identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CA1687E7FFC4062FFF36FD855AFC9B2C.text	CA1687E7FFC4062FFF36FD855AFC9B2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyacophila schmidirossia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhyacophila schmidirossia ,  new species</p>
            <p>Figs. 1, 2</p>
            <p> “  Rhyacophila schmidi Ross (1969) . Malaisie.” Schmid 1970: 84, 131, pl. XL, fig. 1–3; nomen nudum. “  Rhyacophila rossoschmidia Ivanov &amp; Melnitsky (2009) ” Malicky 2010: 8; nomen nudum. </p>
            <p> Although the name “  Rhyacophila schmidi ” was attributed by Schmid (1970) to Ross, it seems never to have been published as an available name. Schmid’s bibliographic entry stated simply, "Ross, H.H., 1969, publication inconnue" apparently indicating that he had seen (courtesy of H. Ross?) the material intended for publication but not yet submitted. It does not appear in any of Ross’ publications (Morse 2007, personal communication; 2012) nor in Nimmo’s Bibliographia Trichopterorum (1996) for that period. A search in the Index to Organism Names (ION) provided by Thomson Scientific Company (2012) did not give any reference to this species, thus indicating that it has never been mentioned in the referred issues, namely Zoological Record, BIOSIS Previews, and Biological Abstracts. According to Article 13.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this name is not valid. We, therefore, consider it a nomen nudum and provide a new name and description for the species, supplemented by our own illustrations. We intended to provide a description of  R. schmidi several years ago and let Dr. Hans Malicky know that we were involved in this work. With this notion, Malicky (2010) included in his book the old figure by Schmid (1970) with the name  Rhyacophila rossoschmidia Ivanov &amp; Melnitsky 2009 . Unfortunately, the proposed publication was delayed and that new substitute name also is invalid. To avoid confusion, we have described our material here as a new species,  R. schmidirossia sp. n. and consider all previously published names for this species,  R. schmidi and  R. rossoschmidia , as nomina nuda. Our specimen (Fig. 1) has some differences from the drawings by Schmid (1970) (Fig. 2) in the shape of segment X and parameres, but we consider these differences to be a result of Schmid’s subjective and artistic drawing technique and individual variation among specimens. On the contrary, these differences might be a result of speciation and hence the lost type referenced by Schmid could represent a second, cryptic species from the Cameron Highlands. We have no information on the collecting dates of Ross' specimen so these two species could also have different flight periods, further facilitating ecological separation. Continuing sampling efforts in different seasons may eventually permit re-evaluation of this hypothesis. </p>
            <p>Holotype. Body and wings brown, wing veins dark brown, head yellowish, legs yellow. Fore wing length 6.0 mm, body length 5.2 mm. Abdominal segment V with external openings of pheromone glands and corresponding sternal sutures present, not modified. Sternal spine on abdominal segment VII small.</p>
            <p> Male genitalia (Fig. 1) generally matching figures and notes by Schmid (1970) for species cited as  Rhyacophila schmidi Ross 1969 . Segment IX in lateral view with straight dorsal half of anterolateral margins abruptly projecting anterad above small lateral excision and straight anterolateral margins of ventral half, posterolateral margins almost straight except for protruding dorsal part. Preanal appendages fused with segment X; in dorsal and lateral views posterior apex of this segment truncate with small, acute, dorsal, lateral, and ventral projections; in dorsal view outline of posterior part of this segment subtrapezoid with sides of anterior part parallel; in lateral view dorsal surface of this segment concave. Basal segments of inferior appendages (gonocoxites) with paired mesoventral sclerotized projections nearly touching each other; in lateral view ventral margin of each gonocoxite slightly concave, in ventral view internal surface concave with curved ventromesal ridge. Distal segment of each inferior appendage (gonostyle) shorter than its gonocoxite, ovoid in lateral view and flattened. Phallic structures as follows: short phallobase hidden in segment IX and firmly connected with needle-like and immobile aedeagus; phallus provided with paired parameres bearing stout lateral spines. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. This species is included in the  R. curvata Group (Schmid 1970) and most closely resembles  R. anakbuah Malicky 1995 , known from West Malaysia (Perak) where it was found at lower altitudes. These species have the following differences: Abdominal segment X in  R. anakbuah in dorsal view is almost rectangular and with a rather deep apical incision flanked by sclerotized areas, whereas in  R. schmidirossia this segment has a narrowing apical half, making it roughly pentagonal with a truncate apex possessing small sclerotized dorsal, lateral and ventral teeth. The configuration of the sutures on the dorsal side of segment X is different in these species, also. The aedeagus in  R. schmidirossia is longer and the parameres have more-developed spines than in  R. anakbuah . The ventral subbasal projections of the gonocoxites in the two species are similar, although these projections in  R. schmidirossia almost touch each other at rest and in  R. anakbuah they are widely separate. </p>
            <p>Holotype male: Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 2 km SW Brinchang, small left tributary brook of River Barum, 4º 30' 02" N, 101º 24' 16" E, h= 1626 m, 6 February 2006, leg. Ivanov, Melnitsky.</p>
            <p>Distribution. West Malaysia (Pahang).</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the names of Fernand Schmid and Herbert Ross, the famous trichopterologists who previously studied this species.</p>
            <p>Biology. This new species occurs very locally in the in Cameron Highlands. Our sample has been made in a single locality, a small brook near River Barum (Fig. 4 A). The waters of this brook are transparent and clean, with temperatures above 16˚C. The sampling time is the dry winter season. (The subequatorial climate of the Cameron Highlands has minimal rainfall in winter and summer, and maximal in spring and autumn, hence 2 weakly</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1687E7FFC4062FFF36FD855AFC9B2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Melnitsky, Stanislav I.	Ivanov, Vladimir D., Melnitsky, Stanislav I. (2013): New data on Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from West Malaysia and Indonesia (Lombok and Bali) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 476-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.8
CA1687E7FFC60628FF36F9DE5CF69CFF.text	CA1687E7FFC60628FF36F9DE5CF69CFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyacophila langkawia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhyacophila langkawia ,  new species</p>
            <p>Fig. 3</p>
            <p>Holotype. Male forewing average length 7.2 mm (n=7), body length 6.6 mm (n=7). Head light brown; abdomen, thorax and legs yellowish. Wings dark brown, with lighter speckles at basal anterior part of each forewing. Long projection from each pheromone gland on abdominal segment V. Abdomen with stout, short, sharp sternal process on segment VII in both sexes.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Segment IX with narrow lateral parts having sinuous anterior and posterior margins and elongate posterodorsal and posteroventral parts; its posterolateral margins concave dorsally and convex ventrally; posterior margin incised medially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages fused with segment X, making complex structure with pair of compressed, membranous, ventral parts and longer, sclerotized, dorsal part consisting of two pairs of processses; two dorsolateral processes of this dorsal part (probable preanal appendages) gradually curved downward, truncate and possessing small teeth apically; two ventromedial processes of this dorsal part gradually curved upward, rounded apically. Proximal segment of each inferior appendage (gonocoxite) long with enlarged basal half in lateral and ventral views. Distal segment of each inferior appendage (gonostyle) semicircular and concave mesally in caudal view, 1/4th as long as gonocoxite, with attenuated apicoventroal angle. Phallic structures: Phallobase fused with aedeagus, resulting in single long structure; its apical part obliquely truncate in lateral view; ventral acute projection of aedeagus with faint subapicolateral ridges; parameres sclerotized, very slender, acute, and slightly shorter than phallic structure.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. This species is also in the  R. curvata Group and closely resembles  Rhyacophila tantichodoki Malicky &amp; Chantaromongkol 1993 from South Thailand, but differs from it in the structure of male genitalia.  Rhyacophila langkawia has a uniformly straight phallic structure, but in  R. tantichdoki its apex is curved upwards so that the parameres are longer than the aedeagus in  R. tantichodoki and shorter in  R. langkawia . The ventral part of segment IX is longer in  R. langkawia , making an apparent ventral projection of the segment; this projection changes the orientation of the inferior appendages, turning them upwards when at rest in  R. langkawia , and the shorter sternal part of segment IX in  R. tantichodoki results in a more nearly horizontal position of the inferior appendages. The dorsolateral processes of the dorsal part of segment X are nearly straight, separated basally, and truncate with small teeth apically and ventromedial processes are well developed in  R. langkawia , whereas in  R. tantichodoki the dorsolateral processes are slightly curved inwards, acute, not separated basally and have no teeth apically, and the ventromedial processes are not well developed. </p>
            <p>Holotype male: Malaysia, Kedah, NW part of Langkawi, Temurun waterfall, 06º 26' 06" N, 99º 42' 30" E, h= 60 m, 29 January 2011, at light, leg. Melnitsky.</p>
            <p>Paratypes: Same data as holotype except leg. Ivanov, 6 males with 7 females possibly of this species.</p>
            <p>Distribution. West Malaysia (Kedah).</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of its homeland island Langkawi.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Rhyacophila langkawia has been found in a single locality (Fig. 4 B) of 6 collecting sites in Langkawi, so we suppose that it occurs very locally. It was sampled in the canyon approximately 50 m downstream of the largest waterfall of the island. The adults were found in a few light traps and apparently were absent in the close proximity of the waterfall. The stream has variable strength depending on the rainfalls; in the moment of collecting it had rather low water level and slow current speed because of the dry season. The stream waters were transparent and clean, with temperatures lower than those in the nearby streams. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1687E7FFC60628FF36F9DE5CF69CFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Melnitsky, Stanislav I.	Ivanov, Vladimir D., Melnitsky, Stanislav I. (2013): New data on Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from West Malaysia and Indonesia (Lombok and Bali) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 476-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.8
CA1687E7FFC10628FF36F8B65A1B9FE4.text	CA1687E7FFC10628FF36F8B65A1B9FE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyacophila anakbatukau Malicky 1995	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhyacophila anakbatukau Malicky 1995</p>
            <p>Material: Indonesia, Lombok: Rinjani National Park, Jeruk Manis waterfall, h=875, 08º30.40' S, 116º25. 23' E, at light, 7 March 2008, leg. Melnitsky, one male and one female; same island except Senaru, Sindanggala waterfall, h=455, 08º18.09' S, 116º24. 30' E, at light, 2 March 2008, leg. Ivanov, two males; same country except Bali: vic. Munduk, Melanting waterfall, h=900, 08º15.27' S, 115º04.12' E, at light, 16 March 2008, leg. Ivanov, one male.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1687E7FFC10628FF36F8B65A1B9FE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Melnitsky, Stanislav I.	Ivanov, Vladimir D., Melnitsky, Stanislav I. (2013): New data on Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from West Malaysia and Indonesia (Lombok and Bali) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 476-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.8
CA1687E7FFC10628FF36FABD5CB79E85.text	CA1687E7FFC10628FF36FABD5CB79E85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyacophila curvata Morton 1900	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhyacophila curvata Morton 1900</p>
            <p>Material: West Malaysia, Perak: Lata Iskander waterfall (25 km NE from Tapah), h= 400 m, 8 February 2006, leg. Melnitsky, one male; same country except Negeri Sembilan: Jeram Toi waterfall (25 km NE from Seremban), h= 280 m, 30 January 2006, leg. Melnitsky, two males and female; same province except Jeram Toi waterfall (25 km NE from Seremban), h= 280 m, 19 February 2006, leg. Ivanov, 1 male pupa; same country except Pahang: vic. Tanah Rata, h=1080, at light, 5 February 2011, leg. Melnitsky, one male. Indonesia, Lombok: Rinjani National Park, Jeruk Manis waterfall, h=875, 08º30.40' S, 116º25. 23' E, at light, 7 March 2008, leg. Ivanov and Melnitsky, three males and one female; same island except Senaru, Sindanggala waterfall, h=455, 08º18.09' S, 116º24. 30' E, at light, 2 March 2008, leg. Melnitsky, one female; same country except Bali: vic. Munduk, Melanting waterfall, h=900, 08º15.27' S, 115º04.12' E, at light, 16 March 2008, leg. Melnitsky, one male; same island except vic. Gitgit, Gitgit waterfall, h=520, at light, 15 March 2008, leg. Melnitsky, one male.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1687E7FFC10628FF36FABD5CB79E85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Melnitsky, Stanislav I.	Ivanov, Vladimir D., Melnitsky, Stanislav I. (2013): New data on Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from West Malaysia and Indonesia (Lombok and Bali) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 476-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.8
CA1687E7FFC2062BFF36FF305D429A2E.text	CA1687E7FFC2062BFF36FF305D429A2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyacophila stheneboia Malicky & Prommi 2006	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhyacophila stheneboia Malicky &amp; Prommi 2006</p>
            <p>Material: West Malaysia, Perak: Lata Iskander waterfall (25 km NE from Tapah), h= 400 m, 8 February 2006, leg. Melnitsky, one male; same country except Negeri Sembilan, Jeram Toi waterfall (25 km NE from Seremban), h= 280 m, 30 January 2006, leg. Melnitsky, one male and one female; same country except Pahang: Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata, Pauh river, h=1480, 04º28.79' N, 101º23.05' E, at light, 6-7 February 2006, leg. Ivanov, male; same province except vic. Tanah Rata, h=1080, at light, 5 February 2011, leg. Melnitsky, two males.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species occurs in a variety of biotopes, from the vicinities of large waterfalls (Lata Iskander; Jeram Toi) to small mountain rivers. The waters are always transparent and clean, with temperatures above 20˚C.</p>
            <p> An updated lists of the  Rhyacophila species known from Malaysia and Indonesia are as follows, with new distribution records shown in bold: </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1687E7FFC2062BFF36FF305D429A2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Melnitsky, Stanislav I.	Ivanov, Vladimir D., Melnitsky, Stanislav I. (2013): New data on Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from West Malaysia and Indonesia (Lombok and Bali) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 476-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.8
