taxonID	type	description	language	source
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	description	(Figs 26 – 29, 32 – 47)	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE: Ƌ, labelled: “ C. MADEIRA: Rabaçal env., 950 m, 5.9.2003, J. Rohá č ek leg. ”, “ sifting leaves in laurel forest ”, “ Holotypus Ƌ Pullimosina (Pullimosina) kesoni sp. n., J. Rohá č ek det. 2018 ” (red label), “ Mus. Silesiae Opava, Inv. č. d 097 4 - 2003 ”. The specimen (see Fig. 26) is intact, dry mounted on triangular pinned card (SMOC). PARATYPES: PORTUGAL: C. MADEIRA: same data as for holotype, 23 ♁♁ 20 ♀♀ (SMOC, 2 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀ in NMPC); Ribeiro Frio, 900 m, sifting leaves in laurel forest, 12. ix. 2003, 1 ♁ 1 ♀, J. Rohá č ek leg. (SMOC). N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal I, 32 ° 47 ′ 37 ʺ N, 17 ° 06 ′ 41 ʺ W, 570 m, 13. – 20. iii. 1997, pitfall traps A 9, ♁, B 11, 2 ♁♁, B 12, ♁ ♀, all Dília Menezes leg.; 18. ii. – 10. iii. 1997, pitfall trap B 1, 1 ♁ 4 ♀♀, no collector; Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32 ° 48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17 ° 06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, 13. – 20. iii. 1997, pitfall traps D 10, ♁, E 1, ♁, F 10, 2 ♀♀, Dília Menezes leg. (all UMa). Some of above paratypes with genit. prep. Note. The type locality (the same as for S. polymorpha described above) lies close to the forest house Rabaçal, about 32 ° 45 ʹ 43 ʺ N, 17 ° 08 ʹ 01 ʺ W (Fig. 31, for habitat see Fig. 30).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	description	Description. Male (Fig. 26). Total body length 1.62 – 1.95 mm; general colour brown to dark brown with greyish brown microtomentum, subshining dorsally (thorax, abdomen), duller laterally (thoracic pleuron) and ventrally (abdomen). Head (Fig. 28) somewhat higher than long (ca. 5: 4), brown to blackish brown except for distinctly paler (ochreous to yellow) face. Frons dark brown, relatively sparsely microtomentose, partly shining; occiput blackish brown with similar microtomentum. Orbits, interfrontalia and ocellar triangle distinctly grey microtomentose; orbit separated from interfrontalia by blackish brown dull stripe (widened anteriorly); frontal triangle poorly delimited, long, reaching to anterior margin of frons and distinctly more shining than rest of frons. Cephalic chaetotaxy (Fig. 28): pvt absent, only minute divergent postocellar setulae laterally behind ocellar triangle; occe and occi subequal (or occi slightly longer) and about two-thirds to three-fourth length of vti; vti robust and longest of frontal bristles; vte and oc somewhat shorter than vti; 2 ors, posterior as long as vte (or oc) but much (twice) longer than anterior ors; 3 ifr, middle pair robust (sometimes almost as long as oc), 2 others fine, small, only about half length of the former, sometimes with 1 microseta in front of anterior ifr in addition; 2 – 3 very minute ads inside and below ors; g weak, hardly longer than anterior peristomal setula; vi robust, about as long as vti; peristomal setulae (7 – 8) about as long as those in (single) postocular row; postgenal setae (3) relatively strong and curved. Frontal lunule short and wide, ochreous to yellowish ochreous, sparsely greyish microtomentose, contrasting with dark brown frons but concolorous with face. Face ochreous to dark yellow, usually darker dorsomedially and laterally; facial cavities below antennae relatively shining; medial carina developed, most distinct dorsally, below frontal lunule. Gena brown, paler anteriorly (with vibrissal angle ochreous), dark brown posteriorly, all greyish brown microtomentose. Eye subcircular (16: 15), of moderate size, with longest diameter about 3.0 times as long as smallest genal height. Antenna brown to dark brown; 3 rd segment (1 st flagellomere) relatively short (not longer than scape + pedicel), suboval, with greyish white ciliation on apex distinctly longer than cilia on arista. Arista relatively long, about 4.1 times as long as antenna, shortly but densely ciliate. Thorax dark brown to brown (pleuron) and dark greyish brown microtomentose; mesonotum subshining, pleuron and scutellum with denser microtomentum and duller. Sutures between pleural sclerites pale brown to ochreous. Scutellum large and flat on disc, transversely (5: 3) rounded trapezoidal. Thoracic chaetotaxy: mesonotal macrosetae relatively short but robust; 1 hu and 2 microsetae on humeral callus; 3 postsutural dc but the most anterior small (but distinctly thicker and about 3 times as long as dc microsetae), two posterior dc robust but relatively short (the longer hindmost dc shorter than basal sc); 6 (rarely 7) rows of ac microsetae on suture; medial prescutellar ac pair prolonged, about as long as anterior dc; 2 long sc, laterobasal about as long as scutellum, apical (longest thoracic seta) 1.6 ‒ 1.7 times as long as laterobasal; 2 stpl but anterior reduced to small and fine setula. Legs brown to dark brown, only coxae, trochanters, knees and tarsi pale brown to ochreous; fore coxa lightest, yellowish ochreous. Mid leg chaetotaxy: f 2 with 2 rows of short but slightly thickened (antero- and postero-) ventral setae (6 – 8 setae in each row) in proximal two-thirds. t 2 (contrary to that all European congeners except for P. dorae sp. nov.) ventrally with a long row of small dense spines and distinct (although shorter than in female) ventroapical seta and 1 small anteroapical seta (see Fig. 44; dorsal chaetotaxy of t 2 as in Fig. 40: 1 anterodorsal seta in proximal fourth surmounted by 1 – 2 setulae, 1 anterodorsal seta in distal third (also surmounted by a shorter seta), 1 long dorsal seta in distal fifth and 1 shorter posterodorsal seta in distal fourth. f 3 somewhat thickened and shorter than in female. Ratio t 2: mt 2 = 1.83 – 1.91. Wing (Fig. 29) with distinctly brownish fumose membrane (darkest along veins) and brown to dark brown veins. C produced far beyond apex of R 4 + 5. R 2 + 3 very slightly sinuate but apically distinctly upcurved to C; R 4 + 5 basally almost straight, distally slightly upcurved to C but diverging from and ending distinctly farther from apex of wing than venal fold of M. Discal cell (dm) rather short, distally broad, with short to minute processes of M and CuA 1 beyond dm-cu (that of CuA 1 longer) which continue by colourless folds; both outer corners of dm cell obtuse-angled. A 1 reduced, short. Anal lobe large, well developed; alula relatively small and narrow. Wing measurements: length 1.54 – 1.71 mm, width 0.68 – 0.77 mm, C-index = 0.95 – 1.08, rm \ dm-cu: dm-cu = 1.25 – 1.60. Haltere pale brown to brown, with ochreous stem. Abdomen blackish brown dorsally, brown ventrally. Preabdominal terga broad and relatively shining because of sparse greyish microtomentum, T 2 – T 5 sparsely and relatively shortly setose, with longest setae in posterior corners. T 1 + 2 largest tergum (somewhat longer than T 3 and T 4 together), not desclerotized and / or depressed medially but paler brown on original T 1 (lightest medially) being delimited from original T 2 by a transverse wrinkle. T 3 ‒ T 5 becoming narrower posteriorly, T 5 smallest. Preabdominal sterna: S 1 + 2 small, reduced to inconspicuous, very pale (submembranous) and bare sclerite; S 3 and, particularly S 4 large, broad, brown and heavily sclerotized; S 3 transversely trapezoidal, narrower anteriorly and smaller than S 4, the latter the largest sternum, transversely suboblong and distinctly longer than (equally broad) S 5. S 3 and S 4 with shorter and finer setae than adjacent terga. S 5 (Fig. 33) transverse, slightly asymmetrical, with short posteromedial submembranous and finely haired lappet and two groups of longer and denser setae laterally in front of the latter, otherwise relatively sparsely setose. S 6 + 7 strongly asymmetrical, shifted on left side of postabdomen, S 8 less asymmetrical and situated dorsally. S 6 + 7 with anterior dark-pigmented ledge and with posteroventral dark projection bent inside postabdomen; both S 6 + 7 and S 8 with only a few small setae. Genitalia: Epandrium (Figs 35, 37) relatively short, of medium width but slightly asymmetrical in caudal view, more convex left dorsolaterally (Fig. 35), with 1 very long and robust dorsolateral seta, otherwise with sparse small setae, only some of them at margin of anal fissure longer. Anal fissure relatively large, broadly suboval. Cerci short, fused with epandrium and medially forming subanal (ventromedially acutely incised) plate but lines of fusion remain visible (Figs 35, 37); each cercus with 1 longer and several short setae. Medandrium somewhat X-shaped in caudal view, hence broad dorsally and most narrowed in the middle, fused with cerci posteromedially and ventrally connected with gonostyli (Fig. 35). Hypandrium roughly Y-shaped in dorsal view, with anteromedial rod-like apodeme, smaller paired lateral sclerites, and more medially with minute sclerites connecting hypandrium with postgonites (cf. Fig. 32). Gonostylus (Figs 35 – 37) of distinctive shape, long acutely projecting posteroventrally and with smaller acute process also in the middle of anterior margin; outer side with very long sinuous setae on most of surface, and, in contrast to all congeners, with 1 – 2 short robust and dark spines between both above projections (see Fig. 36). Aedeagal complex (Figs 32, 34). Phallapodeme longer and more robust than hypandrial apodeme, with well-developed dorsal keel. Aedeagus with compact, laterally flattened phallophore (Figs 32, 34) and relatively short distiphallus. Distiphallus basally formed by a distally tapered dorsal plate (Fig. 34) and a pair of lateral slender sclerites (Fig. 32); its larger and wider distal part composed of wing-like (ventrally connected) lateral sclerites, each of which carries dorsally a group of small dark spinulae (Fig. 34). Dorsomedial sclerotization between the latter sclerites complex, with distinct medial spike-like process (not visible in lateral view); postgonite relatively large (longer than distiphallus), broad proximally, strongly tapered distally but with apex not acute, with a minute preapical tooth anteriorly, 2 – 3 microsetae (both anteriorly and posteriorly) in distal fourth and with minute sclerite (= remnant of pregonite) with 2 setulae, inserted into anterodorsal emargination of postgonite (Fig. 32). Ejacapodeme reduced to very minute rod-like sclerite (see Fig. 32) attached to ejaculatory duct. Female (Fig. 27). Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise below. Total body length 1.74 – 2.05 mm. ifr often more robust, particularly the anterior and 1 microseta in front of the latter more distinct and almost regularly present. Legs sometimes with tibiae pale brown to ochreous. f 2 ventrally simply setulose, without two rows of thicker curved setae; t 2 ventrally with 1 short ventral seta near middle and 1 long (longer than in male) ventroapical seta (Fig. 41); dorsal chaetotaxy as in male but some setae (the long distal dorsal seta in particular) often longer (Fig. 40); also small anteroapical seta usually somewhat longer. mt 2 relatively longer, also f 3 longer and less thickened than in male. Ratio t 2: mt 2 = 1.64 – 1.76. Wing measurements: length 1.62 – 1.87 mm, width 0.73 – 0.84 mm, C-index = 0.98 – 1.14, rm \ dm-cu: dm-cu = 1.27 – 1.54. Preabdominal terga distinctly shorter, more transverse; T 1 + 2 shorter than T 3 and T 4 together; T 3 – T 5 becoming narrower posteriorly, similarly setose as in male. Preabdominal sterna S 3 – S 5 sparsely and shortly setose, subshining due to sparse microtomentum. S 1 + 2 very reduced, bare and submembranous as in male; S 3 – S 4 large, similarly formed but more transverse than in male; S 4 largest and widest sternum, about as long as S 3; S 5 unmodified, transversely suboblong, narrower and distinctly shorter than S 4; all these sclerites dark brown, heavily sclerotized. Postabdomen (Figs 38, 39, 45) relatively short and broad, with sparsely setose sclerites. T 6 transversely suboblong but narrower than S 6, with both anterior and posterior margins pale and setae in posterior half (Fig. 38); T 7 slightly shorter than T 6 and bent farther onto lateral side (see Fig. 45) and seemingly narrower in dorsal view, with pale posterior margin and only single row of setae in front of it. T 8 dorsomedially membranous, unpigmented, appearing to be divided into two lateral sclerites (Figs 38, 45), each with 1 long and a few small setae. T 10 transversely subrhomboidal, distinctly wider than long, largely pale-pigmented, finely micropubescent and with a pair of relatively short setae in the middle (Fig. 38). S 6 much wider, more transverse and more setulose than both T 6 and S 7, having all margins pale-pigmented (Figs 39, 45). S 7 simple, transversely suboblong, slightly wider than T 6, with setae only at posterior margin. S 8 (Figs 39, 46) only slightly larger than S 10, of suboval outline (in largest extension view, see Fig. 46), convex in the middle, posteriorly with a slightly projecting lobe provided with a pair of dark bent ledges, with only sparse setulae except for a pair of longer lateral setae. Additional sclerite between S 8 and S 10 (covered by S 8 in ventral view, Fig. 39) well developed and dark-pigmented, bare, bent, with slender, dark and posteriorly projecting lateral ledges (Fig. 46). S 10 about half-length of S 8, transversely pentagonal, pale pigmented, micropubescent and setulose in posterior half, medially with a pair of longer setae (Fig. 46). Spectacles-shaped sclerite (= sclerotization of female genital chamber) oriented vertically (see in situ, Fig. 45), elongate, with relatively small rings (Figs 42, 43). Spermathecae 2 + 1 (Fig. 47) blackish brown, each of relatively robust tyre-shaped form, with very finely densely ringed surface, deep subconical terminal invagination (with distinct spinule inside), terminal parts of ducts well-sclerotized, somewhat conically dilated towards insertion and provided with small dark tubercles. Cerci (Figs 38, 45) slender, tapered towards terminal seta, micropubescent, each with 4 setae, the dorsopreapical and apical long and sinuate, the latter longer than length of cercus.	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	discussion	Comments. Pullimosina kesoni sp. nov. and its closest relative P. dorae sp. nov. are among the largest species of the genus. Both distinctly belong to the subgenus Pullimosina (s. str.) antennata group as delimited by MARSHALL (1986) because of possessing cruciate middle ifr setae, densely and long setose gonostylus, distiphallus with spinose or toothed distal sclerites and a well-developed additional sclerite between female S 8 and S 10. Because of its yellow to ochreous face P. kesoni habitually most resembles P. dorae sp. nov. (Madeira, described below), P. pullula (Zetterstedt, 1847) (Holarctic), P. meijerei (Duda, 1918) (European), P. geminata Marshall, 1986 and P. vockerothi Marshall, 1986 (both Nearctic), but except for the first and perhaps the latter none of the remaining species seem to be its close relative. Based on structures of the male and female terminalia P. dorae is obviously the nearest ally of P. kesoni. Surprisingly also the Mexican P. mcalpinei Marshall, 1986 could be more related to P. kesoni, resembling the latter in the shape of gonostylus, postgonite and apex of distiphallus (MARSHALL 1986: figs 69, 70) and in larger size of body while the formation of female postabdominal sclerites is very dissimilar in these two species. Pullimosina kesoni seems to be unique among Pullimosina species in having a gonostylus ventrally armed by 1 – 2 robust spines (see Fig. 36) in addition to posterior and anterior acutely projecting corners. Note: a short thick spine-like seta (albeit much smaller) is also illustrated on the gonostylus of P. meta Su, 2011 on apex of anterior gonostylar projection (see SU 2011: figs 51 e, f) but this was corrected subsequently by SU et al. (2013, fig. 4 f) to be only a pointed apex of this projection. The male pregenital sternum (S 5) of P. kesoni resembles most that of P. dorae but differs in having a posteromedial membranous lappet and less dense clumps of setae near the latter (Fig. 33). Although having a very similarly constructed distiphallus, these two species have a quite dissimilar postgonite (distally tapered and slender in P. kesoni while dilated and robust terminally in P. dorae). Further distinct differences can be seen in the female postabdomen: T 8 is dorsomediallly short and broadly desclerotized in P. kesoni (Fig. 38) while continuous and robust in P. dorae (Fig. 58), S 8 is posteromedially abruptly narrowed and with a pair of dark strips in P. kesoni (Fig. 46) but rounded and anteromedially with a ventrally protruding bulge in P. dorae (Fig. 62), additional sclerite short (transverse) and with marginal dark ledges laterally in P. kesoni (Fig. 46) while longer and with 2 lobes posterolaterally in P. dorae (Fig. 61), also the spectacles-shaped sclerite (although with similarly elongate and vertically positioned medial sclerite) is distinctly different in having small, closely situated rings in P. kesoni (Fig. 43) and larger more separate rings in P. dorae (Fig. 64) and the spermathecae are rather tyre-shaped in in P. kesoni (Fig. 47) while more vesicular in P. dorae (Figs 59, 60).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to my friend from school-days, Ing. Antonín Nosek (Jihlava, Czech Republic), using his nickname from grammar-school “ Keson ” (= anagram of Nosek).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All studied specimens were collected in montane laurel forests (Figs 6, 31), either sifted from rotting leaves and detritus (microhabitat on Figs 7, 30) or captured into pitfall traps installed in the same habitat. Observation of living specimens showed that they practically do not fly, only run or skip among forest litter. Consequently, P. kesoni seems to be a terricolous species living on the ground under the layer of decayed leaves of laurel trees. Adults were recorded in February, March and September	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A04107A5DFAD5B669FBAFCDD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madeira, mainly recorded from localities with a well preserved Laurisilva ecosystem, more rarely (Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II) in that partly degradated with some introduced exotic plants (all occurrence sites mapped in Fig. 69).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	description	(Figs 48, 52 – 68)	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE: Ƌ, labelled: “ N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32 ° 48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17 ° 06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, Ysabel M. Gonçalves & Fernando Nunes leg. ” (printed), “ 15 - 12 / 12 / 97, E 7 Pit ” (handwritten), “ Holotypus Ƌ Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae sp. n., J. Rohá č ek det. 2018 ” (red label). The specimen is intact, dried from ethanol and mounted on triangular pinned card (SMOC). PARATYPES: PORTUGAL: N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal I, 32 ° 47 ′ 37 ʺ N, 17 ° 06 ′ 41 ʺ W, 570 m, 18. ii. – 10. iii., pitfall trap B 1, ♁, no collector; 18. ii. – 10. iii., pitfall trap A 3, ♁, 13. – 20. iii., pitfall traps B 9, ♁ 2 ♀♀, 7. – 14. iv., pitfall trap C 4, ♀, 14. – 18. iv., pitfall trap C 9, 2 ♁♁, 5. – 12. v., pitfall trap A 5, ♀, 30. vi. – 7. vii., pitfall trap B 5, ♁, 28. vii. – 4 - viii. 1997, pitfall traps A 4, ♀, B 12, ♁, all Dília Menezes leg.; Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32 ° 48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17 ° 06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, 12. – 19. ii., pitfall trap D 9, ♀, 19. ii. – 10. iii. pitfall traps D 1, 3 ♁♁, D 2, ♁ ♀, D 3, 2 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀, E 1, ♁, E 2, 2 ♁♁ ♀, 13. – 20. iii., D 6, 2 ♁♁ ♀, D 9, ♁ 2 ♀♀, D 10, 3 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, D 11, 2 ♁♁, E 6, 1 ♁ 2 ♀♀, E 7, 2 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀, E 10, 2 ♀♀, 7. – 14. iv., pitfall traps D 3, ♀, D 4, ♀, D 5, ♁, D 7, ♁, D 10, ♀, E 4, ♀, E 6, ♁, E 8, ♁, 2. – 9. vi., pitfall traps D 5, ♀, D 6, ♀, D 8, ♀, D 11, ♀, E 6, 2 ♀♀, 28. vii. – 4. viii., pitfall traps D 7, ♀, E 3, ♀, E 7, 2 ♀♀, F 1, ♁, 25. viii. – 1. ix. 1997, pitfall traps D 3, ♀, D 6, ♁ ♀, D 12, ♀, E 1, ♁, E 4, ♁, all Dília Menezes leg.; 22. – 29. ix. 1997, pitfall traps D 6, ♀, D 7, ♁, D 9, ♀, Ysabel M. Gonçalves leg.; 21. – 28. x., pitfall trap D 8, ♀, 17. – 24. xi. 1997, pitfall traps D 5, ♀, D 12, 2 ♀♀, E 7, ♀, F 12, ♀, all Dília Menezes & Ysabel M. Gonçalves leg.; 19. – 26. i. 1998, pitfall trap E 4, ♁, Dília Menezes, Ysabel M. Gonçalves & Fernando Nunes leg. (UMa, 10 ♁♁ 10 ♀♀ in SMOC, 2 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀ in NMPC; most specimens preserved in ethanol, some dried and mounted on pinned trinagular cards, some with genit. prep.). S. MADEIRA: Funchal-Monte, Ribeira de João Goméz, 450 m, under stones in mixed forest, 7. ix. 2003, J. Rohá č ek leg. (SMOC, genit. prep.). Additional non-type specimens (damaged specimens): N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32 ° 48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17 ° 06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, 13. – 20. iii., pitfall traps E 7, 4 ♀♀, E 10, ♁, 7. – 14. iv. 1997, pitfall trap E 2, ♀, all all Dília Menezes leg. (UMa).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total body length 1.38 – 1.95 mm; general colour and microtomentum as in P. kesoni including duller lateral and ventral portions of body. Head distinctly higher than long (about 3: 2) but generally coloured as in P. kesoni, brown to blackish brown except for distinctly paler (ochreous) face. Frons brown to blackish brown, largely shining; occiput blackish brown with dark grey microtomentum. Orbits, interfrontalia and ocellar triangle distinctly silvery grey microtomentose; dull blackish brown stripe between interfrontalia and orbit distinct; frontal triangle broad and long, reaching to anterior margin of frons, shining (more than that of P. kesoni) and distinctly paler (brown) than rest of frons. Cephalic chaetotaxy closely resembling that of P. kesoni but differing as follows: vte sometimes as long as vti; ifr more variable, in 3 – 4 pairs, often with 2 middle pairs robust and medially meeting or crossed, i. e. anterior microseta larger to form 4 th ifr seta; g longer than in P. kesoni and also the smaller seta behind it as long as or longer than anterior peristomal setula. Frontal lunule darker than that of P. kesoni, dark ochreous to pale brown, not very contrasting with colour of anterior part of frons. Face normally also darker than in P. kesoni, ochreous to pale brown (darkest dorsomedially). Gena relatively deep, brown anteriorly (distinctly darker than adjacent part of face), dark brown posteriorly. Eye not circular (18: 15) or oval because broader dorsally and narrower ventrally, relatively smaller than in P. kesoni, with longest diameter about 4.0 times as long as smallest genal height. Antenna brown; 3 rd segment (1 st flagellomere) as short as that of P. kesoni with ciliation on apex slightly longer than longest cilia of arista. Arista 4.0 – 4.2 times as long as antenna, relatively shortly ciliate. Thorax with same colouration and microtomentum as that of P. kesoni. Scutellum large, flat, transversely (3: 2) rounded trapezoidal. Thoracic chaetotaxy closely resembling that of P. kesoni but foremost dc yet shorter (only twice or less as long as dc microsetae), 6 – 8 rows of ac microsetae on suture, medial prescutellar ac pair shorter than in P. kesoni (hardly longer than foremost dc), laterobasal sc slightly longer than scutellum, apical sc about 1.5 times as long as laterobasal; 2 stpl but anterior reduced to microseta (sometimes poorly visible). Legs brown to orange brown, femora darkest, coxae, trochanters, knees and tarsi palest (ochreous); fore coxa dirty yellow. Femora relatively robust, particularly hind femora distinctly thickened (more robust than those of P. kesoni). Mid leg chaetotaxy: f 2 with 2 rows of short ventral setae less distinct than in P. kesoni. t 2 ventrally with a row (shorter than in P. kesoni) of small dense spines and short (much shorter than in female and also than in male P. kesoni) ventroapical seta and 1 small anteroapical seta (Fig. 68); dorsal chaetotaxy of t 2 as in P. kesoni but short setae above anterodorsal seta in proximal fourth reduced or absent (Fig. 66). t 2: mt 2 = 1.73 – 1.87. Wing (Fig. 48) with venation and colouration of membrane very similar to those of P. kesoni and only slightly differing as follows: R 2 + 3 more straight and only apically upcurved to C; cell dm short as that of P. kesoni but usually with longer venal processes of M and CuA 1 beyond dm-cu. Wing measurements: length 1.25 – 1.63 mm, width 0.49 – 0.72 mm, C-index = 0.96 – 1.09, rm \ dm-cu: dm-cu = 1.27 – 1.67. Haltere with brown knob and contrastingly pale ochreous stem. Abdomen coloured, microtomentose and setose similarly to that of P. kesoni. Preabdominal terga T 2 – T 5 somewhat longer than those of P. kesoni and T 1 + 2 not longer than T 3 and T 4 together. T 3 as wide as T 1 + 2 posteriorly, T 3 – T 5 subequal in length but becoming distinctly narrower posteriorly. S 1 + 2 reduced and submembranous and also S 3 and S 4 resembling those of P. kesoni but S 3 narrower and S 4 only as long as and usually somewhat narrower than S 5. Pregenital sternum S 5 (Fig. 53) resembling in shape and chaetotaxy that of P. kesoni but somewhat longer, with medial concavity being posteromedially emarginate (lacking submembranous lappet), and two groups (better tufts) of longer setae laterally in front of the latter very dense, well visible also in lateral view even of dry mounted specimens; also other setae on lateral parts of S 5 more numerous than in P. kesoni. S 6 + 7 and S 8 generally formed and positioned as in P. kesoni but S 6 + 7 reaching farther dorsally where (on right side of postabdomen) somewhat widened and S 8 longer than S 6 + 7. Genitalia: Epandrium (Figs 52, 55) most similar to that of P. kesoni (including presence of 1 very long dorsolateral seta) but slightly longer and with more numerous setae. Anal fissure somewhat narrower and parallel-sided (Fig. 52). Cerci medially only narrowly fused (subanal plate ventromedially more incised) and in contrast to those of P. kesoni with more distinct micropubescence (see Fig. 55). Medandrium wider ventrally than dorsally, hence of more usual shape (Fig. 55). Hypandrium roughly Y-shaped in dorsal view as in relatives, with anteromedial rod-like apodeme longer compared to phallapodeme (cf. Fig. 52) than in P. kesoni. Gonostylus (Figs 52, 54, 55) markedly differing from that of P. kesoni although with similar dense, long, sinuous setae on outer side. It is characterized by an anterodorsal acute corner and a robust ventral thumb-shaped projection having a series of short setae on anterior margin; the latter projection with distinctly dilated and rounded apex in posterior view (Fig. 55). Aedeagal complex (Figs 56, 57). Phallapodeme similarly formed as in P. kesoni including the well-developed dorsal keel. Aedeagus with compact but more elongate and posteriorly projecting phallophore (see Fig. 56). Distiphallus generally constructed as that of P. kesoni but the flat dorsal basal sclerite short, the main large (lateroventral) paired sclerite distinctly longer (Fig. 56) and having groups of small dark tubercle-like spinulae situated more apically (Fig. 57) and dorsomedial spike-like process (visible also in lateral view) more robust (Fig. 57). Postgonite very dissimilar to that of P. kesoni, elongate (as long as phallapodeme), somewhat sinuous in profile (Fig. 56), narrowest in proximal third, dilated both proximally and distally, with large blunt tooth on apex and microsetae reduced, poorly visible. Remnant of pregonite minute and with 2 setulae as in P. kesoni. Ejacapodeme minute, resembling that of P. kesoni (cf. Fig. 32). Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise below. Total body length 1.58 – 2.46 mm (gravid females largest). Femora more slender, f 3 less thickened (but more robust than in female P. kesoni); f 2 ventrally without rows of thicker curved setae; t 2 chaetotaxy resembling that of P. kesoni, thus ventrally with 1 short ventral seta near middle and 1 long (longer than in male) ventroapical seta (Fig. 67), anteroapical seta also distinctly longer than in male; dorsal chaetotaxy as in male but long distal dorsal seta longer (Fig. 66). t 2: mt 2 = 1.67 – 1.82. Wing measurements: length 1.11 – 1.81 mm, width 0.43 – 0.72 mm, C-index = 0.95 – 1.16, rm \ dm-cu: dm-cu = 1.43 – 1.69. Preabdominal terga distinctly shorter, more transverse (T 3 in particular); T 1 + 2 distinctly shorter than T 3 and T 4 together; T 3 – T 5 subequal in length but becoming narrower posteriorly. Preabdominal sterna similarly setose and micropubescent to those of P. kesoni. S 1 + 2 reduced, bare and submembranous as in male; S 3 – S 5 subequal in length; S 3 – S 4 large but distinctly (S 3) or slightly (S 4) narrower than associated terga, all more transverse than in male; S 3 more transversely trapezoidal and with corners more rounded than in male; S 4 largest and widest (most transverse) sternum; S 5 simple, transversely suboblong, narrower but not shorter than S 4. Postabdomen (Figs 58, 62, 63) somewhat longer and more elongate than that of P. kesoni. T 6 transverse, posteriorly somewhat rounded, markedly narrower than S 6 and with setae in posterior half (Fig. 58); T 7 almost as long as T 6 and bent farther onto lateral side (see Fig. 63) and seemingly narrower in dorsal view, with pale posterior margin and only single row of setae (as in P. kesoni). T 8 larger than that of P. kesoni and more sclerotized dorsomedially, pale-pigmented broadly posteromedially and narrowly anteromedially (Fig. 58), with dark and large lateral parts (Fig. 63), each with 1 long and a number of small setae. T 10 transversely pentagonal, wider than long, all finely densely micropubescent and with a pair of widely spaced setae (Fig. 58). S 6 much wider, more transverse and more setulose than both T 6 and S 7 and that of P. kesoni (Figs 62, 63). S 7 simple, darker than S 6, transversely suboblong, slightly wider than T 6, with setae only at posterior pale-pigmented margin. S 8 (Figs 62, 63) distinctive, much longer than S 7, anteromedially distinctly bulging, posteriorly tapering, finely setose on bulge and at posterior margin but a pair of longer more lateral setae also present. Additional sclerite between S 8 and S 10 (Fig. 62) large, bare but longer than that of P. kesoni, differing from the latter by distinct posterolateral lobes (Fig. 61). S 10 less than half length of S 8, transversely pentagonal but longer than that of P. kesoni, with distinctive micropubescence, setulose in posterior half, submedially with a pair of longer setae (Fig. 62). Spectacles-shaped sclerite oriented vertically as that of P. kesoni, elongate, but basally expanded anteriorly and hammer-like in lateral view (Fig. 65) and distally with much larger, almost circular rings (Fig. 64). Spermathecae 2 + 1 (Figs 59, 60) blackish brown, each less tyre-shaped and more vesicular and differing from those of P. kesoni also by almost smooth surface, smaller and distally narrower terminal invagination (with only 1 – 3 spinulae inside), terminal parts of ducts less sclerotized, but with distinct, separate, dark and heavily sclerotized, conical, tuberculate terminal part. Cerci (Figs 58, 63) similar to those of P. kesoni but longer and each with 5 setae, the dorsopreapical and apical long and sinuate, the latter slightly longer than length of cercus.	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	discussion	Comments. Pullimosina dorae sp. nov. seems to be the closest relative of P. kesoni sp. nov. (described above). The external morphological and colour differences of these two species are rather subtle (all enumerated in the above description of P. dorae) and usually do not enable them to be separated safely. It is therefore recommended to examine male and / or female postabdominal structures of P. dorae, the most characteristic of which are the shape and setosity of male S 5 (Fig. 53), gonostylus (Fig. 54), postgonite (Fig. 56), female T 8 (Fig. 58), S 8 (Figs 62, 63), additional sclerite (Fig. 61) and spermathecae (Fig. 60). The differences in these structures are discussed in more detail above under P. kesoni.	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This new species is named in honour of Dr. Dora Aguiar-Pombo (Universidade de Madeira, Funchal, Madeira), who kindly provided logistic support during my collecting trip to Madeira in 2003 and enabled me to study material of Sphaeroceridae collected by the staff of the Dept. of Biology of the University in laurel forests at Chão da Ribeira.	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Like P. kesoni, this species seems to be terricolous in the laurel forest leaf litter stratum. Almost all specimens were caught by means of pitfall traps operated in this forest ecosystem (Figs 49, 50), but, interestingly, the majority of them in the somewhat disturbed laurisilva area (Chão da Ribeira II) which also includes introduced tree species such as Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, etc. In 2003 I collected only a single female in Funchal-Monte, under a stone in a brook valley (see type material) but this locality, although now secondarily forested, also lies within the original distribution of the Laurisilva ecosystem in Madeira (Fig. 69). Pullimosina dorae seems to have survived there after the extirpation of the original forest. These facts indicate that this species could be more habitat-tolerant than is P. kesoni and can live also in more or less affected laurel forests. In the valley of Ribeira do Seixal it proved to be most common of the three species discussed here, probably occurring throughout the whole year (recorded in January – November).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
D333878A041C7A59F9BEB6BCFC36CA93.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madeira (all known localities mapped in Fig. 69).	en	Roháček, Jindřich (2019): First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 107-124, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0009
