taxonID	type	description	language	source
AD0CE641D8E25F78AFB98E9F1330C2B5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chanodichthys oxycephalus can be diagnostically separated from all congeneric species by its reduced vertebral count (4 + 37 - 38), and distinguished from other species, except morphologically similar congeners Ch. dabryi and Ch. abramoides, by having a sub-superior and oblique mouth and 23 – 29 branched anal-fin rays. It is distinct from the latter two species in having a pointed (vs non-pointed), steeply (vs – gradually) elevated humpback behind to the head and higher lateral-line pored scales 73 – 75 (vs ≤ 70).	en	Chen, Xiao, Su, Shiping, Zhang, Xiaohua, Van der Laan, Richard, Zhang, E (2025): Types matter: taxonomic status of Chanodichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1871) (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) and some relevant species of East Asia. ZooKeys 1257: 285-303, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.120512
AD0CE641D8E25F78AFB98E9F1330C2B5.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric measurements for examined specimens in this study provided in Table 1. See Fig. 1 for general appearance. Body strongly compressed and deep; dorsal profile convex with a significant hump posterior to nape and ventral profile somewhat straight. Abdominal keel developed from the pelvic-fin insertion to the anus. Head small, pointed, laterally compressed, length less than body height. Snout protruded, longer than eye diameter. Mouth sub-superior, slit; maxilla slightly shorter than mandible, with its posterior end extending backwards below nostril but not to anterior margin of orbital. No barbels. Eye large, laterally positioned in anterior half of head. Interorbital space wide and slightly convex, distance larger than eye diameter. Nostril near anterior margin of eye, with lower margin above a line aligning upper margin of eye. Gill aperture broad, extending forward approximately below posterior margin of eye. Gill membranes united to narrow isthmus. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7 – 8 branched rays; last simple ray stiff with a smooth posterior margin, and shorter than HL; origin posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin base; distal margin slightly concave. Pectoral fins short and pointed, with 1 simple and 15 – 16 branched rays; tip of adpressed fin rays not reaching pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with 2 simple and 8 branched rays, inserted anterior to dorsal-fin origin, or midway between pectoral-fin insertion and anal-fin origin; tip of adpressed fin rays not reaching anal-fin origin. Pelvic axillary scale present, short, not reaching beyond base of last ray. Anal fin with 3 simple and 23 – 26 branched rays; origin posterior to vertical through posterior end of dorsal-fin base, or much closer to pelvic-fin base than to caudal-fin base, distal margin slightly concave. Caudal fin deeply forked, longest rays more than twice as long as shortest rays, and upper and lower lobes pointed. Lateral line complete, originating from upper extremity of gill opening, descending downwards above pectoral-fin base, and extending almost straightly along the mid-lateral of body, running parallel to the ventral margin onto caudal peduncle. Perforated scales 73 (14) or 75 (16); scale rows above lateral line 13 (30) and below 7 (30); circum-peduncular scales 21 (16) or 22 (14) and pre-dorsal scales 13 (30).	en	Chen, Xiao, Su, Shiping, Zhang, Xiaohua, Van der Laan, Richard, Zhang, E (2025): Types matter: taxonomic status of Chanodichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1871) (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) and some relevant species of East Asia. ZooKeys 1257: 285-303, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.120512
AD0CE641D8E25F78AFB98E9F1330C2B5.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution and habitat. Chanodichthys oxycephalus is restricted to the Chang-Jiang basin (Fig. 2), based on the data obtained during the field survey and historical records from the literature (Compilation Group XNC 1984; Yang 1987; Wu 1989; Institute SFR and Department of Biology SNU 1992; Yao 2010; Duan et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2021; Wu et al. 2021; Wang 2022; Chen and Fu 2024). Specimens, previously identified by Luo and Chen (1998) as Culter oxycephaloides from the mid-upper Chang-Jiang basin, belong to this species; meanwhile, the voucher specimens, recognized by them as Ch. oxycephalus from Lake Liangzi of Hubei Province and Lake Shinkai of Heilongjiang Province, are in fact a misidentification of Ch. dabryi.	en	Chen, Xiao, Su, Shiping, Zhang, Xiaohua, Van der Laan, Richard, Zhang, E (2025): Types matter: taxonomic status of Chanodichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1871) (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) and some relevant species of East Asia. ZooKeys 1257: 285-303, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.120512
