identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D24883409E4C3950D8CEBCA217418989.text	D24883409E4C3950D8CEBCA217418989.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha chazaroi O. Sanchez, J. Jimenez Ram. & Arzaba 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Jatropha chazaroi O. Sánchez, J. Jiménez Ram. &amp; Arzaba ,  sp. nov. Figs. 1, 2. </p>
            <p> Similar to  J. podagrica but differing by an arborescent or shrubby habit up to 5 m tall (vs. shrubs 1–2 m tall), lacking a caudex (vs. caudex present), leaves with deciduous, non-spinescent stipules (vs. persistent and spinescent stipules), leaf blades 25–36 × 30–35 cm [vs. 14–22.5(–32) × 8.5–19 (–23.5) cm], petioles 25–39 cm long (vs. 16–28 cm long), inflorescences 4–14.4 cm long [vs. (6–) 12.5–36 cm long], connate calyces and corollas of flowers (vs. non-connate), and oblong-elliptic seeds, 1.1–1.3 cm long (vs. oval seeds, 0.55–0.6 cm long). </p>
            <p>  TYPE:— MEXICO. Veracruz:  Municipality of Apazapan ,  Paraje de Poza Larga , por  Las Carabinas , 600 m, 22 May 2021 (fl.), M. Cházaro B., C. Arzaba V. &amp; O. Sánchez S. 11120 (holotype: FCME!;  isotypes: CIB!, MEXU!, XALU!) . </p>
            <p>Trees or shrubs, deciduous, up to 5 m tall, monoecious, secondary branching sympodial; bark greenish-yellowish, smooth, with prominent lenticels (1 cm long). Leaves glabrous; stipules reduced to glands, one apical, bilobed, ca. 3 mm long, and two lateral, inconspicuous, ca. 0.5 mm long; petiole 25–39 cm long; blade obovate, 5–7-lobed, peltate, 25–36 × 30–35 cm, lobes 9–12 × 2–4 cm, apex acute-cuspidate, base hastate, margin entire, dark-green, lower surface glaucous-green, primary venation palmate with prominent main nerves, secondary venation brochidodromoussemicraspedodromous. Inflorescences corymbose cymes, axillary, monotelic, 4–14.4 cm long, peduncle 4–6(–9.8) × 0.5–0.58 cm, usually with an apical pistillate flower surrounded by numerous staminate flowers, basal pistillate bracts up to 1 cm long, hirsute, pink, paraclades 0.5–2.5 cm long, red-orange. Staminate flowers red-orange, 4.5–5 × 3–3.2 mm, pedicel 1.3–1.5 mm long; calyx connate, 3.6–3.8 mm long, lobes 5, 2.6–3.3 × 1.1–1.2 mm, oblong-lanceolate, purplish, apex acute; corolla connate, 4.7–5 mm long, lobes 5, 3.1–3.8 × 1.2–1.7 mm, pink, broadly oblong, apex rounded; disc with 5 ellipsoid glands, 0.7–0.9 × 0.45–0.5 mm; stamens 10, connate, uniseriate, filaments 2.45–2.75 mm long, anthers 1.1 × 0.4–0.5 mm. Pistillate flowers red-orange, 7.2–9 × 3.4–3.5 mm, pedicel ca. 1 mm long, calyx connate, 6.7–9 mm long, lobes 5, 6.7–9 × 1.4–1.5 mm, foliaceous, unequal, base keeled, apex acuminate; corolla connate, 6.2–6.9 mm long, lobes 5, 4.2–5.1 × 1.4–2 mm, upper surface pubescent; disc with 5 lenticular glands, 1.6–2 × 1–1.2 mm; pistil 5.4–6.7 mm long; styles 3, connate, stigmas 3, bifurcate. Capsules spherical, 21–21.3 × 24.7–25.5 mm, conspicuously trilocular, with (1–2–)3 oblong-elliptic seeds. Seeds beige, often with dark and linear marks, 1.1–1.3 × 1–1.16 cm, caruncle triangular.</p>
            <p> Distribution and ecology:—The species is distributed in central Veracruz, at the Apazapan ejido, where it has only been collected in the Poza Larga canyon, which crosses the hills of Las Carabinas. It is a microendemic species, it could not be found outside the mentioned area despite intensive and careful exploration. It often occurs in sites close to intermittent water and places protected by north-south oriented walls on rocky volcanic soils. It grows in tropical deciduous forest, forming part of the tree canopy with  Ficus cotinifolia Kunth (in Humboldt &amp; Bonpland 1817: 49),  Luehea candida (Mociño &amp; Sessé ex de Candolle 1824: 517) Martius (in Martius &amp; Zuccarini 1826: 102),  Margaritaria nobillis Linnaeus (1782: 428) ,  Acacia cornigera Willdenow (1806: 1080) ,  Plumeria rubra Linnaeus (1753: 209) ,  Beaucaernea recurvata Lemaire (1861: 59) ,  Croton niveus Jacquin (1760: 32) , and  Bauhinia divaricata Linnaeus (1753: 374) , among others. </p>
            <p>Phenology:—It remains without leaves during the cold winter months (with temperatures oscillating between 14 and 16º C) and recovers its foliage during the first warm months. It begins flowering during the months of April or May; fruiting starts in mid-July, although it is most frequent from August to late October.</p>
            <p>Etymology:—The species name honors Dr. Miguel Cházaro-Basáñez, professor at the Facultad de Biología of the Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa. He has been exploring and collecting botanical specimens for more than 40 years throughout the states of Veracruz and Jalisco. His work has allowed him to publish numerous articles on the vegetation and flora of both areas.</p>
            <p> Local names and uses:—“Piñon” and “piñon de monte” are the common names. It has been documented that the seeds are used to make a type of stew called “pipián” in central Veracruz. The seeds of a non-toxic variety of  Jatropha curcas are also traditionally used for the same purpose in the Totonacapan region located in the northern part of Veracruz (Sánchez-Sánchez et al. 2020). It is usually cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its very showy flowers, inflorescences and lobed leaves. </p>
            <p>Conservation status:—There is only one known population of this new species with of 45 individuals located in the Poza Larga canyon (in the ejido of Apazapan, Veracruz). Therefore, it should be considered as a microendemic species and be included as a category EN species at the IUCN List of Threatened Species (Endangered) (IUCN 2022).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— MEXICO. Veracruz: Municipality of Apazapan, Ejido Las Carabinas, cañada de la Poza Larga, 600 m, 8 August 2015 (immat. fr.), L. Rosales-Lara 425 (CIB, FCME, MEXU, XAL); 1 May 2016 (fl.), L. Rosales-Lara 580 (CIB, FCME, MEXU, XAL), 1 May 2016 (fl.), L. Rosales-Lara 596 (CIB, FCME, XAL).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24883409E4C3950D8CEBCA217418989	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sánchez-Sánchez, Odilón;Jiménez-Ramírez, Jaime;Arzaba-Villalva, Carlos;Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio;Rosales-Lara, Luis Ángel	Sánchez-Sánchez, Odilón, Jiménez-Ramírez, Jaime, Arzaba-Villalva, Carlos, Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Rosales-Lara, Luis Ángel (2023): Jatropha chazaroi (Euphorbiaceae), an endangered new species from Apazapan, Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 594 (2): 130-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.4
D24883409E493950D8CEBE8813998CD0.text	D24883409E493950D8CEBE8813998CD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jatropha Linnaeus 1753	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to distinguish  Jatropha chazaroi within the subsection Multifidae , modified from Dehgan (2012) </p>
            <p> 1. Plants herbaceous; caudex subterranean ...................................................................  J. cathartica Terán &amp; Berlandier (1832: 9–11) . </p>
            <p>- Plants woody; caudex absent or aerial................................................................................................................................................2</p>
            <p> 2. Leaves with 9–11 lobes, margin incised; stipules 6–15(–25) mm long; capsules 3–5 cm in diameter; seeds without caruncle ......... ......................................................................................................................................................  J. multifida Linnaeus (1753: 1006)</p>
            <p>- Leaves with 3–5(–7) lobes, margin entire; stipules 4 mm long or less; capsules 2.55 cm in diameter or less; seeds with caruncle.</p>
            <p> 3. Trees or shrubs up to 5 m tall, without a caudex; stipules deciduous, non-spinescent; leaf blade 25–36 × 30–35 cm; petiole 25–39 cm long; inflorescence 4–14.4 cm long; calyx and corolla connate; capsule spherical, conspicuously trilobed; seeds oblong-elliptic, 1–1.3 cm long .....................................................................................................................................................................  J. chazaroi</p>
            <p> - Shrubs 1–2 m tall, with a conspicuous aerial caudex; stipules persistent, spinescent; leaf blade 14–22.5(–32) × 8.5–19(–23.5) cm; petiole 16–28 cm long; peduncle (6–) 12.5–36 cm long; calyx and corolla not connate; capsule cylindrical, slightly trilobed at maturity; seeds ovoid, 0.55–0.6 cm long.........................................................................................................................  J. podagrica</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24883409E493950D8CEBE8813998CD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sánchez-Sánchez, Odilón;Jiménez-Ramírez, Jaime;Arzaba-Villalva, Carlos;Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio;Rosales-Lara, Luis Ángel	Sánchez-Sánchez, Odilón, Jiménez-Ramírez, Jaime, Arzaba-Villalva, Carlos, Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Rosales-Lara, Luis Ángel (2023): Jatropha chazaroi (Euphorbiaceae), an endangered new species from Apazapan, Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 594 (2): 130-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.4
