taxonID	type	description	language	source
C92F87C6FFEFFFF6FF20E7BAFB7EF802.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male body tear-drop shaped, approximately 2.5 times longer than wide. Cuticular striations, variably pronounced. Cephalon wider than long. Oral cone anteriorly directed. Eyes forming hyaline lens. Antennule article 1, coxal plates and pleotelson without posterior teeth. Antenna arising from beneath posterior margin of antennule, flagellar articles of similar length. Propodus of pereopods 3 – 5 quadrate with broad stout seta in notch on distal margin, dactylus 0.5 – 0.7 propodus length. Dactylus of pereopods 6 and 7 approximately as long as propodus. Pleopod rami in line with each other; endopod with internal cuticular ring present basally. Pleotelson posterior margin entire, posterior lobe width not exceeding 0.5 posterior margin. Uropod exopod 0.35 – 0.50 as long as exopod and 0.30 – 0.45 as wide. Anal tube absent. Immature female segments fused, lacking limbs except for uniarticulated antennae, mouthparts and modified pereopod 2. Mature female fusiform or anteriorly globose, posteriorly annulated, cephalic limbs further reduced or absent, pereopod 2 absent.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEFFFF6FF20E7BAFB7EF802.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The Crinoniscidae is so far only known to parasitise sessile and pedunculate barnacles. Male crinoniscids are distinguished from those of Hemioniscidae by less prominent cuticular striations, the absence of posterior teeth on the antennule and the small exopod of the uropods. During gender transition crinoniscids lose all traces of the male form, including limbs, eyes, mouthparts and segmentation, whereas hemioniscids, the first 3 anterior segments, at least, remain differentiated. The families Cryptoniscidae Kossman, 1880 (= Liriopsidae Bonnier, 1900) and Asconiscidae Bonnier, 1900 also lack teeth on the antennule article 1, coxal plates and pleotelson. The males of the former possess a long styliform dactylus and very short propodus on pereopods 6 and 7. Female Cryptoniscidae also lose all trace of the male morphology; instead the body is divided into two sections connected by a narrow neck, the anterior section embedded into the host while the posterior remains exposed (Altes 1981; Caullery 1908; Peresan & Roccatagliata 2005; Sars 1899). The sole species of Asconiscidae, Asconiscus simplex Sars, 1899, has relatively large exopods on the uropods and heavy sculpturing on antennule article two, forming four posteriorly directed teeth; the anterior margin of the antennule is straight and perpendicular to a long straight mesial margin which abuts onto its opposite member. In contrast, antennule article 1 in crinoniscids the anterior and mesial margins are more rounded. Asconiscid females still retain the empty exuviae of the male, with which it remains attached to the host (Sars 1899). Bocquet-Vedrine (1985, 1987) considered Crinoniscidae to be a subfamily within the Cryptoniscidae, citing the similarities between the antennule and between the epicaridium larvae. However, because the two proposed subfamilies Cryptoniscinae and Crinoniscinae can be readily distinguished in both the larval and adult stages, I have followed Bonnier’s (1900) arrangement of the Cryptoniscoidea, with the nomenclatural corrections made by Grygier & Bowman (1991) and kept the Crinoniscidae separate from the Cryptoniscidae. The family contains two genera – Crinoniscus Perez, 1900 and Proteolepas Darwin, 1854, but a third genus, Leponiscus Giard, 1887, was proposed to belong within the family by Bocquet-Vedrine & Bocquet (1972) on the basis of L. alepadis Gruvel, 1902. However, the type species, L. anatifae (Hesse, 1867) (and original placement) for this genus is currently placed within Hemioniscidae (see remarks for Hemioniscidae below). The sole species of Proteolepas, P. b i v i n c t a Darwin, 1854, was mistakenly described as a cirripede based on a single (immature?) female specimen parasitising Paralepas cornuta (Darwin, 1851) collected from St Vincent, Caribbean Sea. Bocquet-Vedrine (1972) transferred the species to the Crinoniscidae based on the similarities with immature female C. equitans. It is presently impossible to assess the identity and position of Proteolepas without knowledge of mature females or males. Presently Proteolepas bivincta is species inquirendum. If P. bivincta and C. equitans proved to be congeneric, then Proteolepas would have priority.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFF7FF20E7BAFECDFD75.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Crinoniscus equitans Perez, 1900; by monotypy. Composition: Crinoniscus equitans Perez, 1900; C. cephalatus sp. nov.; C. politosummus sp. nov.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFF7FF20E7BAFECDFD75.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: See Remarks.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFF7FF20E7BAFECDFD75.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The type species was originally described from the Gulf of Gascoigne, France, as a parasite of the shallow water barnacle Perforatus perforatus (Darwin, 1854), and redescribed by Bocquet-Vedrine (Bocquet-Vedrine 1985, 1987). As suggested by Bocquet-Vedrinev & Bocquet (1972) L. alepadis should probably be placed within the Crinoniscidae and Gruvel’s (1902) generic placement seems to have been made solely on the basis of the host species — Paralepas minuta Philippi, 1832 — being a pedunculate barnacles as in the case in the other members of the genus Leponiscus. Until further material can be studied L. alepadis is regarded as species inquirendum. The diagnosis of this genus is presently the same as that for the family because the only known specimen of Proteolepas bivincta is a juvenile female and currently indistinguishable from juvenile female’s of Crinoniscus.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFFCFF20E47FFD3EFD64.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: All from Amigdoscalpellum costellatum. Holotype: 1 ɗ 1.98 mm, (NIWA 35048), stn F 876, 3 Oct 1968, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 32.50 ' S, 177 ° 34.00 ' E, 529 m, coll R. V. Taranui. Paratypes: 1 Ψ (NIWA 35015), 1 Ψ, (NIWA 35017), from type locality. 1 Ψ immature (NIWA 35025), 2 ɗ on SEM stub (NIWA 43477), 1 Ψ, immature, attached to host prosoma on SEM stub (NIWA 43478) stn F 870, 2 Oct 1968, North of East Cape, 37 ° 25.50 ' S, 178 ° 10.80 ' E, 263 m, coll. R. V. Taranui. 1 Ψ (NIWA 35037), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35038) 1 ɗ (NIWA 35040), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35041), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35043), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35045), 1 ɗ 1.73 mm (NIWA 35049) 1 ɗ 1.78 mm (NIWA 35051), stn KAH 0001 / 67, 19 Feb 2001, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 35.11 ' S, 177 ° 31.33 ' E, 329 m, coll. R. V. Kaharoa. 2 ɗ 1.67 – 1.74 mm (WAM C 40020), stn TAN 0705 / 155, 16 Apr 2007, eastern Chatham Rise, 42 ° 59.93 ' S, 176 ° 20.90 ' E, 648 m, coll. R. V. Tangaroa. 1 Ψ (NIWA 35019), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35023), stn KAH 0001 / 68, 19 Feb 2000, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 27.19 ' S, 178 ° 2.20 ' E, 242 m, coll. R. V. Kaharoa. 1 Ψ (NIWA 35029), stn KAH 9801 / 39, 25 Jan 1998, Bay of Plenty, 36 ° 57.75 ' S, 176 ° 19.32 ' E, 535 m, 1 Ψ, coll. Kaharoa.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFFCFF20E47FFD3EFD64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: Body hemispherical in lateral view, highest and broadest at pereonites 5 and 6; tapering sharply in posterior segments, with distinct cuticular striations, less prominent on cephalon. Anterior margin of cephalon evenly rounded with distinct rim. Posterolateral angles of cephalon projecting to pereonite 2. Eyes distinct. Antennule with prominent cuticular striations, especially on article 2; article 1 with rounded anterolateral angle. Article 3 anterior and posterior rami with 3 and 4 terminal setae respectively. Antenna reaching to pereonite 5 (setae excluded). Anterior coxal plates rounded, becoming pointed in posterior pairs. Pereopods 3 – 5 with triangular robust seta in notch on propodus distal margin, dactylus 0.55 – 0.60 propodus length. Pereopods 6 and 7 propodus rounded distally, without robust seta, dactylus approximately same length as propodus. Pleotelson wider than long, forming short, narrow, bluntly pointed, straight sided, posterior lobe. Uropod exopod approximately 0.5 length and 0.4 width of endopod. Exopod with 4 terminal setae, endopod with dense tuft of terminal setae. Mature females anteriorly globose, tapering posteriorly into anal lobe. Cephalic limbs much reduced, mouthparts present at anterior end of ventral seam.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFFCFF20E47FFD3EFD64.taxon	description	Description: Male (holotype): Body tear-drop shaped, total length 1.98 mm, widest at pereonite 6 (0.80 mm), anterior segments similar width posterior segments tapering sharply, cephalon length 0.27 mm width 0.81 mm. Cuticular striations distinct, but absent on cephalon and reduced dorsally on pereonites 1 and 2, Anterior margin of cephalon evenly rounded with distinct rim, posterolateral angles produced into flaps extending to pereonite 2. Eyes ovate lateral, near junction with pereonite 1, lens tinted with pinkish pigment. Antennule with cuticular striations on articles 1 and 2. Article 1 margins entire, cuticular striations present on anterior half and near posterior margin; mesial margin straight; abutting against opposite member, lateral margin concave, overlapping some of article 2, 3 setae present near posterior and anterior margins. Article 2 with 6 setae near lateral margin, approximately evenly distributed. Article 3 with bundle of aesthetascs dorsally and 1 seta near base of two uniarticulate rami; anterior and posterior rami with 3 and 4 terminal setae respectively, posterior ramus slightly longer than anterior ramus, 2 aesthetascs near midpoint. Antenna reaching pereonite 5, peduncular articles with prominent striations. Setal formula: 0 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 4. Articles, except basis, cylindrical, flagellar articles approximately half as wide as terminal peduncle article. Pereopods 1 and 2 dactylus short, aquiline, approximately 0.4 propodus length, terminus opposing large teeth on propodus. Propodus large, egg-shaped tapering distally. Carpus triangular, tuft of fine setae at distal angle. Merus subtriangular, long distal seta originating from groove on inner face, single shorter seta present medially. Cuticular striations prominent on all articles, propodus with ctenae. Pereopods 3 – 5 ambulatory, dactylus elongate, about 0.55 – 0.60 propodus length. Propodus distally quadrate and flattened, ventral margin somewhat concave, with triangular robust seta present in notch, 1 single short sharp seta present medially. Carpus and merus triangular, as in pereopods 1 and 2. Ischium with deep groove with subequal sides. Dactylus without cuticular striations, remaining articles as in pereopods 1 and 2. Pereopods 6 and 7 with more slender articles than preceding pereopods, dactylus 0.85 – 0.90 and 0.90 – 1.05 propodus length, respectively. Propodus tapering distally to rounded junction with dactylus, a single seta submedial and supramedial on pereopod 6 and 7, respectively. Merus, carpus, ischium and cuticular striations as in pereopods 3 – 5. Coxal plates without posterior teeth, pereopods 1 and 2 rounded, remainder pointed, all with cuticular striations and lateral comb of short fine setae. Pleopods becoming progressively smaller posteriorly. Pleopods 1 – 5 basis with 2 flattened, mesially directed trifurcate setae; distal margin forming submedially lobed lamella covering bases of rami. Exopod with 5 sparsely plumose setae; lateral seta approximately one-third length of others; exopod quadrate distally, tapering in basal half. Endopod ovate with 5 (3 in pleopod 5) sparsely plumose setae, and internal cuticular ring occupying basal two-thirds. All articles with prominent cuticular striations and ctenae. Ventral abdominal lobe between first pair of pleopods apically rounded with medial notch. Pleotelson twice as wide as long; posterior margin entire, forming blunt, narrow, nearly straight-sided lobe. Uropod basis quadrate, with 2 setae at posterolateral angle. Exopod cylindrical, 0.46 – 0.50 length and 0.39 – 0.43 width of endopod, with 4 terminal setae. Exopod triangular dorsoventrally flattened, 6 small setae present basally on dorsal surface, mesial margin with profuse comb of fine setae, terminally with dense tuft of fine setae. Mature females segments fused, comma-shaped with long tapering posterior annulated anal lobe and a bulbous anterior section. Two small rounded lobes close together directly anterior to the remnants of the mouth parts; paired lobe-like maxillae, fused with labrum and possibly the mandibles which are rounded mounds. From the base of this structure the seam emerges and extends along ventral margin to the base of the annulated anal lobe. Immature female segments fused and becoming globose, medially inflated. Pereopod 2 with dactylus and propodus as in males, but carpus, merus and ischium fused and extremely elongate forming ‘ guy-lines’ up to as long as body. All other limbs absent. Eyes absent, pigment spots in ocular position, first and second antennae uniarticulate. Mandibles multifid. Hosts: Amigdoscalpellum costellatum (Withers, 1935). Specimens of A. costellatum were attached to the spines of Goniocidaris sp. (Echinoida, Cidaridae). Specimens of Paralepas minuta were also present in the samples but none were found to be infested with C. cephalatus.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFFCFF20E47FFD3EFD64.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Crinoniscus cephalatus sp. nov. males can be distinguished from C. equitans by the absence of the anteriorly directed point on the anterolateral margin of antennule article 1, the projecting posterolateral angles of the cephalon; and the small, angular pleotelson posterior lobe. Crinoniscus cephalatus also possesses flat triangular setae on the distal margin of pereopod 3 – 5 propodus, whereas C. equitans has an acute seta. Females can be distinguished from the type species in having a globular anterior section without lobes, rather than the four-lobed ‘ fleur de lis’ shape that characterises female C. equitans. Characters distinguishing C. cephalatus and C. politosummus are discussed below under the account of the latter. Cephalic structures in mature females bear little resemblance to those present in the male form. The two small lobes near the mouthparts of C. cephalatus are possibly the remnants of the antennae, and the peculiar structure of the mature female mouthparts have probably rendered them non-functional.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFEEFFFCFF20E47FFD3EFD64.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the Greek kephalon, meaning head and the Latin alatus, meaning wing; named in reference to the wing-like projections on the cephalon.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE5FFF8FF20E412FC13F864.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype: 1 ɗ 1.18 mm (NIWA 35052) Stn P 946, Monowai Seamount, 25 ° 59.10 ' S, 179 ° 18.10 ' W, 1 Jun 1980, 660 m, from Glyptelasma gigas, coll R. V. Tangaroa. Paratypes: 3 ɗ on SEM stub (NIWA 43479), 2 Ψ on SEM stub (NIWA 43480) from type locality. 1 ɗ 1.06 mm (NIWA 35065), 6 ɗ (NIWA 35067), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35068), 2 ɗ (NIWA 35069), 2 ɗ 1.23 – 1.26 mm (NIWA 35070), 5 ɗ (NIWA 35072) 1 Ψ (NIWA 43388), stn KOK 0506 / 27, 30 Apr 2005, Rumble V Seamount, 36 ° 8.34 ' S, 178 ° 11.59 ' E, 433 m, from Poecilasma kaempferi, coll. R. V. Kaimikai-o-Kanaloa. 2 ɗ 0.98 – 1.07 mm (NIWA 35066), stn KAH 0204 / 15, 15 Apr 2002, Cavalli Seamount, 34 ° 5.98 ' S, 174 ° 6.83 ' E, 480 m, from Glyptelasma gracile, coll. R. V. Kaharoa. 1 ɗ 1.00 mm (WAM C 40021), stn TAN 0616 / 6, 4 Nov 2006, in the vicinity of a cold seep on a topographic feature known as the “ Rock Garden ”, Hikurangi margin, 40 ° 2.31 ’ S, 178 ° 8.58 ’ E, 730 m, from Poecilasma kaempferi, coll. R. V. Tangaroa.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE5FFF8FF20E412FC13F864.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: Body dorsoventrally flattened, widest at pereonite 5, cuticular striations indistinct dorsally, prominent near lateral margins of tergites. Anterior margin of cephalon evenly rounded with distinct rim. Eyes distinct. Antennule with few indistinct cuticular striations. Article 1 with convex mesial margin and lateral margin strongly concave, overlapping some of article 2, forming rounded anterolateral angle. Rami of article 3 both with 3 terminal setae. Antenna extends to pereonite 5 or 6 (setae excluded). Coxal plates with a posteriorly produced acute point with comb of fine setae near tips. Pereopods 3 – 5 with multifurcate robust seta in notch on propodus distal margin, dactylus 0.50 – 0.65 propodus length. Pereopods 6 and 7 propodus with rounded apex, lacking multifurcate seta, dactylus slightly shorter than propodus. Pleotelson forms narrow bell-curve shaped lobe. Uropod exopod approximately 0.45 length and width of endopod. Uropod exopod with 4 terminal setae, endopod with dense tuft of short fine setae. Mature female: Crinoniscid females with globular body bearing 3 lobes projecting ventrally, anal lobe longest. Cephalic region lost — no eyes, mouthparts or antennae. Zigzagged ventral seam runs from between bases of anterior lobes to base of anal lobe.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE5FFF8FF20E412FC13F864.taxon	description	Description: Male (holotype): Body tear-drop shaped. Length 1.18 mm widest at pereonite 5, 0.45 mm, cephalon 0.34 mm width 0.15 mm. Tergites with distinct cuticular striations near lateral margins, becoming smooth dorsally. Eyes ovate, lateral near junction with pereonite 1, lens tinted with pinkish pigment. Antennule article 1 with few indistinct striations, posterior margin entire, anterolateral angle rounded, 3 setae near both posterior and anterior margins, lateral margin strongly concave, overlapping some of second article, mesial margin slightly convex. Article 2 lateral margin with 6 setae, cuticular striations more pronounced than article 1. Article 3 with bundle of aesthetascs dorsal to uniarticulate rami with 1 seta near base of rami. Rami both with 3 terminal setae, posterior ramus slightly longer than anterior ramus, with 2 aesthetascs near midpoint. Antenna reaching pereonite 6, peduncular articles with cuticular striations. Setal formula showing minor variations, 0 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 3 (left), 0 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 0 - 2 - 1 - 2 (right) (holotype). Articles, except basis, cylindrical, flagellar articles of similar width and length, approximately half as wide as terminal peduncular segment. Pereopods 1 and 2 dactylus short, aquiline, approximately 0.3 length of propodus, terminus slots between two multifid spines on propodus. Propodus egg-shaped, two setae near base of dactylus. Carpus triangular, tuft of setae at distal angle. Merus subtriangular, long subterminal seta originating from groove on inner face, single shorter seta present medially. All articles with cuticular striations, propodus with ctenae. Pereopods 3 – 5 ambulatory, dactylus elongate, 0.58 – 0.65 length of propodus, distally curved into terminal hook. Propodus distally quadrate, flattened, stout multifid seta in notch on distal margin, ventral margin slightly concave with 1 stout medial seta. Carpus and merus as in pereopods 1 and 2. Ischium with broad notch receiving merus and carpus. Cuticular striations as in pereopods 1 and 2 except dactylus without striations. Pereopods 6 and 7 with more slender articles than preceding pereopods, dactylus 0.75 – 0.8 and 0.90 – 0.95 propodus length in pereopod 6 and 7 respectively, terminus not as recurved as in pereopods 3 – 5. Propodus semicylindrical, narrower and slightly shorter than that of pereopods 3 – 5, tapering distally with rounded apex lacking multifid seta. Ventral margin with 1 stout seta at the mid point followed by ventral comb of fine setae, bordered distally by single shorter sharp seta. Carpus, merus, ischium and cuticular striations as in pereopods 3 – 5. Coxal plates entire, pointed with distinct cuticular striations and a lateral comb of small setae. Pleopods becoming progressively smaller posteriorly. Pleopods 1 – 5 basis with 2 flattened, mesially directed trifurcate setae; distal margin forming submedial lobe covering base of exopod. Exopod with 5 sparsely plumose setae; lateral seta approximately one-third length of others, exopod quadrate distally, tapering in basal half. Endopods with 5 (3 in pleopod 5) sparsely plumose setae, quadrate distal margin, ovate basally and internal cuticular ring occupying basal two-thirds. All articles with prominent cuticular striations and ctenae, often overrunning margins. Ventral abdominal lobe between first pair of pleopods rounded, with medial notch. Pleotelson longer than wide, posterior margin entire, pronounced into narrow bell-curve shaped lobe. Basis of uropods quadrate with 2 setae at posterolateral angle. Exopod cylindrical, 0.40 – 0.45 as long and 0.40 – 0.45 as wide as endopods, with 4 terminal setae. Endopod triangular dorsoventrally flattened with tuft of 6 short setae basally on dorsal surface, mesial margin with profuse comb of fine setae and a tuft of numerous fine terminal setae. Mature female 1.9 mm long 1.5 mm wide, body globular, dorsally inflated, tri-lobed, 2 anterior lobes of equal size, anal lobe longest slightly annulated. Anterior lobes located either side of zigzagged seam running along ventral surface to the base of anal lobe. Cephalic region indeterminable, no apparent mouthparts or antennae. Immature female thoracic segments fused and becoming globose medially. Pereopod 2 with dactylus and propodus same as in males, but carpus, merus and ischium fused and extremely elongate forming ‘ guy-lines’ up to as long as body. All other limbs absent. Eyes absent, pigment spots in ocular position, first and second antennae uniarticulate. Mandibles multifid. Hosts: Poecilasma kaempferi (Darwin, 1851), Glyptelasma hamatum (Calman, 1919), G. gigas (Annandale, 1916) and G. gracile (Pilsbry, 1907), are all from moderately deep waters (> 100 m). P. kaempferi is epibiotic on decapod crustaceans while the members of Glyptelasma attach to various biotic substrates, including Crustacea and corals.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE5FFF8FF20E412FC13F864.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Crinoniscus politosummus has a close affinity to C. equitans. The anterior margin of antennule article 1 forms an anteriorly directed tooth (Bocquet-Vedrine, 1985; Nielsen & Strömberg, 1973 a) which is absent in the males of C. politosummus. Also there are some subtle differences in the construction of pereopods 3 – 7; the medial seta on the propodus is longer than those of C. politosummus and the terminal seta is not multifid. The posterior lobe on the pleotelson in C. equitans is not as pronounced. The females however are a fusiform, four-lobed (one cephalic, two lateral and one anal) “ fleur de lis ”, from which the genus gets its name, and are easily distinguishable from the globose three-lobed female of C. politosummus. The present species is distinguishable from C. cephalatus by the absence of the projecting posterior ‘ wings’ on the cephalon, there is a lesser degree of tapering in the posterior segments and the relative positioning of the seta on pereopod 6 and 7 does not change. The females while both having a pair of anterior lobes, they are not homologous, as the lobes in C. cephalatus are likely to be the antennae. Females, while less common than males, were not rare. Sometimes two or three mature females could be present in the single host, with accessory immature females present in addition to up to seven males. The males were typically found clustered together near the base of the capitulum on the inside of the mantle membrane, often attached where the host was brooding eggs. Mature females were placed underneath the prosoma of the host with their lobes acting to keep the female in place.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE5FFF8FF20E412FC13F864.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From Latin polio meaning polished and summum meaning summit, named in reference to the lack of cuticular sculpting on the top of the tergites. Gender is masculine.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE0FFF9FF20E7BAFAA0FAC9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male body tear-drop shaped with prominent cuticular striations approximately 2.5 – 3.0 times as long as wide. Cephalon wider than long, oral cone directed anteriorly. Eyes present or absent, when present compound. Antennule article 1 with 7 – 9 posterior teeth, 3 setae near anterior margin, 1 seta at base of middle tooth, 2 setae on dorsal surface. Antennule article 2 with 6 lateral setae variously distributed. Antenna arising from beneath posterior margin of antennule article 1, flagellar articles of similar length. Coxal plates with or without teeth. Pereopod 3 – 7 ischium with deep groove. Pereopod 3 – 5 propodus quadrate distally, with robust seta in notch on terminal lobe. Pereopods 6 and 7 propodus tapering distally. Pleopod rami roughly in line with each other. Endopod with internal cuticular ring present basally. Pleotelson margin entire. Anal tube absent. Uropod exopod cylindrical, approximately 0.50 – 0.80 as long and 0.35 – 0.50 as wide as flattened triangular endopod. Mature females with at least the anterior segments as in males, posterior segments variously fused to form amorphous egg sac.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE0FFF9FF20E7BAFAA0FAC9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Hemioniscids can be identified by the prominent dorsal cuticular striations, anteriorly directed buccal cone, 7 – 9 posterior teeth on antennule article 1, entire pleotelson margin, relative lengths of cylindrical and triangular uropodal exopod and endopod. Hemioniscids are known to parasitise thoracic and acrothoracic cirripedes.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE0FFFAFF20E28AFD47FD3C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Scalpelloniscus penicillatus Grygier, 1981; by original designation. Composition: Scalpelloniscus binoculis Menzies & George, 1972, S. nieli sp. nov., S. penicillatus Grygier, 1981, S. vomicus sp. nov.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE0FFFAFF20E28AFD47FD3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eyes absent. Antennule article 1 with 8 bluntly rounded teeth and 1 acute posterior tooth. Pereopods 3 – 5 with dorsoventrally flattened propodus, quadrate distally with a short stout medial seta. Pereopods 6 and 7 semicylindrical, tapering distally. Coxal plates with or without teeth. Ventral abdominal lobe between first pair of pleopods, truncated with medial notch. Pleotelson with bell-curve shaped posterior lobe occupying more than half posterior margin. Uropod exopod 0.40 – 0.50 width of endopod. Mature females as for family.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE0FFFAFF20E28AFD47FD3C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This genus was regarded as incertae sedis by Grygier (1981 b) who had anticipated a review of the genus by Jarl-Ove Strömberg, which never appeared. I would separate Scalpelloniscus from the hemioniscids were it not for the similar form of the mature females described below. Species of this genus can be distinguished from those of Hemioniscus by the absence of eyes and the number of teeth on the first antenna (9 in Scalpelloniscus versus 7 in Hemioniscus) which are mostly bluntly rounded rather than acute. The genus Gorgoniscus Grygier, 1981 a is currently considered incertae sedis. The genus is a parasite of barnacles (Acrothoracica), so a comparison with other cryptoniscoid barnacle parasites is needed. The sole species, Gorgoniscus incisodactylus Grygier, 1981 a, has a bluntly pointed cephalon, five acute teeth on antennule article 1 and the female undergoes complete metamorphosis. The ostracod parasite Cyproniscus cypridinae (Sars, 1899) was cited by Grygier (1981 b) as being closely allied with Scalpelloniscus, with similarly shaped teeth (but 5 or 6 present) on the antennule and coxal plates. The females of this species under go a complete metamorphosis and shown by Sars (1899) as being attached by an umbilicus to the prosoma of the host, formed by the cephalon. Scalpelloniscus previously contained only two species: S. penicillatus and S. binoculis, both parasites of scalpellid barnacles. S. binoculis is only known from the Peru – Chile Trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean (Grygier 1981 b). The following newly described species, found in the western Pacific, parasitise heteralepadids, lepadids as well as scalpellid barnacles.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE3FFE6FF20E420FC43F882.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: All from Amigdoscalpellum costellatum. Holotype: 1 ɗ 1.91 mm (NIWA 35060), Stn F 876, 3 Oct 1968, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 32.50 ' S, 177 ° 34.00 ' E, 529 m, coll. R. V. Taranui. Paratypes: 1 ɗ attached to host prosoma on SEM stub (NIWA 43482) 2 ɗ on SEM stub (NIWA 43483) stn F 870, 2 Oct 1968, North of East Cape, 37 ° 25.50 ' S, 178 ° 10.80 ' E, 263 m, coll. R. V. Taranui 1 Ψ on SEM stub (NIWA 43484) from type locality. 1 Ψ (WAM C 40018), 1 ɗ 1.89 mm (WAM C 40019), stn KAH 0001 / 68, 19 Feb 2000, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 29.38 ' S, 177 ° 47.80 ' E, 415 m, coll. R. V. Kaharoa.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE3FFE6FF20E420FC43F882.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male body dorsoventrally flattened, widest at pereonite 6. Antennule article 1 with 9 posterior teeth, lateral most tooth much narrower than and abuts onto second tooth. Article 3 rami with 3 terminal setae. Antenna reaches pereonite 6. Pereopods 3 – 5 propodus with short sharp seta in notch on distal margin, dactylus 0.50 – 0.60 propodus length. Pereopods 6 and 7 dactylus-propodus length ratio as in pereopods 3 – 5. Coxal plate tooth formula: 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 3. Pleotelson posterior lobe occupying 0.80 of posterior margin. Uropod exopod 0.70 – 0.80 length and 0.40 – 0.50 width of endopod. Mature females, with cephalon and pereonites 1 – 3 retained, remaining segments fused, globose, without limbs.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE3FFE6FF20E420FC43F882.taxon	description	Description: Male (holotype) body tear-drop shaped, cuticular striations prominent. Total length 1.89 mm widest at pereonite 6 (0.64 mm), cephalon length 0.31 mm, width 0.50 mm. Antennule article 1 with 9 posterior teeth, lateral most tooth acute extremely narrow, abuts onto second tooth (Under light microscopy, division discernible only as notch or shoulder to second tooth), other teeth blunt, medial tooth truncate. Cuticular striations present near mesial margin. Lateral margin concave forming laterally directed rounded anterior point. Article 2 with heavier cuticular sculpting distally, forming tooth-like scales. Lateral margin with 5 setae, more or less evenly distributed. Article 3 with bundle of aesthetascs placed dorsally to and 1 seta near base of 2 uniarticulate rami; rami both with 3 terminal setae. Posterior ramus longer and wider than anterior ramus and 2 aesthetascs near midpoint. Antenna originating from beneath posterior teeth of antennule all articles except basis cylindrical, flagellar articles approximately half as wide as terminal peduncular article. Setal formula 0 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 3. Pereopods 1 and 2 dactylus short, aquiline, approximately 0.4 length of propodus, terminus slots between two multifid spines on propodus. Propodus egg-shaped, two setae near base of dactylus. Carpus triangular, tuft of setae at distal angle. Merus subtriangular, long subterminal seta originating from groove on inner face, single shorter seta present medially. All articles with cuticular striations, propodus with ctenae. FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrograph of male Scalpelloniscus nieli sp. nov. paratypes (A, NIWA 43482; B – J, NIWA 43483). A, lateral view of male attached to prosoma of host; B, ventral view of anterior section; C antennule; D, detail of lateral antennule teeth; E, 1 st coxal plate; F, pereopod 1; G, pereopods 3 – 5; H, propodus-dactylus junction of pereopod 5; I, pleopod 1; J, Pleotelson. Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm; C, F, I = 30 μm; D = 10 μm; E = 20 μm; G, J = 50 μm. FIGURE 10. Male Scalpelloniscus vomicus sp. nov. holotype (NIWA 35063). A, Ventral view; B, antennule; C, antenna (cuticular striations not shown); D – F, 1 st, 2 nd and 7 th coxal plates respectively; G, pereopod 1; H, pereopod 5; I, pereopod 7; J, pleopod 1; K, uropods. Not all setation shown in J and K. Cuticular striations shown are representative only. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B – K = 50 μm. Pereopods 3 – 5 ambulatory, dactylus elongate, 0.50 – 0.60 length of propodus, distally curved into terminal hook. Propodus distally quadrate, flattened; stout, sharp seta in notch on distal margin, ventral margin slightly concave with 1 stout medial seta. Carpus and merus as in pereopods 1 and 2. Ischium with deep groove. Cuticular striations as in pereopods 1 and 2 except dactylus without striations. Pereopods 6 and 7 propodus semicylindrical, tapered distally, with notch, terminal seta reduced. Otherwise as in pereopods 3 – 5. Coxal plates with rounded posteriorly directed teeth, width of teeth as little as 0.1 length. Striations prominent, absent on all but first tooth, giving an articulated appearance to the remainder. Formula: 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 3. Pleopods becoming progressively smaller posteriorly. Pleopods 1 – 5 basis with 2 long, flattened trifurcate setae, posterior margin extends into bi-lobed lamella covering bases of rami, mesial lobe much smaller than lateral lobe. Exopod with 5 sparsely plumose setae; lateral seta approximately one third length of others, exopod quadrate distally, tapering in basal half. Endopods with 5 (3 in pleopod 5) sparsely plumose setae, quadrate distal margin, ovate basally and internal cuticular ring occupying basal two-thirds. All articles with prominent cuticular striations and ctenae, often overrunning margins. Ventral abdominal lobe between first pair of pleopods truncate with fringe of fine setules and medial notch. Pleotelson as long as wide, posterior margin entire, forming broad bell-curve shaped lobe, occupying approximately 0.80 of posterior margin, cuticular striations overextending margin forming small serrations. Uropod basis quadrate with 2 setae on posterolateral angle. Exopod cylindrical approximately 0.7 – 0.8 length and 0.40 – 0.50 width of endopod with 4 terminal setae. Endopod triangular, dorsoventrally flattened, tapering distally with six small setae basally on dorsal surface, mesial margin with profuse comb of fine setae and terminally with dense tuft of long setae. Females 2.7 mm long, 1.1 mm wide. Anterior four segments retained intact, medial and posterior segments fused, forming globose egg sac. Shape of egg sac variable, typically with ventral depression where it is in contact with the host prosoma. Ventral seam absent. Host: Amigdoscalpellum costellatum (Withers, 1935). Host specimens were found attached to the same urchins as the host specimens of Crinoniscus cephalatus sp. nov.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE3FFE6FF20E420FC43F882.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The coxal plate formula sets male Scalpelloniscus nieli apart from the other species in the genus. The teeth of the coxal plates are also relatively shorter in ‘ immature female’ S. penicillatus and in the ‘ male’ spatulate; and are absent in S. binoculis. Relative lengths of the dactylus in pereopod 6 and 7 are also much shorter in S. nieli. The posterolateral angles of the cephalon do not project as they do in S. Penicillatus and S. binoculis. Characters distinguishing S. nieli and S. vomicus are discussed in the Remarks for the latter. Mature females are not known for the previously described species. Males and females were never found cohabiting within a host, suggesting that males are not restricted to a single host. The females, however, lack effective ambulatory appendages and would not be able to leave the host. Unlike Scalpelloniscus vomicus sp. nov., described below, this species does not burrow or embed itself within the host’s tissue. Instead, the males will attach to the dorsal surface of the prosoma of the barnacle, oriented towards the adductor muscle, much like the males of Crinoniscus cephalatus. During gender transition the male expands dorsoventrally, presumably as ovaries develop. The male would then moult at least the cuticle of the posterior segments, which would then form the egg sac.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFE3FFE6FF20E420FC43F882.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named for Dr. Niel L. Bruce of the Museum of Tropical Queensland, Townsville for confirming that there were indeed isopods living within my barnacles.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFFFFE7FF20E061FE23FDEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ɗ 2.92 mm (NIWA 35059), stn E 869, 19 March 1968, West Norfolk Ridge, 33 ° 58.00 ' S 167 ° 45.00 ' E, 1705 m, from Amigdoscalpellum vitreum, coll. R. V. Taranui. Host: Amigdoscalpellum vitreum (Hoek, 1883), specific names of hosts were not given in Grygier’s (1981 b) description.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFFFFE7FF20E061FE23FDEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks: I tentatively identify this specimen as there are some differences between the specimen and the description of the holotype by Grygier (1981 b), in that the dentition of the sixth pair of coxal plates is the same as the seventh (3 and 2 for the type material, respectively), and the dactylus is recurved in pereopod 6. There are also 9 teeth on antennule article 1 — the lateral most tooth is narrow and isn’t separated from the second tooth, much like the species described herein. The material is old and more specimens will need to be found to check for the consistency of these differences, with further specimens it may be found that the presence of a 9 th tooth is variable. The specimen was collected from a depth of 1700 m, the only other known locality for this species is the South Atlantic in 4550 m, further suggesting that it may be a separate species. The single specimen was found amongst material from the late Brian A. Foster, on a slide with the cirri and mouthparts of A. vitreum.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFEFFE3FF20E5E7FC28F9AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype: 1 ɗ 1.92 mm (NIWA 35063), stn TAN 0308 / 142, 2 Jun 2003, West Norfolk Ridge, 34 ° 16.49 ' S, 168 ° 24.08 ' E, 1249 m, from Heteralepas japonica, coll. R. V. Tangaroa. Paratypes: 1 ɗ (NIWA 35062), 2 ɗ, 2 Ψ (WAM C 40022), stn I 34, 7 / 05 / 1975, 35 ° 0.00 ' S, 175 ° 13.00 ' E, 575 m, from Paralepas minuta, coll. R. V. Tangaroa. 1 Ψ (NIWA 35033), 2 ɗ 1.66 – 2.02 mm (NIWA 35054), 1 Ψ (NIWA 35055), 1 ɗ (NIWA 35057), 1 ɗ 1.59 mm (NIWA 35061), stn KAH 0204 / 27, 16 Apr 2002, Cavalli Seamount, East of North Cape, 34 ° 7.21 ' S, 174 ° 5.64 ' E, 554 m, from Paralepas minuta, coll. R. V. Kaharoa. 1 ɗ 2.02 mm (NIWA 35071), stn KAH 0204 / 27, 16 Apr 2002, Cavalli Seamount, East of North Cape, 34 ° 7.21 ' S, 174 ° 5.64 ' E, 554 m, from Megalasma striatum, coll. R. V. Kaharoa. 2 ɗ (NIWA 35021), 1 ɗ (NIWA 35035), same locality as holotype. 2 Ψ (NIWA 35046), 2 ɗ on SEM stub (NIWA 43476), 2 Ψ on SEM stub (NIWA 43481), 6 epicaridium larvae (NIWA 35053) taken from female on SEM stub (NIWA 43481), stn Z 8482, 28 Apr 1996, Bay of Plenty, 35 ° 58.00 ' S, 176 ° 49.00 ' E, 750 m, from Smilium zancleanum, coll. F / V Peterson. 1 ɗ (NIWA 35036), stn Z 8883, 6 Aug 1997, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 25.40 ' S, 176 ° 53.00 ' E, 464 m, from Heteralepas japonica, coll. F / V Margaret Philippa. 1 ɗ (NIWA 35058), Z 9786, 29 Jun 1999, North of Chatham Islands, 42 ° 43.11 ' S, 179 ° 52.78 ' W, 1115 m, from Smilium zancleanum, coll. F / V Amaltal Explorer.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFEFFE3FF20E5E7FC28F9AC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male body dorsoventrally flattened, broadest at pereonite 5. Cephalon anterior margin of evenly rounded without rim. Antennule article 1 with 9 posterior teeth, lateral most tooth very narrow, abutting onto second tooth, anterolateral angle acute. Article 2 cuticular striations giving the appearance of toothlike scales on ventral surface. Pereopods 3 – 5 dactylus 0.65 – 0.70 propodus length, propodus with stout seta in notch on distal margin. Pereopods 6 and 7 dactylus 0.85 – 0.90 propodus length, propodus tapered distally. Coxal plate tooth formula 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 or 4. Pleotelson as wide as long, posterior lobe taking up approximately 0.60 of posterior margin. Exopod 0.75 – 0.80 length and 0.45 – 0.50 width of endopod, with 3 terminal setae, dense tuft of terminal setae on endopod. Mature female body, except egg sac, as in males. Egg sac kidney shaped formed ventrally from pereonite 3 – 7.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFEFFE3FF20E5E7FC28F9AC.taxon	description	Description: Male (holotype) body tear-drop shaped, total length 1.92 mm maximum width 0.60 mm widest at pereonite 6, cephalon length 0.25 mm, width 0.45 mm. Cuticle dark orange, appears banded where tergites overlap. Antennule article 1 with 9 posterior teeth, lateral most tooth, as wides as second tooth at base, acute, abuts onto second tooth (visible under light microscopy as a notch or shoulder on second tooth); others blunt or rounded and separated from each other. Anterior margin pronounced into laterally directed, acute point. Cuticular striations on article 2 forming tooth-like scales. Lateral margin lined with 6 setae. Third segment with bundle of aesthetascs dorsal to uniarticulate rami. Posterior rami longer than anterior rami, both with 3 terminal setae. Posterior ramus with 2 aesthetascs placed near mid point. Antenna originating beneath teeth of first antenna, reaching pereonite four. Cuticular striations present on peduncle only. Setal formula not symmetrical 0 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 4 (left) 0 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 5 (right). Flagellar articles approximately half as wide as terminal peduncular article. Pereopods 1 and 2 dactylus curved, with cuticular striations, not over extending propodal palms, approximately 0.5 length of propodus, terminus slots between two spines on propodus. Propodus globular with cuticular striations and ctenae. Carpus approximately triangular in lateral view with stout distal spine. Merus triangular with one setae distally. Pereopods 3 – 5 becoming slender and more elongate posteriorly. Dactylus 0.65 – 0.70 as long as propodus, terminus recurved. Propodus quadrate, dorsoventrally flattened. Distal margin with one stout seta at base of notched lateral extension. One stout seta also present medially on propodus. Carpus triangular with stout spine on distolateral margin. Merus subtriangular with single seta originating from sub distal groove. Ischium with paired dorsal extensions forming groove where merus articulates. Pereopods 6 and 7 dactylus 0.85 - 0.90 as long as propodus, terminus less recurved in pereopod seven. Propodus semicylindrical tapering distally. Ventral margin with setal comb and one stout seta approximately 0.66 from distal margin. Carpus and merus as in pereopods 3 – 5. Coxal plates with rounded posteriorly directed teeth, width of teeth as little as 0.1 length. Striations extending only into median tooth. Formula 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 4 or 5. Pleopods becoming progressively smaller posteriorly. Pleopods 1 – 5 basis with 2 long, flattened trifurcate setae, posterior margin extends into bi-lobed lamella covering bases of rami, mesial lobe much smaller than lateral lobe. Exopod with 5 sparsely plumose setae; lateral seta approximately one third length of others, exopod quadrate distally, tapering in basal half. Endopods with 5 (3 in pleopod 5) sparsely plumose setae, quadrate distal margin, ovate basally and internal cuticular ring occupying basal two-thirds. All articles with prominent cuticular striations and ctenae, often overrunning margins. Ventral abdominal lobe between first pair of pleopods truncate with fringe of fine setules and medial notch. Pleotelson as long as wide, posterior margin entire, forming bell-shaped lobe over basis of uropods, occupying approximately 0.60 of posterior margin. Basis with 2 setae at laterodistal angle, one shorter, one longer than exopod. Short spinule present at laterodistal and mediodistal angle. Exopod approximately 0.75 – 0.80 length and 0.45 – 0.50 width of endopod, with three terminal setae, 1 longer than and 2 half as long as endopod. Endopod triangular, dorsoventrally flattened, medial margin with comb of fine setules, approximately 6 short setae present on dorsal face near basis, terminally with dense tuft of fine setae. Mature females divided into 2 distinct parts, dorsum and egg sac. Dorsum as in males. Egg sac derived ventrally pereonites 3 – 7, forcing pereopods laterally. Dorsum sits in groove which extends anteriorly to the ventral margin, giving the egg sac a kidney-shaped appearance, width approximately 3 mm. Forming externally visible gall in some hosts. Epicaridium larva body composed of 14 segments, cephalon longest segment. Antennule comprises 3 peduncular articles, flagellum with two uniarticulate rami with two terminal setae. Antenna with 3 - articled peduncle and 3 - articled flagellum. Flagellar articles approximately half as wide as peduncular articles. Terminal article of peduncle with three setae. Terminal flagellar article with two short simple setae and two bipinnate setae, 1.5 and 0.75 body length. Pereopods 1 – 6, becoming longer and more slender posteriorly. Carpus with serrated fan-like seta at apex; propodus with same near mid point. Pleopods 1 – 5, comprising basis and uniarticulated exopod with 3 setae and endopod with two setae. Exopod and endopod of first pleopod of similar size and shape. Pleopods 2 – 5 endopod twice as wide as exopod basally, tapered abruptly distally. Pleotelson posterior margin evenly rounded not forming lobe. Uropod basis triangular with 1 bipinnate seta as long as body and as wide as exopod, inserting at posterolateral angle. Exopod placed dorsally to and slightly shorter and thinner than endopod. Endopod and exopod with 2 long, oppositely bipinnate setae as long as lateral seta of basis. Anal tube as long as exopod. Hosts: Heteralepas japonica (Aurivillius, 1892), Paralepas minuta (Philippi, 1836), Megalasma striatum (Hoek, 1883) and Smilium zancleanum (Seguenza, 1876).	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFEFFE3FF20E5E7FC28F9AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Male Scalpelloniscus vomicus can be distinguished from those of the holotype of S. penicillatus by the lack of cephalic posterolateral projections, differing coxal plate formula, relatively longer teeth, the shorter length of the dactylus relative to the propodus of pereopods 6 and 7. The allotype of S. penicillatus has a differing coxal plate formula with spatulate teeth, but is otherwise similar. Scalpelloniscus binoculis lacks teeth on the coxal plates, and the cephalon has projecting posterolateral angles reaching to pereonite 2 but is otherwise similar. The coxal plate formula is also different in S. nieli and pereopods 6 and 7 have a relatively short dactylus and the propodus is not as distally tapered as in S. vomicus. The mature females are readily distinguishable in that the egg sac in S. vomicus is derived from the ventral inflation of pereonites 3 – 7 as opposed to the fusion of the posterior segments. The larval stage is a rare find, and larvae have not often been linked to the adults (see Bocquet-Vedrine 1987; Peresan & Roccatagliata 2005). The epicaridium stage in Crinoniscus equitans bears similar scaleshaped setae on the pereopods, but, there is a higher degree of elongation in the posterior pairs of pereopods, relatively shorter antennae and in general the setation is not as strong as in S. vomicus. The description of the epicaridium larvae of Liriopsis pygmaea (Rathke, 1843) by Peresan and Roccatagliata (2005) show some interesting differences to those of S. vomicus. In general appearance, the present specimens have much longer and heavier setae on the antenna, pleopods and uropods, the anal lobe is also much longer than in L. pygmaea. Another difference is that the L. pygmaea specimens bear the styliform dactylus on the last pair of pereopods which is characteristic of the adult males in the family. Initially, the variation of the coxal plate dentition was interpreted as distinguishing two separate species, until an exceptional specimen with four teeth on the left and five on the right was found in the tissue of Paralepas minuta. Previously the specimens with five teeth had been found only in specimens of Smilium zancleanum and those with four only in the heteralepadids. Unlike the above described species S. vomicus is an internal parasite, embedded in the muscular tissue of the peduncle or capitulum. Females were found only in the peduncle or at the base of the capitulum, near to the ovaries. A gall is formed by the female and is particularly evident in Smilium zancleanum, sometimes reaching 1 cm in diameter and can push the capitular plates out of alignment. In one sample of 17 S. zancleanum (NIWA 43461) 12 specimens had up to 4 visible galls on the peduncle or on the lower capitulum. Typically the host cuticle is perforated, possibly for the release of larvae and pheromones. Often the remains of the male dorsum is partially or wholly embedded in the cuticle, while the egg sac is enveloped in a host response membrane suggesting that the female burrows through the cuticle to gain access to the host. Males do not appear to use the perforation to gain access to the female, as they have been found on the internal side of the female. Presumably the males penetrate the host and then migrate to the nearest female.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
C92F87C6FFFEFFE3FF20E5E7FC28F9AC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named for the gall that the mature female forms on the peduncle of some hosts, from Latin vomicus meaning ulcer or boil, gender is masculine.	en	Hosie, Andrew M. (2008): Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1795: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182627
