taxonID	type	description	language	source
CD7F70626B0BFF8BFFDB03F082ABFB9B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Tanytarsus saltuum Goetghebuer 1921, p 115. Designated in original description (Brundin 1947). Generic diagnosis Adult male. Small, wing length 0.7 – 1.7 mm. Body green, yellow, or brown with darker vittae. Head: antenna with 12 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible. Antennal ratio 0.5 – 1.5. Eye ovoid, bare, without dorsomedian extension. Frontal tubercles present as small dots or well-developed cones; 5 – 12 temporal setae in one row. Mouthparts and apodemes normal. Thorax: antepronotum widely divided dorsally, bare. Scutum overhanging pronotum, with or without weak scutal tubercle. Acrosticals 8 – 17; dorsocentrals 5 – 12; prealars 1 – 2; scutellars 4 – 11, humerals 0 – 3; thorax otherwise bare. Wing: cuneiform. Membrane and most veins extensively covered with macrotrichiae, denser distally; sub costa, media, and squama bare. Costa not produced; R 4 + 5 ending opposite or proximal to apex of M 3 + 4. Legs: fore tibia with short, slender, apical spur. Combs of mid and hind tibiae narrow, well separated, with one or two spurs. Pulvilli absent or minute. Hypopygium: anal tergite with transverse or slightly T-shaped anal tergite band. Median tergite setae long anteriorly on tergite or short close to anal point or both. Anal point well developed, slender to broad at base, often narrower and pointed towards apex, with or without well-developed anal crests and anal point spinulae. Some species with groups of microtrichia near anal point base. Setiger of superior volsella oval to almost rectangular, straight to strongly bent medially, with three to six dorsal and two (Stempellinella truncata three) median setae. Superior volsella otherwise bare. Digitus absent, but contour of superior volsella stem on setiger often prominent. Median volsella with well-developed simple or branched stem with or without microtrichia, lamellae simple blades or setiform. Inferior volsella long, straight or club-shaped with concave median margin, reaching past apex of gonocoxite; with apical setae and microtrichia, dorsal surface otherwise bare. Gonostylus considerably shorter than gonocoxite, often with concave median margin and medially directed apex; median margin with several strong setae, dorsomedian margin usually without microtrichiae. Adult female. Small, wing length 0.6 – 1.6 mm. Body green, yellow, or brown with darker vittae. Head: antenna with five flagellomeres. Antennal ratio 0.2 – 0.4. Eye ovoid, bare, without dorsomedian extension. Frontal tubercles present as small dots or well-developed cones, usually a bit smaller than in male; temporal setae in one row. Mouthparts and apodemes normal. Thorax: antepronotum widely divided dorsally, bare. Scutum overhanging pronotum, with or without weak scutal tubercle. Acrosticals 10 – 18; dorsocentrals 4 – 8; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 7, humerals 0 – 6; thorax otherwise bare. Wing: cuneiform. Membrane and most veins extensively covered with macrotrichiae, denser distally; sub costa, media, and squama bare. Costa not produced; R 4 + 5 ending opposite or proximal to apex of M 3 + 4. Legs: fore tibia with short, slender, apical spur. Combs of mid and hind tibiae narrow, well separated, with one or two spurs. Pulvilli absent or minute. Genitalia: gonocoxapodeme VIII well developed, medially curved. Sternite VIII forms relatively large floor under vagina, covering from one-quarter to more than half of vaginal opening ventrally. Vaginal floor with none to four setae, without suture, margin concave. Gonapophysis VIII simple, rounded lobe with relatively long, densely set, medially directed microtrichia. Labium large, angular. Notum about as long as seminal capsule width, sometimes longer. Rami as long as notum. Seminal capsules ovoid with relatively large, funnel-shaped neck. Spermathecal duct with strong bends, at most slightly longer than rami and notum combined. Tergite IX bluntly triangular or semicircular without shoulders. Gonocoxite IX with one to three setae. Postgenital plate subtriangular. Cercus small to large, approximately as long as seminal capsule width. Pupa. Small, 1.5 – 3 mm long. Thorax and lateral margins of posterior abdominal segments brown. Cephalothorax: frontal setae well developed, taeniate, arising from weakly to strongly developed cephalic tubercles. Frontal apotome smooth to strongly granulose. Frontal warts and pedicel sheath tubercles absent. Thoracic horn elongate with fine to coarse chaetulae. Three taeniate precorneals in slight triangle. Median antepronotal and one lateral antepronotal long, taeniate; other lateral antepronotal seta basiconica. Thorax smooth with few wrinkles to strongly granulose anterodorsally. Prealar tubercle absent to well developed, broad mound. Dorsocentrals simple, in two pairs, anterior pair sometimes slightly stronger. Wing sheath with prominent nose. Pearl row absent. Abdomen: tergite I bare; II with points in small, round to large triangular patches; III with points in small elongate to large rectangular patches, often p - shaped; IV and V with points in p - shaped patches, occasionally transversely and longitudinally divided; VI with points in four patches or in one p - shaped patch; VII bare, with shagreen in anterolateral patches or with points in transverse anterior patch; VIII with anterolateral patches of shagreen; IX bare or with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Points on tergites II – VI more or less equal in size. Hook row continuous, one-quarter to one-third width of tergite. Pleurae I, II, and VIII bare, pleurae III – VII bare or with shagreen. Pedes spurii A present on segment IV. Pedes spurii B on segment II well developed. Sternites without conspicuous armature. Segment II with 2 D and 3 simple L setae; III with 3 D, 2 – 3 simple and 0 – 1 taeniate L setae; IV with 3 D, 2 – 3 simple and 0 – 1 taeniate L setae; V with 2 – 4 D and 3 taeniate L setae; VI with 2 – 3 D and 3 taeniate L setae; VII with 2 – 3 D and 4 taeniate L setae; VIII with 1 D and 2 – 3 taeniate L setae; TIX with 1 D and 8 – 25 lateral taeniae in anal lobe. Segment VIII with well-developed single spur in posterolateral corner. Larva. Small, 1.3 – 3 mm long. Live specimens yellow to pale pink, head capsule brown. Cases straight tubes which are slightly larger in anterior end; case material of fine silt and sand speckled with detritus. Head: dorsal surface smooth. Clypal seta S 3 simple to weakly plumose with three or four branches. Antenna five-segmented, placed on prominent pedestal with welldeveloped spur. Basal segment of antenna 0.7 – 1.5 × length of segments 2 – 5. Antennal seta placed basally on segment 1, just above ring organ. Antennal blade well developed, at least reaching antennal segment 2, usually apex of distal Lauterborn organ or beyond. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, placed alternately on antennal segment 2. Proximal Lauterborn organ on short pedicel near base of segment 3, distal organ on short to moderately long pedicel apically on segment 2. Labral seta SI pectinate, bases fused; SII plumose on tall pedestal; chaetae pectinate to plumose; SIII simple, SIV present. Labral lamella well-developed comb. Pecten epipharyngis consisting of three long, slender, triangular scales. Premandible with two to four teeth, well-developed brush. Premandibular teeth only slightly inclined relative to main axis of premandible. Mandible with pale dorsal tooth; apical and three inner teeth brown. Seta subdentalis long, curved, usually reaching well beyond apical mandibular tooth. Seta interna consisting of four strongly plumose branches. Pecten mandibularis with well-developed lamellae, outer lamella stronger than rest. Mentum with rounded median tooth; six pairs of lateral teeth equal or subequal in size laterad; first pair often more or less fused with median tooth. Ventromental plates fan-shaped with obvious striation, medially at most reaching lateral margin of second lateral tooth. Mentum slightly wider than ventromental plate. Seta submenti placed medially to posteromedian corner of ventromental plate. Postoccipital plate little to moderately developed, continuous or split. Body: anterior parapods with numerous simple spines; posterior parapods with 12 – 18 simple claws. Two pairs of conical anal tubules present. Supraanal seta strong and long. Procercus about as long as wide with two short and four long anal setae, short setae set individually and separate from the common base of the long setae. Comments The genus morphologically most similar to Stempellinella is probably Zavrelia. However, there are a few characters which can be used to separate the genera in most life stages (Table II). The larvae and pupae of Stempellinella are particularly similar to those of Zavrelia, and combinations of characters are needed to separate Stempellinella and Zavrelia species in these life stages.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B04FF89FF2C03F082B2F945.taxon	description	Stempellinella apicula can be separated from other species in Stempellinella by the following combination of characters. Adult male with broadly triangular frontal tubercles; AR ca 0.6; superior volsella somewhat rectangular with apex drawn into an anteromedially directed point; anal point long with spinulae and microtrichia between well-developed crests; gonostylus with obvious posteromedially pointed apex. Redescription Adult male (n 5 1). Total length 2.2 mm; wing length 1.10 mm. Colour: pale, brown-green body colour with brown scutal stripes, postnotum, median anepisternum, epimeron and antennal pedicels; somewhat darker antepronotum; scutellum pale; halteres pale; eyes brown-red, darker ventrally. Head (Figure 1 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, broad, triangular, 15 Mm long; antenna (Figure 1 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.60; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 20, 22, 50, 80, 115. Clypeus about 50 Mm long with seven setae; tentorium ca 80 Mm long, 15 Mm wide; three inner verticals, two outer verticals, three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle weak, broad; acrostichals 13; dorsocentrals 6; humerals 1; prealars 1; scutellars 7; halterals 6. Wing (Figure 1 C): cuneiform, 2.7 times longer than broad; VR 1.76; wing setation as in Figure 1 C. Legs (Figure 1 D): fore tibia with 12 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 12 – 13 Mm long tibial combs, one mid tibial comb with 35 Mm long spur, one hind tibial comb with 32 Mm long spur; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 1 E, F): anal tergite 95 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; three strong median setae at some distance from anal point base, one lateral seta, 22 apical setae; anal point 43 Mm long, basally 7 Mm broad with long, well-developed crests which end close to anal point apex; 10 small spinulae and microtrichia between anal crests; microtrichia-free area on each side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 80 Mm long; gonostylus 60 Mm long; HR 1.33. Superior volsella (Figure 1 F) somewhat rectangular with apex drawn into an anteromedially directed point, four dorsal and two median setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 30 Mm long, straight, posteromedially directed, stem simple with numerous simple ca 20 Mm long lamellae which reach two-thirds length of inferior volsella; inferior volsella 60 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female, pupa, and larva. Unknown. Remarks Stempellinella apicula has been recorded only from its type locality in China (Guo and Wang 2005). The immature stages and their habitat remain unknown, but the larvae probably construct small, straight transportable cases of sand and detritus like the morphologically similar species in Europe.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B01FF93FFDB03C0804AFE44.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: P „ (USNM) USA, OH: Wayne Co. Izaak Walton tributary, Cedar Valley Rd, 1 June 2005, E. Moore. Paratypes: two P „„, one P ♀, one prepupa, one P, six L as holotype; two L as holotype except collected 4 April 1998, M. J. Bolton. Etymology The species is named after my good colleague Mike Bolton who made the type material available for this study. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella boltoni can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with AR 0.8 – 0.95; anal point long, triangular, with 11 – 16 strong double spinulae between well-developed anal crests; strong median setae on anal tergite; lateral anal tergite setae absent; setiger of superior volsella strongly angled, narrow basally, width shorter than horizontal distance between superior and median volsellae; median volsella 45 Mm long with microtrichose, palmate stem. Pupa with conical cephalic tubercles and moderately wrinkled frontal apotome; thorax completely brown pigmented, slightly granulated and wrinkled anterodorsally; thoracic horn comparatively short and broad (ca 280 Mm long) with strong chaetae along dorsal margin; median antepronotal not on tubercle; one lateral seta on abdominal segment III and IV taeniate, anterolateral patches of shagreen on tergites VIII – IX only; pleura apparently without shagreen. Larva with 35 Mm long, slightly curved spur apically placed on antennal pedestal; AR ca 0.9; premandible with three teeth; S 3 split in two long and several small branches. Description Adult male (n 5 3, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.7 – 2.0, 1.85 mm; wing length not measurable. Colour: head and thorax brown with somewhat darker scutal stripes, eyes dark brown, abdomen and legs pale yellow-brown. Head (Figure 2 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 12 – 19, 15 Mm long; antenna with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible (Figure 2 B); AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.84 – 0.92, 0.88; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm, n 52): 20; 25; 55 – 70; 75 – 85; 110 – 130. Clypeus about 30 Mm long with 8 – 10, 9 setae; tentorium ca 90 – 100 Mm long, 15 Mm wide; two or three inner verticals, two to four outer verticals, three postorbitals. Thorax (n 52): scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 8 – 10; dorsocentrals 5; humerals 0; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 6; halterals 5 (n 51). Wing: not measurable since all males were pharate. Legs (Figure 2 C): fore tibia with 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 10 – 12 Mm long tibial combs, one comb on each tibia with 25 – 30, 27 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 2 D – F): anal tergite 88 – 93, 91 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band, three to five, four strong median setae far from anal point base, one small setae near base; lateral anal tergite seta absent; anal point 40 – 50, 45 Mm long, basally 18 – 20 (n 52) Mm broad with well-developed crests, distally thin and pointed downwards; 11 – 16, 14 strong spinulae between anal crests; microtrichia present around base of anal point. Gonocoxite 83 – 85, 84 Mm long; gonostylus 52 – 55, 54 Mm long; HR 1.55 – 1.60, 1.56. Superior volsella (Figure 2 F) comparatively large, setiger medially bent, base narrower than horizontal distance between superior and median volsellae, four or five dorsal setae, two or three median setae, basomedian on setiger margin, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 45 Mm long, posteromedially directed, palmate stem with long microtrichia, with simple 15 Mm long lamellae; inferior volsella 65 Mm long, slightly clubshaped, with five distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female. The condition of the pharate adult female in the type material is not good enough for description. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2 mm; abdomen 1.5 – 1.6, 1.5 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae: thorax completely brown, abdomen clear with darker lateral margins on segments VII – IX, tergites VII and VIII with dark pigmentation posteriorly. Cephalothorax (Figure 3 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, conical, 30 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 90 – 150, 116 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 200 – 335, 278 Mm long with some 5 – 15 Mm long chaetae distributed dorsally on distal half; precorneals taeniate, arranged in slight triangular pattern, the two anteriormost setae situated closer to each other than to the third, anterior precorneal 125 – 190 (n 52) Mm long; median precorneal 125 – 150, 133 (n 53) Mm long; posterior precorneal 120 – 175, 140 (n 53) Mm long; one taeniate median antepronotal ca 100 Mm long, two lateral antepronotals (one sensillum basiconicum); two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, setae of each pair equally strong, 25 – 35 Mm long. Restricted field of granulation and fine sculpturing anterodorsally on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong. Abdomen (Figure 3 C): TII with developed subtriangular point patches; hook row 50 – 70, 59 Mm wide with 23 – 35, 29 hooks. TIII – V with more or less p - shaped point patches, patches on TIII somewhat smaller; TVI with two long subrectangular point patches; TVII without shagreen or points; TVIII – IX with small anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with well-developed pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 – 3 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate or semi-taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 2 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 2 – 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 2 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 14 – 19, 17 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VIII. Pleurae apparently without shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 2 – 2.5 mm, house ca 3 mm. Head capsule yellow, brown postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals not examined. Head (Figure 3 D – I): AR 0.88 – 0.97, 0.95; antennal pedestal 65 – 70, 66 Mm long with strong, apical, 33 – 37, 35 Mm long, slightly curved, blunt spur; antenna (Figure 3 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 63 – 75, 69; 38 – 45, 42; 13 – 15, 15; 10 – 12, 11; 5 – 6; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 0.87 – 1.03, 0.96. Antennal seta ca 30 Mm long, placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade 95 – 100 (n 52) Mm long, pale, reaching well beyond tip of antenna; peg of antennal segment 2 placed at twothirds length of segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 20 – 25, 23 Mm long; proximal organ placed at one-third length of segment 2 on 5 – 10 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 15 – 20 Mm long pedicel; SII and chaetae plumose; chaetulae simple; S 3 long and split in two long and several short branches (Figure 3 E); pecten epipharyngis consist of three welldeveloped chaetae; labral lamella with ca 22 teeth. Mentum (Figure 3 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth with low lateral notches, all teeth equally dark; ventromental plates medially reaching third lateral tooth of mentum, MVR ca 1.1 – 1.4; premandible (Figure 3 G) with three teeth, with well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 3 H) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 35 – 40, 38 Mm long, reaching well beyond apex of mandible, mola bare or with two closely set spines; postoccipital plate (Figure 3 I) well developed, split. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 15 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal segment with four 60 Mm long anal tubules; supraanal seta strong, 225 – 275, 245 Mm long; procercus with two short (ca 140 Mm long) and four long (ca 550 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks Stempellinella boltoni is very similar to S. fimbriata and S. tamaseptima in the adult male, but can be separated from the former by the more broadly triangular anal point and the broader, blunt apex of the superior volsella, and from the latter by the longer distance between superior and median volsellae (longer than width of setiger base in S. boltoni). The three species can also be separated by their COI gene sequences (Table IV). The species has been recorded from two localities in Ohio, USA. The larvae build transportable cases of comparatively coarse sand and detritus.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B1DFF92FFDB02FC802FFD48.taxon	description	Stempellinella brevilamellae can be separated from other species in Stempellinella by the following combination of characters. Adult male with well-developed, conical frontal tubercles; AR ca 0.8; superior volsella somewhat rectangular with medially pointed apex; anal point long with spinulae and microtrichia between well-developed crests; median volsella 50 – 55 Mm long, branched, covered with microtrichia. Redescription Adult male (n 5 4 unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.5 – 2.0, 1.9 mm; wing length 1.15 – 1.32, 1.24 mm. Colour: pale brown body colour with darker scutal stripes, postnotum, preepisternum, median anepisternum, epimeron and antennal pedicels; scutellum pale; halteres pale; eyes brown-red, darker ventrally. Head (Figure 4 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical 10 – 20, 15 Mm long; antenna (Figure 2 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.74 – 0.82, 0.77; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 20 – 25, 23; 20 – 25, 24; 55 – 65, 61; 75 – 85, 83; 115 – 130, 123. Clypeus about 70 Mm long with 11 – 14, 12 setae; tentorium ca 90 Mm long, 25 Mm wide; two or three inner verticals, one or two outer verticals, two or three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle weak, broad; acrostichals 8 – 11, 10; dorsocentrals 5 – 6; humerals 0; prealars 1; scutellars 7 – 8; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 4 C): cuneiform, 2.7 – 3.1, 2.9 times longer than broad; VR 1.50 – 1.54, 1.52; wing setation as in Figure 4 C. Legs (Figure 4 D): fore tibia with 20 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 12 Mm long tibial combs, one mid tibial comb with 30 Mm long spur, one hind tibial comb with 25 – 35, 32 Mm long spur; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 4 E, F): anal tergite 82 – 97, 90 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; two to five strong median setae at some distance from anal point base, one or two small setae near anal point base, one lateral seta, 16 – 20, 19 apical setae; anal point 40 – 50, 43 Mm long, basally 10 Mm broad, with long, well-developed crests which end close to anal point apex; 10 – 22, 16 strong spinulae and microtrichia between anal crests; microtrichia free area on each side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 80 – 87, 85 Mm long; gonostylus 50 – 58, 54 Mm long; HR 1.46 – 1.64, 1.57. Superior volsella (Figure 4 F) somewhat rectangular with medially pointed apex, five or six dorsal and two median setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 50 – 55, 54 Mm long, posteriorly curved, stem extensively branched, reaching three-quarters length of inferior volsella, covered with microtrichia, a few simple lamellae along median margin; inferior volsella 70 – 77, 75 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female, pupa, and larva. Unknown. Remarks Stempellinella brevilamellae has been recorded only from its type locality in China (Guo and Wang 2005). The immature stages and their habitat remain unknown, but the larvae probably construct small, straight transportable cases of sand and detritus like the morphologically similar species in South Africa and Japan.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B1CFF95FF2C01888248F943.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined Finland: 4 „„ (ZMUH) Lake Puruvesi, 18 June 1960, 4 July 1961, 17 July 1957, B. Lindeberg; 1 „ (ZMUH) Tampere, Särkijärvi, 18 July 1982, J. Tuiskunen; 4 „„ (ZSM) Keitela, 10 August 1967, F. Reiss. Germany (ZSM): 3 L Hessen, Schlitz, Breitenbach, 25 May 1988, B. Wolf; 2 L as previous except 30 August 1988, U. Nolte; 1 „ as previous, except emergence house, 20 July 1971, M. Siebert; 18 „„, 7 ♀♀, 1 P „, 3 P („), 5 P (♀), 22 Pex, Hessen, Fulda, Wasserkuppe, 3 May 1953, 4 May 1953, 7 May 1953, 26 June 1953, 1 July 1953, 13 August 1953, 3 October 1953, E. J. Fittkau; 2 L Bavaria, München, Pullach, Convenz-Bach, 20 May 1983, E. G. Burmeister; 1 P „, 2 Pex Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Windgfällweiher at Altglashütten, 966 m a. s. l., 6 June 1953, 27 June 1953, W. Wülker; 5 „„, 1 ♀, 2 P („), 4 Pex, 1 L, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sauerland, 1952, H. Dittmar. Norway: 1 P („) (PHL) Buskerud, Hol, Holvaervatnet, 1181 m a. s. l., 29 July 1993, P. H. Langton; 1 „ (ZSM) Oppland, Øystre Sildre, Øvre Heimdalsvatn, 14 July 1972, J. Brittain and A. Lillehammer; 1 „ (ZSM) Oppland, Lom, Lom, and Øye, 18 July 1958, J. Clastrier; ZMBN: 1 „, MØre og Romsdal, Volda, LitlabØvatn, 26 July 1986, Ø. A. Schnell; 1 „, Rogaland, Bjerkreim, river at Tengs camping, 25 May 1988, Ø. A. Schnell; 1 „, Hordaland, Øygarden, Storavatn at tunnel, 25 May 1987, at light, T. Andersen; 2 Pex, Hordaland, Bergen, Frotveitvatn, 25 August 1987, drift, H. Saegrov and Ø. A. Schnell; 2 P („), Hordaland, River Ekse, 26 July 1989, drift, Ø. A. Schnell; 1 P („), 1 Pex, Sogn and Fjordane, Vik, Selhamarvatn, 2 August 1992, 10 August 1992, Ø. A. Schnell; 2 „„, Sogn og Fjordane, Aurland, Stream between Aurlandsvatnet and NesbØvatnet, 21 July 2001, T. Ekrem; 1 „ Hordaland, Kvam, TØrrvikvatn, 24 July 2001, G. A. Halvorsen; 1 „ Aust Agder, Bykle, Otra at GlitbjØrg, 29 June 2001, T. Ekrem; 2 L, Aust Agder, Åmli, Skjeggedalsåna, station 1, 6 October 1998, G. A. Halvorsen; LP („), Vest Agder, Vågsbygd, Kjosbekken at Storevann; 1 „ Vest Agder, SØgne, SØgneelva at SØgne Gamle Kirke, 4 July 2001, T. Ekrem; VM: 14 „„ Nord TrØndelag, HØylandet, Skiftesåa, 18 June 1986, 15 August 1968, 9 July 1988, 2 July 1988, 25 June 1988, 23 June 1987, 1 July 1987, 21 August 1988, 25 June 1986, 1 July 1986, 8 August 1986, 18 June 1986, 25 June 1988, 17 July 1988, K. Aagaard; 2 „„ Oppland, Øystre Sildre, Øvre Heimdalsvatn, 29 July 1972, J. Brittain and A. Lillehammer. Portugal (ZSM): 1 „, Ribeira d’Alge, Campel (Figuero dos Vinhos), 21 May 1982, L. Whytton da Terra; 1 Pex, Reservoir Vita de Ponte, 17 April 1984, drift, E. J. Fittkau. Scotland: 1 P („) (PHL) Loch Ard., 17 August 1983, P. H. Langton. Spain: 1 „ (ZSM) Caceres Rivera de Gata, at Villas buenas, 400 m a. s. l., 9 – 10 July 1987, W. Schacht. Sweden (ZSM): 2 „„ Jämtland, Stora Blåsjön, L. Brundin. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella brevis can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters. Adult male with wing length ca 1.3 mm, 3.2 times longer than broad; AR about 0.8; frontal tubercles large, conical; anal point with several (4 – 10) small spinulae between u-shaped crests; few (4 – 7) median tergite setae of which a few small sometimes are placed close to anal point; median volsella without microtrichiae, with fan of simple lamellae. Adult female with AR 0.26 – 0.32; vaginal floor large, covering more than half of vagina ventrally; spermathecal ducts longer than notum and rami combined; rami as long as notum; diameter of seminal capsules lower than length of notum; coxosternapodeme without anterolateral lobe. Pupa with moderately developed, conical cephalic tubercles; thoracic horn long and thin with numerous small chaetae scattered on middle one-third; posterior precorneal somewhat shorter than anterior and posterior precorneals; thorax with scattered sculpturing anteriorly; anterior dorsocentrals of same length as posterior dorsocentrals; point patches on tergite II small, starting at level of seta D 5; anal lobe with 15 – 16 taeniae. Larva with moderate (ca 24 Mm long), digitiform spur on antennal pedestal; AR 0.77 – 0.87; S 3 split in three or four branches; distal Lauterborn organ pedicel twice as long as basal Lauterborn organ pedicel. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.6 – 2.0, 1.7 mm; wing length 1.13 – 1.44, 1.30 mm. Colour: head pale brown with dark pedicels and eyes; thorax with pale brown ground colour, dark brown scutal stripes, brown postnotum, preepisternum, and median anepisternum, scutellum pale, halteres pale; abdomen pale brown. Head (Figure 5 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 11 – 15, 14 Mm long; antenna (Figure 5 C) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.80 – 0.91, 0.84; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 21 – 27, 24; 25 – 30, 29; 65 – 75, 72; 82 – 102, 92; 122 – 150, 134. Clypeus about 50 Mm long with 10 – 14, 11 setae; tentorium ca 94 Mm long, 16 Mm wide; three inner verticals, three or four outer verticals, two or three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 13 – 17, 15; dorsocentrals 6 – 9, 7; humerals 1 – 3, 2; prealars 1 – 2; scutellars 6 – 11, 9; halterals 5 – 9, 7. Wing (Figure 5 C): cuneiform, 3.0 – 3.3, 3.2 times longer than broad; VR 1.48 – 1.56, 1.51; wing setation as in Figure 5 C. Legs (Figure 5 D): fore tibia with 11 – 19, 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 11 – 14, 12 Mm long combs, one mid tibial comb with 25 – 36, 31 Mm long spur, one hind tibial comb with 29 – 36, 33 Mm long spur; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 5 E, F): anal tergite 111 – 129, 118 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; four to seven median tergite setae, sometimes some smaller setae placed close to anal point base, one lateral seta, 24 – 30, 27 apical setae; anal point 48 – 51, 50 Mm long, basally 8 – 12, 10 Mm broad with well-developed crests, anal point distally thin and pointed; 4 – 10, 7 small spinulae between crests on anal point; small microtrichia-free areas present at base of anal point. Gonocoxite 75 – 96, 85 Mm long; gonostylus 52 – 66, 58 Mm long; HR 1.44 – 1.48, 1.46. Superior volsella (Figure 5 F) oval with posteromedially directed apical point, with five or six dorsal and two median setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 27 – 38, 32 Mm long, posteromedially directed, stem simple, bare, with fan of simple 22 – 27, 24 Mm long lamellae; inferior volsella ca 65 Mm long, club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia, basal wart absent. Adult female (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.1 – 1.3, 1.2 (n 54) mm; wing length 1.08 – 1.18, 1.14 mm. Colour: pale yellow-green. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles 6 – 10, 7 Mm long; antenna (Figure 5 G) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 57 – 72, 62 Mm long, AR 0.26 – 0.33, 0.30; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 21 – 24, 22; 24 – 30, 27; 57 – 67, 61; 75 – 87, 83; 110 – 129, 119. Clypeus with 9 – 10 setae. Thorax: acrostichals 15 – 18, 16; dorsocentrals 6 – 8, 7; humerals 3 – 6, 4; prealars 1; scutellars 6 – 7; halterals 5 – 6. Wing: as male, except 2.8 – 2.9 times longer than broad. VR 1.43 – 1.48, 1.46. Legs: as male. Genitalia (Figure 5 H): tergite IX semicircular, 36 – 54, 43 Mm long; sternite VIII with 20 (n 52) setae, of which two are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor large, covering half of vaginal opening ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious posterior lobe. Notum including rami 105 – 120, 115 (n 54) Mm long, notum alone ca 60 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 34 – 57, 50 Mm with ca 165 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus 45 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.4 – 2.8, 2.6 mm; abdomen 1.9 – 2.3, 2.1 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII and anal lobe. Cephalothorax (Figure 6 A, B): cephalic tubercle moderately developed, broad conical, 14 – 30, 22 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 110 – 165, 133 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 360 – 432, 386 Mm long, 18 – 21, 20 Mm wide with 6 – 12, 8 Mm long chaetae scattered on middle one-third; precorneals taeniate, arranged in almost a row on obvious mound, anterior and median setae ca 200 Mm long, posterior seta ca 150 Mm long, all three placed at about equal distance from each other; median antepronotal taeniate, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair 33 – 36 Mm and 20 – 21 Mm long, posterior pair 30 Mm and 20 – 21 Mm long. Area of fine sculpturing anteriorly on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath well developed. Abdomen (Figure 6 C): TII with small triangular posteromedian point patches which start slightly anteriorly to seta D 5; hook row 75 – 90, 81 Mm wide with 36 – 46, 37 hooks. TIII – VI with large, p - shaped point patches; TVII – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 – 3 simple and 0 – 1 semi-taeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 15 – 16 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VIII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleura III – V with small field of weak shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.6 – 2.8, 2.7 (n 53) mm long, case ca 3.2 mm long. Head capsule brown, somewhat darker postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live specimens yellow. Head (Figure 6 D – I): AR 0.77 – 0.87, 0.83; antennal pedestal 75 Mm long with welldeveloped, 23 – 30, 25 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 6 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 60 – 72, 65; 45 – 54, 49; 12 – 15, 13; 11 – 12; 4 – 6, 5; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 1.14 – 1.25, 1.19 (n 54). Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade 100 – 120, 107 Mm long, pale, reaching well beyond tip of distal Lauterborn organ; peg of antennal segment 2 placed subapically on segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 16 – 21, 18 Mm long; proximal organ placed close to base of segment 2 on 9 – 12, 10 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 19 – 27, 22 Mm long pedicel; SII slightly plumose, chaetae pectinate, chaetulae simple; S 3 split in three or four branches (Figure 6 E); pecten epipharyngis consist of three well-developed chaetae and a broad anterior scale; labral lamella with 19 – 24, 22 (n 53) teeth. Mentum (Figure 6 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth with weak lateral notches, somewhat paler, all lateral teeth set in equal distance to each other; ventromental plates medially reaching third lateral tooth of mentum, MVR 1.11 – 1.22, 1.17; premandible (Figure 6 G) with two teeth, well-developed brush; mandible with pecten mandibularis slightly convex (Figure 6 H), seta subdentalis 42 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 6 I) narrow, split in middle. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 16 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal tubules 60 – 70, 63 (n 53) Mm long; supraanal seta strong, 180 – 270, 240 (n 53) Mm long; procercus ca 25 Mm long with two short (ca 120 Mm long) and four long (ca 520 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks A lectotype is designated to stabilize the species’ nomenclature for the future.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B1AFF9EFF2C057281E4FBAA.taxon	description	Stempellina chambiensis (Goetghebuer). Freeman (1958) lectotype designation, description, and distribution. Additional material examined Argentina (ZSM): 1 Pex, Prov. Missiones, INTA km 1272 near San Vincente, 1 November 1986, E. Dominguez. Australia (ZSM): 1 „, Queensland, Walsh River, 8 km E Dimbulah, light trap, 7 – 8 June 1993, M. and B. Baehr; 1 Pex, Queensland, Yabba Creek, 10 km NE Imbil, 21 November 1990, M. Baehr. Brazil: 1 P („), 3 Pex (UFSC) Brazil, São Paulo, São Carlos, Fazzari stream, May 2004, July 2004, T. Siqueira; 1 „, 1 ♀, 1 Pex, 1 Lex, 4 L as previous, except 19 August 2002, March 2003, F. Roque; 1 „ (ZSM) Amazonas, Rio Cuieiras, Igarape´, 300 m below Cachoeira dos Indios, 29 July 1965, E. J. Fittkau; 4 Pex (ZSM) Amazonas, Chavantina Caximbu, Igarapé Vale dos Antas, 18 August 1965, E. J. Fittkau; 1 Pex (ZSM) Amazonas, Tiriyae, drift, 22 – 23 March 1962, E. J. Fittkau; LP ♀, 1 Pex (ZSM) São Paulo State, São Carlos, stream on university campus, 30 November 1996, F. Reiss and E. J. Fittkau; 2 L (ZSM) Mato Grosso, Rio Bento Gomes, Campo Alegre, spring, 4 May 1993, E. Stur; 3 L as previous, except at Filisterra, 31 August 1993; 4 (ZSM) Pex, Rio Grande du Sul, Taquara, Arroio do Mineiro, 100 m a. s. l., 12 March 1995, S. Wiedenbrug; 2 Pex as previous except cidade de Mato Leitão, Arroio do Sampaio, 400 m a. s. l., 29 November 1994. China (ZSM): 1 Pex, Yunnan Province, Tri Ping Fung, Mung Lun, 28 May 1980, E. J. Fittkau. Congo (RMCA): 1 ♀, Escarpement Kabasha, Chambi, October 1933, De Wulf. Philippines (ZSM): 1 „, Palawan, Babuyan River, light trap, 5 – 6 April 1995, Cayasan, W. Mey. South Africa (AMGS): 3 „„, 2 ♀♀, Krüger National Park, Sabie River opposite Lisbon estate, 24 ° 599 S, 31 ° 279 E, 13 June 1986. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella chambiensis can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: male imago with AR ca 0.5; anal point long, thin, with comparatively low crests; base of anal point with two to four median tergite setae and numerous groups of three or four long microtrichia; lateral anal tergite seta present; median volsella medially directed, without microtrichia, with short, anally curved lamellae. Female imago with AR 0.25 – 0.30; VR 1.35 – 1.64; well-developed vaginal floor, covering ca onethird of vagina ventrally, with setae; cerci shorter than tergite IX; spermathecal ducts as long as notum (excluding rami). Pupa with strongly granulose frontal apotome and thorax; thoracic horn with numerous small but strong chaetae on distal two-thirds; hook row with ca 25 teeth; few but long points in patches on abdominal tergites III – VI; segment VIII with two (or sometimes three) lateral taeniate setae. Larva with large spur on antennal pedestal; AR lower than 0.8; antennal segment 5 as long as antennal segment 4; antennal blade extending far beyond apex of antennal segment 5; Lauterborn organs large with minute pedicels; premandible with three teeth; S 3 split in three branches. Redescription Adult male (n 5 6, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.0 – 1.2, 1.1 mm; wing length 0.70 – 0.75, 0.74 mm. Colour: cleared specimens pale brown with somewhat darker scutal stripes and postnotum, eyes red with darker ventral margin. Head (Figure 7 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle small, 3 – 7, 5 Mm long; antenna with 12 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.48 – 0.50, 0.49 (n 54); lengths of palpomeres (n 52): 15 – 20, 15 – 20, 39 – 45, 59 – 65, 80 – 88. Clypeus about 40 Mm long with seven setae; tentorium ca 65 Mm long, 5 Mm wide; two inner verticals, one outer vertical, two postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 12, 11; dorsocentrals 4 – 5; humerals 1 – 2; prealars 1; scutellars 2 – 4; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 7 C): cuneiform, 2.8 – 3.0 times longer than broad; VR 1.60 – 1.75, 1.67; wing setation as in Figure 7 C. Legs (Figure 7 D): fore tibia with 10 – 15, 13 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with two well separated, 8 Mm long tibial combs, each with 17 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 7 E, F): anal tergite 63 – 70 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band, two median setae close to anal point, one lateral seta, 14 – 18, 16 apical setae; anal point ca 30 Mm long, basally broad with low crests, distally thin and pointed; base of anal point with numerous groups of three to five long microtrichia which look like spinules under low magnification; minute microtrichia-free areas on either side of anal point. Gonocoxite 54 – 66, 58 Mm long; gonostylus 30 – 39, 35 Mm long; HR 1.46 – 1.83, 1.68. Superior volsella (Figure 7 F) oval, medially directed with four dorsal and three median setae on setiger, otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella ca 30 Mm long, medially directed, without microtrichia, with fan of 15 Mm long, anally directed lamellae; inferior volsella ca 40 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with several distal setae. Adult female (n 5 4, unless otherwise stated) tentatively associated. Total length 1.0 – 1.2, 1.1 (n 53); wing length 0.59 – 0.80, 0.71. Colour: as male. Head: as male, except antenna (Figure 7 G) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 36 – 40, 39 Mm long, AR 0.25 – 0.29, 0.27; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 10 – 20, 15; 15 – 20, 18; 30 – 40, 35; 45 – 57, 53; 73 – 85, 77. Clypeus with seven to nine setae. Thorax: as male, except humerals sometimes absent. Wing: as male, except VR somewhat lower 1.35 – 1.64, 1.52. Legs: as male except combs and spurs 2 – 3 Mm longer. Genitalia (Figure 7 H): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 45 Mm long; sternite VIII with 12 – 14 setae, of which three or four are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor well developed covering ca one-third of vagina ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long medially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with large lateral lobe. Notum including rami 90 – 105, 97 Mm long, notum alone ca 65 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 30 – 36, 32 Mm with 60 – 75, 67 (n 53) Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate subtriangular. Cercus 24 – 27, 25 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.6 – 1.7 mm; abdomen 1.2 – 1.3 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae brown with somewhat darker cephalothorax and lateral margins on abdominal segments V – IX, transverse brown pigmented band posteriorly on segment VIII. Cephalothorax (Figure 8 A, B): cephalic tubercle well-developed cones, 18 – 24, 22 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 150 – 200, 179 (n 54) Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Frontal apotome with strong granulation (Figure 8 A). Thoracic horn 200 – 285, 234 Mm long, 15 – 24, 18 Mm wide with numerous 6 Mm long chaetae on distal two-thirds of horn; precorneals taeniate, 150 – 210, 180 Mm long, arranged in a triangular pattern on small tubercles; median antepronotal taeniate on obvious tubercle, ca 180 Mm long, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, ca 100 Mm long, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair somewhat longer than posterior pair (30 – 45, 38 Mm). Large area of granulation and fine wrinkles on thorax (Figure 8 B), a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong, triangular. Abdomen (Figure 8 C): TII with minute, semicircular posteromedian point patch; hook row 45 – 55, 51 Mm wide with 22 – 30, 25 hooks. TIII – VI with point patches which are partly divided longitudinally, patches on TV – VI often also transversely divided in middle; TVI – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen; pleurae on segment IV – V with weak shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 – 3 V, 1 – 2 L, 1 – 2 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 2 – 3 V, 1 – 2 L, 1 – 2 taeniate L setae; segment V with 2 D, 2 – 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI with 2 D, 2 – 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae; segment VII with 3 D, 2 – 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae; segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 2 taeniate L setae (three taeniae in the Australian, Chinese, and five Brazilian specimens); segment IX with 1 taeniate D seta on anal lobe, 11 – 16, 14 (n 56) taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VIII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 1.3 mm, case ca 1.7 mm. Head capsule pale brown, somewhat darker postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals not examined. Head (Figure 8 D – I): head capsule length 155 – 180, 165 Mm. AR 0.66 – 0.75, 0.72; antennal pedestal 39 – 48, 45 Mm long with well-developed, 18 – 22, 21 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 8 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 42 – 45, 44; 30 – 36, 34; 10 – 12, 11; 10 – 12, 12; 4 – 6, 5; segment 3 inserted very slightly subapical on segment 2; AAR 0.93 – 1.14, 1.03. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade ca 80 Mm long, pale, reaching well beyond tip of apical Lauterborn organ; peg of antennal segment 2 placed subapically on segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 18 – 21, 19 Mm long; both organs on 2 – 3 Mm long pedicel; SII and chaetae pectinate, chaetulae simple; S 3 usually split in three branches (Figure 8 E); pecten epipharyngis consists of three well-developed, pointed chaetae; labral lamella with 22 – 26 (n 53) teeth. Mentum (Figure 8 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth with obvious lateral notches, somewhat paler, first lateral tooth set closer to median tooth than to second lateral tooth; ventromental plates medially barely reaching third lateral tooth of mentum, MVR ca 1.2; premandible (Figure 8 G) with three teeth, well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 6 H) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 30 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 8 I) well developed, split. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 14 – 20, 15 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal segment with four narrow anal tubules, ca 65 Mm long; supraanal seta strong, ca 220 Mm long; procercus ca 15 Mm long with two short (ca 100 Mm long) and four long (ca 470 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks As Freeman (1958, p 353) noted, several of the syntypes belonging to Thienemanniella chambiensis and T. trivittata must have been wrongly labelled at some point. I largely agree with Freeman’s (1956, 1958) decision in designing and sorting the true types, with the exception that I will not regard the female, but the male from Kabasha as paralectotype. The female specimen is not included in Goetghebuer’s (1935, p 52) original description, but the male is and should be regarded as belonging to the original type series. I have also examined the two additional specimens listed by Freeman, one male from Amadi, Sudan and one male from Nelspruit in Transvaal. Neither of these is conspecific with Stempellinella chambiensis, and both fit the diagnosis of Stempellina given in Cranston et al. (1989). Males of Stempellinella chambiensis are quite similar to the males of the Palaearctic S. edwardsi, the Japanese S. coronata, and the Neotropic S. lamellata, but can be separated from all these species by the above combination of diagnostic characters. The pupal exuviae are perhaps most similar to those of S. leptocelloides, but can be separated from these by the more granulose frontal apotome and thorax, and the shorter frontal tubercles. The species has so far been recorded from Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and South America typically in and along slow-flowing rivers and streams with a pH of around 7. The Tri Ping Fung area (China) was at the time of sampling a small primary forest on limestone formations. The river water was clear and the river bank was lined with large boulders and coarse gravel (E. J. Fittkau, personal communication). Stempellinella chambiensis larvae were quite numerous in sandy and stony parts of the Rio Bento Gomes (Stempellinella in Stur 2000), and occurred at the spring as well as in the fourthorder stream. The Rio Bento Gomes shows large seasonal fluctuations in the water level, and S. chambiensis appeared to be most numerous in periods of reduced water flow at the end of August (Stur 2000). The two Australian localities where S. chambiensis has been sampled are quite different. The stream in Yabba Creek north of Brisbane is small and shaded, while Walsh River east of Dimbulah lays in a more tropical, dry area and has less vegetation lining its banks (M. Baehr, personal communication). The Fazzari stream in São Paulo State, Brazil is a first-order stream surrounded by a well-preserved riparian forest. The water has a high level of dissolved oxygen, low conductivity, and temperatures ranging from 15 to 21 ° C, while the stream bed is characterized by a predominance of organic material in the bottom substrate (F. Roque, personal communication). The larvae of S. chambiensis build small transportable cases of sand grains and organic particles as in the remainder of the species in the genus. Compared with the other species in Stempellinella, S. chambiensis has an extraordinarily wide distribution. Thus, it is tempting to question the conspecificity of the sampled populations. However, I have not been able to observe any morphological differences between the sampled specimens large enough to be diagnostic, and therefore choose to treat the examined specimens as one species until observed genetic variation between the geographically separate populations proves otherwise.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B10FFA0FF2C07E58202FA3D.taxon	description	Stempellinella sp. 1. Ekrem (2005) pupal behaviour.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B10FFA0FF2C07E58202FA3D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined Austria: 1 „, 6 Pex (ZSM) as lectotype; 1 Pex (SM), Oberösterreich, Attersee, boat harbour, 7 August 1996, S. Michiels; 1 Pex (VM) as previous except Alexenauer Bach 0.6 km at Attersee, 4 August 1997; 1 Pex (SM), Salzkammergut, Klausenbach, spring brook, 600 m a. s. l., S. Michiels, 8 August 1997; 1 Pex as previous except Klausenbach near Attersee; 1 Pex (VM) as previous except Moosbach at Schwarzensee, 750 m a. s. l. France: 1 Pex (ZSM), Alps, Le Cians, 400 m a. s. l., 11 September 1996, drift, W. Schacht; 2 P („), 1 „ (PHL), Corsica, Corte´, Gorges de la Restonica, 5 July 1995, H. Laville. Germany (ZSM): 1 „, Bavaria, Mindelsee (Bodenseee), 11 May 1963, F. Reiss; 3 „„, Bavaria, Fürstenfeldbruck, Schöngeising, Kellerbach, 24 July 1992, 1 – 6 September 1991, W. Schacht; 1 „, Bavaria, Bodensee, Überlingen, Deisendorfer Weiher, 22 May 1966, F. Reiss; 1 „, Bavaria, Allgäu, Füssen, Weissensee, 29 June to 2 July 1965, F. Reiss; 2 Pex, Bavaria, Puppling; 1 „, Bavaria, Berchtesgaden National Park, Herrenroint, spring # 308, 18 November 1996, I. Schrankel; 1 „ as previous except spring brook, 6 September 1996, I. Schrankel; 1 „, 2 Pex, Bavaria, Königsee, drift, 11 September 1986, R. Gerstmeier. Luxembourg: 1 „ (VM, To 159), Gutland, SW Kopstal, rheocrene spring # qu 25, netting, 265 m a. s. l., 8 July 2003, T. Ekrem; 2 LP („), 3 LP (♀), 2 L as previous except benthos sample 6 May 2005, emergence 18 May 2005, 21 May 2005, 31 May 2005; 19 „„ (MGDL) as previous except emergence trap E 7, 4 May 1999, 18 May 1999, 1 June 1999, 15 June 1999, 29 June 1999, 13 July 1999, 27 July 1999, 10 August 1999, I. Schrankel; 1 LP („) (VM, To 169) Schlennerbach, emergence, 12 June 2005, P. Martin. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella ciliaris can be separated from other species in Stempellinella by the following combination of characters. Adult male with AR ca 0.80; superior volsella with medially pointed apex and two median setae; anal point long and slightly triangular with long, strong crests which end far distal on the anal point, several long spinulae between crests; lamellae of median volsella almost reaching apex of inferior volsellae. Adult female with large seminal capsules, diameter as large or larger than length of notum excluding rami and considerably larger than length of cercus; small vaginal floor, covering ca one-quarter of vaginal opening ventrally; gonocoxapodeme strongly curved. Pupa with low, broad conical cephalic tubercles; chaetae distributed evenly on distal two-thirds of thoracic horn; shagreen on pleura IV; anterior patches or transverse band of points on tergite VII. Larva with moderate (ca 20 Mm long), digitiform spur on antennal pedestal; antennal segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; antennal blade reaching beyond apex of distal Lauterborn organ; AR 0.87 – 0.97, 0.91; AAR about 1.20; S 3 split in three branches; distal Lauterborn organ on longer pedicel. Description Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.5 – 1.7, 1.6 mm; wing length 1.14 – 1.27, 1.21 mm. Colour: yellow-brown ground colour with light brown scutal stripes, postnotum and preepisternum; abdomen paler than thorax; antennal pedicels dark brown dorsally; eyes brown, darker ventrally. Head (Figure 9 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 9 – 18, 13 Mm long; antenna with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.75 – 0.84, 0.80; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 18 – 24, 21; 21 – 27, 24; 60 – 72, 65; 84 – 93, 88; 114 – 132, 124 (n 54). Clypeus about 45 – 50 Mm long with 8 – 12, 10 setae; tentorium ca 90 Mm long, 18 Mm wide; three inner verticals, three outer verticals, three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 11 – 14, 13; dorsocentrals 5 – 7, 6; humerals 0 – 4, 1; prealars 1; scutellars 6; halterals 5 – 6. Wing (Figure 9 C): cuneiform, 2.9 – 3.1, 3.0 times longer than broad; VR 1.56 – 1.67, 1.62; wing setation as in Figure 9 C. Legs (Figure 9 D): fore tibia with 14 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 12 – 14 Mm long tibial combs, one mid tibial comb with 30 Mm long spur, one hind tibial comb with 34 Mm long spur; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 9 E, F): anal tergite 96 – 114, 102 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; four to seven, five strong median setae at some distance from anal point base and usually one or two small median setae close to anal point base, one lateral seta, 16 – 20, 19 apical setae; anal point 42 – 50, 47, 33 Mm long, basally 12 Mm broad with long, well-developed crests which end close to anal point apex; 9 – 14, 12 long spinulae between anal crests; microtrichia-free area on each side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 87 – 99, 91 Mm long; gonostylus 60 – 75, 63 Mm long; HR 1.32 – 1.50, 1.45. Superior volsella (Figure 9 F) with strongly tapered, medially directed apex, with four or five dorsal and two median, long setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 30 – 36, 35 Mm long, straight, posteromedially directed, stem simple with numerous simple 30 – 36, 32 Mm long lamellae which almost reach apex of inferior volsella; inferior volsella ca 54 – 69, 61 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia, obvious microtrichose wart basally on inferior volsella. Adult female (n 5 3, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.3 (n 51) mm; wing length 0.84 (n 51) mm. Colour: as male, except slightly paler. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles shorter, ca 6 Mm long; antenna (Figure 9 G) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 45 – 54, 51 Mm long, AR 0.21 – 0.33, 0.27; lengths of palpomeres (n 52, in Mm): 21; 21 – 24; 45 – 54; 66 – 72; 105 – 120. Clypeus with 8 – 11, 9 setae. Thorax: acrostichals 11 – 17, 13; dorsocentrals 5; humerals 1 – 4, 2; prealars 1; scutellars 6; halterals 6. Wing (n 51): as male, except 3.2 times longer than broad, VR 1.55. Legs: as male, except two sensilla chaetica distally on mid tarsomere 1. Genitalia (Figure 9 H): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 30 – 35 Mm long; sternite VIII with 18 – 26, 22 setae, of which none or one are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor small, covering ca one-quarter of vaginal opening ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme strongly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 102 – 114, 108 Mm long, notum alone ca 60 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, large, diameter 60 – 66, 63 Mm with 165 – 200, 182 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate subtriangular. Cercus 30 – 39, 34 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.7 – 2.1, 1.8 mm; abdomen 1.2 – 1.6, 1.4 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII and anal lobe. Cephalothorax (Figure 10 A, B): cephalic tubercles moderately developed, low, broad conical, 15 – 25, 20 Mm long (Figure 10 A); frontal setae taeniate, 75 – 120, 100 (n 52) Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 225 – 315, 261 Mm long, 15 – 24, 20 Mm wide with 6 Mm long chaetae evenly distributed on distal two-thirds; precorneals taeniate, ca 100 – 120 Mm long, arranged in a slight triangle on obvious mound, anterior two placed closer together; median antepronotal taeniate, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, all about 25 – 30 Mm long. Area of fine sculpturing anteriorly on thorax (Figure 10 B), a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong. Abdomen (Figure 10 C): TII with triangular posteriomedian point patch posteriorly to seta D 1; hook row 50 – 66, 59 Mm wide with 23 – 31, 27 hooks. TIII – VI with p - shaped point patches; TVII with anterior patches or transverse band of points; TVII – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 2 L and 1 semitaeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 L, 1 semi-taeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 13 – 16, 14 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleura IV with shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 1.4 – 1.8 (n 52) mm, case ca 3 mm. Head capsule brown, somewhat darker postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals with yellow body colour. Head (Figure 10 D – I): AR 0.87 – 0.97, 0.91; antennal pedestal 75 – 80, 78 Mm long with well-developed, 18 – 24, 20 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 10 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 60 – 66, 64; 42 – 45, 44; 10 – 12, 11; 9 – 12, 10; 5; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 1.14 – 1.33, 1.21. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade ca 93 – 96 Mm long, pale, reaching beyond tip of distal Lauterborn organ; peg of antennal segment 2 placed subapically on segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 15 – 21, 19 Mm long; proximal organ placed close to base of segment 2 on 9 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 15 – 24, 19 Mm long pedicel; SII slightly plumose, chaetae pectinate, chaetulae simple; S 3 split in three branches (Figure 10 E); pecten epipharyngis consist of three well-developed chaetae and a broad anterior scale; labral lamella with 20 – 26, 23 (n 53) teeth. Mentum (Figure 10 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth with weak lateral notches, somewhat paler, all lateral teeth set in equal distance to each other; ventromental plates medially barely reaching second lateral tooth of mentum, MVR 1.12 – 1.19, 1.17; premandible (Figure 10 G) with two teeth, well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 10 H) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 42 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 10 I) narrow, split in middle. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 14 – 18, 16 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal segment with four narrow anal tubules, 58 Mm long; supraanal seta strong, ca 235 Mm long; procercus ca 24 Mm long with two short (ca 150 Mm long) and four long (ca 575 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks The type material was collected in Meiergraben near Lunz by F. Gouin and A. Thienemann 1941 – 1943, and Thienemann’s field notes (in ZSM) indicate that they found numerous ‘‘ Zavrelia - type’ ’ larvae which were reared. At least one male and one female from this rearing were sent to Goetghebuer for identification. A male and a female on one pin with the labels ‘‘ Stempellina ciliaris n. sp. ’’ and ‘‘ Meiergraben (Autr 1943 D r Thienemann) ’’ in Goetghebuer’s handwriting, but without a type label, were found in the Goetghebuer collection in RBINS. These two specimens fit the original description of S. ciliaris (Goetghebuer 1944), except that the male antenna is lost, the female antenna has five flagellomeres and the label bears the name of Thienemann instead of Gouin. However, the male antenna could have been lost after description, and the female antenna has a long first flagellomere with two circles of setae and the paralectotype first antennal flagellomere has both median and distal chaetae. Thus, the flagellum probably has erroneously been interpreted as six-segmented (see Goetghebuer 1944, Figure 2 b). Thienemann and Gouin worked closely together in Lunz (A. Thienemann, field notes; E. J. Fittkau, personal communication) and it is reasonable to believe that Goetghebuer got material collected by both Thienemann and Gouin for identification. The two individuals were most certainly examined by Goetghebuer before the description of S. ciliaris and are considered to be part of the type material despite the small discrepancies with the original description. The male is best preserved and is here designated lectotype to stabilize nomenclature. There are three slides with four males, one female, four pupae, nine pupal exuviae, and one larva, and an alcohol vial with two males, one female, three pupal exuviae, and one larva in ZSM which bear the sample number and dates from Thienemann’s and Gouin’s notes from Meiergraben. Six of the pupal exuviae are conspecific with S. ciliaris, while six are conspecific with S. flavidula. The pupal exuviae conspecific with S. ciliaris are thus not regarded as part of the type series, since they cannot be directly linked to the male and female types in the Goetghebuer collection.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B10FFA0FF2C07E58202FA3D.taxon	materials_examined	Stempellinella ciliaris has been recorded from Austria, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Romania, but previous records of S. flavidula or S. brevis could actually be S. ciliaris, as these species are quite similar in the adult and immature stages. The abovedescribed species can be separated from S. flavidula by longer spines on the anal point and a longer median volsella in the adult male; a smaller vaginal floor and shorter seminal ducts in the adult female; smaller cephalic tubercles, more chaetae on the thoracic horn and presence of anterior point patches on tergite VII in the pupa; and a higher AAR and longer antennal blade in the larvae. The observed differences in the adult female and larva are small and might not be diagnostic as more material is examined. The larvae of S. ciliaris build small, straight, transportable cases of sand and detritus, and are typically found in calcareous springs and spring brooks. The pupae of this species have been observed to use the posterolateral spur of the abdominal segment VIII to aid splitting of the thorax at adult emergence (Ekrem 2005). The species is a recorded host for larvae of the water mite Atracides fonticolus (K. Viets) in a calcareous spring in Luxembourg (Stur et al. 2005).	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B2EFFA6FF2C0555816CFB71.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Japan (VM): 1 „, 3 ♀♀, Hiroshima, Yasuno, Senba, Ohta River, 21 October 2003, E. Inoue [locus typicus]. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella coronata can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: male imago with AR ca 0.5 – 0.6; anal point long, thin, with comparatively very weak crests; small median anal tergite setae sometimes present close to anal point base; anal point base with numerous groups of three or four strong microtrichia; lateral anal tergite seta absent; median volsella posteriorly curved, without microtrichia, with fan of simple, anally directed lamellae (Inoue et al. 2004, Figure 5 B). Female imago with AR 0.25 – 0.37; VR 1.58 – 1.70; well-developed vaginal floor, covering ca one-half of vaginal opening ventrally, with setae; seminal capsules small (diameter ca half of notum length); spermathecal ducts longer than notum excluding rami. Redescription Adult male is thoroughly described by Inoue et al. (2004), and only a few additional observations are added here: hypopygium (Figure 11 A) without lateral seta on anal tergite, with two median setae and ca 16 apical setae including lateral setae on anal point. Adult female (n 5 3, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.0 – 1.2, 1.1 mm; wing length 0.85 – 0.86, 0.86 mm. Colour: as male. Head: as male, except antenna (Figure 11 B) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 45 – 51, 48 Mm long, AR 0.25 – 0.37, 0.30; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 18 – 21, 19; 18 – 21, 19; 45; 60 – 66, 63; 66 – 93, 80. Clypeus with 12 – 19, 15 setae. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 13, 11; dorsocentrals 5 – 6; humerals 1 – 2; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 6; halterals 5. Wing: as male. VR 1.58 – 1.70, 1.62. Legs: as male. Fore tarsi were missing on all examined specimens. Genitalia (Figure 11 C): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 36 Mm long; sternite VIII with 12 – 16, 14 setae, of which three or four are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor large, covering ca one-half of vagina ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved, reaching lobe of gonapophysis VIII; coxosternapodeme well developed with large lateral lobe. Notum including rami 114 – 120, 116 Mm long, notum alone ca 60 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 30 – 36, 34 Mm with 75 – 105, 80 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate subtriangular. Cercus 36 – 39 Mm long. Pupa and larva. Unknown. Remarks Females were associated with males by 98.7 – 100 % similarity in 666 base pairs of the mitochondrial COI gene. Stempellinella coronata is most similar to the Afrotropical S. chambiensis and the Palaearctic S. edwardsi (see Remarks under S. chambiensis). The species has been recorded so far only from Japan where it inhabits clear, unpolluted pools in the upper to mid reaches of the Ohta River system (Inoue et al. 2004). Although immature stages are unknown, the larvae are likely to build small transportable cases of sand grains and organic particles like the remainder of the species in the genus.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B28FFA5FF2C07918054F942.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: „ (UMSP) USA, WY: Buffalo, 0.5 mile Powder R. Pass, Canyon Ck., 9500 ft, 26 August 1967, D. Hansen. Paratypes: USA: 7 „„ (4 UMSP, 2 JES, 1 VM) as holotype; 10 „„ (4 UMSP, 5 JES, 1 VM) WY, Buffalo, S. Fork of Clear Ck., S. Fork Campground, 22 August 1967, D. Hansen; 1 „ (VM) OR, Lincoln Co., 9 mile S. Toledo, Flynn Ck., 5 – 10 May 1962. Etymology ‘‘ Distincta’ ’, Latin adjective meaning different, referring to the differently shaped and characteristic setiger of the superior volsella. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella distincta can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with AR 0.7 – 0.9; anal point with numerous strong spinulae between well-developed anal crests; strong median setae on anal tergite; lateral anal tergite setae present; setiger of superior volsella long, narrow, strongly curved medially; median volsella 40 – 50 Mm long with microtrichose, palmate stem. Description Adult male (n 5 4, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.5 – 1.7, 1.6 mm; wing length 1.11 – 1.41, 1.29 mm. Colour: head and thorax brown with somewhat darker scutal stripes, preepisternum, postnotum, eyes, and antennal pedicels. Eyes darker ventrally. Head (Figure 12 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle (Figure 12 A) large, conical, 15 – 20, 18 Mm long; antenna (Figure 12 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.79 – 0.90, 0.84 (n 53); lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 20; 25 – 30, 29; 70 – 90, 81; 85 – 100, 92 (n 53); 140 – 150 (n 52). Clypeus about 35 Mm long with 9 – 10 setae; tentorium ca 95 Mm long, 20 Mm wide; one to four inner verticals, none to two outer vertical, three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 13, 11; dorsocentrals 6 – 8, 7; humerals 0 – 1; prealars 1; scutellars 6 – 7; halterals 5 – 6. Wing (Figure 12 C): cuneiform, 3.1 – 3.3, 3.2 times longer than broad; VR 1.48 – 1.53, 1.51 (n 53); wing setation as in Figure 12 C. Legs (Figure 12 D): fore tibia with 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 10 – 12 Mm long tibial combs, one comb on each tibia with 25 – 30, 27 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (n 55, Figure 12 E, F): anal tergite 98 – 110, 107 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band, four to seven, five strong median setae far from anal point base, frequently one or two small setae near base; lateral anal tergite seta present; anal point 40 – 50, 45 Mm long, basally 13 – 15 Mm broad with well-developed crests, distally thin and pointed; 10 – 18, 13 strong spinulae between anal crests; small microtrichia-free areas present on each side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 75 – 88, 84 Mm long; gonostylus 53 – 62, 56 Mm long; HR 1.36 – 1.66, 1.50. Superior volsella long, narrow, setiger curved medially, four to six dorsal and two median setae, basomedian seta usually on small ventral tubercle, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent but angled contour present ventrally on setiger; median volsella 35 – 45, 42 Mm long, posteriorly directed, palmate stem with long microtrichia, with simple 10 Mm long lamellae; inferior volsella 65 – 75, 70 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with five distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female, pupa, and larva. Unknown. Remarks Stempellinella distincta is very similar to S. tamaseptima in the adult male, but can be separated by the long, differently shaped superior volsella. The species has been recorded only from creeks in Wyoming and Oregon, USA (see above).	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B2AFFAEFF2C06F08142FCF0.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined Finland (ZMUH): 2 „„ Lake Kuusijärvi, 21 – 27 May 1965, P. D. Armitage; 4 „„, 6 Pex as previous except 4 June 1966; 1 P „, 4 „„ Lake Puruvesi, 14 – 15 July 1962, 25 – 28 August 1961, B. Lindeberg; 1 „, Punkasalmi, Akonniemi, Kortteenoja, 5 June 1973, B. Lindeberg; 2 „„ Lake Inari, Tsuolisjärvi, 17 July 1971, P. Virtanen. Germany: 1 Pex (JES) Ost-Holstein, Selenter See, 4 June 1968, F. Reiss; 1 „ (ZSM) as previous; 2 „„ (ZSM) Ost-Holstein, Unterer Schierenseebach, 15 August 1984, 22 August 1984, U. Holm; 1 „, 1 P „, 6 Pex (ZSM) Bavaria, Roding, Kammerweiher, 23 April 1998, 11 May 1998, W. Schacht; 1 „ (VM) as previous except 14 May 2005, E. Stur and T. Ekrem; Pex (2 ZSM) Bavaria, München, Feldmochinger See, 4 May 1991, S. Michiels; 2 Pex (1 SM, 1 VM) as previous except 7 October 1990; 2 Pex (SM) Bavaria, Burghausen, Wöhrsee, 1 May 1996, S. Michiels; 1 Pex (ZSM) Bavaria, Tegernsee, St. Quirin, 31 May 1990, N. Reiff; 1 LP ♀ (ZSM) Bavaria, München, Nymphenburger Park, Kleiner See, 7 August 1998, W. Schacht; 1 Pex (ZSM) Bavaria, Grosser Ostersee, 16 May 1980, F. Reiss; 1 Pex (ZSM) Bavaria, Chiemsee, Alzausfluss, 8 September 1987, N. Reiff; 2 Pex (ZSM) Bavaria, Rosenheim, Pelhamer See, 18 May 1990, N. Reiff; 1 P „ (ZSM) Fürstenfeldbrück, Puchheim, Baggersee, 11 May 1990, F. Reiss; 4 L (ZSM) Bavaria, lower Inn, 25 July 1978, 14 August 1978, 12 September 1978, F. Kohmann. Mongolia (ZSM): 1 „ Lake Char-Nur, 5 June 1975, Piechocki; 1 „ Acit-nur, 27 July 1977, M. Stubbe. The Netherlands (VM): 1 Pex, Limbourg Prov. Maasplassen, Mook, 51 ° 559270 N, 51 ° 439560 E, 25 July 1995, R. Geene. Norway (VM): 1 „ Oppland, Øystre Sildre, Øvre Heimdalsvatn, 28 July 1972, K. Aagaard. Scotland (PHL): 1 P „ Glenfalterach, 29 July 1984, P. H. Langton. Sweden (ZMUH): 5 „„ Jämtland, Strömsund, Ankarvattnet, 15 August 1957, Grimis. Switzerland (JES): 1 „, Vierwaldstätter See, 6 August 1965, F. Reiss. USA: 1 „ (JES) AK, Lake Nerka, 12 August 1974; 1 „ (ZSM) 16 miles W, 1 mile S Buffalo, 44 ° 209 N, 107 ° 059 W, 6 August 1969, D. Hansen; 1 „, 1 L (PLH) MI, Mackinac Co., Lake Michigan, Sta. 490, 1997, D. Schoellser; 1 „ (PLH) OH, Clermont Co., East fork Little Miami R, Proctor & Gamble Experimental Channels, 15 September 1998, P. L. Hudson; 1 L (PLH) WI, Bayfield Co., Lake Superior off Stockton Island, 15 m depth, 21 July 1973, J. Selgeby. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella edwardsi can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with wing length ca 1.2 mm; AR about 1.1; frontal tubercles large, conical; T-shaped anal tergite band; anal point with numerous (26 – 50) small spinulae at base; small median tergite setae close to anal point; median volsella without microtrichiae, with fan of simple lamellae. Adult female with AR 0.40; two or three setae on large vaginal floor; spermathecal ducts longer than notum; rami longer than notum. Pupa with well-developed, tubular cephalic tubercles; thoracic horn long and thick with numerous small chaetae; median antepronotal long, taeniate, situated on tubercle; thorax with large field of fine granulation anteriorly. Larva with moderate (ca 22 Mm long), digitiform spur on antennal pedestal; AR 0.77 – 0.83; S 3 simple; premandible with three teeth; both Lauterborn organs on short pedicels. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.6 – 1.7, 1.65 (n 53) mm; wing length 1.10 – 1.36, 1.20 mm. Colour: pale brown with dark brown scutal stripes, postnotum, preepisternum, median anepisternum, and antennal pedicels, eyes uniformly dark brown. Head (Figure 13 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 18 Mm long; antenna with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 1.06 – 1.27, 1.16; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 19 – 25, 23; 24 – 34, 29; 72 – 91, 82; 83 – 101, 92; 90 – 119, 109. Clypeus about 55 Mm long with 10 – 11 setae; tentorium ca 95 Mm long, 16 Mm wide; one or two inner verticals, two outer verticals, two or three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 11; dorsocentrals 7 – 8; humerals absent; prealars 1; scutellars 5 – 7; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 13 C): cuneiform, 3.5 times longer than broad; VR 1.42 – 1.50, 1.47; wing setation as in Figure 13 C. Legs (Figure 13 D): fore tibia with 11 – 19, 16 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with well-separated, 7 – 11, 10 Mm long tibial combs, mid tibial combs with 18 – 30, 21 Mm and 10 – 17, 14 Mm long spurs, hind tibial combs both with 18 – 19 Mm long spurs; mid tarsus 1 with none or one sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 13 E – G): anal tergite 96 – 111, 101 Mm long with transverse, Tshaped anal tergite band; two to five, four short median setae at anal point base, one lateral seta, 16 – 20, 19 apical setae; anal point (Figure 13 F) 34 – 39, 36 Mm long, basally 15 Mm broad with variably developed crests, distally thin and pointed; 26 – 50, 42 small spinulae at anal point base; microtrichia present at base of anal point, but small microtrichia-free areas present on each side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 94 – 108, 101 Mm long; gonostylus 61 – 72, 67 Mm long; HR 1.46 – 1.64, 1.52. Setiger of superior volsella oval with apical lip, posteromedially directed, with three or four dorsal and three median setae, anteromedian seta on low tubercle, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella ca 30 Mm long, strongly curved posteriorly, stem simple, bare, with fan of simple 35 Mm long lamellae (Figure 13 G); inferior volsella ca 70 Mm long, strongly club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female (n 5 1). Total length 1.7 mm; wing length not measurable. Colour: as male. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles ca 6 Mm long; antenna (Figure 13 H) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 63 Mm long, AR 0.40; palpomeres not measurable. Clypeus with 13 setae. Thorax: acrostichals 13; dorsocentrals 6; humerals 3; prealars 1; scutellars 6; halterals not visible. Wing: not measurable. Legs: as male. Genitalia (Figure 13 I): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 45 Mm long; sternite VIII with 18 setae, of which two to four are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor large, covering one- half of vaginal opening ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxite IX with one seta; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 129 Mm long, notum alone ca 60 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 48 Mm with 165 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus 39 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.3 – 2.7, 2.5 mm; abdomen 1.8 – 2.0, 1.9 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with somewhat darker lateral margins on abdomen, transverse brown pigmented posteriorly on segment VIII. Cephalothorax (Figure 14 A, B): cephalic tubercle (Figure 14 A) well developed, narrow, tubular, 39 – 51, 46 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 175 – 240, 193 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 360 – 510, 460 Mm long, 33 – 45, 40 Mm wide with numerous 6 Mm long chaetae scattered on distal three-quarters; precorneals taeniate, 150 – 280, 240 Mm long, arranged in a row on small tubercles; median antepronotal taeniate on obvious tubercle, ca 230 Mm long, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, ca 230 Mm long, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, Dc 1 about twice as long as rest. Large area of fine granulation anteriorly on thorax (Figure 14 B), a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong. Abdomen (Figure 14 C): TII with minute, semicircular posteromedian point patch; hook row 125 – 180, 150 Mm wide with 39 – 56, 48 hooks. TIII – VI with parallel point patches which are partly or completely transversely divided in middle; TVI – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semitaeniate V, 4 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 20 – 26, 23 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VII. Pleurae without shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 2.5 mm, case ca 3 mm. Head capsule brown, somewhat darker postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals with light yellow and green body. Head (Figure 14 D, H): AR 0.77 – 0.83, 0.82; antennal pedestal 45 – 51, 49 Mm long with well-developed, 15 – 30, 22 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 14 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 48 – 60, 54; 36 – 48, 43; 9 – 12, 11; 8 – 9; 3 – 4; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 0.75 – 1.00, 0.89. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade ca 40 Mm long, pale, variably long, reaching from slightly beyond tip of antennal segment 2 to slightly beyond distal Lauterborn organ; peg of antennal segment 2 placed subapically on segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 15 Mm long; proximal organ placed close to base of segment 2 on 5 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 7 Mm long pedicel; SII slightly pectinate, chaetae and chaetulae simple; S 3 simple; pecten epipharyngis consist of three well-developed chaetae; labral lamella with ca 20 teeth. Mentum (Figure 14 E) with 13 teeth, median tooth without lateral notches, somewhat paler, first lateral teeth set close to median tooth; ventromental plate medially barely reaching first lateral tooth of mentum, MVR ca 1.1; premandible (Figure 14 F) with three teeth, well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 14 G) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 69 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 14 H) well developed, not split. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 14 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal segment with four narrow anal tubules; supraanal seta strong, ca 225 Mm long; procercus ca 30 Mm long with two short (ca 150 Mm long) and four long (ca 550 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks Lectotype designation here to promote future nomenclatural stability. The larvae of Stempellinella edwardsi, early instars in particular, can be difficult or impossible to separate from those of S. leptocelloides, and the characters used in the key below overlapped in material of S. edwardsi and S. leptocelloides from Canada and Norway examined by G. A. Halvorsen (personal communication).	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B3EFFBAFF2C06F380F5FE79.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined Austria: 1 Pex (SM), 1 LP „, 1 LP ♀ (To 161, To 162, VM) Salzkammergut, Schwarzensee, 716 m a. s. l., 8 August 1997, 15 August 2004, S. Michiels; 2 Pex (VM) as previous except Eibensee, Wildmoos, 14 August 1999; 2 Pex (SM) Oberösterreich, Attersee, Alexenauer Bach, 3 August 1998, S. Michiels. England: 1 „, 1 ♀, 7 Pex, 1 L (ZSM); 2 „„, 2 ♀♀, 3 Pex, 1 LP, 2 L (PHL) Cranham Woods, chalk spring stream, 25 August 1986, P. H. Langton. Germany: 2 Pex (1 SM, 1 VM) Bavaria, Burghausen, Salzach, 8 September 1996, 12 April 1997, S. Michiels; 1 Pex (SM) Bavaria, Heroldsberg, Simmelberger Grundlach, 4 September 2000, C. Orendt; 7 Pex, 1 „ (ZSM) Bavaria, Murnauer Moos, Ramsach, drift, 19 September 1978, R. Kühbandner; 6 Pex, 3 „„ as previous except 20 August 1978, 21 June 1978, F. Reiss; 1 Pex (ZSM) Bavaria, Osterseen, Stechsee, 16 May 1980, F. Reiss; 1 „ (ZSM) Baden-Württemberg, Bodensee, Überlingen, 1 May 1964, F. Reiss; 1 „, 1 LP (♀) (ZSM) Bavaria, Berchtesgaden National Park, Herrenroint spring # 312, 6 June 2001, 14 June 2001, E. Stur and S. Wiedenbrug; 2 Pex (SM) Rheinland-Pfalz, Hunsrück, Ehrbach, 31 August 1996, S. Michiels; 1 LP „, 1 LP ♀, 2 L, 8 L cases (VM) Hessen, Marburg-Biedenkopf, Mardorf, Spring and Marbach, 10 May 2000, 1 June 2000, 5 June 2000, A. Sundermann; 1 LP, 1 „ (To 193, To 194, VM) as previous except 10 May 2000, 21 June 2000; 1 „ (ZSM) Ost-Holstein, Redensburg-Eckernförde, Fuhlenau, 4 September 1981, K. Mikowski. Luxembourg: 1 „ (To 110, VM) Gutland, SW Kopstal, Rheocrene spring E 7, emergence trap, 1 June 1999, I. Schrankel; 5 „„ (MGDL) as previous except 4 May 1999, 18 May 1999, 29 June 1999; 11 „„ (MGDL) Gutland, SE Dellen, Waldrand, Rheohelocrene spring E 5, emergence trap, 4 May 1999, 18 May 1999, 1 June 1999, 15 June 1999, I. Schrankel; 1 Pex as previous except 1 May 2002, P. Martin. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella flavidula can be separated from other species in Stempellinella by the following combination of characters. Adult male with medially pointed superior volsella apex; anal point long and slightly triangular with long crests which end far distal on the anal point, several short spinulae between crests; lamellae of median volsella reaching two-thirds length of inferior volsella; obvious microtrichose wart basally on inferior volsella. Adult female with large seminal capsules, diameter as large as or larger than length of notum excluding rami and considerably larger than length of cercus; spermathecal duct considerably longer than notum including rami; vaginal floor large, covering one-third to one-half of vaginal opening ventrally; gonocoxapodeme almost straight. Pupa with large, broad conical cephalic tubercles; strong chaetae dorsally on thoracic horn mid section; shagreen on pleurae III – VII; point patches on tergite VI transversely divided; anterolateral patches of shagreen on tergite VII. Larva with moderate (ca 18 Mm long), digitiform spur on antennal pedestal; antennal blade reaching apex of distal Lauterborn organ; AR ca 0.8 – 1.0; S 3 split in three or four branches; distal Lauterborn organ pedicel about twice as long as proximal Lauterborn organ pedicel; premandible with two teeth. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.6 – 1.9, 1.75 mm; wing length 1.08 – 1.30, 1.20 mm. Colour: pale brown thorax with dark brown scutal stripes, postnotum, preepisternum, median anepisternum, and antennal pedicels; abdomen yellow-green; eyes uniformly dark brown. Head (Figure 17 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 11 – 21, 16 Mm long; antenna (Figure 17 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.82 – 1.05, 0.95 (n 56); lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 22 – 32, 25; 24 – 34, 27; 66 – 79, 72; 75 – 97, 86; 114 – 138, 130. Clypeus about 65 Mm long with 8 – 11, 10 setae; tentorium ca 95 Mm long, 16 Mm wide; two or three inner verticals, one to three outer verticals, two or three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 16, 13; dorsocentrals 5 – 8, 7; humerals absent; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 7, 5; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 17 C): cuneiform, 3.1 times longer than broad; VR 1.41 – 1.52, 1.44; wing setation as in Figure 17 C. Legs (Figure 17 D): fore tibia with 12 – 18, 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with well separated, 11 Mm long tibial combs, one mid tibial comb with 30 – 32 Mm long spur, one hind tibial comb with 28 – 32, 30 Mm long spur; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 17 E, F): anal tergite 92 – 104, 98 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; three to seven, four strong median setae at some distance from anal point base, none or one lateral seta, 20 – 24, 21 apical setae; anal point 39 – 49, 43 Mm long, basally 10 – 12 Mm broad with long, well-developed crests which end close to anal point apex; 7 – 15, 9 small spinulae between anal crests; microtrichia-free area on either side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 85 – 97, 92 Mm long; gonostylus 60 – 76, 65 Mm long; HR 1.28 – 1.50, 1.42. Superior volsella with strongly tapered, medially directed apex, with four to six, five dorsal and two median setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 24 – 30, 27 Mm long, straight, posteromedially directed, stem simple with numerous simple 25 Mm long lamellae which at most reach two-thirds length of inferior volsella; inferior volsella 54 – 76, 61 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia, obvious microtrichose wart basally on inferior volsella. Adult female (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.3 – 1.6, 1.4 (n 54) mm; wing length 0.96 – 1.16, 1.09 (n 54) Mm long. Colour: pale green with light brown eyes and pedicels. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles ca 12 Mm long; antenna (Figure 17 G) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 52 – 75, 63 Mm long, AR 0.26 – 0.35, 0.29; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 21 – 27, 22; 21 – 27, 23; 60 – 72, 65; 69 – 75, 65; 97 – 123, 109 (n 54). Clypeus with 8 – 11, 10 (n 54) setae. Thorax: acrostichals 14 – 17, 15; dorsocentrals 5 – 7, 6; humerals 1 – 2; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 7, 6; halterals 5. Wing: as male, except 2.8 – 3.0, 2.9 times longer than broad, VR 1.41 – 1.64, 1.51. Legs: as male, except one or two sensilla chaetica distally on mid tarsomere 1. Genitalia (Figure 17 H): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 45 Mm long; sternite VIII with 24 – 30, 26 setae, of which one or two are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor large, covering one-half of vaginal opening ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme only slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 123 – 141, 133 Mm long, notum alone ca 70 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, large, diameter 63 – 72, 69 Mm with 186 – 255, 230 (n 54) Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus 33 – 42, 38 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.9 – 2.2, 2.1 mm; abdomen 1.4 – 1.6, 1.5 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII. Cephalothorax (Figure 18 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, broad conical, 21 – 36, 28 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 111 – 195, 134 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 255 – 315, 285 Mm long, 21 – 24, 22 Mm wide with well-developed 7 – 12, 9 Mm long, strong chaetae dorsally on mid section of horn; precorneals taeniate, ca 120 – 200 Mm long, arranged in row on obvious mound; median antepronotal taeniate, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, all about 30 Mm long. Area of fine sculpturing anteriorly on thorax, a few strong granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong. Abdomen (Figure 18 C): TII with triangular or trapezoidal posteriomedian point patch posteriorly to seta D 1; hook row 75 – 100, 92 Mm wide with 26 – 41, 35 hooks. TIII – V with p - shaped point patches; TVI with two pairs of point patches, anterior pair in middle of tergite; TVI – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 2 – 3 L, 0 – 1 semi-taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 2 V, 2 – 3 L, 0 – 1 semi-taeniate L setae; segment V with 4 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 2 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 semi-taeniate D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 14 – 20, 16 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleurae III – VII with shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 2.5 mm, case ca 3 mm. Head capsule brown, somewhat darker postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals not examined. Head (Figure 18 D – I): AR 0.83 – 1.01, 0.90; antennal pedestal 51 – 75, 67 Mm long with developed, 15 – 21, 18 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 18 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 60 – 69, 64; 45 – 59, 48; 9; 9; 5; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 0.81 – 1.19, 1.03. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade ca 90 – 99 Mm long, pale, reaching slightly beyond tip of distal Lauterborn organ; peg of antennal segment 2 placed subapically on segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 15 Mm long; proximal organ placed close to base of segment 2 on 9 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 15 – 24, 20 Mm long pedicel; SII slightly plumose, chaetae pectinate, chaetulae simple; S 3 split in three or four branches (Figure 18 E); pecten epipharyngis consists of three well-developed chaetae, labral lamella with ca 30 teeth. Mentum (Figure 18 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth with weak lateral notches, somewhat paler, all lateral teeth set in equal distance to each other; ventromental plates medially barely reaching second lateral tooth of mentum, MVR ca 1.1; premandible (Figure 18 G) with two teeth, well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 18 H) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 42 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 18 I) narrow, split in middle. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 14 – 16, 15 simple hooks; L 2 simple; anal segment with four narrow anal tubules, 58 Mm long; supraanal seta strong, ca 230 Mm long; procercus ca 30 Mm long with two short (ca 130 Mm long) and four long (ca 500 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks A lectotype is here designated to promote future nomenclatural stability.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B34FFB8FF2C029682E8F943.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: „ (ZSM) Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Rio Cascatinha, Caledonia (Represa), Nova Friburgo, 24 August 1995, E. J. Fittkau. Paratypes: 2 Pex as holotype; 1 „ (UFSC) Brazil, São Paulo, Cananéia, Gruta stream, 16 February 2002, F. O. Roque; 1 Pex (ZSM) Brazil, Iguaçú National Park, stream, 6 December 1996, F. Reiss; 1 Pex (ZSM) Bolivia, between Coroico and Caranavi, drift in stream, 18 July 1976, E. J. Fittkau. Etymology The species name is an adjectival form of the Latin noun ‘‘ lamella’ ’, meaning a small plate, and refers to the exceptionally long lamellae of the median volsella. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella lamellata can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: male imago with AR ca 0.5; anal point long, thin, without crests; base of anal point with two median tergite setae and numerous groups of strong microtrichia; lateral anal tergite seta present; median volsella medially directed, without microtrichia, with long, anally curved lamellae which reach past apex of inferior volsella. Pupa with strongly granulose frontal apotome and thorax; thoracic horn with numerous small chaetae on distal two-thirds; hook row with ca 40 teeth; long points in patches on abdominal tergites III – VI, point patches on tergites IV – VI p - shaped; segment VIII with three lateral taeniae. Description Adult male (n 5 2, unless otherwise stated). Total length 0.9 – 1.1 mm; wing length 0.67 – 0.82 mm. Colour: non-macerated specimens pale green-brown with darker brown knees, posterior part of scutum, postnotum, posterior corner of preepisternum, median anepisternum, halteres, and small sclerite between fore coxa and preepisternum; eyes red-brown with darker ventral margin. Head: eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle small, 3 Mm long; antenna (Figure 19 A) with 12 – 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.44 – 0.54; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 15, 15 – 21, 36 – 51, 54 – 72, 84 (n 51). Clypeus about 30 Mm long with 8 – 10 setae; tentorium ca 75 Mm long, 21 Mm wide; one inner vertical, one outer vertical, two postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10; dorsocentrals 5; humerals 2; prealars 1; scutellars 4; halterals 3. Wing (Figure 19 B): cuneiform, 3.0 – 3.4 times longer than broad; VR 1.58 – 1.60; wing setation as in Figure 19 B. Legs (Figure 19 C): fore tibia with 12 – 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with two well separated, 8 – 12 Mm long tibial combs, each with 15 – 24 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 19 D, E): anal tergite 54 – 65 Mm long, two median setae close to anal point, one lateral seta, 14 – 18 apical setae; transverse anal tergite band which is slightly posteriorly produced in middle, indicating T-shape; anal point ca 24 Mm long, basally broad, without crests, distally thin and pointed; base of anal point with numerous groups of strong microtrichia; small microtrichia-free areas on each side of anal point. Gonocoxite 60 – 66 Mm long; gonostylus 35 – 36 Mm long; HR 1.67 – 1.89. Superior volsella (Figure 19 E) oval, medially directed with three or four dorsal and three median setae on setiger, otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella ca 18 Mm long, medially directed, without microtrichia, with up to 42 – 45 Mm long, anally directed lamellae; inferior volsella 36 – 39 Mm long, comparatively straight, with several distal setae, dorsal surface otherwise bare. Pupa tentatively associated (n 5 4, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.6 – 1.8, 1.7 mm; abdomen 1.1 – 1.3, 1.3 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae brown with somewhat darker cephalothorax and lateral margins on abdominal segments V – IX, transverse brown pigmented band posteriorly on segment VIII. Cephalothorax (Figure 20 A – C): cephalic tubercle well-developed cones, 30 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 150 – 175, 164 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Frontal apotome with strong granulation (Figure 20 A). Thoracic horn 240 – 350, 290 Mm long, 18 – 24, 21 Mm wide with numerous 6 – 9, 8 Mm long chaetae on distal two-thirds of horn; precorneals taeniate, 150 – 220, 180 Mm long, arranged in a slight triangular pattern on small tubercles; median antepronotal taeniate on obvious tubercle, ca 215 Mm long, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, ca 60 Mm long, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair somewhat longer than posterior pair (27 – 36, 32 Mm). Large area of granulation and fine wrinkles on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line (Figure 20 B). Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong (Figure 20 C). Abdomen (Figure 20 D): TII with pair of oval point patches; hook row 60 – 78, 69 Mm wide with 31 – 46, 41 hooks. TIII with pair of oval point patches; TIV – VI with p - shaped point patches, patches on TV – VI often transversely divided in middle; TVI – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen; pleurae on segment IV – V with weak shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 1 – 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 2 D, 2 – 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI with 2 – 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae; segment VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae; segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 taeniate D seta on anal lobe, 14 – 16, 15 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Female and larva. Unknown. Remarks Stempellinella lamellata is quite similar to the Palaearctic S. edwardsi, the Japanese S. coronata, and S. chambiensis in the southern hemisphere, but can be separated from all these species by the above combination of diagnostic characters. The description of the pupa is based on tentatively associated pupal exuviae from Nova Friburgo, and should be treated with caution. However, their close resemblance to the pupae of S. chambiensis, only differing in the number of lateral taeniae on segment VIII, the width and the number of teeth in the hook row in segment II, and the slightly larger cephalic tubercles supports the association since the males of S. chambiensis and S. lamellata are very similar morphologically. The species has so far only been recorded from streams in Brazil and Bolivia. Although the larvae still remain unknown, they probably build small transportable cases of sand grains and organic particles as in the remainder of the species in the genus, and most probably have morphological characters similar to those of S. chambiensis (e. g. premandible with three teeth).	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B31FFC1FFDB05528255FC58.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined Canada: 1 P (♀), 1 Pex, 1 „ (ZMBN) British Columbia, Marion Lake, 11 June 1963, 5 July 1964, A. L. Hamilton; 2 „„ (CNC) as previous except 30 June 1965, 18 July 1965; 1 P „ (ZMBN) Manitoba, Southern Indian Lake, Long Bay, 13 – 15 June 1977, M. Collins; 1 „ (ZMBN) Ontario, Kenora, Experimental Lake Area, 31 September 1975; 2 „„ (JES) Quebeck, Terrobonne Co., St. Hippolyte, Lac Croche, 29 May 1972, P. P. Harper. USA: FL: 1 „ (JHE) Camp Beach, 27 June 1997. NC: 1 „ (JHE) Swain Co., confluence of Ocanluftee River and Ravens Fork, 3 October 2001, D. R. Jones and R. C. Harrington. MN: 1 Pex (ZSM) St. Louis Co., Lake Superior, French River outlet, 10 mi NE Duluth, 29 May 1999, R. E. Jacobsen; 5 Pex (UMSP) Anoka Co., Cedar Crk., upstream CR 24, 45.4031 ° N, 93.2094 ° W, 19 May 2004, R. W. Brouchard Jr. OH: 1 LP in case, one larval case (VM) Wayne Co., Apple Cr., RM 6.6, ust, Ely Rd, 10 September 2002, J. T. Freda and K. E. McKnight; 1 L (VM) Champaign Co., Little Darby Ck., RM 41.2 Allison Rd., 15 September 1997, L. E. McKnight; 1 P („), 1 P, 1 LP („), 4 L (MJB) Clark Co., Medway Ck. at Spangler Rd., 20 September 1991, M. J. Bolton. SC: „ (JES) Aiken Co., Savannah River Plant, Tinker Ck., Malaise trap, 28 – 29 May 1980, P. L. Hudson; 1 „ as previous except Upper Three Runs Ck., 12 – 13 May 1980. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella leptocelloides can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with AR 0.8 – 1.0; anal point widely triangular with numerous strong orally directed spinulae between well-developed anal crests; small median tergite setae at anal point base; lateral anal tergite setae present; anal tergite band weakly Tshaped; setiger of superior volsella oval with medially pointed apex; median volsella thin, 30 Mm long, stem simple, bare, lamellae simple. Adult female with AR 0.29; none to two setae on well-developed vaginal floor; spermathecal ducts longer than notum and rami combined; rami slightly shorter than notum; diameter of seminal capsules shorter than notum. Pupa with long, almost tubular cephalic tubercles and moderately wrinkled frontal apotome; thorax completely brown pigmented and extensively granulated, median antepronotal on well-developed tubercle; one lateral seta on abdominal segment III and IV taeniate; point patches on tergites IV – V usually separated both longitudinally and horizontally, giving the impression of four point patches; anterolateral patches of shagreen on tergites VII – IX. Larva with 18 – 25 Mm long, triangular spur on antennal pedestal, AR 0.7 – 0.9, antennal segment 2 long with proximal Lauterborn organ pedicel at one-sixth length; premandible with three teeth; S 3 long, simple. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.5 – 1.8, 1.6 mm; wing length 0.91 – 1.13, 1.02 (n 58) mm. Colour: body and legs pale yellow; thorax with brown short scutal stripes, brown postnotum, preepisternum, and median anepisternum; eyes brown, darker ventrally. Head (Figure 21 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle well developed, conical, 12 – 20, 16 Mm long; antenna (Figure 21 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.85 – 1.01, 0.94; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 20 – 25, 25; 25; 55 – 65, 61; 65 – 80, 74; 90 – 110, 100. Clypeus about 50 Mm long with 6 – 12, 8 setae; tentorium ca 85 Mm long, 10 Mm wide; one or two inner verticals, two outer verticals, two postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 12, 11; dorsocentrals 5 – 8, 6; humerals 0; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 6; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 21 C): cuneiform, 3.0 – 3.3, 3.2 times longer than broad; VR 1.49 – 1.57, 1.53; costa proximal to M 3 + 4 (often more so than wing in Figure 21 C); wing setation as in Figure 21 C. Legs (Figure 21 D): fore tibia with 20 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 10 Mm long tibial combs, both combs on each tibia with 15 – 20, 17 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli minute, reaching base of claws. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 21 E – G): anal tergite 87 – 93, 89 Mm long with weakly T-shaped anal tergite band, four short median tergite setae at anal point base; lateral anal tergite seta present; anal point (Figure 21 F) 40 – 47, 43 Mm long, broadly triangular, basally 15 – 20, 16 Mm broad, with well-developed crests which end close to apex; 15 – 20, 17 strong, orally directed spinulae between anal crests; small microtrichia-free areas on each side of anal point base. Gonocoxite 80 – 85, 83 Mm long; gonostylus 50 – 58, 52 Mm long; HR 1.47 – 1.70, 1.60. Superior volsella (Figure 21 G) comparatively small, setiger oval with medially directed apex, four dorsal and two median setae, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella thin, 27 – 30, 29 Mm long, posteriorly curved, stem simple with up to 25 Mm long, simple lamellae, without microtrichia; inferior volsella 63 – 67, 66 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with six distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.4 – 1.5 (n 53) mm; wing length 0.84 – 0.95, 0.90. Colour: as male. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles 5 – 12, 10 Mm long; antenna (Figure 21 H) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 40 – 60, 50 Mm long, AR 0.27 – 0.30, 0.29; length of palpomeres (in Mm): 20 – 25, 22; 20 – 25, 24; 40 – 50, 44; 50 – 65, 60; 75 – 100, 92. Clypeus with 7 – 11, 9 setae. Thorax: acrostichals 8 – 11, 9; dorsocentrals 5 – 6; humerals 0 – 2, 1; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 6, 4; halterals 5. Wing: as male, VR 1.48 – 1.51, 1.50. Legs: as male. Genitalia (Figure 21 I): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 45 Mm long; sternite VIII with 15 – 20, 17 setae, of which 0 – 2, 0 are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor large, covering up to one-half of vaginal opening ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxite IX with one or two setae; gonocoxapodeme strongly curved posteriorly; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 110 – 120, 117 Mm long, notum alone ca 70 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 37 – 50, 42 Mm with 120 – 175, 155 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate broadly triangular. Cercus 35 – 50, 40 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.0 – 2.3, 2.2 mm; abdomen 1.6 – 1.7 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae: thorax completely brown, abdomen clear with darker lateral margins on all segments, particularly segment VII – IX, tergites VII and VIII with dark pigmentation posteriorly. Cephalothorax (Figure 22 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, tubular, 40 – 50, 48 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 150 – 200 (n 52) Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle weakly developed mound. Thoracic horn 330 – 400, 356 Mm long with some 5 – 15, 8 Mm long chaetae distributed on distal three-quarters; precorneals taeniate, arranged in slight triangular pattern, the two anteriormost setae situated closer to each other than to the third, anterior and posterior precorneals ca 250 Mm long, median precorneal ca 225 Mm long; one taeniate median antepronotal ca 300 Mm long on well-developed tubercle, two lateral antepronotals (one sensillum basiconicum); two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, setae of anterior pair 30 – 50, 40 Mm long, slightly longer than setae of posterior pair, 25 – 35, 30 Mm long. Extensive fields of granulation and fine sculpturing present on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle weakly developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong. Abdomen (Figure 22 C): TII with small, oval point patches starting posteriorly to seta D 5; hook row 75 – 105, 91 Mm wide with 31 – 46, 36 hooks. TIII with more or less rectangular point patches; TIV with p - shaped point patch that often is divided in longitudinal and transverse sections, giving the appearance of four point patches; TV – VI with four point patches; TVII – IX (sometimes also TVI) with small anterior patches of shagreen. Segment II with well-developed pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 – 3 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 2 – 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 2 – 3 D, 3 – 4 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 17 – 23, 20 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII. Pleura IV with shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 2.6 mm, larval case ca 2.7 mm. Head capsule yellow, brown postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals not examined. Head (Figure 22 D – I): AR 0.74 – 0.91, 0.85; antennal pedestal 65 – 80, 71 Mm long with triangular, blunt, 18 – 25, 22 Mm long spur; antenna (Figure 22 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 43 – 60, 54; 31 – 47, 41; 9 – 10, 10; 7 – 9, 8; 4 – 6, 5; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 1.24 – 1.55, 1.34. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ at base of antennal segment 1; antennal blade 60 – 88, 78 Mm long, pale, reaching well beyond tip of antenna; peg of antennal segment 2 placed at approximately four-fifths length of segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 13 – 18, 16 Mm long; proximal organ placed at one-sixth length of segment 2 on 5 – 8 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 9 – 11 Mm long pedicel; SII and some chaetae pectinate, some chaetae and all chaetulae simple; S 3 long and simple (Figure 22 E); pecten epipharyngis consist of three well-developed, thin chaetae; labral lamella with ca 21 teeth. Mentum (Figure 22 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth without lateral notches, first lateral teeth partly fused with median tooth, all teeth equally dark; ventromental plates medially reaching third lateral tooth of mentum, MVR ca 1.1; premandible (Figure 22 G) with three teeth, welldeveloped brush; mandible (Figure 22 H) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 35 – 40, 38 Mm long, reaching beyond apex of mandible, mola without spines; postoccipital plate (Figure 22 I) developed, not split. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 14 – 16 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal segment with anal tubules 50 Mm long; supraanal seta strong, 225 Mm long; procercus 25 Mm long with two short (ca 130 Mm long) and four long (ca 550 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks The holotype, allotype, and seven paratypes (3 „„, 4 ♀♀) have been mounted on microscope slides. Unfortunately, the type material was partly destroyed in the mail upon return to INHS. The holotype, one female paratype, and one male paratype were missing from the damaged package when it arrived in Illinois (C. Favret, personal communication). However, since there is no doubt of the species identity and all paratypes are conspecific, a neotype is not designated at this point. Stempellinella leptocelloides has a characteristic anal point, and adult males can easily be distinguished from all other Stempellinella by this feature. Female adults, pupae and larvae are most similar to species in the edwardsi species group, but can be separated from most of these by the diagnostic characters given above. The larvae of Stempellinella edwardsi, in particular early instars, can be difficult or impossible to separate from those of S. leptocelloides and the characters used in the key below overlapped in material of S. edwardsi and S. leptocelloides from Canada and Norway examined by G. A. Halvorsen (personal communication). Stempellinella leptocelloides has been recorded from many streams, small rivers and lakes throughout North America (see above), and is probably widely spread in the Nearctic Region. The larvae build straight, transportable cases of fine, pale silt specked with a few dark silt particles.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B4FFFC6FFDB00FE813FFAD6.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined France (PHL): 1 P (♀), 3 P („), eastern Pyrenees, Tech, 8 June 2000, J. Moubayed. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella reissi can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with AR about 0.7; frontal tubercles large, conical; anal point with several (11 – 12) small spinulae between v-shaped anal point crests; four or five strong median tergite setae placed far from anal point; superior volsella strongly bent medially, square distally; median volsella short, stout, without microtrichiae, with fan of simple and pectinate lamellae. Adult female with AR 0.31; vaginal floor large, concave, covering about half of vaginal opening in ventral view; spermathecal ducts longer than notum and rami combined; seminal capsules as wide as length of notum; rami and notum equally long, combined shorter than 100 Mm; more than 30 setae on sternite VIII, no setae on vaginal floor. Pupa with well-developed, conical cephalic tubercles; frontal apotome with some large granulation; thoracic horn long and thin with numerous small chaetae scattered on most of horn; anterior precorneal somewhat shorter than median and posterior precorneals; thorax quite smooth; dorsocentrals short, about 30 Mm; anal lobe with 10 – 14 taeniae. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.7 – 1.9, 1.8 (n 53) mm; wing length not measurable. Colour: head pale brown with dark pedicels and eyes; thorax with pale brown ground colour, dark brown scutal stripes, brown postnotum, preepisternum, and median anepisternum, scutellum pale, halteres pale; abdomen and legs pale brown. Head: eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 9 – 15, 12 (n 53) Mm long; antenna (Figure 23 A) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.62 – 0.78, 0.70 (n 53); lengths of palpomeres (in Mm, n 54): 30 – 36, 32; 36 – 48, 43; 114 – 120, 116; 105 – 120, 113; 144 – 168, 154 (n 53). Clypeus about 25 Mm long with 10 setae; tentorium ca 90 Mm long, 20 Mm wide; three inner verticals, three outer verticals, two postorbitals (n 52). Thorax (n 53): scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 14 – 16, 15; dorsocentrals 8 – 9; humerals 0 – 1; prealars 1; scutellars 6 – 7; halterals 11 – 13. Wing: not measurable or figurable since only pharate males were available for examination. Legs (Figure 23 B): fore tibia with 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 10 – 12 Mm long combs, one mid and one hind tibial comb with 27 – 30 (n 52) Mm long spur, one mid hind tibial comb with one tooth slightly longer than rest; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 23 C, D): anal tergite 90 – 110 (n 52) Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; four or five median tergite setae, placed far from anal point base, one lateral seta, 20 – 26 (n 52) apical setae; anal point 37 Mm long, basally 12 Mm broad with welldeveloped crests, distally thinner, but apex slightly thicker and blunt; 11 – 12 small spinulae and few microtrichia between crests on anal point; microtrichia-free areas absent at base of anal point. Gonocoxite 85 – 97 (n 52) Mm long; gonostylus 60 – 63 (n 52) Mm long; HR 1.42 – 1.54. Superior volsella strongly bent mediad, rather rectangular distally, with four or five dorsal and two median setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella very short and stout, 15 Mm long, medially directed, stem simple, bare, with fan of simple 18 – 20 Mm long and some shorter, pectinate lamellae; inferior volsella ca 50 Mm long, broad, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female (n 5 1). Total length 2.0 mm; wing length not measurable. Colour: as male, but paler. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles not observable; antenna (Figure 23 E) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere ca 55 Mm long, AR 0.31; palpomeres not measurable. Clypeus with nine setae. Thorax: acrostichals 13; dorsocentrals 8; humerals, prealars, scutellars, and halterals not observable. Wing: as male, not measurable. Legs: as male. Genitalia (Figure 23 F): tergite IX semicircular, about 50 Mm long; sternite VIII with 36 setae, of which none are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor large, concave, covering about half of vaginal opening ventrally; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 87 Mm long, notum alone ca 45 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 50 Mm with 163 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus 50 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.9 – 2.3, 2.0 mm; abdomen 1.4 – 1.7, 1.5 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae: thorax pale brown with triangular pigment-free area on both sides of median suture (Figure 24 B); abdomen rather transparent with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII and anal lobe. Cephalothorax (Figure 24 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, broad conical, 25 – 30, 27 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, ca 125 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent; frontal apotome with coarse granulation. Thoracic horn 250 – 425, 313 (n 54) Mm long, 25 – 30, 27 Mm wide with 4 – 5 Mm long chaetae scattered on almost whole length; precorneals taeniate, arranged in a triangle on obvious mound, anterior seta ca 110 Mm long, median and posterior setae ca 130 – 160 Mm long; median antepronotal taeniate, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair 25 – 35 Mm long. Thorax smooth except for few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath well developed. Abdomen (Figure 24 C): TII with large rectangular, median point patches which start anterior to seta D 1; hook row 55 – 75, 63 Mm wide with 24 – 34, 29 hooks. TIII – VI with large, rectangular point patches; TVII without armament; TVII – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 3 D, 1 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 – 4 D, 2 V, 3 simple L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 2 – 3 V, 3 simple L setae; segment V with 2 – 4 D, 2 – 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI with 2 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 8 – 14, 11 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – V and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleurae III and IV with scattered, weak shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva. Unknown. Remarks	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B48FFC8FF2C06118165FB1B.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined Belarus (VM): 2 „„, 1 ♀, 3 LP, 2 LP (♀), Rayon Petrikov, Snyadin, brooklet of River Pripyat in floodplain forest, 14 May 2002, H. Moller-Pillot. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella saltuum can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with wing length ca 1.5 mm, 3.6 times longer than broad; AR about 1.3; frontal tubercles large, conical; anal point with several (7 – 14) small spinulae between v-shaped crests; numerous (11 – 16) median tergite setae of which a few small setae are usually placed close to anal point; superior volsella oval with posteromedially directed apex; median volsella without microtrichiae, with fan of simple lamellae. Adult female with AR 0.27; vaginal floor small, concave following lateral margins of vagina; spermathecal ducts almost as long as notum and rami combined; rami as long or longer than notum; diameter of seminal capsules lower than length of notum. Pupa with welldeveloped, broadly conical cephalic tubercles; thoracic horn long and thin with numerous small chaetae scattered on distal two-thirds; median precorneal shorter than anterior and posterior precorneals; thorax with scattered sculpturing anteriorly; anterior dorsocentrals usually longer than 50 Mm, longer than anterior dorsocentrals; anal lobe with 18 – 25 taeniae in anal fringe. Larva with moderate (ca 24 Mm long), digitiform spur on antennal pedestal; AR 1.19 – 1.48; S 3 split in three or four branches; both Lauterborn organs on short pedicels. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.8 – 2.1, 1.9 mm; wing length 1.40 – 1.63, 1.55 mm. Colour: head pale brown with dark pedicels and eyes; thorax with olive green ground colour, dark brown scutal stripes, brown postnotum, preepisternum and median anepisternum, scutellum and halteres pale, abdomen pale brown. Head (Figure 25 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 15 – 21, 18 Mm long; antenna (Figure 25 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 1.28 – 1.40, 1.33; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm, n 54): 30 – 36, 32; 36 – 48, 43; 114 – 120, 116; 105 – 120, 113; 144 – 168, 154 (n 53). Clypeus about 60 Mm long with 11 – 15, 14 setae; tentorium ca 120 Mm long, 25 Mm wide; two to four inner verticals, three or four outer verticals, two or three postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 10 – 11; dorsocentrals 7 – 8; humerals absent; prealars 1; scutellars 5 – 7; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 25 C): cuneiform, 3.6 times longer than broad; VR 1.42 – 1.52, 1.47; wing setation as in Figure 25 C. Legs (Figure 25 D): fore tibia with 14 – 24, 19 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with well separated, 14 – 18, 16 Mm long combs, one mid tibial comb with 34 – 43, 38 Mm long spur, one hind tibial comb with 38 – 48, 41 Mm long spur; mid tarsus 1 without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 25 E, F): anal tergite 120 – 153, 137 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band; 11 – 16 median tergite setae, of which none to four are smaller and placed close to anal point base, one lateral seta, 24 – 32, 30 apical setae; anal point 57 – 72, 66 Mm long, basally 21 – 30, 25 Mm broad with well-developed crests surrounding V-shaped anal point pit, anal point distally thin and pointed; 7 – 14, 11 small spinulae between crests on anal point; small microtrichia-free areas present at base of anal point. Gonocoxite 105 – 127, 115 Mm long; gonostylus 61 – 87, 79 Mm long; HR 1.41 – 1.52, 1.45. Superior volsella (Figure 25 F) oval with apical point, posteromedially directed, with five or six dorsal and two median setae on setiger, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 39 – 54, 44 Mm long, posteromedially directed, stem simple, bare, with fan of simple 35 Mm long lamellae; inferior volsella ca 90 Mm long, club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia, well-developed microtrichose wart at base. Adult female (n 5 1, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.8 mm; wing length 1.48 mm. Colour: as male. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles ca 18 Mm long; antenna with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere ca 62 Mm long, AR 0.28 – 0.29 (n 52); lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 24; 30; 96; 96; 138. Clypeus with 14 setae. Thorax (n 52): acrostichals 11 – 13; dorsocentrals 8; humerals 2 – 3; prealars 1; scutellars 6; halterals 6. Wing: as male, except 3.1 times longer than broad. VR 1.27. Legs: as male. Genitalia (Figure 25 G): tergite IX semicircular, about 45 Mm long; sternite VIII with 35 – 45 (n 52) setae, of which none or one are placed on vaginal floor; vaginal floor small, concave following lateral margins of vagina; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 135 – 180 Mm long, notum alone ca 75 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 57 – 71 (n 52) Mm with 150 – 165 (n 52) Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus 45 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.6 – 2.8 mm; abdomen 1.9 – 2.0 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII and anal lobe. Cephalothorax (Figure 26 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, broad conical, 33 – 43, 39 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, ca 180 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 312 – 465, 400 Mm long, 18 – 24, 22 Mm wide with 6 – 9 Mm long chaetae scattered on distal two-thirds; precorneals taeniate, arranged in a slight triangle on obvious mound, anterior and posterior setae ca 200 Mm long, median seta ca 150 Mm long, anterior two placed closer together; median antepronotal taeniate, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, one sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair 48 – 90, 70 Mm long, posterior pair 30 – 60, 40 Mm long. Area of fine sculpturing anteriorly on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath well developed. Abdomen (Figure 26 C): TII with large triangular posteriomedian point patches which start anteriorly to seta D 1; hook row 95 – 120, 112 Mm wide with 41 – 60, 47 hooks. TIII – VI with large, p - shaped point patches; TVII with anterior patches of points and shagreen; TVII – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 2 – 3 simple and 0 – 1 semi-taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 – 3 simple and 0 – 1 semitaeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, occasionally 1 taeniate V seta on anal lobe, 18 – 25, 21 (n 54) taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleura IV with small field of weak shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 4, unless otherwise stated). Total length not measurable, larval case ca 3 mm long. Head capsule brown, somewhat darker postoccipital rim, teeth on mandible and mentum. Live specimens not examined. Head (Figure 26 D – J): AR 1.19 – 1.48, 1.33; antennal pedestal 66 – 81, 76 Mm long with well-developed, 21 – 27, 24 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 26 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 90 – 96, 93; 35 – 51, 43; 12 – 13, 12; 9 – 12, 10; 5 – 7, 6; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 0.73 – 0.89, 0.81. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade ca 87 – 93, 89 Mm long, pale, reaching well beyond tip of distal Lauterborn organ; peg of antennal segment 2 placed subapically on segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 15 Mm long; proximal organ placed close to base of segment 2 on 6 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 9 – 10 Mm long pedicel; SII (Figure 26 E) slightly plumose, chaetae pectinate, chaetulae simple; S 3 (Figure 26 F) split in three or four branches; pecten epipharyngis consist of three well-developed chaetae and a broad anterior scale; labral lamella with 20 – 24 (n 52) teeth. Mentum (Figure 26 G) with 13 teeth, median tooth with weak lateral notches, somewhat paler, all lateral teeth set in equal distance to each other; ventromental plates medially reaching third lateral tooth of mentum, MVR 1.20 – 1.26, 1.23; premandible (Figure 26 H) with two teeth, well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 26 I) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 45 – 48, 47 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 26 J) narrow, split in middle. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 16 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal tubules not visible in larval exuviae; supraanal seta strong, 315 Mm long; procercus ca 30 Mm long with two short (ca 200 Mm long) and four long (ca 600 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks A lectotype is here designated for future stabilization of taxonomy. Although the measurements and ratios of the male in the original description are written in singular, I regard it as very likely that Goetghebuer examined all the specimens with the identical locality labels ‘‘ Meirelbeke, 6.5.20 ’’ when describing the species. Which exact specimen was used for the original description is not certain, thus all the four male adults in RBINS are considered part of the type material. Stempellinella saltuum has been recorded from Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Romania, and Sweden (Saether and Spies 2004), but I have only seen material from Belarus and Belgium, and cannot confirm the other records in Fauna Europaea. The species is very similar to S. brevis in the adult male, but can be separated by the v-shaped anal point crests and the numerous median tergite setae. The larva and pupa are apparently most similar to those of S. ciliaris, but S. saltuum can be separated from this species by the longer thoracic horn, longer anterior dorsocentrals and more taeniate setae in the anal fringe in the pupa, and by a higher AR and longer distal Lauterborn organ pedicel in the larva. The larvae of S. saltuum build small, straight transportable cases of detritus, and are found in floodplain streams and brooklets.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B46FFCFFF2C065081DFF943.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: „ (CNC) Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., NW Miramichi River, 29 July 1962, J. Marshall. Paratypes: 2 „„ (1 CNC, 1 VM) as holotype. Etymology The species is named in honour of Mary and Jim Sublette for their great contributions to Chironomidae research. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella sublettorum can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with AR ca 0.9; anal point with several welldeveloped, often trifid, spinulae in an area which extend from between well-developed anal crests to the anal tergite itself; strong median tergite setae present; lateral anal tergite setae absent; setiger of superior volsella comparatively large, elongate oval, straight or slightly concave median margin, with broad base; median volsella 50 Mm long, conspicuously bent posteriad at half length, stem microtrichose, distally palmate. Description Adult male (n 5 3, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.4 – 1.6 (n 52) mm; wing length 1.01 – 1.06, 1.03 mm. Colour: pale yellow-brown ground colour, scutal stripes, median anepisternum and eyes brown. Eyes darker ventrally. Head (Figure 27 A, B): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 8 – 15, 12 Mm long; antenna (Figure 27 B) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.91 (n 51); lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 20; 25; 60 – 63; 70 – 75; 90 – 120, 105. Clypeus about 40 Mm long with 8 – 10, 9 setae; tentorium ca 90 Mm long, 15 Mm wide; two or three inner verticals, two outer vertical, two postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 8 – 10, 9; dorsocentrals 5 – 6; humerals 0 – 1; prealars 1; scutellars 6; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 27 C): cuneiform, 3.0 – 3.1 times longer than broad; VR 1.52 – 1.61, 1.57; wing setation as in Figure 27 C. Legs (Figure 27 D): fore tibia with 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 10 Mm long tibial combs, one comb on each tibia with 28 – 30 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli minute, reaching base of claws. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 27 E, F): anal tergite 93 – 100, 96 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band, four to seven, five strong median setae far from anal point base, sometimes one small setae near base; lateral anal tergite seta absent; anal point 45 – 48, 47 Mm long, basally 12 – 13 Mm broad with well-developed crests, distally thin and pointed; 8 – 11 strong, often trifid, spinulae between anal crests and at base of anal point; microtrichia-free areas on each side of anal point. Gonocoxite 75 Mm long; gonostylus 50 Mm long; HR 1.50 superior volsella comparatively large, setiger more or less elongate oval, median margin straight or slightly, base broad, five dorsal and two median setae, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella 50 Mm long, conspicuously bent posteriad at half length, stem distally palmate with numerous microtrichia; inferior volsella 50 – 60, 57 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, medially curved distally, with five distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia, long, thin digitus with split apex near base. Adult female, pupa, and larva. Unknown. Remarks Stempellinella sublettorum can easily be separated from all other Stempellinella species by its microtrichose, conspicuously bent median volsella. The species has so far only been recorded from its type locality in New Brunswick.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B40FFD2FF2C061081F1FEA9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Canada: British Columbia: 1 „ (ZSM) Clinton, Loon Creek Fish Hatchery, 1 – 2 June 1976, I. M. Smith; 1 „ (ZSM) Caycuse, 17 – 18 June 1979, I. M. Smith. Japan: 3 „„ (NSMT) Toyama, Kumano River, Monjuji-hashi, station 5, 30 May 1989 (No. 207: 45 – 47); 2 „„ (VM) Hiroshima, Ichikawa, Shiraki, 21 October 2003, E. Inoue; 1 „ (VM) Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiwa, 24 December 2003, E. Inoue; 2 „„, 5 ♀♀ (VM) Kanagawa Pref., Kawasaki, Ikuta Green Park, 35 ° 369370 N, 139 ° 339250 E, emergence, 8 February 1992, T. Kobayashi. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella tamaseptima can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with AR 0.6 – 1.0; anal point with numerous strong spinulae between well-developed anal crests; strong median setae on anal tergite; lateral anal tergite setae absent; setiger of superior volsella roughly rectangular with concave median margin, base wider than horizontal distance between superior and median volsellae; median volsella 35 – 40 Mm long with microtrichose, palmate stem. Adult female with AR 0.31 – 0.35; few or no setae on vaginal floor; seminal capsules 54 – 60 Mm in diameter; spermathecal ducts longer than notum and rami combined, and usually longer than 200 Mm; notum longer than rami; coxosternapodeme with obvious anterolateral lobe. Pupa with separate point patches on abdominal tergites III – VI; one lateral seta on abdominal segment III and IV taeniate, large anteromedian patch of shagreen on tergite VII; anterolateral patches of shagreen on tergites VIII – IX. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.1 – 1.8, 1.4 mm; wing length 0.80 – 1.20, 1.02 (n 57) mm. Colour: head and thorax pale brown with dark brown pedicels, eyes, scutal stripes, postnotum, median anepisternum II, and ventral part of epimeron II, pedicels darker dorsally, eyes darker ventrally; abdomen yellow-green. Head (Sasa 1980, Plate 20, Figures A – C): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, conical, 9 – 15, 12 Mm long; antenna (Figure 28 A) with 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible; AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.56 – 0.96, 0.78, Sasa (1980) reports 0.68 – 069; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 20 – 25, 21; 20 – 30, 24; 60 – 75, 68; 75 – 90, 84; 125 – 130 (n 52). Clypeus about 45 Mm long with 10 – 12, 11 setae; tentorium ca 90 Mm long, 15 Mm wide; two or three inner verticals, two or three outer verticals, two to four postorbitals. Thorax (Sasa 1980, Plate 20, Figure I): scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 9 – 12, 11; dorsocentrals 5 – 6; humerals 0 – 2; prealars 1; scutellars 4 – 6; halterals 5 – 6. Wing (Figure 28 B): cuneiform, 2.9 – 3.3, 3.1 times longer than broad; VR 1.50 – 1.64, 1.58 (6); wing setation as in Figure 28 B. Legs (Sasa 1980, Plate 20, Figures E – H): fore tibia with 15 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with well separated, 10 – 12 Mm long tibial combs, one comb on each tibia with 24 – 35, 27 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 28 C – E): anal tergite 75 – 100, 88 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band, three to six, four strong median setae far from anal point base, sometimes one to three smaller setae near base; lateral anal tergite seta absent; anal point 36 – 45, 40 Mm long, basally 6 – 10, 9 Mm broad with well-developed crests, distally usually thin and pointed (Figure 28 D); 9 – 16, 12 (n 57) strong spinulae between anal crests; microtrichia present around base of anal point. Gonocoxite 70 – 80, 75 Mm long; gonostylus 42 – 55, 47 (n 57) Mm long; HR 1.45 – 1.86, 1.60. Superior volsella (Figure 28 E) comparatively large, setiger with rectangular appearance, concave median margin, five dorsal and two median setae on medially directed apex, superior volsella otherwise bare, base of setiger broader than horizontal distance between superior and median volsellae; digitus absent; median volsella 35 – 40, 39 (n 57) Mm long, posteriorly directed, palmate stem with long microtrichia, with simple 10 Mm long lamellae; inferior volsella 45 – 65, 55 (n 57) Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with five or six distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female tentatively associated (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.3 – 1.5, 1.4 (n 53); wing length 1.08 – 1.13, 1.10. Colour: as male except antennal pedicels pale. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles 8 – 9 Mm long; antenna (Figure 28 F) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 60 – 67, 64 Mm long, AR 0.31 – 0.35, 0.33; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 18 – 24, 22; 24 – 30, 26; 60 – 75, 65; 69 – 87, 78; 120 (n 54). Clypeus with 9 – 15, 11 setae. Thorax: scutal tubercle weak hump; acrostichals 14 – 17, 15; dorsocentrals 5 – 8, 6; humerals 3 – 4; prealars 1; scutellars 6 – 9, 7; halterals 5. Wing: as male, except 2.8 – 3.0, 2.9 times longer than wide; VR 1.48 – 1.74, 1.60. Legs: as male. Genitalia (Figure 28 G): tergite IX semicircular, about 45 Mm long; sternite VIII with 19 – 38, 27 setae, of which none to two are placed on vaginal floor; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long posteromedially directed microtrichia; gonocoxite IX with one or two setae; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 111 – 126, 118 Mm long, notum alone ca 63 – 70 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 54 – 60, 55 Mm with 195 – 225, 209 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate subtriangular. Cercus 40 – 50, 45 Mm long. Pupa (from Sasa 1980, p 22, Plate 22). Length of abdomen 1.37 – 1.45 mm. Colour of pupal exuviae unknown, but at least abdominal segments VIII – IX are darkened laterally. Cephalothorax: thoracic horn 470 – 490 Mm long with few chaetae on distal half. Abdomen: TII with central, rectangular point patch; hook row with ca 30 hooks. TIII – VI with paired central point patches, patches on TIII considerably smaller; TVII with anteromedian, rectangular patch of shagreen; TVIII – IX with small anterolateral patches of shagreen. Pedes spurii A and B not apparent in drawing. Segment II with 4 D, 3 L setae; segment III with 4 D, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment IV with no dorsal setae in original drawing, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 4 D, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 4 D, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX without dorsal seta on anal lobe, 16 taeniate setae in anal fringe. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Remarks The slide box containing the type material (A 43) appears to be missing from the Sasa collection at NSMT (T. Kobayashi, personal communication) and the type material was therefore unavailable for examination. The females described here are tentatively associated with the males. Both sexes were found at the locality in Kawasaki and the females are morphologically different from the other Stempellinella species recorded in Japan. Unfortunately no pupae were available for this study, and the original pupal description differs considerably from the typical Stempellinella pattern. For instance, no Stempellinella species has so far been seen with the abdominal tergal armament and setation described for S. tamaseptima (Sasa 1980, Plate 22), a pattern found to be relatively constant in both Stempellinella and Zavrelia. Thus, there is a chance that Sasa’s description of the pupa is inaccurate, and that most of the deviations from closely related Stempellinella species (e. g. S. fimbriata and S. truncata) are due to misinterpretations by Sasa. The material used by Sasa (1990) is in bad condition. Two of the specimens are unrecognizable, and one specimen (No. 207: 45) is a Tanytarsus.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B5CFFD5FF2C02E681F4FCBC.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined South Africa: 1 „ (VM), Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Sandrif, Driehoek River, Maalgat, 32 ° 25.5269 S, 19 ° 07.8949 E, 820 m a. s. l., 28 December 2004, T. Ekrem and E. Stur; 1 Pex (PSC) as previous except 12 – 14 January 2004, P. S. Cranston; 3 L, 1 Lex, 2 Pex, 1 LP („) (VM), Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Grootkloof, Rondegatsrivier at Jamaka Organic Farm, 32 ° 20.5799 S, 19 ° 01.4909 E, 30 December 2004, T. Ekrem and E. Stur; 1 P (♀) (PSC) as previous except 8 – 9 January 2005, P. S. Cranston; 2 Pex (PSC), Western Cape Province, Jonkerhoek nr. Stellenbosch, 29 January 1998, P. S. Cranston; 1 LP, 1 Lex, 1 Pex (AMGS), Western Cape Province, Franschoek, tributary to Berg River, 33 ° 58.0389 S, 19 ° 04.8629 E, 299 m a. s. l., 5 January 2005, T. Ekrem and E. Stur; 1 ♀, 1 „ (AMGS: GEN 639 C, GEN 649 B), E Transvaal, Lone Creak near Sabie, reared in lab., 8 April 1961, 8 May 1961; 1 L (AMGS) Kwazulu Natal, Tugela River, Pumphouse stables nr. Rugged Glen, 28 ° 419020 S, 29 ° 009340 E, stones in current, 4 October 1999; 1 L as previous except Royal Natal National Park, Mahoi River at visitors centre, 28 ° 419180 S, 28 ° 569380 E, stones in large pool, 3 October 1999; 4 L (AMGS), Eastern Cape Province, Antelope Park Spruit, 30 ° 499020 S, 28 ° 129300 E, 4 October 1990, F. C. de Moor and H. M. Barber. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella truncata can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: adult male with wing length ca 0.9 mm; AR about 0.6 – 0.9; anal point long, narrow, with 3 – 10 small spinulae between well-developed anal crests; strong median and lateral setae on anal tergite; superior volsella medially curved, basomedian seta on obvious tubercle; median volsella barely reaching apex of superior volsella, with microtrichose, palmate stem. Adult female with AR 0.29 – 0.30; few or no setae on vaginal floor; vaginal floor small, covering about one-quarter of vaginal opening ventrally; seminal capsules small, diameter less than length of notum; spermathecal ducts longer than notum and rami combined, but shorter than 200 Mm; notum longer than rami; coxosternapodeme with obvious anterolateral lobe. Pupa with well-developed, narrow, conical cephalic tubercles; thorax with anterodorsal sculpturing; anterior and posterior dorsocentrals fine, of equal length; thoracic horn long, thin with small, scattered chaetae on distal half; tergites II – VI with large point patches; pleurae IV – VII with shagreen. Larva with large (ca 40 Mm long), digitiform spur on antennal pedestal; AR ca 0.9; proximal Lauterborn organ placed on 5 Mm long pedicel, distal organ on 15 – 20 Mm long pedicel; antennal blade just reaching apex of distal Lauterborn organ; S 3 split in three branches; premandible with three teeth. Redescription Adult male (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.3 – 1.5, 1.4 (n 54) mm; wing length 0.81 – 0.99, 0.93 mm. Colour: cleared specimens pale brown with somewhat darker scutal stripes, postnotum and antennal pedicels, eyes red with darker ventral margin. Head (Figure 29 A – C): eyes without dorsomedian elongation; frontal tubercle large, tubular, 12 – 20, 15 Mm long; antenna with 12 or 13 flagellomeres of which only 10 are easily discernible (see variation in Figure 29 B, C); AR (on 10 flagellomeres) 0.51 – 0.91, 0.64 (n 54); lengths of palpomeres (in Mm): 15 – 25, 20; 15 – 25, 20; 42 – 65, 55; 54 – 76, 70; 81 – 119, 103. Clypeus about 40 Mm long with 9 – 12 setae; tentorium ca 90 Mm long, 16 Mm wide; two inner verticals, two or three outer verticals, two to four postorbitals. Thorax: scutal tubercle absent; acrostichals 8 – 13, 11; dorsocentrals 5 – 8, 7; humerals 2; prealars 1; scutellars 6 – 8; halterals 5. Wing (Figure 29 D, E): cuneiform, 2.8 – 3.4, 3.1 times longer than broad; VR 1.62 – 1.64, 1.63; wing setation as in Figure 29 D, E. Legs (Figure 29 F): fore tibia with 5 – 20, 13 Mm long spur; mid and hind tibiae with wellseparated, 9 – 15, 11 Mm long tibial combs, one comb on each tibia with 22 – 30, 28 Mm long spur; tarsi without sensilla chaetica; pulvilli absent. Lengths and ratios of leg segments in Table III. Hypopygium (Figure 29 G, H): anal tergite 72 – 94, 83 Mm long with transverse anal tergite band, four to seven, five strong median setae far from anal point base, one lateral seta, 16 – 25, 19 apical setae; anal point 33 – 45, 37 Mm long, basally 5 – 10, 7 Mm broad with well-developed crests, distally thin and pointed; 3 – 10, 7 small spinulae between anal crests; microtrichia present around base of anal point. Gonocoxite 60 – 76, 68 Mm long; gonostylus 36 – 48, 42 Mm long; HR 1.37 – 1.90, 1.63. Superior volsella medially curved with three dorsal and three median setae on setiger, basomedian seta on obvious tubercle, superior volsella otherwise bare; digitus absent; median volsella ca 30 Mm long, posteriorly directed, palmate stem with long microtrichia and 5 – 12, 7 Mm long simple lamellae; inferior volsella ca 50 Mm long, slightly club-shaped, with several distal setae, dorsal surface without microtrichia. Adult female (n 5 4, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.0 – 1.2, 1.1; wing length 0.82 – 1.03, 0.94. Colour: as male except antennal pedicels pale. Head: as male, except cephalic tubercles 5 – 13, 8 Mm long; antenna (Figure 29 I) with five flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 50 Mm long, AR 0.29 – 0.32, 0.31; lengths of palpomeres (in Mm, n 53): 25; 20; 45 – 50, 48; 65 – 70, 68; 115 – 120 (n 52). Clypeus with 7 – 10, 9 setae. Thorax: scutal tubercle weak hump; acrostichals 12 – 15, 14; dorsocentrals 5 – 7, 6; humerals 2 – 3; prealars 1; scutellars 5 – 6; halterals 5. Wing: as male, except 2.7 – 3.1, 2.9 times longer than wide; VR 1.51 – 1.73, 1.61. Legs: as male except up to two sensilla chaetica on mid tarsus 1. Genitalia (Figure 29 J): tergite IX slightly triangular, about 38 Mm long; sternite VIII with 18 – 28, 22 setae, of which none to two are placed on vaginal floor; gonapophysis VIII single lobe with long medially directed microtrichia; gonocoxapodeme slightly curved; coxosternapodeme well developed with obvious anterior and posterior lobes. Notum including rami 90 – 111, 100 Mm long, notum alone ca 60 – 82, 72 Mm long. Seminal capsules ovoid, diameter 35 – 52, 43 Mm with 100 – 195, 146 Mm long spermathecal ducts. Postgenital plate subtriangular. Cercus 30 – 40, 36 Mm long. Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.6 – 2.2, 1.9 mm; abdomen 1.2 – 1.6, 1.4 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdomen, in particular on segment VIII. Cephalothorax (Figure 30 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, narrow, conical, 27 – 33, 30 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 120 – 192, 150 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 270 – 360, 303 Mm long with some minute chaetae scattered on distal half; precorneals taeniate, arranged in slight triangular pattern, the two anteriormost setae situated closer to each other than to the third, anterior precorneal ca 210 Mm, longer than other two (130 – 150 Mm long); one taeniate median antepronotal ca 270 Mm long, two lateral antepronotals (one sensillum basiconicum); two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, setae of each pair equally strong. Fine sculpturing present on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath strong. Abdomen (Figure 30 C): TII with comparatively large, oval to subtriangular point patches; hook row 60 – 90, 79 Mm wide with 28 – 39, 35 hooks. TIII – VI with p - shaped point patches, patches on TIII somewhat smaller; TVII – IX with small anterior patches of shagreen. Segment II with well-developed pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 3 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 L, 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 13 – 16, 15 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII. Pleurae IV – VII with anterior shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Larva (n 5 4, unless otherwise stated). Total length ca 1.8 mm, larval case ca 2 mm. Head capsule brown, dark brown postoccipital rim and teeth on mandible and mentum. Live individuals with light yellow body. Head (Figure 30 D – I): AR 0.82 – 0.95, 0.89; antennal pedestal 54 – 60, 57 Mm long with strong, 36 – 42, 40 Mm digitiform spur; antenna (Figure 30 D) with all segments well sclerotized, segment lengths (in Mm): 51 – 63, 51; 33 – 36, 34; 12 – 18, 15; 8 – 11, 10; 4 – 6, 5; segment 3 inserted subapically on segment 2; AAR 0.90 – 1.11, 1.00. Antennal seta placed at base just above ring organ; antennal blade ca 70 Mm long, pale, reaching slightly beyond tip of antenna; peg of antennal segment 2 placed at two-thirds length of segment. Lauterborn organs large, bulbous, 21 – 24, 23 Mm long; proximal organ placed at one-third length of segment 2 on 5 Mm long pedicel, apical organ on 15 – 20 Mm long pedicel; SII and chaetae plumose; chaetulae simple; S 3 long and split in three branches (Figure 30 E); pecten epipharyngis consists of three well-developed chaetae; labral lamella with ca 20 teeth. Mentum (Figure 30 F) with 13 teeth, median tooth without lateral notches, somewhat paler; ventromental plates medially reaching second lateral tooth of mentum, MVR ca 1.2; premandible (Figure 30 G) with three teeth, well-developed brush; mandible (Figure 30 H) with pecten mandibularis slightly convex, seta subdentalis 36 Mm long; postoccipital plate (Figure 30 I) well developed. Body: anterior parapods with long, simple spines; hind parapods with 12 – 16 simple hooks; L 2 apparently simple; anal segment without anal tubules; supraanal seta strong, ca 200 Mm long; procercus with two short (ca 110 Mm long) and four long (ca 500 Mm long) anal setae, the short setae situated individually, and not on the common base of the long setae. Remarks The species fits the diagnostic characters for the genus Stempellinella, and is hereby transferred to this genus. The male specimens from Natal and eastern Transvaal differ from specimens from the Western Cape Province by having a broader wing, lower AR, narrower antennal plume and somewhat higher crests of the male anal point (on equal-sized specimens). These differences are here regarded as intraspecific, but future molecular data or immature stages from the northern populations (which were unavailable for this study) might recognize the two populations as separate species. Stempllinella truncata is a common species in clear, fast-flowing streams and smaller rivers in mountainous areas of South Africa. The water is neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 7 – 8), and the stream beds typically consist of boulders, cobbles, and some bedrock. The larvae and pupae of S. truncata live in sand and silt in quiet backwater sections where they build their small cases of sand grains and organic particles.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B5BFFDBFFDB00D4805EFD72.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined China: 2 Pex (ZSM), Jilin Province, Dongbei, river at road half way between Songjiang and Erdobaihe, 12 June 1980, E. J. Fittkau; 1 Pex as previous, except at river by Songjiang. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella sp. A can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: pupa with moderately developed, broadly conical cephalic tubercles; thoracic horn long and thin with numerous small chaetae scattered on middle one-third; thorax with scattered sculpturing dorsally; anterior dorsocentrals slightly longer than posterior dorsocentrals; point patches on tergite II small, starting just anterior to seta D 5; tergite six with anterolateral shagreen patches in addition to large point patches; anal lobe with 19 – 20 taeniae. Description Pupa (n 5 3, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.2 – 2.5, 2.3 mm; abdomen 1.6 – 1.8, 1.7 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII and anal lobe. Cephalothorax (Figure 31 A, B): cephalic tubercle moderately developed, broad conical, 18 – 30, 24 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 150 – 200, 170 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent. Thoracic horn 300 – 360, 320 Mm long, 15 – 24, 21 Mm wide with 4 – 5 Mm long chaetae scattered on middle one-third; precorneals taeniate, arranged in almost a row on obvious mound, ca 200 Mm long, anterior setae placed somewhat closer to each other; median antepronotal taeniate, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate, one long sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair 45 – 50 Mm long, posterior pair 30 Mm long. Area of fine sculpturing dorsally on thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath well developed. Abdomen (Figure 31 C): TII with small triangular posteriomedian point patches which start slightly anteriorly to seta D 5; hook row 85 – 100, 92 Mm wide with 35 – 42, 38 hooks. TIII – VI with large, p - shaped point patches, patches on TVI smaller; TVI – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 3 V, 2 simple and 1 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 2 simple and 1 taeniate L setae; segment V with 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 3 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 19 – 20 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VIII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleurae IV – V with small fields of weak shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Remarks Stempellinella sp. A is recorded only from the Jilin Province in China. A formal name has not been given since only a few pupal exuviae are known, and it is uncertain if these correspond to an Asian Stempellinella species known only from the adult.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
CD7F70626B55FFD9FFDB019C806FFCFE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined China: 1 Pex (ZSM), Jilin Province, Dongbei, river at road half way between Songjiang and Erdobaihe, 12 June 1980, E. J. Fittkau. USA, MN (UMSP): 1 Pex, Dakota Co., Chub Crk., upstream Eveleth Ave., N of Northfield, 44.5216 ° N, 93.1811 ° W, 3 July 2003, R. W. Bouchard Jr.; 3 Pex, Scott Co., City of Savage, City Park, Hidden Valley, Credit River, 44.7608 ° N, 93.3424 ° W, 25 July 2004, 8 September 2004, 22 September 2004, R. W. Bouchard Jr.; 1 Pex, Chisago Co. Sunrise River, 45.5584 ° N, 92.8575 ° W, 16 October 2003, L. C. Ferrington Jr. Diagnostic characters Stempellinella sp. B can be separated from other Stempellinella species by the following combination of characters: pupa with well-developed, long, tubular cephalic tubercles; thoracic horn comparatively short and thick with numerous small chaetae scattered on middle one-third; thorax with extensive granulation in apical half; coarse sculpturing on thorax, frontal apotome, and on pedicel sheaths; median antepronotal on obvious tubercle; anterior dorsocentrals slightly longer than posterior dorsocentrals; point patches on tergite II small, starting just anterior to seta D 5; points on tergites three to six posterolaterally directed; anal lobe with 15 – 23 taeniae. Description Pupa (n 5 5, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.0 – 2.4, 2.1 mm; abdomen 1.5 – 1.8, 1.6 mm long. Colour of pupal exuviae pale brown with darker lateral margins on abdominal segments VII – VIII and anal lobe. Cephalothorax (Figure 32 A, B): cephalic tubercle well developed, tubular, 45 – 63, 53 Mm long; frontal setae taeniate, 90 – 150, 108 Mm long; pedicel sheath tubercle absent; coarse sculpturing on frontal apotome and pedicel sheaths. Thoracic horn 250 – 300, 276 Mm long, 35 – 45, 40 Mm wide with 3 – 5 Mm long chaetae scattered on middle one-third; precorneals taeniate, arranged in slight triangle on obvious mound, ca 120 – 200 Mm long, anterior setae placed closer to each other; median antepronotal taeniate 150 – 240, 195 Mm long, two lateral antepronotals: one taeniate ca 105 Mm long, one long sensillum basiconicum; two pairs of fine dorsocentrals, anterior pair 45 – 70, 54 Mm long, posterior pair 25 – 35, 30 Mm long. Extensive granulation in anterior half of thorax, a few stronger granules present along median suture line, coarse sculpturing below anterior dorsocentrals. Prealar tubercle well developed, wide; nose of wing sheath well developed. Abdomen (Figure 32 C): TII with small triangular posteriomedian point patches which start slightly anteriorly to seta D 5; hook row 105 – 125, 117 Mm wide with 42 – 59, 49 hooks. TIII – V with small point patches in which at least posterior points are posterolaterally directed; TVI with four point patches, points posterolaterally directed; TVI – IX with anterolateral patches of shagreen. Segment II with pedes spurii B; segment IV with pedes spurii A. Segment II with 2 D, 2 V, 3 L setae; segment III with 3 D, 2 V, 1 simple and 2 taeniate L setae; segment IV with 3 D, 3 V, 1 simple and 2 taeniate L setae; segment V with 2 – 3 D, 3 V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment VI – VII with 2 D, 3 V, 4 taeniate L setae, segment VIII with 1 D, 1 semi-taeniate V, 3 taeniate L setae; segment IX with 1 D seta on anal lobe, 15 – 23, 19 taeniate setae in anal fringe. One pair of O-setae present anteriorly on tergites II – VII and anterolaterally on sternites II – VIII. Pleurae IV – VII with small fields of weak shagreen. Posterolateral spur on segment VIII well developed. Remarks Stempellinella sp. B is recorded only from Jilin Province in China and Minnesota in the USA. The only observable difference between the material from these two widely separate localities is that the Chinese specimen is slightly larger and somewhat less sculptured on the thorax and frontal apotome. These small differences are here regarded as intraspecific. A formal name is not given since only pupal skins are known, and it is uncertain if these correspond to a Stempellinella species known only from the adult.	en	Ekrem, Torbjørn (2007): A taxonomic revision of the genus Stempellinella (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24): 1367-1465, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701437360, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701437360
