taxonID	type	description	language	source
8DE409211758534985C0290DA8C99C10.taxon	description	Figs 4 A- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 A, 18 A, B, 19 A, B, 20 A, 21 A	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
8DE409211758534985C0290DA8C99C10.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China, Hong Kong • 1 ♂; Sha Tau Kok (Hoi Pui Leng); 22 ° 31 ' 48 " N, 114 ° 12 ' 27 " E; 24 May- 9 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKU • 1 ♂; Nam Chung, 22 ° 31 ' 32 " N, 114 ° 12 ' 29 " E; 27 Jun. - 11 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂; Lai Chi Wo, 22 ° 31 ' 38 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 44 " E; 29 Jun. - 16 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 13 ♀; So Lo Pun, 22 ° 32 ' 16 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 22 " E; 29 Jun. - 16 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂; So Lo Pun; 22 ° 32 ' 15 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 22 " E; 16 - 27 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Sam A Tsuen; 22 ° 30 ' 54 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 15 " E; 17 - 30 May 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂; Sam A Tsuen; 22 ° 30 ' 54 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 15 " E; 30 May- 13 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Sam A Chung; 22 ° 30 ' 30 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 21 " E; 30 May- 13 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Tsim Bei Tsui, Sha Kiu Tsuen; 22 ° 29 ' 23 " N, 113 ° 59 ' 59 " E; 14 - 28 May 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂; Tsim Bei Tsui, Sha Kiu Tsuen; 22 ° 29 ' 21 " N, 113 ° 59 ' 55 " E; 14 - 28 May 2018; ibid. • 2 ♀; Tsim Bei Tsui, Sha Kiu Tsuen; 22 ° 29 ' 22 " N, 113 ° 59 ' 57 " E; 28 May- 11 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 3 ♂ 2 ♀; Tsim Bei Tsui, Sha Kiu Tsuen; 22 ° 29 ' 21 " N, 113 ° 59 ' 54 " E; 28 May- 11 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Sheung Pak Nai; 22 ° 27 ' 09 " N 113 ° 57 ' 47 " E; 14 - 28 May 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂ 2 ♀; Sheung Pak Nai; 22 ° 27 ' 07 " N, 113 ° 57 ' 45 " E; 14 - 28 May 18; ibid • 1 ♀, Sheung Pak Nai; 22 ° 27 ' 08 " N, 113 ° 57 ' 47 " E; 28 May- 11 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Sheung Pak Nai; 22 ° 27 ' 05 " N, 113 ° 57 ' 44 " E; 28 May- 11 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Ha Pak Nai, near Western New Territories Landfill, 22 ° 25 ' 30 " N, 113 ° 56 ' 22 " E; 7 - 21 May 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂ 5 ♀; Ha Pak Nai, near Western New Territories Landfill; 22 ° 25 ' 31 " N 113 ° 56 ' 21 " E; 7 - 21 May 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Ha Pak Nai, near Western New Territories Landfill; 22 ° 25 ' 31 " N, 113 ° 56 ' 20 " E; 21 May- 5 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 2 ♀; Ha Pak Nai, near Western New Territories Landfill; 22 ° 25 ' 30 " N, 113 ° 56 ' 21 " E; 21 May- 5 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀, Tung Chung; 22 ° 16 ' 52 " N, 113 ° 55 ' 40 " E; 15 - 29 May 2018; ibid. • 10 ♂ 35 ♀; Tung Chung; 22 ° 16 ' 55 " N, 113 ° 55 ' 43 " E; 29 May- 12 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 2 ♀; Hang Mei; 22 ° 15 ' 07 " N, 113 ° 52 ' 06 " E; 23 May- 6 Jun. 2018; ibid. • 2 ♂ 4 ♀; Tai O; 22 ° 15 ' 27 " N 113 ° 51 ' 49 " E; 9 - 23 May 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Tai Tam; 22 ° 14 ' 45 " N, 114 ° 13 ' 23 " E; 28 Jun. - 12 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Ho Chung; 22 ° 21 ' 12 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 09 " E; 26 Jun. - 10 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Ho Chung; 22 ° 21 ' 16 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 09 " E; 26 Jun. - 10 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂; Ho Chung; 22 ° 21 ' 13 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 07 " E; 10 - 24 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 1 ♂; Sai Keng; 22 ° 25 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 11 " E; 26 Jun. - 10 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 4 ♂ 1 ♀; Sai Keng; 22 ° 25 ' 12 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 06 " E; 26 Jun. - 10 Jul. 2018; ibid. • 11 ♂, New Territories; May-July 2018; ibid. • 1 ♀; Mai Po Nature Reserve; 22 ° 29 ' 11 " N, 114 ° 02 ' 14 " E; 1 m a. s. l.; 29 Mar. - 12 Apr. 2014; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: MPNRM 003 GHy 4; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 10 - 24 May 2014; ibid.; ref.: MPNRM 010 GHy 6; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 24 May- 07 Jun. 2014; ibid.; ref.: MPNRM 012 GHy 7; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 25 Oct. - 01 Nov. 2016; WWF Hong Kong leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: WWF-M 00 GHy 3; CBC • 1 ♀; Mai Po Nature Reserve; 22 ° 29 ' 23 " N, 114 ° 01 ' 53 " E; 1 m a. s. l.; 05 - 19 Jul. 2014; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: MPNRM 017 GHy 11; CBC.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
8DE409211758534985C0290DA8C99C10.taxon	description	Description. Male: Antenna without tyloids. Clypeus (Fig. 21 A) with median section of anterior margin protruding, medially straight. Subantennal carina well developed; interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally. Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures mostly separated by at least their own diameter, punctures more closely spaced medially (Fig. 11 A); prescutal sutures short, extending to level of anterior margin of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 A); propodeal enclosure with several pairs of longitudinal carinae (Fig. 15 A); propodeum laterally and posteriorly coarsely reticulate. Petiole subcylindrical; T 1 relatively low (Fig. 5 A). Fore wing (Fig. 19 B) with first recurrent vein interstitial with first and second submarginal cells, second recurrent vein interstitial with second and third submarginal cells. Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 A, 9 A); antenna with scape yellow, remainder of antenna black except yellowish on venter of pedicel and very base of flagellum; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma black with tegula yellowish brown (Fig. 11 A), following yellow: pronotal collar, pronotal lobe, scutellum except scutellar groove, metanotum. Fore and mid legs with coxae black, remainder yellow except ends of tarsi brownish; hind leg black except basal half to two-thirds of tibia white, tarsus brown. Metasoma black except T 7 brown. Female: Clypeus (Fig. 21 A) with median section of anterior margin protruding, medially straight. Subantennal carina absent (Fig. 6 A). Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures mostly separated by at least their own diameter, punctures more closely spaced medially (Fig. 11 A); prescutal sutures short, extending to level of anterior margin of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 A); propodeal enclosure with several pairs of longitudinal carinae (Fig. 15 A); propodeum laterally and posteriorly coarsely reticulate. Petiole subcylindrical; T 1 relatively low (Fig. 5 A). Fore wing (Fig. 19 B) with first recurrent vein interstitial with first and second submarginal cells, second recurrent vein interstitial with second and third submarginal cells. Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 A, 9 A); antenna with scape yellow, remainder of antenna black except yellowish on venter of pedicel and very base of flagellum; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma black with tegula yellowish brown (Fig. 11 A), following yellow: pronotal collar, pronotal lobe, scutellum except scutellar groove, metanotum. Fore and mid legs with coxae black, remainder yellow except ends of tarsi brownish; hind leg black except basal half to two-thirds of tibia white, tarsus brown. Metasoma black with T 2 and S 2 black or with more or less well demarcated, large, lateral red spots.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
8DE409211758534985C0290DA8C99C10.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (* Hong Kong, Taiwan); Singapore; Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sumba, Pulau Buru, Kangean Islands, East Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah), Philippines (Luzon). (van Lith 1962, 1969, 1976).	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
60AE8E43376E5CA5AC3083CF42B1C7B3.taxon	description	Figs 4 B- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 B, 18 C, D, 19 C, D, 20 B, 21 B	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
60AE8E43376E5CA5AC3083CF42B1C7B3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China, Hong Kong • 1 ♂; Sha Tau Kok, Hoi Pui Leng; 22 ° 31 ' 47 " N, 114 ° 12 ' 28 " E; 10 - 24 May 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; HKU • 1 ♀; Nam Chung; 22 ° 31 ' 32 " N, 114 ° 12 ' 29 " E; 27 Jun. - 11 Jul. 2018; ibid • 1 ♀; Sam A Tsuen; 22 ° 30 ' 54 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 15 " E; 17 - 30 May 2018; ibid • 3 ♂; Tung Chung; 22 ° 16 ' 55 " N, 113 ° 55 ' 43 " E; 29 May- 12 Jun. 2018; ibid • 2 ♂ 1 ♀; Tai Tam; 22 ° 14 ' 45 " N, 114 ° 13 ' 23 " E; 28 Jun. - 12 Jul. 2018; ibid • 7 ♂; To Kwa Peng; 22 ° 25 ' 43 " N, 114 ° 20 ' 01 " E; 8 - 25 May 2018; ibid • 6 ♂; To Kwa Peng; 22 ° 25 ' 45 " N, 114 ° 20 ' 00 " E; 8 - 25 May 2018; ibid • 3 ♂; To Kwa Peng; 22 ° 25 ' 41 " N, 114 ° 20 ' 05 " E; 25 May- 10 Jun. 2018; ibid • 5 ♂ 8 ♀; Ho Chung; 22 ° 21 ' 12 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 09 " E; 26 Jun. - 10 Jul. 2018; ibid • 2 ♂; Sai Keng; 22 ° 25 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 11 " E; 26 Jun. - 10 Jul. 2018; ibid • 3 ♂; Yim Tin Tsai; 22 ° 22 ' 32 " N, 114 ° 18 ' 04 " E; 1 - 15 Jun. 2018; ibid • 3 ♂; New Territories; May-July 2018; ibid • 4 ♂ 1 ♀; To Kwa Peng; 22 ° 25 ' 43 " N, 114 ° 19 ' 59 " E; 21 Nov. - 5 Dec. 2017; C. Taylor and U. Chang; HKU • 1 ♀; Ping Shan Chai; 22 ° 29 ' 14 " N, 114 ° 11 ' 06 " E; 140 m a. s. l.; 30 Jul. - 03 Sep. 2016; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M 258 CHy 7; CBC • 1 ♀; Pak Sha O; 22 ° 26 ' 59 " N, 114 ° 19 ' 04 " E; 70 m a. s. l.; 22 Mar. - 05 Apr. 2014; ibid.; ref.: PSOM 152 CHy 1; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid ..; 05 - 19 Apr. 2014; ibid; ref.: PSOM 153 CHy 3; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid; 31 May- 14 Jun. 2014; ibid.; ref.: M 162 CHy 2; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid ..; 19 Sep. - 03 Oct. 2015; ibid.; ref.: M 220 CHy 1; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 11 - 25 Jun. 2016; ibid.; ref.: M 250 CHy 2; CBC • 1 ♂; ibid.; 18 May- 01 Jun. 2013; ibid.; ref.: M 131 CHy 1; CBC • 1 ♂; ibid.; 13 - 27 Jul. 2013; ibid.; ref.: M 135 CHy 3; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 01 - 15 Jun. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 418 CHy 4; CBC • 1 ♂; Mang Kung Wo; 22 ° 22 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 12 " E; 60 m a. s. l.; 28 Apr. - 12 May 2018; ibid.; ref.: M 345 CHy 3; CBC • 1 ♂; ibid.; 01 - 15 Jun. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 419 CHy 5, CBC • 2 ♂; ibid.; 13 - 27 Jul. 2019; ibid; refs: M 425 CHy 2 A and 2 B; CBC •	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
60AE8E43376E5CA5AC3083CF42B1C7B3.taxon	description	Description. Male: Antenna without tyloids. Clypeus (Fig. 21 B) with two blunt ventral teeth separated by a shallow rounded emargination, remainder of clypeal margin largely straight. Subantennal carina well developed (Fig. 7 B); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally. Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with intermixed larger and smaller punctures mostly separated by at least their own diameter (Fig. 11 B); prescutal sutures short, not extending beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 B); propodeal enclosure with several pairs of longitudinal carinae; propodeum laterally and posteriorly coarsely reticulate (Fig. 15 B). Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 relatively low (Fig. 5 B). Fore wing (Fig. 19 D) with first recurrent vein interstitial or reaching second submarginal cell near base, second recurrent vein reaching third submarginal cell near the base. Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 B, 9 B); antenna with scape, venter of pedicel and base of venter of flagellum yellow, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma black with following areas yellow (Figs 5 B, 11 B, 13 B): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe, mesoscutum with two broad yellow submedial longitudinal stripes reaching almost to posterior margin (Fig. 11 B), as well as broad marginal stripe laterally; scutellum except scutellar groove and small triangular median spot posteriorly; metanotum; mesopleuron anterior to anterior oblique suture, as well as small spot at top of hypoepimeral area and larger patch behind junction of anterior oblique suture and epicnemial crest; large paired patches laterally and posteriorly on propodeum. Legs mostly yellow, hind trochanter and base of hind coxa dark brown, hind femur, tibia and tarsus reddish. Petiole basally yellow, distally black; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish, S 7 dark brown (Fig. 5 B). Female: Clypeus (Fig. 21 B) with two blunt ventral teeth separated by a shallow rounded emargination, remainder of clypeal margin largely straight. Subantennal carina absent (Fig. 6 B); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally. Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with intermixed larger and smaller punctures mostly separated by at least their own diameter (Fig. 11 B); prescutal sutures short, not extending beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus narrowly foveolate (Fig. 12 B); propodeal enclosure with several pairs of longitudinal carinae; propodeum laterally and posteriorly coarsely reticulate (Fig. 15 B). Hind tibia with cluster of small dark denticles dorsobasally (Fig. 18 C) and transverse row of three short spines dorsoapically. T 1 swollen, nearly twice as high above dorsum of petiole as maximum height of petiole (Fig. 4 B). Fore wing (Fig. 19 D) with first recurrent vein interstitial or reaching second submarginal cell near base, second recurrent vein reaching third submarginal cell near the base. Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 B, 9 B). Antenna paler than male, pedicel and flagellum mostly brown except dorsum of flagellum blackish. Mesosoma yellow with following black (Figs 4 B, 10 B, 12 B): lower part of pronotum, three longitudinal spots anteriorly on mesoscutum, extending about two-thirds of length, low triangular patch on posterior margin of mesoscutum; scutellar groove and lateral pocket of scutellum; epicnemial area, episternal sulcus and around posterior end of mesopleural scrobe; mesoscutum with spot roundly extending onto base of mesopleuron; metapleuron dorsal enclosed area and median posterior groove of propodeum. Legs yellow except hind femur to tarsus reddish. Petiole basally yellow, distally black; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish, S 7 dark brown (Fig. 5 B).	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
60AE8E43376E5CA5AC3083CF42B1C7B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. * China (Hong Kong); Malaysia (Penang); Singapore (van Lith 1962, 1976).	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
F7911021C99A5A89B2FABACEA78A0B31.taxon	description	Figs 4 C- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 C, 18 E, F, 19 E, F, 20 C, 21 C	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
F7911021C99A5A89B2FABACEA78A0B31.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In its entirely black mesosoma (Figs 4 C, 5 C) with a polished horizontal area behind the propodeal enclosure (Figs 14 C, 15 C), narrow interantennal carina (Figs 6 C, 7 C), and indistinct pygidial plate (Figs 16 C, 17 C), this species comes closest to the Psenulus crabroniformis species group as defined by van Lith (1962). However, the species assigned to that group, P. crabroniformis (Smith, 1858) of western Indonesia and P. philippinensis (Rohwer, 1921) of the Philippines, have a well-developed subantennal carina in the female (in contrast to the notably weak carina in the current species), and the first recurrent vein is received by the first submarginal cell as opposed to being interstitial to first and second submarginal cell. Psenulus crabroniformis further differs in having the antennal scape yellow whereas P. philippinensis possesses a pair of well-developed frontal tubercles (van Lith 1962), both absent in P. ephippius sp. nov. The new species also resembles P. decipiens van Lith, 1976 in overall coloration and lack of antennal tyloids in the male but the latter species has longer prescutal sutures, as long as the scutum, and the position of the first recurrent vein is as in P. crabroniformis and P. philippinensis.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
F7911021C99A5A89B2FABACEA78A0B31.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: China, Hong Kong • ♀; Mang Kung Wo; 22 ° 22 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 12 " E; 60 m a. s. l.; 06 - 20 Apr. 2019; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M 407. C. Hy. 2; CAS. Paratypes: China, Hong Kong • 1 ♂; ibid.; 31 Mar. - 14 Apr. 18; ibid.; ref.: M 339. C. Hy. 4; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 28 Apr. - 12 May 2018; ibid.; ref.: M 345 CHy 4; [specimen destroyed at mounting] • 1 ♀; ibid; 20 Apr. - 04 May 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 411. C. Hy. 2; CAS • 1 ♀; ibid.; 11 Apr. - 25 May 2020; ibid.; ref.: M 483. C. Hy. 3; CBC.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
F7911021C99A5A89B2FABACEA78A0B31.taxon	description	Description. Male: Antenna without tyloids. Clypeus (Fig. 21 C) with two blunt ventral teeth separated by a rounded emargination, remainder of clypeal margin more or less straight on the first two-fifths and terminated by a flattened lobe on the last two-fifths of the margin. Subantennal carina well developed; interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally. Mesoscutum moderately punctate with small punctures separated by at least their own diameter (Fig. 11 C); prescutal sutures short, not extending beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate, mesopleural suture with small fovea on dorsal half; propodeal enclosure with marked fovea (Fig. 15 C); propodeum laterally and posteriorly coarsely reticulate, dorsally narrowly polished with very small and largely interspaced punctures (Fig. 15 C). Petiole subcylindrical; T 1 swollen (Fig. 4 C). Fore wing (Fig. 19 F) with first recurrent vein interstitial or reaching second submarginal cell near base, second recurrent vein reaching third submarginal cell at about one-sixth (0.17 x) of cell length from base. Head entirely black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 C, 9 C); antenna with scape dark brown, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum of a lighter brown, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum dark brown; mandible black on the apical third and basal sixth, the remainder yellow. Mesosoma entirely black (Fig. 5 C). Femurs, trochanters and coxae black, tibiae and tarsi light brown / yellow. Petiole mostly black, distally red / orange; remainder of gaster mostly reddish but T 2 - T 5 and S 3 - S 7 with large dark brown / black areas (Fig. 5 C). Female: Clypeus ventrally (Fig. 20 C) with two blunt / rounded teeth, separated by a deep rounded emargination, the remainder of the clypeal margin forming a shallow concavity extending across half of margin and terminated on last third with a blunt lobe intersecting eye margin; dorsal margin flattened on central third of transverse length of clypeus, the remainder reaching ventral margin along a shallow convex line. Subantennal carina weak, extending about one-third of distance between interantennal carina and eye; interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally. Mesoscutum moderately punctate with small punctures separated by at least their own diameter (Fig. 11 C); prescutal sutures short, not extending beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus and mesopleural suture narrowly foveolate along entire length (Fig. 12 C). Propodeum laterally and posteriorly weakly reticulate, dorsal half polished with very small and largely interspaced punctures (Fig. 14 C). Dorsal part of hind tibia, normal, no polished area and no small denticles dorsobasally (Fig. 18 E). Petiole subcylindrical; tergum I low (Fig. 5 C). Pygidial plate with very faint medial carina extending about half length of T 6 (Fig. 16 C). Fore wing (Fig. 19 F) with first recurrent vein interstitial or reaching second submarginal cell near base, second recurrent vein reaching third submarginal cell at about one-sixth (0.17 x) of cell length from base. Head entirely black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 C, 9 C); antenna entirely dark brown / black. Mandible yellow on basal half and then gradually darkening to become black at the apex. Mesosoma entirely black (Fig. 5 C). Femurs, trochanters and coxae black, tibiae and tarsi light brown / yellow except hind tibia dark brown / black. Petiole mostly black, distally red / orange; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish but T 2 - T 5 and S 3 - S 7 with large dark brown / black areas (Fig. 5 C).	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
F7911021C99A5A89B2FABACEA78A0B31.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Species named as a toponomy in reference to the mountain facing the type locality, Ma On Shan or Horse Saddle Mountain in Chinese (ephippium = saddle in Latin).	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C.taxon	description	Figs 4 D- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 D, 18 G, H, 19 G, H, 20 D, 21 D	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Based on a dorsally broadened interantennal carina (Figs 6 D, 7 D), bidentate clypeus (Figs 20 D, 21 D), short prescutal sutures (Figs 10 D, 11 D), hind tibia lacking basal spines (Figs 18 G, 19 G), and a well-defined pygidial plate, this species may be placed in the P. quadridentatus species group of van Lith (1962). The specimen resembles Psenulus compactus van Lith, 1962 (from Sumatra) but differs in the broadened excavation of the interantennal carina being less extensive (not extending below the antennal sockets), the subantennal carina being absent, and the mesosoma being less densely punctate. Psenulus gibbus sp. nov., superficially resembles P. ephippius sp. nov. but is readily differentiated by the yellow legs (Figs 4 D, 5 D) and the reticulate dorsal surface of the propodeum (Figs 14 D, 15 D) in the former and dark / brown legs (Figs 4 C, 5 C) and polished dorsal surface of the propodeum (Figs 14 C, 15 C) in the latter.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: China, Hong Kong • ♀; Mang Kung Wo; 22 ° 22 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 12 " E; 60 m a. s. l.; 23 Mar. - 06 Apr. 2018; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M 405 CHy 4; CAS. Paratypes: China, Hong Kong • 1 ♀; ibid.; 11 - 25 Apr. 2020; ibid; ref.: M 483 CHy 2; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 25 Apr. 2020 - 09 May 2020; ibid; ref.: M 485 CHy 5 • 2 ♀ 4 ♂; ibid.; 09 Mar. 2020; same collector; hand net, refs: 0708 AHy 1, 0708 AHy 2 A, 2 B and 2 C; CAS and CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 10 Mar. 2020; ibid.; ref.: 0709 AHy 1; CBC • 1 ♀ 1 ♂; ibid.; 13 Mar. 2020; ibid ..; refs: 0710 AHy 1 and 0710 AHy 2; CBC.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C.taxon	description	Description. Male: Antenna with tyloids on F 1 to F 11. Ventral margin of clypeus with two rounded teeth separated by a rounded emargination (Fig. 21 D), remainder of the ventral margin straight for half of width, terminated on last third with a rounded lobe intersecting eye margin; dorsal margin concave on the central third of transverse width of clypeus, remainder reaching ventral margin along a shallow convex line. Subantennal carina well developed nearly reaching toruli (Fig. 7 D); interantennal carina dorsally moderately broadened and slightly excavated on its basal part only (Fig. 9 D). Mesosoma with very small largely interspaced punctures bearing numerous long and fine appressed setae; mesoscutum with the same texture (Fig. 11 D); prescutal sutures extending beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 D), mesopleural suture simple; propodeal enclosure well defined with large fovea (Fig. 15 D). Propodeum laterally and posteriorly weakly reticulate with long appressed setae, dorsal half polished with very small and largely interspaced punctures (Fig. 15 D). Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 low (Fig. 5 D). Hind tibia without denticles dorsobasally (Fig. 19 G). Pygidial plate simple (Fig. 17 D). Fore wing (Fig. 19 H) with first recurrent vein more or less interstitial with first and second submarginal cells, second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell at about 1 / 5 (0.18 x) of cell length from base. Head entirely black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 D, 9 D); antenna with scape mostly yellow, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum of a lighter brown, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum dark brown; mandible black on the apical third, the remainder yellow. Mesosoma entirely black (Fig. 7 D) but pronotal lobe and tegulae dark yellow / red. Trochanter, femurs, tibiae and tarsus yellow / orange, coxae black. Petiole black, remainder of metasoma mostly reddish but T 2 - T 5 and S 3 - S 7 with large dark brown / black areas (Fig. 7 D). Female: Ventral margin of clypeus with two relatively sharp teeth separated by a sub-triangular emargination (Fig. 20 D), remainder of the ventral margin straight for half of width, terminated on last third with a blunt lobe intersecting eye margin; dorsal margin flattened for central third of transverse width of clypeus, remainder reaching ventral margin along a shallow convex line. Subantennal carina absent (Fig. 6 D); interantennal carina dorsally broadened and deeply excavated (Fig. 8 D); Mesosoma with very small largely interspaced punctures bearing numerous long and fine appressed setae; mesoscutum with the same texture (Fig. 11 D); prescutal sutures short, not extending beyond anterior level of tegula (Fig. 10 D) episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 D), mesopleural suture simple; propodeal enclosure well defined with large fovea (Fig. 15 D). Propodeum laterally and posteriorly weakly reticulate with long appressed setae, dorsal half polished with very small and largely interspaced punctures (Fig. 15 D). Hind tibia with a cluster of 7 - 9 short brown denticles dorsobasally, but no spines (Fig. 18 G). Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 low (Fig. 5 D). Pygidial plate with faint ventrolateral carinae extended basally (Fig. 16 D). Fore wing (Fig. 18 H) with second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell at about 1 / 5 (0.22 x) of cell length from base.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Specific name derived from the prominent hump [= Psenulus gibbus in Latin] formed by the interantennal ridge, extending below the antennal sockets and ending at middle of toruli.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31.taxon	description	Figs 4 E- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 E, 18 I, J, 19 I, J, 20 E, 21 E	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China, Hong Kong • 1 ♂; Tung Chung; 22 ° 16 ' 55 " N, 113 ° 55 ' 43 " E; 29 May- 12 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKU • 1 ♂; Pak Sha O; 22 ° 26 ' 59 " N, 114 ° 19 ' 04 " E; 70 m a. s. l.; 14 May- 05 Jun. 2011; C. Barthelemy; Malaise trap, ref.: M 092 CHy 19; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 23 May 2020 - 06 Jun. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M 492. C. Hy. 1; CBC • 1 ♂; Mang Kung Wo; 22 ° 22 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 12 " E; 60 m a. s. l.; 18 Aug. - 01 Sep. 2018; ibid.; ref.: M 362 CHy 8; CBC • 1 ♂; ibid.; 04 - 18 May 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 413 CHy 5; CBC • 2 ♀; ibid.; 17 - 31 Mar. 2018; ibid.; ref.: M 336 CHy 7 A and B; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 28 Apr. - 12 May 2018; ibid.; ref.: M 345 CHy 2; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 4 - 18 Aug. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 359 CHy 7; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 01 - 15 Sep. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 365 CHy 7; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 9 - 23 May. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M 489 CHy 2; CBC • 1 ♂; ibid.; 17 Aug. 2020 - 01 Sep. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M 509 CHy 2; CBC.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31.taxon	description	Description. Male: Antenna with small tyloids present on F 7 to F 11. Clypeus (Fig. 21 E) with two acute ventral teeth separated by rounded emargination, remainder of clypeal margin evenly rounded. Subantennal carina well developed (Fig. 7 E); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally, Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter (Fig. 11 E), remainder of mesosoma more sparsely punctate; prescutal sutures short, ending about anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 E); propodeal enclosure with few pairs of longitudinal carinae; remainder of propodeum coarsely reticulate (Fig. 15 E) except narrowly smooth anterolaterally. Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 distinctly swollen (Fig. 5 E). Fore wing (Fig. 19 J) with first recurrent vein joining first submarginal cell near apex; second recurrent vein joining third submarginal cell near base. Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 E, 9 E); antenna with most of scape, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum basally yellow, dorsoapical spot on scape, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma mostly black, the following yellow (Figs 5 E, 11 E, 13 E): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe; mesoscutum with two longitudinal submedian stripes inside prescutal sutures, broadening posteriorly, ending prior to posterior margin of mesoscutum, often narrowed or absent in anterior half of mesoscutum, long posterolateral spot also present on mesoscutum; tegula; large spot on axilla; broad anteromedian spot on scutellum, as well as narrow stripe along posterior margin laterally behind wing insertion; metanotum; mesopleuron with two spots dorsally anterior and posterior to oblique mesopleural suture; propodeum with paired spots posteriodorsally and laterally. Legs mostly yellow, coxae black basally; fore and mid femora posteriorly brown; hind trochanter and dorsum of hind femur brown; hind tibia and tarsus reddish. S 1 yellow at very base of petiole, otherwise blackish; T 1 dark brown mediobasally; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish except apex of metasoma dark brown. Female: Clypeus with marginal teeth larger than in male (Fig. 20 E). Subantennal carina well developed (Fig. 7 E); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally, Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter (Fig. 11 E), remainder of mesosoma more sparsely punctate; prescutal sutures short, ending about anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13 E), propodeal enclosure with few pairs of longitudinal carinae. Propodeum mostly smooth (Fig. 14 E), coarse reticulations restricted to marginal ridge along transition between posterior and lateral surfaces. Hind tibia with dorsobasal array of short denticles associated with elongate red spines basad to distinct dorsal groove (Fig. 18 I), and transverse row of short red spines antero-apically. Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 distinctly swollen (Fig. 5 E). Pygidial plate narrow, delineated by distinct carinae that diverge anteriorly (Fig. 16 E). Fore wing (Fig. 19 J) with first recurrent vein joining first submarginal cell near apex; second recurrent vein joining third submarginal cell near base. Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7 E, 9 E); antenna with most of scape, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum basally yellow, dorsoapical spot on scape, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma mostly black, the following yellow (Figs 5 E, 11 E, 13 E): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe; mesoscutum with two longitudinal submedian stripes inside prescutal sutures, broadening posteriorly, ending prior to posterior margin of mesoscutum, often narrowed or absent in anterior half of mesoscutum, long posterolateral spot also present on mesoscutum; tegula; large spot on axilla; broad anteromedian spot on scutellum, as well as narrow stripe along posterior margin laterally behind wing insertion; metanotum; mesopleuron with two spots dorsally anterior and posterior to oblique mesopleural suture; propodeum with paired spots posteriodorsally and laterally, larger than in male, may be merged into single posterior patch. Legs mostly yellow, coxae black basally; fore and mid femora posteriorly brown; hind trochanter and dorsum of hind femur brown; hind tibia and tarsus reddish. S 1 yellow at very base of petiole, otherwise blackish; T 1 dark brown mediobasally; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish except apex of metasoma dark brown.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31.taxon	distribution	Distribution. * China (Hong Kong); Malaysia (Penang), Singapore. (van Lith 1962, 1976).	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
9B4A0F277C365520BF13E864049E45B0.taxon	description	Figs 4 F- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 F, 18 K, L, 19 K, L, 20 F, 21 F, 22 A-D	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
9B4A0F277C365520BF13E864049E45B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Psenulus pallens sp. nov. is readily distinguishable from most other species of its genus by its remarkably light coloration with black patches restricted as described below (Figs 4 F, 5 F, 22 A- 22 D). From other similarly light-coloured species, it differs from P. lamprus van Lith, 1972 of Sulawesi by its less reticulated propodeum with polished area dorsally (Figs 14 F, 15 F); in the female of the latter (the male is unknown), the back and most of the sides of the propodeum are densely and coarsely reticulate. The female of P. pallens also differs from P. lamprus in its cluster of denticles on the apex of hind tibia (Fig. 18 K) as opposed to three reddish spines in the latter. It shows also considerable difference in the shape of the ventral clypeal margin (Figs 20 F, 21 F) with that of similarly coloured P. lamprus and P. interstitialis, the latter two with small teeth, reduced to denticles and no emargination in-between. Psenulus impressus van Lith, 1976 of Luzon has the episternal sulcus foveolate. Psenulus singularis van Lith, 1962 also from Luzon has a distinctly shaped clypeus with the median section of the ventral margin bluntly protruding.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
9B4A0F277C365520BF13E864049E45B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: China, Hong Kong • ♀; Mang Kung Wo; 22 ° 22 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 12 " E; 60 m a. s. l.; 18 May- 01 Jun. 2019; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M 416 CHy 1 A; CAS. Paratypes: China, Hong Kong • 2 ♀; Sam A Tsuen; 22 ° 30 ' 55 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 16 " E; 11 - 27 Dec. 2017; C. Taylor and U. Chang leg.; Malaise trap; HKU • 1 ♀; Sam A Chung; 22 ° 30 ' 33 " N, 114 ° 16 ' 20 " E; 17 - 30 May 2018; ibid; HKU • 1 ♀; Mang Kung Wo; 22 ° 22 ' 06 " N, 114 ° 15 ' 12 " E; 60 m a. s. l.; 18 May- 01 Jun. 2019; C. Barthelemy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M 416 CHy 1 B • 1 ♀; ibid; 29 Jun. - 13 Jul. 2019; ibid; ref.: M 423 CHy 1; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid; 05 - 19 Oct. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 443 CHy 1; CAS • 1 ♀; ibid.; 19 Oct. - 03 Nov. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 447 CHy 3; CAS • 1 ♀; ibid.; 03 - 16 Nov. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 449 CHy 1; CAS • 1 ♀; ibid.; 16 - 30 Nov. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 453 CHy 1; CBC • 2 ♀; ibid.; 14 - 28 March 2020; ibid.; refs: M 477 CHy 1 A and 1 B; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 11 - 25 Apr. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M 483 CHy 1; CBC • 1 ♂; Pak Sha O; 22 ° 26 ' 59 " N, 114 ° 19 ' 04 " E; 70 m a. s. l.; 15 - 29 Sep. 2018; ibid.; ref.: M 368 CHy 1; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid; 24 Aug. 07 - Sep. 2019; ibid; ref.: M 434 CHy 5; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 21 Sep. - 05 Oct. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M 440 CHy 4; CBC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 28 Mar. - 11 Apr. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M 480 CHy 1; CBC.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
9B4A0F277C365520BF13E864049E45B0.taxon	description	Description. Male: Antenna without tyloids. Clypeus (Fig. 21 F) with two well-developed ventral teeth separated by triangular emargination, remainder of clypeal margin straight. Subantennal carina well developed; interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally (Fig. 7 F). Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum lightly and minutely punctate (Fig. 11 F), punctures very sparse elsewhere on mesosoma; prescutal sutures short, extending shortly beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus simple (Fig. 13 F); propodeal enclosure with several pairs of longitudinal carinae; rear of propodeum (Fig. 15 F) dorsally smooth, ventrally and laterally coarsely reticulate with reticulations encroaching on posterior part of side of propodeum. Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 relatively low (Fig. 5 F). Fore wing (Fig. 19 L) with first recurrent vein more or less interstitial with first and second submarginal cells, second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell at about one-eighth of cell length from base. Head black with silvery appressed pubescence (Figs 7 F, 9 F); antenna with scape, pedicel and base of flagellum ventrally yellow, dorsum and terminal segments of flagellum black; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma and legs mostly yellow, hind legs reddish from trochanter to tarsus, the following black: three small spots on mesoscutum, along posterior margin of mesoscutum and scutellar groove; mesosternum, encroaching onto base of mesopleuron; propodeal enclosure posteriorly. Petiole basally yellow, becoming reddish apically; remainder of metasoma reddish. Female: Clypeus with small ventral teeth separated by shallow emargination (Fig. 20 F). Subantennal carina distinct but not protruding beyond pubescence (Fig. 6 F). Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum lightly and minutely punctate (Fig. 11 F), punctures very sparse elsewhere on mesosoma; prescutal sutures short, extending shortly beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus simple (Fig. 13 F); mesopleural suture narrowly foveolate (Fig. 12 F); propodeal enclosure with several pairs of longitudinal carinae; propodeum (Fig. 14 F) polished and impunctate posteriorly and laterally, coarse reticulations restricted to marginal ridge along transition between posterior and lateral surfaces. Hind tibia with longitudinal cluster of dark denticles dorsobasally (Fig. 18 K). Petiole subcylindrical, T 1 relatively low (Fig. 5 F). Pygidial plate narrow, delineated by distinct posteriorly parallel carinae (Fig. 16 F). Fore wing (Fig. 19 L) with first recurrent vein more or less interstitial with first and second submarginal cells, second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell at about one-eighth of cell length from base. Head black with silvery appressed pubescence (Figs 7 F, 9 F); antenna with scape, pedicel and base of flagellum ventrally yellow, dorsum and terminal segments of flagellum black; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma and legs mostly yellow, hind legs reddish from trochanter to tarsus, amount of black coloration on mesosoma varying from almost entirely absent with only black marks on scutellar groove and mesosternum (including base of mesopleuron) remaining to slightly more extensive than in male with black marks also present anteroventrally on epicnemium, on lower half of metapleuron, and over entire propodeal enclosure. Petiole basally yellow, becoming reddish apically; remainder of metasoma reddish.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
9B4A0F277C365520BF13E864049E45B0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin for ' pale', in reference to this species' distinctive coloration.	en	Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun, Guenard, Benoit (2020): Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 169-211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
