taxonID	type	description	language	source
CA3B87EFFFBBB817FF1DFCE659AEB199.taxon	type_taxon	Type: — Dicorynia paraensis Benth.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFBBB817FF1DFCE659AEB199.taxon	description	Trees, (6 –) 8 – 45 (– 50) m tall; trunk with or without buttresses up to 2 m tall, heartwood red, brown, or gray, sapwood generally lighter, but not always easily distinguishable from heartwood; exudate present and gelatinous or absent; bark cracked, rough, or peeling, gray to brown, sometimes with red stripes, with or without lenticels; branches unarmed. Leaves, imparipinnate, alternate, pulvinate; leaflets (3 –) 5 – 11 (– 13), elliptical, ovate, or oblong, alternate, subopposite, or opposite, discolorous, glabrous to slightly pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with surface papillate or not, apex generally acuminate to caudate, more rarely acute, base cuneate, obtuse, cordate, or truncate, margin entire, revolute or not, venation brochidodromous; axillary buds laterally oblong, elliptical, obovate, orbicular or lanceolate, being acuminate, acute, or obtuse at apex, frontally triangular or orbicular, brown, gray, or black; terminal buds strongly capitate with the apex generally orbicular or more rarely rounded or acuminate, brown gray, or black, enveloped by two reniform to ovate, pubescent, deciduous stipules. Inflorescences thyrsoid, distichous, compound, with 1 – 3 levels of subthyrsoids, terminal, rarely axillary, up to 50 cm long, the axes sericeous to pilose, rarely tomentose, golden to brown to dark brown; two bracts subtending triads of flowers or inflorescence axes, caducous, oblong to elliptical, apex obtuse to acuminate; bracteoles absent. Flower buds globose to elliptical; flowers asymmetric due to the heteromorphic stamens; receptacle flat, with a short, curved and narrow cavity between the carpel and the abaxial sepal, forming a shallow hypanthium, strongly pilose; calyx zygomorphic, composed of five heteromorphic sepals of two types: 1) three outermost sepals (very rarely four), free, two lateral and one abaxial, strongly imbricate, with the outermost sepal or two outermost sepals covering almost the entire floral bud, these three sepals concave, externally brown, reddish, or whitish, internally white with reddish or brown base, densely sericeous abaxially, rarely pilose or tomentose, brown, golden, or white, glabrescent adaxially, base truncate, apex rounded, margin entire, caducous but persisting longer than the inner sepals and petals; 2) two innermost sepals (very rarely one or none) petaloid, free, abaxially lateral, slightly imbricate, white, slightly to densely sericeous abaxially, brown, golden, or white, glabrescent adaxially, slightly clawed, base cuneate, apex rounded, margin entire, caducous but persisting longer than the petals; corolla zygomorphic comprising three (very rarely two or four) free petals, two lateral and one adaxial, with strongly imbricate aestivation, the adaxial petal external to the others, all three petals white or more rarely slightly pink, with or without brown or reddish spots, sparsely to densely sericeous abaxially, glabrescent adaxially except by the base with white, golden, or brown trichomes, strongly unguiculate, obtuse to reniform at base, obtuse, rounded, or truncate at apex, the margin wavy or entire, caducous; androecium asymmetric with two (very rarely 1 – 3) stamens, the stamens adaxial, alternating with the petals, dimorphic, with the longer filament supporting the narrower anther and the shorter filament supporting the wider anther, the position of the longer and shorter stamen in the flower alternating in a mirrored way based on the position of the flower in the cyme; filaments of both stamens as wide as the anthers, glabrous, white or slightly rosy-reddish, sometimes with brown or reddish spots, strongly ventrally furrowed, the connective with a large and truncate apex presenting uncinate trichomes, anthers basifixed, introrse, yellow to cream, sometimes with brown or reddish spots, oblong, poricidal, with two apical pores partially covered by the anther tip, thecae almost glabrous except for the apex which sometimes bears uncinate trichomes, anther of the longer stamen curved and narrower than that of the shorter stamen, with the apex facing the stigma, 4 - sporangiate or (6 –) 8 - sporangiate, with four sporangia at the base and others proliferating distally, anther of the shorter stamen straight and wider, 8 – 11 - sporangiate, with four sporangia at the base and others proliferating distally, the extra sporangia in both anthers being visible externally by the formation of protuberances on the anther surface, pollen spherical, tricolpate, colpae elongated, ornamentation of the exine punctate; ovary laterally compressed, sessile to slightly stipitate, displaced to abaxial periphery of the flower, straight or with winding shape, densely sericeous, black or brown, bearing 2 – 6 ovules, glabrous or pubescent on the inner wall of the locules, style curved towards the adaxial face of flower, glabrous, white, with the suture of the carpel cleft visible at anthesis, stigma punctate, papillate, Fruits samaroid, coriaceous, lignified, strongly laterally compressed, green when immature, light to dark brown to slightly purple when mature, very rarely blackened, glabrous or with a microscopic and sparse indumentum, circular to oblong, both margins curved to wavy, sometimes asymmetrical to each other, sometimes the small style persistent, terminal, discretely parallel veined, very rarely fissured, supplied with a narrow wing along the entire adaxial suture, base obtuse, truncate, or asymmetric, essentially indehiscent, very rarely tardily opening by the adaxial suture when deteriorated. Seeds 1 – 3 (– 5), not arillate, light or dark brown, circular, quadrilateral, or slightly reniform, testa weakly striate, endosperm white, with a transparent and gelatinous marginal region, surface of the endosperm with circular perforations at the microscopic level; cotyledons light green, caducous after germination; hypocotyl-radicular axis straight, positioned in the abaxial-central region of the cotyledons; plumule and leaf primordia well-developed. Seedlings with the first pair of eophiles opposite, others alternate, the first 4 – 5 eophiles unifoliolate, generally ovate, and cordate or truncate at base, succeeding eophiles trifoliolate.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFBBB817FF1DFCE659AEB199.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Dicorynia differs from the other genera of Fabaceae by the following combination of characters: imparipinnate leaves; thyrsoid inflorescences with distichous branching; three outer sepals, two inner petaloid sepals, and three petals; two dimorphic stamens with strongly furrowed filaments; basifixed and poricidal anthers of width similar to that of the filaments, one or both polysporangiate; and samaroid fruits with a narrow wing along the adaxial suture.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFBBB817FF1DFCE659AEB199.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, Biogeographical Patterns, and Ecology: — Dicorynia is endemic to the Amazonian region of South America, where it has been recorded from French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, and the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará and Amapá. The genus occurs in a variety of humid tropical forest types, both well-drained and seasonally inundated, including “ igapó ”, “ várzea ”, “ campinarana ”, and “ terra firme ”, and is frequently associated with rivers. The distribution of polysporangy among the two anthers of the flower displays complete correlation with a geographical disjunction between populations in the Guianas (D. guianensis) and the Amazon basin (D paraensis), corroborating the hypothesis by Koeppen (1967). Several other characters display partial correlation with the disjunction. While the area intervening in the geographical ranges of the two species is poorly collected, it is reasonable to assume that the disjunction is real. Both species are known only from low elevation (less than 600 meters in D. guianensis and 200 meters in D. paraensis), high humidity areas (2000 – 3700 mm average annual precipitation), a pattern similar to that observed in the Neotropical genus of Dialioideae Androcalymma, but strongly contrasting to other taxa in Dialioideae, such as Poeppigia, Apuleia, and several species of Martiodendron and Dialium that usually occur in less humid forests, including the Cerrado and Caatinga (Fig. 10) (Falcão et al. 2020 b, 2021, unpubl. data). Thus, the high elevation regions of the Guiana plateau in the southern Guianas and northern Brazil and the associated low-precipitation belt in the north Pará, Roraima, and Guianas may function as an effective geographic barrier, preventing gene flow between the two species (Figs. 5, 10). Presumably, the strength of this barrier would have been even more pronounced during glacial maxima, when the climate of the region was markedly drier (Prance 1973, Bush and Oliveira 2006, Haffer 2008). The distribution pattern suggests a recent process of allopatric speciation, corroborated by the remarkable morphological similarity between the two species.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFBBB817FF1DFCE659AEB199.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The genus was named by Bentham from the Greek, “ di ” (two) and “ corynia ” (club), referring to the characteristic two club-shaped anthers.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFBBB817FF1DFCE659AEB199.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic Comments: — Despite the phenotypic plasticity of leaves in the genus, patterns distinguishing the infra-generic taxa could be observed. In D. paraensis, both var. ingens and var. macrophylla have generally 11 leaflets and never less than nine. The leaflets are commonly seven and five in var. uaupensis and var. paraensis, very rarely exceeding nine. In D. guianensis, seven leaflets are found in almost all individuals. Although the size of the leaflet is variable in all taxa, the shape is stable in D. guianensis, being almost always oblong, relatively stable in D. paraensis, var. ingens and var. macrophylla. It is generally broadly ovate in the first and narrowly oblong in the second, and more variable in var. uaupensis and var. paraensis. The narrowly elliptical shape is more common in the first, and the broadly ovate in the second. Sometimes, morphologically variable specimens of var. paraensis and var. uaupensis can resemble each other in this character, making it difficult to distinguish them by it. The petiolule size is a strong character, being longer in var. paraensis and var. macrophylla and shorter in var. uaupensis and var. ingens (Figs. 2 A – C; 4 D – E, H; 7). According to Koeppen (1967), papillae in the epidermis of the leaflet’s abaxial face would be present in varieties breviflora, floribunda, and ingens and in D. guianensis. Varieties macrophylla, paraensis, and uaupensis would not have such papillae. The leaflets’ surface present papillate ornamentation in several specimens under high-resolution stereomicroscope. D. guianensis is very stable with the majority of its specimens’ leaflets presenting papillae, but no significant distribution pattern for this character could be traced among D. paraensis populations, with the majority of specimens in varieties macrophylla and paraensis having non-papillate leaflets but with several exceptions. With the broader circumscription proposed here for var. uaupensis, including the synonymized varieties breviflora and floribunda, we have groups of specimens with leaflets varying from strongly papillate to non-papillate. Such groups could not be separated from each other with any other character. They also present a completely overlapping distribution. Koeppen (1967) and Gunn (1991) considered the fruits of Dicorynia (Figs. 2 I; 4 M – N) as tardily dehiscent follicles, while Bentham (1870), Record and Hess (1943), Milanez and Mattos Filho (1959), Rizzini (1971), and Jesel (2005) considered them indehiscent. Here, no open mature fruit was seen in many living individuals and herbarium specimens. Very rarely, in dispersed fruits in an advanced state of decomposition, the deterioration of one of the sutures allowed the visualization of the seeds. This, added to rare specimens with fruits with detached wings (with the seed chamber still sealed), may have led to the tardily dehiscent interpretation. Thus, we maintain here the concept of indehiscent fruits for Dicorynia. Barroso et al. (1999) identified the fruit of the genus, sometimes as samaras (pgs. 179; 188) or as nucoid legumes (pg. 189). The authors separate samaras from samaroid legumes indicating that the first group has wings and a monospermic seminal nucleus distinct from the wing. The second has few to many seeds per seminal nucleus, that is a little distinct or indistinct from the wing. They define nucoid legumes as indehiscent or late dehiscent fruits with dry pericarp, which is distinguished from the nucules by having few to many seeds. Nucules, different from nucoid legumes, would have adaptations for anemochory or hydrochory due changes in calyx or other floral involucres. In Dicorynia, such adaptations are due to the vestigial wing, the lateral compression of the fruit, and the appearance of a narrow cavity with air in the seed chamber. All of these modifications are also found in its closely related genus Apuleia. On the other hand, the definition as nucoid legumes based on dispersion form does not seem prudent in Dicorynia, since morphologically identical fruits can be hydrochorically dispersed in D. paraensis var. paraensis, for example, and anemochorically in D. guianensis (see comments on both taxa). Thus, added to the presence of a few seeds in the fruit and the underdeveloped wing, we consider the fruits of Dicorynia as samaroid legumes, as in other Dialioideae genera (Falcão et al. 2021, unpubl. data). The fruits of Dicorynia vary from elliptical to oblong and many intermediate forms are found in all taxa, as already pointed out by Koeppen (1967). However, larger oblong fruits are much more common in D. paraensis var. macrophylla and D. guianensis and considerably rare in the other taxa. The color, texture of wing more or less rigid, the width of the wing, the venation pattern, and the veins impression are variable among individuals. However, two Venezuelan specimens of var. uaupensis (P. E. Berry 7460; M. Yanez 481) have thicker, blackish, heavily fissured, circular, and symmetrical fruits, differentiated from other specimens. Considering that they are vegetatively identical to other Venezuelan specimens with common fruits (K. M. Redden 3730), the mentioned distinctions seem to be just a rare variation. Seedlings of Dicorynia (Figs. 9 A – D) resemble those of closely related genera such as Dialium, Apuleia, and Martiodendron Gleason (Hartmann and Rodrigues 2014, Falcão et al. unpubl. data). Dicorynia has well-developed leaf primordia in the seed (Figs. 9 M – N) and the first 4 – 5 eophiles wide and unifoliolate, with a truncate to cordate base, followed by trifoliolate eophiles and, subsequently, by imparipinnate leaves with alternating leaflets (Figs. 9 A – D). The genus Poeppigia C. Presl, (Falcão et al. 2021), early diverging in Dialioideae phylogeny, differs from the other mentioned genera in that it has inconspicuous leaf primordia, only the first pair of unifoliolate eophiles, narrow, and with a cuneate base, and the following eophiles with several leaflets and paripinnate. The endosperm of Dicorynia resembled that of Martiodendron (Falcão et al. unpubl. data), with the first having a partially gelatinous endosperm on its margin and the second having a completely gelatinous endosperm. Dialium, Apuleia, and Poeppigia have completely solid endosperm (Falcão et al. 2021, unpubl. data). The morphology of the seedlings is very similar between D. paraensis (Figs. 9 A – D) and D. guianensis (Jesel 2005), as also the morphology of seeds (Figs. 9 E – I, L), embryos (Figs. 9 J – K, M – N), and pollen (Fig. 9 R). The morphology of the anther is variable among the two species of the genus (Figs O – Q). Among the four varieties of D. paraensis such structures are also very stable, with no considerable variation.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — SURINAME. Zanderij, 10 - XII- 1914, BW 452 U 0003269 (Holotype: U!; Isotype: NY!).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	description	Medium to large trees, (9 –) 22 – 45 (– 50) m tall, trunk 14 – 100 cm in diameter, buttresses up to 1 m tall. Leaves (13 –) 17 – 33 (– 60) cm long, leaflets usually 7, very rarely 3, 5, 9, or 11, usually oblong, very rarely elliptical or ovate, acuminate to cuspidate at apex, base usually obtuse or truncate, very rarely cuneate or cordate, the abaxial face sparsely pubescent and papillate, rarely non-papillate, terminal leaflets (6 –) 7 – 12 (– 25) × (3 –) 4 – 7 (– 11) cm, the length (1.5 –) 2 – 2.5 (– 3.8) times the width; petiolules (2 –) 4 – 6 (– 8) mm long; axillary buds laterally obovate, oblong or orbicular, obtuse at apex, 2 – 4 × 2 – 3 mm, the distance between the bud and the leaf attachment point 0 – 1 mm; terminal buds strongly capitate, orbicular at apex, 4 – 7 × 5 – 8 mm. Inflorescences (10 –) 19 – 35 (– 40) × (6.5 –) 10 – 27 cm, sericeous, golden to brown; bracts 9 – 12 × 4 – 7 mm; pedicels 4 – 8 mm long. Flower buds 8 – 11 × 5 – 8 mm; sepals 8 – 11 × 5 – 8 mm; petals (7 –) 10 – 16 × (6 –) 10 – 13 mm, claws 2 – 4 mm long; filament of the longer stamen 4 – 7 × 1 – 3 mm, filament of the shorter stamen 2 – 3 × 1 – 3 mm, anther of the longer stamen with (6 –) 8 sporangia, anther of the shorter stamen with 8 – 11 sporangia in the median to apical region, both 3 – 6 × 2 – 3 mm; carpel 4 – 5 × 2 mm, style 4 – 6 mm long, ovules 4 – 6. Fruit (4.4 –) 6 – 8.2 × 2.2 – 4 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm, wing 3 – 8 mm wide; seeds 1.5 – 2 × 1.2 – 1.7 × 0.2 – 0.5 cm. (Figs. 1 - 2; 6 A, C; 9 E – G, I – J, L – M, P – Q).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, Biogeographical Patterns, and Ecology: — The species occurs in French Guiana, Suriname, and rarely in Guyana. Some specimens from French Guiana are located in areas so close to the border with the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará, that its occurrence in such areas does not seem unlikely, especially because this region is little botanically sampled. There are even reports of the species in the region of Massif of Mitaraka, basically on the border with Amapá (Sabatier 2019) (Fig. 5).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	discussion	Few records of the species were cited for Guyana, and all but one did not belong to Dicorynia, consisting of a sterile Papilionoideae (T. van Andel 2124 U 0088103) and several specimens of Martiodendron excelsum (Benth.) Gleason, another Dialioideae similar to Dicorynia in its leaves and fruits (K. M. Redden 5080 US; S. Mori 24350 U; B. Hoffman 1366 U; D. Clarke 1358 U), including all three specimens cited in the checklist of the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (Clarke et al. 2001). They have very different flowers, and their fruits can be differentiated by Martiodendron having two expanded wings with a central and monospermic seminal nucleus, delimited by characteristic venation, and an elliptical seed with a gelatinous endosperm. The fruits of Dicorynia have one narrow wing, without a differentiated seminal nucleus, generally with one to three reniform to orbicular seeds, with gelatinous endosperm only in its margin. In addition, D. guianensis almost always has seven leaflets, while M. excelsum almost always has five leaflets (Falcão et al. unpubl. data, present work). There are also specimens of Dicorynia mistakenly indicated as coming from Guyana, due to the old collection labels tagged as “ Guyana ”. However, the correct location could be identified by location names as “ route de Cayenne ” or “ Laurent du Maroni ”, from French Guiana. In the checklist of the Mabura forest (Ek 2003) and the useful tree guide in Guyana (Polak 1992), the genus, known for its timber, is not cited. The only known Guyana specimen occurs considerably distant from the other individuals of D. guianensis in Suriname (Fig. 5). If this is due to lack of sampling or if the genus is very rare in Guyana is not known. Dicorynia guianensis is usually found below 200 m elevation on clayey or sandy soils of “ terra firme ” ombrophilous forests, less commonly in seasonally inundated areas (Fig. 5). At the same time, some varieties of D. paraensis are associated with seasonally flooded forests. D. guianensis is commonly an emergent tree, with many specimens reaching 40 - 45 meters tall; populations of this species appear to have relatively higher frequencies of tall trees than D. paraensis. D. guianensis is considered very common or dominant in parts of French Guiana and Suriname (Record and Hess 1943, Maas 1971, Mori et al. 2002, Jesel 2005). Its abundance permitted the industrial scale extraction of its timber until recent years. The flowers of D. guianensis might be large-bees pollinated (Jesel, 2005). Some collectors like S. Mori (specimen 24340) pointed out that the flowers are very odoriferous with a pleasant scent and that the flowers are diurnal, opening at 5: 30 a. m., generally with many trees of a region flowering at the same time, making the species quite conspicuous in the forest canopy. The fruits are widely consumed by Psittacidae birds such as those of the genera Pionus Wagler, Pionopsitta Bonaparte, and Pionites Heine. The fallen fruits are also consumed by insects and rodents. The seeds are commonly preyed on by insects, especially Lophopoeum carinatulum Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Jesel (2005) postulated that, in addition to the zoochory, anemochory provides a limited fruit dispersal (not reaching great distances from the mother tree).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species was named for the region where the first collections were made.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowering has been observed from November to February, fruiting from January to May. Comprehensive and long-term studies on the phenology and ecology of D. guianensis were carried out by Loubry (1993), Caron et al. (1998), and Jesel (2005). Bena (1960) mentioned that D. guianensis lose their leaves after fruiting, but this was not corroborated by any other literature about the genus, herbarium specimens, or several individuals of both species observed by us in different phenological states, including after fruiting. Uses: — The timber of this species is considered to be of excellent quality, making it one of the most economically important genera of subfamily Dialioideae. The wood is exported from French Guiana and Suriname to markets worldwide; it is reported to be one of the most or even the most exported timber species from French Guiana (Record and Hess 1943, Koeppen 1967, Hammond et al. 1996, Jesel 2005). The wood is rich in silica and exceptionally hard (as in the three closest related genera: Apuleia Mart., Distemonanthus Benth., and Dialium), making it highly resistant to rot and consumption by crustaceans and aquatic mollusks like the “ gusano ” or “ shipworm ” (family Teredinidae). Because these properties it is widely used for shipbuilding and civil construction in general (Record and Mell 1924, Record and Hess 1943, Milanez and Mattos Filho 1959, Kukachka 1964, Koeppen 1967). Its resin can be used to make varnish (Ducke 1948), although Koeppen (1967) indicated that such use appears to be rare.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — The estimated EOO for D. guianensis is 152,312 km, and several authors have indicated that the species is common (Hammond et al. 1996, Mori et al. 2002; Jesel 2005). Some populations are contained in protected areas, mainly in French Guiana, such as the Parc Amazonien de Guyane, where most of the forest is intact, and logging activities are generally well managed (Gourlet-Fleury 2004, Guitet et al. 2012). Thus, we tentatively recommend the Least Concern category (LC) for the species. However, we stress that given high harvesting pressure from the timber industry and the unknown impacts of climate change on the species, populations of D. guianensis should be monitored throughout the range of the species. Jesel (2005) conducted comprehensive analyses on reproduction, seed dispersal, and population regeneration following logging.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular Names: — Through the Guianas, the species has common names mainly in French and in several indigenous languages, such as: Angélique, Angélique gris, Angélique rouge, Angélique blanc (these different names used to different “ morphotypes ” varying according with timber characters like color), Angélique franc, Angélique batard, Aisili, Bois angelique, Barakaroeballi, Basrakaroeballi, Barakaruballi, Basralocus, Basralokus, Basra loksi, Bastard locus, Dobono-so, Guyana teak, Gueli, Lébi, Lokus, Kabakally, Kire-oe, Kierou, Kiejere-oe, Kieereoe, Sienga pretoe, Sienxa pretoe, Siengdia peto, Siengdia apeto, Singapetou, Tamoene-kereoe, Teck de la Guyane, Teck de Guyane, Wamaradan, and Wéti.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic Comments: — An anomalous D. guianensis specimen from French Guiana (A. Gentry 63030) has the second-largest leaflet observed in the genus. It is also the only mature specimen with trifoliolate leaves, an unstable character since it has other leaves presenting five leaflets. D. guianensis is morphologically homogenous, including in the same area of the anomalous specimen. So, this anomaly does not seem to be taxonomically relevant.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB2B813FF1DFA395DC1B5DD.taxon	materials_examined	Additional Specimens Examined: — Guyana. — ESSEQUIBO: Puruni River, 16 - V- 1953, Forestry Dept. 7799 (K); French Guiana. — CAYENNE: Approuague: Fleuve Approuague, riviere Arataye, saut Pararé, 24 - IV- 1976, Sastre, C. 4828 (NY; P; U); ancient village Tortue, grande forêt derrièvere village, 28 - I- 1967, Oldeman 2391 (P); montagne des Nouragues, bassin de l’Approuague, 4 ° 5 ’ N 52 ° 42 ’ W, 31 - XII- 1988, Loubry, D. 109 (US); fleuve Approuague, riv. Arataye, sauts Parare, Barrier, S. 3959 (MO); Camopi: forêt primaire près de Zidockville, haut Oyapock, 7 - VIII- 1980, Prévost, M. F. 931 (P); Trois Sauts, forêt primaire Ipési, 17 - V- 1975, Grenand 948 (P); Cayenne: new road to Brazil (route de l’est), 12 kms S of the bridge over the Compté River, Ca. 57 kms S of Cayenne, 9 - I- 1977, Mori, S. 8885 (MO; NY; P; US), crique cabaret, 25 - I- 1966, Oldeman, B. 1950 (IAN; NY); 12 - II- 1985, Sauvain, M. 223 (P); Kourou: environs de la montagne des Singes, exploitation forestière des compagnos Réunis, 23 - XII- 1981, Granville 4977 (P; US); Montagne des Chevaux: carrière de la SCC, 4 ° 44 ’ 34 ” N 52 ° 26 ’ 12 ” W, 5 - II- 2009, Tostain, O. 2347 (P); St georges: Régina, entre pk 25,4 et 29,2, 4 - XI- 1998, Grenand 3057 (NY; U); Route de Cayenne, km 8,750, 27 - III- 1956. Unknown collector 7421 (NY); 18 - I- 1956, Bafog 7181 (NY); 18 - I- 1956, Bafog 7184 (NY); Sinnamary: piste de Saint-Elie, interfluve Sinnamary / Counamana, 5 ° 20 ’ N 53 ° 0 ’ W, 9 - I- 1991, Prévost, M. F. 2946 (INPA; NY); 21 - XII- 1987, Feuillet, C. 4488 (P); fleuve Sinnamary, sur de la crique Grégoire, au quatrème abattis, 3 - V- 1968, Oldeman B - 1624 (L; NY; P; US); Sinnamary River, above Petit Saut, 5 ° 0 ’ N 53 ° 1 ’ W, 29 - VIII- 1993, Mori, S. 23447 (NY); SW de Sinnamary, piste de St Elie PK 17 ecerex, 15 - VIII- 1980, Granville 3442 - A (P); forêt Paracou, site expérimental C. T. F. T., bassin du Sinn Paraku, 5 ° 20 ’ N 52 ° 55 ’ W, 1 - XII- 1986, Sauvain, M. 740 (P); future nouvelle RN 1, a 1 km vers l´ouest a partir du pk 16 de la route d´acess vers petit saut, 5 ° 10 ’ N 52 ° 53 ’ W, 12 - II- 1988, Billiet, F. 4375 (RB); Crique Paracou, dispositif sylvolab Paracou, 5 ° 16 ’ N 52 ° 56 ’ W, 31 - X- 1996, Hallé, F. 4420 (U); route de Ste. Elie, parcelle arbocel, 25 - IX- 1977, Sastre, C. 6047 (P); SW de Sinnamary, piste de St Elie, parcelle biomasse, III- 1980, Lescure 889 (NY; US); St. Elie research station of IRD, 5 ° 18 ’ 12 ” N 53 ° 2 ’ 53 ” W, 27 - IV- 2007, Redden, K. M. 5979 (US); Route de L’Est, near the bridge over the Compte, 1976, Champagne, H. 84 (NY); SAINT LAURENT DU MARONI: 6 - III- 1994, Angel, G. 57 (U); 8 - IV- 1993, Angel, G. 129 (L); 27 - X- 1992, Angel, G. 182 (L); 14 - IV- 1961, Aubréville 235 (P; US); Batteufeli s. n. P 02743965 (P); 1861, Mélinon 300 (F; NY; P; US); Mélinon 333 (P; R); 1862, Mélinon 593 (P); Mélinon 618 (P); 1865, Mélinon P 00251023 (P); Mélinon 28 (P); Mélinon s. n. P 00251020 (P); P 00251021 (P); P 00251032 (P); P 00251033 (P); P 900251042 (P); P 00251037 (P); P 00251038 (P); P 00251039 (P); P 02743943 (P); P 02743944 (P); Service Forestier 6046 (P); 6058 (P); 1856, Sagout 97 (P); 1874, Sagout 1311 (P); 1859, Sagout 1211 (NY; P); 1859, Sagout s. n. P 00251024 (P); 20 - X- 1938, Vaillant 35 (P); XII- 1919, Wachenhein, G. 50 (P); 18 - XI- 1921, Wachenhein, G. 141 (P); 13 - VII- 1921, Wachenhein, G. s. n. P 00251030 (P); Charvein: 29 - I- 1914, Benoist, R. 510 (P); route de Charvein à l’Acarouany, km 3 coté sud er a 30 metres de la route, 17 - XII- 1953, Unknown collector P 02771988 (P); Route de Mana, Bafog 7195 (NY); 21 - XII- 1955, Bafog 7113 (NY); 4 - I- 1956, Bafog 7130 (NY); 20 - I- 1956, Bafog 7186 (NY); 20 - I- 1956, Bafog 7192 (NY); 20 - I- 1956, Bafog 7194 (NY); 20 - I- 1956, Bafog 7191 (NY); 19 - XII- 1955, Bafog 7103 (NY); Mana: route de mana, à 1 km après le pour de la crique Marget, à gauche er a 50 mètres de la route, 28 - I- 1954, Unknown collector P 02771986 (P); Maripasoula: forêt dense entre Maripasoula et Wacapou, 30 - VIII- 1961, Schnell, R. 11667 (P); Saul, Monts La Fumée, 3 ° 37 ’ N 53 ° 12 ’ W, 16 - IX- 1982, Boom, B. 1710 (NY); 21 - IX- 1982, Boom, B. 1781 (NY); 24 - IX- 1982, Boom, B. 1810 (NY); Boom, B. 1823 (NY); 8 - X- 1982, Boom, B. 1903 (NY); 12 - X- 1982, Boom, B. 2003 (NY); 21 - X- 1982, Boom, B. 2245 (NY); Boom, B. 2246 (NY); 24 - X- 1982, Boom, B. 2324 (NY); Boom, B. 2345 (NY); 25 - X- 1982, Boom, B. 2366 (NY); Boom, B. 2377 (NY); Boom, B. 2392 (NY); Saul: near junction of main la Fumée trail with Antenne nord, 3 ° 37 ’ N 53 ° 12 ’ W, 28 - III- 1983, Mori, S. 15430 (NY; US); vicinity of Eaux Claires, just S of Eaux Claires on the route de Bélizon, 3 ° 37 ’ N 53 ° 12 ’ W, 9 - II- 1993, Mori, S. 22890 (MO; NY; U); 10 - I- 1996, Mori, S. 24340 (L; NY; P; US); near the geographic center of the department of Guyane Française, plateau La Duoane and vicinity, 19 - XII- 1976, Mori, S. 8801 (NY; P); Saul, forêt humide vers le Crique Limonode, 3 - IX- 1976, Raynal, A. 18533 (NY; P); La Fumée mountain trail, between entrance and junction of now defunct Antenne Nord, 3 ° 37 ’ N 53 ° 12 ’ W, 8 - I- 1996, Mori, S. 24319 (L; NY; P; US); forêt humide vers la crique Limonade, 9 - III- 1976, Raynal, A. 18553 (P); rivière grand Inini, entre Grand Carbet et l’embouchure du Petit Inini, 10 - IX- 1970, Granville B- 3755 (P); 15 - I- 1976, Granville 2661 - A (P; US); upland tropical moist forest on lateritic soil, transect No. 5, 3 ° 38 ’ N 53 ° 12 ’ W, 21 - VI- 1988, Gentry, A. 63030 (MO); Saint-Laurent: crique Voltaire, camp Voltaire, 5 ° 3 ’ N 54 ° 5 ’ W, 5 - XII- 1996, Cannell, R. 4509 (P; U); Unknown collector P 04449742 (P); P 00251036 (P); P 00251047 (P); P 00251048 (P); P 00251049 (P); P 00251050 (P); P 02743948 (P); P 02743949 (P); P 02771992 (P); P 02771995 (P); P 02743955 (P); P 02743956 (P); P 02743974 (P); P 03602353 (P); Suriname. — BROKOPONDO: van Blommesteijn lake, Tonka Island, the almost northern arm, 14 - IV- 2008, Behari - Ramdas, J. 197 (L); along road to Affobakka, 1 km N of junction with Brokopondo Road, 13 - II- 1964, Lems, K. 5109 (NY); MAROWJINE: via secta ab Moengo Tapoe ad Grote Zwiebelzwamp, 22 - IX- 1948, Lanjouw, J. 389 (IAN; NY); PARA: Suriname rivier, Suhoza, 29 - V- 1947, Bosbeheer, L. 60 (U); Suhoza, 10 - VI- 1947, Helstone, R. M. 45577 (WAG; US); Zanderij, grounds of Land’s Bosbeheer, 11 - II- 1964, Lems, K. 5086 (NY); Zanderij, Stahel, G. s. n. RB 756216 (RB); 1 - IX- 1942, Stahel s. n NY 2599 (NY; IAN; MO); 1 - IX- 1948, Unknown collector MO 3425232 (MO); 20 - III- 1923, Unknown collector 6090 IAN 49927 (IAN; NY); 1 - II- 1943, Unknown collector s. n. IAN 38284 b (IAN; F; NY); 11 - IX- 1916, Unknown collector F 2037938 (F); 1 - II- 1923, BW 2371 (P); 2 - XI- 1918, Boswezen, B. W. 4065 (L; NY; US); Zanderij, Unknown collector NY 2574 (NY); near Zanderij airfield, 14 - XII- 1946, Navy Project 245 (F); SIPALIWINI: vicinity of Ulemari River, 13 km upstream from its confluence with Litani River, 3 ° 13 ’ 17 ” N 54 ° 15 ’ 31 ” W, 6 - IV- 1998, Hammel, B. 21377 (L; NY; US); 2 ° 46 ’ 05 ” N 54 ° 51 ’ 15 ” W, 6 - IV- 1998, Evans, R. 2943 (MO; US); 3 ° 13 ’ 17 ” N 54 ° 15 ’ 31 ” W, 4 - IV- 1998, Evans, R. 2812 (QCNE; F; MO; NY; U; US); upper Suriname r., Gran Lio, 1.8 km S from Gran Lio end of Kajana aistrip, 3 ° 53 ’ 1 ” N 55 ° 34 ’ 29 ” W, 16 - IX- 2005, Hoffman, B. 6397 (L); UNKNOWN DISTRICT / PROVINCE: 24 - I- 1907, Bosbeheer 44 (L; IAN); 2 - XII- 1922, Forestry Bureau 6028 (RB); 16 - II- 1923, Forestry Bureau 6073 (U); 20 - II- 1924, Forestry Bureau 6371 (MO; NY); 14 - I- 1952, Helstone, E. M. s. n. WAG 1016583 (WAG); 25 - X- 1926, Junker 501 (L); XI- 1959, Schulz, J. P. 8204 (WAG); VI- 1944, Unknown collector IAN 38284 (IAN); 12 - II- 1915, Unknown collector 651 L 1957775 (L); 19 - II- 1918, Unknown collector 4198 MO 1576407 (MO; NY); 24 - XI- 1922, Unknown collector F 1954879 (F; NY; US); 11 - II- 1919, Unknown collector 4254 US 1954853 (US); 8 - II- 1919, Unknown collector 4237 F 1769029 (F); 15 - II- 1923, Unknown collector 6071 (IAN; U); 22 - II- 1918, Unknown collector 4084 P 251017 (P).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — BRAZIL. “ Pará ” [probably actually the state of Amazonas], 1781 – 1789, Unknown collector [probably Richard, L. C. M.] P 02142577 (Lectotype: P!; Isolectotype: P!). Designated by R. C. Koeppen (1967).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	description	Medium to large trees, (6 –) 8 – 35 (– 40) m tall; trunk 10 – 100 cm in diameter; buttresses up to 2 m tall. Leaves (10 –) 14 – 42 (– 50) cm long, leaflets 5 – 11 (– 13), elliptical, ovate, or oblong, generally acuminate to cuspidate at apex, more rarely acute or caudate, base obtuse, cordate, truncate, or cuneate, the abaxial face glabrous to sparsely pubescent, papillate or not, terminal leaflets (5.5 –) 8 – 18 (– 21) × (2 –) 3.5 – 9 (– 13) cm, the length 1.4 – 4 times the width; petiolules (2 –) 3 – 10 (– 12) mm long; axillary buds laterally oblong, elliptical, obovate, orbicular or lanceolate, being acuminate, acute, or obtuse at apex, 2 – 7 × 1 – 4 (– 5) mm, close or apart the leaf attachment point; terminal buds strongly capitate, usually orbicular at apex, more rarely acuminate, 4 – 8 × 5 – 10 mm. Inflorescences (9 –) 13 – 32 (– 45) × 4 – 26 cm; sericeous to pilose, rarely tomentose, golden to brown to dark brown; bracts 4 – 10 × 2 – 5 mm; pedicels 4 – 7 mm long. Flower buds 7 – 11 × 5 – 7 mm; sepals 7 – 11 × 4 – 7 mm; petals 8 – 16 × 6 – 13 mm, claws 2 – 5 mm; filament of longer stamen 6 – 10 × 1 – 3 mm, filament of shorter stamen 2 – 4 × 1 – 3 mm, anther of longer stamen with 4 sporangia, anther of the shorter stamen with 8 – 11 sporangia in the median to apical region, both anthers 3 – 5.5 × 2 – 3.5 mm; carpel 3 – 6 (– 8) × 1 – 3 mm, style 3 – 6 mm long, ovules 2 – 4. Fruits (3 –) 4 – 8.7 (– 9) × 2.5 – 4.5 × 0.3 – 0.5 cm, wing (2.5 –) 4 – 7 mm wide; seeds 1.5 – 2 × 1 – 1.7 × 0.4 cm. (Figs. 3 – 4, 6 B, D – H; 7 – 8; 9 A – D, H, K, N – O, R).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, Biogeographical Patterns, and Ecology: — Dicorynia paraensis is distributed in the Amazon basin, mainly north of the Amazon River in in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará and, rarely, Amapá. It also occurs in adjacent portions of Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru (Fig. 5). Its presence in Peru and in the Brazilian state of Amapá is first cited here (Dávila, N. 1406 F; H. Medeiros 3114 RB 766186). Its presence in the state of Roraima is not confirmed. The few specimens cited for this state are sterile Papilionoideae (J. G. Soler 96 RB 00141726) or misidentified Martiodendron excelsum. Ducke (1948) already mentioned the total absence of the genus in the Branco River (a tributary of the Negro that crosses Roraima). However, due to the state’s proximity to the areas where Dicorynia occurs in the upper Negro River and upper Uatumã and the existence of similar environments in the region, the possible occurrence of the genus in Roraima must not be discarded. Some existing references to the occurrence of the genus in the state of Tocantins are just confusion with the Tonantins River, in the state of Amazonas (Fig. 5). The species occurs in “ várzea ” and “ igapó ” seasonally flooded forests, campinarana forests, and humid “ terra firme ” ombrophilous forests, on both sandy and clay soils, never far from rivers. It was considered once one of the most common trees along the banks of the Negro River and its larger tributaries (Ducke 1948, Horn 1948). However, outside this limited region, it is considerably rare. Since the distribution is mainly riparian, the seasonality of floods in these environments is likely important for seed dispersal in at least three of the four varieties of this species (var. ingens, var. paraensis, and var. uaupensis). The dry fruits contain a very thin seed chamber with air, which allows them to float considerable distances from the parental trees, often washing ashore on riverside beaches. In the same habitats, the close related genera Apuleia and Dialium also exhibit similar partial hydrochoric dispersal via floating dry fruits (Falcão, 2020 b, unpubl. Data, present work). In the case of Dicorynia and Apuleia, the laterally compressed and modestly winged morphology of the fruits also allows for some level of anemochoric dispersal. However, the distances that seeds travel by this mode appear to be quite limited (Jesel, 2005). However, anemochory is presumably the primary mode of dispersal in the variety macrophylla since it occurs mainly in “ terra firme ”.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	discussion	In D. paraensis, the habitat seems to be of great importance in infra-specific delimitation, mainly between varieties macrophylla and paraensis, which almost always occupy, respectively, “ terra firme ” and “ igapó ” forests. This also happens in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in the upper Negro River, the only area where both varieties co-occur and where some level of reproductive isolation between them may still exist. Variety macrophylla can rarely occur in flooded forests, with two observed individuals in “ várzea ” in the Solimões River, a “ white water ” river, and three individuals in “ igapó ” in lower Negro River and Uatumã River, both “ black water ” rivers. In the lower Amazon River, var. macrophylla possibly occupies a different habitat than var. ingens, whose two known individuals occur in possibly floodable areas on the riverside. However, this should be taken with caution due the small number of known individuals of var. ingens. Var. uaupensis occurs in two different environments depending on the region: on Japurá River, a “ white water ” river where only this variety occurs, all individuals occur in “ várzea ” areas. It occurs in “ terra firme ” forests in the upper Negro River basin, in Uaupés, Içanã, and Guainia Rivers to the south of Venezuela, all “ black water ” rivers. Finally, in the lower Negro River, from Anavilhanas to Manaus, and in the Uatumã River, both “ black water ” rivers, the variety is almost always in “ igapó ” forests. Although these differentiated environmental patterns are quite strong, the environmental conditions that may be leading to this variation in areas of occurrence remain a mystery (Figs. 5; 10). With the infrageneric circumscription proposed here for D. paraensis, only var. uaupensis and var. paraensis occur in Venezuela, only var. uaupensis occur in Colombia, and only var. macrophylla occur in Peru. In Brazil we have var. macrophylla in Amazonas and Pará, var. ingens only in Pará, var. paraensis only in Amazonas and var. uaupensis in Amazonas and, rarely, in Amapá. Due to some of its morphological characteristics and distribution, the four varieties of D. paraensis form two more closely related groups: one with var. paraensis and var. uaupensis, taxa with smaller leaves and fewer leaflets, being taxa mainly restricted to the Negro, Japurá, and Uatumã River basins, more to the north of the genus distribution. The other group, with var. macrophylla and var. ingens, with larger leaves and more leaflets, occurring mainly in Solimões and Amazon Rivers, to further south of the genus’ distribution range, with a small population of var. macrophylla restricted to the region of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, on the upper Negro River. It is not known whether these two distribution centers communicated across Negro River or the north of the Solimões basin and whether the variety still occurs between these two areas and lacks collections, or whether the two populations are currently isolated (Fig. 5). In the taxonomic circumscription proposed by Koeppen (1967), most of D. paraensis varieties have an overlapping geographical distribution. With the circumscription presented here, biogeographic and ecological patterns could be proposed. D. paraensis var. ingens occurs in comparatively less humid areas concerning the other varieties (2000 mm). Var. macrophylla, and D. guianensis are in intermediate precipitation regions (2200 and 2800 mm), and var. uaupensis and var. paraensis present a greater amplitude (2200 - 3700 mm) (Fig. 10). Besides that, the Amazonian rivers seem to play an important role in the possibly hydrochoric dispersion of the fruits in D. paraensis, as the genus is almost absent from the south of the Amazon River, being present along its main tributaries to the north, with rare exceptions in the lower Maués River and the far west of Brazil and far east of Peru in the basin of the Juruá and Solimões Rivers. Also, different varieties are partially contained in basins of different rivers (Fig. 5), which may indicate that riverine barrier processes may interfere in Dicorynia distribution. Due to the dispersal difficulty, the species can have reduced gene flow from side-to-side of wider rivers such as the Amazon. This biogeographic pattern was also observed in other plants and animals. The apparent absence of the species in most of the southern Amazon could also be related to seasonality due the region’s relatively low precipitation in the drier months of the year (Wallace 1852, Collevati et al. 2009, Nazareno et al. 2017, 2019). A variety of interactions between D. paraensis and animals have been observed. For example, insect galls frequently occur in fruits of specimens from throughout the distribution of the species (Nascimento, O. C. 216 IAN), and the seeds are often consumed by Coleopteran larvae on fruits still on the trees (Falcão, personal observation). Since the identical fruits of D. guianensis are reported as commonly consumed by parrots (Jesel 2005), the possible ecological importance of D. paraensis to Amazonian avifauna should also be studied. The flowers of the species are odorous and probably pollinated by bees (Dulmen et al. 2001). Collectors have noted associations with ants, which access flowers or build nests in the branches (Hervé Galliffet; personal observation, Lima, H. C. 1987 MO).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet refers to the collection of the type in Pará, at the time corresponding to “ Grão-Pará ”, which encompassed the modern states of Pará and Amazonas. Since the specific locality is unknown, it is not possible to know with certainty from which of these two modern states the type collection originated. However, given the distribution of var. paraensis, it is likely that the collection originated from the Negro River basin in Amazonas.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — This species blooms from October to January, with peak flowering usually in November; it rarely blooms from February to April. Fruiting commences in January. Old fruits remain on trees until flowering occurs the following year, this is a recurrent pattern in closely related genera of subfamily Dialioideae. Uses: — Despite the widespread commercial harvest of D. guianensis in French Guiana and Suriname and apparent similarity between its timber and that of D. paraensis (Milanez and Mattos Filho 1959, Koeppen 1967), the commercial potential of the timber of the latter species is little developed, with only rare reports of its use in building construction in the Brazilian state of Pará (Ducke 1948, Koeppen 1967). Fruits, although dry, are rarely mentioned as edible (Koeppen 1967, R. L. Fróes 21539).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — The estimated EOO for D. paraensis of 1,599,196 km is expansive. It is distributed in several protected areas, such as Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Reserva Biológica de Uatumã, and Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas in Brazil, which implies a conservation status of Least Concern. However, unlike the relatively abundant D. guianensis, this species appears to be rare, except in some areas of the Negro River drainage (Macbride 1943, Ducke 1948, Horn 1948, present work). Moreover, since D. paraensis is mostly restricted to riverine areas, the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is likely to be only a small fraction of the EOO. The riverside seasonally inundated zone is at relatively high risk from anthropogenic alterations, such as increasing deforestation on several Amazonian regions, even in legally protected areas (Potapov et al. 2017; Montibeller et al. 2020; INPE, 2020) and altered hydrology due to hydroelectric development, as occurred, for example, with the construction of Balbina dam in Brazilian Uatumã River basin, one of the main areas of occurrence of D. paraensis. Thus, efforts should be made to better understand the impacts of these threats on population trends.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular Names: — Angélica, Angélica-do-Pará, Ingazeiro, Cedrinho, Cumarurana-vermelha, Cumaruranaroxo, Itauba-rana, Macucu-roxo, Taboarana, Tachi-branco, Tapaiúna and Tapanhaúna. The species appears to be little known, even among natives, lacking popular names in numerous regions. Several of the vernacular names are also used for other genera of Fabaceae, such as Tachi-branco for Tachigali Aubl., Cumarurana-roxo for Dipteryx Schreb., Taboarana for Acosmium Schott and Leptolobium Vogel, and Itauba-rana for Sweetia Spreng., Acosmium, and Leptolobium.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFB6B80DFF1DFDF459AEB2DD.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic Comments: — Koeppen (1967) briefly indicates differences in axillary buds of some varieties of D. paraensis. Those descriptions are subjective and, in some occasions, were not confirmed in the present work. However, the axillary buds, when observed laterally, proved here to be a strong taxonomic character. Under frontal view, they are homogeneous, with a triangular to orbicular shape, but laterally, the buds in var. macrophylla are large and generally oblong / elliptical, often acuminate at apex, this character being practically absent in other varieties. Rare specimens of var. macrophylla have large orbicular buds. In var. paraensis, the buds are always small and narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate. Such buds are not found in other varieties. Buds in var. uaupensis are relatively variable, more frequently narrow obovate, commonly apart the leaf’s attachment point, while in other varieties, the bud is closer to the leaf pulvinus. Less commonly, they are small orbicular to oblong and, in rare cases, large oblong and acuminate, as in var. macrophylla. Finally, var. ingens have small orbicular buds, different from var. macrophylla, on which, when rarely orbicular, they are much larger. (Fig. 6).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA8B80FFF1DF8F558BEB66D.taxon	description	Trees up to 26 m tall. Leaves 16 – 28 (– 40) cm long, 5 (– 7) leaflets, terminal leaflets generally broadly ovate to broadly elliptical to broadly oblong, less commonly elliptical to oblong, cordate to truncate to obtuse at base, the abaxial face glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent, generally non-papillate, rarely papillate, (7.5 –) 10.5 – 18 × 4 – 9 cm, the length 1.5 – 2 (– 2.3) times the width; petiolules (5 –) 7 – 10 (– 12) mm long; axillary buds commonly deciduous, laterally narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5 – 3 (– 4) × 0.5 – 2 (– 3) mm, always close to the leaf attachment point, less than 0.5 mm above it. Inflorescences ca. 22 – 32 × 4 – 14 cm long, sericeous, rarely tomentose, golden to brown, the lateral subthyrsoids long and almost always upward from their base, rarely with tertiary subthyrsoids branching before the emission of cymes; indumentum of the external face of the sepals and petals golden to brown. Fruits 4.2 – 7.5 × 2.5 – 3.7 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm. (Figs. 3 E – G; 6 D; 7 A).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA8B80FFF1DF8F558BEB66D.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology: — The variety occurs in the Negro River basin in the southern extremes of Venezuela and in Amazonas, Brazil, from Cucui and Içanã downstream to the Anavilhanas. It appears to be most common in the upper drainage of the Negro River. Given the proximity of some of the collection localities to the Colombian border, the variety is to be expected in that country (Fig. 5). Virtually all specimens of the variety were collected from “ igapó ” forests. In parts of its distribution, it co-occurs with varieties macrophylla and uaupensis, but the former is strongly associated with terra firme forest. It appears to be the smallest variety, with the largest specimens reaching 20 - 26 m in height.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA8B80FFF1DF8F558BEB66D.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowering occurs from November to December, fruiting from December to May.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA8B80FFF1DF8F558BEB66D.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — D. paraensis var. paraensis has an EOO of 85,360 km and is known from a relatively small number of collections, most of which are old collections. Even though its EOO is high to consider the taxon threatened by IUCN’s criteria B, its rarity and lack of recent collections indicate that it can be considered Vulnerable, based on IUCN Red List criteria A, C, and D.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA8B80FFF1DF8F558BEB66D.taxon	discussion	Nomenclatural Comments: — In the original description of the genus and generic type, D. paraensis, Bentham (1840) mentioned a material located by him in the Paris herbarium. However, no information about the specimen was offered. In his subsequent treatment for the genus in Flora Brasiliensis (1870), the only representative collection cited was Spruce 3501 / 1918 (BR; GH; K; NY; P; RB; TCD; W), a series of materials containing the name D. spruceana Benth., a name never validly published and described solely as a synonym for D. paraensis in Bentham’s work (1870), being, in fact, a nomen nudum, as noted by Koeppen (1967). Such collection (from 1851) was made after the description of the genus (Bentham 1840) so that it cannot be the original material. Koeppen (1967), identified a collection in P that was possibly the material used by Bentham to describe D. paraensis. It has no collector name or number and only the locality “ Pará ”. Koeppen indicates that this material was probably collected by L. C. Richard between 1781 and 1789 (such information, according to him, was obtained in correspondence with the then director of the Natural History Museum in Paris, Dr. Aubrevillei) and considers this specimen as the type of D. paraensis, indicating the material (P 02142576) with the type label and mentioning in his work this unique specimen as a type, making it unnecessary to lectotypify it here, despite not using the word “ lectotype ” or “ designated here ” in his work (articles 7.11 and 9.4 of the Code: Turland et al. 2018). Taxonomic Comments: — The typical variety of D. paraensis can be distinguished from D. paraensis var. uaupensis by the generally smaller number of leaflets, (although there is some overlap in this character), by the generally wider leaflets, longer petiolules, and by the shape and size of the axillary buds; from D. paraensis var. ingens by the generally smaller leaves, smaller number of leaflets, longer petiolules, and the shape of the axillary buds; and from D. paraensis var. macrophylla by the generally smaller leaves, smaller number of wider leaflets, shape and size of the axillary buds, and habitat preference (Table 1).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA8B80FFF1DF8F558BEB66D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional Specimens Examined: — Brazil. — AMAZONAS: Anavilhanas, igapó, solo aluvial, margem do Rio Negro, 28 - V- 1988, Augusto, L. 675 (INPA); Barcelos, igapós do Mariuá, entre a boca dos rios Itu e Aracá, 0 ° 42 ’ 13 ” S 62 ° 58 ’ 41 ” W, 9 - III- 2014, Flores, B. M. 37 (INPA); Cucuí, 26 - IV- 1975, Nascimento, O. C. 216 (IAN; RB); Santa Izabel, Rio Negro, 8 - XII- 1931, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 24185 (RB); 1 - IV- 1932 Ducke, A. 51 (NY); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, alto Rio Negro, serra Uanari, margem esquerda, mata de igapó, 25 - IX- 1987, Lima, H. C. 3297 (INPA; NY; RB); próximo a boca do Rio Uaupés, 0 ° 3 ’ 22 ” N 67 ° 13 ’ 48 ” W, 8 - IV- 2013, Cardoso, D. 3440 (HUEFS; INPA); margem direita do Rio Negro, costa do Jupatí, 19 - XII- 1978, Damião, C. s. n. INPA 80652 (INPA; MG); igapó próximo à comunidade Tapajós, 5 km abaixo de São Gabriel, 0 ° 10 ’ 44 ” S 67 ° 0 ’ 41 ” W, 15 - VII- 2008, Zartman, C. E. 7581 (INPA); mata de terra firme, terreno arenoso, 8 - III- 1975, Silva, N. T. 3783 (IAN); margem do Rio Negro, vila Içana, 21 - XII- 1945, Fróes, R. L. 21539 (IAN; NY; US); Rio Negro, próximo a São Felipe, 18 - V- 1975, Rosa, N. A. 368 (IAN; MG; NY); alto Rio Negro, ilha de Nossa Senhora Aparecida, igapó, 13 - XI- 1987, Lima, H. C. 3197 (INPA; NY; RB); Rio Negro infra ostium flum Curicuriary, 15 - XI- 1936, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 35072 (RB; US); Venezuela. — AMAZONAS: Rio Negro, 1 ° 53 ’ 2,8 ” N 67 ° 3 ’ 5.5 ” W, gallery forest on white sand. Tree, 20 m. 16 - II- 2005. Redden, K. M. 3730 (NY; US).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	description	Trees up to 28 (– 40) m tall, very rarely shrubs. Leaves (10 –) 14 – 31 cm long, leaflets 7 (9), very rarely 10 (some leaves of a single specimen), terminal leaflets narrowly elliptical to narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate, usually obtuse to truncate at base, very rarely cordate or cuneate, the abaxial face sparsely pubescent to glabrous, papillate or not, (5.5 –) 8 – 12 (– 16.7) × (2 –) 3.5 – 5 (– 7.6) cm, the length 2 – 3 (– 4) times the width; petiolules (2 –) 4 – 7 (– 9) mm long; axillary buds non deciduous, generally laterally narrowly obovate, less commonly oblong or orbicular, acuminate to obtuse at apex, (2 –) 3 – 5 (– 7) × 1 – 3 (– 4) mm, commonly apart from the point of leaf attachment, 1 – 4 mm above it. Inflorescences ca. (9 –) 13 – 28 × (4.5 –) 6 – 12 (– 20) cm, sericeous, golden to brown, secondary branches perpendicular to the central axis or ascending, rarely tertiary branches; indumentum of the external face of the sepals and petals white to golden to brown. Fruits 4.3 – 7 × 3 – 4 × 0.5 cm. (Figs. 3 B – D; 4 A-B, H-N; 6 B, G; 7 C).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology: — D. paraensis var. uaupensis occurs in southern Venezuela, eastern Colombia, and in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and, rarely, Amapá. The variety occurs mainly in the basins of the Negro (Guainia), Japurá (Caquetá), and Uatumã Rivers. Its distribution partially overlaps with varieties macrophylla and paraensis (Fig. 5). It is the only taxon within Dicorynia found so far in the Brazilian state of Amapá, although with great rarity, being observed in the present work as a new area of occurrence for the genus. Only one specimen was recorded in the region (H. Medeiros 3114 RB). Although such specimen is sterile, its leaves and axillary buds strongly resemble this variety. This specimen occurs considerably distant from the closest populations of var uaupensis in the Uatumã river basin, in the state of Amazonas, thus increasing its area of occurrence. As the region between these two populations is little sampled in botanical collections, we think it is likely that the variety occurs at least in the southern part of this apparent disjunction, including in the state of Pará, through the Amazon River basin. It is important to emphasize that the northernmost part of this disjunction corresponds to areas of higher elevation and less precipitation than those where records of the genus exist (Figs 5, 10). Therefore, we find it less likely that the species occurs in such regions. There is a single record of the variety from outside of the native distribution, a specimen collected on a farm in Rio de Janeiro in 1872 (Glaziou 1583). Whether the locality data are incorrect or the record represents a cultivated specimen is unclear. Cases of specimens of Amazonian species numbered by Glaziou and erroneously indicated as occurring in Rio de Janeiro are recurrent in herbaria. The former farm is now a highly urbanized part of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Variety uaupensis exhibits the broadest environmental tolerance, with some populations almost always associated with well-drained terra firme forest, such as in the upper Negro River basin, and others with seasonally inundated “ várzea ” or “ igapo ” forests, such as those along the Japurá River and the middle and lower Negro River. It is very rare, however, that the variety occupies multiple forest types in the same region, and where it co-occurs with var. macrophylla, it is essentially restricted to seasonally inundated forests, while the latter occurs almost always, in “ terra firme ” forests. In Negro River, where it co-occurs with D. paraensis var. paraensis, they share similar environments of “ igapó ” forests.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The name uaupensis is a reference to the Uaupés River, one of the main tributaries of the upper Negro River and along which Richard Spruce collected the type in 1852.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowering from September to February, more rarely from August to March; fruiting from February to August.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — Dicorynia paraensis var. uaupensis has an estimated EOO of 1,025,074 km and is accessed as Least Concern, with the same reservations mentioned for the status of the whole species.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	discussion	Nomenclatural Comments: — It was necessary to select second steps lectotypes for D. paraensis var. floribunda R. C. Koeppen and D. paraensis var. breviflora (Benth.) R. C. Koeppen. In both cases, Koeppen (1967) specified that the “ type ” was housed at K, but the two collections are represented in that herbarium by three duplicates each. The collections are, respectively, R. Spruce 2135, which was not seen by Koeppen and may represent three different collections from the same tree (Koeppen 1967), and R. Spruce 1306, which was indicated by Bentham in the description of the basionym (1870) and later cited by Koeppen (1967). The duplicates selected as the lectotypes are two that bear extensive notes written by the collector Richard Spruce (K 000264598; K 000264605) (Article 9.6 of the Code: Turland et al. 2018). As the varieties uaupensis, breviflora, and floribunda were published simultaneously by Koeppen (1967), they have equal priority under the Code (Turland et al. 2018, article 11.5). Here we choose the name D. paraensis var. uaupensis for the recognized taxon, as the morphology of the type from the Uaupés River region best exemplifies the taxon. As var. floribunda appears to be an aberrant morphological variation and var. breviflora has this name due to Bentham’s observations of flower characters not supported here. It should be noted that Koeppen (1967) considered D. paraensis var. floribunda and D. paraensis var. uaupensis to be new combinations based on the names that appeared as synonyms of D. paraensis in Flora Brasiliensis (Bentham, 1870), citing their authorship as “ (Spruce ex Benth.) R. C. Koeppen ”, which is broadly used to date. However, both names coined by Richard Spruce, were not validly published since Bentham included them in the comments concerning D. paraensis, citing Spruce’s specimens that contained such names (see Turland et al. 2018, article 36.1). Thus, Koeppen inadvertently described two new varieties, and the correct authorship for both taxa are R. C. Koeppen, without any parenthetical authorship. A note regarding this problem was made by Kanchi Gandhi and is attached to the isotypes deposited in the NY herbarium. Taxonomic Comments: — It can be distinguished from the typical variety by the generally greater number of leaflets (although there is a small overlap in this character), narrower leaflets, smaller petiolule length, and shape of the axillary buds. Differs from D. paraensis var. ingens by the generally smaller leaf size, smaller number of leaflets, narrower leaflets, base of the leaflets generally obtuse, the larger petiolule length, and shape of the axillary buds; and from D. paraensis var. macrophylla by the generally smaller leaf size, the smaller number of leaflets, the shorter leaflets, the smaller petiolules length, shape of the axillary buds, and habitat preference where the two varieties cooccur (Table 1). The types of varieties uaupensis and breviflora are practically identical in number, size and shape of leaflets, inflorescences, flowers, etc. For Koeppen (1967) they are distinct by the petals abaxial face with whitish indumentum in variety uaupensis (vs. golden in variety breviflora) and the leaflets abaxial face with non-papillate epidermis in var. uaupensis (versus papillate in var. breviflora). Although whitish petals and, sometimes also sepals, are indeed characteristic of some populations of var. uaupensis, mainly in Japurá and Uatumã Rivers, such characters are not exclusive to this variety, they are rarely seen in specimens of other varieties with variable vegetative morphologies (A. Ducke s. n. RB 24185). Besides that, individuals from the aforementioned populations of var. uaupensis and from other populations, such as those in Venezuela and the lower Negro River, have petals’ indumentum with intermediate colors from white to golden / brown (C. A. Cid Ferreira 3564; 3753), similar to those found in specimens cited as varieties breviflora and floribunda. Finally, different patterns in leaflet surface, including presence / absence of papillae could not be related to other morphological or geographic patterns through these populations. In addition to these characters, leaflet venation in the type of variety breviflora is much more evident than in the type of var. uaupensis. This distinction also does not hold in comparisons of broader sets of specimens. Other purported differences in the flowers cited by Bentham (1870), as concluded by Koeppen (1967), are of little taxonomic value and were probably based on observation of underdeveloped flower buds. Finally, it should be noted that the geographical distributions of these two varieties as circumscribed by Koeppen completely overlap, further substantiating our decision to treat them as synonyms. As for D. paraensis var. floribunda, the type is remarkable in its relatively small, revolute-margined leaflets. Koeppen (1967) also cited the following characters to differentiate it: pustules on the leaflets, the leaflet abaxial face papillate and glandular, relatively small flower buds, and the tip of the ovary tapering. However, most of these characters are exceptionally variable in D. paraensis, and even the two main features that characterize the type, small and revolute-margined leaflets, vary considerably, even among duplicates of the type, with one of them (R. Spruce 2135 K 000264600) with leaflets of shape and size indistinguishable from those of several individuals of var. uaupensis. Tiny leaves are also found in individuals of other varieties at the bases or even in the middle of the inflorescences, being in reality leafy developed bracts. Besides that, several specimens of var. macrophylla, ingens and uaupensis present revolute margins (C. A. Cid Ferreira 6787). This character is more common in branches with smaller or less developed leaves, while this varies even among the duplicates of var. floribunda’ type. Concerning the presence of pustules in the leaflets, a character that, according to Koeppen, had not been observed in any other taxa than var. floribunda. We could observe that this is not such an unusual feature, being found in specimens of various vegetative morphological types (B. Krukoff 8635; A. Ducke 1011, among others). Nevertheless, Ducke (1948) indicated that the former taxon, which he treated as a full species, D. floribunda, was also distinct in being a very large tree with a wide and flat crown. However, the subjectivity of this description and almost total absence of information on shape and size of tree crowns for most of the collected specimens of D. paraensis, along with the fact that Ducke did not describe the character for varieties uaupensis and breviflora, make the feature questionable for the delimitation of these taxa. Koeppen (1967) defined D. paraensis var. floribunda as scarse, based on the existence of only two specimens and on Spruce’s field notes, which collected a single specimen of this “ Dicorynia of small leaves ” even after intense search in the region. After Koeppen’s work, only one other similar specimen was collected in the region, with leaflets of intermediate size between those of D. paraensis var. floribunda and D. paraensis var. uaupensis (M. G. M. Roosmalen 1377). Thus, D. paraensis var. floribunda does not seem to be clearly defined by any character, and is thus synonymized here to D. paraensis var. uaupensis. Koeppen (1967) indicated that var. floribunda and var. breviflora differ by the shape of the upper portion of the ovary, being tapered in the first. Even in the types, this characteristic is weakly distinguishable and is just one more minimal variation among several others found in Dicorynia gynoecium.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFAAB805FF1DFD645CB8B66D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional Specimens Examined: — Brazil. — AMAPÁ: Pedra branca do Amapari, Parque Nacional das Montanhas do Tumucumaque, 1 ° 14 ’ 14 ” N 52 ° 25 ’ 30 ” W, Floresta ombrófila densa, 24 - XI- 2017, Medeiros, H. 3114 (RB); AMAZONAS: Novo Airão, praia de areia branca, abaixo do rio Negro, 2 ° 38 ’ 5 ” S 60 ° 55 ’ 35 ” W, floresta de igapó, 25 - II- 2000, Oliveira, A. A. 3557 (UNIP); braço de rio ao lado de Novo Airão, 2 ° 37 ’ 1 ” S 60 ° 57 ’ 52 ” W, 24 - II- 2000, Oliveira, A. A. 3546 (UNIP); rio Içana, 25 - V- 1975, Rosa, N. A. 386 (IAN); margem do rio Içana, adjacência da serra de Tunuhy, 14 - XI- 1945, Fróes, R. L. 21403 (IAN; NY; US); Villa Bittencourt, rio Japurá, margem esquerda, mata de várzea, 22 - XI- 1982, Amaral, I. L. 618 (INPA; MG; NY; RB); Novo Japurá, ao longo do rio, 1 ° 54 ’ S 67 ° 1 ’ W, 10 - XI- 1982, Cid, C. A. 3564 (INPA; MG; NY; R; RB; US); Villa Bittencourt, rio Japurá, igarapé Patoá, igapó, 19 - XI- 1982, Amaral, I. L. 574 (INPA; MG; NY; RB); Novo Japurá, margem direita, lago do Mapari, 10 - XI- 1982, Amaral, I. L. 401 (INPA; NY; RB; US); fronteira de Brasil e Colômbia, Novo Japurá, Villa Bittencourt, rio Apapóris, margem esquerda, igarapé preguiça, 1 ° 14 ’ S 69 ° 25 ’ W, 21 - XI- 1982, Cid, C. A. 3753 (INPA; MG; NY; RB; US); margem do rio Negro, próximo de Manaus, praia do Cajo, solo arenoso, 30 - XI- 1977, Coelho, L. F. 656 (INPA); Manaus, estrada do Aleixo, porto Mauá, 23 - IV- 1970, Rodrigues, W. 8819 (INPA); Manaus, Tarumanzinho, rancho 6 irmãos, 23 - XI- 2000, Mansano, V. F. 117 (UEC); Manaus, igarapé da Cachoeira Grande, silva riparia non inundabili, 25 - V- 1941, Ducke, A. 727 (IAN; MG; NY; R); 2 - II- 1930, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 20337 (RB; US); Manaus, 20 - III- 1932, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 24184 (RB; US); Manaus, 25 - X- 1929, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 23319 (RB; US); Manaus, rio Negro, entrada do igarapé Tarumã-Açú, praia da Lua, 3 ° 2 ’ 23 ” S 60 ° 7 ’ 18 ” W, 16 - VIII- 2018, Falcão, M. J. 91 (RB); margem do igarapé do Tronco-Manaus, capoeira fechada, 20 - II- 1956, Chagas, J. 3471 (IAN; INPA; US); Manaus, Condomínio T. Loureiro, 3 ° 2 ’ 39 ” S 60 ° 6 ’ 19 ” W, 25 - XI- 1999, Oliveira, A. A. 3504 (UNIP); UHE Balbina, rio Uatumã, Base II, 22 - IX- 1988, Webber, A. 1250 (INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, canteiro de obras da UHE Balbina, 1 ° 30 ’ S 59 ° 30 ’ W, 11 - IX- 1986, Cid Ferreira, C. A. 8065 (MO; NY; US); Santa Isabel do rio Negro, 0 ° 24 ’ S 65 ° 0 ’ W, 16 - VIII- 1999, Roosmalen, M. G. M. 1377 (INPA); Santa Isabel, rio Negro, silva rarius inundabili, 8 - III- 1936, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 35075 (INPA; NY; RB; US); rio Negro, boca do Miry, 1947, Fróes, R. L. 22867 (IAN; US); “ Para ” (probably actual Amazonas, rio Negro), prior 1785, probably L. C. Richard s. n. P 02743988 (P); Colombia. — AMAZONAS: Resguardo Aduche, Correg. De Pto, Santander, 72 ° 19 ’ W 0 ° 39 ’ S, 1 - XII- 1993, Cárdenas, D. 4289 (COAH; MG); rio Caquetá, margen derecho, frente a Villa Azul, terraza baja, 6 - IX- 1989, van Andel, T. 233 (COAH; NY; U); 12 - IX- 1989, van Andel, T. 271 (COAH; NY; U); Pena Roja, varzea, 13 - X- 1993, Dulmen, A. V. 168 (COAH; L); 23 - IX- 1993, Dulmen, A. V. 160 (COAH; U); aproximadamente 540 m en dirección 20 ° de la margen izquierda del Río Caquetá en frente de la punta sur de la isla Yarumal, 1 ° 7 ’ 51 ” S 71 ° 32 ’ 33 ” W, 21 - V- 1997, Sánchez, M. 3261 (COAH); CAQUETÁ: Araracuara, El Engaño, 25 - XI- 1991, Restrepo, D. 599 (MO; NY); 8 - XI- 1991, Restrepo, D. 404 (NY); VAUPES: Estación Biológica Caparú, within 3 km of the norh bank of lago Taraira, 1 ° 0 ’ S 69 ° 49 ’ W, 8 - III- 1990, Defler, S. 727 (COAH; MO; US); Venezuela. — AMAZONAS: Atabapo, IV- 1990, Yanez, M. 481 (MO); Atabapo, Piedra Sapo, rio Atacavi, 3 ° 5 ’ N 67 ° 2 ’ W, XI- 1989, Velazco, J. 1005 (MO; NY; US); bosque de tierra firme de ladera, ca. 1.5 km al este de la boca del caño frente a Laja Viento, por el rio Guainia, 2 ° 4 ’ 59 ” N 67 ° 5 ’ 21 ” W, 1 - IV- 2000, Berry, P. E. 7460 (MO; NY); rio Guainia, riverine forest just south of Maroa, 28 - XI- 1953, Maguire, B. 36460 (F; NY; RB; U; US).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	description	Large trees. Leaves (20 –) 26 – 50 cm long (probably even larger due to some duplicates with big leaflets detached from the rachis), leaflets (9 –) 11, terminal leaflets broadly ovate to broadly oblong, cordate to slightly truncate at base, the abaxial face pubescent, papillate, with conspicuous red to brown glandular trichomes visible under a stereomicroscope, (9 –) 10 – 21 × 5.5 – 13 cm, the length less than 2 times the width; petiolules 3 – 4 (– 7) mm long; axillary buds non-deciduous, orbicular, obtuse at apex, ca. 3 × 2 mm, close to the leaf attachment point, less than 0.5 mm above it. Inflorescences ca. 20 – 30 cm long, pilose, dark brown, secondary branches perpendicular to the central axis or ascending; indumentum of the external face of the sepals and petals golden to brown. Fruits 4 - 4.5 × 3 × 0.4 cm. (Figs. 6 H; 7 D; 8 D – G).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology: — D. paraensis var. ingens is known from only two collections from the banks of Trombetas River near Oriximiná in western Pará, Brazil. These two collections were both made by Ducke and may have possibly originated from the same individual (see taxonomic comments). While the habitat was not clearly described, the location of the type locality on the riverside suggests a distinction from D. paraensis var. macrophylla, the only other variety of D. paraensis in Pará, which usually occurs in “ terra firme ” forests. Their exact size is unknown, with only the mention of being tall trees.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet is from Latin, meaning large and unusual.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowering in March, fruiting in April.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — With only two specimens collected in a single region more than 90 years ago, Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens might be considered Critically Endangered, or even a possibly Extinct, applying IUCN criteria A – D. However, given imprecise collection data and the under collected surrounding region, we place it in the “ Data Deficient ” category.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic Comments: — Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens can be distinguished from D. paraensis var. paraensis by the generally larger leaves, larger number of leaflets, smaller petiolules, and shape of the axillary buds. It differs from variety uaupensis due to the generally larger leaves, larger number of leaflets, wider leaflets, base of the leaflets cordate to truncate, smaller petiolules, and shape of the axillary buds. Finally, from D. paraensis var. macrophylla due to the wider leaflets, shorter petiolules, shape of the axillary buds, and environment of occurrence possibly in flooded forests (Table 1). Koeppen (1967) considered variety ingens a morphologically variable taxon from Pará, even though only four specimens were known until then. Those specimens bear little vegetative resemblance to each other, one of them with the largest leaflets of the genus and other with small leaflets of a different shape and distinct axillary buds. Differences in size and shape of floral organs used by Ducke (1922, 1925, 1948) to diagnose D. ingens, the basionym of D. paraensis var. ingens, were discarded by Koeppen (1967), who distinguished it based on the leaflets with glandular trichomes, the indumentum on leaves and revolute margins, and the dark brown, pilose inflorescences axes (Koeppen used the term velutinous which not properly describe the character). Such characters are really present in all four syntypes of var. ingens plus a fifth specimen recently collected in Pará (S. M. Faria 1072), plus one from the Maués River in adjacent eastern Amazonas (K. Kubitzki 87 - 29). However, similar glandular trichomes occurs in some distant specimens of var. macrophylla (M. J. Falcão 90; Cardoso, D. 3397), var. paraensis, (A. Ducke s. n. RB 35072) and var. uaupensis (A. Ducke s. n. RB 35075; Coelho, L. F. 656). As for the leaf indumentum, there are several similar specimens in varieties macrophylla and uaupensis. Besides that, both characters vary strongly in degree even among the syntypes of var. ingens. The revolute margins are not constant even among the syntypes. The inflorescence indumentum of the five specimens from Pará and one from Maués River, while showing some variation in degree, is indeed different from the rest of the species. However, it is important to emphasize that a wide range of colors can be found through the species with several shades of golden and brown. Among the four syntypes of var. ingens, the morphology of leaves and axillary buds show two differentiated groups: one that fits within the delimitation proposed here for var. macrophylla (A. Ducke 16696; 11014 in Almeirim and Gurupá regions), and another group containing the lectotype of var. ingens (A. Ducke 15707; 16022 in Oriximiná region), being plants exceptionally differentiated from var. macrophylla and other varieties. Thus, we were confronted with two main taxonomic hypotheses for var. ingens: 1 - Covering the four syntypes and two newer collections, only var. ingens would occur in Pará, extending to Maués River in Amazonas, strongly varying morphologically and the only distinctive characters from var. macrophylla would be a greater number of glandular trichomes in leaflets and the pilose and dark brown inflorescences (both characters varying in degree, even within only six specimens, and the former existing in some specimens of other varieties); and 2 - The hypothesis here proposed, with var. ingens restricted to Oriximiná, consisting of two specimens that are unique in the combination of leaf / leaflet size and shape, petiolules length, and axillary bud size / shape. It seems possible that the two collections were gathered at different times from the same tree, since Ducke (1948) indicated that he had observed only a single individual in the region. Being so, the specimens from eastern Pará and the Maués River are otherwise compatible with var. macrophylla, which would remain vegetatively and geographically stable with the inclusion of these individuals, in addition to having some scattered specimens with more glandular trichomes. A possible weakness for this hypothesis is the great frequency of darker pilose indumentum in the eastern most populations of var. macrophylla, similar to var. ingens, which could indicate the existence of gene flow due to the intercrossing between the two varieties in Pará. Thus, until now, the mentioned evidences led us to maintain var. ingens as a differentiated infra-specific taxon, although closely related to var. macrophylla and with a reformulated morphological / geographical delimitation. It is worth mentioning that, more than fifty years after Koeppen’s work, apparently only one new specimen of Dicorynia was collected in Pará (S. M. Faria 1072), which may indicate a rarity of the genus in this region, since many riverine areas in the state have been widely sampled in recent decades. It should also be noted that a large amount of Fabaceae materials from the region were observed here and no new specimens of Dicorynia were found. The only recent collection for Pará also falls within the delimitation proposed here for var. macrophylla, collected in Trombetas River, north of the area of occurrence of var. ingens. Furthermore, the question remains as to whether var. ingens still exists, 80 years after the last collections in a region that has suffered huge anthropic environmental impacts in the past decades.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA0B804FF1DFD645D8BB1A1.taxon	materials_examined	Additional Specimens Examined: — Brazil. — PARÁ: Oriximiná, Trombetas, 11 - IV- 1916, Ducke, A. s. n. MG 16022 (BM; MG; P; RB; US).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	description	Trees up to 15 – 40 m tall. Leaves (20 –) 28 – 42 (– 45) cm long, leaflets (9 –) 11 (– 13), often pendent, terminal leaflets generally narrowly oblong, less commonly oblong, usually truncate to obtuse at base, rarely cordate, the abaxial face glabrous to slightly pubescent, papillate or not, sometimes with red or brown glandular trichomes, (7.5 –) 11 – 15 (– 18) × (3 –) 4 – 6.5 (– 7) cm, the length (2.1 –) 2.5 – 3.5 (– 3.7) times the width; petiolules with (3 –) 6 – 8 (– 10) mm long; axillary buds non deciduous, laterally oblong to elliptical, acuminate to obtuse at apex, more rarely orbicular, (4 –) 6 – 7 × 3 – 4 (– 5) mm, commonly close to the leaf attachment point, 0.5 – 1 (– 2) mm above it, sometimes pedunculate. Inflorescences ca. 17 – 32 (– 45) × 9 – 20 cm, sericeous, golden to brown, rarely pilose, dark brown, secondary branches perpendicular to the central axis or ascending; indumentum of the external face of the sepals and petals golden to brown. Fruits (3 –) 4 – 8.7 × 3 – 4.5 × 0.3 – 0.5 cm. (Figs. 6 C-G; 6 E – F; 7 B; 8 A – C).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	distribution	Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology: — Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla has a broad geographical distribution, ranging in Brazil from eastern Pará to western Amazonas. The distribution also extends across the western border to Loreto Department in the Peruvian Amazon. This is the first published record of the genus in Peru (Dávila, N. 1406). Macbride (1943), in the flora of Peru, mentions during the treatment of the genus Martiodendron that the occurrence of Dicorynia is unlikely in the country, and later mentions were not found. D. paraensis var. macrophylla occur, in the forests of Gurupá in Pará, in areas very close to the south of Amapá state, so that the occurrence of this variety in Amapá is not unlikely. The variety macrophylla distribution follows the Amazon River, and includes the lower portions of some of its major tributaries, including the Trombetas, Maués, Uatumã, Tefé, Juruá, and Ucayali Rivers. It appears to have a disjunct area of distribution in the upper Negro River basin, near São Gabriel da Cachoeira. It is the only variety of D. paraensis present across a large part of its distribution, and is the only one known to occur south of the Amazon River. Where its distribution overlaps with those of the other varieties, its exclusivity to terra firme forests helps to distinguish the taxon. It can be found more rarely in swampy areas, “ várzea ”, and “ igapó ” forests. It seems to be the tallest variety, with several specimens reaching 30 - 40 m tall, which does not occur in D. paraensis var. paraensis and is very rare in D. paraensis var. uaupensis.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet macrophylla comes from the Greek makros and phyllon, which means large leaf. The choosing of this name by Ducke is curious, since he described a few years earlier another species of the genus, Dicorynia ingens, which may have leaves and leaflets as large than or larger than D. paraensis var. macrophylla.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowering from November to January, more rarely from October to March; fruiting from February to May, more rarely from December to July.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla has an estimated EOO of 714,228 km and is assessed as Least Concern, with the same reservations mentioned for the status of the whole species.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic Comments: — It can be distinguished from D. paraensis varieties paraensis and uaupensis by the generally larger leaf size, larger number of leaflets, axillary bud shape and size, and from the last variety also by petiole length. Differs from variety ingens in leaflet shape, larger petiolule length, and axillary bud shape and size. Finally, the variety macrophylla has a much stronger fidelity to “ terra firme ” forest habitats than the other varieties (Table 1), which occur more often in seasonally inundated forests. Although there are some records that the leaflets in var. macrophylla are strongly pendent (example: Cardoso, D. 3397 HUEFS), there is at least one known exception for this character (Falcão, M. 90 RB), and the small number of photos of this variety in situ and the almost total lack of information about this characteristic (hanging leaves) on exsiccate labels makes it difficult to understand the real frequency of this character mentioned by Ducke (1948) for the variety.	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
CA3B87EFFFA1B806FF1DFA2058F2B505.taxon	materials_examined	Additional Specimens Examined: — Brazil. — AMAZONAS: Manaus: Parque 10 de novembro, 24 - X- 1955, Rodrigues, W. A. 2219 (INPA); 11 - XI- 1969, Rodrigues, W. 8612 (INPA; MO); 23 - XII- 1958, Coêlho, L. 6857 (INPA; US); 14 - II- 1975, Prance, G. T. 23252 (INPA; NY; US); Manaus, 19 - XI- 1935, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 23322 (NY; RB; US); Manaus, silva riparia infra cataractam minorens fluminis Tarumá, 8 - I- 1942, Ducke, A. 863 (IAN; MG; NY; R; US); Manaus, rio Negro, igarapé Tarumã-Açú, igapó após a marina do Davi, 3 ° 2 ’ 39 ” S 60 ° 6 ’ 19 ” W, 16 - VIII- 2018, Falcão, M. J. 90 (RB); Manaus, estrada do Aleixo, silva paludosa non inundabili secus rivulum, 19 - XI- 1935, Ducke, A. 82 (MO; NY; R; US); Ponta Negra, baixo rio Negro, margem alagável do rio, solo arenoso e pedregoso, 12 - II- 1961, Rodrigues W. 2147 (INPA; US); estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 175, 4 - VII- 1968, Rodrigues, W. 8534 (INPA); 21 - X- 1965, Rodrigues, W. 8144 (INPA); km 79, 3 - VIII- 1968, Rodrigues, W. 8515 (INPA); Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, 2 ° 53 ’ S 59 ° 58 ’ W, 27 - X- 1995, Ribeiro, J. E. L. S. 1753 (IAN; INPA; NY; RB); rio Maués, rio Urupadi above Repartimento Amazonas, 15 - XI- 1987, Kubitzki, K. 87 - 29 (INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Reserva Biológica de Uatumã, Cachoeira Jacaré, 11 - XI- 2009, Silva, M. C. R. 137 (INPA); rio Uatumã, entre rios Pitinga e Uatumã, localidade Nazaré, 1 - 2 ° S 59 - 60 ° W, 18 - III- 1986, Cid Ferreira, C. A. 6787 (INPA; K; NY; US); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, estrada Perimetral Norte, sentido marco da linha imaginária do Equador, Km 27, 0 ° 3 ’ 36 ” S 66 ° 58 ’ 24 ” W, 6 - IV- 2013, Cardoso, D. 3397 (HUEFS; INPA); rio Negro, margem da Perimetral Norte, 12 - III- 1975, Ribeiro, B. G. S. 882 (IAN; RB); Ribeiro, B. G. S. 895 (IAN; RB); 11 - III- 1975, Pires, J. M. 15772 (IAN); Silva, N. T. 3808 (IAN); Silva, N. T. 3821 (IAN); 8 - III- 1975, Pires, J. M. 15765 (IAN); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, BR 307, km 29, 0 ° 0 ’ 55 ” S 66 ° 55 ’ 31 ” W, 6 - VII- 2007, Souza, L. A. G. 40 (INPA); rio Negro, São Gabriel, 8 - III- 1975, Silva, N. T. 3750 (IAN); São Paulo de Olivença, rio Jandiatuba, 5 - XII- 1975, Pires, J. M. 4171 (IAN; RB); São Paulo de Olivença, basin of creek Belem, 6 - XII- 1937, Krukoff, B. A. 8635 (NY; P; US); 23 - XII- 1948, Fróes, R. L. 23802 (IAN; RB; US); São Sebastião do Uatumã, igapó de topografia alta, situado as margens do rio Abacate, 2 ° 10 ’ 35 ” N 58 ° 43 ’ 7 ” W, 15 - V- 2016, Lobo, G. S. 5 (INPA); Tefé, rio Curimitá de baixo, 10 - VIII- 1982, Sergio, P. 139 (INPA); Tefé, Boa Vista, 31 - VII- 1981, Teixeira, P. S. 79 (INPA); Tefé, Proj. Radam, região do rio Jutaí, 17 - XI- 1975, Rosa, N. A. 586 (IAN); Tonantins, rio Tonantins, 15 min by motorboat upstream from confluence with rio Solimões, above Vila Velha, 2 ° 53 ’ S 67 ° 50 ’ W, 19 - XI- 1986, Daly, D. C. 4368 (INPA; MG; NY; US); Tonantins, silva riparia fluvii Solimões in limine terrae non inundabilis, 4 - XII- 1940, Ducke, A. 1011 (IAN; MG; MO; NY; R; RB; US); PARÁ: Almeirim, Bom Lugar, 5 - VII- 1915, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 11014 (RB); Gurupá, 17 - I- 1917, Ducke, A. s. n. RB 16696 (MG; R; RB; US); rio Trombetas, Cachoeira Porteira, estrada Perimetral Norte, 1 - XI- 1995, Faria, S. M. 1072 (HSTM; RB); Peru. — LORETO: Prov. Requena, Pueblo Remoyacu, sobre Río Galvez, tributario del Río Yavarí, 5 ° 27 ’ 18 ” S 73 ° 20 ’ 77 ” W, 7 - XI- 2004, Dávila, N. 1406 (F).	en	Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2022): A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae). Phytotaxa 554 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.1
