taxonID	type	description	language	source
CC4B87983249FF81FF1CFF81FC24E0C8.taxon	description	In an attempt to refine Pasteel’s (1969 a) definition, the genus is understood here as a group of species with the following characters: clypeus flat or only very shallowly convex, scutum with a yellow band or stripe next to the middle, resulting together with an anterolateral yellow band in a reverse U-shaped pattern, T 3 – T 6 laterally bulged or toothed in the male (mostly also in the female), T 7 of the male semicircular or semicircular with a small truncation or emargination at apex and T 6 of the female depressed with two dark spots.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798324DFF8AFF1CFE95FF03E0D9.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2 A, 5, 6 A, 6 E, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 9 D, 10)	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798324DFF8AFF1CFE95FF03E0D9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. IRAN: Razavi Khorasan prov.: Surabad [labelled as Surabad, Turkmenistan, but see Baker (1998) for the location of the collecting site; 35 ° 43 ’ N, 61 ° 05 ’ E], ” TYPUS ” / “ Anthidium (Gulanthidium) anguliventre J. Pasteels det. 1964 ” [see also Friese 1898] (ZMB 143). — OMAN: Felidj Ma’ald [location not identified], 2 ♀, 4 ♂, iv. 1943, D. V. Fitzgerald leg. (NHMUK) (Pasteels 1969 b, as A. arabicum) (photograph examined, Fig. 4, https: // data. nhm. ac. uk). — PAKISTAN: Quetta [30 ° 15 ’ N, 66 ° 59 ’ E], 6. iv., col. C. G. Nurse collection (Pasteels, type of A. intermedium) (photograph examined, Fig. 4, https: // data. nhm. ac. uk). Apparently identical with the record mentioned by Dover (1925). Additional material examined. IRAN: Hormozgan prov.: Bandar Abbas, Pass E Rudan, N Minab, 5 ♀, 8 ♂, 23. v. 1878, K. Warncke leg. (OLL; Warncke 1982). — Bandar-e-Bušehr, 1 ♂, 11. v. 1999, K. Deneš leg. (OLL). — Ker- man prov.: Raziabad, 1160 m (28 ° 52 ’ N, 57 ° 42 ’ E), 2 ♂, 04. vi. 2010, Mi. Halada leg. (ms 998 - 999, CMK). — Fars prov.: 45 km E Sarvestan (29 ° 12 ’ N, 53 ° 20 ’ E), 1730 m, 1 ♂, 24. v. 2014, J. Halada leg. (ms 3817, CMK). — Fars prov.: 10 km E Kazerun (29 ° 34 ’ N, 51 ° 46 ’ E), 1990 m, 1 ♂, 23. v. 2014, J. Halada leg. (ms 3818, CMK). — Fars prov.: Daria Namak, 27 km E Shiraz [29 ° 33 ’ N, 52 ° 56 ’ E], 1 ♂, Soika & Mavromoustakis leg. (OLL, see also Warncke, 1982). — Khuzestan prov.: Haft Tappeh [32 ° 04 ’ N, 48 ° 24 ’ E], 1 ♀, 30. vi. - 01. vii. 1975, Soika & Mavromoustakis leg. (OLL, see also Warncke, 1982). — Tehran prov.: Zanak-Ski, 11 km N Ab Ali [c. 35 ° 47 ’ N, 51 ° 58 ’ E], 1 ♀, 14. vii. 1965, Soika & Mavromoustakis leg. (OLL, see also Warncke, 1982). – ISRAEL: 8 km SSW Bet Shean (32 ° 25 ’ N, 35 ° 26 ’ E), 1 ♀, 17. v. 1996, O. Niehuis leg. (ms 1333, CMK). — Jerusalem: Mt. Scopus, 1 ♀, 17. vi. 1946 (OLL). — ISRAEL / PALESTINE: Jerusalem, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 19. v. 1991, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). — JORDAN: S of Jarash, E of Al Mastaba, 2 ♀, 19. v. 2010, M. Snižek leg. (ms 689, ms 1429, CMK). — KAZAKHSTAN: Mikhaylovka (Djambul), 1 ♂, 16. – 17. vii. 1991, S. Becvar leg. (2698, CMK). — KYRGYZSTAN: Burgandi, 60 km W Jalabad, 3 ♀, 3 ♂, 14. vi. 1995, M. Mucka leg. (ms 1371 - 73, ms 1382 - 84, CMK). — Bishkek (Frunze): 15 km jiz. Cin-Arik, 5 ♀, 6 ♂, 08. vii. 1981, M. Ko- courek leg. (ms 2687, ms 2690 - 91, ms 2696, ms 2699, ms 262701 - 04, ms 3704, 4134, CMK). — Burgandi (60 km W Jalabad), 1 ♀, 7 ♂, 14. vi. 1995, J. Halada leg. (ms 4138 - 45, CMK). — Ferghana Mts. foothills, 2 km NE Suzak (40 ° 56 ’ N 72 ° 54 ’ E), 850 m, 4 ♀, 2 ♂, 25. vii. 1998, I. Makogonova & S. Zonstein leg. (OLL). — PALESTINE: Jericho, 1 ♂, 8. v. 1966 (OLL). — Wadi Qelt: Ein-el-Fawar, 1 ♂, 19. v. 1991 (OLL). — SYRIA: “ Syria ” (without exact location), 1 ♀, 8. vi. 1955, A. Mochi leg. (OLL). — Afrin (NW Aleppo), 1 ♀, 23. vi. 2000, M. Halada leg. (ms 1332, CMK). — 30 km W Damascus, 2 ♀, 19. vi. 2000, M. Halada leg. (ms 1338, ms 1340, CMK). — Kafr, Suwayda, 1 ♀, 21. vi. 2000, M. Halada leg. (ms 1339, CMK). — TAJIKISTAN: Rogun [Roghun], Surchob riv., Sigiry, 1 ♀, vii. 2000, V. Gurko leg. (ms 1341, CMK). — Dushanbe env., 25. vi. 1981, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, M. Kocourek leg. (ms 2689, ms 3708, CMK). – Wachš, S Dushanbe, 500 m, 2 ♀, 4 - 5. vi. 1990, J. Halada leg. (OLL). — Sarai Kamar [Panj], River Piandek, 1 ♂, 30. vi. 1936, V. Gussa- kovskij leg. (ms 3709, CMK). — Nurek / Dusanbe env., 1 ♂, 25. vi. 1976, J. Niedl leg. (ms 4133, CMK). — TURKEY: Adıyaman prov.: Gölbaşı, 2 ♀, 21. vi. 1985, M. Schwarz leg. (ms 2727 - 28, CMK). — Batman prov.: 30 km W Baykan, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 30. vi. 2000, M. Halada leg. (ms 843, ms 1336 CMK). — Hakkari prov.: Gözeldere (37 ° 32 ’ N, 43 ° 49 ’ E), 930 m, 1 ♂, 22. vi. 2010, Mi. Halada leg. (ms 844, CMK). — Hakkari prov.: 5 km W Uludere, 1100 m, 1 ♀, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). — Kahramanmaraş, 700 m, 1 ♂, 10. vi. 1984, K. Warncke leg. (ms 2697, CMK). — Kahramanmaraş prov.: Pazarcık, 1 ♀, 11. vi. 2008, Skorpik leg. (ms 944, CMK). — Malatya prov.: 15 km E Malatya, 1 ♀, 24. / 27. vi. 2000, M. Halada leg. (ms 1331, ms 1337, CMK). — Gaziantep prov.: 20 km E Gaziantep, 600 m, 1 ♀, 12. vi. 1979, C. Holzschuh & F. Ressl leg. (OLL). — Urfa, 3 ♀, 3 ♂, 14. – 17. vi. 1977, J. Heinrich leg. / PARATYPUS / Anthidium intermedium ssp. zanaka War. J. Heinrich det. 1977 (smf 241 - 246). — Urfa: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 14. – 17. vi. 1977, J., Heinrich leg. (OLL). — Urfa, 1 ♂, 30. v. 1970, J. Gusenleitner leg. (OLL). — Urfa prov.: 10 km N Ceylanpınar, 2 ♀, 3 ♂, 11. vi. 1984, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). — Urfa prov.: 20 km N Ceylanpınar, 500 m, 1 ♂, 18. vi. 1981, K. Warnckle leg. (OLL). — Urfa prov.: 20 km N, Ceylanpınar, 500 m, 1 ♀, 4 ♂, 18. vi. 1981, K. Warncke leg. (ms 2694 - 95, ms 2700, CMK). — Urfa prov.: 20 km SE Harran, 500 m, 2 ♀, 3 ♂, 19. vi. 1981, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). — UZBEKISTAN: Mts. Hobtun-Tau nr. Samarkand, 1 ♂, 31. vii. 1930, V. Gussakovskij leg. (ms 3710, CMK). — Taskent [Tashkent] 40 km vych. Circik [Chirchik] [the label gives Tajikistan], 2 ♀, 1 ♂, 04. vii. 1981, M. Kocourek leg. (ms 2688, ms 2692 - 93, CMK). Literature data. IRAN: SW Iran, 1 ♀ without data and locality (NHMUK) (Pasteels 1969 b, type of A. intermedium). — Fars prov.: Firouzabad, Dehroud [c. 28 ° 51 ’ N, 52 ° 34 ’ E], 2 ♀, 7. vi. 2012 (Falamarzi et al., 2017). — Fars prov.: Qir, Khoshab [28 ° 24 ’ N, 52 ° 59 ’ E], 1 ♀, 26. vi. 2012, (Falamarzi et al. 2017). — Fars prov.: Kazerun, Bidzard [29 ° 22 ’ N, 52 ° 40 ’ E], 721 m, 2 ♂, 4 and 7. vi. 2010 (Khodaparast & Monfared, 2012; Zakikhani et al., 2021). — Fars prov.: Noorabad, Basharjan [30 ° 06 ’ N, 51 ° 31 ’ E], 1400 m, 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2009 (Khodaparast & Monfared, 2012; Za- kikhani et al., 2021). — Fars prov.: Noorabad, 920 m, 2 ♂, 28 and 30. vi. 2009 (Zakikhani et al., 2021). — Fars prov.: Shiraz, Ghasre Ghomsheh [29 ° 46 ’ N, 52 ° 26 ’ E], 1750 m, 2 ♂, 21. vii. 2013 (Zakikhani et al., 2021; Kiani Bakiani et al., 2016). — Kohgiluyeh-va Boyer-Ahmad, Yasouj [30 ° 40 ’ N, 51 ° 35 ’ E], 1870 m, 2 ♂, 4. vi. 2010 (Zakikhani et al., 2021). — Yazd prov.: Mehriz, Damgahan [31 ° 33 ’ N, 54 ° 26 ’ E], 1 ♀, 14. vii. 2012 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov., Taft, Nir [31 ° 46 ’ N, 54 ° 12 ’ E], 9 ♀, 13 ♂, 21. vi. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov., Taft, Rahat abad, 12 ♀, 8 ♂, 14. vi. 2013 and 14. vii. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov., Taft, Saleh abad, 17 ♀, 15 ♂, 28. vi. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov., Taft, Tezerjan [31 ° 36 ’ N, 54 ° 11 ’ E], 1 ♀, 15. vi. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov., Dehno [31 ° 49 ’ N, 54 ° 25 ’ E], 3 ♀, 24. v. 2013 (Deh- ghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov., Najaf abad, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 17. v. 2013 and 15. VII. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Qazvin prov., Zereshk (36 ° 25 ’ N, 50 ° 06 ’ E), 1926 m), 1 ♀, 26. vii. 2011, A. Nadimi leg. (Nadimi et al., 2014). — West Azarbaijan prov.: Salmas [38 ° 12 ’ N, 44 ° 46 ’ E], 1 ♀, iv. 2011 (Samin 2016). — ISRAEL: Jerusalem (Mavroumoustakis, 1939 a) including Mount Scopus (Jerusalem): Mavromoustakis (1945, 1948). — PALESTINE: Wadi Kelt, Jericho and Jerusalem-Jericho road, 8 klm (Mavromoustakis 1939 a, 1945, 1948; see also Warncke, 1980). — Jerusalem: see also under Israel (Mavromoustakis 1939 a, 1945). — SAUDI ARABIA: Summan Plateau [NE of Riad, approx. 25 ° 00 ’ N, 47 ° 00 ’ E], 3 ♀, 1 ♂, 03. iv. 1945 (Pasteels 1969 b, as “ A. arabicum ”). — SYRIA: Friese (1898) mentioned a female and a male which he obtained from J. Vachal from Syria. — Mezzé [al-Mazzah near Damascus, c. 33 ° 30 ’ N, 36 ° 14 ’ E] (Mavromoustakis, 1956). — TAJIKISTAN: Kondara Valley (Mavromoustakis, 1939 b). — TURKEY: Urfa (see material examined). Statement by Warncke (1980) apparently based on the same material in SMF and OLL. — UGANDA: Listed by Munyuli et al. (2008). Record not regarded as reliable.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798324DFF8AFF1CFE95FF03E0D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female can be distinguished from the other species of the subgenus (see Table 1) by a flat clypeus with a wide impunctate or little punctate median area, a feature shared only with A. rotundum. While punctation on T 5 reaches the apical margin in A. anguliventre, A. rotundum has an impunctate, 1 – 2 puncture diameter wide marginal zone. The female of A. anguliventre has a rudimentary carina on the hind tibia (carina-like arrangement of punctures), which is absent in the other species. The male is characterised by a semicircular T 7 with a small, semicircular emargination at the apex. T 7 of the other species is either semicircular without emargination (A. rotundum) or only slightly flattened or emarginate at the apex. S 6 has a depression on each side of the middle and shares this feature with A. eremicum and A. occidentale; a median furrow as in A. preoccipitale and A. rotundum is absent. The penis valves of A. anguliventre are U-shaped and the apices acute, and are thereby different from all other species of the subgenus (details see under genital morphology).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798324DFF8AFF1CFE95FF03E0D9.taxon	description	Description. Female. 8 – 9 mm. Head: Clypeus (Fig. 7 A) ivory, anterior and posterior margin almost straight; apical margin light brown transparent; clypeus along a broad middle line with scattered punctations or impunctate; clypeus 1.27 – 1.37 as long as maximal width; mandible yellow with five black teeth, and often an additional very small tooth distal to the uppermost tooth; supraclypeal area ivory-yellow, with scattered punctation posteriorly; paraocular area ivory-yellow, with maculation tapering towards upper end of eye; vertex rounded to angular, moderately concave in dorsal view (Fig. 10 A); broad yellow preoccipital band, merged with entirely yellow gena; antenna reddish-brown, especially anterior segments; darker on dorsal side than on ventral side; scape yellow ventrally; upper face with depressed white hair. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with reverse double U-shaped yellow maculation with broad arms; pronotal lobe yellow with high lamella; outer margin of scutellum transparent, particularly laterally, where it is somewhat angular; scutellum with median emargination and overhanging propodeum; propodeal triangle rugulose, punctate posteriorly. — Metasoma: T 1 – T 5 black with yellow bands; discs coarsely punctate, depressions with fine punctation reaching apical margin; T 6 depressed in lateral view, with a dark round maculation on each side of the centre; T 1 – T 2 rounded laterally, T 3 – T 5 with conspicuous lateral teeth. — Legs: Hind tibia with remnants of a carina (linearly arranged punctation); hind basitarsus with strong carina. Note on colouration: Females are represented by two colour types: A “ black type ” with a black upper face extending from antennal sockets to top of eye, a black base of the scutellum, a black propodeal triangle, a black anterior, declivient part of T 1, and black depressions of the terga. In the “ reddish-brown type “, these parts of the integument are reddish-brown and the contours of the colour pattern are partly less sharp especially in the upper face. The deep black colour of the scutum is the same in both types. The colour pattern of the reddish-brown type is very similar to A. eremicum, and it was analysed as to whether these specimens may be attributed to that species: The morphological traits unambiguously attribute those reddish-brown females to A. anguliventre rather than to A. eremicum and this is further supported by morphometric parameters of the clypeus. In a Discriminant Function Analysis, those values cluster with A. anguliventre rather than with A. eremicum (Fig. 4). Male. 10 – 12 mm. Head: Clypeus pale yellow, flat with a straight anterior and posterior margin; longitudinal middle line impunctate; mandible pale yellow with three strong, dark brown teeth; supraclypeal and paraocular area pale yellow, maculation above the antennal socket tapering towards the top of eye; broad yellow preoccipital band and yellow gena; dark brown maculation on lower half of gena, not reaching eye; preoccipital ridge angular to rounded; face including clypeus with white pubescence, depressed around antennal sockets and ocelli. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with broad anterolateral yellow band and a thin yellow longitudinal stripe next to the middle; mesepisternum yellow, omaulus sharply angular in the upper half, slightly rounded in the lower half; pronotal lobe lamellate, yellow; scutellum widely rounded in dorsal view with a semi-transparent margin posterolaterally; medially depressed; axilla not protruding, with a thin semi-transparent margin; scutellum in lateral view with acute margin, overhanging propodeum. — Metasoma: Terga with black or dark brown depressions, semi-transparent especially in apical terga; discs pale yellow; T 3 – T 6 each with a lateral hooked tooth, increasing in size from T 3 to T 6; T 6 bulged in the middle between centre and lateral hook; T 7 semicircular with broad transparent margin (Fig. 8 A, 9 A); apex with small, semicircular emargination; S 6 semicircular with a dark basal depression on each side (Fig. 9 D); apex slightly emarginate. — Legs: Hind tibia with rudimentary carina on three quarters of outer face; strong carina on hind basitarsus, often covered by dense white pubescence. — Hidden sterna and genital morphology: See separate chapter.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798324DFF8AFF1CFE95FF03E0D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed from the Levant over the Arabian Peninsula to Central Asia and Pakistan (Fig. 11). Countries (countries with asterisk based on literature data): Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Oman *, Pakistan *, Palestine *, Saudi Arabia *, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798324DFF8AFF1CFE95FF03E0D9.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Müller (1996) regarded A. anguliventre as an oligolege of the Cardueae (Asteraceae). Mavromoustakis (1948, 1962) mentioned Chamaepeuce diacantha (Asteraceae), but also Ballota undulata and Teucrium divaricatum, both from the Lamiaceae. Collected in Iran from Centaurea bruguierana, C. virgata, Helichrysum leucocephulum, and Cirsium arvense, four members of the Asteraceae, and from Galium aparine (Rubiaceae) (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). Kiani Bakiani et al. (2016) mention as host plants in Iran Astragalus sp. (Fabaceae) and Carthamus lanatus (Asteraceae) and Falamarzi et al. (2017) Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae) and Vitex agnus-castus (Lamiaceae). The latter host plant also listed from Iran by Khodaparast & Monfared (2012). The species thus seems to be less strictly specialised on Cardueae as stated by Müller (1996). Taxonomic remarks. Confusion was caused by the fact that Friese (1898) described a female and a male of what he thought was A. anguliventre Morawitz, 1888 and even labelled them as paratypes. Mavromoustakis (1968) noted that Friese’s figure of the male does not match the type of A. anguliventre, and Warncke (1980) thought that Friese’s illustration shows A. rotundum, which he introduced as new to science without an extensive description, but just referring to Friese’s drawing (“ a description is superfluous ”). Examination of Friese’s material in ZMB now showed that the male is neither A. anguliventre nor A. rotundum, but belongs to a hitherto undescribed species, A. preoccipitale sp. nov., and that only Friese’s female belongs to A. anguliventre. The incorrect description given by Friese (1898) is the reason for some subsequent mis-identifications and literature data therefore need to be treated with caution. Pasteels (1969 b) examined for his A. intermedium material from Pakistan and Iran and assigned Quetta in Pakistan as the type locality. It was therefore not correct to re-assign SW Iran as the type locality (Warncke, 1980). Material in SMF includes three females and three males labelled as “ Anthidium intermediu m ssp. zanaka Paratype J. Heinrichs det. 1977 ”. This taxon has not been published and the material was identified here as A. anguliventre.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983243FF8DFF1CFD48FAB0E0CE.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2 B, 6 B, 6 F, 7 B, 8 B, 9 B, 9 E, 10)	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983243FF8DFF1CFD48FAB0E0CE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE (examined): Male, Palestine: Jericho, 06. v. 1931, S. G. Bodenheimer leg. / TYPUS / AEX- IV / 25 Anthidium eremicum M. det. J. D. Alfken 1936 / Zool. Mus. Berlin / http: // coll. mfn-berlin. de / u / e 536 ed (zmb 142). Additional material examined. JORDAN: 9 ♀, 16 ♂, Jordan valley, S. Shuna, 25. – 26. iv. 1996, Ma. & Mi. Hala- da leg. (CMK). 1 ex. S of Jarash, E of Al Mastaba, Snizek leg. (OLL). — PALESTINE: 1 ♂, M. Jericho, 06. v. 1966 (? writing blurred), Centaurea / A. eremicum det. Dr. Warncke (CMK). — 1 ♀, 2 ♂, Jericho, 8. v. 1966 (OLL). — TUR- KEY: Urfa prov.: 20 km N Ceylanpınar, 18. vi. 1981, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). Material not examined. PALESTINE: 3 km N Jericho, 2. v., 6. v. and 8. v. 1966 as A. aleppense (Mavromoustakis, 1968). — SYRIA: Salt Lake Es-Sabcha [Sabkhat al-Jabb u l] near Aleppo, 1. vi. 1952, type of A. aleppense (Mavromoustakis, 1954). See also under distribution.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983243FF8DFF1CFD48FAB0E0CE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female is distinguished from all other species of the subgenus by a rounded omaulus (upper part angulate to lamellate in the other species) and laterally rounded to bulged T 2 – T 5 (at least T 3 – T 5 with lateral blunt or acute tooth in the other species). See Table 1 for further traits. The male is characterised by the combination of a convex, shining S 6 with lateral depressions (feature shared with A. occidentale, but median longitudinal furrow in A. rotundum and A. preoccipitale), a semicircular T 6 with a slightly truncate apical margin (feature shared with A. occidentale; not truncate in A. rotundum; conspicuously emarginate in A. anguliventre) and reddish-brown terga with yellow bands (shared with A. occidentale; black with yellow bands in A. rotundum and A. preoccipitale, and in most A. anguliventre). Anthidium eremicum is thus very similar to A. occidentale, from which it differs by the elongate, almost crescent-shaped apex of the penis valve (in dorsolateral view), as compared to the triangular-shaped apex in A. occidentale. Clypeus in A. eremicum and A. occidentale with narrow impunctate or less punctate middle line, which is broad in A. anguliventre, A. rotundum, and A. preoccipitale.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983243FF8DFF1CFD48FAB0E0CE.taxon	description	Description. Female. 7 – 8 mm. Head: Clypeus (Fig. 7 B) pale yellow, anterior and posterior margin straight; apical margin light brown transparent; impunctate, slightly elevated middle line, about half an antenna diameter wide; clypeus as long as 1.20 – 1.29 maximum width; mandible yellow with five dark brown teeth; a minute sixth tooth distal to the innermost one mostly present; supraclypeal and paraocular areas yellow; yellow maculation of the paraocular area tapering above antennal socket and becoming gradually reddish-brown; preoccipital ridge rounded, moderately concave in dorsal view (Fig. 10 A); preoccipital band yellow and reddish-brown, confluent with entirely yellow gena; upper face black with white, adpressed pubescence; antenna reddish-brown, scape yellow beneath. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with reverse U-shaped yellow band on each side; scutellum and axillae yellow and widely rounded in dorsal view, with median scutellar impression; transparent posterior margin absent; base of scutellum reddish-brown; pronotal lobe yellow, lamellate; mesepisternum yellow, with dense pubescence; omaulus rounded; propodeal triangle finely roughened, with punctation at base, rugulose. — Metasoma: T 1 – T 5 light brown with yellow discs; depressions semi-transparent, punctation reaching apical margins; T 6 yellow, depressed in lateral view and with small, sting-wide median emargination at apex; with dark spot on each side next to the middle; T 1 – T 3 rounded laterally, T 4 – T 6 laterally slightly bulging (no teeth); hind tibia rounded; hind basitarsus with conspicuous carina. — Note: All specimens examined with brown or red-brown scutellum and terga. Specimens with black ground colour not seen (cf. note on A. anguliventre). Male. 7 – 8 mm. Head: Anterior and posterior margin of clypeus straight; clypeus densely punctate, somewhat less dense at base and along middle line; posterior margin smooth; mandible yellow with three strong teeth; supraclypeal area and lower paraocular area yellow; narrow yellow or light reddish-brown band along inner orbit of eye in upper paraocular area; preoccipital ridge rounded; vertex with yellow preoccipital band, confluent with yellow gena; inner side of band light reddish-brown (reaching upper eye); face including lower paraocular area and clypeus with long, white, largely adpressed pubescence; antenna reddish-brown. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with dense punctation and broad L-shaped anterolateral yellow band; thin yellow longitudinal stripe next to the middle; scutellum and axillae widely rounded in dorsal view, overhanging propodeum; scutellum with median posterior depression; yellow, with anterior light brown maculation; mesepisternum yellow, with dense white pubescence; propodeal triangle matt yellow, punctate posteriorly. — Metasoma: Terga with yellow bands, depressions light brown; punctation almost reaching posterior margins; T 4 laterally slightly bulged, T 5 with small tooth, T 6 with large tooth; disc of T 6 bulged posteriorly on both sides; T 7 semicircular with apical margin shallowly emarginated medially (Figs 8 B, 9 B); sterna yellow, apical margins with white pubescence; apical margin of S 5 widely emarginate; S 6 semicircular, shining, with deep, round and conspicuously darker lateral depression (Fig. 9 E). — Legs: Yellow, inner side dark brown; hind basitarsus with inconspicuous longitudinal carina, often hidden under white pubescence. — Hidden sterna and genitalia: See separate chapter.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983243FF8DFF1CFD48FAB0E0CE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the Levant: Jordan and Palestine (Fig. 12). A record from Syria needs confirmation (see taxonomic note). Güler et al. (2014) reported the species from the Antalya and Burdur provinces of Turkey. Determination is based on females only and needs confirmation. Salem & El-Azab (2017) listed the species for Egypt without giving further details. Israel is sometimes included in the distribution (e. g. Grace, 2010), although the base seems to be in all cases the type locality which is situated in Palestine. The distribution map in Discover Life of Ascher & Pickering (2020) shows many records from an area extending from Morocco over the Levant to Central Asia. For most records, no sources are available. Some records likely refer either to A. flavissimum sp. nov. (Afghanistan) or to A. occidentale sp. nov. (Morocco). Dunford et al. (2014) listed A. eremicum for Afghanistan, referring to an older version of Discover Life.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983243FF8DFF1CFD48FAB0E0CE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All specimens examined were collected in April and May. Mavromoustakis (1968) collected his A. aleppense in Jordan, where it was flying to Centaurea (Asteraceae). Taxonomic note. Mavromoustakis (1954) compared his female A. aleppense from Syria neither with A. anguliventre nor with A. eremicum, and Warncke (1980) came to the conclusion that A. aleppense is a junior synonym of A. eremicum. As long as the type could not be examined, I provisionally share this assessment, although the description available (Mavromoustakis, 1954) does not completely rule out the possibility that the specimen is actually a reddish-brown A. anguliventre. On the other hand, the male of A. aleppense, which was described later by Mavromoustakis (1968) based on material from Jordan, should be clearly regarded as conspecific with A. eremicum.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 13)	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: HOLOTYPE. Female. Afghanistan, Dashi-Bakwa [Dasht-e Bakwa, c. 32 ° 12 ’ N, 62 ° 55 ’ E], 19. v. 1959, W. Firestone leg., “ Anthidium? eremicum Alfken, det. T. Griswold 1984 ”, “ Anthidium eremicum Alfken, female, M. Schwarz det. 1986 ” (CMK, ms 2726).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The epithet of the name refers to the striking yellow colouration of the species: flavus = yellow (adjective) in Latin. The suffix - issimu s (resp. - issimum as neuter) is added to form its superlative grade as it is the most yellow species of this subgenus.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female can easily be distinguished from all other species of the subgenus by its striking yellow (“ canary yellow ”) colouration of the entire body with the exception of some black remnants on scutum and in the upper face between antennal sockets and posterior ocelli. Distinguished from A. anguliventre and A. rotundum by a narrow (not wide) impunctate middle line on the clypeus, from A. eremicum by the lamellate upper omaulus (rounded in A. eremicum) and the laterally toothed T 3 – T 5 (bulged in A. eremicum), from A. occidentale by the lamellate upper omaulus (angulate in A. occidentale), and from A. preoccipitale by the rounded hind tibia (rudimentary carina in A. preoccipitale) (Table 1). Vertex longer than in its consubgeners (3.83 as long as hind ocellus diameter, whereas it varies between 2.4 and 3.1 in all other species).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	description	Description. Female. 9 mm. Head. Clypeus sub-trapezoid; anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin with transparent furrows, which are obliquely directed to the centre; clypeus punctate with impunctate middle line; punctures at base more scattered than at apex; mandibles yellow with 5 brown teeth (one tooth broken in the holotype); teeth except of the lower outer tooth of almost equal size; subantennal suture straight; eyes greenish yellow; inner orbit modestly convergent; punctation on head finer than on clypeus; impunctate area in the supraclypeal area; supraclypeal area dirty-brown to black; upper face between antennal sockets and posterior ocelli black with brownish margins and a yellow spot below the anterior ocellus; area around antennal sockets and below ocelli with depressed white hairs; vertex in dorsal view moderately concave (Fig. 10 A). — Mesosoma. Scutum yellow with some brownish and black maculation, apparently remnants of the scutal pattern typical for the subgenus; scutellum widely rounded posteriorly in dorsal view with median emargination; axilla slightly protruding posteriorly; scutellum somewhat overhanging the propodeum; propodeal triangle rugulose or shagreened, punctate posteriorly; upper half of omaulus with low but distinctive lamella. — Metasoma. Terga yellow, with depressions semi-transparent brownish-yellow; punctation on depression finer than on discs; inconspicuous impunctate marginal zone; T 6 concavely depressed on both sides, lateral lamellate protrusion in dorsal view; apex with narrow sting-wide incision; T 3 – T 5 with lateral, partly transparent, acute projections, increasing in size towards T 5; scopa white. — Legs: Yellow; hind tibia rounded, hind basitarsus with transparent longitudinal carina on outer face. Male. Not known.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from Dasht-e Bakwa, an extensive alluvial plain in the southwest of Afghanistan, situated about 700 – 750 m above sea level (Fig. 12).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983246FF90FF1CFD44FCA5E3D0.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Collected in May. No further information available.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2 C, 6 C, 6 G, 7 C, 8 C, 9 B, 9 E, 10)	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE: Morocco: male, 10 km S Bouarfa [32 ° 31 ’ N, 1 ° 58 ’ W], 20. v. 1995, Ma. Halada leg. (CMK). — PARATYPES: Morocco: 1 ♀, 11 ♂, High Atlas Mountains south of Tizi n’Test pass in the Sous-Massa Region of Morocco [30 ° 51 ’ N, 8 ° 22 ’ W], 1900 m, 29. – 30. vi. 1987, M. Schwarz leg. (CMK). — 157 ♀, 6 ♂, 10 km S Bouarfa [32 ° 31 ’ N, 1 ° 58 ’ W], 20. v. 1995, Ma. Halada leg. (CMK). — 1 ♂, Agdz env. [30 ° 42 ’ N, 6 ° 27 ’ W], 1000 m, 14. vii. 1975, A. W. Ebmer leg. (coll. A. W. Ebmer). Additional material examined. 1 ♂, Beni Bassia 60 km NE Boudnib [32 ° 14 ’ N, 3 ° 09 ’ W], 21. v. 1995, Ma. Hala- da leg. (CMK). — MOROCCO: 10 km S Bouarfa [32 ° 31 ’ N, 1 ° 58 ’ W], 95 ♀, 20. v. 1995, Ma. Halada leg. (OLL). — Agdz env. [30 ° 42 ’ N, 6 ° 27 ’ W], 1000 m, 1 ♂, 14. vii. 1975, J. Gusenleitner leg. (OLL).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The epithet is derived from Latin “ occidentâlis ” (occidentâle as neuter) which means “ western ” and indicates that this is the westernmost species of the subgenus Gulanthidium.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: The female is characterised by a narrow impunctate middle line on the clypeus, often with a somewhat scarred surface, which it shares with A. eremicum and A. flavissimum (Table 1). Among these species, A. eremicum has a rounded omaulus and bulged lateral T 4 – T 5 (omaulus angulate and T 4 – T 5 toothed in A. occidentale), and A. flavissimum a conspicuously lamellate upper omaulus (angulate in A. occidentale). Anthidium flavissimum is also distinguished by its bright yellow colouration with only a few black remnants in the face and on the scutum (light yellow to reddish-brown with rich black maculation in A. occidentale) and a broader clypeus (ratio clypeus length / maximal clypeus width> 1.4 as compared with <1.4 in A. occidentale). The male is most similar to A. eremicum and is distinguished by the triangular to drop-shaped form of the apex of the penis valves (in dorsolateral view), which is elongate in A. eremicum. Anthidum occidentale is the only known species of the subgenus Gulanthidium in north-western Africa.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	description	Description. Female. 8 – 9 mm. Head: Clypeus (Fig. 7 D) light yellow with straight anterior and posterior margins; light brown transparent apex; impunctate middle line approximately half an antennal diameter wide, often somewhat scarred; mandible yellow with five teeth and an additional minute tooth distal to the upper tooth; supraclypeal area yellow and reddish-brown; paraocular area below the antennal socket yellow, tapering above the antennal socket and becoming increasingly reddish-brown; vertex reddish-brown, gena yellow; preoccipital ridge rounded and moderately concave as seen from dorsal (Fig. 10 A); antenna reddish-brown. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with yellow L-shaped anterolateral band and a yellow longitudinal crescent-shaped stripe next to the middle; scutellum yellow with median posterior impression and narrow transparent posterior margin; base reddish-brown; axilla slightly protruding, yellow and with some reddish-brown on the anterior side; mesepisternum yellow (smooth anterior face reddish-brown and black), omaulus angular. — Metasoma: Terga reddish-brown to black, semi-transparent depressions; bands of T 1 – T 6 yellow with reddish-yellow margins; T 1 – T 2 rounded laterally; T 3 – T 5 laterally toothed; T 6 depressed in lateral view, light yellow with two dark spots next to the middle. — Legs: Hind tibia rounded, hind metatarsus with longitudinal carina. Male. 8 – 9 mm. Head: Clypeus bell-shaped with straight anterior margin; lateral margin slightly curved outwards posteriorly; posterior margin semi-transparent, deep yellow and straight; punctation scattered at base and sometimes along middle line but otherwise dense; mandible deep yellow with three strong black teeth; supraclypeal and paraocular area yellow; yellow upper paraocular area confluent with reddish-brown vertex; vertex reddishbrown, sometimes yellow at preoccipital ridge; preoccipital ridge angulate; gena yellow; upper face from posterior ocelli to antennal sockets black (or rarely [one case] reddish-brown), with black maculation rarely extending onto vertex; antenna reddish-brown, lighter on ventral than dorsal surface; ventral surface of scape yellow; entire face including clypeus with long adpressed white hairs. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with broad yellow L-shaped anterolateral band; semi-crescentic band next to the middle, with some variation to length and width (usually merged with the yellow lateral band at notaulus); scutellum widely rounded in dorsal view with median emargination; overhanging propodeum; scutellum and axilla yellow, with base of scutellum reddish-brown; propodeal triangle roughened, punctate posteriorly; mesepisternum yellow with dense white pubescence; pronotal lobe lamellate. — Metasoma: Terga with yellow bands; depressions semi-transparent, light or dark brown; T 3 – T 6 with acute lateral projection, increasing in size from T 3 towards T 6; disc of T 6 bulging apically next to the centre; T 7 semi-circular with some slight flattening at apex (Figs 8 C, 9 B); sterna light reddish-brown with white pubescence at apical margins; S 5 widely emarginate; S 6 semicircular, shining, with lateral depression (Fig. 9 E). — Hidden sterna and genitalia: See separate chapter.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Morocco (Fig. 12). Found in the southwestern and eastern High Atlas Mountains and the southern Saharan Atlas Mountains. Elevations varied between 970 m (Beni Bassia) and 1900 m (Tizi-n-Test).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. It is likely that records listed by van der Zanden (1996) under A. anguliventre and by Ascher & Pickering (2021) under A. eremicum (see also Lhomme et al., 2020) refer to this species.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983258FF91FF1CFE9DFC8FE2B0.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All material was collected between May and July.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 D, 9 C, 9 F, 10, 14)	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (male). “ Surabad / Typus / Turkestan 189 / Anthidium anguliventre F. Mor. / http: // coll. mfn-berlin. de / u ” (ZMB). Note: Surabad is not located in Turkmenistan as indicated on the label and by Friese (1898), but in Iran as found out by Baker (1998) based on the travel itinerary of the collector, D. K. Glasonov [Glazunov]. Coordinates: 35 ° 43 ° N, 61 ° 05 ’ E. Genitalia are dissected (by F. Friese?) and available, but their preservation status does not allow examination of the relevant traits.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The most similar species is A. rotundum with which the male shares particularly the median furrow on S 6. However, it is distinguished from that species and all other members of the subgenus by a strong lamella on the preoccipital ridge. Punctation on tergal discs more scattered than in A. rotundum. T 2 laterally rounded (lateral tooth present in A. rotundum).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	description	Description. Male. 10 mm. Head: Clypeus flat, anterior margin straight, posterior margin shallowly emarginate; apical margin brown, smooth; median third of clypeus almost impunctate; mandible yellow with three strong teeth; supraclypeal and lower paraocular area yellow, upper paraocular area with yellow band along inner orbit of eye and confluent with yellow maculation on vertex; vertex with broad ochreous to yellow transverse band, confluent with yellow gena; strong lamella (approx. 0.13 mm high) extending to height of middle of eye; antenna ochreous; underside of scape yellow. — Mesosoma: Scutum black, densely punctated; broad L-shaped anterolateral yellow band; remnants of a thin yellow longitudinal line next to the middle; scutellum and axillae yellow, scutellum with some black colouration anteriorly and with median emargination; axilla slightly protruding laterally; propodeal triangle rugulose, coarser at base than apically; upper half of mesepisternum yellow, lower half black; pronotal lobe lamellate. — Metasoma: Tergal discs punctate, with distance between punctures up to 1 – 2 puncture diameter; depressions T 1 – T 6 chestnut-brown; T 3 – T 6 each with a lateral tooth, small in T 3 and becoming larger towards T 6; teeth flat with transparent lamella-like margin; disc of T 6 bulging on each side of the middle; T 7 semicircular with transparent margin (Figs 8 D, 9 C); S 6 semicircular with median furrow and lateral depression (Fig. 9 F). — Legs: Yellow, inner faces black or dark brown; hind basitarsus with longitudinal carina. Morphometry. Some measurements of the male holotype of A. preoccipitale were compared with a series (N = 14) of males A. rotundum (see under “ material examined ” there): the ocellocular distance, the hind ocellus-vertex distance, the distance between the posterior ocelli, and the distance between anterior and posterior ocelli. None of these measurements alone was strong enough to distinguish A. preoccipitale from A. rotundum. However, the combination of these five parameters showed in a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) that the discriminant score of A. preoccipitale is higher than in A. rotundum (Fig. 15), and this may be understood as further indication for the distinctiveness of A. preoccipitale.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The name refers to the preoccipital ridge which bears a distinct lamella.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality, situated in north-eastern Iran (Fig. 12).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B87983259FF92FF1CFC7DFE2CE087.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype of A. preoccipitale male was provided to H. Friese together with a female Anthidium from the same location, and both specimens were regarded by him as paratypes of A. anguliventre. As the collection date and other details are not available, it cannot be said whether these two specimens were actually collected together. The identity of the female as A. anguliventre was confirmed here by a flat clypeus with a medially wide impunctate middle area, the punctation of T 5 reaching the posterior margin, the laterally rounded T 1 – T 2, and the presence of blunt teeth on T 3 – T 5. In a Discriminant Function Analysis of six morphometric parameters of the clypeus, the female specimen also clearly clustered with A. anguliventre. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that this female is the unknown female of A. preoccipitale which would then be indistinguishable from A. anguliventre on the basis of external characters.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798325BFF95FF1CFE69FE3FE614.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2 D, 6 D, 6 H, 7 D, 8 E, 9 C, 9 F, 10)	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798325BFF95FF1CFE69FE3FE614.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: Tehran prov.: Ab Ali / Elburz, 1 ♂, 9. – 10. vii. 1965, Soika & Mavromousta- kis leg. (OLL; Warncke, 1980). — PARATYPES: N. Lebanon: Becharre, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 1. vii. 1960; 1 ♀, 27. vi. 1960; 4 ♀, 2, vii. 1960; 1 ♂, 3. vii. 1960 (OLL; Warncke, 1980). — N. Lebanon: Kadisha, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, 21. vi. 1960, 27. vi. 1960, 22. vi. 1960 (listed by Mavromoustakis, 1962 as A. anguliventre, but transferred to A. rotundum as paratypes by Warncke, 1980). Other material examined. LEBANON (see also Boustani et al., 2021): N. Lebanon: nr. Bcharré, 1 ♂, 27. vi. 1960, G. Mavromoustakis leg. (CMK, ms 3907). — N. Liban: Barouk, Shouf Biosphere Reserve (33 ° 40 ’ N, 35 ° 41 ’ E), 1692 m, 1 ♂, 02. vii. 2019, X. van Achter leg. (coll. M. Boustani, Mbou 124). — N. Liban: Barouk, Shouf Biosphere Reserve (33 ° 39 ’ N, 35 ° 40 ’ E), 1382 m, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 03. vii. 2019, X. van Achter leg. (coll. M. Boustani, Mbou 125 - 126). — N. Liban: Barouk, Shouf Biosphere Reserve (33 ° 40 ’ N, 35 ° 42 ’ E), 1716 m, 2 ♀, 04. vii. 2019, X. van Achter leg. (coll. M. Boustani, MBou 127 - 128). — N. Liban: Laqlouq, Matoube (34 ° 07 ’ N, 35 ° 51 ’ E), 1660 / 1699 m, 2 ♀, 06. vii. 2019, X. van Achter leg. (coll. M. Boustani, MBou 129 - 130). — SYRIA: Kafr Suwayda, 1 ♂, 21. vi. 2000, M. Halada leg. (CMK, ms 2900). — TURKEY: Adıyaman prov.: Gölbaşı, 2 ♀, 3 ♂, 21. vi. 1985, M. Schwarz leg. (CMK, ms 2301 - 2302). — Adıyaman prov.: Nemrut Dağı, Karadut, 1 ♀, 2 ♂, 02. vii. 1993, Jirousek leg. (CMK, ms 3924 - 26). — Izmir („ Smyrna “), 1 ♂, http: // coll. mfn-berlin. de / u / 31 ef 29 zmb 145 (ZMB 145). Hakkari prov.: S Beyetüşşebap, 1250 m, 10. viii. 1983, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). — Manisa prov.: 15 km SEE Salihli (38 ° 26 ’ N, 28 ° 19 ’ E), 170 m, 1 ♀, 3 ♂, 02. vii. 2006, J. Halada leg. (CMK, ms 798 - 800, ms 943). — Muğla prov.: betw. Akyaka and Kuyucak, 1 ♂, 11. vii. 2010, M. Kasparek leg. (MK 433). — Urfa prov.: Urfa, 1 ♂, 14. - 17. vi. 1977, J. Heinrich leg. (SMF 238). — Urfa prov.: 20 km N Ceylanpınar, 500 m, 18. vi. 1981, K. Warncke leg. (OLL). Material not examined. AZERBAIJAN. Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Shakhbuz, Zarnatun (39 ° 31 ‘ N, 45 ° 46 ‘ E), 1550 m, 4 ♀, 7 ♂, 24 - 25. vii. 2018 (Fateryga et al., 2020). — Julfa, Gazanchi (39 ° 13 ’ N, 45 ° 41 ’ E), 1300 m, 1 ♀, 2 ♂, 26 - 27. vii. 2018 (Fateryga et al., 2020). — Ordubad, Aghdara (39 ° 06 ’ N, 45 ° 54 ’ E), 2000 m, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 28. vii. 2018 (Fateryga et al., 2020). — EGYPT: Rd. Maudi-Sokma [= Maadi, today part of Cairo, and Ain Suchna (Ain Sokhna) in the Gulf of Suez], 1 ♂, 1. vi. 1991, A. Mochi leg. (van der Zanden, 1996). — Ikingi-Alexandria [c. 30 ° 59 ’ N, 29 ° 45 ’ E], 1 ♂, 12. vii. 1980, A. Mochi leg. (van der Zanden, 1996). Confirmation required. — IRAN: Yazd prov.: Mehriz, Damgahan, 6 ♂, 03. vii. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov.: Taft, Nir, 11 ♂, 21. vi. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov.: Taft, Saleh abad, 15 m, 28. vi. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). — Yazd prov.: Taft, Rahat abad, 5 ♂, 14. vii. 2013 (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014). – Tehran prov.: Monti steppici 24 km S Ab Ali, 1300 m, 1 ♂, 10. vii. 1965 (Warncke, 1980). — Alborz prov.: Dam 23 km N Karaj, 1700 m, 1 ♂, 08. vii. 1965 (Warncke, 1980). — MOROCCO: Tarondona [location not identified], 1 ♂, 21. vi. 1968, Verhoeff leg., Leiden Mu- seum (van der Zanden, 1996). Record not regarded as reliable (A. occidentale?). — TURKEY: Hakkari prov.: Yüksekova, 2000 m, 1 ♀, 11. viii. 1973 (Warncke, 1980). Afyon Karahisar prov.: Bolvadin, 985 m, 23. vi. 2006, 1 ♀ (Güler, 2011). — Afyon Karahisar prov.: Sandıklı Daylık, 985 m, 26. vi. 2007, 1 ♀ (Güler, 2011). Nadimi et al. (2014) also mention Peykanshahr (35 ° 44 ’ N, 51 ° 09 ’ E) and Pishva-Mohammad Abad (35 ° 15 ’ N, 51 ° 44 ’ E) in northern Iran as “ A. cf. rotundum ”. A male in OLL is labelled as “ Anthidium flavitarse. Serbien: Rndow ”, without date or collector. The locality could not be identified and the record needs confirmation.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798325BFF95FF1CFE69FE3FE614.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female is characterised by a deeply concave vertex (moderately concave in the other species) which is slightly curled up in lateral view (lamellate in A. preoccipitale, rounded to angular in the other species). Clypeus is flat with a broad (approx. one antenna diameter wide) impunctate middle line (shared with A. anguliventre; narrower middle line in the other species). Terga with a narrow (1 – 2 puncture diameter wide) smooth marginal zone (punctation reaching apical margin in all other species). See Table 1 for further characters. The male of A. rotundum is well characterised by the semicircular T 6, not flattened or emarginated at the apex as in the other species of the subgenus, and an angulate vertex (lamellate or rounded in the other species). Yellow band on T 1 mostly broadly interrupted (uninterrupted in the other species). Anthidium rotundum has a characteristic S 6 with a median longitudinal furrow. Anthidium rotundum is on average larger than the other species.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798325BFF95FF1CFE69FE3FE614.taxon	description	Description. Female. 9 – 12 mm. Head: Clypeus (Fig. 7 D) flat with a broad almost entirely impunctate, smooth middle band; anterior and posterior margins straight, posterior margin smooth and bulging, and with a narrow, semitransparent light brown apex; supraclypeal area yellow, with scattered punctation; paraocular area yellow, with a broad band almost reaching top of eye; mandible yellow with five dark brown teeth, and sometimes an additional minute tooth distal to the uppermost; vertex slightly curled up, preoccipital ridge angular; vertex in dorsal view deeply concave (Fig. 10 B); yellow preoccipital band; gena yellow except for some black on the inner side. — Mesosoma: Black with broad yellow, reverse U-shaped band; mesepisternum yellow with very low omaular lamella; pronotal lobe yellow with high lamella; scutellum widely rounded in dorsal view with posterior semi-transparent margin laterally; posterior margin of axilla set back against posterior margin of scutellum; scutellum and axilla yellow, with black base of scutellum. — Metasoma: Discs of T 1 – T 5 yellow, depressions black; punctation on depressions finer than on discs, punctures leave an impunctate posterior margin; T 6 yellow (except of some black laterally), depressed as seen in profile; small sting-wide incision at apex. — Legs: Yellow; hind tibia rounded; hind basitarsus with strong carina. Male. 9 – 14 mm. Head: Clypeus flat with straight basal and lateral margins; broadly impunctate medially, apical margin with a thin semi-transparent end line; very shallowly emarginate; dense punctation laterally; mandible yellow with 3 black teeth; supraclypeal area yellow with scattered punctation; paraocular area yellow, with yellow maculation reaching upper end of eye; vertex strongly concave in dorsal view with angulate margin (Fig. 10 B); yellow preoccipital band reaching mandibles; preoccipital band sometimes interrupted medially with some yellow remnants in the middle; gena broad, broader than eye in lateral view; scape dark yellow; proximal segments of antenna ochreous. — Mesosoma: Scutum black with yellow, inverted U-shaped yellow band; inner arm much thinner than lateral arm; scutellum widely rounded in dorsal view, somewhat overhanging propodeum; apical margin emarginate in the centre; scutellum and axillae yellow except at the base of scutellum; pronotal lobe yellow with high lamella; mesepisternum with yellow maculation; upper part of omaulus slightly carinate, but hardly visible because of dense white pubescence. — Metasoma: T 1 – T 6 with yellow bands, mostly interrupted on T 1, otherwise uninterrupted; T 2 bulged laterally, T 3 with rounded lateral projection, T 4 – T 6 with acute projections; apical margin of T 6 bulged; T 7 yellow, semicircular, with fine longitudinal carina medially and transparent apical margin (Figs 8 E, 9 C); S 6 semicircular with median furrow, broadening towards the apex, and a lateral depression (Fig. 9 F). — Legs: Femora with much black maculation; tibiae yellow with black inner face; tarsi yellow. — Hidden sterna and genitalia: S 7 elongate with hairy apex; S 8 with triangular apex; apex of penis valves spearhead-like. See also separate chapter.	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798325BFF95FF1CFE69FE3FE614.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All records are from June and July. According to Müller (1996), Cardueae (Asteraceae) are the ex- clusive pollen sources of A. rotundum. The species was collected in Lebanon from Centaurea sp. (M. Boustani, unpubl.), and in Iran from Centaurea bruguierana (Dehghan Dehnavi et al., 2014).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
CC4B8798325BFF95FF1CFE69FE3FE614.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Greece, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and Azerbaijan (Fig. 16). A record from Morocco (van den Zanden, 1996) seems to be unreliable and records from Egypt (van den Zanden, 1996) need confirmation. The distribution in the west extends to Lesbos (northern Aegean; Grace, 2010) and western Anatolia (Izmir and Muğla) provinces).	en	Kasparek, Max (2021): Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 5040 (4): 482-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2
