identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D04487FBA679FFBEFF78F973FCB9151E.text	D04487FBA679FFBEFF78F973FCB9151E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coeliccia scutellum Laidlaw 1932	<div><p>Coeliccia scutellum Laidlaw, 1932</p><p>Coeliccia tomokunii Asahina, 1997 has been considered a junior synonym of C. scutellum Laidlaw, 1932 (Wilson &amp; Reels 2001) . Asahina (1997: 24) indicated this possibility in his original description of C. tomokunii and suggested that “...a careful comparison of the type specimen is needed between the two species.” In order to test this possible synonymy we compared the lectotype of C. scutellum with specimens that were collected near the type locality of C. tomokunii, since the type specimens of C. tomokunii are not accessible and may be lost.</p><p>Descriptions and illustrations of specimens are provided and compared with the original descriptions by Laidlaw (1932) and Asahina (1997). Laidlaw (1932) gave only a short description and a rough sketch of the thoracic markings of C. scutellum, whereas Asahina's (1997) description includes illustrations of the head, thorax and anal appendages of C. tomokunii .</p><p>Material examined. Type material: 1♂ Lectotype: Bao Ha, Tonkin (Vietnam), 20.04.1924, leg. H. Stevens [BMNH, NHMUK 010266912].</p><p>Other material: Total 6♂: 1♂ Mt. Tam Dao, Vinh Phu Province, northern Vietnam, 1994, leg. M. Hämäläinen [RMNH]. 1♂ “Stream below Thac Bac” Tam Dao, Vinh Phu Province, northern Vietnam, 26.06.2008, leg. M. Hämäläinen [RMNH]. 1♂ same locality, 28.06.2008, leg. M. Hämäläinen [RMNH]. 3♂ “Rhododendron &amp; Fivelakes trail” Bach Ma National Park, Thua Tien Hue Province, central Vietnam, 15– 18.06.2008, leg. M. Hämäläinen [RMNH].</p><p>Description of the lectotype. Head (Fig. 2 A): Completely black except for diffuse greyish patches reaching out apically from the ocelli; typical postocular spots only just visible, the coloration faded away almost entirely. Prothorax (Fig. 2 B–C): All black, posterior lobe slightly raised.</p><p>Synthorax (Fig. 2 B–C): Black dorsally, with two big yellow markings (Fig. 2 B). Synthorax laterally black with two big yellow markings, the lower one covering most of the metepimeron, the upper one covering the posterior part of the metepisternum up to the metathoracic spiracle, dorsally reaching slightly onto the mesepisternum. A small but distinct black spot near the upper margin of the metepisternal yellow marking; mesepisternum black.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 2 G–H): Hyaline with black Pt, covering nearly two cells in Fw and Hw. 21 Px in Fw, 20 Px in Hw. RP 2 arising slightly proximal to Px 10 in Fw, between Px 7 and Px 8 in Hw. IR1 arises at Px 13 in Fw, and at Px 11 in Hw. IR2 arises slightly distal to subnodus in all wings.</p><p>Abdomen: Slender, black with whitish lateral spots on S3–6.</p><p>Anal appendages (Fig. 2 D–F): Paraprocts slightly overtopping cerci in length. Cerci with small, medially directed spine on upper inner border; followed dorsoapically by a rounded elevation, and with distinct ventromedial tooth arising subapically. This tooth is difficult to see in the lectotype, as the cerci are turned so that the tooth is rather directed inwards.</p><p>Genital ligula (Fig. 5 A–B, Supplementary Fig. 1): First segment simple with distal bend; second segment curved with well-developed inner fold, without terminal fold; third segment flat, median part distinctly raised, with two recurved flagella arising medially from raised part, bordering first segment.</p><p>Measurements (mm): Lectotype: Total length: 49, Abd.: 42, Fw/Hw (left): 21.</p><p>Measurement ranges of the six studied specimen collected near the type locality: Total length: 55–61, Abd.: 47–52, Fw (left): 29–34, Hw (left): 29–34.</p><p>Variation. Head (Fig. 3 A): Specimens from near the type locality show more extensive whitish coloration reaching out from the lateral ocelli towards the antennal bases, which have a whitish base; postocular spots distinct, yellowish white.</p><p>Synthorax (Fig. 3 B–C): Lateral yellow markings of the specimens from near the type locality agree well with the lectotype, but there is great variation in the extent of the two dorsal, escutcheon-shaped spots. In some specimens they cover about one third of the dorsal part of the synthorax as in the lectotype; in other specimens the spots cover up to two thirds of the dorsal synthorax (Fig. 3 B–C). The coloration, described by Laidlaw (1932: 22) as “…citron or sulphur-yellow…” also varies in the specimen from the type locality; some specimen have citron markings as in the lectotype, while in others the markings are of a rather deep golden yellow color (Fig. 3 B–C).</p><p>Anal appendages (Fig. 3 D–F): In some of the other specimens examined, the anal appendages dried in another position than in the lectotype, so that the ventromedial tooth is directed straight downward and the small spine is directed rather obliquely inward (Fig. 3 D–F). Asahina (1997: 23) did not describe the anal appendages for C. tomokunii but mentioned that the superior appendages are “provided with inflated head…”. Depending on the position of these appendages, this impression may arise from the rounded dorsoapical elevation.</p><p>Genital ligula (Fig. 5 C–D, Supplementary Fig. 2): All specimens from near the type locality with two small thin flaps arising laterally from raised median part of segment three, posterior of origin of flagella (Fig. 1 C, 5 C– D). Flaps missing in the lectotype.</p><p>Remarks. The specimens of Coeliccia scutellum studied show rather strong variation in coloration, size and shape of dorsal markings. In order to visualize this variability, we illustrate a specimen that is most different from the lectotype in all mentioned characters (Fig. 3). The genital ligula of all examined specimens, differs from the genital ligula of the lectotype in having two thin lateral flaps on segment three (Fig. 1 C, 5 C–D). The lectotype is the only specimen without flaps on the genital ligula, although the shape of the ligula is otherwise consistent with that found in the other specimens. Since there are no other structural differences between the lectotype and the other examined specimens, it seems possible that the flaps have eroded in the lectotype. Alternatively, within the 70 years that passed between the collection of the lectotype and the collection of the other specimens examined the genital ligula might have changed due to sexual selection or genetic drift. It seems also possible that there is variation in the shape of the genital ligula, with the lectotype without flaps representing the extreme end of the variability.</p><p>As the somatic and genital variability is strong between lectotype and all other examined specimens, we suggest that C. tomokunii is synonymous with C. scutellum . Investigating the variability in a long series of C. scutellum, in particular the assessment of whether there is continuous variation in flap size or bimodal distribution, would help to clarify the taxonomic status. We propose the following synonymy:</p><p>Coeliccia scutellum Laidlaw, 1932</p><p>Syn. Coeliccia tomokunii Asahina, 1997, syn. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D04487FBA679FFBEFF78F973FCB9151E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Steinhoff, Philip O. M.;Uhl, Gabriele	Steinhoff, Philip O. M., Uhl, Gabriele (2015): Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis. Zootaxa 4059 (2): 257-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.2
D04487FBA67DFFBCFF78FAC0FE95175C.text	D04487FBA67DFFBCFF78FAC0FE95175C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coeliccia hainanense Laidlaw 1932	<div><p>Coeliccia hainanense Laidlaw, 1932, stat. nov.</p><p>Laidlaw (1932) gave a short, unillustrated description of 4 specimens which were collected in Hainan and which he considered to represent a subspecies of C. scutellum . Here, we redescribe the lectotype of C. hainanense including photos of head, thorax, anal appendages and micro-CT reconstructions of the genital ligula. Distinguishing characters of the lectotypes of C. hainanense and C. scutellum are discussed.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂, Coeliccia scutellum hainanense, Lectotype: Mt. Wouchi, Hainan, 19.5.0 3, 1911–288 [BMNH, NHMUK 010266913].</p><p>Description. Head (Fig. 4 A): Black; genae, mandible bases, distal ends of first antenna segments and small spots between lateral ocelli and antenna bases whitish.</p><p>Prothorax (Fig. 4 B–D): All black, but with two small, lateral yellow spots on posterior lobe.</p><p>Synthorax (Fig. 4 B–D): Dorsum with two big yellow spots (Fig. 4 D). Yellow lateral markings extend over nearly all of metepisternum and metepimeron (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Wings (Fig. 4 G–H): Hyaline with black Pt, covering nearly two cells in Fw and about 1½ cells in Hw. 17 Px in both Fw, 18 Px in left, 16 in right Hw. RP 2 arising slightly proximal to Px 8 in both Fw, at Px 7 in left Hw and between Px 6 and Px 7 in right Hw. IR1 arises at Px 12 in left Fw, slightly distal to Px 11 in right Fw, at Px 9 in left and at Px 10 in right Hw. IR2 arises slightly distal to subnodus in all wings.</p><p>Abdomen: Long and slender; black with cream white ventral part and lateral white spots at the end of S3–6. Sides of S1–2 cream white.</p><p>Anal appendages (Fig. 4 D–F): Golden yellow. Cerci rather stout and club-shaped; paraprocts longer than cerci, slender and curved.</p><p>Genital ligula (Fig. 5 E–F, Supplementary Fig. 3): First segment simple, distally slightly curved in lateral view. Second segment broad and curved, nearly concealing spine-like internal fold from lateral view, without terminal fold; third segment with prominent apical fold and two curved, laterally arising flagella at apex.</p><p>Measurements (mm): Total length: 56, Abd.: 48, Wingspan: 60, Fw (right): 28, Hw (right): 29</p><p>Remarks. The structural differences in the genital ligula suggest that the C. hainanese specimen represents a distinct species rather than subspecies of C. scutellum . However, these two species may be closely allied.</p><p>In addition to several photos taken by the first author (Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Quảng Bình, Vietnam and Sơn Trà, Đà Nẵng, Vietnam), we have seen photos of different individuals of C. scutellum from various locations in Vietnam taken by Do Manh Cuong (Hòn Bà, Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu) Sébastien Delonglée and Tom Kompier (both Tam Đảo, Vĩnh Phúc). Furthermore, we examined photos of some individuals of C. hainanense taken by Graham Reels and Shanlian Mo from Yinggelin Nature Reserve, Nanlin Nature Reserve, Hui Shan and Mount Wuzhishan in Hainan (Fig. 6 A–H). This additional material shows that the extent of synthoracic markings varies within both C. scutellum and C. hainanense . The synthoracic markings of some individuals of C. scutellum look almost exactly like those of the lectotype C. hainanense; in one specimen the dorsal spots cover about two thirds of the synthorax, more than in any specimen of C. hainanense that we have examined. The coloration of the distal abdominal segments in all individuals of C. scutellum examined is restricted to S9 and S10 or often only to S10. Thus, the coloration of S8–10 and the considerable larger size seem to be the only characters to distinguish C. hainanense from C. scutellum in the field. One of the photographs from Hainan shows an immature male that differs from the adults by having four dorsal spots on the synthorax (Fig. 6 C). This interesting difference in the colour pattern between individuals of different age has been shown earlier in other Coeliccia species (e.g. Laidlaw 1932, Kosterin &amp; Vikhrev 2009, Kosterin 2011, Steinhoff &amp; Do 2013). More specimens of C. hainanense need to be examined for a better understanding of age-dependent variation within the species.</p><p>Due to differences in the genital ligula, body size and coloration we propose to promote C. hainanense to species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D04487FBA67DFFBCFF78FAC0FE95175C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Steinhoff, Philip O. M.;Uhl, Gabriele	Steinhoff, Philip O. M., Uhl, Gabriele (2015): Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis. Zootaxa 4059 (2): 257-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.2
D04487FBA670FFB1FF78F8DAFD2517AC.text	D04487FBA670FFB1FF78F8DAFD2517AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coeliccia pyriformis Laidlaw 1932	<div><p>Coeliccia pyriformis Laidlaw, 1932</p><p>As pointed out by Dow (2011a), the original description of Coeliccia pyriformis by Laidlaw (1932) lacks drawings as well as a sufficiently detailed description. Here, we redescribe the holotype and discuss inaccuracies in the original description. The potential synonymy of C. pyriformis and C. acco Asahina, 1997, is discussed.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂ Holotype: “Bao Ha, Tonkin ”, 21. July 1924, leg. H. Stevens [BMNH, NHMUK 010266914].</p><p>Description. Head and prothorax (Fig. 7 A): Head black, anteclypeus, antefrons and genae cream white; two pale spots between lateral ocelli and base of antennae. Prothorax entirely black, hindlobe slightly raised. Synthorax (Fig. 7 B–C): Black with grey-purplish markings that are nearly faded away. Dorsally with two inward curved stripes (Fig 7 C); mesepimeron mostly black, metepisternum and metepimeron covered by large markings.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 7 G–H): Hyaline, with black Pt, covering about 1¼ cells. 16 Px in both Hw, 17 Px in left Fw and 18 Px in right Fw. RP 2 arising at Px 6 in both Hw, at Px 7 in left Fw and at Px 8 in right Fw. IR1 arises slightly distal to Px 10 in both Fw and slightly distal to Px 9 in both Hw. IR2 arises distal to subnodus and is inserted at subnodal vein.</p><p>Abdomen: Black, long and slender; ventral part of the abdomen cream white, the white extending upwards at the end of the segments, forming lateral spots that are visible from S3–7, the spot at S7 being notably smaller (and not visible dorsally) than those on S3–6. Segments 9 and 10 ochre.</p><p>Anal appendages (Fig. 7 D–F): Ochreous, cerci slightly shorter than paraprocts. Cerci with ventromedial tooth that is rather difficult to see from lateral view, obvious from dorsolateral and dorsal views.</p><p>Genital ligula (Fig. 8 A–B, Supplementary Fig. 4): First segment simple, distally curved; second segment with internal, but without terminal fold; third segment with two laterally placed flagella. Ends of the flagella turned inwards and thickened in lateral view.</p><p>Measurements (mm): Total length: 42, Abd.: 36, Wingspan: 43, Fw/Hw (right): 21.</p><p>Remarks. The original description of the holotype of C. pyriformis (Laidlaw 1932) does not mention the pale spots between lateral ocelli and base of antennae. Additionally, Laidlaw (1932: 26) described two “...pyriform marks of pale blue…” dorsally on each side of the synthorax. He noted that these markings “...faded...the whole dorsum being uniformly black...” (Laidlaw 1932: 26) after a while. However, during the examination of the holotype, we noted that the markings are still clearly visible, when the specimen is viewed under good lighting. Furthermore, the markings on the synthorax do not have a pyriform shape but are rather simple inwardly curved stripes (cf. Fig. 11 A–C for photographs in life of C. pyriformis).</p><p>Laidlaw (1932: 26) declared that the superior appendages did not have any “...marked projection...”. This is, however, not the case. There is a ventromedial tooth that is rather difficult to see from lateral view, but obvious from dorsolateral and dorsal view.</p><p>Comparison of the holotype of C. pyriformis with the original description of C. acco by Asahina (1997) and the recent redescription of this species, based on new material, by Steinhoff &amp; Do (2013), shows that C. acco agrees with C. pyriformis in all diagnostic characters. Only the number of Px given for C. acco by Steinhoff &amp; Do (2013) differ from the holotype C. pyriformis, which has 3 Px less in all wings. Therefore we propose the following synonymy:</p><p>Coeliccia pyriformis Laidlaw, 1932</p><p>Syn. Coeliccia acco Asahina, 1997, syn. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D04487FBA670FFB1FF78F8DAFD2517AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Steinhoff, Philip O. M.;Uhl, Gabriele	Steinhoff, Philip O. M., Uhl, Gabriele (2015): Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis. Zootaxa 4059 (2): 257-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.2
D04487FBA673FFB5FF78FF03FD7B1306.text	D04487FBA673FFB5FF78FF03FD7B1306.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coeliccia cyanomelas Ris 1912	<div><p>Coeliccia cyanomelas Ris, 1912</p><p>It has been suggested that Coeliccia onoi Asahina, 1997 might be a junior synonym of Coeliccia cyanomelas Ris, 1912 (Dow 2011b) . To test the taxonomic status of these taxa, we present descriptions and illustrations of one C. cyanomelas specimen from Taiwan and one C. onoi specimen from its type locality in Vietnam (Fig. 10 A–F). In Taiwan, only two species of Coeliccia occur, namely C. cyanomelas and C. flavicauda Ris, 1912 (Wang 2000) . A description of the specimen from Taiwan is provided, and differences from the original descriptions by Ris (1912) and Asahina (1997), and the specimen from Vietnam are pointed out. Ris (1912) gave only a very rough sketch of the anal appendages of C. cyanomelas, and Asahina (1997) provided rough sketches of head, thorax and anal appendages of C. onoi .</p><p>Material examined. Total 2♂: 1♂ “Taihanroku, Formosa ”, 1968–70, leg. J. Cowley [BMNH, NHMUK 010266915]. 1♂ “small rocky streamlets on roadside to Tam Dao 2” Tam Dao, Vinh Phu Province, northern Vietnam, 27.06.2008, leg. M. Hämäläinen [RMNH].</p><p>Description. Head (Fig. 9 A): Black with two distinct bluish white spots between lateral ocelli and antennal bases. Anteclypeus, antefrons and genae bluish white.</p><p>Prothorax (Fig. 9 A–C): Black, lobes procumbent; sides of prothorax bluish white.</p><p>Synthorax (Fig. 9 B–C): Dorsally black with two pairs of bluish grey marks, anterior ones larger and more oriented medially than posterior ones. Big bluish grey marking on metepisternum and metepimeron interrupted by thick black line on interpleural suture. Lower part of mesepimeron bluish grey, upper part black.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 9 G–H): Hyaline with blackish Pt. 20 px in Fw, 19 px in Hw. RP 2 arising at px 9 in Fw and at px 7 in Hw. IR1 arises slightly distal to Px 11 in Fw and Px 9 in Hw. IR2 arises somewhat distal to subnodus in all wings.</p><p>Abdomen: Long and slender; black with lateral white spots at the ends of S3–7. Caudal third of S8, all of S9 and dorsal part and half of sides of S10 blue. Ventral and lower lateral parts of S10 black.</p><p>Anal appendages (Fig. 9 D–F): Cerci and paraprocts bluish grey, only base of paraprocts black. Paraprocts slightly overtop cerci in length. Cerci simple and straight with strong ventromedially directed tooth.</p><p>Genital ligula (Fig. 8 C–D, Supplementary Fig. 5): First segment simple, distally slightly curved; second segment with slight terminal fold and small internal fold; third segment narrow, resembling two broad coalesced flagella. Third segment with small apical fold and two thick flagella that arise at apex but are strongly recurved, positioned ventrolateral of third segment. Genital ligula of same shape in both examined specimens.</p><p>Measurements (mm): BMNH specimen: Total length: 49, Abd.: 41, Wingspan: 56, Fw/Hw (right): 26. RMNH specimen: Total length: 50, Abd.: 44, Fw (right): 29, Hw (right): 28.</p><p>Remarks. There are only two differences between the specimens in the descriptions of C. cyanomelas by Ris (1912) and C. onoi by Asahina (1997). One is the coloration of the dorsal synthorax, which has two pairs of markings in the specimens examined by Ris (1912) but only one pair in the specimen examined by Asahina. The other difference is the hook-shaped margin of the black dorsal coloration on the anterior mesepimeron and mesepisternum, which is visible in Asahina’s (1997) drawings and our specimen from Vietnam but less prominent in our specimen from Taiwan and the specimen examined by Ris (1912). Ris (1912: 66) described the black coloration on the mesepimeron as “… buchtig begrenzt …” (indented); Asahina (1997: 26) found an abrupt widening of the mesepimeral black coloration “… at its lower 1/4 …” in his specimen. In our specimen from Vietnam and the drawing by Asahina (1997), this widening is hook-shaped and reaches well onto the metepisternum (Fig. 10 C). However, the specimen from Taiwan shows only a slight widening of the black coloration, which is not hook-shaped (Fig. 9 B).</p><p>We have seen several photos by Sébastien Delonglée, Do Manh Cuong and Tom Kompier of different C. cyanomelas individuals from northern Vietnam, which show a great variation in size and presence of the posterior spots on the dorsal synthorax. The individuals show: i) distinct spots, ii) small spots, or iii) no spots (cf. Fig. 11 D– F). Asahina (1997) only examined one male specimen, thus he could not be aware of the variability of the thoracic markings. Ris (1912) examined 3 males from Taiwan and 8 males from Guangdong province in southern China and does not mention any variation in the thoracic markings; thus the individuals from Vietnam with only one pair of spots and black hook-shaped markings on the mesepimeron and mesepisternum may represent a local variation of C. cyanomelas .</p><p>We examined one specimen from Vietnam and one from Taiwan, and most characters, including the genital ligula, strongly agree. We therefore propose the following synonymy:</p><p>Coeliccia cyanomelas Ris, 1912</p><p>Syn. Coeliccia onoi Asahina, 1997, syn. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D04487FBA673FFB5FF78FF03FD7B1306	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Steinhoff, Philip O. M.;Uhl, Gabriele	Steinhoff, Philip O. M., Uhl, Gabriele (2015): Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis. Zootaxa 4059 (2): 257-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.2
