identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D746F916FFEBFFD356BEFE45FE01FB9F.text	D746F916FFEBFFD356BEFE45FE01FB9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geraesta Simon 1889	<div><p>Genus Geraesta Simon, 1889</p> <p>Geraesta Simon, 1889: 224; Benjamin 2011: 15.</p> <p>Type species: Geraesta hirta Simon, 1889, by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Diagnosed by the presence of two to three trichobothria on the dorsal surface of the male palpal cymbiUm (Fig. 24; Benjamin 2011: figs 40d, 42b, 43c, 45e) and the presence of at least one serrated apical tibial apophysis (Figs 4, 5, 24–26; Ramírez 2014: fig. 151a). Females can be separated by the presence of opisthosomal lobes (Figs 10, 17, 18). Further, Geraesta can be separated from other African Stephanopinae as follows: from Borboropactus Simon, 1884 by the presence of two to three trichobothria on the cymbiUm (Fig. 25; Benjamin 2011: figs 40d, 42b, 43c, 45e; MarUsiK et al. 2013: figs 1–3). Females can be separated from Borboropactus by the presence of epigynal lips and opisthosomal lobes (Benjamin 2011: figs 41e, 42c, 44d, 46d); from Epidius Thorell, 1877 by the absence of an elongated male palpal tibia (tibia is longer than the cymbium in Epidius; Benjamin 2011: fig. 35c) and the absence of 4–6 thicK long spines on the distal margin of the male palpal tibia (Benjamin 2011: figs 33b, 35c, 36b). JUdging from the illustrations in Ledoux (2004), Prepotelus Simon, 1898 might be a synonym of Geraesta. Description: Geraesta is described in Benjamin (2011).</p> <p>Distribution: This genus is endemic to Africa and is now known from Botswana, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Rwanda, South Africa and Tanzania.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFEBFFD356BEFE45FE01FB9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benjamin, Suresh P.	Benjamin, Suresh P. (2015): On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae). African Invertebrates 56 (2): 309, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0205, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205
D746F916FFE8FFD156A2FF1DFD48F930.text	D746F916FFE8FFD156A2FF1DFD48F930.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geraesta ansieae Benjamin 2015	<div><p>Geraesta ansieae sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 1–4</p> <p>Etymology: Named in honour of Dr Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman. She has contributed in a big way to our present understanding of the diversity and richness of African crab spiders. Further, she is an inspiration to many African arachnologists.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Males of G. ansieae sp. n. can be distinguished from congeners by the combined presence of the following characters: C absent, MA spoon-shaped with an elongated stalK, filiform E that winds 1.5× around the tegulum, and the single tibial apophysis. Female unknown.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>Male (holotype).</p> <p>Measurements: total length: 2.7; prosoma length: 1.5, width: 1.5. Leg I: femur 2.9, patella 0.6, tibia 3.0, metatarsus 2.4, tarsus 1.4.</p> <p>Prosoma rounded, yellow-brown, blackish laterally (Fig. 1). Leg formula 2143, ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME. AER, PER recurved, eyes on light-brown protuberances, but not touching. Legs elongated. Opisthosoma longer than wide, light yellow, with white spots, yellow folium in the centre (Fig. 1). Opisthosoma without tubercles. Palp as in Figs 2–4, with single tibial apophysis and disc-shaped tegulum; E long, winding 1.5× around tegulum, C absent, MA spoon-shaped with an elongated stalk.</p> <p>Holotype ♂: RWANDA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.6666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.583334/lat -1.6666667)">Eastern Rwanda</a>: Akagera National Park, 01°40'S 30°35'E, 14.xi–10.xii.1985, leg. R. Jocqué, Nsengimana &amp; J.P. Michiels, dried out, right palp missing, some legs missing (MRAC 239298). Remark: Although the type specimen is in a reasonably poor condition, the distinctive morphology of the male palp (long embolus, absence of conductor) leaves no doubt that it is a new taxon that should be described.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFE8FFD156A2FF1DFD48F930	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benjamin, Suresh P.	Benjamin, Suresh P. (2015): On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae). African Invertebrates 56 (2): 309, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0205, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205
D746F916FFEEFFD65626FF1AFBCEFAD1.text	D746F916FFEEFFD65626FF1AFBCEFAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geraesta congoensis (Lessert 1943) Benjamin 2015	<div><p>Geraesta congoensis (Lessert, 1943), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 5–8, 12–15</p> <p>Stephanopis congoensis Lessert, 1943: 333, figs 35–37.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Males of G. congoensis can be distinguished from congeners by the combined presence of the following characters: needle-shaped C with slight bend just before the tip, spatUlate MA with an elongated stalK, and the filiform E that winds once around the tegulum.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>Male (syntype).</p> <p>Measurements: total length: 7.5; prosoma length: 3.3, width: 2.9. Leg I: femur 3.8, patella 1.2, tibia 3.8, metatarsus 2.9, tarsus 1.2.</p> <p>Leg formula 1243, ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME. AER, PER recurved, eyes on light-brown protuberances, but not touching. Palps as in Figs 5, 15: single tibial apophysis, C needle-shaped with slight bend just before the tip, MA spatulate with an elongated stalk. E originates at distal end of the tegulum, winding once around it.</p> <p>Female (syntype).</p> <p>Measurements: total length: 5.4; prosoma length: 2.7, width: 2.6.</p> <p>In general similar to male. Epigynum and vulva as in Figs 6–8. Further, see Lessert (1943) for a detailed description.</p> <p>Type material: 1♂ 1♀ syntypes (eXamined): D.R. CONGO: Flandria: Leg. R.P. Hulstaert, det. Lessert 1943, no more label data, material badly preserved, male legs separated, left palp removed/missing, chelicerae missing, MRAC 239288; 1♀ syntype, together with 1 palp and 2 chelicerae, legs separated, epigynum dissected (not examined): D.R. CONGO: Sankuru: Komi, probably lost, see remarks below.</p> <p>Other material examined: BOTSWANA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.883333/lat -18.416666)">Okavango Delta</a>: Shakawe Fishing Camp, 18°25'S 21°53'E, 12.Xii.2006. leg. C. Haddad, beating short shrUbs, 1♂ (NCA 2007/1088). CÔTE D’IVOIRE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.33333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.1/lat -0.33333334)">Bingerville</a>: 00°20'S 19°06'E, 1.ii.1963, leg. J. Decelle, 1♂ (MRAC 239297). D.R. CONGO: Bokuma: x.1936, leg. R.P. HUlstaert, 1♀, damaged and in a fragile condition (MRAC 239299). SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.4/lat -27.016666)">Natal</a>: NdUmo Game Reserve, 26°52'S 32°12'E, 9.i.2002, leg. C. Haddad, grass, sweep net, 1♀ (NCA 2002/599); Tembe Elephant ParK, 27°01'S 32°24'E, 8.i.2002, leg. C. Haddad, beating short shrUbs, 2♂ 2♀ (NCA 2006/1401).</p> <p>Remarks: The specimens cited in the original description as types are housed in MRAC (239288). The palp and two chelicerae that were originally in MHNG were probably from the aforementioned male syntype. These parts and a single female, probably the female from Komi mentioned in the original description, were loaned some years ago to Pekka Lehtinen (formally of the Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Finland) and never returned (Peter Schwendinger, in litt.). They are now believed lost.</p> <p>Distribution: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, South Africa.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFEEFFD65626FF1AFBCEFAD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benjamin, Suresh P.	Benjamin, Suresh P. (2015): On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae). African Invertebrates 56 (2): 309, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0205, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205
D746F916FFEEFFD4569CFA47FED2FDBD.text	D746F916FFEEFFD4569CFA47FED2FDBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geraesta hirta Simon 1889	<div><p>Geraesta hirta Simon, 1889</p> <p>Figs 9–11, 16 Geraesta hirta Simon, 1889: 7, 225, figs 3–4; Benjamin 2011: 16, figs 7f, 39a–e, 40a–f, 41a–f; RamÍreZ</p> <p>2014: 223, figs 151a–b, 172f. Geraesta bilobata Simon, 1897: 7, fig. 5. Diagnosis: Males of G. hirta can be distinguished from congeners by the combined presence of the following characters: spiniform C with an acute tip, spoon-like MA with a tapered stalK, and an elongated filiform E that winds 0.5× around the tegulum.</p> <p>Description: See Benjamin (2011).</p> <p>New records: COMOROS: Grande Comore: Tsinimouapanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.4116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.929716" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.4116/lat -18.929716)">Noumamilima</a>, 11°50'S 43°26'E, 780 m, 1.vi.2003, leg. R. JocqUé &amp; D. van den Spiegel, forest, beating, 1♀ (MRAC 239300); DjoUmoUadjongo, 11°48'S 43°17'E, 268 m, 30.v.2003, leg. R. JocqUé &amp; D. van den Spiegel, forest, 1♀ (MRAC 239296); La Grille, S. de Ivembeni, Ferme GP, 11°27'S 43°20'E, 825 m, 22.Xii.1983, leg. R. JocqUé, sieving, 1♂ (MRAC 239301). MADAGASCAR: Toamasina Province: Station Forestière Analamazaotra, administered by Mitsinjo, 0.75 km N of Andasibe, 18°55.783'S 48°24.696'E, 964 m, 31.i–3.ii.2009, leg. C. Griswold et al., general collecting day and night, primary montane rainforest, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9035910); Same label data as previoUs, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9035911); Same label data as previoUs, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9035912).</p> <p>Distribution: Previously known only from Madagascar, recorded from the Comoros for the first time.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFEEFFD4569CFA47FED2FDBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benjamin, Suresh P.	Benjamin, Suresh P. (2015): On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae). African Invertebrates 56 (2): 309, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0205, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205
D746F916FFECFFD45621FDF1FC8DFA69.text	D746F916FFECFFD45621FDF1FC8DFA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geraesta octolobata (Simon 1886) Benjamin 2015	<div><p>Geraesta octolobata (Simon, 1886), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 17–26</p> <p>Stephanopis octolobata Simon, 1886: 170 (♀ syntype from MADAGASCAR, deposited in MNHN, bUt not found; species catalogue card found, but no vial in jar # 1547 mentioned therein).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Males and females of G. octolobata can be distinguished from congeners by the eight dorsal lobes of the opisthosoma, which is reflected in the species name. FUrther, males can be distinguished by the combined presence of the following characters: C with a short filiform tip, concave MA with a stoUt stalK and a groove in the apical half, and filiform E slightly longer than the length of the tegUlUm.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>Male.</p> <p>Measurements: total length: 5.0; prosoma length: 2.7, width: 2.3. Leg I: femur 3.3, patella 0.9, tibia 3.2, metatarsus 2.6, tarsus 1.2.</p> <p>Prosoma brownish with a prominent triangular-shaped white patch and random dark green/black patches (Figs 17, 18). Opisthosoma with eight whitish dorsal lobes in two rows of four each, blackish with green/black patches medially and laterally. Leg formula 1243, ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME. AER, PER recurved, eyes on light-brown protuberances, but not touching. Palps as in Figs 20–26: single tibial apophysis with serrated tip, cymbiUm with two dorsal Tr; C broadest at centre, with a short filiform tip; MA concave with stout stalk and groove in apical half; E longer than the length of the tegulum. Female.</p> <p>The female is only known from the original description.</p> <p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.917667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.75/lat -18.917667)">Material</a> examined: MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: R.S. Manongarvio, 17.3 km 218° SW Antanambao, 14°01.35'S 48°28.09'E, 1600 m, 27.X–7.Xi.1998, leg. B.L. Fisher, 1♂ (CAS, CASENT 9057555, #1971 MT); Antananarivo: Station Forestière Angavakely, 22 km E Antananarivo, 18°55.06'S, 47°45'E, 1300 m, 8.ix.2001, leg. D. Andriamalala, T. Andriambinintsoa, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa &amp; D. Ubick, low canopy remnant forest, general collecting, 1imm.♀ (CAS, CASENT 9001385).</p> <p>RemarKs: The eXamined specimens fit the description of Simon (1886).</p> <p>Distribution: Endemic to highland forests of Madagascar.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFECFFD45621FDF1FC8DFA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benjamin, Suresh P.	Benjamin, Suresh P. (2015): On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae). African Invertebrates 56 (2): 309, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0205, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205
D746F916FFECFFD456DCFA23FCC6F936.text	D746F916FFECFFD456DCFA23FCC6F936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanopis rhomboidalis Simon 1886	<div><p>Stephanopis rhomboidalis Simon, 1886</p> <p>Stephanopis rhomboidalis Simon, 1886: 169 (1♂ 1♀ syntypes from MADAGASCAR, shoUld be in the</p> <p>MNHN, but not found; no species catalogue card found). Remarks: This species is considered a nomen dubium as no known Geraesta or Stephanopis species can be unambiguously linked to this name.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFECFFD456DCFA23FCC6F936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Benjamin, Suresh P.	Benjamin, Suresh P. (2015): On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae). African Invertebrates 56 (2): 309, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0205, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205
