taxonID	type	description	language	source
A04B98DB169265AD3630A72F9CE5D5B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. With the synonymisation of Mesobola and Engraulicypris, Guenther's (1894) diagnosis of Engraulicypris must be modified to include the species assigned to Mesobola. Engraulicypris is a genus of moderately small African chedrin barbs (sensu Tang et al. 2010; Liao et al. 2011, 2012) identified by a lack of a scaly lobe at the base of the pelvic or pectoral fin; a large mouth reaching the anterior border of the orbit or beyond; a dorsal fin origin originating behind midpoint of standard length, more or less above the origin of the anal fin; a pectoral fin not reaching the origin of the anal fin; and body colouration lacking vertical bars or bands. Osteological characters are discussed by Liao et al. (2011, 2012) for Mesobola and by Liao et al. (2012) for Engraulicypris.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
A04B98DB169265AD3630A72F9CE5D5B0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Engraulicypris alludes to the anchovy-like form (eggraulis, - eos [eggraulis, - eos]; Greek) of these relatives of the carp (kyprinos [kyprinos]; Greek).	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
A04B98DB169265AD3630A72F9CE5D5B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern and Eastern Africa.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
7C1E77D218F261D24EE6F4684FED1C5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Engraulicypris brevianalis: Holotype, BMNH No 1907.4.17: 90, SL 67 mm. " Mkuzi River, Zululand, Transvaal ". [BMNH]. Engraulicypris whitei: Syntypes, SAIAB 30040 (ex TM 15024) (5) and SAIAB 30041 (ex TM 16022) (4), " Aapies River (Limpopo System) near Petronella and near Hammanskraal (Transvaal) ". Other material, see Table 2.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
7C1E77D218F261D24EE6F4684FED1C5B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Caudal fin membrane clear towards vivid yellow at fork; anal fin extending two thirds of length of caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle moderately long; operculum entirely (not partially) shiny; body midline silver (not black); iris dark to light grey (not white); head with tubercles along lower jaw and lower head in breeding males; snout rounded (not pointed), darker dorsally; pelvic fin melanophores absent.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
7C1E77D218F261D24EE6F4684FED1C5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ' Brevianalis' alludes to the relatively short anal fin. ' Whitei' honours Mr A. G. White, who collected the type specimens in the Aapies River near Petronella and Hammanskraal.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
7C1E77D218F261D24EE6F4684FED1C5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland, Mocambique: Limpopo River, Incomati River, Pongolo River, St Lucia system, Mkhuze River.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
7C1E77D218F261D24EE6F4684FED1C5B.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Pelagic species preferring close proximity to substrate and seeking out slacker areas such as backwater, eddies and pools below riffles. Occurs in shoals and prefers well-aerated, open water in flowing rivers (Skelton 2001), favouring the upper stratum (Engelbrecht and Mulder 1999). Feeds from water column on planktonic crustaceans and insects (e. g. midges and ants) (Skelton 2001). Caught at night with light. Breeding occurs in early summer (Skelton 2001). Found in dams where appears to propagate successfully with little predation and moves around in rivers according to seasonal flows. Appears to migrate up streams in spring to breed where it is found in tributaries.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
5DBA562CDAE6BDE2A4EFA13EAEF7B064.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAIAB 193617, 6 unsexed, 2 cleared & stained: SL 43 - 44 mm. Namibia, Orange River, Noordower, 28 ° 44 ' 50 " S 17 ° 36 ' 32 " E, 21 October 2006, R. Bills; SAIAB 78822, 7 unsexed, 2 cleared & stained: SL 39 - 41 mm. Namibia, Orange River, Felix Unite Camp, 28 ° 41 ' 19 " S 17 ° 33 ' 20 " E, 20 October 2006, R. Bills; 2 unsexed, SAIAB 78805, 42 - 47 mm. Namibia, Orange River, Houms River Camp Site, 28 ° 52 ' 5 " S 18 ° 36 ' 42 " E, 18 October 2006, R. Bills; SAIAB 74232, 10 unsexed, 2 cleared & stained: SL 29 - 41 mm. South Africa, Orange River, Pella Drift lower site, 28 ° 57 ' 47 " S 19 ° 6 ' 36 " E, 28 January 2004, R. Bills & N. Jones.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
5DBA562CDAE6BDE2A4EFA13EAEF7B064.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Caudal fin membrane clear to pale orange towards midline; anal fin extending over three quarters of length of caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle short; operculum entirely (not partially) shiny; body midline silver (not black); iris dark to light grey (not white); head with tubercles along lower jaw and lower head in breeding males; snout rounded, with dense dark spotting on tip; pelvic fin melanophores absent.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
5DBA562CDAE6BDE2A4EFA13EAEF7B064.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ' Gariepinus ' refers to the Gariep, a San name for the Orange River that means ' Great water'.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
5DBA562CDAE6BDE2A4EFA13EAEF7B064.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Namibia: Lower Orange River system, Fish River (Barnard 1943).	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
5DBA562CDAE6BDE2A4EFA13EAEF7B064.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This shoaling fish favours open, shallow water, normally occurring in slack pools and particularly below riffles. Populations found in the lower Orange and Fish Rivers are limited by the Augrabies and Fish River Falls. They are thought to feed mainly on small autochthonous invertebrates (planktonic crustaceans or insects), and are caught in large numbers where they occur. They are restricted to turbid waters, which provide protection from visual predators (R. Bills, pers. obs.).	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
A1D701CB85494D219344E7056D7011B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anal fin extending over three quarters of length of caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle short; operculum entirely (not partially) shiny; body midline silver (not black); iris dark to light grey (not white); head with tubercles along lower jaw and lower head in breeding males; snout rounded; pelvic fin melanophores absent.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
A1D701CB85494D219344E7056D7011B0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Gordon John Howes (1938 - 2013), whose studies of the osteology of the Danioninae (Howes 1980, 1984) laid the foundations of their modern classification. The epithet is a genitive noun.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
A1D701CB85494D219344E7056D7011B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Namibia, Angola: Cunene River system.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
A1D701CB85494D219344E7056D7011B0.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Very little is known of the biology of this species. Individuals appear to favour turbid, rocky, river regions where they can gather in pockets of recirculating currents. The holotype and some paratypes were collected in the shallow, turbid Olushandja Dam in the Namibian upper reaches of the system. They feed on drifting invertebrate larvae and adults and plankton.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Operculum shiny only on ventral posterior edge and small area at posterior edge of orbit (not entire area); body midline black (not silver); head with tubercles along lower jaw and lower head in breeding males; snout rounded (not pointed); iris white to light grey (not dark grey) with a few melanophores; pelvic fin melanophores present, dark and widely dispersed.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In the Cyao language spoken in the Niassa region of northern Mozambique, the name ' ngalala' denotes any, small, compressed, silvery fish, including Mesobola and species of Brycinus Valenciennes, 1850 and Hemigrammopetersius Pellegrin, 1926. The epithet is treated as a nominative singular noun in apposition.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mozambique, Malawi: Rovuma River system and Lake Chiuta.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species is found in ecological conditions very similar to those characteristic of Engraulicypris gariepinus (Bills 2004). It favours big rivers, gathering in slack, turbid and shallow regions with sandy, rocky or muddy substrates. In Lake Chiuta specimens were caught in reed beds along the margins. The Lake Chiuta and Rovuma River stocks may differ ecologically because Lake Chiuta offers a lacustrine pelagic and benthic prey community (copepods, etc.) that is not found in the Rovuma River channel, where fish would predominantly have access to invertebrate drift.	en	Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, Villet, Martin H. (2016): Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini). ZooKeys 641: 121-150, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434
