identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FD18FA317ABB.text	D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FD18FA317ABB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Botrypus Michx., Fl. Bor.	<div><p>Botrypus Michx., Fl. Bor. - Amer. 2: 274. 1803.</p> <p>Botrypus is a member of the Botrychium clade that is characterized by the leaf divided into a spreading, dissected, green blade with free veins and a single, erect, non-green, panicle-like, spore-bearing spike. Botrypus itself can be recognized by the fertile spike short-stalked, borne at the top of the petiole near the base of the sterile pinnae. Anemia has similar erect fertile spikes at the base of the green pinnae, but has usually two spikes per leaf and the sporangia are ovoid or pear-shaped with a subapical annulus, not globular and lacking an annulus, as in Botrypus. Species of the Botrychium clade are often overlooked because they only periodically form leaves above ground (usually only one leaf per year) and because they are often hidden in dense grassy or bushy vegetation. A monotypic genus widely distributed throughout America, Europe and Asia.</p> <p>Recent studies have uncovered substantial cryptic diversity among the northern hemisphere members of Botrychium, often combined with hybridization and polyploidy (Wagner &amp; Wagner 1983, Wagner et al. 1984b, Hauk 1995, Hauk &amp; Haufler 1999, Hauk et al. 2012, Dauphin et al. 2014). Furthermore, many species populations are geographically isolated from each other; this often results in high levels of intragametophytic selfing and vegetative reproduction, leading to marked geographical genetic variation within species that is also reflected in morphological variation (Soltis &amp; Soltis 1986, Farrar &amp; Johnson-Groh 1990, Watano &amp; Sahashi 1992, Camacho &amp; Liston 2001).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FD18FA317ABB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FAD8FAE0787F.text	D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FAD8FAE0787F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Botrypus virginianus	<div><p>Botrypus virginianus (L.) Michx., Fl. Bor.- Amer. 2: 274. 1803.</p> <p>= Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 111. 1800 [1801].</p> <p>Range: — Canada to Bolivia (CO, SC, TA) and Brazil; Greater Antilles; Europe; Asia.</p> <p>Ecology: —Locally fairly common; terrestrial in humid to semihumid forests and scrub (Young &amp; León 1993); 1800–3100 m, to sea level elsewhere. One of the world’s most ecologically adaptable fern species.</p> <p>Notes: —There is considerable variation in the length of the fertile spikes and the dissection of the sterile blades, and several varieties or subspecies have been recognized by some authors. There is evidence that Botrypus has undergone gene transfer with a parasitic angiosperm through shared mycorrhizal partners (Davis et al. 2005).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FAD8FAE0787F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1F99DFE657897.text	D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1F99DFE657897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiroglossa C. Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid.	<div><p>Cheiroglossa C.Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 56. 1845 [1846].</p> <p>This segregate genus from Ophioglossum has a single, tropical species characterized by palmately divided leaves bearing usually 6–8 fertile spikes (Bower 1911, Gómez 1976). It is closely related to the Asian genus Ophioderma (Blume) Endl., which is also epiphytic but has simple leaves; these two genera have sometimes been treated as congeners (Hauk et al. 2003).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1F99DFE657897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1F8F5FCA27677.text	D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1F8F5FCA27677.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiroglossa palmata	<div><p>Cheiroglossa palmata (L.) C.Presl., Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 57. 1845 [1846].</p> <p>= Ophioglossum palmatum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1063. 1753.</p> <p>= Ophioderma palmata (L.) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39(463): 193. 1925.</p> <p>Range: — U.S.A. (southern Florida); Antilles; southern Mexico to Bolivia (CO, LP, SC, TA), northeastern Argentina, and Brazil; Madagascar; southeastern Asia.</p> <p>Ecology: —Uncommon to locally fairly common; epiphytic in humid forests, mostly on moss-covered tree trunks or large branches (Ibisch et al. 1995); (200) 1000–2500 m.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1F8F5FCA27677	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FE07FA1B7CFA.text	D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FE07FA1B7CFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioglossaceae	<div><p>Key to the Bolivian genera of Ophioglossaceae</p> <p>1 Blades compound; fertile portion of each fertile blade a panicle-like structure............................................................................... 2</p> <p>– Blades simple or palmately divided; fertile portion of each fertile blade a single spike-like structure or 6–8 separate spikes....... 3</p> <p>2 Fertile spike short-stalked, borne at the top of the petiole near the base of the sterile pinnae............................................ Botrypus</p> <p>– Fertile spike long-stalked, borne near the base of the petiole........................................................................................ Sceptridium</p> <p>3 Sterile blades deeply palmately lobed; 6–8 fertile spikes to a blade; plants epiphytic................................................. Cheiroglossa</p> <p>– Sterile blades entire; one fertile spike to a blade; plants terrestrial............................................................................ Ophioglossum</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFC85B46F7B1FE07FA1B7CFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FF4FFB0C7FF1.text	D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FF4FFB0C7FF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioglossum	<div><p>Ophioglossum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753.</p> <p>Ophioglossum is a distinctive genus of mostly small, terrestrial ferns with fleshy, usually undivided blades, anastomosing veins, and the sporangia joined to form a synangial spike. The species often reproduce by proliferous stolons and can form extensive colonies in grassy or marshy habitats. They are frequently overlooked because the plants are small, superficially resemble small simple-bladed angiosperms, often grow in disturbed vegetation, and are commonly concealed by other vegetation. Many species are variable and have disjunct distribution ranges. Correspondingly, the species limits are not well understood. A genus of worldwide distribution with about 30 species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FF4FFB0C7FF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FE34FA1B7C82.text	D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FE34FA1B7C82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioglossum	<div><p>Key to the Bolivian species of Ophioglossum</p> <p>1 Rhizomes globose.............................................................................................................................................. O. crotalophoroides</p> <p>– Rhizomes cylindrical, sometimes swollen, but not globose............................................................................................................. 2</p> <p>2 Sterile leaves stalked, with a 3–8 mm long, dry, membranaceous common stalk........................................................ O. scariosum</p> <p>– Sterile leaves sessile or nearly so...................................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3 Sterile blades narrowly to broadly elliptic to oblong, mostly 0.5–1(1.5) cm wide, bases cuneate, often narrowly so; midveins usually somewhat distinct, often bordered by a pale band of tissue................................................................................... O. nudicaule</p> <p>– Sterile blades cordiform, mostly (2) 3–6 cm wide, bases cordate; midveins indistinct, not bordered by a pale band of tissue................................................................................................................................................................................................ O. reticulatum</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FE34FA1B7C82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FBBAFF697BE1.text	D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FBBAFF697BE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioglossum nudicaule	<div><p>Ophioglossum nudicaule L.f., Suppl. Pl. 443. 1781 [1782].</p> <p>= Ophioglossum ellipticum Hook. &amp; Grev., Icon. Filic. 1(2): t. 40A. 1827.</p> <p>Range: —Southeastern U.S.A. and Mexico to Brazil and Argentina; Greater Antilles; Africa; tropical Asia; Australia. In Bolivia, recorded from BE, CH, CO, LP, SC, and TA, but with mostly only single records in each department.</p> <p>Ecology: —Uncommon, or at least uncommonly collected; terrestrial flooded savannas in the Beni lowlands, and in humid high-elevation meadows and pastures; to 4000 m.</p> <p>Notes: —A variable species in which seven ill-defined varieties are sometimes recognized (Clausen 1938, Wagner et al. 1984a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FBBAFF697BE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FA7EFF7D781D.text	D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FA7EFF7D781D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioglossum reticulatum	<div><p>Ophioglossum reticulatum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1063. 1753.</p> <p>Range: —Antilles; Mexico to Bolivia (BE, SC) and northern Argentina; Africa; Asia.</p> <p>Ecology: —Uncommon; terrestrial in humid, grassy habitats, flooded pastures, roadsides, and open forests; to 2200(3800) m.</p> <p>Notes: —A variable species, with the highest chromosome number known in the Plant Kingdom, 2 n = 1440 (Ghatak 1977).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1FA7EFF7D781D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1F97AFA2F796D.text	D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1F97AFA2F796D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioglossum scariosum R. T. Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot.	<div><p>Ophioglossum scariosum R.T.Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 153. 1938.</p> <p>Range: —Central Peru to Bolivia (CO, LP, OR).</p> <p>Ecology: —Fairly common; terrestrial in open, grassy areas, in Polylepis forests, and in salty swamps; 2840–4250 m.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1F97AFA2F796D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1F8EAFE1F79A2.text	D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1F8EAFE1F79A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sceptridium Lyon, Bot. Gaz.	<div><p>Sceptridium Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 40(6): 457. 1905.</p> <p>Differs from Botrypus in having long-stalked fertile spikes borne near the base of the petioles, and evergreen leaves (see under Botrypus). Unlike Botrychium and Botrypus, leaves may lack fertile stalks.A primarily northern hemisphere genus of about 25 species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCB5B45F7B1F8EAFE1F79A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
D25987A7FFCA5B44F7B1FF4CFA837FF0.text	D25987A7FFCA5B44F7B1FF4CFA837FF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sceptridium schaffneri (Underw.) Lyon, Bot. Gaz	<div><p>Sceptridium schaffneri (Underw.) Lyon, Bot. Gaz 40(6): 458. 1905.</p> <p>= Botrychium schaffneri Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 51. 1903.</p> <p>Range: — Mexico to Bolivia (CO, LP, SC) and Argentina.</p> <p>Ecology: —Uncommon and often overlooked; terrestrial in high-elevation scrub or tall grasslands; 2300–3850 m, down to 1800 m elsewhere.</p> <p>Notes: — Botrychium australe R.Br., from Argentina and Chile, may occur in southern Bolivia. It differs from B. schaffneri by its more fleshy blades with the three major segments long-stalked and somewhat pilose axes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D25987A7FFCA5B44F7B1FF4CFA837FF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kessler, Michael;Smith, Alan R.	Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. V. Ophioglossaceae. Phytotaxa 327 (1): 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.4
