such as ta 1 of P 3 in Chinese specimens with 9 sensilla chaetica while there are 0 – 5 in the original description. Some variations also exist between specimens collected in southern and northern China. The specimen from Tibet has an AR of 0.75 and R 4 + 5 with 3 setae; while the specimen from Sichuan has an AR of 1.2 and R 4 + 5 without setae.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273220150FF04FF637A89FB35.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Sichuan Province: Emei County (29 ° 36 ’ N, 103 ° 29 ’ E), alt. 440 m, sweeping, 17. v. 1986, holotype male, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05385). Paratype: 1 male, (BDN No. 05386) as holotype. Additional material: CHINA: Sichuan Province: Ya’ an City, Sichuan Agriculture University (29 ° 58 ’ N, 103 ° 00 ’ E), alt. 649 m, light trap, 1 male, 5. vi 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 09393); Yunnan Province: Kunming City: Yiliang County (24 ° 54 ’ N, 103 ° 13 ’ E), alt. 1817 m, light trap, 1 male, 2. vi 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 09623); Shandong Province: Yantai City, Kunyu Mountain, Dianhou Village (37 ° 14 ’ N, 121 ° 46 ’ E), alt. 658 m, light trap, 1 male, 25. viii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 02181); Hebei Province: Zhangjiakou City, Chisheng County (40 ° 57 ’ N, 115 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 1047 m, sweeping, 2 males, 21. viii. 2001, Du & Guo (BDN No. 23523, 23524); Ningxia Autonomous Region: Guyuan City, Xumi Mountain (36 ° 01 ’ N, 106 ° 14 ’ E), alt. 1700 m, light trap, 1 male, 8. viii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05405). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having an AR 1.5 – 1.7, 1.6; humeral pit rounded to rectangular; LR 1 0.49 – 0.60, 0.55; a basal broad, apically pointed and bent inferior volsella; and gonostylus with a small crista dorsalis. Additions to description. Total length 2.62 – 3.40, 3.10 mm. Wing length 1.58 – 1.78, 1.70 mm. Total length / wing length 1.7 – 2.0, 1.8. Wing length / length of profemur 2.4 – 2.7, 2.6. AR 1.5 – 1.7, 1.6. Temporal setae 7. Clypeus with 10 – 13, 11 setae. Tentorium 150 – 175, 161 µm long; 33 – 40, 37 µm wide. Stipes 120 – 125, 122 µm long, 10 – 13, 12 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.6 – 1.9, 1.8. Dorsocentrals 9 – 12, 10 setae, prealars 3. Scutellum with 5 – 6 setae. Squama with 14 – 16, 15 fringe hairs. Sensilla chaetica 9 – 11, 10 on ta 1 of P 3. Laterosternite IX with 6 – 8 long setae. Phallapodeme 70 – 75, 73 µm long, transverse sternapodeme 115 – 140, 130 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 188 – 220, 201 µm long. Superior volsella undeveloped. Gonostylus 83 – 95, 87 µm long, with a small crista dorsalis. Megaseta 12 µm long. HR 2.2 – 2.5, 2.4; HV 3.2 – 3.8, 3.5.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273220150FF04FF637A89FB35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was collected in the west of Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces (Oriental China); Shandong and Hebei Provinces, and in Ningxia Autonomous Region (Palaearctic China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273220150FF04FF637A89FB35.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The additional examined material is almost the same as in the holotype, but the coloration of the specimens from Palaearctic China are paler.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273220150FF04FB1C7CFAF85A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Hebei Province, Weichang County, Qipan Town (42 ° 10 ’ N, 117 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 1800 m, light trap, 1 male, 17. vii. 2001, Yuhong Guo (BDN No. 23387). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having a large humeral pit and two small pale alveoli beside humeral pit; inferior volsella with anterior and posterior margins parallel, distinctly rectangular, 38 Μm long, 23 Μm wide. Additions to description. Chinese specimens had the following measurements: Total length 3.12 mm. Wing length 1.83 mm. Total length / wing length 1.7. Wing length / length of profemur 2.3. AR 1.66. Temporal setae 11. Clypeus with 10 setae. Tentorium 163 µm long, 50 µm wide. Stipes 155 µm long, 10 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.75. Squama with 15 fringe hairs, R with 5 setae. Dorsocentrals 23, prealars 3. Scutellum with 5 setae. Sensilla chaetica on ta 1 of P 3 not clear. Laterosternite IX with 4 long setae. Phallapodeme 75 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 120 Μm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 215 Μm long; with many long setae. Superior volsella small and rounded. Inferior volsella rectangular, 38 Μm long, 23 Μm wide, with 9 long marginal setae. Gonostylus 105 Μm long, with high rounded crista dorsalis. Megaseta 13 µm long. HR 2.0, HV 3.0.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273220150FF04FB1C7CFAF85A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species previously was known only from Italy. The Chinese specimen was collected in Hebei Province (Palaearctic China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273220150FF04FB1C7CFAF85A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Chinese specimens are very similar to the original description in Rossaro 1990. According to the original description and the material examined here, P. lanzavechiai may be a synonym of P. rufiventris (Meigen). However, as the larvae are unknown the species should be kept separate for the moment.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273250156FF04FF637C1AFF5D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MONGOLIA: Bogd, about 1,500 m high from sea level, holotype male, 13. viii. 1996, H. Suzuki (No. 309: 45). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other members of the genus by having a clypeus with 4 setae only; LR 1 0.69; inferior volsella rounded, with many setae and semitransparent margins; and gonostylus small, median expanded, apical narrow and hooked, with many strong setae. Additions to description (n = 1). AR 2.96 (2.45 in Sasa & Suzuki 1997), squama with 9 setae (not mentioned in the original description). Total length / wing length 1.9. Wing length / length of profemur 2.9. Tentorium 195 µm long, 30 µm wide. Dorsocentrals 9, acrostichals 8, prealars 10, scutellars 3. VR 1.1. Wing width / wing length: 0.30. Palpomeres length (in µm): 28, 45, 73, 53, 68. Palpomere 2, 3, 4 and 5 ellipsoid, Palpomeres 5 / 3 0.93. Transverse sternapodeme 140 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 300 µm long. Gonostylus 160 µm long, apically hooked and without distinct crista dorsalis. Megaseta 18 µm long. HR 1.9, HV 2.6. The wing and hypopygium of holotype are re-drawn as in Fig. 6 A – C.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273250156FF04FF637C1AFF5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is recorded from Mongolia (Palaearctic Region).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273240156FF04FEB87A78FBD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Xinjiang Autonomous Region: Altay Prefecture, Habahe County (48 ° 26 ’ N, 86 ° 25 ’ E), alt. 1479 m, 5 males, 15 vii 2002, Hongqu Tang (BDN No. 21790, 21789, 21791, 21730, 21813); Shandong Province: Taishan Mountain (36 ° 15 ’ N, 117 ° 02 ’ E), alt. 1500 m, 1 male, 25. v. 1994, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 03253). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having a small rounded humeral pit, inferior volsella folded up near the medial apex; other characters similar to P. rufiventris (Meigen). Additions to description. Total length 2.30 – 2.50, 2.44 mm. Wing length 1.40 – 1.60, 1.50 mm. Total length / wing length 1.2 – 1.4, 1.3. Wing length / length of profemur 2.4 – 2.7, 2.6. AR 1.2 – 1.5, 1.3. Temporal setae 6 – 7. Clypeus with 10 – 14, 12 setae. Tentorium 125 – 135, 130 µm long, 33 – 35, 34 µm wide. Stipes: 75 – 80, 76 µm long, 5 – 8 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.4 – 1.6, 1.5. Dorsocentrals 10 – 13, 12 setae, prealars 3. Scutellum with 3 – 6, 4 setae. Squama with 6 – 8, 7 fringe hairs. Sensilla chaetica 5 – 7, 6 on ta 1 of P 3. Laterosternite IX with 3 – 5 long setae. Phallapodeme 65 – 70, 68 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 90 – 100, 95 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 160 – 170, 166 µm long. Gonostylus 73 – 78, 75 µm long, with a small crista dorsalis. Megaseta 10 – 15, 13 µm long. HR 2.1 – 2.3, 2.2; HV 3.0 – 3.5, 3.3.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273240156FF04FEB87A78FBD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species occurs at the Adriatic Sea. The Chinese specimens were collected in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region and in the Shandong Province (Palaearctic China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273240156FF04FEB87A78FBD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The original description by Rossaro (1990) is very simple. The Chinese specimens appear to be identical based on figures and description.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273240156FF04FB387B77F85A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Fujian Province: Quanzhou City, Dehua County, Deiyunshan Mountain (25 ° 41 ’ N, 118 ° 11 ’ E), 1635 m a. s. l, 2 males, 12. ix. 2002, 14. ix. 2002, Zheng Liu (BDN No. 20134, 20170). Diagnostic characters. This species is similar to P. rufiventris (Meigen 1830) (Caspers & Reiss, 1989) in AR and distinct humeral pit, and most other characters, but can be separated by the setae of abdomen reduced; inferior volsella with apical rounded, not triangular, and with notched posterior margin; gonostylus with large crista dorsalis. Additions to description. Chinese specimens had the following measurements: Total length 3.0 – 3.3 mm. Wing length 1.5 – 1.6 mm. Total length / wing length 2.0. Wing length / length of profemur 2.4 – 2.5. AR 1.35 – 1.4. Temporal setae 4, including 2 inner vertical, 2 outer vertical. Clypeus with 17 – 19 setae. Tentorium 143 – 145 µm long, 33 – 40 µm wide. Stipes 145 – 150 µm long, 10 – 13 µm wide. Palpomeres length (in µm): 35 – 45, 55, 108 – 113, 113 – 118, 170 – 178. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.55 – 1.6. Dorsocentrals 16 – 18 setae, prealars 5. Scutellum with 6 – 8 setae. Squama with 15 – 16 fringe hairs. R with 4 – 5 setae. VR 1.0 – 1.1. Cu length 640 – 670 µm. Cu / wing length 0.42 – 0.43. Wing width / wing length 0.32 – 0.33. Laterosternite IX with 5 – 6 long setae. Phallapodeme 65 – 70 µm long, transverse sternapodeme 100 – 105 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 188 – 190 µm long. Inferior volsella a little curved posteriorly. Superior volsella absent. Gonostylus 80 – 88 µm long, with crista dorsalis. Megaseta 10 – 12 µm long. HR 2.1 – 2.4, HV 3.7 – 3.8.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273240156FF04FB387B77F85A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species occurs in Transvaal in South Africa, and in the Ethiopian highlands. The Chinese specimens were collected in the Fujian Province (Oriental China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273270154FF04FF637CD0F840.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Jilin Province: Jilin City, Changbaishan Mountain (43 ° 55 ’ N, 126 ° 26 ’ E), alt. 1700 m, 6 males, 22. vi. 1986, 23. vi. 1986, 25. vi. 1986, 7. vii. 1986, 30. iv. 1994, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 5380, 0 5382, 0 5383, 0 5381, 0 5378, 01868,); Antu County, Erdaohe Town (42 ° 47 ’ N, 128 ° 31 ’ E), alt. 760 m, 2 males, 29. iv. 1994, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 1870, 01869); Liaoning Province, Dandong City, Fengcheng County (40 ° 34 ’ N, 124 ° 02 ’ E), alt. 109 m, 1 male, 8. iv. 1993, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12543); Dandong City, Kuandian County (40 ° 40 ’ N, 125 ° 01 ’ E), alt. 226 m, 2 males, 12 iv. 1992, 22. iv. 1992, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 3380, 07641); Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Alashan Alliance, Bayanhaote City (28 ° 49 ’ N, 105 ° 41 ’ E), alt. 1000 m, 5 males, 31. vii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 1183, 0 5402, 0 5389, 0 5390, 05391); Ningxia Autonomous Region, Guyuan City, Liupanshan Mountain (36 ° 58 ’ N, 106 ° 12 ’ E), alt. 1717 m, 2 males, 8. viii. 1988, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 5396, 05910; Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Altay Prefecture, Habahe County (48 ° 26 ’ N, 86 ° 25 ’ E), alt. 1479 m, 23 males, 15. vii. 2002, 25. vii. 2002, sweeping, Hongqu Tang (BDN No. 21823, 23910, 23872, 21742, 21796, 21831, 21833, 23909, 23911, 25258, 21819, 21733, 21734, 21732, 21735, 21729, 21731, 21737, 21738, 21794, 21741, 23906, 23830); Tacheng City, Yemenle Town (46 ° 44 ’ N, 82 ° 58 ’ E), alt. 1550 m, 1 male, 25. vii. 2002, light trap, Hongqu Tang (BDN No. 26257); Hebei Province: Zhangjiakou City, Chicheng County (40 ° 57 ’ N, 115 ° 56 ’ E), alt. 1047 m, 2 males, 21. vii. 2001, Sweeping, Yuhong Guo (BDN No. 23521, 23522); Weichang County, Qipan Town (42 ° 10 ’ N, 117 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 1800 m, 1 male, 18. vii. 2001, light trap, Yuhong Guo (BDN No. 23476); Qinhuangdao City (39 ° 57 ’ N, 119 ° 38 ’ E), alt. 4 m, 2 males, 4. vi. 1985, sweeping, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 23476, 7192); Yunnan Province: Lijiang Naxizu Autonomous County, Shigu Town (26 ° 52 ’ N, 99 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 1850 m, 2 males, 25. v. 1996, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 10672, 10806); Lijiang Naxizu Autonomous County, Shizishan Mountain (26 ° 51 ’ N, 100 ° 15 ’ E), alt. 2400 m, 1 male, 15. vii. 2001, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 03278); Kunming City, Pan long District, Songhuaba Reservoir (25 ° 09 ’ N, 102 ° 47 ’ E), alt. 1977 m, 2 males, 1. vi. 1996, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 9679, 09378); Eryuan County, Niujie Town, Meici River (26 ° 6 ' N, 99 ° 56 ' E), alt. 2332 m, 2 males, 2. vi. 1996, light trap, Changfa Zhou (BDN No. 10024, 10048); Shandong Province: Yantai City, Kunyu Mountain, Dianhou Village (37 ° 14 ’ N, 121 ° 46 ’ E), alt. 658 m, 1 male, 25. viii. 1987, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12650); Taishan Mountain (36 ° 15 ’ N, 117 ° 02 ’ E), alt. 1500 m, 2 males, 25. v 1994, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 3250, 03254); Gansu Province: Dingxi City, Min County (34 ° 26 ’ N, 104 ° 02 ’ E), alt. 2350 m, 1 male, 27. vii. 1986, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 37861); Tianshui City, Maijishan Mountain (34 ° 21 ’ N, 106 ° 00 ’ E), alt. 1600 m, 1 male, 7. viii. 1986, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 16182); Fujian Province: Quanzhou City, Dehua County, Deiyunshan Mountain (25 ° 41 ’ N, 118 ° 11 ’ E), alt. 1635 m,); 3 males, 12. ix. 2002, Zheng Liu (BDN No. 20132, 20135, 20133); Longyan City, Shanghang County, Gutian Town (25 ° 03 ’ N, 116 ° 25 ’ E), alt. 183 m, 2 males, 3. v. 1993, 10. v. 1993, Wenjun Bu (BDN No. 0 8152, 08130); Sichuan Province: Ganzi Autonomous State, Yajiang County (30 ° 02 ’ N, 101 ° 01 ’ E), alt. 2830 m, 2 males, 9. vi. 1996, 14. vi. 1996, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12203, 11607); Aba Autonomous State, Wolong Nature Reserve (31 ° 13 ’ N, 103 ° 19 ’ E), alt. 2000 m, 1 male, 27. vii. 1987, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 1184); Wenchuan County, Yingxiu Town (31 ° 03 ’ N, 103 ° 29 ’ E), alt. 994 m, 1 male, 14. vii. 1987, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 07191); Ganzi Autonomous State, Litang County (29 ° 59 ’ N, 100 ° 11 ’ E), alt. 3750 m, 1 male, 11. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12124); Ganzi Autonomous State, Luding County, Wucigou (29 ° 55 ’ N, 102 ° 14 ’ E), alt. 2750 m, 8 males, 15. vi. 1996, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 11747, 11742, 13391, 13392, 11748, 11746, 11750, 11752); Kangding County, Wasigou (30 ° 03 ’ N, 101 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 3700 m, 33 males, 15. vi. 1996, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 13629, 13655, 13656, 13659, 13660, 13662, 13677, 13094, 13130, 13147, 13098, 13095, 13128, 13166, 13162, 13168, 13160, 13161, 13167, 13176, 13104, 13085, 13097, 13088, 13129, 13096, 13109, 13127, 13092, 13093, 13087, 13148, 13163); Guizhou Province: Zunyi City: Daozhen County, Dashahe River (28 ° 53 ’ N, 107 ° 44 ’ E), alt. 720 m, 1 male, 25. v. 2004, Sweeping, Hongqu Tang (BDN No. 22144). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus by having an AR 1.5 – 2.1, 1.7; a strongly developed humeral pit, inferior volsella triangular apically and distinctly extended medially. Additions to description. Measurements of the Chinese specimens: Total length 2.4 – 4.0, 2.9 mm. Wing length 1.4 – 2.1, 1.7 mm. Total length / wing length 1.5 – 2.1, 1.7. Wing length / length of profemur 2.5 – 3.5, 2.7. AR 0.92 – 1.6, 1.3. Temporal setae 5 – 6. Clypeus with 9 – 15, 12 setae. Tentorium 115 – 160, 140 µm long; 33 – 45, 39 µm wide. Stipes 125 – 165, 148 µm long; 8 – 10, 9 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.5 – 1.9, 1.7. Dorsocentrals 10 – 16, 13; prealars 3. Scutellum with 6 – 8, 7 setae. Squama with 8 – 14, 11 setae. Sensilla chaetica 8 – 12, 10 on ta 1 of P 3. Laterosternite IX with 4 – 6, 5 long setae. Phallapodeme 58 – 70, 68 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 90 – 125, 115 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 175 – 240, 205 µm long. Gonostylus 73 – 93, 85 µm long, with crista dorsalis. Megaseta 10 – 15, 13 µm long. HR 2.2 – 2.8, 2.5, HV 2.9 – 4.3, 3.8.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273270154FF04FF637CD0F840.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is widely distributed in the Holarctic region. The Chinese specimens were collected in Ningxia, Nei Monggol and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions; Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Gansu Provinces (Palaearctic China); Yunnan, Fujian, Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces (Oriental China). This is the first record from Oriental China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273270154FF04FF637CD0F840.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The inferior volsella show variations between the different localities (Fig. 7 A – M).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D47863227339014BFF04FF637D30F831.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ganzi Autonomous State, Yajiang County (30 ° 02 ’ N, 101 ° 01 ’ E), alt. 2830 m, 14. vi. 1996, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12188). Paratype: Sichuan Province, Ganzi Autonomous State, Litang County (29 ° 59 ’ N, 100 ° 11 ’ E), alt. 4170 m, light trap, 1 male, 11. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 11469). Diagnostic characters. The adult male can be separated from other members of the genus in having an AR 0.69 – 0.83, cuneiform inferior volsella, gonostylus with sharply pointed triangular crista dorsalis, and no humeral pit. The species is close to P. aberrans Caspers et Reiss, 1989 in the antennal ratio and in the digitiform inferior volsella, but can be separated by having the inferior volsella more cuneiform and gonostylus with a sharply pointed crista dorsalis.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D47863227339014BFF04FF637D30F831.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, sagittarius, arrow, referring to the shape of inferior volsella	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D47863227339014BFF04FF637D30F831.taxon	description	Description. Adult male (n = 2) Total length 2.68 – 3.20 mm. Wing length 1.98 – 2.05 mm. Total length / wing length 1.3 – 1.6. Wing length / length of profemur 2.7 – 3.2. Coloration. Head dark brown, palp and antenna brown. Thorax yellowish brown. Legs brown. Abdominal yellow to yellowish brown. Head. AR 0.69 – 0.83, ultimate flagellomere 360 – 400, 374 µm long, with groove from the fourth flagellomere, apex without sensilla chaetica. Temporal setae 3 – 4, including 2 inner verticals, 1 – 2 outer verticals. Clypeus with 9 – 11 setae. Tentorium 135 – 150 µm long, 30 – 43 µm wide. Stipes 130 – 140 µm long, 8 – 10 µm wide. Palpomeres length (in µm): 38 – 43, 38 – 55, 90 – 95, 100 – 105, 165 – 178. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.7 – 2.0. Wing (Fig. 8 A). Squama with 14 – 16 setae, R with 4 – 5 setae. Costal extension 35 – 45 µm long. VR 1.0 – 1.2. Cu length 840 – 850 µm. Cu / wing length 0.41 – 0.42. Wing width / wing length 0.30 – 0.35. Thorax (Fig. 8 B). Dorsocentrals 9, acrostichals more than 5, prealars 3 – 4. Humeral pit absent. Scutellum with 14 – 16 setae. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 43 – 50 µm long, spurs of mid tibia 20 – 25 µm and 20 – 23 µm long, of hind tibia 50 – 60 µm long. Hind tibial comb with 11 – 13 setae. Width at apex of fore tibia 35 – 53 Μm, of mid tibia 40 – 45 Μm, of hind tibia 50 – 60 Μm. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 5. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 p 1 650 – 7740, 680 780 – 7960, 853 480 – 7550, 513 310 – 7350, 327 220 – 7230, 225 p 2 700 – 7820, 753 710 – 7840, 760 350 – 7360, 353 225 – 7230, 227 145 – 7170, 158 p 3 740 – 7750, 746 850 – 7910, 873 460 – 7470, 467 250 – 7270, 257 200 – 7220, 213 continued. ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 160 – 7175, 165 110 – 7120, 114 0.57 – 70.62, 0.60 2.3 – 72.5, 2.4 2.9 – 73.1, 3.0 1.3 – 71.8, 1.5 p 2 100 – 7120, 110 95 – 7110, 103 0.42 – 70.49, 0.47 2.9 – 73.5, 3.2 4.0 – 74.7, 4.3 2.0 – 72.9, 2.4 p 3 120 – 7140, 130 105 – 7125, 115 0.52 – 70.55, 0.54 2.8 – 73.2, 2.9 3.4 – 73.5, 3.5 1.8 – 72.5, 2.3 Abdomen (Fig. 8 C). Setae on tergites I – VI as illustrated. Hypopygium (Fig 8 D – E). Laterosternite IX with 4 – 6 long setae. Phallapodeme 50 – 55 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 105 – 110 Μm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 190 – 205 Μm long, with many long setae. Superior volsella absent. Inferior volsella cuneiform. Gonostylus 78 – 93 Μm long, with sharply pointed crista dorsalis. Megaseta 13 – 15 µm long. HR 2.2 – 2.6, HV 3.1 – 3.9.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D47863227339014BFF04FF637D30F831.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The specimens were collected in subtropical areas in Sichuan Province, Oriental China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733B0149FF04FF637BD9F8D2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Ningxia Autonomous Region: Guyuan City, Liupanshan Mountain (36 ° 58 ’ N, 106 ° 12 ’ E), alt. 1717 m, 3 males, 4. viii. 1988, 6. viii. 1988, 8. viii. 1988, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 5404, 0 5403, 05394); Yinchuan City, Helan County, Helanshan Mountain (38 ° 29 ’ N, 106 ° 08 ’ E), alt. 1118 m, 1 male, 31. vii. 1987, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05401); Jilin Province: Jilin City, Changbaishan Mountain (43 ° 55 ’ N, 126 ° 26 ’ E), alt. 1700 m, 1 male, 22. vi. 1986, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 05379); Xinjiang Autonomous Region: Altay Prefecture, Habahe County (48 ° 26 ’ N, 86 ° 25 ’ E), alt. 1479 m, 1 male, 15. vii. 2002, Hongqu Tang (BDN No. 21787); Shaanxi Province: Ankang City, Ningshan County (33 ° 18 ’ N, 108 ° 18 ’ E), alt. 872 m, 1 male, 15. viii. 1994, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 09255); Tibet Autonomous Region: Linzhi County, Bayi Town (29 ° 40 ’ N, 94 ° 21 ’ E), alt. 4575 m, 2 males, 5. viii. 2003, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 0 3256, 03257); Sichuan Province: Wenchuan County, Yingxiu Town (31 ° 03 ’ N, 103 ° 29 ’ E), alt. 994 m, 1 male, 15. vii. 1987, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 13321); Ganzi Autonomous State, Yajiang County (30 ° 02 ’ N, 101 ° 01 ’ E), alt. 2830 m, 1 male, 14. vi. 1996, sweeping, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12430); Fujian Province: Wuyishan Mountain (27 ° 45 ’ N, 118 ° 02 ’ E), alt. 230 m, 1 male, 24. iv. 1993, light trap, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 02100); Yunnan Province: Lijiang Naxizu Autonomous County, Yulongxue Mountain, Baishui River (26 ° 49 ’ N, 100 ° 15 ’ E), alt. 2880 m, 5 males, 29. v. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 12910, 12945, 12914, 12955, 12953). Diagnostic characters. This species is similar to P. rufiventris (Meigen 1830) in most of characters, but can be separated by having the inferior volsella more triangular and not protruding very much medially (Rossaro 1990). The humeral pit is not very evident (Edwards 1929, Cranston & Oliver 1988). Additions to description. Measurements of the Chinese specimens: Total length 2.7 – 4.1, 3.2 mm. Wing length 1.6 – 2.4, 2.1 mm. Total length / wing length 1.4 – 1.7, 1.5. Wing length / length of profemur 2.5 – 3.2, 2.7. AR 0.77 – 1.2, 0.92. Temporal setae 6 – 10. Clypeus with 10 – 14, 12 setae. Tentorium 135 – 175, 154 µm long; 38 – 50, 42 µm wide. Stipes 150 – 170, 162 µm long, 8 – 10, 9 µm wide. Palpomere 5 / 3 1.4 – 2.0, 1.7. Dorsocentrals 15 – 20, 18 setae, prealars 3. Scutellum with 4 – 6, 5 setae. Squama with 8 – 12, 10 setae. Sensilla chaetica 8 – 10, 9 on Ta 1 of P 3. Laterosternite IX with 6 – 8, 7 long setae. Phallapodeme 60 – 70, 64 µm long, transverse sternapodeme 105 – 115, 110 µm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 190 – 230, 215 µm long. Inferior volsella approximately triangular. Gonostylus 70 – 95, 83 µm long, with crista dorsalis. Megaseta 13 – 15, 14 µm long. HR 2.2 – 2.7, 2.5; HV 3.1 – 4.4, 3.6.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733B0149FF04FF637BD9F8D2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has a Holarctic distribution. The Chinese specimens were collected in the Ningxia and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions and in Jilin Province (Palaearctic China); Tibet Autonomous Region, Shaanxi (Ankang County) and Sichuan Provinces (Oriental China). This is the first record from Oriental China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733B0149FF04FF637BD9F8D2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The inferior volsella varies between localities (Fig. 9 A – F).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FF637C65FE48.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FF637C65FE48.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype was not examined, but we found the photos of this species.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FDD87C44F85A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Kangding County, Wasigou (30 ° 03 ’ N, 101 ° 57 ’ E), alt. 3700 m, light trap, 15. vi. 1996, Xinhua Wang (BDN No. 13086). Diagnostic characters. The adult male is unique in having three palpomeres and a narrow inferior volsella. Humeral pit rounded; gonostylus slender and with a small triangular crista dorsalis.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FDD87C44F85A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, ternarius, containing of three of anything, referring to the palp with only three palpomeres.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FDD87C44F85A.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1) Total length 3.01 mm. Wing length 1.68 mm. Total length / wing length 1.8. Wing length / length of profemur 2.8. Coloration. Head brown, palp and antenna yellow – brown. Thorax dark brown. Legs brown. Abdominal brown. Head. AR 1.2, ultimate flagellomere 360 µm long, with groove from the seventh flagellomere, apex without sensilla chaetica. Temporal setae 5, including 2 inner verticals, 3 outer verticals. Clypeus with 12 setae. Tentorium 145 µm long; 38 µm wide. Stipes 135 µm long, 8 µm wide. Palpomeres (Fig. 10 B) length (in µm): 33, 38, 145. Wing (Fig. 10 A). Squama with 8 setae, R with 5 setae. Costal extension 20 µm long. VR 1.0. Cu length 650 µm. Cu / wing length 0.39. Wing width / wing length 0.32. Thorax (Fig. 10 C). Dorsocentrals 14, acrostichals more than 6, prealars 3. Scutellum with 6 setae. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 48 µm long, spurs of mid tibia 23 µm and 17 µm long, of hind tibia 45 µm long. Hind tibial comb with 10 setae. Width at apex of fore tibia 50 Μm; of mid tibia 38 Μm; of hind tibia 43 Μm. Sensilla chaetica 6 on ta 1 of P 3. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 6. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV BR p 1 600 760 440 270 155 140 90 0.58 2.7 3.1 1.6 p 2 640 630 300 165 130 90 85 0.48 3.3 4.2 2.2 p 3 610 700 400 215 150 100 90 0.57 3.1 3.3 2.5 Abdomen (Fig. 10 D). Setae on tergites I – VI as illustrated. Hypopygium (Fig. 10 E – F). Laterosternite IX with 6 long setae. Phallapodeme 60 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 105 Μm long, with oral projections. Gonocoxite 158 Μm long; with many long setae. Superior volsella small and rounded. Inferior volsella narrow, with many long marginal setae. Gonostylus 75 Μm long, with small triangular crista dorsalis. Megaseta 10 µm long. HR 2.1, HV 4.1.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FDD87C44F85A.taxon	discussion	Comments. The ultimate palpomere carries several apical setae and shows a weak lateral notch indicating that it consists of two fused palpomeres. The second palpomere seems to have one indistinct sensilla clavata normally found on the third palpomere. The number of palpomeres thus is not a result of loss of the apical two palpomeres. The two palps are nearly identical and the reduction thus unlikely to be an abnormality.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733A0148FF04FDD87C44F85A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The specimen was collected in Sichuan Provinces, Oriental China.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733D014EFF04F9687B94FE06.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDONESIA: Sumatra, at the side of Lake Toba, holotype male, 2. i. 1988, M. Kikuchi (No. 200: 73). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: AR very small, about 0.4; LR 1 more than 0.8; humeral pit absent; superior volsella absent, inferior volsella triangular and marginal rounded; gonostylus with well developed triangular crista dorsalis. Additions to description. Some additional characters should be added as: Clypeus with 9 setae. Tentorium 128 µm long, 22 µm wide. Dorsocentrals 10, acrostichals 5, prealars 10. Wing length / length of profemur: 2.4. VR 1.1. Costal extension 45 µm long. Wing width / wing length: 0.33. Wing with two anal veins. Palpomeres length (in µm): 25, 45, 63, 85, 135. Palpomere 2 ellipsoid, 3 and 4 rectangular, 5 long and slender, Palpomeres 5 / 3 2.2. Transverse sternapodeme 62 µm long, with weak oral projections. Gonocoxite 145 µm long. Gonostylus 65 µm long; with a broad, triangular crista dorsalis. Megaseta 8 µm long. HR 2.2, HV 2.4. The wing and hypopygium of holotype are re-drawn as in Fig. 11 A – C.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733D014EFF04F9687B94FE06.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species occurs in Indonesia (Oriental Region).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733C014DFF04F94B7D7BFE78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Chayu County, Xiachayu Town, Baantong Village (28 ° 37 ’ N, 97 ° 29 ’ E), alt. 1600 m, sweeping, holotype male, 13. vi. 1988, Chengyu Deng (BDN No. 1723). Paratypes: CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Rikaze County, China – Nepal Friendship Bridge (29 ° 36 ’ N, 91 ° 06 ’ E), alt. 1800 m, sweeping, 2 males, 14. vi. 1988, Chengyu Deng (BDN No. 1199, 07871). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from all other members of the genus by having 13 sensilla chaetica on ta 1 of P 3; humeral pit developed and reniform; the femur of middle and hind legs dark brown on apical 1 / 3, other parts yellow; setae on tergites relatively short, posterior of tergites V – VII in pale coloration; phallapodeme with two different colors, the deeper colored part like a fork with three tines; inferior volsella elongate and bilobed, with rounded apex, and superior volsella rounded and well developed; gonostylus slender, without distinct crista dorsalis. Correction to description (n = 3). “ Gonostylus 225 – 285, 260 µm long ” should be corrected to “ Gonostylus 128 – 136, 132 µm long ”.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733C014DFF04F94B7D7BFE78.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species was collected in subtropical area in Tibet Autonomous Region (Oriental China).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733F014CFF04F8B07BC2FDF5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JAPAN: Tsushima, Kechi Dam, holotype male, 25. iii. 1998, H. Suzuki (No. 355: 23). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other Sino-Indian members of the genus by having 26 dorsocentrals, posterior margin of tergite IX rounded, and inferior volsella extended and with some setae. Gonostylus medially expanded and apically curved. Additions to description. Total length / wing length 1.7. Wing length / length of profemur 2.6. Costal extension 20 µm long. Outer verticals 2. Tentorium 143 µm long, 50 µm wide. Dorsocentrals 26. Palpomeres length (in µm): 38, 45, 120, 130, 205. Palpomere 2 ellipsoid, 3 and 4 rectangular, 5 long and slender, Palpomeres 5 / 3 1.7. Laterosternite IX with 7 long setae. Transverse sternapodeme 103 µm long, with obvious oral projections. Gonocoxite 210 µm long. Gonostylus 95 µm long. Megaseta 15 µm long. HR 2.2, HV 3.2. The hypopygium of holotype are re-drawn as in Fig. 13 A – C.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733F014CFF04F8B07BC2FDF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is recorded from Japan.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D4786322733F014CFF04F8B07BC2FDF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Yamamoto (2004) recorded this species as a synonym of P. rufiventris (Meigen). After reexamination of the holotype we regard the two species as quite different.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273310143FF04FF637AFCFD43.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JAPAN: Honshu, Toyama Prefecture, Unazuki, holotype male, 27. ix. 1984, M. Sasa (No. 279: 11). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other members of the genus by a small AR about 0.30; the broad inferior volsella with rounded, almost rectangular margin with many strong setae; and tergite IX well developed and covering the whole inferior volsella in dorsal view. Additions to description. Total length / wing length 2.1. Wing length / length of profemur 2.2. Outer verticals 4, frontals 6. Tentorium 150 µm long, 25 µm wide. Dorsocentrals 10, scutellars 8. Squama with 7 setae. Palpomeres length (in µm): 18, 50, 70, 100, 120. Palpomere 2 and 3 ellipsoid, 4 and 5 rectangular, Palpomeres 5 / 3 1.7. Laterosternite IX with 9 long setae. Transverse sternapodeme 75 µm long, with well developed oral projections. Gonocoxite 185 µm long. Gonostylus 85 µm long. Megaseta 15 µm long. HR 2.2, HV 2.8. The hypopygium of holotype are re-drawn as in Fig. 14 A – C.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273310143FF04FF637AFCFD43.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is recorded from Japan.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273300142FF04FF637BE9FD43.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JAPAN: Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Issogawa, holotype male, 24. iii. 1999, H. Suzuki (No. 382: 10). Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other members of the genus by having 33 dorsocentrals, AR about 1.0, superior volsella developed and broad, and inferior volsella extended and with a small secondary lobe. Additions to description. Total length / wing length 2.0. Wing length / length of profemur 2.2. Tentorium 135 µm long, 45 µm wide. Dorsocentrals 33, scutellars 8. Squama with 4 setae. Palpomeres length (in µm): 40, 48, 113, 128, 213. Palpomere 2 ellipsoid, 3 and 4 rectangular, 5 long and slender. Palpomeres 5 / 3 1.9. Laterosternite IX with 10 long setae. Transverse sternapodeme 105 µm long, with obvious oral projections. Gonocoxite 190 µm long. Gonostylus 90 µm long. Megaseta 10 µm long. HR 2.1, HV 3.6. The hypopygium of holotype are re-drawn as in Fig. 14 A – C.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273300142FF04FF637BE9FD43.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is recorded from Japan (Palaearctic Region).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273330140FF04FF637D13FE6F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JAPAN: Kyushu, Nagasaki Prefecture, Goto Islands, Wani River, holotype male of P. gotoefeus, 28. xi. 1999, H. Suzuki (No. 394: 29). Diagnostic characters. AR 0.3; humeral pit small and indistinct; inferior volsella rounded and broad, with some strong setae on the margin; and gonostylus with a triangular crista dorsalis. Additions to description. Anal point present, 35 µm long, basal wide 15 µm, peak wide 3 µm, with 1 long lateral setae on each side (absent in original description). Total length / wing length 2.1. Wing length / length of profemur 2.3. AR only 0.3. Tentorium 158 µm long, 35 µm wide. Dorsocentrals 12. Costal extension 45 µm long. Palpomeres length (in µm): 33, 55, 100, 130, 218. Palpomere 2 ellipsoid, 3 and 4 rectangular, 5 long and slender, Palpomeres 5 / 3: 2.2. Laterosternite IX with 4 long setae. Transverse sternapodeme 85 µm long, with weak oral projections. Inferior volsella rounded and developed. Gonocoxite 213 µm long. Gonostylus 95 µm long, with a triangular crista dorsalis. Megaseta 12 µm long. HR 2.2, HV 3.2. The wing and hypopygium of holotype are redrawn as in Fig. 15 A – C (In fact, anal point folded in the holotype).	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273330140FF04FF637D13FE6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from Japan only.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
D478632273330140FF04FF637D13FE6F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Due to the presence of an anal point (it is folded upwards and may be a bit hard to see); eye without dorsomedian extension; and wing with typical Paracricotopus venation, this species should be transferred to the genus Paracricotopus Thienemann et Harnisch. The characters are almost identical to those of P. tamabrevis according to the original description and the redescription by Niitsuma (1990). We did not examine the holotype of P. tamabrevis (Sasa 1983; Yamamoto 2004), however, the redescription by Niitsuma is quite complete.	en	Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A., Wang, Xinhua (2012): A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 3478: 453-482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209364
