identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
ED8009D762547C3DE26FF2F89B72FAEB.text	ED8009D762547C3DE26FF2F89B72FAEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola anoplopalpa Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola anoplopalpa Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): USA, New Mexico, Catron County, Glenwood; Whitewater Picnic Area, 8 km east of Rt. 180, (33°22'22"N, 108°50'50"W), 12 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (0 ♀; 0 ♂):</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola anoplopalpa are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. boettgeri ,  T. dolichodactyla ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. lamellipalpis , and  T. rala ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  Torrenticola anoplopalpa can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/width ♂ = 4.16 in  T. anoplopalpa , 2.04-3.56 in others). Additionally,  T. anoplopalpa can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by femur/genu (♂ 1.94 in  T. anoplopalpa , 0.98-1.86 in others), except  T. keesdavidsi (1.84-1.96). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female unknown.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 20) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (640 long; 440 wide) ellipsoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (152.5 long; 60 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (205 long; 72.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 375). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.45; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.17; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.54; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.83; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.34.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (322.5 long (ventral); 235 long (dorsal); 77.5 tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (110 long; 32.5 wide). Chelicerae (275 long) with curved fangs (40 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 4.16; rostrum length/width 3.38. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35 long); femur (77.5 long); genu (40 long); tibia (47.5 long; 17.5 wide); tarsus (12.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.94; tibia/femur 0.61; tibia length/width 2.71.</p>
            <p>Venter - (775 long; 510 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (127.5 long; 70 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (70 long). Genital plates (160 long; 120 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (310 long (total); 180 long (medial)); Cx-3 (330 wide); anterior venter (270 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.82; anterior venter/genital field length 1.69; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.25; anterior venter/medial suture 3.86.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  anoplopalpa ) refers to the pedipalps, which lack tubercles on the femora and genua, an uncommon condition in  Torrenticola , which usually have tuberculate ventral extensions (anoplos, G. unarmed; palpus, L. hand, feeler). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southwest. New Mexico (probably also Arizona) (Figure 19).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola anoplopalpa and so this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine material preserved in GAW for morphology. The overall appearance, incomplete hind coxal margins, lack of coloration, and distribution, are consistent with placing this species in the Rala Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED8009D762547C3DE26FF2F89B72FAEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
F98FA07FC712BD0E83FAAC141E21D40E.text	F98FA07FC712BD0E83FAAC141E21D40E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola arktonyx Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola arktonyx Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): USA, North Carolina, Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (35°3'3"N, 83°31'31"W), 1 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900072</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): Georgia, USA: 1 ♀ from White County, Helen; beside Road to Anna Ruby Falls just north of Unicoi State Park, (34°44'44"N, 83°43'43"W), 24 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920051  • North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Big Creek downstream of the bridge at picnic area, (35°45'45"N, 83°6'6"W), 15 September 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090008A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside Mt. Sterling Rd. near bridge 1.7 km n. of road to Campground, (35°38'38"N, 83°4'4"W), 6 September 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090099  • 2 ♂ from Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (35°3'3"N, 83°31'31"W), 20 September 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910054  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (35°3'3"N, 83°31'31"W), 1 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900072  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Middle Prong of the Little River at Tremont, (35°38'38"N, 83°41'41"W), 16 September 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090009 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola arktonyx are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba , and  T. shubini ), Elongata Group (  T. elongata ,  T. gorti , and  T. reduncarostra ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ), and  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. bondi .  Torrenticola arktonyx can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola by having distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 22) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (645-680 (670) long; 480-520 (510) wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially, also with distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (137.5-145 (137.5) long; 65-70 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (200-207.5 (200) long; 80-90 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 335-375 (375)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.34 (1.31); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.36-1.43 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.07-2.23 (2.12); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.56 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.38-1.48 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (345-362.5 (355) long (ventral); 260-270 (265) long (dorsal); 117.5-120 (117.5) tall) with purple coloration. Rostrum (135-135 (135) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (335-350 (350) long) with curved fangs (45-55 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.88-3.09 (3.02); rostrum length/width 2.84-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps with dentate, flanged ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (41.25) long); femur (107.5-111.25 (111.25) long); genu (75-80 (77.5) long); tibia (92.5-95 (95) long; 25-27.5 (25) wide); tarsus (25-25 (25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.44 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.85-0.86 (0.85); tibia length/width 3.36-3.80 (3.80).</p>
            <p>Venter - (815-840 (815) long; 510-600 (600) wide) with purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (137.5-155 (137.5) long; 82.5-92.5 (92.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (50-60 (50) long). Genital plates (180-187.5 (180) long; 155-162.5 (155) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-310 (300) long (total); 150-165 (165) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-385 (385) wide); anterior venter (230-232.5 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-1.82 (1.49); anterior venter/genital field length 1.24-1.28 (1.28); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.42-1.48 (1.48); anterior venter/medial suture 3.83-4.60 (4.60).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 23) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500-570 (570) long; 400-450 (450) wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially, also with distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (110-125 (125) long; 55-62.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155-180 (180) long; 65-75 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 305-345 (345)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.35 (1.27); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.35 (1.30); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.18 (2.00); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.21-2.69 (2.40); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.41-1.59 (1.44).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-300 (300) long (ventral); 210-235 (235) long (dorsal); 92.5-102.5 (102.5) tall) with purple coloration. Rostrum (110-125 (125) long; 35-40 (40) wide). Chelicerae (270-305 (305) long) with curved fangs (40-45 (40) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.75-3.08 (2.93); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.20 (3.13). Pedipalps with dentate, flanged ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-37.5 (35) long); femur (85-97.5 (97.5) long); genu (60-68.75 (65) long); tibia (75-85 (85) long; 22.5-26.25 (25) wide); tarsus (21.25-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.42-1.50 (1.50); tibia/femur 0.81-0.91 (0.87); tibia length/width 3.10-3.40 (3.40).</p>
            <p>Venter - (650-725 (725) long; 430-490 (490) wide) with purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (125-135 (135) long; 65-72.5 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-90 (80) long). Genital plates (160-172.5 (172.5) long; 117.5-130 (130) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250-290 (290) long (total); 130-150 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (295-350 (350) wide); anterior venter (220-260 (260) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.85-2.08 (1.86); anterior venter/genital field length 1.38-1.55 (1.51); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.87-2.17 (2.00); anterior venter/medial suture 2.72-3.25 (3.25).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  arktonyx ) refers to the distinctive longitudinal markings on the anterior dorsal plate, which resemble claw marks from a bear (  árktos , G. bear;  ónyx , G. claw). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Appalachians (Figure 21).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola arktonyx and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were able to examine material preserved in GAW for morphology, but due its unique characteristics, we are unable to place this species into either a species complex or identification group. However, based upon coloration, distribution, and gnathosomal shape, we speculate that future analyses will place this species in the Raptor Complex. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F98FA07FC712BD0E83FAAC141E21D40E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
3FA5D85712680D2788437B6402D344D7.text	3FA5D85712680D2788437B6402D344D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola biscutella Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola biscutella Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Arkansas, Montgomery County, South Fork Ouachita River, access off County Road 17 at Forest Road 903, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110040, DNA 1263.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 3 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Montgomery County, Ouachita River (34°34'53.20"N, 93°53'0.16"W), 5 Oct 2007, by AJ Radwell, &amp; HW Robison, AJR070300A  • 2 ♂ Montgomery County, Ouachita River (34°34'53.20"N, 93°53'0.16"W), 5 Oct 2007, by AJ Radwell, &amp; HW Robison, AJR070300A  • 3 ♀ from Montgomery County, South Fork Ouachita River, access off County Road 17 at Forest Road 903, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110040  • Missouri, USA: 1 ♀ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, Red Bluff campground, off Road V east of Davisville, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola biscutella are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. feminellai ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. microbiscutella ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata , and  T. whitneyae ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. indistincta and  T. ululata ), and being distributed in the east. It is one of only four Eastern 2-Plates that have dark, bold, bluish-purple coloration (also  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum , and  T. tysoni ).  Torrenticola biscutella can be differentiated from  T. caerulea ,  T. ululata ,  T. indistincta , and  T. feminellai by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. biscutella can be differentiated from  T. tysoni by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.55-2.83 in  T. biscutella , 3.06-3.50 in  T. tysoni ). Female  T. biscutella can be differentiated from female  T. malarkeyorum by having a shorter subcapitulum (ventral length = 290-315 in  T. biscutella , 317.5-335 in  T. malarkeyorum ). Male  T. biscutella can be differentiated from male  T. malarkeyorum by having a slightly rounder dorsum (length/width 1.37-1.42 in  T. biscutella , 1.42-1.56 in  T. malarkeyorum ). Additionally, although  T. biscutella and  T. malarkeyorum have the same dorsal coloration and pattern, often the coloration is bold in  T. biscutella and faint in  T. malarkeyorum . Female  T. biscutella can be differentiated from female  T. delicatexa by having a shorter genital field (152.5-167.5 in  T. biscutella , 175-198 in  T. delicatexa ) and male  T. biscutella can be differentiated from male  T. delicatexa by having a slightly rounder dorsum (length/width = 1.37-1.42 in  T. biscutella , 1.44-1.56 in  T. delicatexa ). Female  T. biscutella can be differentiated from female  T. sellersorum by anterior venter/genital field length (0.82-0.88 in  T. biscutella , 0.69-0.77 in  T. sellersorum ). Male  T. biscutella can be differentiated from male  T. sellersorum by having slightly stockier anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.58-2.74 in  T. biscutella , 2.76-3.00 in  T. sellersorum ).  T. biscutella can be differentiated from  T. pendula by having a stockier gnathosomal bay (1.55-1.85 in  T. biscutella , 2.42-2.9 in  T. pendula ); more elongate tibiae (3.11-3.45 in  T. biscutella , 2.78-3.05 in  T. biscutella ); and by dorsal pattern.  T. biscutella can be differentiated from  T. microbiscutella by having a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.33-1.42 in  T. biscutella , 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella ) and by anterior venter/genital field width (♀ = 0.84-0.91 in  T. biscutella , 1.25-1.33 in  T. microbiscutella ; ♂ = 1.68-1.80 in  T. biscutella and 1.95-2.29 in  T. microbiscutella ).  T. biscutella can be differentiated from  T. whitneyae by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (3.11-3.45 in  T. biscutella , 2.42-2.95 in  T. whitneyae ) and by anterior venter/genital field length (♀ = 0.82-0.88 in  T. biscutella , 0.59-0.75 in  T. whitneyae ; ♂ = 1.55-1.76 in  T. biscutella and 1.37-1.43 in  T. whitneyae ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 25) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (560-630 (560) long; 420-455 (420) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and bold or faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-135 (122.5) long; 40-45 (40) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (140-170 (140) long; 62.5-75 (62.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300-330 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.38 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38-1.40 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 3.00-3.31 (3.06); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.24-2.48 (2.24); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.14-1.28 (1.14).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (290-315 (290) long (ventral); 207-240 (208) long (dorsal); 137.5-155 (137.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-125 (110) long; 42.5-47.5 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (286-335 (286) long) with curved fangs (55-70 (56) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.02-2.11 (2.11); rostrum length/width 2.56-2.67 (2.59). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (43.75-50 (43.75) long); femur (107.5-122.5 (107.5) long); genu (65-72.5 (65) long); tibia (80-86.25 (80) long; 23.75-25 (23.75) wide); tarsus (20-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.59-1.74 (1.65); tibia/femur 0.69-0.74 (0.74); tibia length/width 3.35-3.45 (3.37).</p>
            <p>Venter - (660-740 (660) long; 488-544 (489) wide) with faint bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (151.25-172.5 (151.25) long; 97.5-100 (100) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (152.5-167.5 (152.5) long; 142.5-160 (142.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (274-309 (275) long (total); 118-135 (121) long (medial)); Cx-3 (319-392 (319) wide); anterior venter (130-147.5 (130) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.55-1.73 (1.55); anterior venter/genital field length 0.82-0.88 (0.85); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.84-0.91 (0.91).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 26) (n = 3) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (430-445 (440) long; 310-315 (310) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and bold or faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5-97.5 (97.5) long; 33.75-36.25 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (122.5-130 (130) long; 45-50 (47.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 230-242.5 (230)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.37-1.42 (1.42); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.35 (1.35); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.69-2.89 (2.79); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.58-2.74 (2.74); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.26-1.33 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (230-235 (235) long (ventral); 175-177.5 (177) long (dorsal); 20-20 (20) tall) colorless. Rostrum (85-92.5 (92.5) long; 30-36.25 (36.25) wide). Chelicerae (225-241 (241) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (46) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.29-2.47 (2.29); rostrum length/width 2.55-2.83 (2.55). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (23.75-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (85-90 (90) long); genu (52.5-55 (55) long); tibia (68.75-72.5 (72.5) long; 21.25-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.62-1.64 (1.64); tibia/femur 0.81-0.82 (0.81); tibia length/width 3.11-3.24 (3.22).</p>
            <p>Venter - (510-525 (525) long; 335-380 (336) wide) with faint bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (115-122.5 (122.5) long; 65-67.5 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (60-65 (65) long). Genital plates (102.5-110 (102.5) long; 100-100 (100) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (215-226 (226) long (total); 99-110 (100) long (medial)); Cx-3 (252-275 (252) wide); anterior venter (167.5-180 (180) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.70-1.85 (1.81); anterior venter/genital field length 1.55-1.76 (1.76); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.68-1.80 (1.80); anterior venter/medial suture 2.68-2.83 (2.77).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  biscutella ) refers to the appearance of only two anterio-dorsal platelets due to the fusion of lateral platelets with the dorsal shield (bi-, L. two; scutella, L. little plate). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Interior Highlands (both Ozarks and Ouachitas), likely endemic (Figure 24).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola biscutella groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens of this species were less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. biscutella groups with two other morphologically similar species:  T. malarkeyorum and  T. caerulea . These three species are 3-5% different from each other in COI sequence. The three of these species are morphologically similar to the more distantly-related  T. delicatexa . Of these four species, the range of  T. biscutella only overlaps with  T. malarkeyorum in the Ozark Mountains and these species are easily differentiated by color.  T. biscutella is the only one of these four species known from the Ouachita Mountains, and it is not known from east of the Mississippi River, where the other three species are distributed (only  T. malarkeyorum is known from west of the Mississippi River). </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, dorso-lateral platelet fusion, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by morphological characters outlined in the diagnoses.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FA5D85712680D2788437B6402D344D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
D4803272947FB50C0C695F65BBFD724D.text	D4803272947FB50C0C695F65BBFD724D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola bittikoferae Crowell 1960	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola bittikoferae Crowell, 1960</p>
            <p> T. bittikoferae : Crowell 1960: 36; 1961: 330  • Johnston 1965: 44  • Modlin and Gannon 1973: 219, 221  • Viets 1987: 756. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (0 ♀; 2 ♂): Ohio, USA: 2 ♂ from Ottawa County, Middle Bass Island, rubble beach, 29 June 1954, by R Crowell.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and some paratypes (unspecified number) deposited in the Chicago Natural History Museum (unexamined; types not located); other paratypes (2 ♂) deposited in the OSUAC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola bittikoferae are similar to other members of the Tricolor Group (  T. cardia ,  T. dimorpha ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. kringi ,  T. larvata ,  T. mohawk ,  T. olliei ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata , and  T. unimaculata ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  Torrenticola bittikoferae can be differentiated from most other Tricolor Complex (except  T. hoosieri ,  T. pearsoni , and  T. dimorpha ) by being colorless, whereas most other members have bold patterning.  T. bittikoferae can be differentiated from  T. hoosieri by having ventral extensions on the pedipalp femora and genua (lacking in  T. hoosieri ) and having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 2.7-2.8 in  T. bittikoferae , 3.6-4.4 in  T. hoosieri ).  T. bittikoferae can be differentiated from  T. pearsoni by having Dgl-4 further from the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.6-1.7 in  T. bittikoferae , 1.2-1.3 in  T. pearsoni ); stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 2.7-2.8 in  T. bittikoferae , 3.0-3.3 in  T. pearsoni ); and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 1.8-1.9 in  T. bittikoferae , 2.0-2.4 in  T. pearsoni ).  Torrenticola bittikoferae can be differentiated from  T. dimorpha by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. dimorpha has a dorsal plate medial extension covering nearly half the length of the anterio-medial platelets) and by males having unmodified pedipalps (male  T. dimorpha have large, highly modified pedipalps which are expanded vertically and laterally). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 28) (n = 2) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (620-670 long; 500-530 wide) circular and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (132.5-137.5 long; 70-70 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (192.5-202.5 long; 90-92.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 305-330). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.24-1.26; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.61-1.64; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.89-1.96; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.14-2.19; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.53.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265 long (ventral); 202.5 long (dorsal); 125 tall) colorless. Rostrum (95-100 long; 52.5-52.5 wide). Chelicerae (260 long) with curved fangs (50 long) short and conical. Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.12; rostrum length/width 1.81-1.90. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tip on femora and tuberculate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-42.5 long); femur (101.25-107.5 long); genu (72.5-75 long); tibia (87.5-90 long; 32.5-32.5 wide); tarsus (25-35 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.40-1.43; tibia/femur 0.81-0.89; tibia length/width 2.69-2.77.</p>
            <p>Venter - (790-800 long; 610-680 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-125 long; 87.5-100 wide). Medial suture (102.5-117.5 long). Genital plates (137.5-142.5 long; 115-115 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-280 long (total); 152.5-152.5 long (medial)); Cx-3 (405-410 wide); anterior venter (270-287.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.23-1.43; anterior venter/genital field length 1.96-2.02; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.35-2.50; anterior venter/medial suture 102.5-117.5.</p>
            <p>Female type specimens unavailable for present study.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Robert Crowell (1960) named the specific epithet (  bittikoferae ) after Lelia Bittikofer, his high school biology teacher. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from type locality: Lake Erie, Ohio (Figure 27).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh specimens of  Torrenticola bittikoferae and therefore this species was not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were able to examine paratypes of two males, neither of which were dissected during slide preparation, making precise examination difficult. These specimens were remounted, but proper dissection risked fully damaging the specimen and was therefore avoided. The images in Figure 28  A–B that appear to display a properly dissected specimen, were created by photographing each section (dorsum and venter) of the fully intact specimen and digitally editing the photographs so that the dorsum and venter could be easily compared with other species. </p>
            <p>The overall appearance, short conical rostrum, and distribution of this species allows us to places it within the Tricolor Complex and Tricolor Identification Group.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4803272947FB50C0C695F65BBFD724D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
8DFEBA068F1C2285E3B7B3D27257049B.text	8DFEBA068F1C2285E3B7B3D27257049B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola boettgeri K. O. Viets 1977	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola boettgeri K.O. Viets, 1977</p>
            <p> Torrenticola boettgeri K.O. Viets, 1977a: 89. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola esbelta Cramer, 1992: 22. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> (1 ♀; 4 ♂). New Mexico, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Glenwood; Whitewater Picnic Area 8 km east of Rt. 180, (33°22'22"N, 108°50'50"W), 12 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084  • 3 ♂ from Catron County, beside Rt. 15, 65 km north of Rt. 180, Silver City, (33°12'12"N, 108°13'13"W), 10 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), prep. no. 6381 SMF, Viets collection (not examined).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola boettgeri are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. anoplopalpa ,  T. dolichodactyla ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. lamellipalpis , and  T. rala ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  T. boettgeri can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a more elongate dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.74-1.82 in  T. boettgeri , 1.21-1.60 in others) and a stockier subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 1.96 in  T. boettgeri , 2.06-3.52 in others; ♂ = 2.04-2.07 in  T. boettgeri , 2.14-4.16 in others). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p> Female (Figure 30) (n = 3: one specimen examined from New Mexico; measurements from two additional specimens are included based upon those listed in Goldschmidt (2007) for K.O.  Viets’s (1977a) specimen from Guatemala and  Cramer’s (1992) specimen from Mexico) with characters of the genus with following specifications. Note: measurements below are from the above three combined sources; those in parentheses are from the Guatemalan holotype (Viets 1977a) as listed in Goldschmidt (2007). </p>
            <p>Dorsum - (668-800 (675) long; 367-440 (440) wide) ovoid, elongate, and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (103-135 (126) long; 38-52.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (179-200 (199) long; 47-70 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 370). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.53-1.82 (1.82); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.19; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.57-2.71; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.86-3.81; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.48-1.74 (1.58).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (245-280 (245) long (ventral); 185 long (dorsal); 142.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (70-87.5 (70) long; 40 wide). Chelicerae with curved fangs (65 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.96; rostrum length/width 2.19. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5 long); femur (76.25 long); genu (65 long); tibia (32.5 long; 17.5 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.17; tibia/femur 0.43; tibia length/width 1.86.</p>
            <p>Venter - (668-955 (845) long; 452-570 (500) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (164-200 (164) long; 45-50 (47) wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (65-73 (73) long). Genital plates (170-188 (170) long; 148-160 (148) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (340 long (total); 133-135 (133) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350 wide); anterior venter (212.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 3.49-4.44 (3.49); anterior venter/genital field length 1.15; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.33; anterior venter/medial suture 3.27.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 31) (n = 4: new specimens from New Mexico)</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (710-780 long; 400-430 wide) ovoid, elongate, and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-140 long; 45-50 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-192.5 long; 55-62.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 335-365). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.74-1.81; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.16-1.19; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.68-2.95; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.96-3.27 (3.08); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.25-1.47.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (255-285 long (ventral); 165-187.5 long (dorsal); 125-137.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (80-92.5 long; 35-40 wide). Chelicerae (285-310 long) with curved fangs (62.5-65 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.04-2.07; rostrum length/width 2.13-2.36. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-31.25 long); femur (58.75-72.5 long); genu (60-62.5 long); tibia (32.5-37.5 long; 17.5-17.5 wide); tarsus (15-15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 0.98-1.16; tibia/femur 0.48-0.55; tibia length/width 1.86-2.14.</p>
            <p>Venter - (800-960 long; 485-510 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (192.5-205 long; 40-50 wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (105-125 long). Genital plates (160-177.5 long; 120-125 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (305-330 long (total); 115-130 long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-325 wide); anterior venter (235-262.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 3.85-5.00; anterior venter/genital field length 1.38-1.59; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.96-2.13; anterior venter/medial suture 2.00-2.24.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Viets (1977a) named the specific epithet (  boettgeri ) in honor of Klaus  Böttger of the University of Kiel, Germany, who collected the type specimen in Rio Chilax near  Cobán , Guatemala. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>New Mexico (probably also Arizona) and extending southward into Mexico and Guatemala (Figure 29).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola boettgeri and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were also unable to examine types, but were able to examine new material from New Mexico. The overall appearance, incomplete hind coxal margins, distribution, and lack of coloration are consistent with placing this species in the Rala Identification Group. </p>
            <p> Viets (1977a) described  T. boettgeri from a single female collected in Guatemala. Cramer (1992) described  T. esbelta from three females collected in one stream (  Peña Blanca) in San Francisco Oxtotilpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. Cramer (1992) differentiated  T. esbelta from  T. boettgeri by pedipalpal tibia length: 36  µm in  T. esbelta ; 26-27  µm (right, left, respectively). Given our experience with the variability of tibial length across species, which often range well over 10  µm , and especially considering the very few number of specimens examined, we do not consider slight variations in pedipalp tibial length to be good evidence for separate species. Furthermore, our material from New Mexico includes specimens with tibiae in between the previously recorded specimens (32.5  µm in our single female specimen; 32.5-37.7  µm in males). Therefore, we consider  T. esbelta as a junior synonym of  T. boettgeri . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DFEBA068F1C2285E3B7B3D27257049B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
FF73350BBA9140CDF4D1F89BAFB217B6.text	FF73350BBA9140CDF4D1F89BAFB217B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola bondi Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola bondi Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, North Carolina, Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Cataloochee (35°37'31"N, 83°6'46"W), 20 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100148, DNA 1431.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): North Carolina, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside road to Nellie 0.2 km west of Pretty Hollow Gap Trailhead, (35°37'37"N, 83°6'6"W), 16 June 2006, by IM Smith, IMS060012  • 1 ♀ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside road to Nellie 0.2 km west of Pretty Hollow Gap Trailhead, (35°37'37"N, 83°6'6"W), 16 June 2006, by IM Smith, IMS060012  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside road to Nellie 0.8 km west of Pretty Hollow Gap Trailhead, (35°38'38"N, 83°4'4"W), 20 June 2006, by IM Smith, IMS060022  • 1 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside road to Nellie 0.4 km west of Pretty Hollow Gap Trailhead, (35°37'37"N, 83°6'6"W), 3 October 2007, by IM Smith, IMS0701002  • ♀ and 2 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Waterville; Big Creek Picnic Area, (35°45'45"N, 83°6'6"W), 26 September 2007, by IM Smith, IMS070089 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola bondi are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba , and  T. shubini ), Elongata Group (  T. elongata ,  T. gorti , and  T. reduncarostra ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ), and  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. arktonyx . They can be differentiated from  Rusetria 4-Plates and  T. skvarlai by having distinct hind coxal margins.  T. bondi can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni by having a straight, anteriorly-directed rostrum (upturned in others).  T. bondi can be differentiated from  T. arktonyx by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. arktonyx has distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly).  T. bondi can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa and  T. irapalpa by having a more ovoid dorsum (dorsum length/width ♀ = 1.35-1.41 in  T. bondi , 1.17-1.28 in others; ♂ = 1.32-1.45 in  T. bondi , 1.20-1.30 in others) and shorter pedipalpal tibiae (♀ = 90-98 in  T. bondi , 100-125 in others, ♂ = 77-83 in  T. bondi , 87-110 in others).  T. bondi can be differentiated from the Elongata Group by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.35-1.41 in  T. bondi , 1.45-2.08 in Elongata Group; ♂ = 1.32-1.45 in  T. bondi , 1.51-1.70 in Elongata Group) and having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.76-3.13 in  T. bondi , 3.24-4.00 in Elongata Group).  T. bondi can be differentiated from the Neoanomala Group by having a shorter medial suture (♀ = 10-15 in  T. bondi , 22-40 in Neoanomala Group; ♂ = 55-70 in  T. bondi , 75-108 in Neoanomala Group) and anterior venter/genital field width (♀ = 1.15-1.25 in  T. bondi , 1.31-1.45 in Neoanomala Group; ♂ = 1.95-2.05 in  T. bondi , 2.09-2.66 in Neoanomala Group). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 33) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (620-670 (620) long; 440-490 (440) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (132.5-147.5 (132.5) long; 55-62.5 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (192.5-200 (192.5) long; 67.5-77.5 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 270-290 (270)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.41 (1.41); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.63-1.72 (1.63); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.20-2.52 (2.41); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.58-2.85 (2.85); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.34-1.41 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (355-380 (355) long (ventral); 255-295 (255) long (dorsal); 135-150 (135) tall) faint bluish purple coloration. Rostrum (145-155 (145) long; 50-55 (52.5) wide). Chelicerae (354-385 (354) long) with curved fangs 52-75 (52) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.50-2.63 (2.63); rostrum length/width 2.76-3.00 (2.76). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter 47.5-52.5 (47.5) long); femur (120-140 (120) long); genu (67.5-77.5 (67.5) long); tibia (90-97.5 (92.5) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.74-1.83 (1.78); tibia/femur 0.67-0.77 (0.77); tibia length/width 3.90-4.11 (4.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (760-840 (760) long; 509-580 (509) wide) with faint bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (170-190 (170) long; 90-102.5 (102.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-15 (10) long). Genital plates (175-180 (175) long; 150-160 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (306-330 (306) long (total); 108-155 (108) long (medial)); Cx-3 (365-410 (382) wide); anterior venter (177.5-187.5 (187.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.66-2.11 (1.66); anterior venter/genital field length 0.99-1.07 (1.07); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.15-1.25 (1.25); anterior venter/medial suture 12-18.75 (18.75).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 34) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (515-550 (550) long; 380-410 (380) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-122.5 (122.5) long; 47.5-57.5 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-190 (180) long; 55-67.5 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 235-260 (250)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.32-1.45 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.48-1.62 (1.52); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.13-2.47 (2.13); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.65-3.17 (2.67); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.44-1.57 (1.47).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (295-305 (305) long (ventral); 220-230 (225) long (dorsal); 107.5-112.5 (112.5) tall) faint bluish purple coloration. Rostrum (120-125 (125) long; 40-40 (40) wide). Chelicerae (285-295 (290) long) with curved fangs 50-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.68-2.79 (2.71); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.13 (3.13). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter 40-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (102.5-107.5 (105) long); genu (60-62.5 (60) long); tibia (77.5-82.5 (77.5) long; 21.25-23.75 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68-1.75 (1.75); tibia/femur 0.74-0.80 (0.74); tibia length/width 3.44-3.88 (3.44).</p>
            <p>Venter - (660-670 (665) long; 420-490 (460) wide) with faint bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (140-150 (142.5) long; 75-90 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (55-70 (60) long). Genital plates (132.5-142.5 (140) long; 107.5-112.5 (110) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-290 (285) long (total); 125-140 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (310-340 (335) wide); anterior venter (215-220 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.61-1.93 (1.78); anterior venter/genital field length 1.54-1.66 (1.57); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.95-2.05 (2.00); anterior venter/medial suture 3.07-3.91 (3.67).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  bondi ) named in honor of arachnologist Jason Bond, for his research on species delimitation and integrative taxonomy, which has been an inspiration to JRF, and for his thoughtful career advice, which was greatly appreciated. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Haywood County, North Carolina (Figure 32).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola bondi groups with other members of the Raptor Complex in all analyses with high support. Only one specimen could be acquired for use in our analyses, so differences in COI sequence across specimens could not be investigated, but this single specimen was greater than 5% different in COI sequence from sister species. In all analyses,  T. bondi grouped with members of the Elongata Identification Group (  T. elongata and  T. gorti ). However, the position of this clade varied with analysis. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%) and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF73350BBA9140CDF4D1F89BAFB217B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
B175A1CEB0AE884A79EBB2745545037E.text	B175A1CEB0AE884A79EBB2745545037E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola caerulea Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola caerulea Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Tennessee, Wayne County, beside service road parallel to Natchez Trace Parkway (35°15'9"N, 87°37'53"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100160, DNA 1882.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 3 ♂): Tennessee, USA: 2 ♀ from Wayne County, beside Natchez Trace Parkway at Lower Glenrock Branch Picnic Area, (35°15'15"N, 87°37'37"W), 2 June 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920021  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Wayne County, Lower Glenrock Picnic Area off Natchez Trace Parkway, (35°15'15"N, 87°37'37"W), 5 October 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050119A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Wayne County, Lower Glenrock Picnic Area off Natchez Trace Parkway, (35°15'15"N, 87°37'37"W), 5 October 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050119A  • 2 ♀ from Wayne County, beside service road parallel to Natchez Trace Parkway (35°15'9"N, 87°37'53"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100160. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (3 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola caerulea are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. feminellai ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. microbiscutella ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata , and  T. whitneyae ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east.  T. caerulea can be differentiated from all other Eastern 2-Plates by having faint blue coloration.  T. caerulea can be differentiated from  T. ululata and  T. feminellai by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. caerulea can be differentiated from  T. tysoni by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.67-2.96 in  T. caerulea , 3.06-3.50 in  T. tysoni ).  T. caerulea can be differentiated from  T. pendula by having a more elongate gnathosomal bay (1.40-2.09 in  T. caerulea , 2.42-2.90 in  T. pendula ) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (3.11-3.83 in  T. caerulea , 2.78-3.05 in  T. pendula ).  T. caerulea can be differentiated from  T. microbiscutella by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.32-1.56 in  T. caerulea , 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella ).  T. caerulea can be differentiated from  T. whitneyae by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.11-3.83 in  T. caerulea , 2.42-2.95 in  T. whitneyae ) and by anterior venter/genital field width (♀ = 0.9-1.04 in  T. caerulea , 0.67-0.80 in  T. whitneyae ; ♂ = 1.71-1.83 in  T. caerulea , 1.5-1.54 in  T. whitneyae ). Female  T. caerulea can be differentiated from female  T. biscutella by having slightly more elongate pedipalpal tibae (length/width = 3.5-3.83 in  T. caerulea , 3.35-3.45 in  T. biscutella ). Male  T. caerulea can be differentiated from male  T. biscutella by anterior venter/medial suture (2.4-2.57 in  T. caerulea , 2.68-2.83 in  T. biscutella ). Female  T. caerulea can be differentiated from female  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. delicatexa , and  T. indistincta by having a thinner genital field (120-145 in  T. caerulea , 150-205 in others). Male  T. caerulea can be differentiated from male  T. indistincta by having a smaller dorsum (length = 405-460 in  T. caerulea , 480-645 in  T. indistincta ; width = 260-305 in  T. caerulea , 315-470 in  T. indistincta ). Body proportions of male  T. caerulea do not differ from male  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. sellersorum , and  T. delicatexa , but can be differentiated by dorsal coloration. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 36) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-600 (580) long; 400-440 (440) wide) ovoid with faint blue coloration anteriorly and posteriorly, broadly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-130 (128.75) long; 40-45 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-157.5 (145) long; 57.5-65 (62.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 275-320 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.32-1.48 (1.32); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.51 (1.38); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.78-3.25 (3.03); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.32-2.48 (2.32); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.12-1.21 (1.13).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-330 (320) long (ventral); 225-245 (240) long (dorsal); 137.5-156.25 (155) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-135 (125) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (310-330 (320) long) with curved fangs (62-70 (65) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.06-2.25 (2.06); rostrum length/width 2.67-2.84 (2.78). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-48.75 (48.75) long); femur (115-120 (120) long); genu (67.5-72.5 (72.5) long); tibia (85-87.5 (87.5) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.66-1.78 (1.66); tibia/femur 0.71-0.76 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.50-3.83 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Venter - (620-750 (660) long; 400-580 (660) wide) with faint blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (145-175 (145) long; 82.5-116.25 (95) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (155-165 (155) long; 140-145 (145) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (257.5-305 (257.5) long (total); 125-135 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (310-380 (380) wide); anterior venter (130-150 (137.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.40-1.94 (1.53); anterior venter/genital field length 0.82-0.97 (0.89); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.90-1.04 (0.95).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 36) (n = 3) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (405-460 (460) long; 260-305 (300) wide) ovoid with faint blue coloration anteriorly and posteriorly, broadly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (95-106.25 (106.25) long; 35-37.5 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (117.5-130 (125) long; 40-47.5 (45) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 190-240 (230)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.51-1.56 (1.53); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.37 (1.30); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.53-3.04 (3.04); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.74-2.94 (2.78); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.18-1.24 (1.18).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (220-242.5 (227.5) long (ventral); 165-185 (165) long (dorsal); 87.5-97.5 (97.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (88.75-92.5 (92.5) long; 30-35 (33.75) wide). Chelicerae (225-232.5 (227.5) long) with curved fangs (42.5-50 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.33-2.51 (2.33); rostrum length/width 2.64-2.96 (2.74). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (83.75-87.5 (87.5) long); genu (52.5-55 (55) long); tibia (67.5-70 (67.5) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (15-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.59-1.60 (1.59); tibia/femur 0.77-0.81 (0.77); tibia length/width 3.11-3.38 (3.38).</p>
            <p>Venter - (485-550 (550) long; 305-340 (330) wide) with faint blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (120-127.5 (125) long; 57.5-65 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (65-75 (75)). Genital plates (110-117.5 (117.5) long; 90-105 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (220-220 (220) long (total); 85-95 (95) long (medial)); Cx-3 (240-260 (260) wide); anterior venter (165-180 (180) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.96-2.09 (2.08); anterior venter/genital field length 1.50-1.57 (1.53); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.71-1.83 (1.76).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  caerulea ) refers to the overall and diagnostic bluish appearance of this species (caeruleus, L. sky-blue). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Known only from Wayne County, Tennessee (Figure 35).  T. caerulea has been collected so rarely that comments about distribution are speculative, but given our collection efforts, it is reasonable to speculate that this species is at least restricted to the southern Appalachians. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola caerulea groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens of this species were less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. caerulea groups with two other morphologically similar species:  T. biscutella and  T. malarkeyorum . These three species are 3-5% different from each other in COI sequence. The three of these species are morphologically similar to the more distantly-related  T. delicatexa , but  T. caerulea can be differentiated from all of these by color. The range of  T. caerulea overlaps with each of these except for  T. biscutella , which is not known from east of the Mississippi River. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B175A1CEB0AE884A79EBB2745545037E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
ACE7D255F725CEB1D7B76DEE5C70EC02.text	ACE7D255F725CEB1D7B76DEE5C70EC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola cardia Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola cardia Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, New York, Greene County, beside Rt. 23A, 9.6 km west of Rt. 296 (Hunter), (42°14'14"N, 74°19'19"W), 22 June 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900052</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (9 ♀; 8 ♂): New York, USA: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Cayuga County, beside Route 38A at Niles, (42°50'50"N, 76°25'25"W), 22 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900113A  • (allotype) 1 ♂ from Greene, beside Rt. 23A, 9.6 km west of Rt. 296 (Hunter), (42°14'14"N, 74°19'19"W), 22 June 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900052  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Greene County, beside Rt. 23A, 9.6 km west of Rt. 296 (Hunter), (42°14'14"N, 74°19'19"W), 22 June 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900052  • 1 ♀ from Schuyler County, beside Town Line Road off Route 228, 0.6 km south of Perry City, (42°29'29"N, 76°42'42"W), 21 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900112A  • Ohio, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hocking County, beside road near Ash Cave, (39°24'24"N, 82°33'33"W), 5 May 1993, by IM Smith, DR Cook, IMS930001A  • Virginia, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bath County, beside Rt. 687, 2.4 km south of Bacova, (38°2'2"N, 79°51'51"W), 15 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900097 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (5 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola cardia are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. dimorpha ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. kringi ,  T. larvata ,  T. mohawk ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata , and  T. unimaculata ,) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. cardia can be differentiated from most  Torrenticola , including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern.  T. cardia are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (  T. larvata ,  T. tricolor ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. kringi , and  T. mohawk ).  T. cardia can be differentiated from  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. kringi , and  T. mohawk by having a more ovoid dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.39-1.47 in  T. cardia , 1.15-1.35 in others; ♂ = 1.43-1.54 in  T. cardia , 1.19-1.39 in others).  T. cardia can be differentiated from  T. unimaculata by dorsal pattern. Female  T. cardia can be differentiated from female  T. larvata by having a shorter subcapitulum (♀ = 265-273 in  T. cardia , 275-288 in  T. larvata ) and a larger genital field (length ♀ = 190-198 in  T. cardia , 182-188 in  T. larvata ; width ♀ = 160-175 in  T. cardia , 145-153 in  T. larvata ). Male  T. cardia can be differentiated from male  T. larvata by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♂ = 2.82-3.05 in  T. cardia , 3.10-3.20 in  T. larvata ) and a larger dorsum (length ♂ = 625-670 in  T. cardia , 550-610 in  T. larvata ; width ♂ = 405-445 in  T. cardia , 350-400 in  T. larvata ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 39) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (710-785 (750) long; 510-555 (510) wide) ellipsoid with reddish-purple, bluish-purple or bright orange spot medially extending in a strip anteriorly often to the anterior-medial platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (130-140 (140) long; 70-75 (75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-207.5 (197.5) long; 70-80 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 390-410 (395)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.39-1.47 (1.47); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.35 (1.29); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.86-2.00 (1.87); anterio-lateral platelet length/width X=2.47-2.93 (2.47); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.39-1.50 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265-272.5 (272.5) long (ventral); 180-190 (190) long (dorsal); 125-132.5 (130) tall) with reddish-purple or bluish purple coloration. Rostrum (90-100 (100) long; 40-42.5 (40) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (250-265 (260) long) with curved fangs (60-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.04-2.12 (2.10); rostrum length/width 2.24-2.50 (2.50). Pedipalps with stocky, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (38.75-42.5 41.25) long); femur (97.5-107.5 (102.5) long); genu (65-70 (67.5) long); tibia (80-91.25 (80) long; 26.25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (22.5-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.50-1.56 (1.52); tibia/femur 0.78-0.87 (0.78); tibia length/width 2.91-3.32 (2.91).</p>
            <p>Venter - (830-925 (850) long; 565-600 (565) wide) with reddish-purple or bluish-purple coloration restricted to the edges of the gnathosomal bay, coxal plates, and genital plates. Gnathosomal bay (150-162.5 (155) long; 72.5-80 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-50 (50) long). Genital plates (190-197.5 (190) long; 160-175 (162.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-310 (290) long (total); 135-165 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (355-380 (355) wide); anterior venter (185-212.5 (205) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.94-2.17 (2.14); anterior venter/genital field length 0.94-1.09 (1.08); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.12-1.26 (1.26); anterior venter/medial suture 4.10-7.60 (4.10).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 40) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (625-670 (670) long; 405-445 (445) wide) ellipsoid with reddish-purple, bluish-purple or bright orange spot medially extending in a strip anteriorly often to the anterior-medial platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (120-130 (125) long; 65-72.5 (70) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-197.5 (197.5) long; 75-80 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 325-380 (380)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.54 (1.51); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.17-1.28 (1.17); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.72-2.00 (1.79); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.25-2.63 (2.63); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.58 (1.58).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (227.5-250 (250) long (ventral); 165-180 (170) long (dorsal); 90-112.5 (110) tall) with reddish-purple or bluish purple coloration. Rostrum (77.5-92.5 (90) long; 32.5-37.5 (37.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (212.5-230 (225) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.17-2.56 (2.27); rostrum length/width 2.27-2.47 (2.40). Pedipalps with stocky, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (36.25-38.75 (36.25) long); femur (87.5-97.5 (92.5) long); genu (60-67.5 (62.5) long); tibia (73.75-82.5 (77.5) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.48 (1.48); tibia/femur 0.82-0.90 (0.84); tibia length/width 2.82-3.05 (2.82).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-780 (780) long; 460-495 (490) wide) with reddish-purple or bluish-purple coloration restricted to the edges of the gnathosomal bay, coxal plates, and genital plates. Gnathosomal bay (125-137.5 (135) long; 67.5-72.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (107.5-130 (125) long). Genital plates (150-175 (175) long; 97.5-115 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (265-280 (280) long (total); 140-150 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (325-355 (350) wide); anterior venter (265-290 (290) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.85-1.93 (1.93); anterior venter/genital field length 1.66-1.81 (1.66); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.52-2.77 (2.76); anterior venter/medial suture 2.21-2.51 (2.32).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  cardia ) refers to the dorsal coloration, which is either a heart-shaped or resembles a bleeding heart (  kardiá , G. heart). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 38).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola cardia and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, short conical rostrum that is downturned in the male, and distribution, are consistent with placing this species in the Tricolor Complex and Tricolor Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACE7D255F725CEB1D7B76DEE5C70EC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
E94C7E0838592BCF2EFE6F4D10A5B0E5.text	E94C7E0838592BCF2EFE6F4D10A5B0E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola copipalpa Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola copipalpa Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Oregon, Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001. </p>
            <p> PARATYPES (20 ♀; 26 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♀ from Alpine County, Markleeville Creek (38°41'39"N, 119°46'41"W), 30 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0830-001  • 1 ♀ from Del Norte County, Six Rivers National Forest, Middle Fork Smith River (41°51'20"N, 123°53'10"W), 15 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0815-002  • 5 ♂ from El Dorado County, El Dorado National Forest, Taylor Creek (38°55'59"N, 120°3'21"W), 27 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0827-003  • 1 ♀ from Mendocino County, Cottaneva Creek, beside Route 1, 21.8 kilometers southwest of Route 101, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870129A  • 2 ♂ from Trinity County, small cascading trickle beside Route 36, 5.2 kilometers west of Forest Glen Station, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870132  • 1 ♂ from Trinity County, South Fork of Trinity River, beside Route 36 at Forest Glen campground, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870131  • Oregon, USA: 2 ♂ from Coos County, Gaylord, Coquille Myrtle Grove State Park, Coquille River, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830014  • 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Coal Creek, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830015  • 2 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Daphne Grove campground, Coquille River, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830016  • 1 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Daphne Grove campground, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830017  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760162  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25-26 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760163  • 2 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, small spring run beside road from Humbug Mountain State Park to McGribble campground, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760161  • 3 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, Brush Creek, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830012  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, Brush Creek, 3 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830020A  • 2 ♀ from Curry County, Quosatana Creek (42°29'21"N, 124°14'2"W), 14 Aug 2013, JR Fisher, JRF 13-0814-003  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Rogue River National Forest, Elk River (42°42'46"N, 124°18'41"W), 13 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0813-003  • 4 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Curry County, Sixes, Sixes River, beside road at mouth of Edson Creek, 4 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001  • 4 ♀ from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (15 ♀; 20 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola copipalpa are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. manni ,  T. miniforma ,  T. oliveri ,  T. pacificensis ,  T. pinocchio , and  T. rockyensis ) in having short, stocky pedipalps (except  T. oliveri and  T. pinocchio ); similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except  T. oliveri ).  T. copipalpa are best differentiated from all other Miniforma group (except  T. pinocchio ) by having broad, flat pedipalp femoral tubercles (conical/tuberculate in all others).  T. copipalpa can be differentiated from  T. pinocchio by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.5-3.0 in  T. copipalpa , 4.5-4.9 in  T. pinocchio ) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.4-2.9 in  T. copipalpa , 3.1-3.5 in  T. pinocchio ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 42) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (555-605 (605) long; 380-420 (420) wide) ovoid and usually colorless, occasionally with faint purple coloration without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (115-127.5 (127.5) long; 47.5-57.5 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-180 (180) long; 53.75-62.5 (62.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-335 (335)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.39-1.47 (1.44); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.32 (1.25); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.13-2.42 (2.22); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.87-3.04 (2.88); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.46 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (312.5-337.5 (337.5) long (ventral); 228-257.5 (257.5) long (dorsal); 117.5-130 (125) tall) colorless. Rostrum (122.5-135 (130) long; 42.5-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (313-341 (340) long) with curved fangs (50-59 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.58-2.70 (2.70); rostrum length/width 2.72-2.94 (2.89). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with broad, dentate, and anteriorly-directed ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-35 (35) long); femur (90-100 (97.5) long); genu (62.5-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (52.5-58.75 (57.5) long; 20-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.44-1.51 (1.41); tibia/femur 0.55-0.61 (0.59); tibia length/width 2.59-2.71 (2.71).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-760 (760) long; 438-520 (520) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (136.25-152.5 (152.5) long; 75-82.5 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (40-45 (45) long). Genital plates (152.5-165 (165) long; 137.5-160 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (261-290 (290) long (total); 108-155 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (268-320 (320) wide); anterior venter (187.5-210 (210) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.65-1.97 (1.91); anterior venter/genital field length 1.19-1.28 (1.27); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.31-1.40 (1.31); anterior venter/medial suture 4.53-4.88 (4.67).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 43) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500-570 (520) long; 355-390 (360) wide) ovoid and usually colorless, occasionally with faint purple coloration without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (105-117.5 (105) long; 45-56.25 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155-167.5 (155) long; 50-60 (50) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 285-315 (290)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.39-1.54 (1.44); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.18-1.37 (1.24); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.09-2.37 (2.33); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.79-3.10 (3.10); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.32-1.48 (1.48).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (280-307.5 (295) long (ventral); 215-253 (220) long (dorsal); 105-115 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-120 (115) long; 40-46.25 (40) wide). Chelicerae (280-328 (295) long) with curved fangs (45-65 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.67-2.81 (2.81); rostrum length/width 2.54-2.88 (2.88). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with broad, dentate, and anteriorly-directed ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-32.5 (32.5) long); femur (82.5-92.5 (87.5) long); genu (57.5-65 (60) long); tibia (52.5-57.5 (52.5) long; 18.75-21.25 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.35-1.54 (1.46); tibia/femur 0.60-0.64 (0.60); tibia length/width 2.47-2.88 (2.47).</p>
            <p>Venter - (610-700 (670) long; 420-496 (440) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (110-140 (130) long; 67.5-75 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (77.5-97.5 (77.5) long). Genital plates (130-137.5 (130) long; 100-112.5 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (235-263 (245) long (total); 115-130 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (270-300 (280) wide); anterior venter (210-232.5 (217.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.63-1.87 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 1.62-1.77 (1.67); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.04-2.21 (2.07); anterior venter/medial suture 2.36-2.88 (2.81).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  copipalpa ) refers to the blade-like pedipalp femoral tubercles (copis, L. small knife; palpus, L. hand, feeler), which distinguish them from similar, co-occurring species. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Northern California and western Oregon (Figure 41).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola copipalpa groups with other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. copipalpa groups with three other morphologically similar species:  T. pacificensis ,  T. manni , and  T. rockyensis . These three species are greater than 4% different from each other. This species overlaps with  T. miniforma in California and with  T. pacificensis in west-central Oregon. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, the pedipalp genu extensions, and western distribution, we were able to place this species in the Miniforma Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E94C7E0838592BCF2EFE6F4D10A5B0E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
9C4F7DD6DD4CBF79B95D64B295346E81.text	9C4F7DD6DD4CBF79B95D64B295346E81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola daemon Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola daemon Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Alabama, Clay County, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 km northeast of road from Campbell Springs to Forest Route 600, (33°22'22"N, 85°52'52"W), 3 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 4 ♂): Alabama, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Clay County, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 km northeast of road from Campbell Springs to Forest Route 600, (33°22'22"N, 85°52'52"W), 3 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A  • 4 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Clay County, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 km northeast of road from Campbell Springs to Forest Route 600, (33°22'22"N, 85°52'52"W), 3 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola daemon are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. danielleae ,  T. elusiva ,  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. ivyae ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. racupalpa , and  T. raptor ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. daemon can be differentiated from all other Raptor Group by having Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.59-1.67 in  T. daemon , 1.80-3.29 in others; ♂ = 1.45-1.65 in  T. daemon , 1.66-2.73 in others), except  T. irapalpa (♀ = 1.81-2.09, ♂ = 1.58-1.86) and  T. danielleae (♀ = 1.57-1.70, ♂ = 1.42-1.52).  T. daemon can be differentiated from  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae , and  T. ivyae by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.91-3.31 in  T. daemon , 3.43-4.40 in others). Female  T. daemon can be differentiated from female  T. irapalpa by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.59-1.67 in  T. daemon , 1.81-2.09 in  T. irapalpa ) and a more elongate gnathosomal bay (length/width ♀ = 1.95-2.42 in  T. daemon , 1.35-1.86 in  T. irapalpa ). Additionally,  T. daemon can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa by dorsal coloration and pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 45) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-655 (640) long; 460-500 (490) wide) circular with faint reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, with bright reddish-purple coloration on the anterior-medial platelets, occasionally extending onto the dorsal plate. Anterio-medial platelets (127.5-147.5 (145) long; 57.5-67.5 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (182.5-210 (210) long; 72.5-82.5 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 285-300 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.26-1.34 (1.31); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.59-1.67 (1.63); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.04-2.28 (2.23); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.28-2.66 (2.55); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.51 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (370-395 (395) long (ventral); 285-300 (300) long (dorsal); 145-157.5 (157.5) tall) colorless, occasionally with faint reddish-purple coloration. Rostrum (155-165 (165) long; 50-55 (55) wide). Chelicerae (375-390 (390) long) with curved fangs (65-75 (75) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.39-2.57 (2.51); rostrum length/width 2.91-3.20 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50-52.5 (50) long); femur (137.5-146.25 (145) long); genu (75-80 (80) long); tibia (97.5-105 (105) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.81-1.90 (1.81); tibia/femur 0.67-0.72 (0.72); tibia length/width 4.05-4.33 (4.20).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-800 (800) long; 515-570 (545) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (182.5-200 (190) long; 80-97.5 (97.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-15 (15) long). Genital plates (160-175 (175) long; 145-150 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (310-345 (345) long (total); 125-155 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-375 (375) wide); anterior venter (155-185 (185) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.95-2.42 (1.95); anterior venter/genital field length 0.97-1.09 (1.06); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.07-1.23 (1.23); anterior venter/medial suture 10.33-17.50 (12.33).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 46) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (545-570 (570) long; 410-425 (425) wide) circular with faint reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (115-125 (122.5) long; 52.5-58.75 (58.75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-188.75 (188.75) long; 67.5-75 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-290 (275)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.31-1.34 (1.34); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.45-1.65 (1.55); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.09-2.22 (2.09); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.50-2.78 (2.52); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.63 (1.54).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-335 (335) long (ventral); 247.5-255 (255) long (dorsal); 120-122.5 (120) tall) colorless, occasionally with faint reddish-purple coloration. Rostrum (132.5-137.5 (137.5) long; 40-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (310-330 (330) long) with curved fangs (60-65 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.67-2.79 (2.79); rostrum length/width 3.06-3.31 (3.06). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-46.25 (45) long); femur (117.5-122.5 (120) long); genu (67.5-70 (67.5) long); tibia (90-92.5 (91.25) long; 21.25-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (20-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.74-1.78 (1.78); tibia/femur 0.76-0.77 (0.76); tibia length/width 4.00-4.35 (4.06).</p>
            <p>Venter - (655-705 (705) long; 460-470 (470) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (165-165 (165) long; 70-80 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (50-55 (55) long). Genital plates (145-155 (155) long; 115-120 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-315 (290) long (total); 130-150 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-340 (340) wide); anterior venter (210-225 (225) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.06-2.36 (2.20); anterior venter/genital field length 1.42-1.55 (1.45); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.75-1.91 (1.88); anterior venter/medial suture 4.00-4.20 (4.09).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  daemon ) refers to the diagnostic red coloration on the anterio-medial platelets, which resemble the red eyes of an evil demon (daemon, L. originally benevolent or benign nature spirits, but were characterized as dangerous or evil by the writings of Plato and later used in Christian literature, popularizing the idea of demons as evil; noun in apposition). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Alabama (Figure 44).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola daemon and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, elongate subcapitular rostra, elongate pedipalpal tibiae, and Dgl-4 close to the muscle scars, are consistent with placing this species in the Raptor Complex and Raptor Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4F7DD6DD4CBF79B95D64B295346E81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
FE4E93ED2087CDC24C91688A17EFA5AC.text	FE4E93ED2087CDC24C91688A17EFA5AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola danielleae Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola danielleae Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Georgia, Floyd County, The Pocket Campground beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, (34°35'35"N, 85°5'5"W), 2 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900073A.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): Georgia, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Chattooga County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow 1.8 km south of The Pocket Recreation Area, (34°34'34"N, 80°5'5"W), 4 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Floyd County, The Pocket Campground beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, (34°35'35"N, 85°5'5"W), 2 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900073A  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Floyd County, The Pocket Campground beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, (34°35'35"N, 85°5'5"W), 2 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900073A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola danielleae are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. daemon ,  T. elusiva ,  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. ivyae ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. racupalpa , and  T. raptor ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. danielleae can be differentiated from all other Raptor Group by having Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.57-1.70 in  T. danielleae , 1.80-3.29 in others; ♂ = 1.42-1.52 in  T. danielleae , 1.58-2.73 in others), except  T. daemon (♀ = 1.59-1.67 ♂ = 1.45-1.65).  T. danielleae can be differentiated from  T. daemon by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.43-3.75 in  T. danielleae , 2.91-3.31 in  T. daemon ) and dorsal pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 48) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (635-680 (635) long; 510-545 (510) wide) circular with reddish-purple coloration posteriorly extending in a strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate. Anterio-medial platelets (135-155 (147.5) long; 55-65 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-195 (180) long; 70-80 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-335 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.30 (1.25); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.57-1.7 (1.59); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.25-2.73 (2.36); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.25-2.79 (2.25); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.15-1.44 (1.22).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (340-370 (365) long (ventral); 260-280 (270) long (dorsal); 135-145 (145) tall) colorless. Rostrum (150-160 (155) long; 40-45 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (350-380 (380) long) with curved fangs (50-62.5 (62.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.52-2.65 (2.52); rostrum length/width 3.44-3.75 (3.65). Pedipalps with long, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-45 (42.5) long); femur (127.5-141.25 (137.5) long); genu (67.5-75 (75) long); tibia (92.5-107.5 (102.5) long; 20-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.77-1.89 (1.83); tibia/femur 0.73-0.76 (0.75); tibia length/width 4.63-5.00 (4.82).</p>
            <p>Venter - (780-835 (780) long; 560-610 (560) wide) with reddish-purple coloration, occasionally faint. Gnathosomal bay (170-185 (185) long; 75-85 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-27.5 (27.5) long). Genital plates (165-185 (185) long; 155-160 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-340 (315) long (total); 135-155 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (345-360 (355) wide); anterior venter (170-195 (185) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.31 (2.31); anterior venter/genital field length 1.00-1.12 (1.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.10-1.24 (1.16); anterior venter/medial suture 6.73-7.80 (6.73).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 49) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (490-530 (510) long; 370-385 (370) wide) circular with reddish-purple coloration posteriorly extending in a strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate. Anterio-medial platelets (115-125 (120) long; 45-52.5 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-175 (150) long; 57.5-65 (65) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 250-265 (260)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.27-1.39 (1.38); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.42-1.52 (1.42); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.29-2.72 (2.29); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.92 (2.31); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.25-1.43 (1.25).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-295 (290) long (ventral); 210-220 (215) long (dorsal); 100-105 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-125 (120) long; 35-35 (35) wide). Chelicerae (270-300 (280) long) with curved fangs (40-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.74-2.85 (2.76); rostrum length/width 3.43-3.57 (3.43). Pedipalps with long, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (33.75-37.5 (36.25) long); femur (100-110 (107.5) long); genu (60-62.5 (62.5) long); tibia (80-82.5 (82.5) long; 20-20 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.79 (1.72); tibia/femur 0.74-0.83 (0.77); tibia length/width 4.00-4.13 (4.13).</p>
            <p>Venter - (620-670 (650) long; 410-430 (420) wide) with reddish-purple coloration, occasionally faint. Gnathosomal bay (135-145 (142.5) long; 62.5-70 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (60-65 (60) long). Genital plates (132.5-145 (140) long; 102.5-107.5 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-280 (280) long (total); 125-135 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (290-310 (310) wide); anterior venter (205-220 (205) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.07-2.23 (2.11); anterior venter/genital field length 1.46-1.57 (1.46); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.91-2.05 (1.95); anterior venter/medial suture 3.15-3.52 (3.42).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  danielleae ) named in honor of Danielle Fisher-lab technician, environmental educator, colleague, friend, wife (of JRF), and mother of Ivy, our beautiful daughter-for her tireless and immense contributions to this research, and for bettering the lives of all those around her. Thank you, Danielle. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Appalachians, northeastern Georgia (Figure 47).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola danielleae and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, elongate subcapitular rostra, and elongate pedipalpal tibiae, are consistent with placing this species in the Raptor Complex and the Raptor Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE4E93ED2087CDC24C91688A17EFA5AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
F5BE8B8C021C7058E076E9FBE122648B.text	F5BE8B8C021C7058E076E9FBE122648B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola delicatexa Habeeb 1955	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola delicatexa Habeeb, 1955</p>
            <p> T. amplexa delicatexa : Habeeb 1955: 4; 1957: 1. </p>
            <p> T. delicatexa : Habeeb 1961: 2; 1967: 3  • Viets 1987: 759. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Type series. HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, New Jersey, Sussex County, Flatbrookeville, Flatbrook, 12 Oct 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530113.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ (ALLOTYPE) from Sussex County, Flatbrookeville, Flatbrook, 12 Oct 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530113.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (19 ♀; 7 ♂): North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Cataloochee River (35°38'45"N, 83°4'34"W), 6 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090099  • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Franklin County, Small Falls picnic area beside Route 4, Sandy River (44°52'N, 70°31'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890069  • New Hampshire, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Woodstock County, beside Route 118, Jackman Brook (44°0'N, 71°45'W), 11 Sep 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920036  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ from Fayette County, Dunbar Creek (39°57'50"N, 79°35'8.70"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-001  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Fayette County, Ohiopyle State Park, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005  • 2 ♀ from Somerset County, Laurel Hill State Park, Laurel Hill Creek (40°1'6"N, 79°14'4"W), 8 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0808-001  • Quebec, Canada: 1 ♀ from Stanstead County, 1 kilometer south of Rock Island, Tomifobia River, Tompkin Stream, (45°0'31"N, 72°7'6"W), 20 Aug 1996, by IM Smith &amp; M MacKenzie, IMS960056  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Abrams River (35°35'31"N, 83°51'21"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100141  • 1 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Little River (35°40'55"N, 83°39'6"W), 8 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090102  • 2 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong of Little Pigeon River (35°43'34"N, 83°24'2"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100127  • 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong of Little Pigeon River (35°43'34"N, 83°24'2"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100128  • 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail, spring (35°40'47"N, 83°31'52"W), 18 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100147  • South Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ from Greenville County, Matthews Creek, 24 Apr 2014, by D Eargle, JRF 14-0424-001  • Vermont, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Addison County, beside road from Lincoln, Middlebury River, (44°0'N, 73°1'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890075  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Montgomery County, Blacksburg, beside Route 321 at Caldwell, Craig Creek (37°20'0"N, 80°20'0"W), 12 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900089A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Patrick County, Round Meadow Creek (36°42'59"N, 80°25'29"W), 10 Jun 2006, by IM Smith, IMS060005A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola delicatexa are similar to other members of  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. feminellai ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. microbiscutella ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata , and  T. whitneyae ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. indistincta and  T. ululata ), and being distributed in the east.  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from  T. ululata ,  T. indistincta , and  T. feminellai by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from  T. tysoni by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.33-3.00 in  T. delicatexa , 3.06-3.50 in A34).  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from  T. pendula by having a stockier gnathosomal bay (length/width = 1.28-2.22 in  T. delicatexa , 2.42-2.90 in  T. pendula ), and a longer dorsum (♀ = 560-620 in  T. delicatexa , 630-650 in  T. pendula ; ♂ = 420-465 in  T. delicatexa , 500 in  T. pendula ).  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from  T. microbiscutella by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.38-1.56 in  T. delicatexa , 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella ). Female  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from female  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. biscutella , and  T. caerulea by having a longer genital field (175-185 in  T. delicatexa , 153-170 in others). Male  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from male  T. biscutella by having a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.44-1.56 in  T. delicatexa ; 1.37-1.42 in  T. biscutella ). Female  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from female  T. sellersorum by having a slightly more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.38-1.44 in  T. delicatexa , 1.23-1.37 in  T. sellersorum ). Male  T. delicatexa do not have any measurement differences with male  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. caerulea , and  T. sellersorum ; however, they can be differentiated by dorsal coloration.  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from  T. whitneyae by having a slightly more ovoid dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.38-1.44 in  T. delicatexa , 1.26-1.38 in  T. whitneyae ; ♂ = 1.44-1.56 in  T. delicatexa , 1.35-1.37 in  T. whitneyae ) and by dorsal coloration. Additionally, male  T. delicatexa can be differentiated from male  T. whitneyae by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.89-3.63 in  T. delicatexa , 2.48-2.70 in  T. whitneyae ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 51) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (410-465 (465) long; 270-320 (320) wide) ovoid with highly variable coloration, reddish-purple to purple (occasionally bluish-purple) separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (83.75-102.5 (102.5) long; 30-32.5 (32.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (122.5-132.5 (132.5) long; 40-55 (52.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 205-255 (255)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.44-1.56 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.23-1.37 (1.25); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.79-3.17 (3.15); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.36-3.06 (2.52); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.46 (1.29).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (235-247.5 (247.5) long (ventral); 172.5-193.75 (194) long (dorsal); 97.5-107.5 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (90-100 (100) long; 32.5-37.5 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (220-230 long) with curved fangs (45-52.5 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.45 (2.30); rostrum length/width 2.67-2.81 (2.67). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (33.75-40 (40) long); femur (82.5-92.5 (92.5) long); genu (50-55 (55) long); tibia (62.5-72.5 (65) long; 20-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.59-1.75 (1.68); tibia/femur 0.70-0.83 (0.70); tibia length/width 2.89-3.63 (2.89).</p>
            <p>Venter - (490-540 (540) long; 311-435 (435) wide) usually colorless; occasionally with faint reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (120-135 (135) long; 57.5-72.5 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (55-75 (62.5) long). Genital plates (105-110 (106.25) long; 95-102.5 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (220-235 (235) long (total); 78-100 (100) long (medial)); Cx-3 (240-297.5 (297.5) wide); anterior venter (160-175 (170) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.86-2.22 (1.86); anterior venter/genital field length 1.52-1.60 (1.60); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.64-1.79 (1.66); anterior venter/medial suture 2.33-2.91 (2.72).</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 52) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (560-620 (620) long; 390-440 (435) wide) ovoid with highly variable coloration, reddish-purple to purple (occasionally bluish-purple) separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (125-140 (140) long; 36.25-45 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5-172.5 (162.5) long; 57.5-70 (70) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 295-350 (330)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.44 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26-1.33 (1.32); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.83-3.52 (3.29); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.26-2.88 (2.32); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.16-1.33 (1.16).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-345 (345) long (ventral); 216-260 (260) long (dorsal); 145-165 (160) tall) colorless. Rostrum (115-135 (135) long; 45-55 (45) wide). Chelicerae (312-350 (350) long) with curved fangs (54-75 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.97-2.22 (2.16); rostrum length/width 2.33-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-52.5 (47.5) long); femur (105-130 (128.75) long); genu (67.5-75 (72.5) long); tibia (81.25-90 (87.5) long; 22.5-30 (30) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.56-1.78 (1.78); tibia/femur 0.65-0.77 (0.68); tibia length/width 2.92-3.61 (2.92).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-690 (690) long; 431-540 (540) wide) usually colorless; occasionally with faint reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-175 (157.5) long; 85-117.5 (117.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (175-197.5 (197.5) long; 150-172.5 (170) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (216-295 (295) long (total); 93-135 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (304-400 (400) wide); anterior venter (115-135 (135) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.28-2.06 (1.34); anterior venter/genital field length 0.64-0.76 (0.68); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.71-0.83 (0.79).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1955) did not offer an explanation for the specific epithet (  delicatexa ) and we are unable to offer helpful speculation. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 50).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In all analyses,  Torrenticola delicatexa groups with members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens of this species were less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. However, one specimen from Tennessee (DNA#1839) was 5% different; this specimen was collected from the same river as the other specimens and was indistinguishable morphologically. We refrain from speculating on this COI variation, but consider this specimen as an outlier, and thus within our hypothesis for  T. delicatexa . The position of this species was only strongly supported in our combined analysis, where it is recovered as sister to two other species:  T. ululata and  T. glomerabilis . However,  T. delicatexa does not resemble these species morphologically, and instead is quite similar to three more distantly-related species (  T. biscutella ,  T. malarkeyorum , and  T. caerulea ). </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5BE8B8C021C7058E076E9FBE122648B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
83DE0C600FCF3267273E7A349FF1BFDD.text	83DE0C600FCF3267273E7A349FF1BFDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola dentirostra Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola dentirostra Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Georgia, Chattooga County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow 1.4 km south of The Pocket Recreation Area, 4 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900077.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 2 ♂): Georgia, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Chattooga County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow 1.4 km south of The Pocket Recreation Area, 4 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900077  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Chattooga County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow 1.4 km south of The Pocket Recreation Area, 4 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900077  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Monroe County, beside Forest Route 35, 2.0 km northeast of road from Rt. 165 to Miller Chapel Baptist Church, (35°21'21"N, 84°9'9"W), 5 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900078  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ from Alleghany County, Covington; beside Rt. 18, 0.5 km north of Rt. 657, (37°44'44"N, 80°2'2"W), 13 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900091A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola dentirostra are similar to other members of the Nigroalba Group (  T. flangipalpa ,  T. nigroalba , and  T. solisorta ) in being small, slightly elongate, and having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly.  T. dentirostra can be differentiated from most  Torrenticola (except  T. erectirostra ,  T. karambita , and  T. robisoni ) by having a dentate bump midway on the dorsal edge of the rostrum.  T. dentirostra can be differentiated from  T. karambita ,  T. erectirostra , and  T. robisoni by having a straight rostrum (others have upturned rostra) and by dorsal pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 54) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (470-560 (470) long; 340-390 (340) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5-120 (107.5) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (157.5-177.5 (157.5) long; 55-62.5 (55) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 240-275 (240)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.45 (1.38); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38-1.43 (1.42); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.32-2.67 (2.39); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.84-3.05 (2.86); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.59 (1.47).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-330 (275) long (ventral); 200-247.5 (200) long (dorsal); 77.5-102.5 (77.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-120 (100) long; 35-40 (35) wide) with dentate bump midway on dorsal edge. Chelicerae (255-320 (255) long) with curved fangs (45-55 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.22-3.73 (3.55); rostrum length/width 2.80-3.00 (2.86). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions dentate apically on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-35 (30) long); femur (92.5-110 (92.5) long); genu (55-67.5 (55) long); tibia (80-92.5 (80) long; 17.5-20 (17.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (13.75) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.62-1.68 (1.68); tibia/femur 0.84-0.88 (0.86); tibia length/width 4.57-4.93 (4.57).</p>
            <p>Venter - (610-685 (610) long; 390-425 (390) wide) mostly colorless with faint purple genital plates. Gnathosomal bay (85-110 (85) long; 60-80 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex and ventral. Medial suture (60-70 (60) long). Genital plates (142.5-165 (142.5) long; 120-135 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (230-260 (230) long (total); 140-160 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (270-300 (270) wide); anterior venter (210-240 (210) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.30-1.50 (1.42); anterior venter/genital field length 1.42-1.64 (1.47); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.70-1.83 (1.75); anterior venter/medial suture 3.29-3.69 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 55) (n = 2) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (480-505 (505) long; 360-360 (360) wide ovoid with faint purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (110-110 (110) long; 40-42.5 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-165 (165) long; 50-52.5 (52.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 240-245 (240)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.40 (1.40); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.47-1.50 (1.50); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.59-2.75 (2.59); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.14-3.25 (3.14); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.48-1.50 (1.50).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-287.5 (287.5) long (ventral); 210-217.5 (217.5) long (dorsal); 77.5-80 (77.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-105 (100) long; 32.5-35 (32.5) wide) with dentate bump midway on dorsal edge. Chelicerae (255-265 (265) long) with curved fangs (40-45 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.56-3.71 (3.71); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.08 (3.08). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions dentate apically on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-32.5 (32.5) long); femur (90-92.5 (90) long); genu (57.5-57.5 (57.5) long); tibia (82.5-85 (85) long; 17.5-18.75 (18.75) wide); tarsus (12.5-13.75 (13.75) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.57-1.61 (1.57); tibia/femur 0.89-0.94 (0.94); tibia length/width 4.53-4.71 (4.53).</p>
            <p>Venter - (610-645 (645) long; 390-400 (400) wide) mostly colorless with faint purple genital plates. Gnathosomal bay (100-107.5 (407.5) long; 70-70 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex and ventral. Medial suture (75-85 (85) long). Genital plates (130-135 (135) long; 102.5-102.5 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-250 (250) long (total); 140-147.5 (147.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (275-280 (275) wide); anterior venter (235-247.5 (247.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.43-1.54 (1.54); anterior venter/genital field length 1.81-1.83 (1.83); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.29-2.41 (2.41); anterior venter/medial suture 2.91-3.13 (2.91).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  dentirostra ) refers to the diagnostic tooth-like serrations on the dorsal surface of the rostrum (dentis, L. tooth; rostrum, L. snout). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Appalachians (Figure 53).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola dentirostra and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, small size, elongate subcapitular rostra, elongate pedipalpal tibiae, and dorsal purple coloration restricted to posterior half, place this species in the Raptor Complex and the Nigroalba Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83DE0C600FCF3267273E7A349FF1BFDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
7366960139AEC05906F653B7A2111112.text	7366960139AEC05906F653B7A2111112.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola dimorpha Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola dimorpha Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Texas, Bandera County, Lost Maples State Natural Area, north of Vanderpool; picnic area, (29°48'48"N, 99°34'34"W), 10 October 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100184.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (8 ♀; 5 ♂): Texas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Bandera County, Lost Maples State Natural Area, north of Vanderpool; picnic area, (29°48'48"N, 99°34'34"W), 10 October 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100184  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bandera County, Lost Maples State Natural Area, north of Vanderpool; picnic area, (29°48'48"N, 99°34'34"W), 10 October 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100184  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Bandera County, Lost Maples State Natural Area north of Vanderpool; picnic area, (29°48'48"N, 99°34'34"W), 7 October 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100178  • 2 ♀ from Bandera County, Lost Maples State Natural Area; picnic area, (29°48'48"N, 99°34'34"W), 27 May 1997, by IM Smith, IMS970008  • 1 ♀ from Bandera County, Vanderpool; beside Rt. 187, 0.7 km south of entrance to Lost Maples State Natural Area, (29°48'48"N, 99°34'34"W), 2 May 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090007  • 1 ♀ from Kinney County, Brackettville; beside Rt. 90, 12.1 km west of Rt. 131, (29°20'20"N, 100°32'32"W), 4 May 2003, by IM Smith, IMS030007  • 1 ♀ from Uvalde County, Garner State Park; river crossing site, (29°35'35"N, 99°44'44"W), 28 May 1998, by IM Smith, IMS980027A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (5 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (3 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola dimorpha are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. cardia ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. kringi ,  T. larvata ,  T. mohawk ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata , and  T. unimaculata ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. dimorpha can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola by having a dorsal plate with a medial extension covering nearly half the length of the anterio-medial platelets and by males having large, highly modified pedipalps, which are expanded vertically and laterally. Additionally,  T. dimorpha can be differentiated from most other Tricolor Complex (except  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri , and  T. pearsoni ) by being colorless, whereas most other members have bold patterning. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 57) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-670 (650) long; 455-520 (490) wide) colorless and ovoid. Anterior dorsal plate with medial extension covering nearly half the length of the anterio-medial platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (117.5-135 (135) long; 52.5-57.5 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-172.5 (172.5)) long; 55-65 (62.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway in between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-360 (360)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.33 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.36-1.48 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.24-2.35 (2.35); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.46-2.78 (2.76); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19-1.33 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (230-260 (255) long (ventral); 150-170 (170) long (dorsal); 110-132.5 (132.5) tall) colorless. Posterior dorsal apodeme long. Rostrum (65-70 (70) long; 42.5-50 (45) wide) very short. Chelicerae (210-245 (235) long) with curved fangs (60-70 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.90-2.09 (1.92); rostrum length/width 1.40-1.56 (1.56). Pedipalps with long, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and no ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-40 (37.5) long); femur (76.25-85 (82.5) long); genu (52.5-62.5 (60) long); tibia (65-72.5 (70) long; 22.5-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.36-1.48 (1.38); tibia/femur 0.84-0.87 (0.85); tibia length/width 2.89-3.22 (3.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-800 (770) long; 505-600 (580) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (120-145 (145) long; 72.5-85 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (25-30 (30)). Genital plates (170-195 (185) long; 162.5-180 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-270 (270) long (total); 110-130 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (315-350 (350) wide); anterior venter (137.5-155 (155) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.60-1.79 (1.71); anterior venter/genital field length 0.78-0.84 (0.84); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.85-0.86 (0.86).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 58) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (465-510 (500) long; 310-330 (320) wide) colorless and ovoid. Anterior dorsal plate with medial extension covering nearly half the length of the anterio-medial platelets. Muscle scars absent or very faint. Anterio-medial platelets (102.5-115 (107.5) long; 42.5-45 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-197.5 (195) long; 42.5-55 (55) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 225-245 (245)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.50-1.58 (1.56); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.31-1.41 (1.31); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.34-2.63 (2.39); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.38-4.65 (3.55); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.64-1.81 (1.81).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (227.5-255 (240) long (ventral); 160-177.5 (165) long (dorsal); 100-110 (100) tall) colorless. Rostrum (45-50 (47.5) long; 32.5-37.5 (32.5) wide) very short. Chelicerae (195-235 (205) long) with curved fangs (55-65 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.17-2.40 (2.40); rostrum length/width 1.29-1.46 (1.46). Pedipalps highly modified and expanded, with long, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and no ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (53.75-57.5 (55) long); femur (107.5-112.5 (112.5) long); genu (92.5-103.75 (103.75) long); tibia (77.5-85 (85) long; 30-35 (35) wide); tarsus (20-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.08-1.22 (1.08); tibia/femur 0.69-0.77 (0.76); tibia length/width 2.36-2.67 (2.43).</p>
            <p> Venter - (550-620 (580) long; 350-370 (370) wide) colorless and highly modified with coxae  II–IV forming a large ventral plate that covers the insertions of legs IV. Suture dividing coxae III and IV incomplete. Apodemes expanded internally. Gnathosomal bay (110-115 (112.5) long; 90-110 (90) wide) expanded to accommodate large pedipalps. Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (155-165 (155) long). Genital plates (100-120 (105) long; 105-110 (105) wide) triangular. Additional measurements: Cx-1 (230-260 (250) long (total); 130-145 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (335-345 (335) wide); anterior venter (297.5-315 (300) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.05-1.25 (1.25); anterior venter/genital field length 2.63-2.98 (2.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.70-2.86 (2.86); anterior venter/medial suture 1.88-2.03 (1.94). </p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  dimorpha ) refers to the sexual dimorphism in terms of size and morphology (di, G. two; morphḗ, G. form), the resulting morphology is so unlike all other  Torrenticolidae that upon first glance specimens appear to be a different family altogether. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Texas (probably also extending southward into Mexico) (Figure 56).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola dimorpha groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support and specimens of this species were less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. dimorpha groups with  T. larvata and these species are greater than 16% different in COI sequence from each other. This clade (  T. dimorpha +  T. larvata ) is sister to all other eastern members of the Tricolor Complex. </p>
            <p>This species is so unique that upon initial observation, specimens appear to be members of a different genus, especially the males. However, the short conical rostrum that is downturned in males is characteristic of other members of the Tricolor Identification Group.</p>
            <p> This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, high divergence between species, and by highly distinctive morphological characteristics outlined in the diagnosis. The high degree of sexual size dimorphism (males are 15-30% smaller than females) is only matched by most members of the  Rusetria Complex, where males are usually 20-30% smaller than females. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7366960139AEC05906F653B7A2111112	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
617B9D2BE3F758981A203218BE3C1C3D.text	617B9D2BE3F758981A203218BE3C1C3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola dolichodactyla Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola dolichodactyla Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, New Mexico, Catron County, Cottonwood Campground beside Rt. 180 south of Rt. 12, (33°37'37"N, 108°54'54"W), 12 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870086.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (0 ♀; 0 ♂):</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola dolichodactyla are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. rala ,  T. lamellipalpis ,  T. boettgeri ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. keesdavidsi , and  T. anoplopalpa ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  T. dolichodactyla can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having longer pedipalpal tarsi (♂ = 52.5 in  T. dolichodactyla , 10-20 in others) and Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 ♂ = 1.74 in  T. dolichodactyla , 1.16-1.48 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female unknown.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 60) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (735 long; 590 wide) circular and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (177.5 long; 77.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (227.5 long; 97.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 halfway between the muscle scars and the edge of the dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 340). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.25; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.74; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.29; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.33; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325 long (ventral); 235 long (dorsal); 135 tall) colorless. Rostrum (120 long; 50 wide). Chelicerae (325 long) with curved fangs (65 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.41; rostrum length/width 2.40. Pedipalps with elongate tarsi and tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (55 long); femur (140 long); genu (80 long); tibia (110 long; 32.5 wide); tarsus (52.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.75; tibia/femur 0.79; tibia length/width 3.38.</p>
            <p>Venter - (850 long; 720 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (170 long; 115 wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (95 long). Genital plates (220 long; 170 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (350 long (total); 175 long (medial)); Cx-3 (480 wide); anterior venter (305 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.48; anterior venter/genital field length 1.39; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.79; anterior venter/medial suture 3.21.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  dolichodactyla ) refers to elongate pedipalp tarsus (dolichos, G. long; daktylos, G. finger), which is the most elongate of all  Torrenticolidae . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>New Mexico (probably also Arizona) (Figure 59).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola dolichodactyla and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, incomplete hind coxal margins, distribution, and lack of color are consistent with placing this species in the Rala Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/617B9D2BE3F758981A203218BE3C1C3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
63B364F0307B6BFE78A59B64434E4215.text	63B364F0307B6BFE78A59B64434E4215.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola dunni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola dunni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Type series. HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Cosby Recreation Area (35°46'54"N, 83°13'2"W), 16 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100140, DNA 1289.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (9 ♀; 5 ♂): North Carolina, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Rough Fork Creek (35°37'31"N, 83°6'46"W), 20 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100148  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Rough Fork Creek (35°37'31"N, 83°6'46"W), 20 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100148  • 1 ♀ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Waterville (35°44'59"N, 83°6'42"W), 16 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100138  • South Carolina, USA: 2 ♀ from Greenville County, Matthews Creek, 24 Apr 2014, by D Eargle, JRF 14-0424-001  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Abrams River (35°35'31"N, 83°51'21"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100141  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park (35°40'47"N, 83°31'48"W), 3 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090096  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park (35°43'33"N, 83°24'1"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100131  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ from Smyth County, Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, beside Route 600, Little Laurel Creek, 10 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900086. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (4 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola dunni are similar to other members of the  Rusetria “4-Plates” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ) and  T. skvarlai in having anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate, dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and indistinct hind coxal margins.  T. dunni can be differentiated from  T. pollani by having a larger dorsum (length ♀ = 605-680 in  T. dunni , 535-560 in  T. pollani ; ♂ = 500-540 in  T. dunni , 440-492 in  T. pollani ; width ♀ = 440-490 in  T. dunni , 410-420 in  T. pollani ; ♂ = 350-370 in  T. dunni , 310-340 in  T. pollani ); and a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.80-3.14 in  T. dunni , 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani ). Female  T. dunni can be differentiated from female  T. shubini by having a thinner rostrum (length/width = 2.8-3.0 in  T. dunni , 2.5-2.7 in  T. shubini ). Male  T. dunni can be differentiated from male  T. shubini by having a longer anterior venter (277-285 in  T. dunni , 215-238 in  T. shubini ).  T. dunni can be differentiated from  T. glomerabilis by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.2-1.4 in  T. dunni , 1.5-1.7 in  T. glomerabilis ) and stockier tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.27-3.50 in  T. dunni , 4.11-4.50 in  T. glomerabilis , ♂ = 3.25-3.44 in  T. dunni , 3.55-4.38 in  T. glomerabilis ). Female  T. dunni can be differentiated from female  T. kittatinniana by having a longer pedipalp genu (70-75 in  T. dunni , 64 in  T. kittatinniana ); a longer subcapitulum (ventral length = 330-355 in  T. dunni , 310 in  T. kittatinniana ); and anterio-medial platelets more elongate (length/width = 2.33-2.54 in  T. dunni , 2.83 in  T. kittatinniana ). Male  T. dunni can be differentiated from male  T. kittatinniana by having a longer anterior venter (277-285 in  T. dunni , 235 in  T. kittatinniana ) and wider dorsum (350-370 in  T. dunni , 340 in  T. kittatinniana ).  T. dunni can be differentiated from  T. rufoalba by having a larger dorsum (length ♀ = 605-680 in  T. dunni , 550 in  T. rufoalba ; ♂ = 500-540 in  T. dunni , 440 in  T. rufoalba ; width ♀ = 440-490 in  T. dunni , 400 in  T. rufoalba ; ♂ = 350-370 in  T. dunni ; 320 in  T. rufoalba ).  T. dunni can be differentiated from  T. skvarlai by having a conical pedipalpal femoral tubercle, whereas  T. skvarlai has a broad and flat pedipalpal femoral tubercle, and by having a longer anterior venter (♀ = 160-190 in  T. dunni , 140-152.5 in  T. skvarlai ; ♂ = 277.5-285 in  T. dunni , 177.5-205 in  T. skvarlai ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 62) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (605-680 (655) long; 440-490 (460) wide) ovoid with purple or reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and occasionally with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (117.5-125 (125) long; 46.25-52.5 (50) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-197.5 (192.5) long; 62.5-68.75 (62.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 315-380 (340)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.37-1.42 (1.42); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.40 (1.35); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.33-2.54 (2.50); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.76-3.08 (3.08); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.44-1.61 (1.54).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (330-355 (345) long (ventral); 250-265 (255) long (dorsal); 132.5-150 (150) tall) colorless. Rostrum (130-140 (135) long; 45-50 (45) wide). Chelicerae (325-355 (350) long) with curved fangs (60-65 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.53 (2.30); rostrum length/width 2.80-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-50 (48.75) long); femur (117.5-132.5 (131.25) long); genu (70-75 (75) long); tibia (85-95 (90) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68-1.83 (1.75); tibia/femur 0.69-0.72 (0.69); tibia length/width 3.27-3.50 (3.27).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-810 (780) long; 540-600 (600) wide) with faint bluish-purple or reddish purple coloration or colorless. Gnathosomal bay (157.5-175 (175) long; 92.5-115 (115) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (20-25 (20) long). Genital plates (160-185 (177.5) long; 145-160 (152.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-330 (330) long (total); 140-160 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (365-410 (400) wide); anterior venter (160-190 (190) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.50-1.70 (1.52); anterior venter/genital field length 0.99-1.07 (1.07); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.08-1.25 (1.25); anterior venter/medial suture 7.60-9.50 (9.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 63) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500-540 (540) long; 350-370 (360) wide) ovoid with purple or reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and occasionally with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (95-102.5 (100) long; 37.5-42.5 (41.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-172.5 (172.5) long; 55-60 (55) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 265-295 (285)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.53 (1.50); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.24-1.32 (1.26); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.41-2.56 (2.42); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.88-3.14 (3.14); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.66-1.74 (1.73).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-285 (285) long (ventral); 205-215 (215) long (dorsal); 102.5-115 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (105-112.5 (110) long; 35-38.75 (35) wide). Chelicerae (265-280 (275) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (52.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.43-2.71 (2.71); rostrum length/width 2.90-3.14 (3.14). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-47.5 (40) long); femur (105-107.5 (107.5) long); genu (62.5-66.25 (65) long); tibia 77.5-85 (77.5) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.72 (1.65); tibia/femur 0.72-0.79 (0.72); tibia length/width 3.25-3.44 (3.44).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-660 (655) long; 440-470 (460) wide) with faint bluish-purple or reddish purple coloration or colorless. Gnathosomal bay (125-135 (130) long; 75-82.5 (82.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (120-135 (125) long). Genital plates (130-137.5 (135) long; 85-90 (87.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-275 (275) long (total); 135-145 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-350 (335) wide); anterior venter (277.5-285 (285) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.56-1.80 (1.58); anterior venter/genital field length 2.04-2.19 (2.11); anterior venter length/genital field width 3.11-3.35 (3.26); anterior venter/medial suture 2.06-2.33 (2.28).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  dunni ) named in honor of Rob Dunn of North Carolina State University, for his exceptional writings and research that personalize ecology by bringing nature indoors; and particularly for his storytelling ability, in which he wonderfully conveys that we humans, rather than being separate from nature, are indeed just as wild as what we perceive outdoors-a sentiment exemplified by his book, Wild Life of Our Bodies: Predators,  Parasites , and Partners That Shape Who We Are Today (2011). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern Appalachians (Figure 61).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In all analyses,  Torrenticola dunni groups with two other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. dunni groups with two other species:  T. pollani and  T. shubini . These species are greater than 5% different from each other in COI sequence and the ranges of T.  T. dunni overlaps with  T. shubini , but the ranges of these species do not overlap with  T. pollani . Given our collection efforts across the Appalachians, it is reasonable to speculate that  T. dunni is restricted to the southern Appalachians. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, dorso-lateral platelet fusion, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63B364F0307B6BFE78A59B64434E4215	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
8427BE98437F2F0F98DAA453CA33D221.text	8427BE98437F2F0F98DAA453CA33D221.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola ellipsoidalis (Marshall 1943) Marshall 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola ellipsoidalis (Marshall, 1943)</p>
            <p> Atractides ellipsoidalis : Marshall 1943: 308. </p>
            <p> T. ellipsoidalis : Mitchell 1954: 40  • Habeeb 1955: 2  • Viets 1956: 241  • Crowell 1961: 330  • Habeeb 1967: 3  • Conroy 1968: 28  • Habeeb 1974: 1  • Conroy and Scudder 1975: 307  • Quaglia and Conroy 1984: 89  • Viets 1987: 759. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola rectiforma Habeeb, 1974: 1. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Type series. HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Nevada County, north of Lake Tahoe, Martis Creek, Jun 1933, by PR Needham, RM330010.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♀ from Nevada County, north of Lake Tahoe, Martis Creek, Jun 1933, by PR Needham, RM330010.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (94 ♀; 94 ♂): Alberta, Canada: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Waterton Lakes National Park, Cameron Creek, beside Akamina Parkway (49°5'N, 113°52'W), 2 Aug 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850133  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Waterton Lakes National Park, Cameron Creek, beside Akamina Parkway, west of Rowe Creek, 27 Jun 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800086A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Waterton Lakes National Park, Cameron Creek, beside Akamina Parkway, 12-15 Jun 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800069A &amp; IMS800069B  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Waterton Lakes National Park, Little Prairie Picnic Area, Cameron Creek, 5-9 Jun 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800053B  • British Columbia, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Atnarko River, at campground, 28 Jul 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830054A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Atnarko Slough, beside Highway 20, west of Youngs Creek Picnic Area, 4 Aug 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830064  • 1 ♀ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Belarko, Atnarko River, 24-26 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830049B  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Hotnarko River, at end of Atnarko tote road, 27 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830052  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Hotnarko River, at end of Atnarko tote road, 31 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830059A &amp; IMS830059B  • 3 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Youngs Creek Picnic Area, Atnarko Slough, 24-27 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830048A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Fernie, Lizard Creek, beside Highway 3, 1.8 km west of Fernie Mountain Provincial Park, 16 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120073  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Youngs Creek, beside Highway 20, between Heckman Pass &amp; Bella Coola Valley, 5 Aug 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830065  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Caycuse, Nixon Creek, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760197 &amp; IMS760198  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside Highway 4, 35.6 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760206  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Cowichan River, above Skutz Falls, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790035  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Skutz Falls, Skutz Creek, near Cowichan River, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790036A &amp; IMS790036B  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, Robertson River, 4 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760183A  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, tributary of Robertson River, 4-10 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760182  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lost Shoe Creek, beside Highway 4, 1.3 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760202  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Malahat, Goldstream Provincial Park, Goldstream River, 26 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790028A  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, spring run beside North Shore Road, 1.7 kilometers north of Lake Cowichan, 7 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790008A  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, North Shore Road, 3.2 kilometers south of Youbou, 4 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760190  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Youbou, Shaw Creek, North Shore Road, 4.3 kilometers south of north end of Cowichan Lake, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760196  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, spring run beside South Shore Road, 2.3 kilometers north of Lake Cowichan, 6 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790007  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Ucluelet, beside Highway 4, 16.6 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 18-19 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790047  • California, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Humboldt County, Prairie Creek State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by H Habeeb, HH640021  • 1 ♀ from Humboldt County, Trinidad, stream beside Patrick Point Road, near Bishop Pine Lodge, 7 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870134  • 1 ♀ from Inyo County, Inyo National Forest, Bishop Creek (37°17'23"N, 118°33'14"W), 2 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0902-003  • 1 ♂ from Mendocino County, Cottaneva Creek, beside Route 1, 21.8 kilometers southwest of Route 101, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870129A  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Mendocino County, small stream at beach access road, off Route 1, 2.6 kilometers south of Westport, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870128A  • 1 ♀ from Mono County, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Leavitt Creek (38°18'40"N, 119°34'49"W), 31 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0831-004  • 1 ♂ from Monterey County, Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek (35°48'57"N, 121°21'29"W), 6 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0906-003  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Monterey County, Nacimiento River, beside Nacimiento-Ferguson Road at Nacimiento campground, 30 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870120A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Monterey County, Salmon Creek, beside Route 1, south of Gorda, 28 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870114A  • 1 ♀ from Nevada County, beside Route 89, north of Hobart Mills, 13 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760109  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from San Bernardino County, Claremont, Mt Baldy, 3.5 kilometers above Mt Baldy Village, 24 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870107  • 1 ♀ from San Bernardino County, Claremont, Mt Baldy, San Antonio Falls, above Monker Flats, 24 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870105  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from San Bernardino County, Claremont, Mt Baldy, stream below San Antonio Falls, above Monker Flats, 24 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870106  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Shasta County, Battle Creek, beside Route 44, 5.6 kilometers west of Viola, 10 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870139A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Trinity County, small cascading trickle beside Route 36, 5.2 kilometers west of Forest Glen Station, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870132  • 3 ♂ from Tulare County, Stony Creek at Stony Creek Picnic Area, east of Sequoia National Park, 1 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870124A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River, beside Route 33, just above Wheeler Gorge, 25-26 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870109A  • Idaho, USA: 1 ♀ from Custer County, Challis National Forest, Stanley Creek (44°15'12"N, 115°0'19"W), 30 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0730-005  • 1 ♂ from Custer County, Salmon River (44°12'31"N, 114°55'51"W), 29 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0729-003  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Lemhi County, North Fork of Salmon River, beside Route 93, 15 kilometers north of North Fork, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850062  • Montana, USA: 2 ♀ from Flathead County, stream beside Route 487 near north end of Whitefish Lake, 29 Jun 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850057  • 3 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Lake County, stream beside Route 83, 39.5 kilometers north of Condon, 30 Jun 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850059A  • 1 ♀ from Missoula County, Lolo National Forest, Lolo Creek (46°46'7"N, 114°27'53"W), 7 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0807-003  • 1 ♂ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, East Fork Bitterroot River (45°51'40"N, 114°1'46"W), 3 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0803-005  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Benton County, Marys Peak near Philomath, Parker Creek, 27-28 Jun 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830006  • 1 ♀ from Clackamas County, Rhododendron Pioneer Tollgate campground, Zigzag River, 27 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760164  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760162  • 1 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Daphne Grove campground, Coquille River, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830016  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Daphne Grove campground, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830017  • 2 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, Brush Creek, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830012  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, Brush Creek, beside Route 1, 3 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830020A &amp; IMS830020B  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830013  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Rogue River National Forest, Elk River (42°42'46"N, 124°18'41"W), 13 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0813-003  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Curry County, Siskiyou National Forest, road 33 between Powers and Agness, North Fork of Foster Creek, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830019  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Sixes, Sixes River, beside road at mouth of Edson Creek, 4 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021A  • 1 ♀ from Grant County, Prairie City, Lunch Creek, beside Route 26. east of Dixie Pass, 17-20 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760125  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Grant County, Prairie City, Strawberry Forest Camp, Strawberry Creek, 17-20 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760126  • 2 ♀ from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001  • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Marion County, Marion Forks Riverside campground, North Fork of Santiam River, 22 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760145  • 3 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Multnomah County, Columbia River Scenic Highway, Horsetail Falls, 27 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830005  • 1 ♂ from Tillamook County, Siuslaw National Forest, Alder Creek (45°9'27"N, 123°47'60"W), 6 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0806-002  • Washington, USA: 2 ♀ from Lewis County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest (46°39'49"N, 121°41'11"W), 23 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0723-005  • 2 ♀ from Mason County, Olympic National Forest, Cabin Creek (47°35'44"N, 123°7'39"W), 22 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0722-004  • 2 ♀ from Snohomish County, Mount Baker National Forest, Marten River (48°4'19"N, 121°36'24"W), 28 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0728-002  • Wyoming, USA: 1 ♂ from Johnson County, Bighorn Mountains, Clear Creek, west of Buffalo Mosier Gulch Picnic Area, 28 Jul 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120041  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Johnson County, Crazy Woman Creek, beside Route 16, 14.9 kilometers west of road to South Fork campground, 18 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870158A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Washakie County, Ten Sleep, Ten Sleep Creek, beside Route 16, 4 kilometers west of Route 435, 18 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870157  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Washakie County, Ten Sleep Creek, Ten Sleep Wigwam Rearing Station, 26 Jul 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120044. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and paratype (1 ♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ellipsoidalis are similar to other members of the Ellipsoidalis Group (  T. multiforma ,  T. occidentalis , and  T. leviathan ), in being among the largest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum length ♀ = 700-885; ♂ = 665-850), although  T. sierrensis are also large (dorsum length ♀ = 700-880; ♂ = 590-735) but can easily be distinguished from the Ellipsoidalis Group by being circular instead of ellipsoid or rectangular (dorsum length/width = 1.17-1.28 in  T. sierrensis , 1.30-1.67 in Ellipsoidalis Group).  T. ellipsoidalis can be differentiated from  T. multiforma by having stockier subcapitular rostra (length/width = 1.8-2.1 in  T. ellipsoidalis , 2.5-2.8 in  T. multiforma ).  T. ellipsoidalis can be differentiated from  T. occidentalis (only known from females) by having a longer medial suture (40-57.5 in  T. ellipsoidalis , 20 in  T. occidentalis ) and by having stockier anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.00-2.39 in  T. ellipsoidalis , 2.54 in  T. occidentalis ).  T. ellipsoidalis can be differentiated from  T. leviathan by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.6-3.3 in  T. ellipsoidalis , 3.4-4.2 in  T. leviathan ) and stockier anterio-medial platelets (length/width ♀ = 1.43-1.72 in  T. ellipsoidalis , 1.94-2.14 in  T. leviathan ; ♂ = 1.53-2.00 in  T. ellipsoidalis , 2.15 in  T. leviathan ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 65) (n = 8) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (765-885 (800) long; 520-605 (540) wide) rectangular and usually colorless, occasionally with faint purple coloration without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (127.5-147.5 137.5) long; 80-97.5 (80) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (207.5-235 (217.5) long; 90-115 (92.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 390-470 (410)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.41-1.64 (1.48); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.40 (1.32); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.43-1.72 (1.72); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.00-2.39 (2.35); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.48-1.77 (1.58).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-315 (310) long (ventral); 194-219 (215) long (dorsal); 145-165 (165) tall) colorless. Rostrum (115-127.5 (117.5) long; 57.5-62.5 (60) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (261-289 long) with curved fangs (61-74 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.82-2.07 (1.88); rostrum length/width 1.84-2.09 (1.96). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (40) long); femur (101.25-107.5 (102.5) long); genu (70-77.5 (77.5) long); tibia (80-90 (85) long; 26.25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-21.25 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.32-1.46 (1.32); tibia/femur 0.76-0.85 (0.83); tibia length/width 2.91-3.27 (3.09).</p>
            <p>Venter - (885-1000 (935) long; 605-700 (605) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (157.5-180 (177.5) long; 80-105 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (40-57.5 (47.5) long). Genital plates (201.25-222.5 (205) long; 167.5-195 (172.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (308-337.5 (335) long (total); 122-162.5 (162.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (393-440 (405) wide); anterior venter (210-237.5 (225) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.50-2.12 (2.09); anterior venter/genital field length 1.01-1.13 (1.10); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.13-1.30 (1.30); anterior venter/medial suture 3.83-5.94 (4.74).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 66) (n = 6) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (725-850 long; 450-565 wide) rectangular and usually colorless, occasionally with faint purple coloration without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-165 long; 72.5-95 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-230 long; 85-107.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 350-460). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.67; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.22-1.43; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.53-2.00; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.07-2.36; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.39-1.67.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (280-290 long (ventral); 196-203.75 long (dorsal); 138.75-155 tall) colorless. Rostrum (102.5-115 long; 52.5-60 wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (263-280 long) with curved fangs (60-74 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.87-2.04; rostrum length/width 1.86-2.02. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-41.25 long); femur 92.5-100 long); genu (65-72.5 long); tibia (72.5-80 long; 25-30 wide); tarsus (17.5-20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.31-1.46; tibia/femur 0.74-0.84; tibia length/width 2.64-3.1.</p>
            <p>Venter - (840-980 long; 469-653 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (147.5-177.5 long; 77.5-90 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (70-90 long). Genital plates (177.5-236.25 long; 131.25-162.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (283-345 long (total); 117-167.5 long (medial)); Cx-3 (348-432.5 wide); anterior venter (245-270 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.69-2.15; anterior venter/genital field length 1.14-1.44; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.66-1.96; anterior venter/medial suture 2.72-3.71.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Marshall (1943) presumably named the specific epithet (  ellipsoidalis ) after the elongate body of this species, as she wrote, "the body is an ellipse." </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Western (Figure 64).  T. ellipsoidalis was previously recorded from Martis Creek and Gibbon River, Wyoming (Marshall 1943); and from Torch River, Saskatchewan (Quaglia &amp; Conroy 1984). We expand the range into most of western North America. However,  T. ellipsoidalis is not known from the southwest. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ellipsoidalis groups other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and most specimens are 0-3% different in COI sequence. This is higher sequence variability than in many species hypotheses presented herein. However, given the topology in the COI tree (Figure 10, 16) and morphological similarity, it seems apparent that the variability represents a continuum across a large distribution, rather than isolated species. An exception is that a single specimen (DNA#1930) is 2.9-3.6% different from the rest. This specimen is indistinguishable from other specimens and is collected from the same location. We do not find evidence to propose it as a separate species and therefore include it within  T. ellipsoidalis . </p>
            <p> In all analyses,  T. ellipsoidalis groups with  T. multiforma and  T. regalis , which are greater than 10% different from each other. Based upon overall similarity, body size, and distribution, we place this species within the Ellipsoidalis Identification Group. </p>
            <p> Upon examining the types of  T. ellipsoidalis and  T. rectiforma , all characters for both species overlap with members of only one clade in our analyses. Furthermore, the main character Habeeb (1974) used to differentiate  T. rectiforma from  T. ellipsoidalis was body size, which is known to be a highly variable character. Therefore, we synonymize  T. rectiforma as the junior synonym of  T. ellipsoidalis . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8427BE98437F2F0F98DAA453CA33D221	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
273AF2EABE1CDCA5B1425560FC3B0666.text	273AF2EABE1CDCA5B1425560FC3B0666.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola elongata Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola elongata Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Mississippi, Tishomingo County, Tishomingo State Park, Rock Quarry Branch (34°36'N, 88°11'W), 18 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910049.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (1 ♀; 2 ♂): Mississippi, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Tishomingo County, Tishomingo State Park, Rock Quarry Branch (34°36'43"N, 88°12'4"W), 20 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090115, DNA 1593  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tishomingo County, Tishomingo State Park, Rock Quarry Branch (34°36'43"N, 88°12'4"W), 20 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090115. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola elongata are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ), and  T. bondi ,  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. gorti ,  T. reduncarostra ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. arktonyx .  T. elongata can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola with similar dorsal patterning by having a more elongate dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.92-2.08 in  T. elongata , 1.17-1.58 in others; ♂ = 1.70-1.70 in  T. elongata , 1.20-1.68 in others). Additionally, they can be differentiated from  Rusetria 4-Plates and  T. skvarlai by having distinct hind coxal margins, they can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni by having a straight, anteriorly-directed rostrum (upturned in others), and they can be differentiated from  T. arktonyx by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. arktonyx has distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 68) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-565 (540) long; 260-295 (260) wide) ovoid and elongate with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (105-105 (105) long; 47.5-50 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-157.5 (150) long; 42.5-45 (45) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 180-200 (180)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.92-2.08 (1.92); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.44-1.48 (1.48); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.10-2.21 (2.21); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.33-3.71 (3.33); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.50 (1.43).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-295 (285) long (ventral); 210-222 (210) long (dorsal); 101.25-102.5 (101.25) tall) colorless. Rostrum (115-117.5 (117.5) long; 32.5-36.25 (32.5) wide) elongate. Chelicerae ((290) long) with curved fangs (45-47.5 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.81-2.88 (2.81); rostrum length/width 3.24-3.54 (3.24). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (96.25-100 (96.25) long); genu (55-57.5 (55) long); tibia (61.25-62.5 (61.25) long; 20-21.25 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.74-1.75 (1.75); tibia/femur 0.63-0.64 (0.64); tibia length/width 2.94-3.06 (3.06).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-690 (690) long; 300-350 (300) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (130-135 (130) long; 56.25-60 (56.25) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (52.5-60 (60) long). Genital plates (142.5-145 (142.5) long; 120-122.5 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250-270 (250) long (total); 120-125 (120) long (medial)); Cx-3 (240-258 (240) wide); anterior venter (205-207.5 (205) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.25-2.31 (2.31); anterior venter/genital field length 1.43-1.44 (1.44); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.69-1.71 (1.71); anterior venter/medial suture 3.42-3.95 (3.42).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 69) (n = 2) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (450-460 (460) long; 265-270 (270) wide) ovoid and elongate with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (92.5-100 (100) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (130-142.5 (130) long; 43.75-45 (43.75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 175-180 (180)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.70-1.70 (1.70); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.50-1.51 (1.50); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.95-2.22 (2.22); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.97-3.17 (2.97); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.30-1.54 (1.30).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-255 (255) long (ventral); 184-187 (184) long (dorsal); 85-87.5 (85) tall) colorless. Rostrum (97.5-102.5 (102.5) long; 30-30 (30) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (243-262 (243) long) with curved fangs (34-42 (42) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.83-3.00 (3.00); rostrum length/width 3.25-3.42 (3.42). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (31.25-37.5 (31.25) long); femur (83.75-85 (83.75) long); genu (47.5-47.5 (47.5) long); tibia (57.5-60 (57.5) long; 18.75-20 (20) wide); tarsus (15-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.76-1.79 (1.76); tibia/femur 0.69-0.71 (0.69); tibia length/width 2.88-3.20 (2.88).</p>
            <p>Venter - (565-570 (570) long; 325-329 (329) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (105-110 (105) long; 50-55 (55) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (55-80 (55) long). Genital plates (107.5-113.75 (113.75) long; 92.5-92.5 (92.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (207-232 (231) long (total); 82-98 (98) long (medial)); Cx-3 (257-266 (266) wide); anterior venter (215-220 (215) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.91-2.20 (1.91); anterior venter/genital field length 1.89-2.05 (1.89); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.32-2.38 (2.32); anterior venter/medial suture 2.75-3.91 (3.91).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  elongata ) refers to elongated bodies of this species, which is more pronounced than in all other North American  Torrenticola (elongatus, L. prolonged). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Tishomingo County, Mississippi (Figure 67).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola elongata groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. elongata groups with two other species (  T. gorti and  T. bondi ) which are 4% different from each other and have non-overlapping ranges. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, an elongate body, and distribution, we place this species in the Elongata Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273AF2EABE1CDCA5B1425560FC3B0666	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
2196443FDADF7B9F6993A16D2E6358B2.text	2196443FDADF7B9F6993A16D2E6358B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola elusiva Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola elusiva Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte County, Rollingham, Whittier Ridge, Highway 770, 6.6 km east of covered bridge, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110120, DNA 1857.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola elusiva are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. elusiva can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa by having a stockier subcapitulum (ventral length/height = 2.39 in  T. elusiva , 2.48-2.73 in  T. racupalpa ); and by dorsal pattern.  T. elusiva can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa and  T. daemon by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.5 in  T. elusiva , 1.59-2.09 in others); a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.65 in  T. elusiva , 2.66-3.39 in others); and by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. elusiva can be differentiated from  T. gnoma by being larger (dorsum length = 645 in  T. elusiva , 540-595 in  T. gnoma ); having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.65 in  T. elusiva , 2.74-3.13 in  T. gnoma ); and dorsal coloration.  T. elusiva can be differentiated from  T. mjolniri and  T. ivyae by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 4.42 in  T. elusiva , 5.00-6.00 in others); and a stockier rostrum (length/width = 3.65 in  T. elusiva , 3.81-4.32 in others).  T. elusiva can be differentiated from  T. raptor by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.50 in  T. elusiva , 1.8-2.02 in  T. raptor ); shorter anterior venter (163.75 in  T. elusiva , 205-240 in  T. raptor ); and stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 4.42 in  T. elusiva , 6-7.54 in  T. raptor ).  T. elusiva can be differentiated from  T. danielleae by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.5 in  T. elusiva , 1.57-1.70 in  T. danielleae ) and by dorsal coloration.  T. elusiva cannot be confidently differentiated from  T. longitibia because  T. elusiva is only known from a single female and  T. longitibia is only known from two males; however,  T. elusiva is only known from Charlotte County, New Brunswick, whereas  T. longitibia is only known from Monroe County, Tennessee. Additionally, two character systems that vary minimally between sexes are rostrum and pedipalp tibiae proportions, which do differ between  T. elusiva and  T. longitibia as follows: pedipalp tibia stockier (4.42 in  T. elusiva , 5.5-5.5 in  T. longitibia ) and rostrum stockier (3.65 in  T. elusiva , 4.15-4.23 in  T. longitibia ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 71) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (645 long; 500 wide) circular with bluish-purple coloration posteriorly with a broad anterior extension reaching the anterior edge of the dorsal plate. Anterio-medial platelets (152.5 long; 70 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (182.5 long; 87.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scars than to edge of dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 200). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.50; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.18; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.09; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.20.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (340 long (ventral); 259 long (dorsal); 142.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (155 long; 42.5 wide) elongate. Chelicerae (333 long) with curved fangs (59 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.39; rostrum length/width 3.65. Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tip on femora and tuberculate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (48.75 long); femur (132.5 long); genu (72.5 long); tibia (105 long; 23.75 wide); tarsus (17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.83; tibia/femur 0.79; tibia length/width 4.42.</p>
            <p>Venter - (730 long; 554 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (176.25 long; 87.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5 long). Genital plates (167.5 long; 150 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (288 long (total); 115 long (medial)); Cx-3 (384 wide); anterior venter (163.75 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.01; anterior venter/genital field length 0.98; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.09; anterior venter/medial suture 9.36.</p>
            <p>Male unknown.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  elusiva ) refers to the fact that we were only able to find a single specimen of this species, despite extensive searching among the abundant samples taken from the type locality in New Brunswick. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Charlotte County, New Brunswick (Figure 70).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola elusiva groups with other members of the Raptor Complex in all analyses with high support. Only one specimen could be acquired for use in our analyses, so differences in COI sequence across specimens could not be investigated, but this single specimen was greater than 4% different in COI sequence from sister species. Furthermore, this species is known from only a single female, so morphological variation could not be investigated. However, this specimen was different enough in terms of morphology and sequence to warrant a separate description. We place this species within the Raptor Identification group based upon similarity with those species. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2196443FDADF7B9F6993A16D2E6358B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
1B8D1B082E8E51399530882E406DBC56.text	1B8D1B082E8E51399530882E406DBC56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola erectirostra Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola erectirostra Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, New Brunswick, York County, Stanley, Nashwaak River, Stanley Municipal Park, 19 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120031, DNA 2962.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (9 ♀; 9 ♂): New Brunswick, Canada: 3 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdeguash River, beside Highway 770 at covered bridge, 30 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890053  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Charlotte County, Digdeguash River, beside Sorrel Ridge Road west of Whittier Road, 10 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120015  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from York County, Magaguadavic River, beside Highway 3 just east of Thomaston Corners, 1 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890055A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from York County, Stanley, Davis Brook, beside Highway 3, 3.5 km south of Highway 4 at Thomaston Corner, 11 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120017, DNA 2964  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from New Brunswick, York County, Stanley, Davis Brook, beside Highway 3, 3.5 km south of Highway 4 at Thomaston Corner, 11 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120017  • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11, Aroostook River (46°38'N 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • New York, USA: 1 ♂ from Cayuga County, Dutch Hollow Brook, beside Route 38A at Niles, 22 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900113A  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ from Amherst County, beside Blue Ridge, Otter Creek (37°36'57"N, 79°19'27"W), 7 Sep 2007, by IM Smith, IMS070056A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (6 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (3 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola erectirostra are similar to other members of the Erectirostra Group (  T. karambita and  T. robisoni ), species with similar dorsal patterning, such as  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ), Elongata Group (  T. gorti and  T. elongata ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ),  T. bondi ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa , and  T. skvarlai . They can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola , except  T. karambita and  T. robisoni , by having a dentate, upturned rostrum that is wide when viewed ventrally.  T. erectirostra can be differentiated from  T. karambita by having dorsal coloration (  T. karambita is colorless) and a slightly more elongate rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.72-1.91 in  T. erectirostra , 1.57-1.62 in  T. karambita ; ♂ = 2.0-2.2 in  T. erectirostra , 1.6-1.95 in  T. karambita ).  T. erectirostra can be differentiated from  T. robisoni by having less elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width ♀ = 2.52-2.69 in  T. erectirostra , 2.96-3.00 in  T. robisoni ) and by being distributed in the Appalachians, while  T. robisoni is in the Interior Highlands. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 73) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (690-750 (735) long; 480-510 (510) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple or purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (150-165 (162.5) long; 62.5-75 (75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-225 (220) long; 77.5-83.75 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 325-370 (370)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.41-1.47 (1.44); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38-1.51 (1.38); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.17-2.48 (2.17); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.52-2.69 (2.67); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.26-1.36 (1.35).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (315-350 (350) long (ventral); 225-247.5 (247.5) long (dorsal); 130-140 (130) tall) colorless. Rostrum (105-125 125) long; 55-72.5 (72.5) wide) wide and upturned with dentation. Chelicerae (320-345 (345) long) with curved fangs (45-55 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.42-2.69 (2.69); rostrum length/width 1.72-1.91 (1.72). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-55 (50) long); femur (100-107.5 (102.5) long); genu (57.5-67.5 (57.5) long); tibia (50-65 (62.5) long; 27.5-30 (28.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.48-1.78 (1.78); tibia/femur 0.50-0.61 (0.61); tibia length/width 1.82-2.17 (2.17).</p>
            <p>Venter - (860-920 (900) long; 580-650 (650) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (210-220 long; 105-150 wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (17.5-27.5 (22.5) long). Genital plates (187.5-202.5 (202.5) long; 162.5-180 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (330-360 (350) long (total); 140-160 (160) long (medial)); Cx-3 (410-460 (460) wide); anterior venter (192.5-220 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.47-2.00; anterior venter/genital field length 0.98-1.09 (1.09); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.13-1.25 (1.22); anterior venter/medial suture 7.09-12.14 (9.78).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 74) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-640 (620) long; 400-430 (400) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple or purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-150 (138.75) long; 52.5-58.75 (58.75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (187.5-205 (205) long; 62.5-70 (68.75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 275-305 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.41-1.55 (1.55); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.45 (1.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.26-2.73 (2.36); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.78-3.20 (2.98); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.37-1.48 (1.48).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (270-292.5 (285) long (ventral); 175-215 (197.5) long (dorsal); 96.25-110 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (90-107.5 (98.75) long; 45-50 (46.25) wide) wide and upturned with dentation. Chelicerae (265-285 (265) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.45-2.86 (2.71); rostrum length/width 2.00-2.17 (2.14). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-47.5 (42.5) long); femur (80-91.25 (87.5) long); genu (55-57.5 (55) long); tibia (50-57.5 (50) long; 23.75-27.5 (23.75) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.39-1.59 (1.59); tibia/femur 0.57-0.63 (0.57); tibia length/width 2.00-2.11 (2.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-780 (750) long; 470-495 (470) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (167.5-177.5 (172.5) long; 100-105 (105) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (75-82.5 (75) long). Genital plates (152.5-165 (157.5) long; 112.5-125 (112.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-330 (310) long (total); 125-150 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (360-390 (360) wide); anterior venter (232.5-250 (250) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.60-1.78 (1.64); anterior venter/genital field length 1.47-1.64 (1.59); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.94-2.22 (2.22); anterior venter/medial suture 2.94-3.33 (3.33).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  erectirostra ) refers to the upturned rostrum characteristic of members of the Erectirostra Group (erectus, raised up; rostrum, L. snout). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 72).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola erectirostra groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens are 2.7% different from each other in COI sequence. This variation in COI is higher than in most species hypotheses proposed herein, especially since those specimens were form the same region (New Brunswick). However, we could not find morphological differences that corresponded to clades in our analysis, and we were only able to examine four sequence, therefore, we consider these specimens to represent a single species hypothesis. </p>
            <p> This species groups with  T. karambita and  T. robisoni to form the Erectirostra Identification Group, which can be readily identified by the shape of the rostrum. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, molecular divergence (although COI variation is greater than most hypotheses herein), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B8D1B082E8E51399530882E406DBC56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
5DC77C9DD3D0E31A062356B6DDA67172.text	5DC77C9DD3D0E31A062356B6DDA67172.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola feminellai Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola feminellai Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Georgia, Chattooga County, Cloudland; beside Rt. 48 just east of Alabama state line, (34°31'31"N, 85°30'30"W), 29 September 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050110A.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 6 ♂): Georgia, USA: 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Chattooga County, Cloudland; beside Rt. 48 just east of Alabama State line, (34°31'31"N, 85°30'30"W), 28 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920056A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Chattooga County, Cloudland; beside Rt. 48 just east of Alabama state line, (34°31'31"N, 85°30'30"W), 29 September 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050110A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Chattooga County, Cloudland; beside Rt. 48 just east of Alabama state line, (34°31'31"N, 85°30'30"W), 29 September 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050110A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola feminellai are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae , and  T. microbiscutella ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east.  T. feminellai can be differentiated from all other Eastern 2-Plates by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width ♀ = 3.05-3.38 in  T. feminellai , 2.33-3.00 in others; ♂ = 3.14-3.38 in  T. feminellai , 2.50-3.05 in others), except  T. tysoni (3.06-3.50). Additionally,  T. feminellai can be differentiated from all other Eastern 2-Plates by having a distinct dorsal pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 76) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-690 (640) long; 470-540 (500) wide) circular with reddish-purple coloration in the shape of an hourglass. Anterio-medial platelets (137.5-150 (150) long; 52.5-55 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (185-202.5 (202.5) long; 75-80 (75) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-310 (290)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.24-1.33 (1.28); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.59-1.74 (1.72); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.62-2.76 (2.73); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.70 (2.70); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.25-1.36 (1.35).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-357.5 (352.5) long (ventral); 245-275 (267.5) long (dorsal); 140-160 (160) tall) colorless. Rostrum (135-157.5 (145) long; 40-47.5 (47.5) wide). Chelicerae (335-375 (375) long) with curved fangs (65-75 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.17-2.30 (2.20); rostrum length/width 3.05-3.38 (3.05). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (46.25-52.5 (52.5) long); femur (117.5-140 (140) long); genu (65-77.5 (75) long); tibia (90-100 (100) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.73-1.87 (1.87); tibia/femur 0.71-0.77 (0.71); tibia length/width 3.85-4.11 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (670-760 (700) long; 550-690 (550) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (177.5-195 (195) long; 80-115 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (185-195 (195) long; 167.5-180 (170) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (310-320 (320) long (total); 120-140 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (340-410 (360) wide); anterior venter (130-140 (130) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.61-2.44 (2.44); anterior venter/genital field length 0.67-0.76 (0.67); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.74-0.82 (0.76).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 77) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (520-565 (545) long; 370-410 (390) wide) circular with reddish-purple coloration in the shape of an hourglass. Anterio-medial platelets (115-126.25 (122.5) long; 42.5-50 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-180 (155) long; 55-67.5 (60) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 215-250 (245)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.36-1.42 (1.40); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.54-1.72 (1.59); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.42-2.82 (2.72); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.58-2.77 (2.58); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.27-1.43 (1.27).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (270-300 (290) long (ventral); 200-227.5 (215) long (dorsal); 105-120 (115) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-120 (120) long; 32.5-37.5 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (270-310 (295) long) with curved fangs (50-60 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.50-2.59 (2.52); rostrum length/width 3.14-3.38 (3.20). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-45 (42.5) long); femur (95-112.5 (105) long); genu (60-65 (62.5) long); tibia (77.5-86.25 (85) long; 20-23.75 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.75 (1.68); tibia/femur 0.76-0.82 (0.81); tibia length/width 3.63-4.00 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (610-685 (640) long; 415-470 (470) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (135-160 (155) long; 62.5-70 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (65-75 (70) long). Genital plates (130-140 (140) long; 115-125 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (245-290 (270) long (total); 105-130 (120) long (medial)); Cx-3 (285-315 (315) wide); anterior venter (190-205 (195) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.48 (2.48); anterior venter/genital field length 1.39-1.49 (1.39); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.58-1.72 (1.63); anterior venter/medial suture 2.60-2.93 (2.79).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  feminellai ) named in honor of Jack Feminella, professor of biology at Auburn University, who believed in me (JRF) enough to employ me as a lab technician in stream ecology, write a winning recommendation letter for graduate school, and was the first to teach me how to conduct self-directed research. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Appalachians, Georgia (Figure 75).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola feminellai and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution in the east, and fusion of the dorso-lateral platelets to the dorsal plate, are consistent with placing this species in the  Rusetria Complex and the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DC77C9DD3D0E31A062356B6DDA67172	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
4C6DA6035B6B30B95C2C1B284D2AD5B4.text	4C6DA6035B6B30B95C2C1B284D2AD5B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola flangipalpa Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola flangipalpa Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Alabama, Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162, DNA 1310.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 7 ♂): Alabama, USA: 3 ♂ from Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162, DNA 1309  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162  • Arkansas, USA: 1 ♀ from Carroll County, beside Route 62, Kings River, 21 Jul 1960, by DR Cook, DRC600026  • Kentucky, USA: 1 ♀ from Larue County, beside Route 31E, 4 kilometers south of Route 61 at Hodgenville (37°35'N, 85°42'W), 28 May 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920014  • North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Big Creek (35°45'3.92"N, 83°6'31.67"W), 15 Sep 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090008A  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'52"W), 7 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090101. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (3 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola flangipalpa are similar to other members of the Nigroalba Group (  T. nigroalba ,  T. solisorta , and  T. dentirostra ) in being small, slightly elongate, having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly, and having distinct yet poorly-defined hind coxal margins (can be indistinct, at least in males).  T. flangipalpa are best differentiated from other members of the Nigroalba Group by having a flange-like, anteriorly-directed pedipalp femoral extension (this extension is tuberculate in other members of the Nigroalba Group). Additionally,  T. flangipalpa can be differentiated from  T. nigroalba and  T. solisorta by having a longer anterior venter (235-265 in  T. flangipalpa ; 192-225 in others) and stockier pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 4.79-5.0 in  T. flangipalpa , 5.38-5.83 in others; length/width ♂ = 4.4-4.86 in  T. flangipalpa , 5.08-5.33 in others).  T. flangipalpa can be differentiated from  T. dentirostra by having a smooth rostrum (  T. dentirostra has a dentate bump midway on the dorsal edge of the rostrum). Other  Torrenticola with purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly, such as  T. tahoei and  T. oregonensis are larger (dorsum length ♀ = 530-565 in  T. flangipalpa , 600-810 in others; ♂ = 480-510 in  T. flangipalpa , 560-820 in others) and distributed in the west (  T. flangipalpa is only known from Alabama and Tennessee). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 79) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (530-580 (545) long; 365-425 (380) wide) ovoid with purple or bluish-purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5130 (127.5) long; 47.5-57.5 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (157.5-175 (172.5) long; 55-62.5 (55) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-295 (255)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.45 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.49 (1.49); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.25-2.74 (2.68); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.86-3.14 (3.14); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.40 (1.35).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-330 (307.5) long (ventral); 225-255 (225) long (dorsal); 90-95 (90) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (112.5-130 (117.5) long; 37.5-42.5 (37.5) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (285-320 (286) long) with curved fangs (43-50 (44) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.39-3.47 (3.42); rostrum length/width 2.82-3.06 (3.00). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with broad, dentate, anteriorly-directed flange on femora and with variable, dentate flange-like extension on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-35 (35) long); femur (93.75-102.5 (93.75) long); genu (55-62.5 (55) long); tibia (80-90 (83.75) long; 16.25-18.75 (17.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.70 (1.70); tibia/femur 0.82-0.90 (0.89); tibia length/width 4.79-5.00 (4.79).</p>
            <p>Venter - (680-750 (680) long; 430-495 (436) wide) with faint purple or bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (112.5-140 (120) long; 67.5-75 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (67.5-80 (67.5) long). Genital plates (145-160 (151.25) long; 125-132.5 (125) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (266-310 (266) long (total); 150-170 (156) long (medial)); Cx-3 (278-321 (278) wide); anterior venter (235-255 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.50-2.00 (1.78); anterior venter/genital field length 1.55-1.76 (1.62); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.86-2.04 (1.96); anterior venter/medial suture 3.06-3.78 (3.63).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 80) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (480-510 (480) long; 330-370 (330) wide) ovoid with purple or bluish-purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-122.5 (115) long; 41.25-47.5 (41.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5-162.5 (152.5) long; 50-53.75 (50) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 235-260 (235)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.45 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.44 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.42-2.79 (2.79); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.02-3.10 (3.05); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.44 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5-290 (272.5) long (ventral); 200-209 (200) long (dorsal); 75-87.5 (75) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (102.5-107.5 (105) long; 32.5-35 (35) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (250-272 (260) long) with curved fangs (39-62 (40) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.31-3.68 (3.63); rostrum length/width 2.93-3.31 (3.00). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with broad, dentate, anteriorly-directed flange on femora and with variable, dentate flange-like extension on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (27.5-31.25 (27.5) long); femur (85-90 (87.5) long); genu 47.5-57.5 (55) long); tibia (77.5-85 (80) long; 17.5-18.75 (17.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (12.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.52-1.79 (1.59); tibia/femur 0.91-0.94 (0.91); tibia length/width 4.40-4.86 (4.57).</p>
            <p>Venter - (600-640 (600) long; 356-420 (380) wide) with faint purple or bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (100-112.5 (105) long; 65-72.5 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (82.5-107.5 (95) long). Genital plates (122.5-127.5 (122.5) long; 92.5-100 (95) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-258 (240) long (total); 122-160 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (251-291 (265) wide); anterior venter (245-265 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.48-1.62 (1.62); anterior venter/genital field length 1.98-2.12 (2.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.55-2.68 (2.58); anterior venter/medial suture 2.42-3.00 (2.58).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  flangipalpa ) refers the expanded (i.e., flanged) pedipalp femoral tubercle (flange, English; palpus, L. hand, feeler), which distinguishes this species from other members of the Nigroalba Group. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern (Figure 78).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola flangipalpa groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support in all analyses and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. flangipalpa groups with two other morphologically similar species:  T. nigroalba and  T. solisorta . These three species are greater than 12% different from each other in COI sequence. </p>
            <p>That clade of three species corresponds to an identification group, Nigroalba Group, the members of which are easily differentiated by their size, coloration, long medial suture in females, and overall appearance.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C6DA6035B6B30B95C2C1B284D2AD5B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
D86D58F4FFAA077A3716A312FA89185F.text	D86D58F4FFAA077A3716A312FA89185F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola folkertsae Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola folkertsae Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, New Hampshire, Coos County, picnic area beside Rt. 110 ca. 1 km east of Stark, (44°36'36"N, 71°24'24"W), 5 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890071</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 4 ♂): 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Coos County, New Hampshire picnic area beside Rt. 110 ca. 1 km east of Stark, (44°36'36"N, 71°24'24"W), 5 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890071  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Coos County, picnic area beside Rt. 110 ca. 1 km east of Stark, (44°36'36"N, 71°24'24"W), 5 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890071. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola folkertsae are similar to other members of the Partial 2-Plate Group (  T. magnexa ,  T. priapus , and  T. pulchra ) in having anterio-lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate and being distributed in the east.  T. folkertsae can be differentiated from  T. magnexa and  T. pulchra by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 4.05-4.83 in  T. folkertsae , 2.61-4.00 in others) and by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. folkertsae can be differentiated from  T. priapus by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 4.5-4.83 in  T. folkertsae , 3.9-4.22 in  T. priapus ♂ = 4.05-4.33 in  T. folkertsae , 3.5-3.78 in  T. priapus ) and a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.55-3.00 in  T. folkertsae , 3.17-3.39 in  T. priapus ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 82) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (600-720 (720) long; 505-600 (580) wide) ovoid with faint reddish-purple medially. Anterio-medial platelets (140-167.5 (156.25) long; 57.5-70 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (180-205 (185) long; 85-95 (85) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 340-380 (380)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.11-1.24 (1.24); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.75 (1.53); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.32-2.50 (2.40); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.12-2.31 (2.18); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.12-1.41 (1.18).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-345 (345) long (ventral); 240-270 (270) long (dorsal); 145-162.5 (157.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (135-150 (140) long; 50-55 (55) wide). Chelicerae (320-415 (415) long) with curved fangs (65-70 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.07-2.19 (2.19); rostrum length/width 2.55-2.86 (2.55). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (48.75-52.5 (52.5) long); femur (130-145 (145) long); genu (77.5-87.5 (87.5) long); tibia (108.75-120 (118.75) long; 22.5-26.25 (26.25) wide); tarsus (17.5-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.65-1.68 (1.66); tibia/femur 0.82-0.87 (0.82); tibia length/width 4.50-4.83 (4.52).</p>
            <p>Venter - (680-880 (860) long; 560-675 (650) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (167.5-185 (182.5) long; 80-95 (95) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (15-20 (20) long). Genital plates (175-197.5 (197.5) long; 167.5-175 (167.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-340 (330) long (total); 127.5-157.5 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (380-400 (400) wide); anterior venter (155-180 (180) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.92-2.13 (1.92); anterior venter/genital field length 0.79-1.00 (0.91); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.91-1.07 (1.07); anterior venter/medial suture 8.38-12.00 (9.00).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 83) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (535-580 (570) long; 420-450 (445) wide) ovoid with faint reddish-purple medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-135 (135) long; 55-65 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (180-187.5 (180) long; 62.5-77.5 (77.5) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-310 (310)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.27-1.29 (1.28); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.44-1.54 (1.44); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.04-2.45 (2.45); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.32-2.88 (2.32); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.48 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265-292.5 (292.5) long (ventral); 210-227.5 (227.5) long (dorsal); 110-115 (110) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-120 (120) long; 40-42.5 (40) wide). Chelicerae (275-295 (295) long) with curved fangs (55-57.5 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.36-2.66 (2.66); rostrum length/width 2.75-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-46.25 (45) long); femur (110-116.25 (116.25) long); genu (67.5-72.5 (72.5) long); tibia (97.5-102.5 (102.5) long; 22.5-25 (23.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.55-1.67 (1.60); tibia/femur 0.88-0.90 (0.88); tibia length/width 4.05-4.33 (4.32).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-685 (680) long; 470-570 (510) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-150 (142.5) long; 70-80 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (105-125 (115) long). Genital plates (130-145 (145) long; 125-130 (130) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (255-295 (295) long (total); 130-150 (150) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-365 (340) wide); anterior venter (250-275 (267.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.81-2.00 (1.90); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-1.96 (1.84); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.00-2.16 (2.06); anterior venter/medial suture 2.17-2.45 (2.33).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  folkertsae ) named in honor of Debbie Folkerts, professor of biology at Auburn University, who, together with her late husband George Folkerts, were instrumental to JRF in channeling his passion for natural history and teaching into a career path. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>New Hampshire (Figure 81).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola folkertsae and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution, and partial fusion of the dorso-lateral platelets to the dorsal plate, are consistent with placing this species in the  Rusetria Complex and the Partial 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D86D58F4FFAA077A3716A312FA89185F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
92837E14246876E623F6B4E49F2E72DF.text	92837E14246876E623F6B4E49F2E72DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola glomerabilis Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola glomerabilis Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (23 ♀; 25 ♂): Georgia, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Floyd County, beside road from Everett Spring to Villanow, 1.4 kilometers south of The Pocket Campground, tributary of Johns Creek, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900077  • Kentucky, USA: 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Bell County, Middlesboro, near north boundary of Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Sugar Run, 9 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900084  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bell County, Pineville, Pine Mountain State Resort Park, Laurel Cove, Lower shelter Picnic Area, 9 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900083  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ from Fayette County, Dunbar Creek (39°57'50"N, 79°35'8.70"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-001  • 1 ♀ from Huntingdon County, Alan Seeger Natural Area, beside road from McAlevys Fort to Route 322, Stone Creek, 19 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900107  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125  • 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Laurel Creek (35°39'7"N, 83°42'32"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100145  • 4 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Alleghany County, Clifton Forge, beside Route 606, 1.2 kilometers southeast of Forest Route 125, Smith Creek, 13 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900093  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Alleghany County, Longdale Furnace, beside Forest Route 108, 1.7 kilometers west of Route 850, Simpson Creek, 14 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900094  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Amherst County, Upper Otter Creek Overlook beside Blue Ridge, Otter Creek (37°36'57"N, 79°19'27"W), 7 Sep 2007, by IM Smith, IMS070056A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Augusta County, beside Forest Road 42, 15.9 kilometers east of Vesuvius, Coles Run, 26 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900060  • 2 ♂ from Bath County, beside Forest Route 1744 at Route 39, between Warm Springs and Mountain Grove,  O’Roarke Draw, 15 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900098  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bath County, beside Forest Route 364, off Route 39 east of Warm Springs, Panther Run, 15 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900099  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Giles County, Mechanicsburg, beside Dismal Creek Road, Standrock Brook (37°11'38"N, 80°53'26"W), 9 Sep 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050066  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Giles County, Mechanicsburg, beside Dismal Creek Road, Standrock Brook (37°11'38"N, 80°53'26"W), 11 Jul 1990, IMS900088  • 3 ♂ from Montgomery County, Blacksburg, beside Route 621 at Caldwell Fields Campground, Craig Creek (37°20'N, 80°20'W), 12 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900089A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Page County, beside Route 730, 0.2 kilometers west of Route 675, Passage Creek, 25 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900059  • 1 ♀ from Rock Bridge County, Vesuvius, beside Route 56, 2.2 kilometers west of Blue Ridge Parkway, Little Marys Creek, 26 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900062. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (18 ♀; 19 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola glomerabilis are similar to other members of the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ) and  T. skvarlai in having anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate, dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and indistinct hind coxal margins.  T. glomerabilis can be differentiated from  T. dunni ,  T. shubini ,  T. kittatinniana , by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.53-1.66 in  T. glomerabilis , 1.20-1.42 in others) and stockier tibiae (length/width ♀ = 4.11-4.50 in  T. glomerabilis , 3.27-3.60 in others; ♂ = 3.55-4.38 in  T. glomerabilis , 2.80-3.45 in others).  T. glomerabilis can be differentiated from  T. pollani and  T. rufoalba by having stockier anterio-medial platelets (length/width ♀ = 1.9-2.3 in  T. glomerabilis , 2.5-3.0 in others; ♂ = 1.9-2.2 in  T. glomerabilis , 2.3-2.9 in others) and wider dorsum (♀ = 460-490 in  T. glomerabilis , 400-420 in others; ♂ = 395-430 in  T. glomerabilis , 310-340 in others).  T. glomerabilis can be differentiated from  T. skvarlai by having a conical pedipalpal femoral tubercle, whereas  T. skvarlai has a broad and flat pedipalpal femoral tubercle, and by having a longer anterior venter (♀ = 202-213 in  T. glomerabilis , 140-153 in  T. skvarlai ; ♂ = 240-280 in  T. glomerabilis , 177-205 in  T. skvarlai ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 85) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-615 (605) long; 460-490 (475) wide) circular with bold bluish-purple or reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (125-132.5 (132.5) long; 55-65 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-195 (180) long; 70-82.5 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 280-310 (310)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.32 (1.27); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.53-1.66 (1.53); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.96-2.27 (2.21); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.17-2.48 (2.18); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.53 (1.36).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-330 (320) long (ventral); 223-243 (223) long (dorsal); 112.5-120 (117.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (132.5-137.5 (132.5) long; 40-47.5 (40) wide). Chelicerae (320-330 (321) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (53) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.72-2.89 (2.72); rostrum length/width 2.89-3.34 (3.31). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (40) long); femur (112.5-117.5 (116.25) long); genu (67.5-70 (67.5) long); tibia (88.75-95 (88.75) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.74 (1.72); tibia/femur 0.76-0.83 (0.76); tibia length/width 4.11-4.50 (4.44).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-730 (730) long; 512-550 (513) wide) bold bluish-purple or reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (130-155 (155) long; 72.5-95 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (22.5-50 (27.5) long). Genital plates (167.5-177.5 (175) long; 150-157.5 (157.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (276-305 (291) long (total); 122-160 (149) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-370 (321) wide); anterior venter (202.5-212.5 (202.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.37-2.14 (2.14); anterior venter/genital field length 1.14-1.24 (1.16); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.29-1.40 (1.29); anterior venter/medial suture 4.15-9.00 (7.36).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 86) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (495-575 (530) long; 395-430 (420) wide) circular with bold bluish-purple or reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-120 (120) long; 52.5-60 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-187.5 (167.5) long; 60-67.5 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 235-280 (275)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.25-1.34 (1.26); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.50-1.68 (1.53); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.96-2.18 (2.18); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.54-2.88 (2.79); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.67 (1.40).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (260-297.5 (290) long (ventral); 188-225 (212.5) long (dorsal); 93.75-103.75 (93.75) tall) colorless. Rostrum (105-120 (120) long; 35-40 (35) wide). Chelicerae (249-298 (285) long) with curved fangs (40-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.77-3.09 (3.09); rostrum length/width 2.80-3.43 (3.43). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-35 (35) long); femur (95-105 (102.5) long); genu (57.5-65 (60) long); tibia (80-88.75 (82.5) long; 20-25 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.71 (1.71); tibia/femur 0.80-0.87 (0.80); tibia length/width 3.55-4.38 (4.13).</p>
            <p>Venter - (600-690 (670) long; 443-540 (460) wide) bold bluish-purple or reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (107.5-135 (132.5) long; 70-80 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (85-107.5 (92.5) long). Genital plates (135-147.5 (140) long; 110-120 (117.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (224-280 (280) long (total); 88-160 (150) long (medial)); Cx-3 (292-342 (300) wide); anterior venter (240-280 (260) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.48-1.93 (1.89); anterior venter/genital field length 1.78-1.90 (1.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.13-2.41 (2.21); anterior venter/medial suture 2.47-2.87 (2.81).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  glomerabilis ) refers to the rounded body of this species compared to all other members of the  Rusetria Complex (glomerabilis, L. round). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 84).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola glomerabilis groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. glomerabilis groups with two other species,  T. delicatexa and  T. ululata , which are 10-13% different from each other. Of these species,  T. glomerabilis is the only one with the lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate. Because of this, we place  T. glomerabilis within the Eastern 4-Plate Identification Group, which can be differentiated by having rounder bodies than any other species in the  Rusetria Complex. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola glomerabilis occupy an interesting position phylogenetically by being nested between the Eastern 2-Plate and Eastern 4-Plate Identification Groups (Figure 6, 12). Their unique shape and interesting phylogenetic affinity flag this species as important to future studies on the evolution of eastern members of the  Rusetria Complex. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/92837E14246876E623F6B4E49F2E72DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
0FFB04A8A1F141C972A64A79BFC7615E.text	0FFB04A8A1F141C972A64A79BFC7615E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola gnoma Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola gnoma Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Mississippi, Attala County, Hurricane Creek (33°4'57"N, 89°31'29"W), 12 Sep 2008, by IM Smith, IMS080052.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (6 ♀; 10 ♂): Georgia, USA: 1 ♂ from Lowndes County, Withlacoochee River, beside Route 84 at Brooks County line, 13 Sep 1968, by DR Cook, DRC680075  • Illinois, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Clark County, Big Creek (32°25'59"N, 87°41'15"W), 30 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0730-001  • 1 ♂ from Vermilion County, Fairmount, beside Vermilion County Road 680E, Jordan Creek (40°4'N, 87°50'W), 10 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910030  • Mississippi, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from USA, Mississippi, Attala County, Hurricane Creek (33°4'57"N, 89°31'29"W), 12 Sep 2008, by IM Smith, IMS080052  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Attala County, Hurricane Creek (33°4'58"N, 89°31'31"W), 30 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100168  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Grenada County, Leflore, beside Black Creek Road, Black Creek (33°43'N, 90°3'W), 16 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910044  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Jefferson County, off Natchez Trace Parkway, Coles Creek (31°41'26"N, 91°10'52"W), 2 Oct 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940029A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tishomingo County, Tishomingo State Park, Bear Creek, (34°36'N, 88°11'W), 18 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910047A  • Oklahoma, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Pushmataha County, beside Route 271, South of Albion, Walnut Creek (34°39'N, 95°7'W), 1 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870063A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (4 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola gnoma are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. irapalpa ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. gnoma can be differentiated from  T. elusiva by being smaller (dorsum length = 540-595 in  T. gnoma , 645 in  T. elusiva ); having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.74-3.13 in  T. gnoma , 3.65 in  T. elusiva ); and by dorsal coloration.  T. gnoma can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.74-3.13 in  T. gnoma , 3.56-3.88 in  T. racupalpa ) and by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. gnoma can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa ,  T. danielleae , and  T. daemon by dorsal coloration and pattern. Additionally, female  T. gnoma can be differentiated from female  T. irapalpa ,  T. danielleae , and  T. daemon by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 2.65-3.29 in  T. gnoma , 1.57-2.09 in others).  T. gnoma can be differentiated from  T. mjolniri ,  T. longitibia ,  T. raptor , and  T. ivyae by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 3.88-4.67 in  T. gnoma , 4.75-7.54 in others) and a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.56-3.23 in  T. gnoma , 3.44-4.4 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 88) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-595 (550) long; 440-500 (455) wide) circular with a large spot of coloration medially extending in a thin strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate, coloration variable from navy blue to purple to pink. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-137.5 (131.25) long; 55-62.5 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5-187.5 (167.5) long; 67.5-75 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scar than to dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 140-185 (155)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.17-1.30 (1.21); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.65-3.29 (2.94); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.06-2.39 (2.19); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.26-2.59 (2.39); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.11-1.46 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-305 (290) long (ventral); 225-239 (226) long (dorsal); 115-135 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (122.5-130 (125) long; 40-47.5 (40) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (285-310 (286) long) with curved fangs (53-60 (54) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.26-2.52 (2.42); rostrum length/width 2.74-3.13 (3.13). Pedipalps elongate with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-45 (40) long); femur (110-120 (112.5) long); genu (60-67.5 (62.5) long); tibia (87.5-105 (92.5) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.63-1.88 (1.80); tibia/femur 0.76-0.88 (0.82); tibia length/width 4.17-4.67 (4.63).</p>
            <p>Venter - (660-730 (680) long; 500-575 (500) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (142.5-172.5 (152.5) long; 75-92.5 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (15-27.5 (27.5) long). Genital plates (152.5-165 (157.5) long; 142.5-152.5 (142.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (252-285 (257) long (total); 84-122 (108) long (medial)); Cx-3 (317-377 (318) wide); anterior venter (160-167.5 (165) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.57-2.16 (2.03); anterior venter/genital field length 0.97-1.10 (1.05); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.05-1.16 (1.16); anterior venter/medial suture 6.00-10.67 (6.00).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 89) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (420-495 (450) long; 355-375 (375) wide) circular with a large spot of coloration medially extending in a thin strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate, coloration variable from navy blue to purple to pink. Anterio-medial platelets (1.80-2.30 (2.18) long; 50-62.5 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (135-152.5 (152.5) long; 60-65 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scar than to dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 130-180 (165)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.17-1.32 (1.20); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.06-2.73 (2.27); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.80-2.30 (2.18); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.16-2.54 (2.54); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.17-1.36 (1.27).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma- Subcapitulum (240-265 (265) long (ventral); 175-196 (196) long (dorsal); 97.5-105 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (98.75-107.5 (107.5) long; 35-40 (35) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (225-257 (256) long) with curved fangs (41-51 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.29-2.56 (2.52); rostrum length/width 2.56-3.07 (3.07). Pedipalps elongate with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (96.25-103.75 (103.75) long); genu (52.5-57.5 (57.5) long); tibia (77.5-90 (88.75) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (18.75) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.72-1.83 (1.80); tibia/femur 0.81-0.91 (0.86); tibia length/width 3.88-4.44 (4.44).</p>
            <p>Venter - (560-590 (581) long; 354-440 (395) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (105-130 (127.5) long; 62.5-77.5 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (67.5-80 (70) long). Genital plates (122.5-135 (127.5) long; 100-110 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (217-269 (255) long (total); 90-119 (115) long (medial)); Cx-3 (264-312 (295) wide); anterior venter (197.5-222.5 (207.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.40-2.04 (2.04); anterior venter/genital field length 1.49-1.65 (1.63); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.80-2.12 (1.98); anterior venter/medial suture 2.53-2.96 (2.96).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  gnoma ) refers to the dorsal pattern, which, although variable, resembles the head and cap of a gnome (gnoma, L. diminutive fabled being, dwarf). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern, but apparently absent from Appalachians and Northeast (Figure 87).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola gnoma groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens of this species were less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. gnoma groups with  T. irapalpa with high support, but the position of this clade was not recovered. These species are greater than 9% from each other. Based upon overall similarity, distribution, and phylogenetic position, this species is placed within the Raptor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FFB04A8A1F141C972A64A79BFC7615E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
D0E295A135CB58788B83B80A9FFC6D37.text	D0E295A135CB58788B83B80A9FFC6D37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola gorti Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola gorti Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, New Brunswick, York County, Davis Brook, beside Hwy 3, 3.5 km south of Hwy 4 at Thomaston Corner, 11 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120017, DNA 2970.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (24 ♀; 22 ♂): Alabama, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cleburne County, beside Route 431, 3.3 kilometers southeast of Calhoun, Jackson Creek (33°36'N, 85°42'W), 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900074  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from DeKalb County, Desoto State Park, beside Trail Y, West Fork of Little River (34°29'N, 85°32'W), 26 Sep 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920053A  • Georgia, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Chattooga County, Cloudland, beside Route 48, East Fork of Little River (34°31'25"N, 85°30'23"W), 28 Sep 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920056A  • 4 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Floyd County, Johns Creek, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, south of The Pocket campground, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076 &amp; IMS900077  • Kentucky, USA: 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from McCreary County, Rock Creek, White Oak Junction, beside Forest Route 556, south of Route 1363, 8 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900082A &amp; IMS900082B  • Maine, USA: 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11 at bridge, Aroostook River (46°38'N, 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from York County, Davis Brook, beside Hwy 3, 3.5 km south of Hwy 4 at Thomaston Corner, 11 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120017, DNA 2972  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from York County, Davis Brook, beside Hwy 3, 3.5 km south of Hwy 4 at Thomaston Corner, 11 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120017  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, Magaguadavic River, beside Highway 3 just east of Thomaston Corners, 1 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890055A  • South Carolina, USA: 1 ♂ from Greenville County, Matthews Creek, 24 Apr 2014, by D Eargle, JRF 14-0424-001  • Tennessee, USA: 4 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monroe County, Tellico River (35°19'N, 84°10'W), 5 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079  • 2 ♂ from Monroe County, Turkey Creek, beside Forest Route 35, northeast of road from Route 165 to Miller Chapel Church, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900078  • 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Monroe County, Tellico River (35°20'27"N, 84°11'31"W), 12 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090111  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ from Scott County, beside Route 58/421,).9 kilometers east of Route 709, North Fork of Hoiston River (36°39'N, 82°28'W), 7 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900080. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (19 ♀; 16 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola gorti specimens from Tellico River system in Monroe County (Tennessee) can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola by the distinctively dark coloration with a red spot dorsally. Other color morphs are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ), and  T. bondi ,  T. elongata ,  T. reduncarostra ,  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. arktonyx . They can be differentiated from  Rusetria 4-Plates and  T. skvarlai by having distinct hind coxal margins.  T. gorti can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni , and  T. reduncarostra by having a straight, anteriorly-directed rostrum (upturned in others).  T. gorti can be differentiated from  T. arktonyx by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. arktonyx has distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly).  T. gorti can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa and  T. irapalpa by being more elongate (dorsum length/width = 1.47-1.6 in  T. gorti , 1.15-1.3 in others) and tibia/femur (0.65-0.73 in  T. gorti , 0.77-0.91 in others).  T. gorti can be differentiated from  T. elongata by having a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.47-1.58 in  T. gorti , 1.7-2.1 in  T. elongata ) and larger dorsum (length ♀ = 570-600 in  T. gorti , 540-565 in  T. elongata ; ♂ = 500-525 in  T. gorti , 450-460 in  T. elongata ).  T. gorti can be differentiated from the Neoanomala Group by having a more elongate dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.47-1.58 in  T. gorti , 1.29-1.43 in Neoanomala Group; ♂ = 1.54-1.58 in  T. gorti , 1.34-1.50 in Neoanomala Group) and having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.29-3.73 in  T. gorti , 2.59-2.90 in Neoanomala Group).  T. gorti can be differentiated from  T. bondi by having a more elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.47-1.58 in  T. gorti , 1.32-1.45 in  T. bondi ) and having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.32-3.73 in  T. gorti , 2.76-3.13 in  T. bondi ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 91) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (570-600 (600) long; 380-390 (380) wide) ovoid and elongate with three distinct color morphs: 1) navy blue coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions that meet or nearly meet laterally, and with bold orange coloration in between, from Tellico River, Monroe County, Tennessee; 2) purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions; 3) purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with a strip of bold orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (117.5-137.5 (130) long; 52.5-57.5 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-172.5 (172.5) long; 55-60 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 220-260 (260)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.47-1.58 (1.58); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.46-1.73 (1.46); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.24-2.45 (2.26); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.75-3.09 (2.88); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.20-1.45 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (327.5-342.5 (337.5) long (ventral); 247.75-265 (252.5) long (dorsal); 122.5-127.5 (122.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (137.5-142.5 (142.5) long; 37.5-42.5 (40) wide) elongate. Chelicerae 330-345 (340) long) with curved fangs (56-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.59-2.76 (2.76); rostrum length/width 3.32-3.73 (3.56). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-45 (45) long); femur (117.5-123.75 (120) long); genu (62.5-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (77.5-82.5 (80) long; 20-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.78-1.90 (1.78); tibia/femur 0.65-0.68 (0.67); tibia length/width 3.20-4.13 (3.20).</p>
            <p>Venter (Figure 57) - (695-750 (750) long; 410-494 (430) wide) with three distinct color morphs: 1) navy-blue coloration; 2) colorless; 3) purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (142.5-172.5 (172.5) long; 65-77.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-37.5 (27.5) long). Genital plates (160-167.5 (167.5) long; 135-140 (137.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (285-300 (300) long (total); 107-140 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (290-353 (300) wide); anterior venter (187.5-195 (187.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.90-2.46 (2.46); anterior venter/genital field length 1.12-1.22 (1.12); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.36-1.44 (1.36); anterior venter/medial suture 5.20-7.80 (6.82).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 92) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500-525 (520) long; 320-340 (330) wide) ovoid and elongate with three distinct color morphs: 1) navy blue coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions that meet or nearly meet laterally, and with bold orange coloration in between; 2) purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions; 3) purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with a strip of bold orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (108.75-117.5 (115) long; 47.5-57.5 (50) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (156.25-165 (157.5) long; 52.5-57.5 (53.75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 210-230 (230)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.54-1.58 (1.58); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.43-1.58 (1.43); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.04-2.35 (2.30); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.78-2.98 (2.93); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.44 (1.37).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (280-292.5 (282.5) long (ventral); 211-231 (215) long (dorsal); 92.5-1.5 (95) tall) colorless. Rostrum (115-127.5 (122.5) long; 33.75-37.5 (35) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (275-302 (280) long) with curved fangs (36-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.76-3.16 (2.97); rostrum length/width 3.29-3.50 (3.50). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-37.5 (35) long); femur (87.5-105 (95) long); genu (52.5-58.75 (56.25) long); tibia (62.5-72.5 (67.5) long; 18.75-22.5 (18.75) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.79 (1.69); tibia/femur 0.67-0.73 (0.71); tibia length/width 3.13-3.63 (3.60).</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-680 (640) long; 380-438 (380) wide) with three distinct color morphs: 1) navy-blue coloration; 2) colorless; 3) purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-142.5 (142.5) long; 60-67.5 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (62.5-87.5 (65) long). Genital plates (125-135 (135) long; 102.5-111.25 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (255-280 (280) long (total); 100-140 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (285-304 (290) wide); anterior venter (215-250 (215) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.89-2.38 (2.38); anterior venter/genital field length 1.59-1.89 (1.59); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.96-2.27 (2.10); anterior venter/medial suture 2.86-3.48 (3.31).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  gorti ) refers to Gort, the fictional giant robot of The Day the Earth Stood Still. In the 2008 film, Gort was depicted with a dark body and a single red eye that shot a destructive beam. This species is named for the resemblance that the distinctive specimens from Tennessee have to  Gort’s red eye. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 90).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola gorti groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens of this species were less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. elongata groups with two other species (  T. elongata and  T. bondi ) which are 4% different from each other and have non-overlapping ranges. </p>
            <p> T. elongata to form the Elongata Group in all analyses with high support. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, an elongate body, and distribution, we place this species in the Elongata Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Members of this species can be highly variable in color. Some members have reddish-purple or purple dorsal coloration that is separated into anterior and posterior portions. Ventral coloration can be bold, faint, or absent. Members from Tellico River, Monroe County (Tennessee), can be readily differentiated from all other  Torrenticola by being dark navy blue with a red dorsal oval. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0E295A135CB58788B83B80A9FFC6D37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
1A004CD99F8EDC0E851EF02F1D3BE6D8.text	1A004CD99F8EDC0E851EF02F1D3BE6D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola hoosieri Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola hoosieri Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Indiana, Wayne County, south of I-70 (39°51'13"N, 85°8'4"W), 31 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-001.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (1 ♀; 5 ♂): Indiana: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Wayne County, south of I-70 (39°51'13"N, 85°8'4"W), 31 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-001  • 1 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Wayne County, south of I-70 (39°51'13"N, 85°8'4"W), 31 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-001. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola hoosieri are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata , and  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. hoosieri can be differentiated from all other Tricolor Complex, and nearly all other  Torrenticola , by lacking pedipalp ventral extensions on femora and genua. Additionally,  T. hoosieri can be differentiated from all other Tricolor Complex by having more elongate pedipalp tibiae (3.67-4.33 in  T. hoosieri , 2.65-3.55 in others) and by being colorless (rarely with diffuse pink dorsal coloration), except  T. bittikoferae ,  T. pearsoni , and  T. dimorpha . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 94) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (650-700 (650) long; 450-470 (450) wide) ellipsoid and colorless, occasionally with pink coloration without a distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (115-125 (115) long; 55-60 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-180 (177.5) long; 67.5-67.5 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 345-375 (345)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.44-1.49 (1.44); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.30 (1.30); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.08-2.09 (2.09); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.63-2.67 (2.63); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.44-1.54 (1.54).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (277.5-300 (277.5) long (ventral); 202.5-221.23 (202.5) long (dorsal); 127.5-138.75 (127.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-132.5 (120) long; 52.5-55 (52.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (260-291 (260) long) with curved fangs (75-77 (75) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.16-2.18 (2.18); rostrum length/width 2.29-2.41 (2.29). Pedipalps without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50-55 (50) long); femur (130-137.5 (130) long); genu (72.5-80 (72.5) long); tibia (102.5-110 (102.5) long; 27.5-30 (27.5) wide); tarsus (25-27.5 (27.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.72-1.79 (1.79); tibia/femur 0.79-0.80 (0.79); tibia length/width 3.67-3.73 (3.73).</p>
            <p>Venter - (790-800 (800) long; 480-551 (480) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-130 (130) long; 85-105 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (30-30 (30) long). Genital plates (182.5-188.75 (188.75) long; 150-152.5 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (257-260 (260) long (total); 120-129 (120) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-390 (330) wide); anterior venter (162.5-167.5 (162.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.17-1.53 (1.53); anterior venter/genital field length 0.86-0.92 (0.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.08-1.10 (1.08); anterior venter/medial suture 5.42-5.58 (5.42).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 95) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-640 (640) long; 390-410 (400) wide) ellipsoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (110-117.5 (115) long; 55-60 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (167.5-175 (175) long; 65-72.5 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-360 (325)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.60 (1.60); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.14-1.23 (1.23); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.91-2.05 (1.92); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.58 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.59 (1.52).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (245-280 (280) long (ventral); 185-202.5 (200) long (dorsal); 107.5-120 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5-110 (110) long; 42.5-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (245-260 (260) long) with curved fangs (65-70 (67.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.23-2.36 (2.33); rostrum length/width 2.44-2.59 (2.44). Pedipalps without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-47.5 (45) long); femur (117.5-125 (125) long); genu (70-75 (75) long); tibia (97.5-100 (100) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (22.5-27.5 (27.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.73 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.79-0.83 (0.80); tibia length/width 3.90-4.33 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (670-740 (740) long; 450-495 (460) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (120-130 (125) long; 80-85 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (102.5-122.5 (117.5) long). Genital plates (140-150 (147.5) long; 102.5-110 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-260 (260) long (total); 120-150 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-350 (345) wide); anterior venter (237.5-270 (270) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.47-1.59 (1.47); anterior venter/genital field length 1.70-1.84 (1.83); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.21-2.57 (2.57); anterior venter/medial suture 2.14-2.51 (2.30).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  hoosieri ) refers to Hoosier, the English demonym for a person from Indiana, the type locality. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Wayne County, Indiana (Figure 93).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola hoosieri group with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support and all specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. hoosieri groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex from eastern North America that are not colorful,  T. projector and  T. pearsoni , and are greater than 4% different in COI from these species. This species is placed in the Tricolor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A004CD99F8EDC0E851EF02F1D3BE6D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
5966A4325168B2AD6FDC633309C6EC31.text	5966A4325168B2AD6FDC633309C6EC31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola indistincta (Marshall 1929) Marshall 1929	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola indistincta (Marshall, 1929)</p>
            <p> Atractides indistinctus Marshall, 1929: 317. </p>
            <p> T. indistincta : Mitchell 1954: 40  • Viets 1956: 253  • Crowell 1960: 35, 37  • Crowell 1961: 330  • Habeeb 1967: 3  • Weaver 1967: 223  • Conroy 1968: 28  • Young 1969: 373-386  • Modlin and Gannon 1973: 219, 221  • Conroy and Scudder 1975: 307. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): from USA, Wisconsin, Green Lake County, Green Lake, Aug 1921, by C Juday, RM210013.</p>
            <p>PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♂):from USA, Wisconsin, Green Lake County, Green Lake, Aug 1921, by C Juday, RM210013.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (5 ♀; 4 ♂): Manitoba, Canada: 1 ♂ from Fidler Lake; Station 7., (57°11'11"N, 96°56'56"W), 20 June 1977, by Freshwater Institute, IMS770231  • 1 ♀ from Northern Indian Lake; Station 9., (56°47'47"N, 98°56'56"W), 20 June 1977, by Freshwater Institute, IMS770224  • 1 ♂ from Northern Indian Lake; Station 1., (56°47'47"N, 98°56'56"W), 20 June 1977, by Freshwater Institute, IMS770232  • 1 ♀ from North Pine River near Pine River, 29 May 1981, by P Schefter, E Fuller, ROM810578  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Southern Indian Lake, (57°10'10"N, 98°29'29"W), 1 July 1977, by Freshwater Institute, IMS770234  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Southern Indian Lake, (56°47'47"N, 98°56'56"W), 27 July 1977, by Freshwater Institute., IMS770215  • 1 ♀ from Southern Indian Lake, (57°10'10"N, 98°29'29"W), 5 September 1978, by Freshwater Institute., IMS780049 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Types (1 ♀, 1 ♂); and most other material (3 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola indistincta are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae ,  T. microbiscutella , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, and being distributed in the east.  T. indistincta can be differentiated from other Eastern 2-Plates by having faint coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions connected medially. Female  T. indistincta can be differentiated from female  T. caerulea by having a larger genital field (length = 185-225 in  T. indistincta , 155-165 in  T. caerulea ; width = 185-205 in  T. indistincta , 120-145 in  T. caerulea ). Male  T. indistincta can be differentiated from male  T. caerulea by having a larger dorsum (length = 480-645 in  T. indistincta , 405-460 in  T. caerulea ; width = 315-470 in  T. indistincta , 260-305 in  T. caerulea ).  T. indistincta can be differentiated from  T. microbiscutella by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.21-1.52 in  T. indistincta ; 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 97) (n = 5) (lectotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-880 (640) long; 460-720 (485) wide) ovoid with faint coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-195 (125) long; 45-77.5 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-235 (172.5) long; 75-115 (80) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 340-485 (340)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.21-1.32 (1.32); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.32-1.48 (1.43); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.35-2.94 (2.63); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.02-2.33 (2.16); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19-1.38 (1.38).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-395 (322.5) long (ventral); 225-295 (237.5) long (dorsal); 145-195 (150) tall) tall and colorless. Rostrum (120-160 (125) long; 45-62.5 (47.5) wide). Chelicerae (300-405 (335) long) with curved fangs (60-80 (62.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.97-2.15 (2.15); rostrum length/width 2.50-2.78 (2.63). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-65 (47.5) long); femur (112.5-160 (117.5) long); genu (62.5-90 (62.5) long); tibia (87.5-122.5 (87.5) long; 25-31.25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-30 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.88 (1.88); tibia/femur 0.74-0.80 (0.74); tibia length/width 3.50-3.92 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Venter - (650-995 (800) long; 535-880 (565) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (175-237.5 (175) long; 90-130 (97.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (185-225 (205) long; 185-205 (190) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (295-385 (305) long (total); 120-155 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (345-505 (345) wide); anterior venter (125-167.5 (135) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.79-2.02 (1.79); anterior venter/genital field length 0.66-0.83 (0.66); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.66-0.83 (0.71).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 98) (n = 5) (lectotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (480-645 (480) long; 315-470 (315) wide) ovoid with faint coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (102.5-147.5 (102.5) long; 35-55 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (137.5-180 (150) long; 55-82.5 (55) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 235-350 (235)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.37-1.52 (1.52); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.31-1.34 (1.34); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.33-3.05 (2.93); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.12-2.73 (2.73); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19-1.46 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (238.75-317.5 (238.75) long (ventral); 167.5-232.5 (167.5) long (dorsal); 102.5-137.5 (102.5) tall) tall and colorless. Rostrum (85-125 (85) long; 32.5-50 (32.5) wide). Chelicerae (232.5-320 (232.5) long) with curved fangs (47.5-65 (47.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.22-2.33 (2.33); rostrum length/width 2.50-2.86 (2.62). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-52.5 (37.5) long); femur (86.25-117.5 (86.25) long); genu (50-77.5 (50) long); tibia (70-100 (70) long; 22.5-28.75 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-22.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.52-1.73 (1.73); tibia/femur 0.80-0.85 (0.81); tibia length/width 3.11-3.48 (3.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (570-780 (570) long; 370-510 (370) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (127.5-180 (127.5) long; 65-100 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (65-75 (75) long). Genital plates (117.5-165 (117.5) long; 112.5-150 (112.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (235-315 (235) long (total); 107.5-150 (107.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (250-395 (277.5) wide); anterior venter (190-235 (190) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.80-1.96 (1.96); anterior venter/genital field length 1.38-1.68 (1.62); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.53-1.69 (1.69); anterior venter/medial suture 2.53-3.54 (2.53).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Marshall (1929) named the specific epithet (  indistincta ) in reference to the  Rusetria Complex character of fused (  “indistinct” ) lateral platelets. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Midwest and into Manitoba (Figure 96). Young (1969) reported this species from Colorado, but this likely represents  T. mulleni rather than  T. indistincta . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola indistincta and therefore this species was not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine type material and additional material preserved in GAW. The fusion of the lateral platelets to the dorsal plate clearly places this species among the  Rusetria Complex and its distribution is consistent with placement within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
            <p> Although Young (1969) reported this species in Colorado, we suspect that record represents the superficially similar  T. mulleni based upon distribution. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5966A4325168B2AD6FDC633309C6EC31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
5DB52660B32A1C59C587D04F897B7826.text	5DB52660B32A1C59C587D04F897B7826.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola interiorensis Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola interiorensis Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, Arkansas, Montgomery County, Caddo Gap, access track off Manfred Road, 0.3 km west of Route 8, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (7 ♀; 11 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 1 ♀ (ALLOTYPE) from Montgomery County, Caddo Gap, access track off Manfred Road, 0.3 km west of Route 8, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037  • 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Caddo Gap, access track off Manfred Road, 0.3 km west of Route 8, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Newton County, Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, Little Buffalo River, 11 Jul 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0711-004  • Missouri, USA: 3 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, Red Bluff campground, off Road V, east of Davisville, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029  • Oklahoma, USA: 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Pushmataha County, Walnut Creek, beside Route 271, south of Albion, 1 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870063A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♂), allotype (♀), and some paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola interiorensis are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria 4-Plate Group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ), Elongata Group (  T. gorti ,  T. elongata , and  T. reduncarostra ), and  T. bondi ,  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. neoanomala ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. arktonyx . They can be differentiated from  Rusetria 4-Plates and  T. skvarlai by having distinct hind coxal margins.  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni and  T. reduncarostra by having a straight, anteriorly-directed rostrum (upturned in  T. erectirostra and  T. reduncarostra ).  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from  T. arktonyx by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. arktonyx has distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate).  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.76-4.22 in  T. interiorensis ; 4.44-5.50 in  T. racupalpa ) and less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.63-2.88 in  T. interiorensis ; 3.56-3.88 in  T. racupalpa ).  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.48-1.61 in  T. interiorensis , 1.81-2.09 in  T. irapalpa ; ♂ = 1.42-1.45 in  T. interiorensis , 1.58-1.86 in  T. irapalpa ) and more ovoid dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.29-1.38 in  T. interiorensis , 1.20-1.28 in  T. irapalpa ; ♂ = 1.34-1.47 in  T. interiorensis , 1.26-1.30 in  T. irapalpa ).  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from Elongata Group by being slightly more ovoid (dorsum length/width ♀ = 1.29-1.38 in  T. interiorensis , 1.45-2.08 in Elongata Group; ♂ = 1.34-1.47 in  T. interiorensis , 1.51-1.7 in Elongata Group) and having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.63-2.88 in  T. interiorensis , 3.24-4.00 in Elongata Group).  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from  T. bondi by having a longer medial suture (♀ = 25-30 in  T. interiorensis , 10-15 in  T. bondi ; ♂ = 75-83 in  T. interiorensis , 55-70 in  T. bondi ), anterior venter/genital field width (♀ = 1.31-1.38 in  T. interiorensis , 1.15-1.25 in  T. bondi ; ♂ = 2.09-2.27 in  T. interiorensis , 1.95-2.05 in  T. bondi ), and Dgl-4 closer to edge of dorsum (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.48-1.61 in  T. interiorensis , 1.63-1.72 in  T. bondi ; ♂ = 1.42-1.45 in  T. interiorensis , 1.48-1.62 in  T. bondi ). Female  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from female  T. neoanomala by having stockier anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.62-2.67 in  T. interiorensis , 2.86-3.09 in  T. neoanomala ). Male  T. interiorensis can be differentiated from male  T. neoanomala by having a shorter anterior venter (220-240 in  T. interiorensis , 267.5-290 in  T. neoanomala ) and a shorter genital field (132-138 in  T. interiorensis , 145-160 in  T. neoanomala ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 100) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (510-545 (510) long; 350-405 (360) wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (115-122.5 (115) long; 45-50 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-167.5 (150) long; 50-52.5 (50) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 245-285 (250)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.34-1.47 (1.42); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.42-1.45 (1.44); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.45-2.72 (2.56); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.00-3.19 (3.00); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.30-1.37 (1.30).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265-282.5 (265) long (ventral); 200-212 (200) long (dorsal); 105-112.5 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (112.5-115 (112.5) long; 40-40 (40) wide). Chelicerae (260-282 (260) long) with curved fangs (45-58 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.51-2.60 (2.52); rostrum length/width 2.81-2.88 (2.81). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-37.5 (32.5) long); femur (97.5-105 (97.5) long); genu (55-62.5 (55) long); tibia (77.5-81.25 (77.5) long; 20-21.25 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-18.75 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68-1.78 (1.77); tibia/femur 0.77-0.79 (0.79); tibia length/width 3.76-3.88 (3.88).</p>
            <p>Venter - (608-660 (640) long; 424-480 (480) wide) mostly colorless with faint purple in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (102.5-137.5 (110) long; 65-85 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-82.5 (75) long). Genital plates (132.5-137.5 (132.5) long; 100-107.5 (100) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (231-270 (260) long (total); 123.25-134 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (300-338 (315) wide); anterior venter (220-240 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.37-2.12 (1.47); anterior venter/genital field length 1.60-1.80 (1.66); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.09-2.27 (2.20); anterior venter/medial suture 2.73-2.98 (2.93).</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 101) (n =5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-620 (550) long; 410-480 (415) wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and orange coloration. Anterio-medial platelets (123.75-142.5 (123.75) long; 50-60 (50) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-187.5 (160) long; 60-70 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-305 (280)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.38 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.48-1.61 (1.48); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.36-2.52 (2.48); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.62-2.68 (2.67); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.21-1.33 (1.29).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (307.5-325 (310) long (ventral); 220-240 (232.5) long (dorsal); 120-130 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (122.5-140 (125) long; 45-50 (45) wide). Chelicerae (300-340 (310) long) with curved fangs (50-65 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.44-2.58 (2.58); rostrum length/width 2.63-2.83 (2.78). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-45 (40) long); femur (112.5-127.5 (115) long); genu (65-70 (65) long); tibia (85-95 (85) long; 21.25-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (17.5-22.5 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.73-1.82 (1.77); tibia/femur 0.74-0.76 (0.74); tibia length/width 3.78-4.22 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (680-780 (680) long; 470-580 (510) wide) mostly colorless with purple in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (112.5-152.5 (145) long; 70-100 (90) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-30 (30) long). Genital plates (155-175 (155) long; 137.5-152.5 (145) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (242-310 (280) long (total); 125-160 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-390 (350) wide); anterior venter (190-205 (190) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.22-2.07 (1.61); anterior venter/genital field length 1.17-1.23 (1.23); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.31-1.38 (1.31); anterior venter/medial suture 6.33-8.20 (6.33).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  interiorensis ) refers to the Interior Highlands, where this species was found within both major regions (Ozarks and Ouachitas), but not found outside these regions, which suggests it is endemic to the region. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Interior Highlands (Ozarks and Ouachitas), likely endemic (Figure 99).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola interiorensis groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. interiorensis groups with the superficially similar  T. neoanomala , and specimens from these species are greater than 9% different in COI sequence from each other. Based upon this relationship and their similarity, we place these species in the Neoanomala Identification Group. The Neoanomala Group shares a phylogenetic affinity for members of the similar-looking Erectirostra Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DB52660B32A1C59C587D04F897B7826	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
1A4005F3A3258B383069F3A7EDCCB0A6.text	1A4005F3A3258B383069F3A7EDCCB0A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola irapalpa Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola irapalpa Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from New Brunswick, Canada, York County, Stanley, Nashwaak River, Stanley Municipal Park, 19 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120031, DNA 2956.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (39 ♀; 26 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 1 ♀ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Cecil Creek (36°5'15.72"N, 93°13'23.28"W), 13 Jun 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0613-010  • 1 ♂ from Newton County, Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, Little Buffalo River, 11 Jun 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0711-004  • 2 ♀ from Polk County, beside Forest Route 38, north of Shady Lake Recreation Area, East Saline Creek (34°22'23.39"N, 94°1'51.22"W), 30 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110041  • Kentucky, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from McCreary County, White Oak Junction, Rock Creek, beside Forest Route 556, 2.3 kilometers south of Route 1363, 8 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900082A &amp; IMS900082B  • Illinois, USA: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Kankakee County, Kankakee River State Park, beside Route 102, Rock Creek (41°12'N, 88°0'W), 9 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910027A  • Indiana, USA: 1 ♀ from Wayne County, south of intersection of Interstate 70 and Route 1 (39°51'13"N, 85°8'4"W), 31 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-001  • Missouri, USA: 3 ♀ Wayne County, beside Road 143 near Sam A Baker State Park, 8 Jul 1960, by DR Cook, DRC600010  • New Brunswick, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingdam, Digdeguash River, beside Highway 770 at covered bridge, 30 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890053  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Charlotte County, Digdeguash River, beside Sorrel Ridge Road, west of Whittier Road, 10 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120015  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110118  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from York County, Stanley, Nashwaak River, Stanley Municipal Park, 19 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120031, DNA 2957  • Ohio, USA: 1 ♂ from Montgomery County, Engelwood Metro Park (39°52'58"N, 84°17'33"W), 31 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-002  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Pickaway County, beside Scioto-Darby Road, just north of Darby, Big Darby Creek (40°2'N, 83°15'W), 30 Jun 1997, by IM Smith &amp; M MacKenzie, IMS970016  • Ontario, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Grey County, Durham, Saugeen River, beside County Road 27 near Durham Conservation Area, 9 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890028A  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ from Bedford County, Chaneysville, Sweet Root Picnic Area beside Route 326, 18 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900105  • 1 ♀ from Huntingdon County, Alan Seeger Natural Area, Stone Creek, beside road from McAlevys Fort to Route 322, 19 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900107  • 1 ♂ from Tioga County, Straight Run, beside Straight Run Road, 2.1 kilometers north of Route 6 between Ansonia &amp; Wellsboro, 20 Jul1990, by IM Smith, IMS900111  • Saskatchewan, Canada: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Torch River beside Highway 106 at access road, 30 kilometers north of Highway 55 at Smeaton, 30 Jul 1988, by IM Smith, IMS880054A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Torch River at end of forest access road, 10 kilometers north of Highway 55 at Love, 30 Jul 1988, by IM Smith, IMS880056  • Texas, USA: 2 ♀ from Bandera County, Vanderpool, beside Route 187, Sabinal River (29°48'10"N, 99°34'30"W), 2 May 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090007  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Kinney County, Brackettville, beside Route 90, 12.1 kilometers west of Route 131, Pinto Creek (29°20'6"N, 100°32'5"W), 28 Sep 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940025  • 1 ♀ from Uvalde County, Garner State Park, Frio River (29°35'22"N, 99°44'12"W), 28 May 1998, by IM Smith, IMS980027A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Val Verde County, Bakers Crossing Campground off Route 163, Devils River (29°58'N, 101°9'W), 5 Oct 1999, by IM Smith, IMS990061A  • 2 ♀ from Val Verde County, Dolan Falls Preserve, Devils River (29°53'12"N, 100°59'37"W), 24 May 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110013  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Val Verde County, Dolan Falls Preserve, Snake Spring (29°53'43"N, 100°58'58"W), 25 May 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110015  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bath County, Jackson River, beside Forest Route 1843 (continuation of Route 623), 3.5 kilometers south of Route 220, 16 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900100  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Scott County, North Fork Holston River, beside Route 58/421, 0.9 kilometers east of Route 709 at Hiltons, 7 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900080  • West Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Pendleton County, South Branch of the Potomac River, beside Route 28/55, 20.8 kilometers southwest of Route 42, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900104. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (34 ♀; 20 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola irapalpa are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. irapalpa can be differentiated from  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa , and  T. ivyae by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.81-2.09 in  T. irapalpa , 2.19-2.77 in others) and a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.66-3.39 in  T. irapalpa ; 3.56-4.32 in others).  T. irapalpa can be differentiated from  T. gnoma by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.81-2.09 in  T. irapalpa , 2.65-3.29 in  T. gnoma ; ♂ = 1.58-1.86 in  T. irapalpa , 2.06-2.73 in  T. gnoma ) and by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. irapalpa can be differentiated from  T. raptor by having less elongate tibiae (length/width ♀ = 4.09-5.67 in  T. irapalpa , 6.00-7.54 in  T. raptor ; ♂ = 4.25-4.75 in  T. irapalpa , 5.29-5.63 in  T. raptor ); less elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/height = 2.52-2.90 in  T. irapalpa , 2.98-3.27 in  T. raptor ); and by dorsal pattern.  T. irapalpa can be differentiated from  T. danielleae by having Dgl-4 further from the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = ♀ = 1.81-2.09 in  T. irapalpa , 1.57-1.70 in  T. danielleae ; ♂ = 1.58-1.86 in  T. irapalpa , 1.42-1.52 in  T. danielleae ); a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.66-3.39 in  T. irapalpa , 3.43-3.75 in  T. danielleae ); and by dorsal coloration and pattern. Female  T. irapalpa can be differentiated from female  T. daemon by having Dgl-4 further from the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 ♀ = 1.81-2.09 in  T. irapalpa , 1.59-1.67 in  T. daemon ) and a less elongate gnathosomal bay (length/width ♀ = 1.35-1.86 in  T. irapalpa , 1.95-2.42 in  T. daemon ). Male  T. irapalpa can be differentiated from male  T. daemon by dorsal coloration and pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 103) (n = 9) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (575-710 (610) long; 465-580 (475) wide) circular with navy blue to bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with bold orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (132.5-160 (137.5) long; 52.5-67.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155-197.5 (177.5) long; 67.5-87.5 (77.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 465-580 (475)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.28 (1.28); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.81-2.09 (1.90); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.12-2.52 (2.20); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.17-2.39 (2.29); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.17-1.42 (1.29).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-360 (340) long (ventral); 219-270 (270) long (dorsal); 125-157.5 (145) tall) with faint navy blue to bluish-purple coloration, sometimes colorless. Rostrum (126.25-152.5 (142.5) long; 55-76 (65) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (245-360 (360) long) with curved fangs (55-75 (65) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.29-2.57 (2.34); rostrum length/width 2.66-3.39 (3.17). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with long tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-52.5 (45) long); femur (115-132.5 (132.5) long); genu (65-80 (72.5) long); tibia (100-117.5 (102.5) long; 17.5-20 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.66-1.89 (1.83); tibia/femur 0.77-0.89 (0.77); tibia length/width 4.09-5.67 (4.82).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-870 (770) long; 508-743 (550) wide) with navy blue to bluish purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-165 (165) long; 87.5-120 (90) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (10-22.5 (15) long). Genital plates (155-175 (175) long; 140-162.5 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (266-334 (310) long (total); 103-156 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (332-487 (375) wide); anterior venter (156-197.5 (182.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.35-1.86 (1.83); anterior venter/genital field length 0.99-1.18 (1.04); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.06-1.27 (1.22); anterior venter/medial suture 8.56-15.63 (12.17).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 104) (n = 8) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (520-620 (560) long; 400-490 (435) wide) circular with navy blue to bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with bold orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (115-150 (140) long; 55-67.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-188.75 (187.5) long; 62.5-77.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 220-310 (250)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.26-1.30 (1.29); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-41.58-1.86 (1.74); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.48 (2.24); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.60 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.22-1.41 (1.34).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-340 (310) long (ventral); 207-240 (240) long (dorsal); 105-132.5 (107.5) tall) with faint navy blue to bluish-purple coloration, sometimes colorless. Rostrum (112.5-137.5 (135) long; 40-47.5 (40) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (252-305 (305) long) with curved fangs (51-60 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.52-2.90 (2.88); rostrum length/width 2.81-3.38 (3.38). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with long tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-50 (42.5) long); femur (107.5-123.75 (115) long); genu (60-70 (67.5) long); tibia (87.5-108.75 (95) long; 20-25 (20) wide); tarsus (18.75-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.70-1.83 (1.70); tibia/femur 0.81-0.91 (0.83); tibia length/width 4.25-4.75 (4.75).</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-705 (690) long; 490-540 (500) wide) with navy blue to bluish purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (135-177.5 (146.25) long; 75-95 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (50-75 (75) long). Genital plates (127.5-158.75 (143.75) long; 100-137.5 (122.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-290 (290) long (total); 137-155 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (323-360 (345) wide); anterior venter (215-255 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.42-2.06 (1.95); anterior venter/genital field length 1.51-1.75 (1.70); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.78-2.20 (2.00); anterior venter/medial suture 3.27-4.40 (3.27).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  irapalpa ) refers to the pedipalps of this species, which resemble ferocious weapons of wrath (ira, L. fury, rage, wrath; palpus, L. hand, feeler). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Primarily eastern (Figure 102), but note that  T. irapalpa is one of few  Torrenticola found in the Great Plains, at least in the south (Texas) and north (Saskatchewan). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola irapalpa groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. irapalpa groups with  T. gnoma with high support, but the position of this clade was not recovered. These species are greater than 9% from each other. Based upon overall similarity, distribution, and phylogenetic position, this species is placed within the Raptor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A4005F3A3258B383069F3A7EDCCB0A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
7F32B68934AC97A78B27EFFE72817CDA.text	7F32B68934AC97A78B27EFFE72817CDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola ivyae Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola ivyae Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Florida, Polk County, beside Rt. 471 at junction of Pasco, Polk and Sumter County lines, (28°19'19"N, 82°4'4"W), 24 April 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920003</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 5 ♂): Florida, USA: 2 ♀ from Hillsborough County, beside Rt. 41/301 near Hillsborough River State Park, south of Zephyrhills, (28°10'10"N, 82°12'12"W), 24 April 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920001  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Pasco County, beside Rt. 39 just north of Crystal Springs, (28°11'11"N, 82°10'10"W), 27 April 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920011  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Polk County, beside Rt. 471 at junction of Pasco, Polk and Sumter County lines, (28°19'19"N, 82°4'4"W), 24 April 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920003  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Polk County, beside Rucks Dairy Road 1.3 km south of Lake Arbuckle Road, (27°42'42"N, 81°26'26"W), 25 April 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920004 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (3 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ivyae are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae , and  T. daemon ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. ivyae can be differentiated from  T. gnoma ,  T. elusiva ,  T. danielleae , and  T. daemon by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width ♀ = 4.00-4.15 in  T. ivyae , 2.74-3.75 in others; ♂ = 3.85-4.08 in  T. ivyae , 2.56-3.57 in others) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 5.07-5.64 in  T. ivyae , 4.05-5.00 in others, ♂ = 4.75-5.20 in  T. ivyae , 3.88-4.44 in others).  T. ivyae can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae , and  T. daemon by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.20-2.75 in  T. ivyae , 1.42-2.09 in others).  T. ivyae can be differentiated from  T. longitibia (known only from males) by femur/genu (1.83-1.88 in  T. ivyae , 2.1-2.17 in  T. longitibia ) and having less elongate tibiae (length/width = 4.75-5.20 in  T. ivyae , 5.50-5.50 in  T. longitibia ). Female  T. ivyae can be differentiated from female  T. racupalpa by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 4.00-4.15 in  T. ivyae , 3.56-3.82 in  T. racupalpa ) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 5.07-5.64 in  T. ivyae , 4.44-5.00 in  T. racupalpa ). Male  T. ivyae can be differentiated from male  T. racupalpa by having a longer anterior venter (♂ 220-230 in  T. ivyae , 200-205 in  T. racupalpa ) and a shorter genital field (♂ 142-148 in  T. ivyae , 160-165 in  T. racupalpa ). Female  T. ivyae can be differentiated from female  T. mjolniri by having a smaller dorsum (length ♀ = 550-590 in  T. ivyae , 605-640 in  T. mjolniri ; width ♀ = 460-500 in  T. ivyae , 510-545 in  T. mjolniri ) and a shorter anterior venter (♀ 155-170 in  T. ivyae , 180-195 in  T. mjolniri ). Male  T. ivyae can be differentiated from male  T. mjolniri by having a less elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 2.57-2.75 in  T. ivyae , 2.82-3.00 in  T. mjolniri ). Additionally,  T. ivyae can be differentiated from  T. mjolniri by being found in Florida (  T. ivyae is known from the northeast). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 106) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-590 (580) long; 460-500 (495) wide) circular with reddish-purple coloration anteriorly and posteriorly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (120-135 (120) long; 60-62.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-180 (165) long; 65-75 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scars than to the edge of the dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 180-195 (180)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.16-1.20 (1.17); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.42-2.75 (2.75); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.92-2.25 (1.92); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.20-2.62 (2.20); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.26-1.38 (1.38).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-325 (325) long (ventral); 232.5-257.5 (247.5) long (dorsal); 115-127.5 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (130-145 (145) long; 32.5-35 (35) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (315-340 (335) long) with curved fangs (55-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.55-2.71 (2.71); rostrum length/width 4.00-4.15 (4.14). Pedipalps elongate with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-46.25 (45) long); femur (117.5-125 (125) long); genu (65-67.5 (65) long); tibia (91.25-100 (95) long; 17.5-18.75 (18.75) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.81-1.92 (1.92); tibia/femur 0.76-0.83 (0.76); tibia length/width 5.07-5.64 (5.07).</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-755 (750) long; 490-540 (540) wide) with reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (150-175 (165) long; 67.5-75 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (25-25 (25) long). Genital plates (150-165 (157.5) long; 142.5-150 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-300 (300) long (total); 120-145 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-335 (325) wide); anterior venter (155-170 (170) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.44 (2.28); anterior venter/genital field length 0.94-1.13 (1.08); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.03-1.19 (1.13); anterior venter/medial suture 6.20-6.80 (6.80).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 107) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (530-550 (550) long; 390-450 (420) wide) circular with reddish-purple coloration anteriorly and posteriorly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-135 (130) long; 55-62.5 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-190 (160) long; 60-75 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scars than to the edge of the dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 165-205 (180)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.19-1.36 (1.31); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.20-2.39 (2.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.45 (2.26); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.27-2.92 (2.67); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.23-1.46 (1.23).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (295-302.5 (300) long (ventral); 220-230 (220) long (dorsal); 110-115 (110) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-132.5 (130) long; 32.5-32.5 (32.5) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (295-305 (295) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.57-2.75 (2.73); rostrum length/width 3.85-4.08 (4.00). Pedipalps elongate with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (40) long); femur (110-112.5 (110) long); genu (60-60 (60) long); tibia (90-97.5 (90) long; 17.5-20 (17.5) wide); tarsus (15-16.25 (16.25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.83-1.88 (1.83); tibia/femur 0.82-0.87 (0.82); tibia length/width 4.75-5.20 (5.14).</p>
            <p>Venter - (625-700 (700) long; 470-500 (470) wide) with reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (140-150 (142.5) long; 62.5-72.5 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (60-80 (75) long). Genital plates (142.5-147.5 (145) long; 112.5-125 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-290 (280) long (total); 125-145 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (310-330 (310) wide); anterior venter (220-230 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.93-2.36 (2.19); anterior venter/genital field length 1.52-1.59 (1.59); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.76-2.00 (1.92); anterior venter/medial suture 2.75-3.67 (3.07).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  ivyae ) named in honor of Ivy Fisher, our (JRF and DMF) beautiful daughter, who was born in Florida, the type locality. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Florida (Figure 105).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola ivyae and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, elongate subcapitular rostra, elongate pedipalpal tibiae, and Dgl-4 close to the muscle scars, are consistent with placing this species in the Raptor Complex and Raptor Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F32B68934AC97A78B27EFFE72817CDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
CE1105A2125662200413D784B3DE7C1D.text	CE1105A2125662200413D784B3DE7C1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola karambita Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola karambita Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125, DNA 1758.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (1 ♀; 3 ♂): 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125, DNA 1846  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (1 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola karambita is similar to other members of the Erectirostra Group (  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni ) in having an upturned rostrum that is wide when viewed ventrally.  T. karambita can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni by lacking coloration (  T. erectirostra has purplish dorsal coloration) and a slightly stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.57-1.62 in  T. karambita , 1.72-2.09 in others; ♂ = 1.6-1.95 in  T. karambita , 2.0-2.2 in  T. erectirostra ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 109) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (690-725 (690) long; 490-500 (490) wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (145-162.5 (145) long; 65-75 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (217.5-220 (217.5) long; 80-82.5 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 340-360 (340)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.41-1.45 (1.41); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.44 (1.44); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.17-2.23 (2.23); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.64-2.75 (2.64); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.50 (1.50).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325-350 (325) long (ventral); 229-254 (229) long (dorsal); 135-135 (135) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-117.5 (110) long; 70-72.5 (70) wide) wide and unturned with dentation. Chelicerae (320-329 (321) long) with curved fangs (40-52 (41) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.41-2.59 (2.41); rostrum length/width 1.57-1.62 (1.57). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with short tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (52.5-55 (52.5) long); femur (101.25-105 (101.25) long); genu (65-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (55-57.5 (55) long; 30-30 (30) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.50-1.62 (1.50); tibia/femur 0.54-0.55 (0.54); tibia length/width 1.83-1.92 (1.83).</p>
            <p>Venter - (850-850 (850) long; 595-607 (607) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (170-172.5 (172.5) long; 125-130 (130) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (15-17.5 (15) long). Genital plates (195-197.5 (195) long; 165-175 (165) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (336-348 (336) long (total); 159-175 (174) long (medial)); Cx-3 (415-441 (415) wide); anterior venter (202.5-222.5 (202.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.33-1.36 (1.33); anterior venter/genital field length 1.04-1.13 (1.04); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.23-1.27 (1.23); anterior venter/medial suture 12.71-13.50 (13.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 110) (n = 3) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (610-655 (610) long; 410-440 (420) wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (133.75-145 (133.75) long; 65-67.5 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (205-217.5 (207.5) long; 75-77.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-330 (290)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.44-1.60 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.45 (1.45); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.06-2.19 (2.06); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.65-2.81 (2.77); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.44-1.55 (1.55).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-290 (290) long (ventral); 202-210 (202) long (dorsal); 108.75-115 (112.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (97.5-102.5 (97.5) long; 52.5-60 (60) wide) wide and unturned with dentation. Chelicerae (268-269 (269) long) with curved fangs (43-52 (47) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.48-2.67 (2.58); rostrum length/width 1.63-1.95 (1.63). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with short tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-48.75 (47.5) long); femur (87.5-95 (95) long); genu (57.5-62.5 (62.5) long); tibia (55-57.5 (57.5) long; 27.5-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.44-1.52 (1.52); tibia/femur 0.61-0.63 (0.61); tibia length/width 2.00-2.09 (2.09).</p>
            <p>Venter - (760-785 (760) long; 490-521 (512) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (165-175 (165) long; 105-107.5 (107.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (70-77.5 (77.5) long). Genital plates (156.25-167.5 (157.5) long; 120-125 (125) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (284-320 (284) long (total); 115-154 (116) long (medial)); Cx-3 (366-373 (372) wide); anterior venter (247.5-248.75 (248.75) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.53-1.67 (1.53); anterior venter/genital field length 1.48-1.58 (1.58); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.99-2.06 (1.99); anterior venter/medial suture 3.19-3.54 (3.21).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  karambita ) refers to the upturned rostrum that has dentation on both sides in females, which resembles a karambit-small, recurved knives used in the Filipino martial arts practiced by JRF. The karambit is thought to have originated with the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra based upon a similarity to a  tiger’s claws. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sevier County, Tennessee (Figure 108).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola karambita groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support in all analyses and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. karambita groups with two other species that share the modified subcapitulum with upturned rostrum:  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni . These species are greater than 9% different from each other. Based upon overall similarity, distribution, and phylogenetic position, these species are placed within the Erectirostra Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1105A2125662200413D784B3DE7C1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
2DFA012C5FE5127F31DB73395C4E76C3.text	2DFA012C5FE5127F31DB73395C4E76C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola keesdavidsi Cramer 1992	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola keesdavidsi Cramer, 1992</p>
            <p> Torrenticola keesdavidsi Cramer, 1992: 17. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> (6 ♀; 10 ♂). Arizona, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; beside Forest Road 42 near junction with Forest Road 42B, (31°55'55"N, 109°15'15"W), 16 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870093A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; Sycamore Campground east of Sunizona, (31°52'52"N, 109°20'20"W), 15 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870091  • 3 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; Cave Creek Recreation Area; John Hands Picnic Area off Forest Road 42A west of Portal, (31°53'53"N, 109°13'13"W), 15 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870092A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon; beside Rt. 89A just north of Pine Flat Campground, (35°1'1"N, 111°44'44"W), 21 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870099A  • 1 ♀ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon; beside Rt. 89A between Bootlegger and Banjo Bill Campgrounds, (34°58'58"N, 111°45'45"W), 21 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870100B  • 1 ♂ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon; beside Rt. 89A just north of Pine Flat Campground, (35°1'1"N, 111°44'44"W), 21 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870099B  • New Mexico, USA: 2 ♀ from Catron County, Glenwood; Whitewater Picnic Area 8 km east of Rt. 180, (33°22'22"N, 108°50'50"W), 12 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084  • 2 ♂ from Catron County, beside Rt. 15, 65 km north of Rt. 180 (Silver City), (33°12'12"N, 108°13'13"W), 10 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081A  • 1 ♂ from Catron County, beside Rt. 15, 65 km north of Rt. 180 (Silver City), (33°12'12"N, 108°13'13"W), 10 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081B. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p> Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in coll. Cristina Cramer, Instituto de  Biología , UNAM. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola keesdavidsi are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. rala ,  T. lamellipalpis ,  T. boettgeri ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. dolichodactyla , and  T. anoplopalpa ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  T. keesdavidsi can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a shorter dorsum (length ♀ = 555-605 in  T. keesdavidsi , 630-800 in others; ♂ = 500-590 in  T. keesdavidsi , 600-780 in others) and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on the femora (others are lacking extensions, have tuberculate extensions, or flat, wide lamellate extensions). Additionally,  T. keesdavidsi can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 4.50-5.20 in  T. keesdavidsi , 1.75-3.38 in others), except  T. lamellipalpis (4.32-4.94). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 112) (n = 5) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (555-605 long; 450-495 wide) circular and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (135-137.5 long; 50-60 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (180-192.5 long; 70-80 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 315-335). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.21-1.31; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.41-1.48; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.25-2.70; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.38-2.75; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.43.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (312.5-327.5 long (ventral); 222.5-240 long (dorsal); 97.5-105 tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-130 long; 35-37.5 wide). Chelicerae (295-310 long) with curved fangs (45-50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.07-3.21; rostrum length/width 3.33-3.57. Pedipalps with dentate, flanged ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-37.5 long); femur (105-110 long); genu (55-57.5 long); tibia (90-95 long; 18.75-20 wide); tarsus (15-17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.91-2.00; tibia/femur 0.84-0.88; tibia length/width 4.50-4.93.</p>
            <p>Venter - (695-755 long; 510-560 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145-150 long; 67.5-80 wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (35-55 long). Genital plates (162.5-175 long; 152.5-160 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (285-295 long (total); 140-150 long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-330 wide); anterior venter (192.5-222.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.88-2.19; anterior venter/genital field length 1.18-1.29; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.26-1.44; anterior venter/medial suture 4.05-5.50.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 113) (n = 5) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500-590 long; 410-450 wide) circular and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (120-130 long; 55-60 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-190 long; 65-75 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-320). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.21-1.33; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.48; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.09-2.27; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.33-2.71; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.32-1.48.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (280-310 long (ventral); 202.5-230 long (dorsal); 85-105 tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5-125 long; 32.5-35 wide). Chelicerae (260-297.5 long) with curved fangs (40-50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.81-3.29; rostrum length/width 3.29-3.57. Pedipalps with dentate, flanged ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-35 long); femur (97.5-110 long); genu (50-56.25 long); tibia (87.5-97.5 long; 17.5-20 wide); tarsus (15-17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.84-1.96; tibia/femur 0.86-0.95; tibia length/width 4.81-5.20.</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-720 long; 460-510 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (130-152.5 long; 60-75 wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (80-95 long). Genital plates (140-155 long; 115-125 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-280 long (total); 130-150 long (medial)); Cx-3 (280-340 wide); anterior venter (225-260 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.93-2.17; anterior venter/genital field length 1.55-1.86; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.96-2.17; anterior venter/medial suture 2.61-2.89.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Cramer (1992) named this species in honor of Kees Davids "as an acknowledgement of his great contributions to acarology and aquatic ecology" (translated from Spanish).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southwest (Arizona and New Mexico), extending southward into Mexico (Figure 111).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola keesdavidsi and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were also unable to examine type material. However, we were able to examine new material from Arizona and New Mexico that fits well within the species hypothesis proposed by Cramer (1992). The overall appearance, incomplete hind coxal margins, distribution, and lack of color place this species in the Rala Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2DFA012C5FE5127F31DB73395C4E76C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
3568A3D5D2E55937C17429283D9881A8.text	3568A3D5D2E55937C17429283D9881A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola kittatinniana Habeeb 1955	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola kittatinniana Habeeb, 1955</p>
            <p> Torrenticola kittatinniana Habeeb, 1955: 2. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, New Jersey, Sussex County, Little Flatbrook, north of Bevans, 12 Oct 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530110.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀ and 0 ♂): New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ (ALLOTYPE) from Morris County, Brook, Brookside, 20 May 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530045.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and paratypes (1 ♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola kittatinniana are similar to other members of the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ) and  T. skvarlai in having anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate, dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and indistinct hind coxal margins. Female  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from female  T. dunni by having shorter pedipalpal genua (64 in  T. kittatinniana , 70-75 in  T. dunni ); a shorter subcapitulum (ventral length = 310 in  T. kittatinniana , 330-355 in  T. dunni ); and stockier anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.83 in  T. kittatinniana , 2.33-2.54 in  T. dunni ). Male  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from male  T. dunni by having a shorter anterior venter (235 in  T. kittatinniana , 277-285 in  T. dunni ) and thinner dorsum (340 in  T. kittatinniana , 350-370 in  T. dunni ).  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from  T. pollani by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.71-3.16 in  T. kittatinniana , 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani ) and stockier tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.3 in  T. kittatinniana , 3.8-4.2 in  T. pollani ; ♂ = 2.80 in  T. kittatinniana , 3.4-3.8 in  T. pollani ). Female  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from female  T. shubini by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.16 in  T. kittatinniana , 2.5-2.7 in  T. shubini ) and a shorter subcapitulum (125 in  T. kittatinniana , 140-145 in  T. shubini ). Male  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from male  T. shubini by having a longer dorsum (500 in  T. kittatinniana , 400-465 in  T. shubini ) and a longer genital field (115 in  T. kittatinniana , 90-108 in  T. shubini ).  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from  T. glomerabilis by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.2-1.4 in  T. kittatinniana , 1.5-1.7 in  T. glomerabilis ) and stockier tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.3 in  T. kittatinniana , 4.11-4.5 in  T. glomerabilis ; ♂ = 2.8 in  T. kittatinniana , 3.5-4.4 in  T. glomerabilis ).  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from  T. rufoalba by having a longer dorsum (♀ = 640 in  T. kittatinniana , 550 in  T. rufoalba ; ♂ = 500 in  T. kittatinniana , 440 in  T. rufoalba ) and more elongate anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.83-2.88 in  T. kittatinniana , 2.45-2.61 in  T. rufoalba ). Additionally, male  T. kittatinniana have a longer anterior venter (235 in  T. kittatinniana , 195 in  T. rufoalba ).  T. kittatinniana can be differentiated from  T. skvarlai by having a conical pedipalpal femoral tubercle, whereas  T. skvarlai has a broad and flat pedipalpal femoral tubercle, and by having a longer anterior venter (♀ = 165 in  T. kittatinniana , 140-152.5 in  T. skvarlai ; ♂ = 235 in  T. kittatinniana , 177.5-205 in  T. skvarlai ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 115) (n = 1) (allotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550 long; 400 wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions bordered with orange. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5 long; 41.25 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (168.75 long; 55 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.57; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.61; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.07; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.57.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma- Subcapitulum (310 long (ventral); 235 long (dorsal); 127.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (130 long; 42.5 wide). Chelicerae (315 long) with curved fangs (62.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.43; rostrum length/width 3.06. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5 long); femur (115 long); genu (65 long); tibia (87.5 long; 25 wide); tarsus (17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.77; tibia/femur 0.76; tibia length/width 3.50.</p>
            <p>Venter - (640 long; 450 wide) mostly colorless with faint purple coloration in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (142.5 long; 92.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5 long). Genital plates (167.5 long; 155 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (125 long (total); 125 long (medial)); Cx-3 (335 wide); anterior venter (155 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.54; anterior venter/genital field length 0.93; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00; anterior venter/medial suture 8.86.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 116) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500 long; 340 wide) ovoid with purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions bordered with orange. Anterio-medial platelets (90 long; 31.25 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (140 long; 47.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.47; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.21; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.88; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.95; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.56.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (237.5 long (ventral); 180 long (dorsal); 100 tall) colorless. Rostrum (95 long; 35 wide). Chelicerae (222.5 long) with curved fangs (45 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.38; rostrum length/width 2.71. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5 long); femur (87.5 long); genu (57.5 long); tibia (70 long; 25 wide); tarsus (17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.52; tibia/femur 0.80; tibia length/width 2.80.</p>
            <p>Venter - (600 long; 435 wide) mostly colorless with faint purple coloration in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (107.5 long; 72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (102.5 long). Genital plates (115 long; 82.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (235 long (total); 125 long (medial)); Cx-3 (285 wide); anterior venter (235 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.48; anterior venter/genital field length 2.04; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.85; anterior venter/medial suture 2.29.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1955) did not specify an explanation for the specific epithet (  kittatinniana ). However, we suspect it refers to the type locality, which is located in the Great Kittatinny Valley, which is named for Kittatinny Mountain in northwestern New Jersey, a northern extension of the Appalachian Ridge and Valley province. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Northern New Jersey (Figure 114).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire more specimens of  Torrenticola kittatinniana and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were able to examine the type specimens. Based upon overall similarity, fusion of the posterio-lateral platelets with the dorsal plate, and distribution, this species clearly groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex and we are able to place it within the Eastern 4-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3568A3D5D2E55937C17429283D9881A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
B18D1A316B2968C9B3E6E7DA203477D1.text	B18D1A316B2968C9B3E6E7DA203477D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola kringi Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola kringi Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Texas, Tyler County, Spurger; beside Farm Road 1013, 8.2 km west of Rt. 92, (30°41'41"N, 94°15'15"W), 30 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940027A.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): Texas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Tyler County, Spurger; beside Farm Road 1013, 8.2 km west of Rt. 92, (30°41'41"N, 94°15'15"W), 30 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940027A  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Tyler, Spurger; beside Farm Road 1013, 8.2 km west of Rt. 92, (30°41'41"N, 94°15'15"W), 30 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940027A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola kringi are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. kringi can be differentiated from most  Torrenticola , including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern of a large anterior dorsal spot. The only other species with this pattern is  T. ululata , which, like all  Rusetria 2-Plates, have anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate and  T. unimaculata , which has a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.6-3.2 in  T. kringi , 1.9-2.2 in  T. unimaculata ).  T. kringi are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (  T. larvata ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia , and  T. mohawk ).  T. kringi can be further differentiated from all other members of the Tricolor Complex by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.67-3.13 in  T. kringi , 1.29-2.59). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 118) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-580 (580) long; 460-500 (490) wide) circular with coloration restricted to a single dark spot anteriorly (occasionally extending medially), with an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. Anterio-medial platelets (125-145 (145) long; 60-70 (70) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-185 (185) long; 65-75 (75) wide) free to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 335-365 (350)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.15-1.20 (1.18); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26-1.46 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.25 (2.07); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.29-2.69 (2.47); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19-1.40 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (290-302.5 (300) long (ventral); 215-227.5 (227.5) long (dorsal); 117.5-125 (125) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-130 (125) long; 40-45 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (275-300 (290) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.34-2.47 (2.40); rostrum length/width 2.67-3.13 (2.94). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (41.25) long); femur (107.5-112.5 (112.5) long); genu (72.5-77.5 (77.5) long); tibia (91.25-97.5 (96.25) long; 27.5-28.75 (28.75) wide); tarsus (25-26.25 (25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.43-1.48 (1.45); tibia/femur 0.85-0.89 (0.86); tibia length/width 3.32-3.55 (3.35).</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-690 (680) long; 500-530 (525) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-152.5 (145) long; 75-82.5 (82.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (22.5-30 (30) long). Genital plates (165-180 (180) long; 150-160 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-270 (270) long (total); 110-130 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-345 (345) wide); anterior venter (145-170 (170) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.67-1.94 (1.76); anterior venter/genital field length 0.85-0.97 (0.94); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.92-1.07 (1.06); anterior venter/medial suture 5.17-6.44 (5.67).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 119) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (480-560 (510) long; 395-465 (420) wide) circular with coloration restricted to a single dark spot anteriorly (occasionally extending medially), with an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. Anterio-medial platelets (110-130 (117.5) long; 52.5-65 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (140-170 (150) long; 50-75 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 285-350 (315)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.19-1.30 (1.21); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.39 (1.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.96-2.27 (2.04); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.27-2.80 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.27-1.31 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (240-275 (260) long (ventral); 177.5-210 (195) long (dorsal); 90-105 (100) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-115 (110) long; 35-40 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (225-270 (260) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.55-2.75 (2.60); rostrum length/width 2.81-2.93 (2.93). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-38.75 (37.5) long); femur (85-101.25 (97.5) long); genu (60-71.25 (67.5) long); tibia (70-82.5 (77.5) long; 23.75-27.5 (26.25) wide); tarsus (22.5-25 (23.75) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.36-1.44 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.79-0.87 (0.79); tibia length/width 2.95-3.14 (2.95).</p>
            <p>Venter - (590-695 (640) long; 440-510 (470) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (100-130 (115) long; 62.5-77.5 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (85-100 (85) long). Genital plates (115-130 (125) long; 95-105 (100) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (220-270 (250) long (total); 120-150 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (275-325 (305) wide); anterior venter (220-255 (240) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.53-1.79 (1.53); anterior venter/genital field length 1.87-1.96 (1.92); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.32-2.43 (2.40); anterior venter/medial suture 2.44-2.83 (2.82).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  kringi ) named in honor of Tim Kring, Department Head of Entomology at Virginia Tech, who was a member of  JRF’s Ph.D. committee. His friendship, humor, advice, and student-focused approach has been a great influence to JRF. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern Texas (Figure 117).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola kringi and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, conical rostrum that is downturned in males, and distribution, are consistent with placing this species in the Tricolor Complex and among eastern members of the Tricolor Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B18D1A316B2968C9B3E6E7DA203477D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
746F1C46554494C6236037EB4300F692.text	746F1C46554494C6236037EB4300F692.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola kurtvietsi Cramer 1992	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola kurtvietsi Cramer, 1992</p>
            <p> Torrenticola kurtvietsi Cramer, 1992: 24. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> (9 ♀; 3 ♂). Arizona, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; Cave Creek Recreation Area; John Hands Picnic Area off Forest Road 42A west of Portal, (31°53'53"N, 109°13'13"W), 15 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870092A  • 2 ♀ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; Cave Creek Recreation Area; John Hands Picnic Area off Forest Road 42A west of Portal, (31°53'53"N, 109°13'13"W), 15 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870092B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; beside Forest Road 42 near junction with Forest Road 42B, (31°55'55"N, 109°15'15"W), 16 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870093A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; Cave Creek Recreation Area; Stewart Campground beside Forest Road 42 west of Portal, (31°53'53"N, 109°10'10"W), 16 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870094  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains; Sycamore Campground east of Sunizona, (31°52'52"N, 109°20'20"W), 15 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870091  • Mexico, Mexico: 1 ♀ from beside Hwy. 134 at Km 29, (19°59'59"N, 103°30'30"W), 7 May 1985, by IM Smith &amp; C Cramer, IMS850138  • 1 ♀ from beside Hwy. 134 at Km 30, (21°0'0"N, 101°51'51"W), 14 May 1985, by IM Smith &amp; C Cramer, IMS850139 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p> Holotype (♀), and allotype (♂), deposited in Cristina  Cramer’s collection at the Instituto de  Biología , UNAM. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola kurtvietsi are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. rala ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. boettgeri ,  T. lamellipalpis ,  T. dolichodactyla , and  T. anoplopalpa ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  T. kurtvietsi can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a more elongate gnathosomal bay (length/width = 4.47-5.43 in  T. kurtvietsi , 1.48-2.73 in others), except  T. boettgeri (3.85-5.00); and stockier pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 1.75-2.00 in  T. kurtvietsi , 2.71-5.20 in others), except  T. boettgeri (1.86-2.14).  T. kurtvietsi can be differentiated from  T. boettgeri by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.29-1.42 in  T. kurtvietsi , 1.74-1.82 in  T. boettgeri ) and a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 2.51-2.70 in  T. kurtvietsi , 1.96-2.07 in  T. boettgeri ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 121) (n = 5) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (680-730 long; 510-560 wide) circular with light pink coloration without a distinct pattern or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (135-150 long; 60-70 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (185-215 long; 75-80 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 360-410). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.34; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.34-1.44; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.07-2.25; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.47-2.80; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.48.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-332.5 long (ventral); 205-230 long (dorsal); 115-132.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (105-112.5 long; 35-35 wide). Chelicerae (325-360 long) with curved fangs (45-55 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.51-2.70; rostrum length/width 3.00-3.21. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-35 long); femur 78.75-87.5 long); genu (57.5-62.5 long); tibia (35-40 long; 20-20 wide); tarsus (12.5-15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.37-1.48; tibia/femur 0.41-0.47; tibia length/width 1.75-2.00.</p>
            <p>Venter - (840-915 long; 610-650 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (180-205 long; 35-42.5 wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (40-47.5 long). Genital plates (185-195 long; 165-177.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (340-360 long (total); 150-180 long (medial)); Cx-3 (370-390 wide); anterior venter (210-225 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 4.75-5.43; anterior venter/genital field length 1.08-1.18; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.18-1.33; anterior venter/medial suture 4.53-5.25.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 122) (n = 4) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (610-650 long; 450-470 wide) circular with light pink coloration without a distinct pattern or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (140-150 long; 62.5-65 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-205 long; 70-75 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 345-360). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.31-1.42; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.35; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.19-2.31; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.67-2.79; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.46.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (297.5-310 long (ventral); 205-215 long (dorsal); 112.5-115 tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-107.5 long; 35-35 wide). Chelicerae (325-355 long) with curved fangs (50-50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.64-2.70; rostrum length/width 2.86-3.07. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (27.5-35 long); femur (75-82.5 long); genu (57.5-60 long); tibia (36.25-38.75 long; 18.75-21.25 wide); tarsus (10-15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.29-1.43; tibia/femur 0.45-0.48; tibia length/width 1.81-2.00.</p>
            <p>Venter - (785-815 long; 530-540 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (185-195 long; 40-42.5 wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (100-120 long). Genital plates (175-185 long; 135-140 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (340-350 long (total); 150-170 long (medial)); Cx-3 (360-370 wide); anterior venter (287.5-307.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 4.47-4.81; anterior venter/genital field length 1.58-1.71; anterior venter length/genital field width 135-140; anterior venter/medial suture 2.40-3.00.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Cramer (1992) named this species in honor of Kurt O. Viets "in recognition of his great contribution to the knowledge of aquatic mites and especially for his invaluable efforts in bringing together the world catalog on this subject" (translated from Spanish).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern Arizona (probably also western New Mexico), extending south into Mexico (Figure 120).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola kurtvietsi and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were also unable to examine type material. However, we were able to examine new material from Arizona and Mexico. Based upon overall similarity, incomplete hind coxal margins, distribution, and lack of coloration, this species fits within our concept of the Rala Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/746F1C46554494C6236037EB4300F692	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
27929BE26BCDF5D5DEF4FB80CD2FA939.text	27929BE26BCDF5D5DEF4FB80CD2FA939.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola lamellipalpis K. O. Viets 1977	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola lamellipalpis K.O. Viets, 1977</p>
            <p> Torrenticola lamellipalpis K.O. Viets, 1977b: 534. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> (5 ♀; 4 ♂). New Mexico, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Catron County, beside Rt. 15, 65 km north of Rt. 180 (Silver City), (33°12'12"N, 108°13'13"W), 10 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081A  • 2 ♀ from Catron County, beside Rt. 15 just below mouth of Little Creek, (33°12'12"N, 108°13'13"W), 11 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870083A  • 2 ♂ from Catron County, Glenwood; Whitewater Picnic Area 8 km east of Rt. 180, (33°22'22"N, 108°50'50"W), 12 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084  • 1 ♀ from Grant County, Gila River Recreation Area beside Rt. 15 at Grapevine Recreation Area north of Silver City, (33°11'11"N, 108°12'12"W), 11 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870082B. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in coll. Kurt Otto Viets, Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt, Germany.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola lamellipalpis are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. rala ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. boettgeri ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. dolichodactyla , and  T. anoplopalpa ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  T. lamellipalpis can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a wide, prominent lamellate extension on the pedipalpal femora that extend to the genua (others either without extensions or with tuberculate or flanged, dentate extensions). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 124) (n = 5) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (660-735 long; 425-490 wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (162.5-175 long; 55-57.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (205-225 long; 65-75 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 355-370). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.46-1.60; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.20-1.32; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.87-3.05; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.80-3.35; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.17-1.36.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (440-465 long (ventral); 330-350 long (dorsal); 125-135 tall) colorless. Rostrum (175-187.5 long; 55-60 wide). Chelicerae (390-420 long) with curved fangs (60-65 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.38-3.52; rostrum length/width 3.00-3.41. Pedipalps with wide, prominent lamellate extensions on femora that extends halfway into the genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (55-60 long); femur (145-152.5 long); genu (75-77.5 long); tibia (97.5-102.5 long; 22.5-23.75 wide); tarsus (17.5-20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.90-1.97; tibia/femur 0.66-0.69; tibia length/width 4.32-4.56.</p>
            <p>Venter - (815-930 long; 500-560 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (180-195 long; 80-100 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (35-45 long). Genital plates (185-195 long; 155-165 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (380-390 long (total); 190-200 long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-365 wide); anterior venter (240-260 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.90-2.31; anterior venter/genital field length 1.23-1.38; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.48-1.65; anterior venter/medial suture 5.67-6.86.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 125) (n = 4) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (620-680 long; 400-460 wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (147.5-165 long; 52.5-57.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-217.5 long; 70-77.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-360). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.48-1.58; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.28; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.77-3.14; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.69-3.04; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28-1.32.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (392.5-427.5 long (ventral); 292.5-325 long (dorsal); 112.5-127.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (155-170 long; 50-55 wide). Chelicerae (350-390 long) with curved fangs (55-55 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.29-3.56; rostrum length/width 3.09-3.24. Pedipalps with wide, prominent lamellate extensions on femora that extends halfway into the genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (51.25-55 long); femur (130-135 long); genu (70-77.5 long); tibia (97.5-105 long; 20-22.5 wide); tarsus (17.5-20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.74-1.86; tibia/femur 0.74-0.79; tibia length/width 4.67-4.94.</p>
            <p>Venter - (780-840 long; 450-520 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (170-195 long; 80-90 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (110-130 long). Genital plates (160-180 long; 107.5-127.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (335-370 long (total); 170-185 long (medial)); Cx-3 (325-375 wide); anterior venter (295-325 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.29; anterior venter/genital field length 1.75-1.86; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.47-2.83; anterior venter/medial suture 2.42-2.83.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Viets (1977b) named the specific epithet (  lamellipalpis ) in reference to the "extensive ventral lamella" on the pedipalp femora (  lāmella , L. small plate or flake; palpus, L. hand, feeler). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southwestern New Mexico (probably also found in southeastern Arizona), extending southward into Guatemala (Figure 123).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola lamellipalpis and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. We were also unable to examine type material. However, we were able to examine new material from New Mexico. Based upon overall appearance, incomplete hind coxal margins, distribution, and lack of coloration, we were able to place this species within our concept of the Rala Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/27929BE26BCDF5D5DEF4FB80CD2FA939	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
FB27CB3A82F88DB8ACFA9B608733BEDB.text	FB27CB3A82F88DB8ACFA9B608733BEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola larvata Cheri, Fisher, & Dowling 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola larvata Cheri, Fisher, &amp; Dowling, 2016</p>
            <p> Torrenticola larvata Cherri et al. (2016): 246. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): USA, Arkansas, Polk Co., Bard Springs, Ouachita National Forest, Blaylock Creek (34°23'28.3"N, 94°00'31.8"W), 11 Aug 2009, by AJ Radwell and BG Crump, AJR090307B.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 8 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Polk County, Bard Springs, Ouachita National Forest, Blaylock Creek (34°23'28.3"N, 94°00'31.8"W), 11 Aug 2009, by AJ Radwell and BG Crump, AJR090307B  • 3 ♀ from Polk County, beside Forest Road 38, North of Shady Lake Rec Area, East Saline Creek (34°22'53.4"N, 94°01'51.2"W), 30 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110041  • 1 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita River at Mcguire (34°22'53.4"N, 94°1'51.2"W), 27 Aug 2011, by AJ Radwell, AJR110307  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Garland County, beside Route 7, 3 miles south of Mountain Valley, South Fork of Saline River (34°35'43.3"N, 93°00'45.3"W), 11 May 1977, by DR Cook, DRC770002  • 1 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita River at Pine Ridge (34°34'53.5"N, 93°53'00.9"W), 5 Oct 2007, by AJ Radwell and HW Robison, AJR070300A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (3 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola larvata are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. larvata can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola , including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern.  T. larvata can be further differentiated from  T. bittikoferae ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. kringi , and  T. mohawk by being more elongate (length/width = 1.41-1.57 in  T. larvata ; 1.17-1.39 in others); and from  T. bittikoferae ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.32-2.53 in  T. larvata , 1.56-2.27 in others). </p>
            <p>Re-description</p>
            <p>(amended from Cherri et al. 2016). Female (Figure 127) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (650-725 (650) long; 450-475 (460) wide) ovoid and elongate with bluish-purple coloration restricted to the anterio-medial platelets and anterior-most portion of anterio-lateral platelets (rarely continuing to anterior border of the dorsal plate) and to the posterior dorsal plate within the area of primary sclerotization (posterior coloration is sometimes absent) with wide strip of orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (127.5-132.5 (127.5) long; 175-190 (175) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-190 (175) long; 70-77.5 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 340-375 (340)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.41-1.54 (1.41); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.35 (1.35); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.83-2.04 (2.04); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.29-2.56 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.37-1.43 (1.37).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-287.5 (275) long (ventral); 200-211 (200) long (dorsal); 125-140 (125) tall) with bluish-purple coloration. Rostrum (110-117.5 (112.5) long; 47.5-50 (47.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (260-295 (265) long) with curved fangs (53-62 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.04-2.25 (2.20); rostrum length/width 2.32-2.42 (2.37). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tips on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (40) long); femur (105-107.5 (107.5) long); genu (67.5-72.5 (67.5) long); tibia (87.5-97.5 (90) long; 25-30 (26.25) wide); tarsus (25-27.5 (25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.48-1.59 (1.59); tibia/femur 0.81-0.91 (0.84); tibia length/width 3.25-3.50 (3.43).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-850 (795) long; 525-604 (525) wide) colorless or with bluish-purple coloration, but always with bold bluish-purple on the dorsal coxal area. Gnathosomal bay (117.5-140 (140) long; 77.5-92.5 (77.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-35 (35) long). Genital plates (182.5-187.5 (185) long; 145-152.5 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-358.5 (260) long (total); 125-183 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (307-375 (325) wide); anterior venter (180-195 (180) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.31-1.81 (1.81); anterior venter/genital field length 0.97-1.04 (0.97); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.20-1.31 (1.20); anterior venter/medial suture 5.14-7.80 (5.14).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 128) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-610 (560) long; 350-400 (360) wide) ovoid and elongate with bluish-purple coloration restricted to the anterio-medial platelets and anterior-most portion of anterio-lateral platelets (rarely continuing to anterior border of the dorsal plate) and to the posterior dorsal plate within the area of primary sclerotization (posterior coloration is sometimes absent) with wide strip of orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (115-120 (120) long; 52.5-65 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (147.5-162.5 (155) long; 57.5-70 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 285-340 (295)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.53-1.57 (1.56); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.18-1.26 (1.22); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.85-2.24 (2.18); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.21-2.83 (2.21); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.26-1.41 (1.29).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (230-247.5 (240) long (ventral); 167-182 (175) long (dorsal); 97.5-102.5 (100) tall) with bluish-purple coloration. Rostrum (91.25-100 (93.75) long; 37.5-40 (40) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (221-239 (225) long) with curved fangs (45-52 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.46 (2.40); rostrum length/width 2.34-2.53 (2.34). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tips on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-37.5 (35) long); femur (85-95 (90) long); genu (56.25-62.5 (60) long); tibia (75-82.5 (80) long; 23.75-26.25 (25) wide); tarsus (22.5-26.25 (25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.48-1.61 (1.50); tibia/femur 0.82-0.89 (0.89); tibia length/width 3.10-3.20 (3.20).</p>
            <p>Venter - (660-710 (680) long; 415-443 (420) wide) colorless or with bluish-purple coloration, but always with bold bluish-purple on the dorsal coxal area. Gnathosomal bay (112.5-130 (125) long; 65-70 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (102.5-125 (110) long). Genital plates (138.75-147.5 (140) long; 97.5-110 (110) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (244-266 (250) long (total); 135-140 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (283-305 (295) wide); anterior venter (245-270 (260) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.67-1.94 (1.85); anterior venter/genital field length 1.77-1.89 (1.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.36-2.77 (2.36); anterior venter/medial suture 2.16-2.41 (2.36).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Cherri et al. (2016) named the specific epithet (  larvata ) for the anterior coloration that gives adults a masked appearance (larvat, L. masked). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas (Figure 126).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola larvata groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support in all analyses and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. larvata groups with  T. dimorpha to form a clade sister to all other eastern members of this complex. These species are greater than 11% from each other. Based upon overall similarity, short conical rostrum, long pedipalp tibiae, phylogenetic position, and distribution, we were able to place this species in the Tricolor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB27CB3A82F88DB8ACFA9B608733BEDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
A54A46FE4C869928B1D2E950FAA49A77.text	A54A46FE4C869928B1D2E950FAA49A77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola leviathan Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola leviathan Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Mendocino County, beside Rt. 128 at Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, (39°10'10"N, 123°38'38"W), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (3 ♀; 1 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♂(ALLOTYPE) from Mendocino, beside Rt. 128 at Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, (39°10'10"N, 123°38'38"W), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A  • 3 ♀ from Mendocino County, beside Rt. 128 at Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, (39°10'10"N, 123°38'38"W), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (1 ♀) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola leviathan are similar to other members of the Ellipsoidalis Group (  T. multiforma ,  T. occidentalis , and  T. ellipsoidalis ), in being among the largest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum length ♀ = 700-885; ♂ = 665-850), although  T. sierrensis are also large (dorsum length ♀ = 700-880; ♂ = 590-735) but can easily be distinguished from the Ellipsoidalis Group by being circular instead of ellipsoid or rectangular (dorsum length/width = 1.17-1.28 in  T. sierrensis , 1.30-1.67 in Ellipsoidalis Group).  T. leviathan can be differentiated from all other Ellipsoidalis Group by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.43-4.20 in  T. leviathan , 2.64-3.33 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 130) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (845-870 (870) long; 570-610 (580) wide) ellipsoid with faint orange coloration without a distinct pattern or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (150-155 (155) long; 70-80 (75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (240-260 (245) long; 95-105 (95) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 420-460 (425)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.40-1.51 (1.50); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.36 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.94-2.14 (2.07); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.40-2.58 (2.58); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.55-1.70 (1.58).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (330-350 (330) long (ventral); 230-230 (230) long (dorsal); 165-170 (170) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-130 (125) long; 55-60 (55) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (335-340 (340) long) with curved fangs (80-85 (80) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.00-2.06 (2.00); rostrum length/width 2.17-2.27 (2.27). Pedipalps with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50-52.5 (52.5) long); femur (130-130 (130) long); genu (75-77.5 (77.5) long); tibia (105-107.5 (107.5) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68-1.73 (1.68); tibia/femur 0.81-0.83 (0.83); tibia length/width 3.91-4.20 (3.91).</p>
            <p>Venter - (970-1035 (1035) long; 640-680 (640) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (190-215 (190) long; 85-100 (100) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-30 (30) long). Genital plates (210-215 (210) long; 180-195 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (390-400 (390) long (total); 180-205 (205) long (medial)); Cx-3 (440-460 (440) wide); anterior venter (220-245 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.90-2.53 (1.90); anterior venter/genital field length 1.05-1.17 (1.17); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.13-1.36 (1.36); anterior venter/medial suture 7.50-8.80 (8.17).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 131) (n = 1) (allotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (770 long; 510 wide) ellipsoid with faint orange coloration without a distinct pattern or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (140 long; 65 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (230 long; 85 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 400). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.51; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.28; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.15; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.71; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.64.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285 long (ventral); 200 long (dorsal); 137.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (95 long; 52.5 wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (275 long) with curved fangs (75 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.07; rostrum length/width 1.81. Pedipalps with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5 long); femur (112.5 long); genu (70 long); tibia (90 long; 26.25 wide); tarsus (20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.61; tibia/femur 0.80; tibia length/width 3.43.</p>
            <p>Venter - (860 long; 570 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (180 long; 90 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (110 long). Genital plates (160 long; 120 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (360 long (total); 185 long (medial)); Cx-3 (420 wide); anterior venter (305 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00; anterior venter/genital field length 1.91; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.54; anterior venter/medial suture 2.77.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  leviathan ) refers to the large body size of this species, surpassed by few other  Torrenticola (  liwyātān , Hebrew, a large aquatic animal; noun in apposition). The Leviathan (modern spelling) is depicted in Jewish mythology (as written in the Tanakh) as one of two huge beasts-the Leviathan in the ocean and the Behemoth on land. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Northwestern California (Figure 129).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola leviathan and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, large size, and western distribution, places this species in the Miniforma Complex and the Ellipsoidalis Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A54A46FE4C869928B1D2E950FAA49A77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
2B6ECB1D337DAEA27EBA9F1FBE67AD0C.text	2B6ECB1D337DAEA27EBA9F1FBE67AD0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola longitibia Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola longitibia Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, Tennessee, Monroe County, beside Forest Route 35 (35°21'47"N, 84°9'47"W), 12 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090112, DNA 2979.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (0 ♀; 1 ♂): Tennessee, USA: 1 ♂ from USA, Tennessee, Monroe County, beside Forest Route 35 (35°21'47"N, 84°9'47"W), 12 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090112.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) deposited in the CNC; paratypes (1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola longitibia are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. longitibia can be differentiated from all other members of the Raptor Group (both males and females) by having a longer femur with respect to the genu (femur/genu = 2.1-2.17 in  T. longitibia , 1.66-2.00 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female unknown.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 133) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (530-560 (530) long; 420-430 (420) wide) circular with navy blue coloration posteriorly extending in a thin strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-132.5 (122.5) long; 62.5-72.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-180 (172.5) long; 78.75-80 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scars than to the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 155-175 (155)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.26-1.30 (1.26); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.46-2.71 (2.71); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.83-1.96 (1.96); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.16-2.29 (2.16); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.41 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-315 (300) long (ventral); 235-245 (235) long (dorsal); 110-117.5 (110) tall) colorless. Rostrum (135-137.5 (135) long; 32.5-32.5 (32.5) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (325-325 (325) long) with curved fangs (50-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.68-2.73 (2.73); rostrum length/width 4.15-4.23 (4.15). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-45 (42.5) long); femur (125-131.25 (125) long); genu (57.5-62.5 (57.5) long); tibia (110-110 (110) long; 20-20 (20) wide); tarsus (15-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 2.10-2.17 (2.17); tibia/femur 0.84-0.88 (0.88); tibia length/width 5.50-5.50 (5.50).</p>
            <p>Venter - (660-710 (660) long; 500-550 (500) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (150-155 (150) long; 75-85 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (60-60 (60) long). Genital plates (137.5-150 (137.5) long; 115-122.5 (115) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-300 (270) long (total); 130-140 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-325 (320) wide); anterior venter (205-220 (205) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.76-2.07 (1.76); anterior venter/genital field length 1.47-1.49 (1.49); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.78-1.80 (1.78); anterior venter/medial suture 3.42-3.67 (3.42).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  longitibia ) refers to the long, thin pedipalpal tibiae (longus, L. long; tibia, L. tibia). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Monroe County, Tennessee (Figure 132).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola longitibia is known only from two males, only one of which was available for molecular data and that specimen groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support. In all analyses,  T. longitibia groups with  T. mjolniri , and these species are more than 4% different in COI sequence from each other. The position of that clade varies with dataset. Based upon overall similarity, phylogenetic position, shape of the pedipalps, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Raptor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B6ECB1D337DAEA27EBA9F1FBE67AD0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
2BD62332D7E62961DD10D4764B0305D5.text	2BD62332D7E62961DD10D4764B0305D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola magnexa Habeeb 1955	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola magnexa Habeeb, 1955</p>
            <p> Torrenticola amplexa magnexa Habeeb, 1955: 4 </p>
            <p> Torrenticola amplexa neoconnexa Habeeb, 1957: 1 (initially identified as  Torrenticola amplexa connexa (Koenike, 1908) in Habeeb 1955: 4) </p>
            <p> Torrenticola neoconnexa Habeeb, 1961: 2. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola magnexa Habeeb, 1961: 2. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, New Brunswick, Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 June 1953, by Habeeb, HH530075.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (0 ♀; 1 ♂): New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 June 1953, by Habeeb, HH530075.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (29 ♀; 14 ♂): Maine, USA: 2 ♀ from Franklin County, Smalls Falls Picnic Area, beside Route 4, Sandy River (44°52'N, 70°31'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890069  • Missouri, USA: 1 ♀ from McDonald County, Tiff City, beside Route 43, Buffalo Creek (36°40'17"N, 94°36'17"W), 2 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960004  • Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ from Inverness County, Cape Brenton Highland National Park, 10 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110072  • 2 ♀ from Inverness County, Inervess, Cheticamp River, 10 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110071  • New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Victoria County, St. Quentin, beside Highway 17, 14 km southwest of Highway 180, 14 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110059  • 2 ♀ from York County, Napadogan, beside Road J-19, 4 km south of Hwy 107, 6 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110126  • Newfoundland, Canada: 2 ♀ from Crooked Feeder, beside Highway 1, north of Deer Lake (49°10'N, 57°26'W), 25 Jul 1977, by IM Smith, IMS770125B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Deer Lake, beside Highway 430, 6.2 kilometers north of Highway 1 (49°10'N, 57°26'W), 23 Jul 1977, by IM Smith, IMS770112  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Molly Chignic Brook, beside Highway 1 (47°51'N, 59°10'W), 7 Oct 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890133  • Ohio, USA: 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Engelwood Metro Park (39°52'58"N, 84°17'33"W), 31 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-002  • Quebec, Canada: 1 ♀ from Gatineau County, Gatineau Park, Meech Lake (45°32'27"N, 75°54'53"W), 27 Jul 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100105  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Gatineau County, Gatineau Park, tributary above Blanchet Beach, 6 Apr 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Gatineau County, Gatineau Park, beside Wolf Trail above Blanchet (45°32'30"N, 75°55'29"W), 12 Jun 2008, by IM Smith, IMS080009A  • 1 ♂ from Matane County, St.-Bernard-des-Lacs, Riviere Ste. Anne (48°55'45"N, 66°7'0"W), 25 Aug 1975, by BP Smith, DW Barr, &amp; N Avruch, BPS750562  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Matapedia County, beside secondary road, Riviere Matapedia (48°17'40"N, 67°15'20"W), 24 Aug 1975, by BP smith, DW Barr, &amp; N Avruch, BPS750557  • 1 ♀ from Stanstead County, Tompkin Stream, Tomifobia River (45°0'31"N, 72°7'6"W), 20 Aug 1996, by IM Smith &amp; M MacKenzie, IMS960056  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Abrams River (35°35'31"N, 83°51'21"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100141  • 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park (35°46'54"N, 83°13'2"W), 16 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100140  • 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong Little Pigeon River (35°42'38"N, 83°22'59"W), 10 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090106  • Vermont, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Addison County, beside road from Lincoln to Ripton, Middlebury River (44°0'N, 73°1'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890075  • 2 ♀ from Addison County, Lincoln, beside US Forest Service Road #54, New Haven River (44°6'N, 72°59'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890074  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lamoille County, Stowe, beside Route 108, West Branch of Waterbury River (44°30'N, 72°46'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890072. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola magnexa are similar to other members of the Partial 2-Plate Group (  T. folkertsae ,  T. pulchra , and  T. priapus ) in having anterio-lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate and being distributed in the east.  T. magnexa can be differentiated from other Partial 2-Plate Group by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. magnexa can be further differentiated from T. New 23A by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.25-3.00 in  T. magnexa , 3.17-3.39 in  T. priapus ).  T. magnexa can be further differentiated from  T. folkertsae by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.21-4.00 in  T. magnexa , 4.05-4.83 in  T. folkertsae ). Male  T. magnexa can be further differentiated from male  T. pulchra by having a larger genital field (length ♂ = 125-148 in  T. magnexa , 110-123 in  T. pulchra ; width ♂ = 115-125 in  T. magnexa , 87-95 in  T. pulchra ) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♂ = 3.78-4.00 in  T. magnexa , 3.00-3.35 in  T. pulchra ). Female  T. magnexa can be differentiated from female  T. pulchra by having a wider genital field (♀ 170-188 in  T. magnexa , 147-160 in  T. pulchra ) and longer pedipalpal tibiae (♀ 102-113 in  T. magnexa , 82-93 in  T. pulchra ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 135) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (680-750 (750) long; 500-560 (560) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple or reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with red medially. Anterio-medial platelets 155-170 (162.5) long; 57.5-65 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (192.5-210 (210) long; 72.5-85 (85) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate (especially posteriorly). Dgl-4 close to the edge of the dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 390-410 (400)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.28-1.42 (1.34); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.28-1.40 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.42-2.72 (2.71); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.47-2.71 (2.47); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.13-1.33 (1.29).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (330-355 long (ventral); 251-277 long (dorsal); 150-170 tall) mostly colorless. Rostrum (137.5-150 long; 47.5-52.5 wide). Chelicerae (335-363 long) with curved fangs (55-78 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.00-2.37; rostrum length/width 2.75-3.00. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-52.5 (50) long); femur (127.5-135 (135) long); genu (75-82.5 (80) long); tibia 102.5-107.5 (102.5) long; 26.25-30 (28.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.71 (1.69); tibia/femur 0.76-0.83 (0.76); tibia length/width 3.57-4.00 (3.57).</p>
            <p>Venter - (770-900 (830) long; 588-672 (660) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (165-190 (165) long; 95-125 (125) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (0-15 (7.5) long) occasionally absent. Genital plates (190-207.5 (207.5) long; 170-187.5 (187.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (299-359 (320) long (total); 96-155 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (369-455 (455) wide); anterior venter (167.5-175 (175) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.32-1.87 (1.32); anterior venter/genital field length 0.84-0.91 (0.84); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.93-1.03 (0.93); anterior venter/medial suture (proportion cannot be calculated for specimens without a medial suture) 11.33-23.33 (23.33).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 136) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-630 (600) long; 390-450 (430) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple or reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with red medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-140 (132.5) long; 47.5-52.5 (50) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (158.75-192.5 (170) long; 60-70 (60) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate (especially posteriorly). Dgl-4 close to the edge of the dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 310-350 (310)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.43 (1.40); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26-1.39 (1.39); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.48-2.95 (2.65); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.44-2.85 (2.83); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.22-1.43 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5-300 (285) long (ventral); 200-229 (215) long (dorsal); 113-127.5 (122.5) tall) mostly colorless. Rostrum (110-122.5 (117.5) long; 40-45 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (260-292 (290) long) with curved fangs (49-60 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.22-2.42 (2.33); rostrum length/width 2.59-2.84 (2.76). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-45 (40) long); femur (105-112.5 (110) long); genu (65-72.5 (67.5) long); tibia (85-97.5 (90) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.55-1.67 (1.63); tibia/femur 0.80-0.87 (0.82); tibia length/width 3.78-4.00 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-770 (710) long; 465-550 (550) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (127.5-160 (127.5) long; 77.5-95 (77.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (62.5-85 (75) long). Genital plates (125-147.5 (140) long; 115-125 (115) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (251-285 (270) long (total); 102-140 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (335-375 (375) wide); anterior venter (207.5-240 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.37-1.94 (1.65); anterior venter/genital field length 1.57-1.78 (1.57); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.80-1.98 (1.91); anterior venter/medial suture 2.82-3.68 (2.93).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1957) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  magnexa ). However, surely this name refers to the similarity of this species to the Palaearctic  T. connexa (Koenike, 1908) (  néos , G. new). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern (Figure 134).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Upon examining the types of  T. magnexa and  T. neoconnexa Habeeb, 1957, all characters for both species overlap with members of only one clade in our analyses. Furthermore, the primary character Habeeb (1955, 1957, 1961) used to differentiate  T. magnexa from  T. neoconnexa was body size, which is known to be a highly variable character. Therefore, it is apparent that these represent the same species hypothesis and must be synonymized. We therefore synonymize  T. neoconnexa as the junior synonym of  T. magnexa . </p>
            <p> In all analyses,  Torrenticola magnexa groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support, all specimens were less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other, and these specimens were 11-13% different from sister species. In the combined analysis, all eastern members of  Rusetria Complex are monophyletic, and  T. magnexa was recovered at the base of that eastern clade. Interestingly, most of the species within the more basal lineages of this eastern clade have lateral platelets that are free from the dorsal plate; whereas western species and most eastern species have lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate. This is interesting because  T. magnexa , which have lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate, is recovered in an intermediate position between western species that have fused platelets and eastern species with unfused platelets. </p>
            <p>Based upon the partially fused posterio-lateral platelets and the distribution, we place this species within the Partial 2-Plate Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BD62332D7E62961DD10D4764B0305D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
1BCCBDA47084977C6BA7631AA07948A7.text	1BCCBDA47084977C6BA7631AA07948A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola malarkeyorum Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola malarkeyorum Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Missouri, Ozark County, Bryant Creek, downstream of Highway 95 bridge, 10 Sep 2011, by AJ Radwell, AJR110105A, DNA 2120.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (9 ♀; 7 ♂): Maine, USA: 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11 at bridge, Aroostook River (46°38'N, 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • Missouri, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Oregon County, beside Route 19, north of Greer, Eleven Point River (36°48'N, 91°20'W), 28 Jun 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870056  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Ozark County, Bryant Creek, downstream of Highway 95 bridge, 10 Sep 2011, by AJ Radwell, AJR110105A  • 1 ♀ from Ozark County, Bryant Creek, downstream of Highway 95 bridge, 10 Sep 2011, by AJ Radwell, AJR110105A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from McDonald County, Tiff City, beside Route 43, Buffalo Creek (36°40'17"N, 94°36'17"W), 2 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960004  • New Brunswick, Canada: 3 ♀ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110118  • New Hampshire, USA: 1 ♀ from Coos County, picnic area beside Route 110, Upper Ammonoosuc River (44°36'N, 71°24'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890071  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Cades Cove, Forge Creek (35°35'31"N, 83°51'21"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100141  • 1 ♂ from Sevier Co., Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Middle Prong Little Pigeon River (35°43'33"N, 83°24'1"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100131  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Amherst County, Upper Otter Creek Overlook beside Blue Ridge, Otter Creek (37°36'57"N, 79°19'27"W), 7 Sep 2007, by IM Smith, IMS070056A  • 1 ♂ from Giles County, Mechanicsburg, beside Dismal Creek Road, Standrock Brook (37°11'38"N, 80°53'26"W), 9 Sep 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050066. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (5 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola malarkeyorum are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae ,  T. microbiscutella , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east.  T. malarkeyorum can have variable coloration, including light bluish purple and reddish purple. Although several other species are purplish, some  T. malarkeyorum are easily recognizable because they have bluish-purple coloration similar to  T. tysoni and  T. biscutella , albeit much fainter than these species.  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from  T. ululata ,  T. indistincta , and  T. feminellai by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from  T. tysoni by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.57-2.89 in  T. malarkeyorum , 3.06-3.5 in  T. tysoni ). Female  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from female  T. biscutella by having a longer subcapitulum (ventral length = 317.5-335 in  T. malarkeyorum , 290-315 in  T. biscutella ). Male  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from male  T. biscutella by having a slightly more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.42-1.56 in  T. malarkeyorum ; 1.37-1.42 in  T. biscutella . Additionally, although  T. malarkeyorum and  T. biscutella have the same dorsal coloration and pattern, often the coloration is faint in  T. malarkeyorum and bold in  T. biscutella . Female  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from female  T. caerulea by having a wider genital field (152.5-165 in  T. malarkeyorum , 120-145 in  T. caerulea ). Additionally,  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from  T. caerulea by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from  T. pendula by having a stockier gnathosomal bay (length/width = 1.62-2.26 in  T. malarkeyorum , 2.42-2.90 in  T. pendula ); more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 3.22-3.60 in  T. malarkeyorum , 2.78-3.05 in  T. pendula ); and by dorsal pattern.  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from  T. whitneyae by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.22-3.60 in  T. malarkeyorum , 2.42-2.95 in  T. whitneyae ) and by anterior venter/genital field length (♀ = 0.85-0.89 in  T. malarkeyorum , 0.59-0.75 in  T. whitneyae ; ♂ = 1.52-1.88 in  T. malarkeyorum , 1.37-1.43 in  T. whitneyae ).  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from  T. microbiscutella by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.33-1.56 in  T. malarkeyorum , 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella ). Female  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from female  T. delicatexa by having a shorter genital field (162.5-170 in  T. malarkeyorum , 175-198 in  T. delicatexa ). Female  T. malarkeyorum can be differentiated from female  T. sellersorum by anterior venter/genital field length (0.85-0.89 in  T. malarkeyorum , 0.69-0.77 in  T. sellersorum ). Male  T. malarkeyorum do not have any measurement differences with male  T. delicatexa , and  T. sellersorum ; however, they can be differentiated by dorsal coloration. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 138) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-640 (635) long; 425-470 (470) wide) ovoid with highly variable coloration, usually faint (occasionally bold) bluish-purple or reddish-purple separated into anterior and posterior portions, and with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (121.25-135 (132.5) long; 41.25-47.5 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-170 (170) long; 55-70 (70) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-335 (330)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.41 (1.35); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.44 (1.42); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.68-3.18 (2.94); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.38-2.73 (2.43); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.11-1.36 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (317.5-335 (335) long (ventral); 234-250 (250) long (dorsal); 135-155 (155) tall) colorless. Rostrum (123.75-130 (130) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (323.75-342.5 (342.5) long) with curved fangs (59-70 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.13-2.35 (2.16); rostrum length/width 2.61-2.89 (2.89). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-50 (47.5) long); femur (115-123.75 (120) long); genu (67.5-72.5 (72.5) long); tibia (90-92.5 (90) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.62-1.71 (1.66); tibia/femur 0.73-0.80 (0.75); tibia length/width 3.27-3.60 (3.27).</p>
            <p>Venter - (700-770 (760) long; 482-600 (600) wide) colorless (occasionally with faint bluish-purple coloration). Gnathosomal bay (165-182.5 (182.5) long; 97.5-110 (110) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (162.5-170 (170) long; 152.5-165 (165) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (284-330 (330) long (total); 116-145 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (316-385 (385) wide); anterior venter (137.5-150 (150) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.65-1.82 (1.66); anterior venter/genital field length 0.85-0.89 (0.88); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.88-0.95 (0.91).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 139) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (420-470 (470) long; 285-320 (320) wide) ovoid with highly variable coloration, usually faint (occasionally bold) bluish-purple or reddish-purple separated into anterior and posterior portions, and with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (92.5-110 (110) long; 32.5-37.5 (37.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (117.5-127.5 (127.5) long; 45-52.5 (52.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 210-240 (240)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.42-1.56 (1.47); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.36 (1.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.80-3.15 (2.93); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.43-2.61 (2.43); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.12-1.32 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (227.5-240 (230) long (ventral); 162-180 (163) long (dorsal); 95-100 (100) tall) colorless. Rostrum (90-95 (92.5) long; 32.5-35 (35) wide). Chelicerae (212.5-230 long) with curved fangs (40-50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.28-2.53 (2.30); rostrum length/width 2.57-2.85 (2.64). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-40 (35) long); femur (76.25-87.5 (87.5) long); genu (52.5-55 (55) long); tibia (65-75 (75) long; 20-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.39-1.62 (1.59); tibia/femur 0.76-0.92 (0.86); tibia length/width 3.22-3.50 (3.33).</p>
            <p>Venter - (495-560 (560) long; 320-405 (396) wide) colorless (occasionally with faint bluish-purple coloration). Gnathosomal bay (97.5-130 (115) long; 55-65 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (65-72.5 (72.5) long). Genital plates (97.5-115 (110) long; 95-120 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (197.5-230 (230) long (total); 90-115 (107) long (medial)); Cx-3 (250-300 (295) wide); anterior venter (160-200 (200) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.62-2.26 (1.77); anterior venter/genital field length 1.52-1.88 (1.82); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.53-2.00 (1.90); anterior venter/medial suture 2.37-2.92 (2.76).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  malarkeyorum ) named in honor of  JRF’s sister, Mayme Malarkey and her family-Andy, Jack, Molly, and Lucy-who are a constant joy to all whom they encounter. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern (Figure 137), especially highlands (Appalachians and Ozarks).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola malarkeyorum groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and all specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. malarkeyorum groups with two other morphologically similar species:  T. biscutella and  T. caerulea . These three species are 3-5% different from each other in COI sequence. The three of these species are morphologically similar to the more distantly-related  T. delicatexa . </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, dorso-lateral platelet fusion, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BCCBDA47084977C6BA7631AA07948A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
D5FDE25E633432965886BFCAECE63429.text	D5FDE25E633432965886BFCAECE63429.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola manni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola manni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, New Mexico Catron County, Whitewater Creek, Glenwood Whitewater Picnic Area, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120005, DNA 2906.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (2 ♀; 4 ♂): New Mexico, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Catron County, Whitewater Creek, Glenwood Whitewater Picnic Area, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120005, DNA 2907  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Whitewater Creek, Glenwood Whitewater Picnic Area, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120005  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Catron County, Whitewater Creek, Glenwood Whitewater Picnic Area, 12 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (1 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola manni are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. copipalpa ,  T. miniforma ,  T. pacificensis ,  T. rockyensis ,  T. oliveri , and  T. pinocchio ) in having short, stocky pedipalps (except  T. oliveri and  T. pinocchio ); similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except  T. oliveri ).  T. manni can be differentiated from all other Miniforma group by being from the southwest (all others are from the northwest or Rocky Mountains).  T. manni are best differentiated from  T. rockyensis by having more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 3.13-3.38 in  T. manni , 2.47-3.11 in  T. rockyensis ).  T. manni are best differentiated from  T. copipalpa by having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extensions (broad and flat in  T. copipalpa ).  T. manni are best differentiated from  T. pacificensis by having more elongate tibiae (length/width = 3.24-3.38 in  T. manni , 2.67-3.00 in  T. pacificensis ); having more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width ♀ = 3.00-3.13 in  T. manni , 2.59-2.68 in  T. pacificensis ; ♂ = 3.13-3.20 in  T. manni , 2.76-3.07 in  T. pacificensis ).  T. manni are best differentiated from  T. miniforma by being larger (dorsum length ♀ = 565-620 in  T. manni , 545 in  T. miniforma ; ♂ = 535-550 in  T. manni , 485 in  T. miniforma ) and having more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 3.13-3.38 in  T. manni , 2.38-2.88 in  T. miniforma ).  T. manni can be differentiated from  T. oliveri by having a shorter anterior venter (192-230 in  T. manni , 250-310 in  T. oliveri ) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.13-3.38 in  T. manni , 3.68-4.13 in  T. oliveri ).  T. manni can be differentiated from  T. pinocchio by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.0-3.2 in  T. manni , 4.5-4.9 in  T. pinocchio ) and a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.25-1.36 in  T. manni , 1.53-1.64 in  T. pinocchio ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 141) (n = 3) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (565-620 (620) long; 390-450 (450) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (110-125 (125) long; 52.5-56.25 (56.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-182.5 (182.5) long; 62.5-70 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 295-335 (335)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.45 (1.38); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.32-1.36 (1.34); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.10-2.22 (2.22); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.61-2.81 (2.61); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.46-1.55 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-337.5 (337.5) long (ventral); 225-255 (255) long (dorsal); 110-121.25 (121.25) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-140 (140) long; 40-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (305-332 (332) long) with curved fangs (50-64 (57) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.77-2.82 (2.78); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.11 (3.11). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with broadly tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tip on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-35 (35) long); femur (95-102.5 (102.5) long); genu (65-72.5 (72.5) long); tibia (62.5-70 (68.75) long; 20-21.25 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-16.25 (16.25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.41-1.46 (1.41); tibia/femur 0.66-0.68 (0.67); tibia length/width 3.13-3.29 (3.24).</p>
            <p>Venter - (700-780 (780) long; 458-477 (477) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (142.5-150 (150) long; 60-70 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (45-50 (45) long). Genital plates (180-192.5 (192.5) long; 160-180 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (255-281 (275) long (total); 120-134 (131) long (medial)); Cx-3 (290-307 (307) wide); anterior venter (192.5-202.5 (202.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.11-2.38 (2.14); anterior venter/genital field length 1.05-1.07 (1.05); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.13-1.23 (1.13); anterior venter/medial suture 3.85-4.50 (4.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 142) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available)) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (535-550 (545) long; 375-400 (390) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (105-112.5 (112.5) long; 50-52.5 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (157.5-175 (167.5) long; 62.5-65 (65) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300-305 (305)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.34-1.47 (1.40); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.33 (1.28); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.15 (2.14); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.52-2.80 (2.58); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.49-1.58 (1.49).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (290-305 (297.5) long (ventral); 220-230 (227.5) long (dorsal); 100-110 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-127.5 (127.5) long; 37.5-40 (40) wide). Chelicerae (285-305 (300) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (46) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.73-2.90 (2.77); rostrum length/width 3.13-3.20 (3.19). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with broadly tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tip on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (27.5-32.5 (32.5) long); femur (87.5-97.5 (92.5) long); genu (60-65 (65) long); tibia (62.5-67.5 (67.5) long; 18.75-20 (20) wide); tarsus (13.75-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.40-1.50 (1.42); tibia/femur 0.65-0.73 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.19-3.38 (3.38).</p>
            <p>Venter - (665-695 (695) long; 424.75-490 (424.75) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (115-147.5 (140) long; 55-62.5 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (87.5-90 (87.5) long). Genital plates (140-150 (150) long; 112.5-116.25 (116.25) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-272 (272) long (total); 115-125 (122) long (medial)); Cx-3 (275-315 (278) wide); anterior venter (220-230 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.92-2.68 (2.24); anterior venter/genital field length 1.52-1.58 (1.53); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.91-1.98 (1.98); anterior venter/medial suture 2.44-2.63 (2.63).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  manni ) named in honor of author Charles Mann, whose books about the peopling of North America (e.g., 1491, 1493) breach history and venture into human ecology. They are an inspiration to confronting misconceptions and a reminder that even seemingly well-known history, whether archeological or evolutionary, is in fact usually not well-known. His books are a battle cry to never cease learning and to always question. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Catron County, New Mexico (Figure 140).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola manni groups with other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. manni groups with three other morphologically-similar species with high support:  T. pacificensis ,  T. copipalpa , and  T. rockyensis . These species are greater than 4% different from each other in COI sequence. These four species show a higher degree of biogeographic partitioning than most  Torrenticola . </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, the pedipalp genu extensions, and western distribution, we were able to place this species in the Miniforma Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by non-overlapping distribution, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5FDE25E633432965886BFCAECE63429	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
54C4B243F42FD44984E9EB9A88DEA37D.text	54C4B243F42FD44984E9EB9A88DEA37D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola microbiscutella Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola microbiscutella Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Georgia, White County, Helen; beside Road to Anna Ruby Falls just north of Unicoi State Park, (34°44'44"N, 83°43'43"W), 24 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920051.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 6 ♂): Georgia, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from White County, Helen; beside Road to Anna Ruby Falls just north of Unicoi State Park, (34°44'44"N, 83°43'43"W), 24 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920051  • 3 ♀ and 4 ♂ from White County, Helen; beside Road to Anna Ruby Falls just north of Unicoi State Park, (34°44'44"N, 83°43'43"W), 24 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920051  • North Carolina, USA:  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Macon County, Rainbow Springs; beside Forest Route 67, 2.0 km south of road to Standing Indian Campground, (35°3'3"N, 83°31'31"W), 1 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900072. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (3 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola microbiscutella are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east.  T. microbiscutella can be differentiated from all other Eastern 2-Plates by having an elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella , 1.21-1.56 in others).  T. microbiscutella can be differentiated from most other Eastern 2-Plates by having faint dorsal coloration (most other Eastern 2-Plates have bold coloration). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 144) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (490-540 (510) long; 290-325 (300) wide) ovoid and elongate with faint reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (105-112.5 (110) long; 32.5-36.25 (33.75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (130-147.5 (135) long; 35-45 (45) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 235-250 (235)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.65-1.75 (1.70); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.23-1.30 (1.28); anterio-medial platelet length/width 3.00-3.46 (3.26); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.00-3.79 (3.00); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.20-1.34 (1.23).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (260-270 (270) long (ventral); 195-210 (210) long (dorsal); 105-110 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (102.5-107.5 (107.5) long; 40-42.5 (42.5) wide) conical. Chelicerae (255-265 (262.5) long) with curved fangs (55-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.45-2.57 (2.51); rostrum length/width 2.53-2.63 (2.53). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (92.5-97.5 (97.5) long); genu (55-60 (57.5) long); tibia (72.5-80 (75) long; 20-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.57-1.70 (1.70); tibia/femur 0.77-0.84 (0.77); tibia length/width 3.53-3.65 (3.53).</p>
            <p>Venter - (610-660 (620) long; 335-370 (370) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (120-142.5 (120) long; 65-75 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (42.5-50 (45) long). Genital plates (135-150 (145) long; 117.5-125 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (220-240 (230) long (total); 95-105 (105) long (medial)); Cx-3 (235-270 (270) wide); anterior venter (150-160 (157.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.60-2.04 (1.60); anterior venter/genital field length 1.07-1.15 (1.09); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.25-1.33 (1.31); anterior venter/medial suture 3.10-3.76 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 145) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (430-455 (440) long; 260-280 (260) wide) ovoid and elongate with faint reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (82.5-101.25 (95) long; 31.25-35 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (115-127.5 (115) long; 35-40 (37.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 205-215 (205)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.63-1.69 (1.69); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.21-1.30 (1.27); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.64-3.12 (2.71); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.07-3.64 (3.07); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.21-1.45 (1.21).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (215-235 (232.5) long (ventral); 162.5-177.5 (176.25) long (dorsal); 77.5-90 (87.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (82.5-95 (92.5) long; 30-36.25 (35) wide) conical. Chelicerae (197.5-232.5 (212.5) long) with curved fangs (45-47.5 (47.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.58-2.77 (2.66); rostrum length/width 2.62-2.85 (2.64). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-32.5 (32.5) long); femur (75-81.25 (76.25) long); genu (50-53.75 (50) long); tibia (66.25-70 (67.5) long; 18.75-20 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.50-1.60 (1.53); tibia/femur 0.84-0.90 (0.89); tibia length/width 3.31-3.60 (3.38).</p>
            <p>Venter - (530-575 (540) long; 270-310 (305) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (110-125 (110) long; 55-60 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-90 (90) long). Genital plates (85-95 (90) long; 85-100 (85) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (200-220 (205) long (total); 95-100 (100) long (medial)); Cx-3 (220-240 (240) wide); anterior venter (185-195 (195) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.83-2.18 (1.83); anterior venter/genital field length 2.00-2.29 (2.17); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.95-2.29 (2.29); anterior venter/medial suture 2.17-2.47 (2.17).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  microbiscutella ) is named because this species is the smallest (at least in females) and most elongate of all members of the  Rusetria Complex (  mikrós , G. small; bi, L. two; scutella, L. little plate). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Appalachians (Figure 143).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola microbiscutella and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution in the east, and fusion of the dorso-lateral platelets to the dorsal plate, are consistent with placing this species in the  Rusetria Complex and Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54C4B243F42FD44984E9EB9A88DEA37D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A.text	229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola miniforma Habeeb 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola miniforma Habeeb, 1974</p>
            <p> Torrenticola miniforma Habeeb, 1974: 1. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): from USA, California, Humboldt County, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by H Habeeb, HH640021.</p>
            <p>PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♂): from USA, California, Humboldt County, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by H Habeeb, HH640021.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Types (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola miniforma are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. copipalpa ,  T. manni ,  T. pacificensis ,  T. rockyensis ,  T. oliveri , and  T. pinocchio ) in having short, stocky pedipalps (except  T. oliveri and  T. pinocchio ); similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except  T. oliveri ).  T. miniforma are best differentiated from  T. rockyensis by being smaller (dorsum length ♀ = 545 in  T. miniforma , 570-620 in  T. rockyensis ; ♂ = 485 in  T. miniforma , 525-545 in  T. rockyensis ); having more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width ♀ = 3.13 in  T. miniforma , 2.72-2.91 in  T. rockyensis ; ♂ = 3.19 in  T. miniforma , 2.83-3.00 in  T. rockyensis ); and by being only known from Humboldt County, California, whereas  T. rockyensis is distributed in the Rocky Mountains (Idaho &amp; Montana).  T. miniforma are best differentiated from  T. copipalpa by having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extensions (broad and flat in  T. copipalpa ).  T. miniforma are best differentiated from  T. pacificensis by having more elongate anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.44-2.65 in  T. miniforma , 2.00-2.16 in  T. pacificensis ); more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width = 3.13-3.19 in  T. miniforma , 2.59-3.07 in  T. pacificensis ); and by being only known from Humboldt County, California, whereas  T. pacificensis is distributed in the Pacific Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon.  T. miniforma are best differentiated from  T. manni by being smaller (dorsum length ♀ = 545 in  T. miniforma , 565-620 in  T. manni ; ♂ = 485 in  T. miniforma , 535-550 in  T. manni ); having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 2.38-2.88 in  T. miniforma , 3.13-3.38 in  T. manni ); and by being only known from Humboldt County, California, whereas  T. manni is only known from Catron County, New Mexico.  T. miniforma can be differentiated from  T. oliveri by having a shorter anterior venter (172-200 in  T. miniforma , 250-310 in  T. oliveri ) and having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.3-2.9 in  T. miniforma , 3.6-4.2 in  T. oliveri ).  T. miniforma can be differentiated from  T. pinocchio by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.1-3.2 in  T. miniforma , 4.5-4.9 in  T. pinocchio ) and a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.43-1.43 in  T. miniforma , 1.53-1.64 in  T. pinocchio ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 147) (n = 1) (lectotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (545 long; 380 wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5 long; 42.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5 long; 50 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.65; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.05; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (295 long (ventral); 225 long (dorsal); 112.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (117.5 long; 37.5 wide). Chelicerae (290 long) with curved fangs (52.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.62; rostrum length/width 3.13. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5 long); femur (90 long); genu (62.5 long); tibia (57.5 long; 20 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.44; tibia/femur 0.64; tibia length/width 2.88.</p>
            <p>Venter - (680 long; 420 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145 long; 62.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (50 long). Genital plates (167.5 long; 165 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260 long (total); 50 long (medial)); Cx-3 (280 wide); anterior venter (172.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.32; anterior venter/genital field length 1.03; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.05; anterior venter/medial suture 3.45.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 148) (n = 1) (paralectotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (485 long; 340 wide) ovoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5 long; 40 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145 long; 47.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 270). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.44; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.05; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.49.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265 long (ventral); 200 long (dorsal); 95 tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5 long; 33.75 wide). Chelicerae (265 long) with curved fangs (47.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.79; rostrum length/width 3.19. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30 long); femur (77.5 long); genu (52.5 long); tibia (47.5 long; 20 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.48; tibia/femur 0.61; tibia length/width 2.38.</p>
            <p>Venter - (610 long; 380 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (125 long; 50 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (87.5 long). Genital plates (125 long; 50 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (227.5 long (total); 102.5 long (medial)); Cx-3 (250 wide); anterior venter (200 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.50; anterior venter/genital field length 1.54; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.86; anterior venter/medial suture 2.29.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1974) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  miniforma ). However, we suspect the specific epithet refers to the small body size of this species, as with others of the Miniforma Group (minor, L. small; forma, L. form), as Habeeb (1974) notes this species is "the smallest species that has come to the attention of the writer from the pacific area." </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Prairie Creek, Humboldt County, California (Habeeb 1974) (Figure 146).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire more specimens of  Torrenticola miniforma and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with the type material. Based upon overall similarity, the pedipalp genu extensions, and western distribution, we were able to place this species in the Miniforma Complex and the Miniforma Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/229C229D8155E936C156B0F740C9496A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
A49CA197E6B092BD7461CE3B00899E6A.text	A49CA197E6B092BD7461CE3B00899E6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola mjolniri Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola mjolniri Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, Ontario, Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, beside Hwy 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110054, DNA 2860.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (12 ♀; 12 ♂): Maine, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Kennebec County, China, beside Causeway along northern shore of China Lake (44°28'45"N, 69°30'43"W), 16 Sep 2003, by IM Smith, IMS030037  • Ontario, Canada: 1 ♂ from Frontenac County, Salmon River, beside Highway 7 north of Arden, 26-28 Aug 1982, by IM Smith, CJ Hill, &amp; C Cramer, IMS820005  • 1 ♂ from Hastings County, Duff Corners, Vanderwater Conservation (44°23'14"N, 77°19'1"W), 13 Aug 2009, by IM Smith &amp; ML MacKenzie, IMS090089A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, beside Hwy 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110054, DNA 2857  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, beside Hwy 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110054  • 6 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Hastings County, Maynooth, Papineau Creek, beside Highway 127, 17 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110050 &amp; IMS110051  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hastings County, Price Conservation Area, Skootamata River, junction of Highways 7 and 37, 20 May 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800009  • 1 ♀ from Muskoka District, Baysville, Echo Lake, bay near Lawsons Cottages, 9-12 Aug 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800015  • 1 ♀ from Muskoka District, Baysville, Echo Lake, 18 Aug 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810023  • Quebec, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Gatineau County, Gatineau Park, Lac Philippe, at campground, 2 Jun 1981, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS810001. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (7 ♀; 7 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola mjolniri are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. longitibia ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from  T. elusiva ,  T. gnoma , and  T. daemon by having more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 5.00-6.00 in  T. mjolniri , 3.88-4.67 in others) and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.81-4.32 in  T. mjolniri , 2.56-3.65 in others).  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa by having a longer anterior venter (♀ = 180-195 in  T. mjolniri , 152.5-165 in  T. racupalpa ; ♂ = 230-255 in  T. mjolniri , 200-205 in  T. racupalpa ) and by dorsal pattern.  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa and  T. danielleae by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.2-2.48 in  T. mjolniri , 1.42-2.09 in others); having a more elongate rostrum (3.81-4.32 in  T. mjolniri , 2.66-3.75 in others); and by dorsal pattern. Male  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from  T. longitibia (only males) by having Dgl-4 closer to the edge of dorsum (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.2-2.32 in  T. mjolniri , 2.46-2.71 in  T. longitibia ); stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 5.0-5.33 in  T. mjolniri , 5.5-5.5 in  T. longitibia ); and a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/height = 2.82-3.0 in  T. mjolniri , 2.68-2.73 in  T. longitibia ).  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from  T. raptor by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.2-2.48 in  T. mjolniri , 1.68-2.02 in  T. raptor ) and a stockier subcapitulum (ventral length/width ♀ = 2.68-2.9 in  T. mjolniri , 2.98-3.18 in  T. raptor ; ♂ = 2.82-3.0 in  T. mjolniri , 3.13-3.27 in  T. raptor ). Additionally, female  T. mjolniri have a shorter anterior venter (180-195 in ♀  T. mjolniri , 205-240 in ♀  T. raptor ). Female  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from female  T. ivyae by having a larger dorsum (length ♀ = 605-640 in  T. mjolniri , 550-590 in  T. ivyae ; width ♀ = 510-545 in  T. mjolniri , 460-500 in  T. ivyae ) and a longer anterior venter (♀ 180-195 in  T. mjolniri , 155-170 in  T. ivyae ). Male  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from male  T. ivyae by having a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 2.82-3.00 in  T. mjolniri , 2.57-2.75 in  T. ivyae ). Additionally,  T. mjolniri can be differentiated from  T. ivyae by being distributed in the northeast (  T. ivyae is known from Florida). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 150) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (605-640 (605) long; 510-545 (520) wide) circular with navy blue to purple coloration posteriorly and a small spot anteriorly often connected medially with a thin strip that is occasionally orange. Anterio-medial platelets (130-150 (135) long; 67.5-70 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (182.5-200 (187.5) long; 67.5-70 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars than to edge dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 207.5-245 (210)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.16-1.24 (1.16); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.22-2.48 (2.48); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.86-2.14 (2.00); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.11-2.38 (2.27); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.22-1.46 (1.39).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (342.5-355 (342.5) long (ventral); 255-277 (262.5) long (dorsal); 122.5-128.75 (126.25) tall) colorless. Rostrum (142.5-151.25 (151.25) long; 35-38.75 (35) wide). Chelicerae (355-383 (360) long) with curved fangs (52.5-55 (52.5) long) elongate. Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.68-2.90 (2.71); rostrum length/width 3.81-4.32 (4.32). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (130-135 (130) long); genu (65-70 (65) long); tibia (110-112.5 (112.5) long; 18.75-22.5 (18.75) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.86-2.00 (2.00); tibia/femur 0.83-0.87 (0.87); tibia length/width 5.00-6.00 (6.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (780-825 (790) long; 536-621 (570) wide) often colorless, occasionally areas surrounding coxae are navy blue to purple. Gnathosomal bay (170-175 (175) long; 70-82.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (15-20 (15) long). Genital plates (160-173.75 (170) long; 142.5-152.5 (142.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (305-330 long (total); 132-164 (162.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (332-383 wide); anterior venter (180-195 (187.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.06-2.50 (2.50); anterior venter/genital field length 1.07-1.22 (1.10); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.18-1.32 (1.32); anterior venter/medial suture 9.00-12.50 (12.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 151) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (520-580 (520) long; 430-450 (430) wide) circular with navy blue to purple coloration posteriorly and a small spot anteriorly often connected medially with a thin strip that is occasionally orange. Anterio-medial platelets (120-135 (122.5) long; 60-67.5 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-200 (185) long; 67.5-77.5 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars than to edge dorsum (distance between Dgl-4 185-205 (195)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.21-1.29 (1.21); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.20-2.32 (2.21); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.85-2.04 (2.04); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.67 (2.64) anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.51 (1.51).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-325 (305) long (ventral); 233-241 (233) long (dorsal); 105-112.5 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (130-140 (130) long; 32.5-32.5 (32.5) wide). Chelicerae (297-322 (297) long) with curved fangs (48-55 (49) long) elongate. Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.82-3.00 (2.84); rostrum length/width 4.00-4.31 (4.00). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-42 (42.5) long); femur (115-122.5 (117.5) long); genu (60-65 (65) long); tibia (100-102.5 (102.5) long; 18.75-20 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.81-1.96 (1.81); tibia/femur 0.82-0.87 (0.87); tibia length/width 5.00-5.33 (5.13).</p>
            <p>Venter - (670-740 (670) long; 459-504 (479) wide) often colorless, occasionally areas surrounding coxae are navy blue to purple. Gnathosomal bay (142.5-160 (145) long; 60-67.5 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (62.5-85 (62.5) long). Genital plates (137.5-147.5 (137.5) long; 115-142.5 (115) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (275-324 (287) long (total); 139-152 (139) long (medial)); Cx-3 (307-371 (324) wide); anterior venter (230-255 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.15-2.46 (2.15); anterior venter/genital field length 1.60-1.76 (1.67); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.79-2.00 (2.00); anterior venter/medial suture 3.00-3.68 (3.68).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  mjolniri ) named after  Mjölnir-the hammer of Thor in Norse mythology-the ancient symbol of which resembles the dorsal patterning this species. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Northeastern (Figure 149).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola mjolniri groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and all specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. mjolniri groups with  T. longitibia , and these species are more than 4% different in COI sequence from each other. The position of that clade varies with dataset. Based upon overall similarity, phylogenetic position, shape of the pedipalps, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Raptor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A49CA197E6B092BD7461CE3B00899E6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
691A665838B42705F6D4247A2F27C89F.text	691A665838B42705F6D4247A2F27C89F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola mohawk Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola mohawk Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Maine, Aroostook County, Ashland; beside Rt. 11 at bridge over Aroostook River, (46°38'38"N, 68°24'24"W), 4 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Aroostook County, Ashland; beside Rt. 11 at bridge over Aroostook River, (46°38'38"N, 68°24'24"W), 4 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland; beside Rt. 11 at bridge over Aroostook River, (46°38'38"N, 68°24'24"W), 4 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola mohawk are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi , and  T. dimorpha ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. mohawk are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (  T. larvata ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia , and  T. kringi ).  T. mohawk can be differentiated from  T. larvata ,  T. tricolor ,  T. cardia , and  T. kringi by having a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.80-2.00 in  T. mohawk , 2.14-3.13 in others; ♂ = 2.00-2.13 in  T. mohawk , 2.27-2.93 in others).  T. mohawk can be differentiated from  T. unimaculata and  T. trimaculata by dorsal pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 153) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (680-725 (680) long; 540-560 (560) wide) ellipsoid with faint reddish-purple coloration medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-140 (132.5) long; 60-77.5 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (185-197.5 (190) long; 75-82.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 365-385 (365)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.21-1.32 (1.21); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.53 (1.53); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.81-2.21 (2.21); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.53 (2.53); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.43 (1.43).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (240-267.5 (260) long (ventral); 170-190 (185) long (dorsal); 115-125 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (82.5-95 (90) long; 42.5-52.5 (45) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (225-255 (240) long) with curved fangs (50-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.08-2.33 (2.17); rostrum length/width 1.80-2.00 (2.00). Pedipalps with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (41.25) long); femur (87.5-100 (95) long); genu (60-67.5 (65) long); tibia (77.5-87.5 (82.5) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (22.5-23.75 (23.75) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.48 (1.46); tibia/femur 0.87-0.92 (0.87); tibia length/width 3.00-3.18 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (800-850 (825) long; 600-630 (605) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (125-145 (125) long; 70-75 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (30-45 (35) long). Genital plates (190-205 (195) long; 157.5-170 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-285 (260) long (total); 130-140 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (355-370 (360) wide); anterior venter (187.5-200 (190) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.70-2.07 (1.79); anterior venter/genital field length 0.93-0.99 (0.97); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.12-1.21 (1.19); anterior venter/medial suture 4.44-6.33 (5.43).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 154) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (615-660 (655) long; 460-485 (470) wide) ellipsoid with faint reddish-purple coloration medially. Anterio-medial platelets (120-130 (122.5) long; 65-76.25 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (180-192.5 (187.5) long; 75-80 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 355-375 (360)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.39 (1.39); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.31 (1.31); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.70-1.85 (1.81); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.25-2.50 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.44-1.54 (1.53).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (227.5-250 (250) long (ventral); 170-172.5 (172.5) long (dorsal); 105-107.5 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (80-90 (90) long; 40-45 (45) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (210-225 (225) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.17-2.33 (2.33); rostrum length/width 2.00-2.13 (2.00). Pedipalps with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (36.25-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (87.5-92.5 (90) long); genu (60-67.5 (65) long); tibia (75-80 (77.5) long; 26.25-28.75 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.37-1.50 (1.38); tibia/femur 0.83-0.89 (0.86); tibia length/width 2.73-2.95 (2.82).</p>
            <p>Venter - (735-780 (780) long; 510-530 (520) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (107.5-127.5 (120) long; 65-70 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (120-130 (130) long). Genital plates (145-155 (152.5) long; 105-107.5 (105) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250-280 (280) long (total); 145-155 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-360 (360) wide); anterior venter (290-307.5 (307.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.54-1.82 (1.71); anterior venter/genital field length 1.93-2.03 (2.02); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.74-2.93 (2.93); anterior venter/medial suture 2.27-2.42 (2.37).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  mohawk ) named in honor of the Mohawk people (  Kanien’kehá :ka), in reference to the dorsal coloration of this species, which resembles the hair-style by the same name (as a noun in apposition). The modern hairstyle does not exactly match traditional Mohawk styles, which resembled that of other tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy. Nevertheless, mohawks the hairstyle, which were originally associated with the Mohawk people in the historically problematic film Drums Along the Mohawk (1939), remains a symbol of the Mohawk people. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Maine (Figure 152).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola mohawk and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution in the east, and short conical rostrum that is downturned in males, are consistent with placing this species in the Tricolor Complex and within the eastern clade of the Tricolor Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/691A665838B42705F6D4247A2F27C89F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
74963862567792A3ECDF7BAF3E3B0F99.text	74963862567792A3ECDF7BAF3E3B0F99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola mulleni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola mulleni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Wyoming, Fremont County, Wind River Mountains, Sinks Canyon, Popo Agie River, south of Lander, 1 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120049, DNA 2928.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (6 ♀; 5 ♂): Idaho, USA: 1 ♀ from Blaine County, Little Wood River (43°29'51"N, 114°3'28"W), 27 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0727-001  • 1 ♂ from Custer County, Morgan Creek (44°39'20"N, 114°12'56"W), 31 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0731-004  • Montana, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, East Fork Bitterroot River (45°51'40"N, 114°1'46"W), 3 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0803-005  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Missoula County, Lolo National Forest, off 12, Lolo Creek (46°46'7"N, 114°27'53"W), 7 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0807-003  • Utah, USA: 1 ♀ from Summit County, Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Slate Creek (40°37'45"N, 111°11'46"W), 23 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0723-006  • 1 ♂ from Wasatch County, Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Provo River (40°35'37"N, 111°5'43"W), 23 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0723-001  • Wyoming, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Fremont County, Wind River Mountains, Sinks Canyon, Popo Agie River, south of Lander, 1 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120049, DNA 2929  • 1 ♀ from Fremont County, Wind River Mountains, Sinks Canyon, Popo Agie River, south of Lander, 1 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120049  • 1 ♀ from Johnson County, Bighorn Mountains, Clear Creek, west of Buffalo Mosier Gulch Picnic Area, 28 Jul 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120041. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (4 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola mulleni are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Western 2-Plates" group (  T. nortoni ,  T. walteri , and  T. welbourni ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having faint dorsal coloration, and being distributed in the west. Female  T. mulleni can be differentiated from other female Western 2-Plates by having a longer medial suture (20-22.5 in  T. mulleni , 10-12.5 in others). Male  T. mulleni can be differentiated from other male Western 2-Plates by having a longer genital field (130-140 in  T. mulleni , 112-125 in others). Additionally,  T. mulleni can be differentiated from other Western 2-Plates by being distributed in the Rocky Mountains (Idaho, Montana, Utah and Wyoming) instead of California, Oregon and British Columbia. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 156) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (595-645 (640) long; 415-470 (440) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (127.5-145 (145) long; 40-47.5 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (151.25-165 (160) long; 50-57.5 (57.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300-330 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.37-1.45 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.34-1.47 (1.38); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.95-3.24 (3.22); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.75-3.15 (2.78); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.10-1.29 (1.10).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-327.5 (322.5) long (ventral); 225-245 (245) long (dorsal); 125-150 (145) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-135 (125) long; 40-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (300-335 (320) long) with curved fangs (40-65 (65) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.14-2.40 (2.22); rostrum length/width 2.78-3.18 (2.78). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-52.5 (42.5) long); femur (112.5-125 (117.5) long); genu (65-72.5 (67.5) long); tibia (82.5-90 (82.5) long; 26.25-28.75 (26.25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.70-1.75 (1.74); tibia/femur 0.70-0.78 (0.70); tibia length/width 3.0-3.33 (3.14).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-790 (770) long; 460-500 (490) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (160-175 (175) long; 75-90 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (20-22.5 (20) long). Genital plates (195-205 (205) long; 170-180 (175) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (285-300 (300) long (total); 115-135 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (302.5-335 (320) wide); anterior venter (145-162.5 (155) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.89-2.16 (2.06); anterior venter/genital field length 0.74-0.80 (0.76); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.85-0.91 (0.89); anterior venter/medial suture 6.89-8.0 (7.75).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 157) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (505-535 (530) long; 350-370 (360) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5-115 (110) long; 40-41.25 (40) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (142.5-147.5 (142.5) long; 50-52.5 (52.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 270-280 (280)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.44-1.47 (1.47); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.37 (1.29); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.61-2.88 (2.75); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.71-2.95 (2.71); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28-1.33 (1.30).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (262.5-277.5 (265) long (ventral); 195-210 (202.5) long (dorsal); 105-110 (105) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-110 (110) long; 37.5-40 (40) wide). Chelicerae (265-270 (270) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.39-2.58 (2.52); rostrum length/width 2.63-2.75 (2.75). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-40 (40) long); femur (97.5-102.5 (102.5) long); genu (60-65 (62.5) long); tibia (75-82.5 (82.5) long; 26.25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.64 (1.64); tibia/femur 0.75-0.80 (0.80); tibia length/width 2.73-3.00 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (620-650 (650) long; 390-425 (410) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (130-135 (132.5) long; 70-75 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (100-105 (102.5) long). Genital plates (130-140 (140) long; 100-110 (110) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (265-285 (285) long (total); 140-145 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (290-310 (310) wide); anterior venter (250-260 (250) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.77-1.93 (1.77); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-2.00 (1.79); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.27-2.60 (2.27); anterior venter/medial suture 2.38-2.60 (2.44).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  mulleni ) named in honor of Gary Mullen of Auburn University, who boldly devoted the entire second half of his Arachnology course to mites, and thus, in 2001, first introduced JRF to these creatures, sparking a life-long fascination. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Rocky Mountain region (Figure 155).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola mulleni groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the all analyses,  T. mulleni groups with the three other members of the  Rusetria Complex that are found in western North America:  T. nortoni ,  T. walteri , and  T. welbourni . These species are 5-7% different in COI sequence from each other.  T. mulleni is the only member of the  Rusetria Complex that occurs throughout Rocky Mountains. Only  T. walteri may overlap with this species in the northern Rockies of British Columbia; however, this overlap is speculative as  T. mulleni was not found in any of our British Columbia samples. Young (1969) reported  T. indistincta from Colorado, but we suspect this record represents  T. mulleni . </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, the fusion of the posterio-lateral platelets to the dorsal shield, phylogenetic position, and distribution, we place this species within the Western 2-Plate Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by non-overlapping distribution, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/74963862567792A3ECDF7BAF3E3B0F99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
FB959FB0C31D58B9BF53CE481BAC972E.text	FB959FB0C31D58B9BF53CE481BAC972E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola multiforma Habeeb 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola multiforma Habeeb, 1974</p>
            <p> Torrenticola multiforma Habeeb, 1974: 4. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): from USA, California, Humboldt County, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by Habeeb, HH640021.</p>
            <p>PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♂): from USA, California, Humboldt County, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Prairie Creek, 12 Jul 1964, by Habeeb, HH640021.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (95 ♀; 84 ♂): Arizona, USA: 1 ♀ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, Turkey Creek at Sycamore campground, east of Sunizona, 15 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870091  • British Columbia, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Atnarko River, at campground, 28 Jul 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830054A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Atnarko Slough, beside Highway 20, west of Youngs Creek Picnic Area, 4 Aug 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830064  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Belarko, Atnarko River, 24-26 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830049B &amp; IMS830049C  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Hotnarko River, at end of Atnarko tote road, 27 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830052  • 5 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Hotnarko River, at end of Atnarko tote road, 31 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830059A &amp; IMS830059B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Youngs Creek Picnic Area, Atnarko Slough, 24-27 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830048A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bella Coola Valley, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Youngs Creek Picnic Area, tributary of Atnarko Slough, 2 Aug 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830062C  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Fernie, Lizard Creek, beside Highway 3, 1.8 km west of Fernie Mountain Provincial Park, 16 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120073  • 1 ♂ from McClinchy River, beside Highway 20, west of Kleena Kleene, 5 Aug 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830068A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Youngs Creek, beside Highway 20, between Heckman Pass &amp; Bella Coola Valley, 5 Aug 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830065  • 5 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Caycuse, Nixon Creek, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760197 &amp; IMS760198  • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside Highway 4, 35.6 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760206  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, Robertson River, 4 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760183A  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, tributary of Robertson River, 4-10 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760182  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lost Shoe Creek, beside Highway 4, 1.3 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760202  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Malahat, Goldstream Provincial Park, Goldstream River, 26 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790028A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, North Shore Road, 3.2 kilometers south of Youbou, 4 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760190  • 3 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Youbou, Shaw Creek, North Shore Road, 4.3 kilometers south of north end of Cowichan Lake, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760196  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, spring-fed pool beside South Shore Road, 2.3 kilometers south of Caycuse, 26 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790052  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, spring run beside South Shore Road, 2.3 kilometers north of Lake Cowichan, 6 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790007  • California, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Del Norte County, Six Rivers National Forest, Middle Fork Smith River (41°51'20"N, 123°53'10"W), 15 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0815-002  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Mendocino County, Cottaneva Creek, beside Route 1, 21.8 kilometers southwest of Route 101, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870129A  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Mendocino County, small stream at beach access road, off Route 1, 2.6 kilometers south of Westport, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870128A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Mono County, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Leavitt Creek (38°18'40"N, 119°34'49"W), 31 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0831-004  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Mono County, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, West Walker River (38°21'59"N, 119°28'55"W), 31 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0831-003  • 1 ♀ from Monterey County, Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek (35°48'57"N, 121°21'29"W), 6 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0906-003  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Monterey County, Nacimiento River, beside Nacimiento-Ferguson Road at Nacimiento campground, 30 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870120A  • 2 ♀ from Monterey County, Pfeiffer State Park, Big Sur River (36°14'42"N, 121°46'43"W), 4 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0904-004  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Monterey County, Salmon Creek, beside Route 1, south of Gorda, 28 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870114A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Nevada County, beside Route 89, north of Hobart Mills, 13 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760109  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Nevada County, Tahoe National Forest, Sagehen Creek (39°26'2"N, 120°12'17"W), 26 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0826-006  • 1 ♀ from Plumas County, beside Route 89, north of Greenville, 14 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760113  • 1 ♀ from Siskiyou County, Klamath National Forest, Dead Cow Creek (41°57'16"N, 122°52'23"W), 16 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0816-002  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Stony Creek at Stony Creek Picnic Area, east of Sequoia National Park, 1 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870124A  • 1 ♀ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River, beside Route 33, just above Wheeler Gorge, 25-26 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870109A  • Idaho, USA: 1 ♀ from Blaine County, Salmon River, beside Route 75 between Obsidian &amp; Galena Summit, 3 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850067  • 1 ♂ from Blaine County, Sawtooth National Forest, Deer River (43°32'49"N, 114°26'31"W), 29 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0729-001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Custer County, Basin Creek campground, Basin Creek, beside Route 75 between Sunbeam &amp; Stanley, 2 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850066  • 1 ♀ from Custer County, Salmon River at picnic area, beside Route 93 north of Morgan Creek, 2 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850064  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lemhi County, North Fork of Salmon River, beside Route 93, 15 kilometers north of North Fork, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850062  • 1 ♀ from Lemhi County, Salmon National Forest, Indian Creek (45°24'12"N, 114°10'10"W), 2 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0802-001  • Nevada, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Elko County, Lamoille, Lamoille Creek near car park, at end of Lamoille Canyon Road, 12 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870143A  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Humboldt County, Paradise Valley, Dutch John Creek beside road, 8.3 kilometers north of Hinkey Summit, 11 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870142A  • New Mexico, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Catron County, Whitewater Creek, Glenwood Whitewater Picnic Area, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120005  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Glenwood Whitewater Creek at Whitewater Creek Picnic Area, 12 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lincoln County, Eagle Creek, beside Route 532, just above Route 37, 8 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870077  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from San Miguel County, Pecos, Pecos River, beside Route 63 at Dalton campground, 6 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870071  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from San Miguel County, stream near Route 63 in Dalton Canyon, 6 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870073  • 1 ♀ from Sante Fe County, Sante Fe, Tesuque Creek, beside Route 22, south of Tesuque, 5 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870070  • Montana, USA: 1 ♀ from Lake County, stream beside Route 83, 39.5 kilometers north of Condon, 30 Jun 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850059A  • 1 ♀ from Ravalli County, Beaverhead National Forest, East Fork Bitterroot River (45°51'40"N, 114°1'46"W), 3 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0803-004  • 1 ♂ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, Piquette Creek (45°51'24"N, 114°11'37"W), 6 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0806-002  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Ravalli County, Medicine Springs, Spring Gulch campground, East Fork of Bitterroot River, beside Route 93, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850060  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ from Clackamas County, Rhododendron Pioneer Tollgate campground, Zigzag River, 27 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760164  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Coal Creek, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830015  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Daphne Grove campground, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830017  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760162  • 1 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, Brush Creek, beside Route 1, 3 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830020A &amp; IMS830020B  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, Brush Creek, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830012  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Rogue River National Forest, Elk River (42°42'46"N, 124°18'41"W), 13 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0813-003  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Siskiyou National Forest, road 33 between Powers and Agness, North Fork of Foster Creek, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830019  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Sixes, Sixes River, beside road at mouth of Edson Creek, 4 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Multnomah County, Columbia River Scenic Highway, Horsetail Falls, 27 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830005  • Utah, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Summit County, North Fork of Provo River, beside Route 150, west of Provo River Overlook, 14 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870148  • 1 ♂ from Utah County, Uinta National Forest, Hobble Creek Road, upstream on Right Fork (40°10'9"N, 111°28'36"W), 22 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0722-001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Wasatch County, Provo River, beside Route 150 at Upper Provo River Bridge Picnic Area, 14 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870149  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Wasatch County, Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Holden Fork (40°47'19"N, 110°53'2"W), 23 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0723-003  • Washington, USA: 2 ♀ from Jefferson County, Rocky Brook (47°43'11"N, 122°56'32"W), 22 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0722-002  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lewis County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Snake Creek (46°38'52"N, 121°43'8"W), 23 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0723-006  • Wyoming, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Carbon County, Medicine Bow Mountains, Medicine Bow River, west of Arlington, 30 Jul 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120045  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Fremont County, Wind River Mountains, Sinks Canyon, Popo Agie River, 1 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120049. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Types (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola multiforma are similar to other members of the Ellipsoidalis Group (  T. ellipsoidalis ,  T. occidentalis , and  T. leviathan ), in being among the largest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum length ♀ = 700-885; ♂ = 665-850), although  T. sierrensis are also large (dorsum length ♀ = 700-880; ♂ = 590-735) but can easily be distinguished from the Ellipsoidalis Group by being circular instead of ellipsoid or rectangular (dorsum length/width = 1.17-1.28 in  T. sierrensis , 1.30-1.67 in Ellipsoidalis Group).  T. multiforma are best differentiated from other members of the Ellipsoidalis Group by having more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width = 2.5-2.8 in  T. multiforma , 1.84-2.27 in other Ellipsoidalis Group). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 159) (n = 6) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (700-850 (730) long; 500-615 (550) wide) ellipsoid with highly variable coloration, colorless to orange to purple without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (132.5-150 (145) long; 65-77.5 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-230 (195) long; 77.5-92.5 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 380-465 (400)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.31-1.41 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26-1.38 (1.38); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.94-2.27 (2.23); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.87 (2.36); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.34-1.57 (1.34).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (340-385 long (ventral); 255-284 long (dorsal); 145-172.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (132.5-152.5 long; 50-55 wide). Chelicerae (336-395 long) with curved fangs (62-79 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.19-2.46; rostrum length/width 2.5-2.8. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-45 long); femur (115-127.5 long); genu (75-90 long); tibia (87.5-95 long; 27.5-32.5 wide); tarsus (17.5-20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.42-1.53; tibia/femur 0.71-0.78; tibia length/width 2.77-3.18.</p>
            <p>Venter - (840-1010 long; 588-679 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (165-217.5 long; 82.5-100 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5-32.5 long). Genital plates (210-242.5 long; 197.5-222.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (295-380 long (total); 123-170 long (medial)); Cx-3 (359-441 wide); anterior venter (175-212.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.89-2.44; anterior venter/genital field length 0.79-0.92; anterior venter length/genital field width 0.86-1.05; anterior venter/medial suture 5.83-11.14.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 160) (n = 6) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (665-790 long; 470-580 wide) ellipsoid with highly variable coloration, colorless to orange to purple without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (125-165 long; 60-77.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (185-222.5 long; 75-87.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 365-450). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.41; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.38; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.97-2.33; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.46-2.67; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.48.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-380 long (ventral); 236-284) long (dorsal); 137.5-170 tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-150 long; 45-60 wide). Chelicerae (309-382.5 long) with curved fangs (63-75 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.16-2.34; rostrum length/width 2.50-2.79. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-45 long); femur (102.5-122.5 long); genu (70-87.5 long); tibia (80-95 long; 26.25-32.5 wide); tarsus (17.5-20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.40-1.50; tibia/femur 0.73-0.79; tibia length/width 2.91-3.33.</p>
            <p>Venter - (805-940 long; 479-653 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (172.5-197.5 long; 75-100 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (62.5-82.5 long). Genital plates (175-190 long; 140-155 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (308-375 long (total); 127-180 long (medial)); Cx-3 (351-421 wide); anterior venter (225-270 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.92-2.30; anterior venter/genital field length 1.29-1.46; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.57-1.81; anterior venter/medial suture 3.27-4.00.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1974) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  multiforma ). However, he notes that the males "vary a lot in size." Thus, we suspect the specific epithet refers to the variable body size males of this species (multus, L. many; forma, L. form). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Western (Figure 158).  T. multiforma was previously known only from Prairie Creek, California (Habeeb 1974), but we expand its range to include most of western North America. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola multiforma groups other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and specimens are 0-3% different in COI sequence. This is higher sequence variability than in many species hypotheses presented herein. However, given the topology in the COI tree (Figure 10) and morphological similarity, it seems apparent that the variability represents a continuum across a large distribution, rather than isolated species. </p>
            <p> In all analyses,  T. multiforma groups with  T. ellipsoidalis and  T. regalis , which are greater than 10% different from each other. Based upon overall similarity, body size, and distribution, we place this species within the Ellipsoidalis Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by phylogenetic affinity, biogeography, high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB959FB0C31D58B9BF53CE481BAC972E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
C0774CE07C49A82863D9C6F6621DFA2D.text	C0774CE07C49A82863D9C6F6621DFA2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola neoanomala Habeeb 1957	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola neoanomala Habeeb, 1957</p>
            <p> Torrenticola neoanomala Habeeb, 1957: 2. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from Canada, New Brunswick, Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 Jun 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530075.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♀ from Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 Jun 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530075.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (27 ♀; 26 ♂; 1 nymph): Arkansas, USA: 1 nymph from Montgomery County, Caddo Gap, access track off Manfred Road, 0.3 km west of Route 8, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037  • 1 ♀ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Mill Creek (36°3'42.12"N, 93°8'7.62"W), 30 May 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0530-004  • Kentucky, USA: 1 ♂ from McCreary County, White Oak Junction, Rock Creek, beside Forest Route 556, 2.3 kilometers south of Route 1363, 8 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900082A  • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11 at bridge, Aroostook River (46°38'N, 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Piscataquis County, Baxter State Park, Trout Brook, beside road, 25 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800125A  • 1 ♂ from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012  • Missouri, USA: 1 ♀ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, Red Bluff campground, east of Davisville, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029  • 1 ♂ from McDonald County, Tiff City, beside Route 43, Buffalo Creek (36°40'17"N, 94°36'17"W), 2 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960004  • New Brunswick, Canada: 2 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdeguash River, beside Highway 770 at covered bridge, 30 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890053  • 3 ♀ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110118  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from York County, Magaguadavic River, beside Highway 3 just east of Thomaston Corners, 1 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890055A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, Nashwaak River, beside Highway 8, 1.7 kilometers north of Durham Bridge Road, 2 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890058  • New York, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Essex County, Minerva Boreas River, beside Route 28N, 13.8 kilometers northwest of Morse Memorial Parkway, 21 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900050A  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Schuyler County, beside Town Line Road off Route 228, 0.6 kilometers south of Perry City, 21 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900112A  • Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Antigonish County, Antigonish, West River, 1 Jul 1981, IMS810050  • 1 ♂ from Guysborough County, Sherbrooke, St.  Mary’s River, 17 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110087  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Victoria County, Cape Brenton Island, Baddeck River, beside road to Baddeck Forks, 18 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810082  • Ontario, Canada: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Grey County, Durham, Saugeen River, beside County Road 27 near Durham Conservation Area, 9 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890028A  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ from Fayette County, Ohiopyle State Park, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountians National Park, Little River (35°40'56"N, 83°39'2"W), 8 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090103  • 2 ♀ from Monroe County, Tellico River, beside Forest Route 210, 1.8 kilometers east of bridge at Bald River Falls, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079  • Texas, USA: 1 ♂ from Shackelford County, Albany, beside Route 180, 4.6 kilometers east of Route 283 (32°44'29"N, 99°14'17"W), 3 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960007  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ from Alleghany County, Longdale Furnace, Simpson Creek, beside Forest Road 108, 1.7 kilometers west of Route 850, 14 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900094  • West Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Pendleton County, North Fork South Branch Potomac River, beside Route 28/55, 20.8 kilometers southwest of Route 42, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900104. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola neoanomala are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba , and  T. shubini ), Elongata Group (  T. elongata ,  T. gorti , and  T. reduncarostra ) and  T. interiorensis ,  T. bondi ,  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. arktonyx . They can be differentiated from  Rusetria 4-Plates and  T. skvarlai by having distinct hind coxal margins.  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni by having a straight, anteriorly-directed rostrum (upturned in  T. erectirostra and  T. robisoni ).  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from  T. arktonyx by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. arktonyx has distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly).  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from  T. racupalpa and  T. irapalpa by having more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.79-3.23 in  T. neoanomala , 2.17-2.67 in others) and Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.37-1.5 in  T. neoanomala , 1.58-2.77 in others).  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from Elongata Group by being slightly more ovoid (dorsum length/width ♀ = 1.35-1.43 in  T. neoanomala , 1.45-2.08 in Elongata Group; ♂ = 1.43-1.50 in  T. neoanomala , 1.51-1.7 in Elongata Group) and having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.59-2.90 in  T. neoanomala , 3.24-4.00 in Elongata Group).  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from  T. bondi by having a longer medial suture (♀ = 22-40 in  T. neoanomala , 10-15 in  T. bondi ; ♂ = 95-108 in  T. neoanomala , 55-70 in  T. bondi ) and by anterior venter/genital field width (♀ = 1.39-1.45 in  T. neoanomala , 1.15-1.25 in  T. bondi ; ♂ = 2.42-2.66 in  T. neoanomala , 1.95-2.05 in  T. bondi ). Female  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from female  T. interiorensis by having more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.86-3.09 in  T. neoanomala , 2.62-2.67 in  T. interiorensis ). Male  T. neoanomala can be differentiated from male  T. interiorensis by having a longer anterior venter (267.5-290 in  T. neoanomala , 220-240 in  T. interiorensis ) and a longer genital field (145-160 in  T. neoanomala , 132-138 in  T. interiorensis ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 162) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-680 (650) long; 420-480 (480) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (135-155 (140) long; 52.5-65 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-205 (205) long; 57.5-70 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-345 (345)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.43 (1.35); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.50 (1.39); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.23-2.58 (2.33); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.86-3.09 (3.04); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.46 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-350 long (ventral); 235-259 long (dorsal); 130-152.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-142.5 long; 45-55 wide). Chelicerae (315-358 long) with curved fangs (56-61 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.46; rostrum length/width 2.59-2.89. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (110-128.75 (123.75) long); genu (67.5-75 (70) long); tibia (77.5-90 (90) long; 21.25-25 (25) wide); tarsus (16.25-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.63-1.81 (1.77); tibia/femur 0.67-0.74 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.58-3.68 (3.60).</p>
            <p>Venter - (680-820 (770) long; 480-570 (570) wide) mostly colorless with faint bluish-purple or purple in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (147.5-177.5 (160) long; 87.5-107.5 (107.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (22.5-40 (40) long). Genital plates (157.5-187.5 (187.5) long; 140-155 (145) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-334 (325) long (total); 144-169 (162.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (336-412.5 (412.5) wide); anterior venter (195-225 (207.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-1.78 (1.49); anterior venter/genital field length 1.11-1.27 (1.11); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.39-1.45 (1.43); anterior venter/medial suture 5.19-9.44 (5.19).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 163) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (545-635 (555) long; 370-430 (370) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (120-130 (120) long; 48.75-62.5 (48.75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (167.5-197.5 (167.5) long; 55-62.5 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-315 (265)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.50 (1.50); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.37-1.49 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.08-2.46 (2.46); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.79-3.23 (2.79); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.52 (1.40).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5-315 (272.5) long (ventral); 207.5-235 (207.5) long (dorsal); 97.5-122.5 (97.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (112.5-127.5 (112.5) long; 38.75-45 (38.75) wide). Chelicerae (262-307 (267.5) long) with curved fangs (48-58 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.57-2.79 (2.79); rostrum length/width 2.67-2.90 (2.90). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (40) long); femur (100-115 (100) long); genu (60-70 (60) long); tibia (78.75-87.5 (78.75) long; 20-26.25 (20) wide); tarsus (15-20 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.69 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.74-0.80 (0.79); tibia length/width 3.33-3.94 (3.94).</p>
            <p>Venter - (675-770 (675) long; 420-515 (470) wide) mostly colorless with faint bluish-purple or purple in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (127.5-152.5 (127.5) long; 68.75-90 (73.75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (95-107.5 (102.5) long). Genital plates (145-160 (150) long; 102.5-120 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-323 (270) long (total); 142-169 (152.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (322-384 (340) wide); anterior venter (267.5-290 (272.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.69-2.15 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-1.90 (1.82); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.42-2.66 (2.66); anterior venter/medial suture 2.60-2.83 (2.66).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1957) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  neoanomala ). In fact, Habeeb (1955) initially identified the specimens as the Palaearctic  T. anomala , but later (1957) writes, "The mite I reported as  Torrenticola anomala (Koch) is now seen to be distinct from this European form." So, this name surely refers to the similarity of this species to the  T. anomala (Koch, 1837) (  néos , G. new). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> T. neoanomala was previously known only from Albert County, New Brunswick, but we extend its range throughout eastern North America (Figure 161). Records from Shackelford County, Texas, make  T. neoanomala one of the few eastern  Torrenticola that are found in the Great Plains. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola neoanomala groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2.5% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. neoanomala groups with the superficially similar  T. interiorensis , and specimens from these species are greater than 9% different in COI sequence from each other. </p>
            <p>Based upon this relationship and their similarity, we place these species in the Neoanomala Identification Group. The Neoanomala Group shares a phylogenetic affinity for members of the similar-looking Erectirostra Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0774CE07C49A82863D9C6F6621DFA2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
4D8AB9D466E67C3DD142A824028A0B57.text	4D8AB9D466E67C3DD142A824028A0B57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola nigroalba Habeeb 1955	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola nigroalba Habeeb, 1955</p>
            <p> Torrenticola nigroalba Habeeb, 1955: 2. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, New Brunswick, Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 Jun 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530075.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (0 ♀; 1 ♂): New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 Jun 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530075.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (83 ♀; 80 ♂): Alabama, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Clay County, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 kilometers northeast of road from Forest Route 600 to Campbell Springs, Talladega Creek, 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A  • 1 ♂ from Cleburne County, beside Route 431, 3.3 kilometers southeast of Calhoun, Jackson Creek (33°36'N, 85°42'W), 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900074  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from DeKalb County, Desoto State Park, beside Trail Y, West Fork of Little River (34°29'N, 85°32'W), by IM Smith, IMS920053A  • Georgia, USA: 1 ♂ from Chattooga County, Cloudland, beside Route 48, East Fork Little River (34°31'25"N, 85°30'23"W), 29 Sep 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050110A  • 1 ♂ from Floyd County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, 1.8 kilometers south of The Pocket campground, Johns Creek, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076  • Kentucky, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bell County, Middlesboro, Sugar Run (36°38'N, 83°39'W), 9 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900084  • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11 at bridge, Aroostook River (46°38'N, 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, beside Route 2A, 7 miles northeast of Macwahoc, Wytopitlock Stream, 5 Sep 1968, by DR Cook, DRC680063  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, Monticello, North Branch Meduxnekeag River, 28 Aug 1964, by DR Cook, DRC640042  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Franklin County, smalls Falls Picnic Area, beside Route 4, Sandy River (44°52'N, 70°31'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890069  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Piscataquis County, Baxter State Park, Trout Brook, 25 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800125A  • 4 ♀ from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192, 6 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012  • Michigan, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cheboygan County, Pigeon River, 23 Jun 1952, by DR Cook, DRC520023  • New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 30 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890053  • 8 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110118  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Northumberland County, beside Highway 108, Renous River, 18 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800111  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Restigouche County, Mount Carleton Provincial Park, Nictau River, 16 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800109  • 2 ♂ from Victoria County, near Limestone, small stream, 26 Aug 1964, by DR Cook, DRC640036  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from York County, beside Highway 3, just east of Thomaston Corners, Magaguadavic River, 1 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890055A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, beside Highway 8, 1.7 kilometers north of Durham Bridge Road, Nashwaak River, 2 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890058  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, beside Highway 107, 27.3 kilometers west of Road J-19, North Branch of Southwest Miramichi River, 22 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810092B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, beside Road J-19, 6.3 kilometers north of Nashwaak Experimental Watershed headquarters, Napadogan Brook, 23 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810095A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, Nashwaak Experimental Watershed, Narrow Mountain Brook, 21 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800120A  • New Hampshire, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Coos County, White Mountain National Forest, Zealand Picnic Area, Ammonoosuc River, 29 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800130  • New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Sussex County, beside Flatbrook Road, 2.6 kilometers north of Route 206 at Tuttles Corner, Big Flat Brook, 23 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900053  • New York, USA: 3 ♂ from Essex County, beside Route 28N, 13.8 kilometers northwest of Morse Memorial Parkway at Minerva, Boreas River, 21 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900050A  • North Carolina, USA: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Big Creek (35°45'3.92"N, 83°6'31.67"W), 15 Sep 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090008A  • 2 ♂ from Swain County, Oconaluftee River (35°32'34.76"N, 83°18'14.13"W), 6 Aug 2008, by AJ Radwell, AJR080019A  • 1 ♂ from Yancey County, Lost Cove Picnic Area on Forest Route 472, 2.8 kilometers south of Route 80, South Toe River, 28 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900065A  • Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Antigonish County, Antigonish, West River, 1 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810050  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Cape Brenton Highlands National Park, beside Cabot Trail, south of Neils Harbour, Halfway Brook, 4 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810058  • 5 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Cape Brenton Highlands National Park, picnic area above Mary Ann Falls, Mar Ann Brook, 5 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810060  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Cape Brenton Island, Victoria County, Ingonish, beside Cabot Trail, Dundas Brook, 11 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810074  • 2 ♀ from Inverness, Cheticamp River, 10 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110071  • 1 ♂ from Luneburg County, New Germany, LaHave River, beside Highway 10, 23 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110098  • 1 ♀ from Colchester County, Wentworth, picnic area beside Highway 104, tributary of Wallace River, 19 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810085  • Ontario, Canada: 1 ♂ from Algoma District, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Agawa River, 28 Aug, 1965, by DR Cook, DRC650001  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Grey County, Durham, beside County Road 27, near Durnham Conservation Area, Saugeen River, 9 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890028A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hastings County, Madawaska, beside Highway 60, Opeongo River, 29 Aug 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810033A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, east of Davis Road before Highway 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110053  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lanark County, beside Lanark Road #12, between Lanark and Fallbrook, Mississippi River, 6 October 1983, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS830094A &amp; IMS830094B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Muskoka District, Huntsville, East River Xing road to Dyer Memorial, 26 Aug 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810032A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Nipissing District, Algonquin Provincial Park, at Highway 60, near Lake of Two Rivers, Madawaska River, 15 May 1980, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS800004B &amp; IMS800004C  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Peterborough County, crossing Highway 28 at picnic area just north of Woodview, Eels Creek, 13 Jun 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810018A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Thunder Bay District, Rossport, Rossport Provincial Campground, off Highway 17, McLeans Creek, 3 Aug 1988, by IM Smith, IMS880065  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Fayette County, Dunbar Creek (39°56'16"N, 79°35'3.70"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-002  • 1 ♀ from Fayette County, off Meadow Run Road, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005  • Quebec, Canada: 1 ♂ from Stanstead County, Tompkin Stream, Tomifobia River (45°0'31"N, 72°7'6"W), 20 Aug 1996, by IM Smith &amp; M MacKenzie, IMS960056  • Tennessee, USA: 2 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Cades Cove, Abrams River (35°35'31"N, 83°51'21"W), 17 Sep 2010, IMS100141  • 2 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Monroe County, Turkey Creek at confluence with Tellico River, 12 Sep 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090004  • 2 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong Little Pigeon River (35°43'32"N, 83°24'2"W), 2 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090093  • Vermont, USA: 2 ♀ from Addison County, beside road from Lincoln to Ripton, Middlebury River (44°0'N, 73°1'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890075  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Addison County, Lincoln, beside US Forest Service Road #54, Haven River (44°6'N, 72°59'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890074  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Alleghany County, Covington, beside Route 18, 0.5 kilometers north of Route 657, Potts Creek, 13 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900091A  • 1 ♀ from Amherst County, Upper Otter Creek Overlook beside Blue Ridge, Otter Creek (37°36'57"N, 79°19'27"W), 7 Sep 2007, by IM Smith, IMS070056A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Bath County, beside Route 287, 2.4 kilometers south of Bacova, Cowardin Run, 15 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900097  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bath County, beside Forest Route 1843, 3.5 kilometers south of Route 220, Jackson River, 16 Jul 1990, IMS900100  • 1 ♀ from Giles County, Mechanicsburg, beside Dismal Creek Road, Standrock Brook (37°11'38"N, 80°53'26"W), 9 Sep 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050066  • 3 ♂ from Highland County, 4.8 kilometers northwest of McDowell, Crab Run, 23 Jul 1964, by DR Cook, DRC640013  • 1 ♀ from Montgomery County, Blacksburg, beside Route 321 at Caldwell, Craig Creek (37°20'N, 80°20'W), 12 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900089A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Page County, beside Route 730, 0.2 kilometers west of Route 675, Passage Creek, 25 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900059  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Washington County, Damascus, beside Route 58 near boundary of Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, Laurel River, 10 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900085A  • West Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Randolph County, Laurel Fork Campground, off Forest Route 14, south of Wymer, Laurel Fork of Cheat River, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900102. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola nigroalba are similar to other members of the Nigroalba Group (  T. flangipalpa ,  T. solisorta ,  T. dentirostra ) in being small, slightly elongate, having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly, and having distinct yet poorly-defined hind coxal margins.  T. nigroalba can be differentiated from  T. flangipalpa in having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extension (flange-like and anteriorly-directed in  T. flangipalpa ); a shorter anterior venter (200-223 in  T. nigroalba , 235-265 in  T. flangipalpa ); and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/ width ♀ = 5.38-5.83 in  T. nigroalba , 4.79-5.00 in  T. flangipalpa ; ♂ = 5.08-5.33 in  T. nigroalba , 4.40-4.86 in  T. flangipalpa ).  T. nigroalba can be differentiated from  T. dentirostra by having a smooth rostrum (  T. dentirostra has a dentate bump midway on the dorsal edge of the rostrum) and by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 5.3-5.9 in  T. nigroalba , 4.5-5.0 in  T. dentirostra ; ♂ = 5.0-5.4 in  T. nigroalba , 4.5-4.7 in  T. dentirostra ).  T. nigroalba can be differentiated from  T. solisorta by lacking orangish coloration immediately anterior to the purple dorsal coloration, although rarely specimens have been found with this coloration. Female  T. nigroalba are also slightly larger (500-530 in  T. nigroalba , 475-500 in  T. solisorta ); have a thinner gnathosomal bay (length/width = 1.25-1.55 in  T. nigroalba , 1.3-1.5 in  T. solisorta ); and have a slightly thicker subcapitulum (3.00-3.14 in  T. nigroalba , 3.14-3.30 in  T. solisorta ). Male  T. nigroalba also have a longer medial suture with respect to the anterior venter (anterior venter/medial suture = 2.54-2.77 in  T. nigroalba , 2.87-3.26 in  T. solisorta ) and a thinner dorsum (290-300 in  T. nigroalba , 305-320 in  T. solisorta ). Other  Torrenticola with purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly can be confused with  T. nigroalba , such as  T. tahoei and  T. oregonensis . Both of these species are larger (dorsum length ♀ = 500-530 in  T. nigroalba , 600-810 in others; ♂ = 440-455 in  T. nigroalba , 560-820 in others) and distributed in the west (  T. nigroalba is eastern). </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 165) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500-530 (510) long; 330-365 (350) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration restricted posteriorly (rarely with faint orange at the anterior edge of the purple, especially medially). Anterio-medial platelets (105-112.5 (105) long; 40-47.5 (40) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-160 (157.5) long; 46.25-52.5 (50) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 230-260 (245)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.42-1.53 (1.46); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.46 (1.43); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.32-2.65 (2.63); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.90-3.26 (3.15); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.51 (1.50).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (280-298 long (ventral); 197.5-220 long (dorsal); 92.5-97.5 tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (102.5-112.5 long; 35-40 wide). Chelicerae (273-287 long) with curved fangs (40-53 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.03-3.14; rostrum length/width 2.81-3.10. Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua ending broadly and dentate. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-35 (32.5) long); femur (90-95 (95) long); genu (55-57.5 (57.5) long); tibia (85-92.5 (87.5) long; 15-16.25 (13.75) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (12.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.64-1.73 (1.65); tibia/femur 0.92-0.97 (0.92); tibia length/width 5.38-5.83 (5.38).</p>
            <p>Venter - (620-660 (640) long; 340-430 (430) wide) with faint bluish purple or purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (110-120 (110) long; 72.5-82.5 (82.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (50-55 (55) long). Genital plates (135-142.5 (137.5) long; 122.5-132.5 (123.75) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (243-250 (250) long (total); 98-140 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (239-285 (285) wide); anterior venter (200-212.5 (203.75) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.33-1.55 (1.33); anterior venter/genital field length 1.42-1.53 (1.48); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.51-1.68 (1.65); anterior venter/medial suture 3.70-4.25 (3.70).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 166) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (440-455 (455) long; 290-300 (295) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (92.5-100 (97.5) long; 35-42.5 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (137.5-150 (142.5) long; 40-47.5 (47.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 205-225 (225)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.50-1.55 (1.54); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.31-1.41 (1.31); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.26-2.86 (2.79); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.00-3.63 (3.00); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.38-1.58 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (247.5-260 (250) long (ventral); 181-188.75 (188.75) long (dorsal); 77.5-82.5 (82.5) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (92.5-97.5 (97.5) long; 32.5-35 (32.5) wide). Chelicerae (225-237.5 (237.5) long) with curved fangs (35-40 (40) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.03-3.23 (3.03); rostrum length/width 2.79-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua ending broadly and dentate. Palpomeres: trochanter (25-30 (25) long); femur (77.5-82.5 (78.75) long); genu (50-55 (50) long); tibia (76.25-83.75 (80) long; 15-16.25 (15) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.50-1.65 (1.58); tibia/femur 0.95-1.05 (1.02); tibia length/width 5.08-5.33 (5.33).</p>
            <p>Venter - (550-570 (550) long; 313-380 (370) wide) with faint bluish purple or purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (100-107.5 (102.5) long; 60-70 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (77.5-87.5 (80) long). Genital plates (105-118.75 (118.75) long; 85-92.5 (90) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (216-237 (235) long (total); 97-135 (127.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (230-263 (255) wide); anterior venter (212.5-222.5 (215) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.43-1.75 (1.52); anterior venter/genital field length 1.81-2.12 (1.81); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.32-2.51 (2.39); anterior venter/medial suture 2.54-2.77 (2.69).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1955) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  nigroalba ). However, surely this name refers to the dorsal coloration being half pigmented (purple) and half unpigmented (yellow), although Habeeb (1955) identified these colors as black and white (niger, L. black; albus, L. white). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Northeastern and southward throughout the Appalachians (Figure 164).  T. nigroalba was previously known only from Albert County, New Brunswick; we extend its distribution throughout the Appalachians and into Ottawa. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola nigroalba groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support in all analyses and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. nigroalba groups with two other morphologically similar species:  T. flangipalpa and  T. solisorta . These three species are greater than 12% different from each other in COI sequence. That clade of three species corresponds to an identification group, the Nigroalba Group, the members of which are easily differentiated by their size, coloration, long medial suture in females, and overall appearance. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D8AB9D466E67C3DD142A824028A0B57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
EDEA8A9FEDF3BE55FE1C97F4B82C98C1.text	EDEA8A9FEDF3BE55FE1C97F4B82C98C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola nortoni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola nortoni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Wilson Creek (40°25'17"N, 123°3'5"W), 20 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0820-003, DNA 3000.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (9 ♀; 5 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from USA, California, Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Wilson Creek (40°25'17"N, 123°3'5"W), 20 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0820-003, DNA 2996  • 5 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Plumas County, Plumas National Forest, Silver Creek (39°56'60"N, 121°2'17"W), 24 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0824-005  • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Wilson Creek (40°25'17"N, 123°3'5"W), 20 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0820-003  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Sequoia National Forest, Brush Creek (35°57'57"N, 118°28'43"W), 3 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0903-002. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (5 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola nortoni are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Western 2-Plates" group (  T. mulleni ,  T. walteri , and  T. welbourni ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having faint dorsal coloration (some are colorless), and being distributed in the west. Female  T. nortoni can be differentiated from  T. welbourni (female only known) by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (3.13-3.33 in A33, 3.73 in A30) and shorter pedipalp femora (112.5-122.5 in A33, 137.5 in A30). Female  T. nortoni can be differentiated from female  T. mulleni by having a shorter medial suture (10-12.5 in A33; 20-22.5 in A31) and a shorter genital field (177.5-192.5 in A33, 195-205 in A31). Male  T. nortoni can be differentiated from male  T. mulleni by having shorter pedipalp femora (85-93 in  T. nortoni , 97-103 in  T. mulleni ). Additionally,  T. nortoni can be differentiated from  T. mulleni by being distributed in California, instead of in the Rocky Mountains (Idaho, Montana, Utah and Wyoming). Female  T. nortoni can be differentiated from female  T. walteri by having slightly longer pedipalp femora with respect to genua (1.69-1.82 in  T. nortoni , 1.52-1.64 in  T. walteri ) and slightly more elongate anterio-medial platelets (2.74-3.06 in  T. nortoni , 2.58-2.72 in  T. walteri ). Male  T. nortoni can be differentiated from male  T. walteri by having longer pedipalp femora (85-92.5 in  T. nortoni , 95-100 in  T. walteri ) and slightly more elongate pedipalp tibiae (2.73-3.0 in  T. nortoni , 3.05-3.10 in  T. walteri ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 168) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (570-645 (580) long; 420-480 (435) wide) ovoid with faint orange coloration or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-131.25 (125) long; 40-47.5 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155-180 (162.5) long; 50-57.5 (57.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 295-320 (310)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.31-1.36 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.50 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.74-3.06 (2.94); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.83-3.20 (2.83); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.22-1.38 (1.30).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-330 (325) long (ventral); 232.5-243.25 (240) long (dorsal); 132.5-140 (132.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-130 (130) long; 43.75-50 (45) wide). Chelicerae (315-325 (325) long) with curved fangs (60-66 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.34-2.45 (2.45); rostrum length/width 2.60-2.89 (2.89). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-50 (45) long); femur (112.5-122.5 (120) long); genu (62.5-72.5 (70) long); tibia (80-90 87.5) long; 25-28.75 (26.25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.69-1.82 (1.71); tibia/femur 0.71-0.73 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.13-3.33 (3.33).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-760 (730) long; 470-560 (490) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (152.5-167.5 (167.5) long; 81.25-95 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-12.5 (12.5) long). Genital plates (177.5-192.5 (182.5) long; 160-182.5 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-281 (280) long (total); 110-124 (110) long (medial)); Cx-3 (300-365 (320) wide); anterior venter (157.5-177.5 (157.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.61-1.97 (1.97); anterior venter/genital field length 0.86-0.92 (0.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.97-0.98 (0.98); anterior venter/medial suture 12.6-17.75 (12.6).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 169) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (450-500 (455) long; 310-380 (320) wide) ovoid with faint orange coloration or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5-105 (102.5) long; 35-37.5 (37.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (127.5-145 (137.5) long; 45-53.75 (45) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 240-285 (245)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.32-1.45 (1.42); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.37 (1.31); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.67-2.80 (2.73); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.60-3.06 (3.06); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28-1.44 (1.34).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-267.5 (252.5) long (ventral); 180-195 (192.5) long (dorsal); 95-107.5 (97.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (97.5-105 (105) long; 35-37.5 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (246-260 (250) long) with curved fangs (45-52 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.49-2.63 (2.59); rostrum length/width 2.67-2.80 (2.80). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-42.5 (37.5) long); femur (85-92.5 (92.5) long); genu (52.5-60 (56.25) long); tibia (66.25-75 (67.5) long; 22.5-27.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.54-1.64 (1.64); tibia/femur 0.73-0.81 (0.73); tibia length/width 2.73-3.00 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (560-620 (590) long; 350-431 (370) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (106-128 (122.5) long; 65-67.5 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (82.5-110 (102.5) long). Genital plates (112.5-125 (115) long; 90-102.5 (90) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (211-230 (230) long (total); 100-110 (110) long (medial)); Cx-3 (260-292 (270) wide); anterior venter (232.5-250 (240) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.60-1.89 (1.88); anterior venter/genital field length 1.96-2.13 (2.09); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.39-2.67 (2.67); anterior venter/medial suture 2.18-2.82 (2.34).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  nortoni ) named in honor of acarologist Roy Norton who taught JRF oribatids during the Soil Mite Course at The Ohio State University Acarology Summer Program; specifically for his talent in weaving biological stories into his lessons. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>California (Figure 167).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola nortoni groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the all analyses,  T. mulleni groups with the three other members of the  Rusetria Complex that are found in western North America:  T. mulleni ,  T. walteri , and  T. welbourni . These species are 5-7% different in COI sequence from each other and together make up the Western 2-Plate Identification Group.  Torrenticola nortoni is one of three of these that occur in California (including  T. walteri and  T. welbourni ). </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDEA8A9FEDF3BE55FE1C97F4B82C98C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
90CFC3B959CDBF8B02D91BDED21C225E.text	90CFC3B959CDBF8B02D91BDED21C225E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola occidentalis (Marshall 1933) Marshall 1933	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola occidentalis (Marshall, 1933)</p>
            <p> Atractides occidentalis Marshall, 1933: 40. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola occidentalis Mitchell, 1954: 40. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Wyoming, Medicine Bow National Forest, 1928, by JW Scott, RM280072.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola occidentalis are similar to other members of the Ellipsoidalis Group (  T. ellipsoidalis ,  T. multiforma , and  T. leviathan ), and in being among the largest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum length ♀ = 700-885; ♂ = 665-850), although  T. sierrensis are also large (dorsum length ♀ = 700-880; ♂ = 590-735) but can easily be distinguished from the Ellipsoidalis Group by being circular instead of ellipsoid or rectangular (dorsum length/width = 1.17-1.28 in  T. sierrensis , 1.30-1.67 in Ellipsoidalis Group).  T. occidentalis can be differentiated from  T. ellipsoidalis by having a shorter medial suture (20 in  T. occidentalis , 40-57.5 in  T. ellipsoidalis ) and by having more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.54 in  T. occidentalis , 2.00-2.39 in  T. ellipsoidalis ).  T. occidentalis can be differentiated from  T. multiforma by having stockier subcapitular rostra (length/width = 2.15 in  T. occidentalis , 2.5-2.8 in  T. multiforma ).  T. occidentalis can be differentiated from  T. leviathan by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.33 in  T. occidentalis , 3.43-4.20 in  T. leviathan ) and a shorter dorsum (length ♀ = 770 in  T. occidentalis , 845-870 in  T. leviathan ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 171) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (770 long; 590 wide) ellipsoid with pink coloration without a distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (145 long; 76.25 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (235 long; 92.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 455). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.31; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.90; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.54; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.62.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (370 long (ventral); 282.5 long (dorsal); 170 tall) colorless. Rostrum (145 long; 67.5 wide) short. Chelicerae (370 long) with curved fangs (75 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.18; rostrum length/width 2.15. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50 long); femur (127.5 long); genu (87.5 long); tibia (100 long; 30 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.46; tibia/femur 0.78; tibia length/width 3.33.</p>
            <p>Venter - (980 long; 660 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (202.5 long; 97.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (20 long). Genital plates (235 long; 210 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (385 long (total); 180 long (medial)); Cx-3 (430 wide); anterior venter (217.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.08; anterior venter/genital field length 0.93; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.04; anterior venter/medial suture 10.88.</p>
            <p>Male unknown.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Marshall (1933) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  occidentalis ). However, surely this name refers to the type locality of this species in western United States (occidens, L. direction of the setting sun, west). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from South-central Wyoming (Medicine Bow National Forest) (Figure 170), from a single female collected from trout stomach contents.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola occidentalis and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine the holotype. Based upon overall similarity and a short, conical rostrum, we place this species in the Miniforma Complex and the Ellipsoidalis Identification Group </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90CFC3B959CDBF8B02D91BDED21C225E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
B38B6DBAA45529D75BA5DF8188265BC6.text	B38B6DBAA45529D75BA5DF8188265BC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola oliveri Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola oliveri Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Oregon, Curry County, Siskiyou National Forest; beside Road #33 between Powers and Agness, (42°39'39"N, 124°4'4"W), 2 July 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830019.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 4 ♂): California, United States: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Mendocino County, beside Rt. 1, 3.6 km southwest of Rt. 101, (39°51'51"N, 123°44'44"W), 5 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870130  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Trinity County, beside Rt. 36, 5.2 km west of Forest Glen Station, (40°23'23"N, 123°21'21"W), 6 August 1987, by IM Smith &amp; JD Smith, IMS870132  • Oregon, United States: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Curry County, Siskiyou National Forest; beside Road #33 between Powers and Agness, (42°39'39"N, 124°4'4"W), 2 July 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830019  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford; Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area off Rt. 101, (42°41'41"N, 124°26'26"W), 1 July 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830013  • 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford; Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area off Rt. 101, (42°41'41"N, 124°25'25"W), 1 July 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830012  • Washington, United States: 1 ♀ from Pierce County, Mt. Rainier National Park; Sunshine Point Campground, (46°44'44"N, 121°54'54"W), 30 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760177. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola oliveri are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. copipalpa ,  T. manni ,  T. miniforma ,  T. pacificensis ,  T. rockyensis , and  T. pinocchio ) in having similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group).  T. oliveri can be differentiated from all other members of Miniforma Complex by having a longer anterior venter (250-310 in  T. oliveri , 173-235 in others) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.68-4.13 in  T. oliveri , 2.47-3.50 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 173) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (615-710 (645) long; 480-545 (490) wide) ovoid with faint pink coloration without a distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (125-157.5 (130) long; 65-75 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (210-245 (210) long; 75-87.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 370-430 (395)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.27-1.34 (1.32); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.24-1.30 (1.24); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.92-2.10 (2.00); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.63-2.97 (2.80); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.56-1.68 (1.62).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (370-397.5 (397.5) long (ventral); 285-297.5 (297.5) long (dorsal); 112.5-122.5 (117.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (150-160 (160) long; 47.5-50 (50) wide). Chelicerae (380-415 (415) long) with curved fangs (55-65 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.08-3.38 (3.38); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.20 (3.20). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, tuberculate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (33.75-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (110-118.75 (118.75) long); genu (75-83.75 (83.75) long); tibia (80-87.5 (85) long; 20-23.75 (22.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.53 (1.42); tibia/femur 0.72-0.75 (0.72); tibia length/width 3.68-4.00 (3.78).</p>
            <p>Venter - (770-835 (805) long; 550-650 (580) wide) with faint pink coloration. Gnathosomal bay (155-167.5 (167.5) long; 70-90 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (80-95 (80) long). Genital plates (190-205 (205) long; 170-180 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (320-340 (320) long (total); 140-185 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (340-400 (360) wide); anterior venter (250-290 (250) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.75-2.31 (2.31); anterior venter/genital field length 1.22-1.45 (1.22); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.39-1.63 (1.39); anterior venter/medial suture 2.86-3.38 (3.13).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 174) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (575-640 (590) long; 445-470 (470) wide ovoid with faint pink coloration without a distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (125-140 (125) long; 60-75 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (205-220 (220) long; 65-90 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 355-375 (375)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.26-1.39 (1.26); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.28 (1.25); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.87-2.17 (2.08); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.39-3.15 (2.75); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.54-1.76 (1.76).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325-367.5 (355) long (ventral); 260-285 (262.5) long (dorsal); 105-110 (110) tall) colorless. Rostrum (135-145 (135) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (350-410 (365) long) with curved fangs (55-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.10-3.34 (3.23); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.11 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, tuberculate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-35 (35) long); femur (105-107.5 (107.5) long); genu (75-80 (80) long); tibia (82.5-90 (87.5) long; 20-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.34-1.40 (1.34); tibia/femur 0.79-0.86 (0.81); tibia length/width 4.00-4.13 (4.12).</p>
            <p>Venter - (725-795 (725) long; 515-540 (540) wide) with faint pink coloration. Gnathosomal bay (142.5-150 (150) long; 60-70 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (105-130 (105) long). Genital plates (155-165 (160) long; 120-130 (130) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-310 (295) long (total); 145-165 (150) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-350 (350) wide); anterior venter (270-310 (270) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.14-2.40 (2.14); anterior venter/genital field length 1.69-1.88 (1.69); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.08-2.58 (2.08); anterior venter/medial suture 2.27-2.57 (2.57).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  oliveri ) named in honor of comedian John Oliver and his team, whose commentary on Last Week Tonight breaches the realm of comedy and enters journalism. News and politics, like science, require both challenging misinformation and effectively communicating those challenges-tasks Oliver has humbly mastered. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Pacific Northwest (Figure 172).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola oliveri and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, small size, distribution, and distinctive flange on pedipalpal genua place this species in the Miniforma Identification Group within the Miniforma Complex. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B38B6DBAA45529D75BA5DF8188265BC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
FDF673E9842E0784C17FA81DBE4FA3BF.text	FDF673E9842E0784C17FA81DBE4FA3BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola olliei Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola olliei Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Oregon, Douglas County, Umpqua National Forest, Umpqua River (43°17'28"N, 122°37'12"W), 12 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0812-006. </p>
            <p> PARATYPES (9 ♀; 12 ♂): British Columbia, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Malahat, Goldstream Provincial Park, Goldstream River, 26 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790028A  • California, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Humboldt County, Honeydew, Mattole River, beside road to Bull Creek on east side of bridge, 8 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870135A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Trinity County, Trinity River, beside Route 299, 8.7 kilometers northwest of Del Loma, 9 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870137A  • 1 ♀ from Trinity County, Weaver Creek, beside Route 299, 4.3 kilometers north of Route 3 West, 9 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870138A &amp; IMS870138B  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Daphne Grove campground, Coquille River, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830016  • 3 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25-26 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760163  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, small spring run beside road from Humbug Mountain State Park to McGribble campground, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760161  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Douglas County, Umpqua National Forest, Umpqua River (43°17'28"N, 122°37'12"W), 12 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0812-006  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Douglas County, Umpqua National Forest, Umpqua River (43°17'28"N, 122°37'12"W), 12 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0812-006. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (5 ♀; 6 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola olliei are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. olliei can be differentiated from most  Torrenticola , including most other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a very short rostrum (length/width = 1.56-1.81 in  T. olliei , 1.80-3.13 in others), except  T. bittikoferae (1.81-1.9) and  T. dimorpha (1.3-1.6). Additionally, males have a shorter anterior venter than all other Tricolor Complex (♂ = 205-225 in  T. olliei , 230-335 in others), except  T. kringi (220-255), and both males and females have a wider genital field than most other Tricolor Complex (♀ = 190-202.5 in  T. olliei , 145-180 in others; ♂ = 130-137.5 in  T. olliei , 92.5-120 in others) except for  T. sierrensis (♀ = 180-212.5; ♂ = 135-175) and female  T. leviathan (180-195). Finally,  T. olliei can be differentiated from most Tricolor Complex, except for  T. sierrensis , by being distributed in the west (all others are eastern). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 176) (n=5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (690-900 (690) long; 500-670 (500) wide) ovoid with orange coloration separated into posterior and anterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-172.5 (130) long; 60-80 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (190-235 (190) long; 70-92.5 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 360-470 (360)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.34-1.42 (1.38); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.31-1.43 (1.39); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.95-2.23 (2.17); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.71 (2.71); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.46 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (245-287.5 (245) long (ventral); 155-225 (155) long (dorsal); 137.5-152.5 (137.5) tall) colorless and tall. Rostrum (85-112.5 (85) long; 50-67.5 (50) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (225-305 (225) long) with curved fangs (55-65 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.78-1.92 (1.78); rostrum length/width 1.62-1.76 (1.70). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-50 long); femur (87.5-122.5 (87.55) long); genu (58.75-82.5 (60) long); tibia (75-102.5 (75) long; 25-33.75 (25) wide); tarsus (25-30 (26.25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.46-1.51 (1.46); tibia/femur 0.84-0.90 (0.86); tibia length/width 3.00-3.08 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (790-1050 (810) long; 550-765 (550) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (120-170 (150) long; 75-97.5 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (12.5-50 (12.5) long). Genital plates (202.5-230 (212.5) long; 190-202.5 (190) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-375 (280) long (total); 130-195 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-465 (350) wide); anterior venter (162.5-255 (162.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.37-2.00 (2.00); anterior venter/genital field length 0.76-1.11 (0.76); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.85-1.28 (0.86); anterior venter/medial suture 5.10-13.00 (13.00).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 177) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (560-640 (570) long; 410-460 (410) wide) ovoid with orange coloration separated into posterior and anterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (102.5-125 (107.5) long; 50-70 (56.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-187.5 (170) long; 62.5-80 (62.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-375 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.44 (1.39); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.19-1.33 (1.28); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.71-2.25 (1.91); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.72 (2.72); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.50-1.68 (1.58).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (197.5-220 (212.5) long (ventral); 147.5-160 (159) long (dorsal); 115-125 (115) tall) colorless and tall. Rostrum (70-82.5 (72.5) long; 40-50 (40) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (195-220 long) with curved fangs (47.5-52.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.65-1.85 (1.85); rostrum length/width 1.56-1.81 (1.81). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-35 (32.5) long); femur (75-77.5 (76.25) long); genu (52.5-55 (52.5) long); tibia (67.5-75 (67.5) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (20-25 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.41-1.48 (1.45); tibia/femur 0.89-0.97 (0.89); tibia length/width 2.70-3.00 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (650-710 (650) long; 444-530 (444) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-137.5 (127.5) long; 62.5-75 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (70-80 (75) long). Genital plates (165-172.5 (165) long; 130-137.5 (130) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (234-270 (235) long (total); 102-135 (102) long (medial)); Cx-3 (311-355 (312) wide); anterior venter (200-225 (207.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.70-2.04 (2.04); anterior venter/genital field length 1.19-1.30 (1.26); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.54-1.67 (1.60); anterior venter/medial suture 2.67-2.93 (2.77).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  olliei ) named in honor of Ollie-pet Boston Terrier of JRF and DMF-whose brachycephaly resembles the short rostrum of this species, the shortest of all  Torrenticola . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Pacific coastal mountains (Figure 175).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola olliei groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support in all analyses and group with  T. sierrensis to form the western portion of this complex. Only one specimen was analyzed phylogenetically, so intraspecific variation remains unknown, but that specimen is greater than 6% different from all specimens of  T. sierrensis . This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDF673E9842E0784C17FA81DBE4FA3BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
E9614F351BAA169025C05FAA36084BFF.text	E9614F351BAA169025C05FAA36084BFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola oregonensis Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola oregonensis Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Oregon, Grant County, Prairie City; Strawberry Forest Camp, (44°19'19"N, 118°40'40"W), 17 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760126.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (3 ♀; 3 ♂): Oregon, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Grant County, Prairie City; Strawberry Forest Camp, (44°19'19"N, 118°40'40"W), 17 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760126  • 1 ♀ from Benton County, Philomath; Marys Peak Campground, (44°30'30"N, 123°33'33"W), 23 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760147  • 2 ♂ from Benton County, Philomath; Marys Peak Campground, (44°30'30"N, 123°33'33"W), 27 June 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830006  • 1 ♀ from Benton County, Philomath; Marys Peak Campground, (44°30'30"N, 123°33'33"W), 28 June 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830008  • 1 ♀ from Grant County, Prairie City; beside Rt. 26 just east of Dixie Pass, (44°32'32"N, 118°32'32"W), 17 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760125. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola oregonensis are similar to the other member of Tahoei group,  T. tahoei by subcapitulum shape, having purple coloration restricted posteriorly and being distributed in the west and to members of the Nigroalba Group (  T. flangipalpa ,  T. nigroalba ,  T. solisorta , and  T. dentirostra ) in having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly.  T. oregonensis can be differentiated from the Nigroalba Group by being larger (dorsum length ♀ = 760-840 in  T. oregonensis , 475-565 in Nigroalba Group; ♂ = 690-820 in  T. oregonensis , 425-510 in Nigroalba Group) and distributed in Oregon (Nigroalba Group are eastern).  T. oregonensis can be differentiated from  T. tahoei by being larger (dorsum length ♀ = 760-840 in  T. oregonensis , 600-720 in  T. tahoei ; ♂ = 690-820 in  T. oregonensis , 560-650 in  T. tahoei ; dorsum width ♀ = 560-640 in  T. oregonensis , 430-515 in  T. tahoei ; ♂ = 520-605 in  T. oregonensis , 400-460 in  T. tahoei ) and a less elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 2.63-2.74 in  T. oregonensis , 3.25-4.11 in  T. tahoei ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 179) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (760-840 (760) long; 560-640 (560) wide) ovoid with faint pink coloration medially, occasionally continuing posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (145-163.75 (145) long; 72.5-87.5 (72.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (222.5-247.5 (222.5) long; 97.5-102.5 (100) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 435-495 (435)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.36 (1.36); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.29 (1.29); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.85-2.21 (2.00); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.23-2.45 (2.23); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.48-1.56 (1.53).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (380-415 (380) long (ventral); 280-307.5 (280) long (dorsal); 140-157.5 (140) tall) colorless. Rostrum (152.5-170 (152.5) long; 60-65 (60) wide). Chelicerae (380-425 (380) long) with curved fangs (70-75 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.63-2.71 (2.71); rostrum length/width 2.48-2.62 (2.54). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and tuberculate extensions on genua that are slightly dentate. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-46.25 (42.5) long); femur (115-133.75 (115) long); genu (83.75-95 (83.75) long); tibia (100-110 (100) long; 25-27.5 (25) wide); tarsus (16.25-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.37-1.43 (1.37); tibia/femur 0.78-0.87 (0.87); tibia length/width 3.81-4.00 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (900-990 (900) long; 660-750 (660) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (170-185 (170) long; 75-100 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (60-80 (60) long). Genital plates (210-230 (210) long; 185-205 (185) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (330-370 (330) long (total); 162.5-190 (170) long (medial)); Cx-3 (410-470 (410) wide); anterior venter (230-270 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.80-2.27 (2.27); anterior venter/genital field length 1.04-1.22 (1.10); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.24-1.32 (1.24); anterior venter/medial suture 3.00-3.83 (3.83).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 180) (n = 3) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (690-820 (820) long; 520-605 (605) wide) ovoid with faint pink coloration medially, occasionally continuing posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (140-155 (150) long; 67.5-82.5 (82.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (215-247.5 (247.5) long; 87.5-102.5 (102.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 420-480 (480)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.36 (1.36); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.24-1.26 (1.26); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.82-2.30 (1.82); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.25-2.46 (2.41); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.45-1.65 (1.65).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (370-380 (380) long (ventral); 275-290 (290) long (dorsal); 135-140 (140) tall) colorless. Rostrum (145-150 (150) long; 52.5-60 (60) wide). Chelicerae (375-395 (395) long) with curved fangs (65-70 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.64-2.74 (2.71); rostrum length/width 2.50-2.76 (2.50). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and tuberculate extensions on genua that are slightly dentate. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-43.75 (43.75) long); femur (115-127.5 (127.5) long); genu (82.5-87.5 (87.5) long); tibia (97.5-102.5 (102.5) long; 25-26.25 (26.25) wide); tarsus (15-16.25 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.31-1.46 (1.46); tibia/femur 0.80-0.85 (0.80); tibia length/width 3.90-3.90 (3.90).</p>
            <p>Venter - (840-930 (930) long; 610-710 (710) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (157.5-172.5 (157.5) long; 70-100 (100) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (100-120 (120) long). Genital plates (165-175 (175) long; 130-140 (140) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (330-340 (340) long (total); 160-180 (180) long (medial)); Cx-3 (390-455 (455) wide); anterior venter (275-325 (325) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.58-2.46 (1.58); anterior venter/genital field length 1.65-1.86 (1.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.11-2.32 (2.32); anterior venter/medial suture 2.71-2.75 (2.71).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  oregonensis ) refers to the distribution of this species, which was paradoxically found in several ecoregions across Oregon, but not in surrounding areas. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Oregon (Figure 178).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola oregonensis and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. Due to its unique set of characteristics, we are unable to place this species into a species group or complex. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9614F351BAA169025C05FAA36084BFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
06B3F8E2AF9BFE1D2CAF842BAA8B417B.text	06B3F8E2AF9BFE1D2CAF842BAA8B417B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola pacificensis Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola pacificensis Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Washington, Clallam County, Green Creek (48°10'45"N, 124°12'21"W), 24 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0724-005. </p>
            <p> PARATYPES (34 ♀; 31 ♂): British Columbia, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Caycuse, Nixon Creek, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760197 &amp; IMS760198  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside Highway 4, 35.6 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760206  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside Highway 4, 1.3 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, Lost Shoe Creek, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760202  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Skutz Falls, Skutz Creek, near Cowichan River, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790036A &amp; IMS790036B  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Cowichan River, above Skutz Falls, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790035  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, Robertson River, 4 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760183A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, tributary of Robertson River, 10 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760183B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, tributary of Robertson River, 4-10 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760182  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Malahat, Goldstream Provincial Park, Goldstream River, 26 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790028A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Malahat, Goldstream Provincial Park, near Mt. Finlayson Trail, 26 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790027A  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside South Shore Road, 2.3 kilometers south of Caycuse, 26 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790052  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside North Shore Road, 1.7 kilometers north of Lake Cowichan, 7 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790008C  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, North Shore Road, 3.2 kilometers south of Youbou, 4 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760190  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Youbou, North Shore Road, Shaw Creek, 4.3 kilometers south of north end of Cowichan Lake, by IM Smith, IMS760196  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Benton County, Marys Peak near Philomath, Parker Creek, 27-28 Jun 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830006  • 1 ♀ from Benton County, Marys Peak near Philomath, Parker Creek, 28 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830007  • 1 ♂ from Benton County, Philomath, Marys Peak campground, Park Creek, 23 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760146  • 1 ♀ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, road 33 between Powers and Agness, Coal Creek, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830015  • 1 ♀ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, road 33 between Powers and Agness, 0.5 kilometers east of Daphne Grove campground, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830017  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, small spring run beside road from Humbug Mountain State Park to McGribble campground, 25 Jun 1976, IMS760161  • 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, Brush Creek, beside Route 1, 3 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830020A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Siskiyou National Forest, road 33 between Powers and Agness, North Fork of Foster Creek, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830019  • 1 ♀ from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lincoln County, Blackberry campground near Tidewater, Alsea River, 28 Jun 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830009  • 4 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Marion County, Marion Forks Riverside campground, North Fork of Santiam River, 22 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760145  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Multnomah County, Columbia River Scenic Highway, stream below Horsetail Falls, 27 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830005  • 1 ♀ from Tillamook County, Siuslaw National Forest, Alder Creek (45°9'27"N, 123°47'60"W), 6 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0806-002  • Washington, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Clallam County, Green Creek (48°10'45"N, 124°12'21"W), 24 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0724-005  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Clallam County, Green Creek (48°10'45"N, 124°12'21"W), 24 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0724-005  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lewis County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Snake Creek (46°38'52"N, 121°43'8"W), 23 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0723-006  • 1 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Snohomish County, Mount Baker National Forest, Marten River (48°4'19"N, 121°36'24"W), 28 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0728-002. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (29 ♀; 325♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pacificensis are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. copipalpa ,  T. manni ,  T. miniforma ,  T. rockyensis ,  T. oliveri , and  T. pinocchio ) in having short, stocky pedipalps (except  T. oliveri and  T. pinocchio ); similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except  T. oliveri ).  T. pacificensis are best differentiated from  T. rockyensis by females having a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 2.59-2.68 in  T. pacificensis , 2.72-2.91 in  T. rockyensis ); and by being distributed in the Pacific Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon instead of the Rocky Mountains (Idaho &amp; Montana).  T. pacificensis are best differentiated from  T. copipalpa by having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extensions (broad and flat in  T. copipalpa ) and by being distributed in the Pacific Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon, whereas although  T. pacificensis overlap, they are more southern (southwest Oregon &amp; California).  T. pacificensis are best differentiated from  T. manni by having stockier tibiae (length/width = 2.67-3.00 in  pacificensis , 3.13-3.38 in  T. manni ); having a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 2.59-2.68 in  T. pacificensis , 3.00-3.13 in  T. manni ; ♂ = 2.76-3.07 in  T. pacificensis , 3.13-3.20 in  T. manni ); and by being distributed in the Pacific Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon, whereas  T. manni is only known from Catron County, New Mexico.  T. pacificensis are best differentiated from  T. miniforma by having stockier anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.00-2.16 in  T. pacificensis , 2.44-2.65 in  T. miniforma ); stockier subcapitular rostra (length/width = 2.59-3.07 in  T. pacificensis ; 3.13-3.19 in  T. miniforma ); and by being distributed in the Pacific Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon, whereas  T. miniforma is only known from Humboldt County, California.  T. pacificensis can be differentiated from  T. oliveri by having a shorter anterior venter (177-235 in  T. pacificensis , 250-310 in  T. oliveri ) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.6-3.0 in  T. pacificensis , 3.6-4.2 in  T. oliveri ).  T. pacificensis can be differentiated from  T. pinocchio by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.5-3.1 in  T. pacificensis , 4.5-4.9 in  T. pinocchio ) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.67-3.00 in  T. pacificensis , 3.13-3.50 in  T. pinocchio ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 182) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (530-625 (580) long; 335-430 (400) wide) ovoid with purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (100-117.5 (110) long; 47.5-55 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-170 (162.5) long; 52.5-63.75 (57.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 270-345 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.42-1.58 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.24-1.36 (1.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.05-2.14 (2.10); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.63-2.95 (2.83); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.48 (1.48).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (287.5-325 (300) long (ventral); 210-236 (225) long (dorsal); 110-125 (115) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-127.5 (120) long; 41.25-47.5 (45) wide). Chelicerae (265-331 (305) long) with curved fangs (50-62 (52.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.52-2.65 (2.61); rostrum length/width 2.59-2.68 (2.67). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with nearly tuberculate, dentate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-35 (32.5) long); femur (85-95 (95) long); genu (57.5-67.5 (65) long); tibia (55-67.5 (62.5) long; 20-23.75 (22.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.40-1.48 (1.46); tibia/femur 0.65-0.71 (0.66); tibia length/width 2.71-3.00 (2.78).</p>
            <p>Venter - (650-770 (720) long; 434-521 (440) wide) colorless or with faint purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-142.5 (140) long; 66.25-87.5 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (47.5-55 (50) long). Genital plates (162.5-185 (180) long; 143.75-172.5 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (230-289 (250) long (total); 110-142 (120) long (medial)); Cx-3 (280-331 (280) wide); anterior venter (177.5-205 (182.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-2.07 (2.07); anterior venter/genital field length 1.01-1.11 (1.01); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.07-1.23 (1.14); anterior venter/medial suture 3.38-3.89 (3.65).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 183) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (525-590 (550) long; 355-375 (370) wide) ovoid with purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5-115 (102.5) long; 47.5-55 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (147.5-162.5 (147.5) long; 52.5-57.5 52.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-290 (290)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.48-1.57 (1.49); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.28-1.30 (1.28); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.16 (2.16); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.73-2.83 (2.81); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.41-1.54 (1.44).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-287.5 (285) long (ventral); 195-220 (212) long (dorsal); 103.75-115 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5-117.5 (113.75) long; 35-42.5 (38.75) wide). Chelicerae (251-281 (273) long) with curved fangs (46-57 (47) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.50-2.65 (2.65); rostrum length/width 2.76-3.07 (2.94). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with nearly tuberculate, dentate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-32.5 (32.5) long); femur (82.5-90 (85) long); genu (57.5-65 (62.5) long); tibia (55-60 (57.5) long; 20-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-16.25 (16.25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.36-1.50 (1.36); tibia/femur 0.65-0.68 (0.68); tibia length/width 2.67-2.94 (2.71).</p>
            <p>Venter - (645-740 (740) long; 388-460 (431) wide) colorless or with faint purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (120-140 (135) long; 60-75 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (82.5-87.5 (82.5) long). Genital plates (140-147.5 (140) long; 110-120 (113.75) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (243-277 (277) long (total); 120-146 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (245-310 (300) wide); anterior venter (216.25-235 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.60-2.25 (2.25); anterior venter/genital field length 1.50-1.59 (1.57); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.89-1.98 (1.93); anterior venter/medial suture 2.49-2.69 (2.67).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  pacificensis ) refers to the distribution of this species in the Pacific Ranges of the Pacific Northwest. This location-based name reflects that locality is the best way to differentiate this species from others in the Miniforma Group, particularly  T. rockyensis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Western Oregon and western Washington (Figure 181). It seems reasonable to suspect  T. pacificensis also occurs in coastal British Columbia and northwestern California. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pacificensis groups with other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. pacificensis groups with three other morphologically similar species:  T. rockyensis ,  T. manni , and  T. copipalpa . These three species are greater than 4% different from each other in COI sequence. This species overlaps with  T. copipalpa in west-central Oregon, but is the only member of the Miniforma group that occurs north of that point of overlap. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, the pedipalp genu extensions, and western distribution, we were able to place this species in the Miniforma Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06B3F8E2AF9BFE1D2CAF842BAA8B417B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
7C5962D67BEEE4C829749B99BAE0F827.text	7C5962D67BEEE4C829749B99BAE0F827.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola pearsoni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola pearsoni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Arkansas, Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by AJ Radwell, &amp; B Crump, AJR110302.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (7 ♀; 10 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by AJ Radwell, &amp; B Crump, AJR110302  • 1 ♀ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Mill Creek (36°3'42.12"N, 93°8'7.62"W), 30 May 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0530-004  • 1 ♀ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Mill Creek (36°3'42.12"N, 93°8'7.62"W), 20 Jun 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0620-004  • 1 ♀ from Newton County, Ozark-St Francis National Forest, Little Buffalo River, 11 Jul 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0711-004  • Missouri, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, Red Bluff campground, east of Davisville, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029  • 1 ♂ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, Red Bluff campground, east of Davisville, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029  • 2 ♂ from McDonald County, Tiff City, beside Route 43, Buffalo Creek (36°40'17"N, 94°36'17"W), 2 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960004  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Oregon County, beside Route 19, north of Greer, Eleven Point (36°48'N, 91°20'W), 28 Jun 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870056  • Oklahoma, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Pushmataha County, beside Route 271, south of Albion, Walnut Creek (34°39'N, 95°7'W), 1 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870063A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (4 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (3 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pearsoni are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. pearsoni can be differentiated from most other Tricolor Complex (except  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri and  T. dimorpha ) by having diffuse pink dorsal coloration, whereas most other members have bold patterning.  T. pearsoni can be differentiated from  T. hoosieri by having ventral extensions on the pedipalp femora and genua (lacking in  T. hoosieri ) and having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 3.0-3.3 in  T. pearsoni , 3.6-4.4 in  T. hoosieri ). Male  T. pearsoni can be differentiated from  T. bittikoferae (males only) by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.2-1.3 in  T. pearsoni , 1.6-1.7 in  T. bittikoferae ); more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 3.1-3.3 in  T. pearsoni , 2.7-2.8 in  T. bittikoferae ); and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.1-2.4 in  T. pearsoni , 1.8-1.9 in  T. bittikoferae ).  T. pearsoni can be differentiated from  T. dimorpha by having an unmodified dorsal plate (  T. dimorpha has a dorsal plate medial extension covering nearly half the length of the anterio-medial platelets) and by males having unmodified pedipalps (male  T. dimorpha have large, highly modified pedipalps which are expanded vertically and laterally). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 185) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (620-730 (620) long; 455-500 (455) wide) ellipsoid with faint pink coloration without a distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (123.75-142.5 (123.75) long; 62.5-70 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (167.5-195 (167.5) long; 70-80 (72.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 365-395 (365)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.36-1.47 (1.36); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.21-1.30 (1.25); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.93-2.04 (1.98); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.64 (2.31); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.34-1.42 (1.35).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (247.5-290 (247.5) long (ventral); 170-210 (171) long (dorsal); 120-142.5 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (92.5-112.5 (92.5) long; 45-51.25 (45) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (220-274 (221) long) with curved fangs (53-75 (64) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.04-2.12 (2.06); rostrum length/width 2.06-2.25 (2.06). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and flat, flanged extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-50 (37.5) long); femur (96.25-120 (96.25) long); genu (57.5-75 (57.5) long); tibia (75-90 (75) long; 23.75-27.5 (23.75) wide); tarsus (20-25 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.69 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.70-0.80 (0.78); tibia length/width 3.00-3.27 (3.16).</p>
            <p>Venter - (742-802.75 (743) long; 505-610 (506) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (117.5-145 (132.5) long; 80-100 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (27.5-42.5 (30) long). Genital plates (180-187.5 (182.5) long; 147.5-155 (147.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (235-282 (260) long (total); 130-138 (137) long (medial)); Cx-3 (335-420 (336) wide); anterior venter (180-200 (187.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.26-1.69 (1.66); anterior venter/genital field length 1.00-1.07 (1.03); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.18-1.33 (1.27); anterior venter/medial suture 4.53-6.55 (6.25).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 186) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (620-675 (620) long; 430-495 (430) wide) ellipsoid with faint pink coloration without a distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (117.5-127.5 (117.5) long; 62.5-75 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-195 (188.75) long; 67.5-82.5 (70) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 355-410 (360)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.34-1.44 (1.44); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.19-1.24 (1.19); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.70-2.04 (1.88); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.36-2.70 (2.70); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.61 (1.61).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-260 (260) long (ventral); 170-187 (186) long (dorsal); 112.5-117.5 (112.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (92.5-102.5 (102.5) long; 42.5-46.25 (42.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (225-244 (239) long) with curved fangs (55-63 (63) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.20-2.31 (2.31); rostrum length/width 2.11-2.41 (2.41). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and flat, flanged extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (100-106.25 (106.25) long); genu (60-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (75-85 (75) long; 23.75-26.25 (23.75) wide); tarsus (22.5-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.54-1.67 (1.57); tibia/femur 0.71-0.83 (0.71); tibia length/width 3.10-3.24 (3.16).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-800 (720) long; 461-588 (461) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (110-130 (125) long; 70-87.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (107.5-135 (107.5) long). Genital plates (140-155 (152.5) long; 95-105 (95) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (276-302 (283) long (total); 140-167 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (334-414 (334) wide); anterior venter (285-335 (285) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.26-1.79 (1.79); anterior venter/genital field length 1.87-2.18 (1.87); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.93-3.19 (3.00); anterior venter/medial suture 2.30-2.85 (2.65).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  pearsoni ) named in honor of Pearson Dowling, son of APGD, for his unquenchable curiosity for all things big and small. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Interior Highlands of Missouri and Arkansas (Figure 184).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pearsoni groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex in all analyses with high support and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. pearsoni groups with two other species (  T. hoosieri and  T. projector ) with high support and these species are greater than 11% different from each other. Whereas most eastern members of the Tricolor Complex have distinctive patterns, this clade of three species contains members that lack dark patterns. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C5962D67BEEE4C829749B99BAE0F827	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
941EF75F7EDC7A112B853401AB21E38E.text	941EF75F7EDC7A112B853401AB21E38E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola pendula Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola pendula Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Maine, Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 June 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (1 ♀; 1 ♂): Maine, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 June 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012  • 1 ♀ from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 June 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC; paratype (1 ♀) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pendula are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae ,  T. microbiscutella ,  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east. It is one of only four Eastern 2-Plates that have dark, bold, bluish-purple coloration (also  T. tysoni ,  T. biscutella , and  T. sellersorum ).  T. pendula can be differentiated from other Eastern 2-Plates (except  T. whitneyae and  T. feminellai ) by having a more elongate gnathosomal bay (2.42-2.9 in  T. pendula , 1.4-2.24 in others) and often by having a dorsal pattern of dark bluish-purple separated into anterior and posterior portions connected medially. In the  Rusetria Complex only  T. whitneyae and  T. magnexa (rarely) has a similar pattern.  T. pendula can be differentiated from  T. magnexa by having anterio-medial platelets fully fused to the dorsal plate (anterio-lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate in  T. magnexa ).  T. pendula can be differentiated from  T. whitneyae by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.87-3.06 in  T. pendula , 2.41-2.69 in  T. whitneyae ).  T. pendula can be differentiated from  T. feminellai by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.78-3.05 in  T. pendula ; 3.63-4.11 in  T. feminellai ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 188) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (630-650 (630) long; 490-490 (490) wide) ovoid with bold purple coloration both anteriorly and posteriorly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (145-145 (145) long; 45-47.5 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-177.5 (170) long; 62.5-75 (62.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 350-350 (350)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.33 (1.29); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.40 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 3.05-3.22 (3.05); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.37-2.72 (2.72); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.17-1.22 (1.17).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-335 (335) long (ventral); 242-252 (252) long (dorsal); 147.5-147.5 (147.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (127.5-137.5 (137.5) long; 42.5-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (336-347 (347) long) with curved fangs (53-62 (62) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.17-2.27 (2.27); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.06 (3.06). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (102.5-107.5 (102.5) long); genu (67.5-71.25 (67.5) long); tibia (72.5-75 (75) long; 23.75-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.51-1.52 (1.52); tibia/femur 0.67-0.73 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.00-3.05 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (770-800 (770) long; 532-557 (557) wide) with bold purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (187.5-195 (195) long; 75-77.5 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-12.5 (12.5) long). Genital plates (180-186.25 (186.25) long; 168.75-172.5 (168.75) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-301 (290) long (total); 110-115 (115) long (medial)); Cx-3 (345-350 (346) wide); anterior venter (145-157.5 (145) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.42-2.60 (2.60); anterior venter/genital field length 0.78-0.88 (0.78); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.86-0.91 (0.86); anterior venter/medial suture 11.60-15.75 (11.60).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 189) (n = 1) (allotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (500 long; 380 wide) ovoid with bold purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (130 long; 41.25 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155 long; 62.5 wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 275). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.32; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38; anterio-medial platelet length/width 3.15; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.48; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5 long (ventral); 197.5 long (dorsal); 110 tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5 long; 37.5 wide). Chelicerae (280 long) with curved fangs 50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.48; rostrum length/width 2.87. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (38.75 long); femur (85 long); genu (58.75 long); tibia (62.5 long; 22.5 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.45; tibia/femur 0.74; tibia length/width 2.78.</p>
            <p>Venter - (620 long; 430 wide) with faint purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (152.5 long; 52.5 wide). Medial suture (72.5 long). Cxgl-4 subapical. Genital plates (126.25 long; 120 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250 long (total); 100 long (medial)); Cx-3 (300 wide); anterior venter (207.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.90; anterior venter/genital field length 1.64; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.73; anterior venter/medial suture 2.86.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  pendula ) named for the swinging torture axe described in "The Pit and the Pendulum" by Edgar Allan Poe, most artistic depictions of which resemble the dorsal patterning on this species. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Washington County, Maine (Figure 187).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pendula groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support. The two specimens (one male and one female) are 6.7% different in COI sequence from each other, suggesting each represents a separate species. However, in addition to similar overall appearance and occurring in the same sample, they also are indistinguishable in characters that are not usually sexually dimorphic (e.g., pedipalp proportions). Because of this, we consider these two specimens as the same species, despite the high COI variability. </p>
            <p> In all analyses,  T. pendula groups with other eastern members of the  Rusetria Complex that have posterio-lateral platelets fused with the dorsal shield, but in both analyses the position of this species within that clade was not well-supported. This species was 17-18% different in COI sequence from sister species. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, fusion of the lateral platelets with the dorsal shield, phylogenetic position, and distribution, we were able to place this species in the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by phylogenetic affinity, high divergence between species (17-18%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/941EF75F7EDC7A112B853401AB21E38E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
9A1C01BC0830104E3913D2D9D6D09574.text	9A1C01BC0830104E3913D2D9D6D09574.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola pinocchio Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola pinocchio Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Mendocino County, beside Rt. 128, 7.3 km south of Boonville, (38°57'57"N, 123°19'19"W), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870126A</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (3 ♀; 2 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Mendocino County, beside Rt. 128, 7.3 km south of Boonville, (38°57'57"N, 123°19'19"W), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870126A  • 1 ♀ from Trinity County, beside Rt. 36 at Forest Glen Station Campground, (40°23'23"N, 123°20'20"W), 6 August 1987, by IM Smith &amp; JD Smith, IMS870131  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford; Butler Bar Campground off Elk River Road, (42°43'43"N, 124°16'16"W), 25 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760162  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Sixes; Edson Creek Campground beside Sixes River Road, (42°48'48"N, 124°24'24"W), 4 July 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pinocchio are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. copipalpa ,  T. manni ,  T. miniforma ,  T. pacificensis ,  T. rockyensis , and  T. oliveri ) in having similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except  T. oliveri ).  T. pinocchio can be differentiated from all other  Torrenticola by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 4.58-3.91 in  T. pinocchio , 1.29-4.40 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 191) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-610 (580) long; 360-400 (370) wide) ellipsoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (95-115 (102.5) long; 47.5-50 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-165 (150) long; 55-65 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-310 (295)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.53-1.64 (1.57); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.30 (1.25); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.90-2.30 (2.16); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.50-2.82 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.63 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-310 (305) long (ventral); 230-240 (230) long (dorsal); 100-107.5 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (137.5-145 (140) long; 30-30 (30) wide). Chelicerae (290-305 (300) long) with curved fangs (40-45 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.84-3.05 (2.84); rostrum length/width 4.58-4.83 (4.67). Pedipalps with broad, dentate, and anteriorly-directed ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-30 (30) long); femur (97.5-102.5 (97.5) long); genu (67.5-71.25 (67.5) long); tibia (65-70 (70) long; 20-20 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.39-1.45 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.65-0.72 (0.72); tibia length/width 3.25-3.50 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Venter - Subcapitulum (720-755 (730) long; 400-450 (410) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (140-145 (145) long; 55-60 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (52.5-55 (55) long). Genital plates (155-167.5 (160) long; 135-150 (140) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-270 (270) long (total); 120-130 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (52.5-55 (55) wide); anterior venter (180-195 (192.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.42-2.59 (2.42); anterior venter/genital field length 1.16-1.20 (1.20); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.30-1.41 (1.38); anterior venter/medial suture 3.43-3.71 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 192) (n = 2) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (520-540 (520) long; 340-350 (340) wide) ellipsoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (95-102.5 (95) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-155 (145) long; 50-57.5 (50) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 260-270 (260)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.53-1.54 (1.53); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.31 (1.31); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.11-2.16 (2.11); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.70-2.90 (2.90); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.51-1.53 (1.53).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (275-290 (275) long (ventral); 215-225 (215) long (dorsal); 90-95 (95) tall) colorless. Rostrum (130-135 (130) long; 27.5-27.5 (27.5) wide). Chelicerae ((265) long) with curved fangs ((45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.89-3.22 (2.89); rostrum length/width 4.73-4.91 (4.73). Pedipalps with broad, dentate, and anteriorly-directed ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-32.5 (30) long); femur (90-96.25 (90) long); genu (67.5-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (62.5-65 (65) long; 18.75-20 (18.75) wide); tarsus (15-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.33-1.43 (1.33); tibia/femur 0.65-0.72 (0.72); tibia length/width 3.13-3.47 (3.47).</p>
            <p>Venter - (650-670 (650) long; 385-410 (385) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (120-125 (110) long; 50-52.5 (50) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (80-85 (80) long). Genital plates (117.5-125 (117.5) long; 97.5-100 (97.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-240 (240) long (total); 110-125 (110) long (medial)); Cx-3 (260-280 (260) wide); anterior venter (210-225 (210) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.29-2.50 (2.50); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-1.80 (1.79); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.15-2.25 (2.15); anterior venter/medial suture 2.63-2.65 (2.63).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  pinocchio ) refers to the elongate rostrum of this species, which resembles the ever-growing nose of Pinocchio (noun in apposition), a fictional character from the popular Italian  children’s novel, The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi (1883). Pinocchio is well-known for his nose, which grows every time he tells a lie. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>California and Oregon (Figure 190).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola pinocchio and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, small size, dentate flange on the pedipalpal genua, and distribution, are consistent with placing this species in the Miniforma Complex and Miniforma Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A1C01BC0830104E3913D2D9D6D09574	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
E7A3FB77D53D20D4A9BEABB0E8412FD9.text	E7A3FB77D53D20D4A9BEABB0E8412FD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola pollani Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola pollani Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Alabama, Lauderdale County, off Natchez Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162, DNA 1288.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 11 ♂): Alabama, USA: 2 ♂ from Clay County, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 kilometers northeast of road from Forest Route 600 to Campbell Springs, Talladega Creek, 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A  • 1 ♂ from Cleburne County, beside Route 431, 3.3 kilometers southeast of Calhoun, Jackson Creek (33°36'N, 85°42'W), 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900074  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162  • Georgia, USA: 1 ♂ from Floyd County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, 1.8 kilometers south of The Pocket Campground, Johns Creek, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076  • 1 ♂ from Floyd County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, 1.4 kilometers south of The Pocket Campground, tributary of Johns Creek, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076  • 2 ♂ from Floyd County, The Pocket Campground, between Everett Springs and Villanow, tributary of Johns Creek, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900073A  • 1 ♂ from White County, Helen, beside Road to Anna Ruby Falls, Smith Creek (34°44'N, 83°43'W), 24 Sep 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920051. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (2 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pollani are similar to other members of the  Rusetria “4-Plates” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. rufoalba , and  T. shubini ) and  T. skvarlai in having anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate, dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and indistinct hind coxal margins.  T. pollani can be differentiated from  T. dunni by having a smaller dorsum (length ♀ = 535-560 in  T. pollani , 605-680 in  T. dunni ; ♂ = 440-490 in  T. pollani , 500-540 in  T. dunni ; width ♀, 410-420 in  T. pollani , 440-490 in  T. dunni ; ♂ = 350-370 in A38, 310-340 in  T. pollani ); and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.3-3.8 in  T. pollani , 2.8-3.1 in  T. dunni ).  T. pollani can be differentiated from  T. shubini by having more elongate tibiae (length/width ♀ = 4.00-4.18 in  T. pollani , 3.35-3.60 in  T. shubini ; ♂ = 3.44-3.75 in  T. pollani , 3.11-3.22 in  T. shubini ) and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani , 2.24-2.85 in  T. shubini ).  T. pollani can be differentiated from  T. glomerabilis by having more elongate anterio-medial platelets (length/width ♀ = 2.5-3.0 in  T. pollani , 1.9-2.3 in  T. glomerabilis ; ♂ = 2.3-2.5 in  T. pollani , 1.9-2.2 in  T. glomerabilis ) and thinner dorsum (♀ = 410-420 in  T. pollani , 460-490 in  T. glomerabilis ; ♂ = 310-340 in  T. pollani , 395-430 in  T. glomerabilis ).  T. pollani can be differentiated from  T. kittatinniana by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani , 2.71-3.16 in  T. kittatinniana ) and more elongate tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.8-4.2 in  T. pollani , 3.3 in  T. kittatinniana ; ♂ = 3.44-3.75 in  T. pollani , 2.80 in  T. kittatinniana ).  T. pollani can be differentiated from  T. rufoalba by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani , 2.96-3.06 in  T. rufoalba ). Female  T. pollani can be differentiated from female  T. rufoalba by having more elongate tibiae (length/width = 3.8-4.2 in  T. pollani , 3.5 in  T. rufoalba ). Male  T. pollani can be differentiated from male  T. rufoalba by having a longer anterior venter (235-250 in  T. pollani , 195 in  T. rufoalba ).  T. pollani can be differentiated from  T. skvarlai by having a conical pedipalpal femoral tubercle, whereas  T. skvarlai has a broad and flat pedipalpal femoral tubercle, and by having a longer anterior venter (♀ = 155-163 in  T. pollani , 140-153 in  T. skvarlai ; ♂ = 235-250 in  T. pollani , 177.5-205 in  T. skvarlai ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 194) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (535-560 (550) long; 410-420 (415) wide) ovoid with purple to bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and occasionally with faint strip of orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (105-125 (105) long; 40-47.5 (40) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5-170 (152.5) long; 52.5-62.5 (52.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 270-290 (270)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.37 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.45-1.54 (1.54); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.50-3.03 (2.63); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.64-2.93 (2.90); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.34-1.47 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-332.5 (310) long (ventral); 236-257.5 (237) long (dorsal); 122.5-132.5 (122.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (133.75-150 (133.75) long; 35-41.25 (35) wide). Chelicerae (310-340 (315) long) with curved fangs (53-60 (56) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.43-2.61 (2.53); rostrum length/width 3.27-3.82 (3.82). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (40) long); femur (115-127.5 (117.5) long); genu (65-70 (65) long); tibia (80-92.5 (80) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.70-1.92 (1.81); tibia/femur 0.68-0.78 (0.68); tibia length/width 3.89-4.18 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (610-675 (675) long; 461-490 (489) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (142.5-170 (142.5) long; 77.5-97.5 (87.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (12.5-20 (17.5) long). Genital plates (157.5-175 (157.5) long; 137.5-152.5 (137.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (258-290 (259) long (total); 89-121 (96) long (medial)); Cx-3 (304-364 (310) wide); anterior venter (155-162.5 (157.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.63-2.13 (1.63); anterior venter/genital field length 0.89-1.02 (1.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.02-1.15 (1.15); anterior venter/medial suture 7.75-12.70 (9.00).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 195) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (440-490 (450) long; 310-340 (315) wide) ovoid with purple to bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and occasionally with faint strip of orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (92.5-102.5 (100) long; 40-42.5 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (140-155 (142.5) long; 42.5-50 (45) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 210-250 (215)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.44 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.32-1.48 (1.47); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.31-2.44 (2.35); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.10-3.29 (3.17); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.59 (1.43).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265-285 (265) long (ventral); 202-208 (203) long (dorsal); 87.5-100 (97.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (111.25-122.5 (111.25) long; 32.5-35 (32.5) wide). Chelicerae (257-280 (263) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (47) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.72-3.06 (2.72); rostrum length/width 3.41-3.54 (3.42). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-40 (35) long); femur (100-103.75 (101.25) long); genu (60-62.5 (60) long); tibia (72.5-80 (75) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.64-1.73 (1.69); tibia/femur 0.70-0.78 (0.74); tibia length/width 3.41-3.75 (3.75).</p>
            <p>Venter - (540-600 (555) long; 358-408 (359) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (95-127.5 (116.25) long; 65-77.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (92.5-110 (93.75) long). Genital plates (105-120 (110) long; 80-90 (83.75) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (210-250 (246) long (total); 84-125 (111) long (medial)); Cx-3 (266-300 (266) wide); anterior venter (235-250 (237.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.46-1.89 (1.66); anterior venter/genital field length 2.08-2.29 (2.16); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.78-3.03 (2.84); anterior venter/medial suture 2.27-2.54 (2.53).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  pollani ) named in honor of author Michael Pollan, whose influential books breach mere accounts on food culture and enter insightful discussions of human ecology. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern (northern Alabama and Georgia) (Figure 193).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In all analyses,  Torrenticola pollani groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  Torrenticola pollani groups with two other species with high support:  T. dunni and  T. shubini . These species are greater than 5-10% different from each other in COI sequence. Given our collection efforts in the southern Appalachians, it is reasonable to speculate that  T. pollani does not overlap in range with either  T. dunni or  T. shubini . However, our collections are sparse in the coastal plains and we expect future collecting to expand the distribution southward. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, dorso-lateral platelet fusion, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7A3FB77D53D20D4A9BEABB0E8412FD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
E07A4763224520C247B312753E8EE6E5.text	E07A4763224520C247B312753E8EE6E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola priapus Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola priapus Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Texas, Tyler County, Spurger; beside Farm Road 1013, 8.2 km west of Rt. 92, (30°41'41"N, 94°15'15"W), 30 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940027A</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 5 ♂): New Hampshire, USA: 4 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Woodstock County, beside Rt. 118, 3.2 km south of Rt. 112, (44°0'0"N, 71°45'45"W), 11 September 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920036  • Texas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Tyler County, Spurger; beside Farm Road 1013, 8.2 km west of Rt. 92, (30°41'41"N, 94°15'15"W), 30 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940027A  • 1 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Tyler County, Spurger; beside Farm Road 1013, 8.2 km west of Rt. 92, (30°41'41"N, 94°15'15"W), 30 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940027A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (3 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola priapus are similar to other members of the Partial 2-Plate Group (  T. folkertsae ,  T. magnexa , and  T. pulchra ) in having anterio-lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate and being distributed in the east.  T. priapus can be differentiated from  T. magnexa and  T. pulchra by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. priapus can be further differentiated from  T. magnexa by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.17-3.39 in  T. priapus , 2.25-3.00 in  T. magnexa ).  T. priapus can be further differentiated from  T. pulchra by having a round dorsum (length/width = 1.18-1.22 in  T. priapus , 1.4-1.61 in  T. pulchra ) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.9-4.22 in  T. priapus , 3.3-3.70 in  T. pulchra , ♂ = 3.5-3.78 in  T. priapus , 3.00-3.35 in  T. pulchra ).  T. priapus can be differentiated from  T. folkertsae by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.9-4.22 in  T. priapus , 4.5-4.83 in  T. folkertsae , ♂ = 3.5-3.78 in  T. priapus , 4.05-4.33 in  T. folkertsae ) and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.17-3.39 in  T. priapus , 2.55-3.00 in  T. folkertsae ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 197) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (610-690 (650) long; 510-580 (540) wide) circular with purple coloration posteriorly and anteriorly connected medially but not extending to platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (150-170 (162.5) long; 62.5-70 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-190 (185) long; 75-95 (95) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 nearly halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 305-370 (345)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.19-1.21 (1.20); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.56-1.67 (1.57); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.37-2.50 (2.50); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 1.95-2.33 (1.95); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.12-1.23 (1.14).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325-355 (355) long (ventral); 245-270 (270) long (dorsal); 137.5-155 (150) tall) colorless. Rostrum (142.5-152.5 (152.5) long; 45-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (330-370 (360) long) with curved fangs (55-65 (65) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.28-2.37 (2.37); rostrum length/width 3.17-3.39 (3.39). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-50 (48.75) long); femur (118.75-135 (135) long); genu (70-80 (76.25) long); tibia (92.5-105 (97.5) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.69-1.77 (1.77); tibia/femur 0.72-0.84 (0.72); tibia length/width 3.90-4.22 (3.90).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-850 (770) long; 590-645 (605) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (160-192.5 (192.5) long; 77.5-90 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (15-15 (15) long). Genital plates (180-190 (190) long; 167.5-185 (185) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-320 (315) long (total); 115-135 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (355-390 (390) wide); anterior venter (150-165 (160) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.41 (2.41); anterior venter/genital field length 0.81-0.89 (0.84); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.86-0.97 (0.86); anterior venter/medial suture 10.00-11.00 (10.67).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 198) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (530-585 (530) long; 435-495 (435) wide) circular with purple coloration posteriorly and anteriorly connected medially but not extending to platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (131.25-145 (131.25) long; 52.5-62.5 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-182.5 (170) long; 70-77.5 (70) wide) partially fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 nearly halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 265-330 (265)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.18-1.22 (1.22); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.50-1.70 (1.64); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.32-2.76 (2.39); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.13-2.43 (2.43); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.14-1.30 (1.30).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-320 (305) long (ventral); 230-245 (235) long (dorsal); 125-130 (125) tall) colorless. Rostrum (127.5-140 (127.5) long; 40-42.5 (40) wide). Chelicerae (305-320 (305) long) with curved fangs (57.5-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.44-2.48 (2.44); rostrum length/width 3.19-3.29 (3.19). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-45 (42.5) long); femur (110-117.5 (110) long); genu (67.5-72.5 (67.5) long); tibia (85-93.75 (85) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.62-1.70 (1.63); tibia/femur 0.76-0.80 (0.77); tibia length/width 3.50-3.78 (3.78).</p>
            <p>Venter - (625-695 (625) long; 510-560 (540) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145-157.5 (145) long; 70-77.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-80 (75) long). Genital plates (165-185 (165) long; 145-160 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-305 (285) long (total); 120-140 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (340-360 (350) wide); anterior venter (220-250 (230) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.25 (2.07); anterior venter/genital field length 1.33-1.42 (1.39); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.47-1.61 (1.53); anterior venter/medial suture 2.93-3.13 (3.07).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  priapus ) is named for Priapus, the Greek fertility god who was marked by his oversized, permanent erection, which refers to the genital opening in the male-the largest of all North American  Torrenticola . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern (Figure 196). Distribution seemingly disjunct (Texas and New Hampshire).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola priapus and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution, and partial fusion of the dorso-lateral platelets to the dorsal plate, are consistent with placing this species in the  Rusetria Complex and within the Partial 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07A4763224520C247B312753E8EE6E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
4708AA4A2B50799100A3E0E19606DF33.text	4708AA4A2B50799100A3E0E19606DF33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola projector Habeeb 1961	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola projector Habeeb, 1961</p>
            <p> Torrenticola projector Habeeb, 1961: 1. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): from USA, New York, Cayuga County, Moravia, brook, 22 May 1960, by H Habeeb, HH600011.</p>
            <p>PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♂): from USA, New York, Cayuga County, Moravia, brook, 22 May 1960, by H Habeeb, HH600011.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (25 ♀; 27 ♂): Alabama, USA: 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Clay County, Talladega Creek, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 kilometers northeast of road from Forest Route 600 to Campbell Springs, 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A  • 1 ♂ from Cleburne County, beside Route 431, 3.3 kilometers southeast of Calhoun, Jackson Creek (33°36'N, 85°42'W), 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900074  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121  • 1 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162  • Georgia, USA: 1 ♂ from Chattooga County, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, 1.4 kilometers south of Pocket Recreation Area, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900077  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Floyd County, tributary of Johns Creek, beside road from Everett Springs to Villanow, 1.4 kilometers south of The Pocket Campground, 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900077  • New York, USA: 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Cayuga County, Dutch Hollow Brook, beside Route 38A at Niles, 22 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900113A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Schuyler County, beside Town Line Road off Route 228, 0.6 kilometers south of Perry City, 21 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900112A  • North Carolina, USA: 3 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Yancey County, South Toe River, Lost Cove Picnic Area on Forest Route 472, 2.8 kilometers south of Route 80, 28 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900065A  • 2 ♂ from Yancey County, South Toe River (35°45'10"N, 82°12'43"W), 28 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900065A  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ from Fayette County, Dunbar Creek (39°57'50"N, 79835'3.70"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-001  • 1 ♂ from Fayette County, Dunbar Creek (39°56'16.10"N, 79°35'3.70"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-002  • Tennessee, USA: 2 ♂ from Monroe County, Turkey Creek, beside Forest Route 35, 2.0 kilometers northeast of road from Route 165 to Miller Chapel Church, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900078  • 2 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Middle Prong Pigeon River (35°43'32"N, 83°24'2"W), 2 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090093  • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (35°40'47"N, 83°31'51"W), 10 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100125  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♂ from Amherst County, Upper Otter Creek Overlook beside Blue Ridge, Otter Creek (37°36'57"N, 79°19'27"W), 7 Sep 2007, by IM Smith, IMS070056A  • 4 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Washington County, Damascus, Laurel River, beside Route 58 near boundary of Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, 10 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900085A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Types (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola projector are unlike nearly all other  Torrenticola in having such elongate bodies and subcapitula.  T. elongata are also elongate, but have different dorsal coloration and do not have an elongate subcapitulum.  T. tahoei also have elongate subcapitula, but have rounder bodies with different dorsal coloration.  T. anoplopalpa also have elongate subcapitula, but have rounder bodies and incomplete hind coxae. </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 200) (n = 5) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (625-745 long; 400-470 wide) ovoid and elongate with pink coloration without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (95-115 long; 55-62.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (185-217.5 long; 50-57.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-370). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.52-1.68; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.24-1.28; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.73-2.05; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.36-3.90; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.76-1.95.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (382.5-445 long (ventral); 300-333 long (dorsal); 87.5-97.5 tall) colorless and elongate. Rostrum (142.5-172.5 long; 37.5-42.5 wide) elongate. Chelicerae (360-428 long) with curved fangs (51-62 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 4.03-4.78; rostrum length/width 3.80-4.27. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-55 long); femur (108.75-125 long); genu (60-70 long); tibia (21.25-25 long; 21.25-25 wide); tarsus (20-22.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.74-1.81; tibia/femur 0.55-0.60; tibia length/width 2.82-3.11.</p>
            <p>Venter - (830-931 long; 480-544 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (92.5-110 long; 67.5-80 wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (50-77.5 long). Genital plates 183.75-188.75 long; 147.5-160 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (296.75-357 long (total); 215-250 long (medial)); Cx-3 (310-374 wide); anterior venter (285-340 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.22-1.63; anterior venter/genital field length 1.55-1.84; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.78-2.16; anterior venter/medial suture 4.39-6.05.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 201) (n = 6) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-630 (600) long; 335-400 wide) ovoid and elongate with pink coloration without distinct pattern. Anterio-medial platelets (90-112.5 long; 47.5-57.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-205 long; 47.5-57.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 265-335). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.54-1.61); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.16-1.26; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.70-2.20; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.23-3.68; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.61-2.00.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325-420 long (ventral); 245-334 long (dorsal); 78.75-90 tall) colorless and elongate. Rostrum (127.5-158.75 long; 31.25-35 wide) elongate. Chelicerae (297-382 long) with curved fangs (41-61 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.94-4.94; rostrum length/width 3.64-4.54. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) without extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-50 long); femur (100-113.75 long); genu (62.5-67.5 long); tibia (62.5-67.5 long; 22.5-22.5 wide); tarsus (17.5-20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.75; tibia/femur 0.59-0.64; tibia length/width 2.78-3.00.</p>
            <p>Venter - (680-860 long; 405-492 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (82.5-132.5 long; 60-75 wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (127.5-142.5 long). Genital plates (137.5-157.5 long; 100-111.25 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (252-392 long (total); 175-267 long (medial)); Cx-3 (282-355 wide); anterior venter (320-410 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.38-2.04; anterior venter/genital field length 2.27-2.64; anterior venter length/genital field width 3.20-3.71; anterior venter/medial suture 2.39-3.15.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1961) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  projector ). However, surely this name reflects the elongated, projectable gnathosoma (proiectus, L. stick out) </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Appalachians (Figure 199).  T. projector was previously known only from New York; we extend its range throughout the Appalachians. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola projector groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex in all analyses with high support and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis,  T. projector groups with two other species (  T. hoosieri and  T. pearsoni ) with high support and these species are greater than 4% different from each other. Whereas most eastern members of the Tricolor Complex have distinctive patterns, this clade of three species contains members that lack dark patterns.  T. projector is among the most distinctive of all  Torrenticola because of the highly elongated gnathosoma and body. Because of this distinctive morphology, we do not place this species into an identification group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4708AA4A2B50799100A3E0E19606DF33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
6C3B2296181797A75883B2FF3178DB21.text	6C3B2296181797A75883B2FF3178DB21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola pulchra Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola pulchra Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from, USA, Illinois, Pope County, Eddyville; Bell Smith Springs Recreation Area; just below low water bridge at Hunting Branch Picnic Area, (37°31'31"N, 88°39'39"W), 1 September 2006, by IM Smith, S Yi, IMS060057.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 5 ♂): Illinois, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Pope County, Eddyville; Bell Smith Springs Recreation Area; just below low water bridge at Hunting Branch Picnic Area, (37°31'31"N, 88°39'39"W), 1 September 2006, by IM Smith, S Yi, IMS060057  • 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Pope County, Eddyville; Bell Smith Springs Recreation Area; just below low water bridge at Hunting Branch Picnic Area, (37°31'31"N, 88°39'39"W), 1 September 2006, by IM Smith, S Yi, IMS060057  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Pope County, Eddyville; Bell Smith Springs Recreation Area; Hunting Branch Picnic Area, (37°31'31"N, 88°40'40"W), 9 September 1994, by IM Smith, IMS940004 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola pulchra are similar to other members of the Partial 2-Plate Group (  T. folkertsae ,  T. magnexa , and  T. priapus ) in having anterio-lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate and being distributed in the east.  T. pulchra can be differentiated from other Partial 2-Plate Group by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. pulchra can be further differentiated from  T. priapus and  T. folkertsae by having a more ovoid dorsum (length/width = 1.4-1.61 in  T. pulchra , 1.11-1.29 in others) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.3-3.70 in  T. pulchra , 3.9-4.83 in others, ♂ = 3.00-3.35 in  T. pulchra , 3.5-4.33 in others). Male  T. pulchra can be further differentiated from male  T. magnexa by having a smaller genital field (length ♂ = 110-123 in  T. pulchra , 125-148 in  T. magnexa ; width ♂ = 87-95 in  T. pulchra , 115-125 in  T. magnexa ,) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♂ = 3.00-3.35 in  T. pulchra , 3.78-4.00 in  T. magnexa ,). Female  T. pulchra can be differentiated from female  T. magnexa by having a thinner genital field (♀ 147-160 in  T. pulchra , 170-188 in  T. magnexa ) and shorter pedipalpal tibiae (♀ 82-93 in  T. pulchra , 102-113 in  T. magnexa ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 203) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (640-710 (710) long; 450-490 (480) wide) ovoid with bold blue coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, posterior portion not meeting posterior limit of dorsal plate, and bold red medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-145 (135) long; 50-55 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-200 (190) long; 60-70 (60) wide) nearly fused to dorsal plate posteriorly. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-375 (355)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.40-1.48 (1.48); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.45 (1.35); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.45-2.90 (2.45); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.77-3.17 (3.17); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.41 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (295-345 (345) long (ventral); 215-252.5 (252.5) long (dorsal); 130-155 (155) tall) faint blue coloration. Rostrum (117.5-135 (135) long; 40-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (295-350 (350) long) with curved fangs (60-70 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.03-2.33 (2.23); rostrum length/width 2.94-3.06 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-52.5 (52.5) long); femur (118.75-132.5 (130) long); genu (67.5-75 (72.5) long); tibia (82.5-92.5 (90) long; 25-26.25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.73-1.80 (1.79); tibia/femur 0.69-0.72 (0.69); tibia length/width 3.30-3.70 (3.60).</p>
            <p>Venter - (740-840 (840) long; 530-560 (560) wide) with blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (155-190 (190) long; 75-90 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-20 (10) long). Genital plates (180-200 (192.5) long; 147.5-160 (155) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-350 (350) long (total); 130-162.5 (162.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (325-365 (360) wide); anterior venter (160-175 (175) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.94-2.53 (2.53); anterior venter/genital field length 0.80-0.96 (0.91); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00-1.13 (1.13); anterior venter/medial suture 8.00-17.50 (17.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 204) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (490-520 (500) long; 310-330 (315) wide ovoid with bold blue coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, posterior portion not meeting posterior limit of dorsal plate, and bold red medially. Anterio-medial platelets (95-110 (100) long; 40-47.5 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (140-160 (145) long; 45-55 (50) wide) nearly fused to dorsal plate posteriorly. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 235-265 (245)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.53-1.61 (1.59); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.23-1.36 (1.29); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.24-2.50 (2.35); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.80-3.56 (2.90); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.45-1.55 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (255-262.5 (255) long (ventral); 182.5-195 (182.5) long (dorsal); 90-95 (90) tall) faint blue coloration. Rostrum (97.5-105 (97.5) long; 30-32.5 (30) wide). Chelicerae (240-255 (245) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.68-2.83 (2.83); rostrum length/width 3.23-3.50 (3.25). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (37.5) long); femur (97.5-100 (100) long); genu (55-57.5 (57.5) long); tibia (67.5-72.5 (70) long; 21.25-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.70-1.82 (1.74); tibia/femur 0.69-0.73 (0.70); tibia length/width 3.00-3.35 (3.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (600-625 (600) long; 355-390 (355) wide) with blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (120-130 (120) long; 60-67.5 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (105-130 (125) long). Genital plates (110-122.5 (115) long; 87.5-95 (92.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-255 (240) long (total); 122.5-130 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (275-295 (280) wide); anterior venter (235-270 (255) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.78-2.08 (1.78); anterior venter/genital field length 2.00-2.32 (2.22); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.61-2.91 (2.76); anterior venter/medial suture 2.04-2.24 (2.04).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  pulchra ) refers to the bright and distinctive coloration of this species (pulchra, L. beautiful). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Illinois (Figure 202).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola pulchra and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution, and partial fusion of the dorso-lateral platelets to the dorsal plate, are consistent with placing this species in the  Rusetria Complex and within the Partial 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3B2296181797A75883B2FF3178DB21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
69615CB3F40CD6A66422478143FE8335.text	69615CB3F40CD6A66422478143FE8335.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola racupalpa Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola racupalpa Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Tennessee, Wayne County, Glenrock Branch Creek (35°15'50"N, 87°37'34"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090124, DNA 1867.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (4 ♀; 2 ♂): Virginia, USA: 4 ♀ and 2 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Smyth County, Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, Little Laurel Creek, beside Route 600, 2.2 kilometers north of Route 603, 10 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900086.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (3 ♀) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola racupalpa are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. raptor ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae. Female  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. elusiva by having a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/height = 2.48-2.73 in  T. racupalpa , 2.39 in  T. elusiva ); and by dorsal pattern.  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. irapalpa and  T. daemon by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.19-2.77 in  T. racupalpa , 1.45-2.09 in others) and a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.56-3.88 in  T. racupalpa , 2.66-3.39 in others).  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. gnoma by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.56-3.88 in  T. racupalpa , 2.56-3.13 in  T. gnoma ) and dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. mjolniri by having a shorter anterior venter (♀ =152.5-165 in  T. racupalpa , 180-195 in  T. mjolniri ; ♂ = 200-205 in  T. racupalpa , 230-255 in  T. mjolniri ); and by dorsal pattern. Male  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. longitibia (males only) by having a shorter femur with respect to the genu (femur/genu = 1.92-1.92 in  T. racupalpa , 2.10-2.17 in  T. longitibia ); a stockier rostrum (length/width = 3.88-3.88 in  T. racupalpa , 4.15-4.23 in  T. longitibia ); and dorsal pattern.  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. raptor by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.19-2.77 in  T. racupalpa , 1.68-2.02 in  T. raptor ); and shorter anterior venter (♀ = 152.5-165 in  T. racupalpa , 205-240 in  T. raptor , ♂ = 200-205 in  T. racupalpa , 245-305 in  T. raptor ). Female  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from female  T. raptor by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 4.44-5.00 in  T. racupalpa , 6-7.54 in  T. raptor ).  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from  T. danielleae by having Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 2.19-2.77 in  T. racupalpa , 1.42-1.70 in  T. danielleae ) and by dorsal coloration and pattern. Female  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from female  T. ivyae by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 3.56-3.82 in  T. racupalpa , 4.00-4.15 in  T. ivyae ) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 4.44-5.00 in  T. racupalpa , 5.07-5.64 in  T. ivyae ). Male  T. racupalpa can be differentiated from male  T. ivyae by having a shorter anterior venter (♂ 200-205 in  T. racupalpa , 220-230 in  T. ivyae ) and a longer genital field (♂ 160-165 in  T. racupalpa , 142-148 in  T. ivyae ). </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 206) (n = 3) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (570-630 (570) long; 450-540 (450) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with bold orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-145 (130) long; 52.5-65 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (157.5-200 (157.5) long; 71.25-75 (71.25) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scars than to dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 170-205 (170)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.17-1.27 (1.27); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.59-2.77 (2.65); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.19-2.48 (2.48); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.21-2.67 (2.21); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.21-1.40 (1.21).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (330-375 (330) long (ventral); 251-297.5 (252) long (dorsal); 130-145 (130) tall) faint bluish-purple coloration. Rostrum (142.5-170 (142.5) long; 40-45 (40) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (319-375 (320) long) with curved fangs (50-60 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.48-2.73 (2.54); rostrum length/width 3.56-3.82 (3.56). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibia) with long tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-45 (45) long); femur (125-145 (125) long); genu (67.5-75 (67.5) long); tibia (100-125 (100) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.85-1.93 (1.85); tibia/femur 0.80-0.86 (0.80); tibia length/width 4.44-5.00 (4.44).</p>
            <p>Venter - (700-800 (700) long; 490-610 (491) wide) with bold bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (152.5-185 (152.5) long; 80-87.5 (87.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Genital plates (152.5-185 (152.5) long; 140-170 (140) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (285-320 (286) long (total); 114-140 (115) long (medial)); Cx-3 (332-380 (332) wide); anterior venter (152.5-165 (152.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.74-2.31 (1.74); anterior venter/genital field length 0.89-1.00 (1.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.97-1.09 (1.09); anterior venter/medial suture 8.00-8.71 (8.71).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 207) (n = 2) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (555-570 (570) long; 460-475 (475) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with bold orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-135 (135) long; 57.5-65 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (182.5-190 (190) long; 70-80 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the muscle scars than to dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 200-210 (200)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.21 (1.20); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 2.19-2.38 (2.38); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.08-2.26 (2.08); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.38-2.61 (2.38); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.41 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (315-317.5 (317.5) long (ventral); 250-250 (250) long (dorsal); 110-115 (115) tall) faint bluish-purple coloration. Rostrum (155-155 (155) long; 40-40 (40) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (295-310 (310) long) with curved fangs (50-55 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.76-2.86 (2.76); rostrum length/width 3.88-3.88 (3.88). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibia) with long tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-40 (40) long); femur (125-125 (125) long); genu (65-65 (65) long); tibia (107.5-110 (107.5) long; 20-20 (20) wide); tarsus (15-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.92-1.92 (1.92); tibia/femur 0.86-0.88 (0.86); tibia length/width 5.38-5.50 (5.38).</p>
            <p>Venter - (695-710 (710) long; 500-505 (500) wide) with bold bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (157.5-160 (157.5) long; 70-70 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (45-45 (45) long). Genital plates (160-165 (165) long; 125-125 (125) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-305 (300) long (total); 145-145 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (340-345 (340) wide); anterior venter (200-205 (205) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.25-2.29 (2.25); anterior venter/genital field length 1.24-1.25 (1.24); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.60-1.64 (1.64); anterior venter/medial suture 4.44-4.56 (4.56).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  racupalpa ) refers to the spined, rake-like pedipalps which have long, thin tibiae and elongate tubercles (racu, Old English feminine, rake; palpus, L. hand, feeler). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern, Tennessee and Virginia (Figure 205).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In the COI analysis,  Torrenticola racupalpa groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support. We were only able to acquire molecular data from one specimen, and we were unable to amplify 28S, which disabled us from examining the placement of this species in our combined analysis. In the COI analysis,  T. racupalpa groups with  T. elusiva with high confidence, and these species are greater than 4% different in COI sequence from each other. Based upon this information as well as morphology, we place this species in Raptor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/69615CB3F40CD6A66422478143FE8335	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
DE61DF71E7EB0BFEBF0B5584332321ED.text	DE61DF71E7EB0BFEBF0B5584332321ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola rala Cook 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola rala Cook, 1980</p>
            <p> Torrenticola rala Cook, 1980: 394. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> (11 ♀; 15 ♂). Arizona, USA: 3 ♂ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon, Oak Creek, beside Route 89A, between Banjo Bill &amp; Bootlegger campgrounds, 21 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870100A  • 1 ♂ and 1 ♂ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek Recreation Area, Cave Creek at John Hand Picnic Area, 15 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870092B  • 1 ♀ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek Recreation Area, Cave Creek at Stewart campground, 16 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870094  • 1 ♀ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek, Herb Martyr Campground, Forest Road 42A 10 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120009  • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Gila County, East Verde River, beside Route 87, north of Payson, 19 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870097  • 2 ♂ from Yavapai County, West Clear Creek at Clear Creek campground, off Forest Road 9, east of Camp Verde, 19-22 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870098  • New Mexico, USA:  • 1 ♂ from Catron County, Glenwood Whitewater Creek at Whitewater Creek Picnic Area, 12 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870084  • 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Catron County, Little Creek, beside Route 15, 65 kilometers north of Route 180 in Silver City, 10 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081A  • Texas, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bandera County, Lost Maples State Natural Area, Sabinal River (29°49'N, 99°34'W), 27 Sep 1995, by IM Smith, IMS950052  • 1 ♀ from Bandera County, Vanderpool, beside Route 187, Sabinal River (29°48'10"N, 99°34'30"W), 2 May 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090007  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Val Verde County, Bakers Crossing Campground, off Route 163, Devils River (29°58'N, 101°9'W), 5 Oct 1999, by IM Smith, IMS990061A  • 1 ♀ from Uvalde County, Garner State Park, Frio River (29°35'22"N, 99°44'12"W), 28 May 1998, by IM Smith, IMS980027A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♂) deposited in prep. no. DC 12-72 FMC. Allotype (♀) deposited in prep. no. DC 43-72 FMC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola rala are similar to other members of the Rala Group (  T. boettgeri ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. lamellipalpis ,  T. dolichodactyla , and  T. anoplopalpa ) by being colorless, having incomplete hind coxal margins and being distributed in the southwest.  T. rala can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 1.63-1.83 in  T. rala , 2.19-3.57 in others). Additionally,  T. rala can be differentiated from all other Rala Group by having a shorter anterior venter (♀ = 170-185 in  T. rala 192-260 in others ♂ = 200-225 in  T. rala , 235-308 in others), except male  T. keesdavidsi (♂ 225-260). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 209) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (630-700 long; 465-505 wide) ellipsoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (150-162.5 long; 62.5-72.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-195 long; 70-80 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 370-420). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.46; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.17-1.26; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.14-2.41; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.38-2.79; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.15-1.26.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (247.5-260 long (ventral); 160-170 long (dorsal); 115-120 tall) tall and colorless. Rostrum (79-89 long; 45-50 wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (217.5-247.5 long) with curved fangs (52.5-60 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.06-2.17; rostrum length/width 1.70-1.83. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and ventral extensions on genua absent. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-37.5 long); femur (70-77.5 long); genu (50-57.5 long); tibia (55-62.5 long; 20-22.5 wide); tarsus (15-17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.35-1.43; tibia/femur 0.79-0.81; tibia length/width 2.75-2.88.</p>
            <p>Venter - (760-840 long; 527-585 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (150-162.5 long; 55-62.5 wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (25-35 long). Genital plates (175-190 long; 155-170 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-300 long (total); 130-145 long (medial)); Cx-3 (345-380 wide); anterior venter (170-185 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.58-2.73; anterior venter/genital field length 0.92-1.01; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00-1.19; anterior venter/medial suture 5.00-6.80.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 210) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (600-655 long; 435-480 wide) ellipsoid and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (135-165 long; 55-67.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-190 long; 64-82.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 375-400). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.42; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.16-1.20; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.40-2.48; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.30-2.78; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.15-1.31.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (230-249 long (ventral); 152.5-162.5 long (dorsal); 107.5-112.5 tall) tall and colorless. Rostrum (77.5-81 long; 45-47.5 wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (215-232.5 long) with curved fangs (42.5-50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.14-2.21; rostrum length/width 1.63-1.72. Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and ventral extensions on genua absent. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-37.5 long); femur (65-72.5 long); genu (49-52.5 long); tibia (55-62.5 long; 20-21 wide); tarsus (15-17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.33-1.45; tibia/femur 0.79-0.89; tibia length/width 2.71-2.94.</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-765 long; 500-540 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (135-145 long; 55-62.5 wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (65-80 long). Genital plates (160-185 long; 127.5-135 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-295 long (total); 125-145 long (medial)); Cx-3 (337.5-375 wide); anterior venter (200-225 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.20-2.45; anterior venter/genital field length 1.14-1.33; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.57-1.67; anterior venter/medial suture 2.66-3.31.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Cook (1980) did not specify an etymology for this specific epithet (  rala ) and we are unable to offer helpful speculation. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southwestern U.S. (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) and southward through Central America (Figure 208).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Our analyses were unable to confidently place  Torrenticola rala phylogenetically. The COI analyses recovers this species at the base of the Raptor Complex, but this relationship was not recovered in the combined analysis. Because of this ambiguity, we refrain from placing this species in a species complex. However, based upon the morphological similarity that this species shares with six other species, we place this species within the Rala Identification Group. </p>
            <p> T. rala is greater than 13% different in COI sequence from sister species. This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%) and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE61DF71E7EB0BFEBF0B5584332321ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
46F7DB2589049FAAC0D2A5DC660FD28D.text	46F7DB2589049FAAC0D2A5DC660FD28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola raptor Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola raptor Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Ontario, Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, beside Highway 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110054, DNA 2864.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (58 ♀; 40 ♂): Alabama, USA: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Clay County, Talladega Creek, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 kilometers northeast of road from Forest Route 600 to Campbell Springs, 2 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A  • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11 at bridge, Aroostook River (46°38'N, 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • 1 ♀ from Franklin County, Smalls Falls Picnic Area, beside Route 4, Sandy River (44°52'N, 70°31'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890069  • 2 ♀ from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192, 6 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012  • New Brunswick, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdeguash River, beside Highway 770 at covered bridge, 30 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890053  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110118  • 1 ♂ from Northumberland County, Renous River, beside Highway 108, 18 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800111  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Restigouche County, Mt. Carleton Provincial Park, Nictau River, 16 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800109  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, Magaguadavic River, beside Highway 3, just east of Thomaston Corners, 1 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890055A  • 1 ♂ from York County, Napadogan Brook, beside Road J-19, 6.3 kilometers north of Nashwaak Exper. Watershed headquarters, 23 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810095B  • 1 ♀ from York County, Nashwaak Exper. Watershed, Nashwaak River, at trunk road, 20 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800118A  • New Hampshire, USA: 1 ♀ from Coos County, picnic area beside Route 110, Ammonoosuc River (44°36'N, 71°24'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890071  • New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Sussex County, Big Flat Brook beside Flatbrook Road, 2.6 kilometers north of Route 206 at Tuttles Corner, 23 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900053  • New York, USA: 2 ♀ from Essex County, Minerva, Boreas River, beside Route 28N, 13.8 kilometers northwest of Morse Memorial Parkway, 21 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900050A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Greene County, Schoharie Creek, beside Route 23A, 9.6 kilometers west of Route 296 in Hunter, 22 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900052  • 1 ♀ from Ulster County, beside Route 28, 1.6 kilometers south of Mt. Tremper, 17 Aug 1964, by DR Cook, DRC640023  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Warren County, East Branch of Sacandaga River, beside Route 8, 14.5 kilometers east of Route 30, 21 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900051A  • North Carolina, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Yancey County, Lost Cove Picnic Area, South Toe River, on Forest Route 472, 2.8 kilometers south of Route 80, 28 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900065A  • Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ from Inervess County, Cape Brenton Highlands National Park, Cheticamp entrance, pond near Salmon Pools Trailhead, 10 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110072  • 1 ♀ from Inervess County, Inervess, Cheticamp River, 10 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110071  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Luneburg County, New Germany, LaHave River, beside Highway 10, 23 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110098  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Victoria County, Cape Brenton Island, Baddeck River, beside road to Baddeck Forks, 18 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810082  • Ontario, Canada: 1 ♂ from Cochrane County, Hearst, Pitopiko River, beside Highway 11, 24 Jul 1975, by IM Smith &amp; D Spaner, IMS750120  • 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Hastings County, Madawaska, Opeongo River, beside Highway 60, 29 Aug 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810033A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, 10-11 Jun 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810014A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, east of Davis Road before Highway 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110053, DNA 1257  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, east of Davis Road before Highway 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110053  • 1 ♀ from Hastings County, Maple Leaf, Papineau Creek, beside Highway 62, 18 Aug 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110054  • 1 ♀ from Kenora County, Ignace, beside Highway 599, 4.2 kilometers north of Highway 17, 31 Jul 1975, by IM Smith, IMS750216  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Kenora County, Revell River, beside Highway 17, 40.2 kilometers east of Highway 72, 3 Jun 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800052  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Muskoka County, Huntsville, East River, Xing road to Dyer Memorial, 26 Aug 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810032A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lanark County, Mississippi River, beside Lanark Road #12, between Lanark &amp; Fallbrook, 6 Oct 1983, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS830094A  • 1 ♂ from Nipissing County, Algonquin Provincial Park, Madawaska River, at Highway 60, near Lake of Two Rivers, 15 May 1980, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS800004C  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Nipissing County, Aumond Creek, beside Highway 17, east of Mattawa, 30 Aug 1983, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS830079A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Nipissing County, Aumond Creek, beside Highway 17, east of Mattawa, 30 Aug 1983, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS830079B  • 1 ♀ from Nipissing County, Bastien Creek, at picnic area, beside Highway 17, east of Mattawa, 30 Aug 1983, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS830076A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Peterborough County, Apsley, Eels Creek, crossing Highway 28, just south of Eels Lake, 13 Jun 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810017A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Peterborough County, Eels Creek, crossing Highway 28 at picnic area, just north of Woodview, 13 Jun 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810018A  • 1 ♂ from Thunder Bay County, west of Geraldton, Creelman Creek, beside Highway 11, 26 Jul 1975, by IM Smith &amp; D Spaner, IMS750147  • Quebec, Canada: 1 ♀ from Gatineau County, Gatineau Park stream crossing, Gatineau Parkway at Meech Lake Road, 15 Sep 1981, by IM Smith &amp; C Cramer, IMS810034A  • 1 ♀ from Gatineau County, beside Gatineau Parkway, at Meech Lake Road, 13 Aug 1982, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS820001A  • 1 ♂ from Gatineau County, beside Gatineau Parkway, at Meech Lake Road, 13 Aug 1982, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS820001B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Pontiac County, beside road at east end of Thorne Lake (45°32'N, 76°0'W), 1 May 1986, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS860002A  • South Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ from Greenville County, Matthews Creek, 24 Apr 2014, by D Eargle, JRF 14-0424-001  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monroe County, Tellico River, beside Forest Route 210, 1.8 kilometers east of bridge at Bald River Falls, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079  • 1 ♀ from Monroe County, Tellico River (35°20'27"N, 84°11'31"W), 12 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090111  • 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountians National Park, Little River (35°40'56"N, 83°39'2"W), 8 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090103  • 2 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountianss National Park, Laurel Creek (35°39'7"N, 83°42'32"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100145  • West Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Pocahontas County, Island Campground, East Fork of Greenbrier River, beside Route 28, northeast of Thornwood, 16 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900101A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Randolph County, Laurel Fork Campground, Laurel Fork of Cheat River, off Forest Route 14, south of Wymer, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900102. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (53 ♀; 34 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola raptor are similar to other members of the Raptor Group (  T. gnoma ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. longitibia ,  T. mjolniri ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae ) in having round bodies; Dgl-4 close to muscles scars; long, thin subcapitular rostra; and long, thin pedipalp tibiae.  T. raptor can be differentiated from all other members of the Raptor Group by having a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/height ♀ = 2.98-3.18 in  T. raptor , 2.26-2.90 in others; ♂ = 3.13-3.27 in  T. raptor , 2.29-3.00 in others).  T. raptor can be further differentiated from  T. elusiva ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. gnoma ,  T. danielleae ,  T. daemon , and  T. ivyae by having more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width ♀ = 6.00-7.54 in  T. raptor , 4.09-5.67 in others; ♂ = 5.29-5.63 in  T. raptor , 3.88-5.20 in others).  T. raptor can be further differentiated from  T. mjolniri ,  T. longitibia ,  T. gnoma ,  T. elusiva ,  T. racupalpa , and  T. ivyae by having Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.66-2.02 in  T. raptor , 2.06-3.29 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 212) (n = 13) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (570-660 (625) long; 465-550 (505) wide) circular with coloration posteriorly extending in a strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate (rarely without anterior extension), coloration variable from navy blue to purple to reddish purple. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-150 (135) long; 60-80 (75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (182.5-210 (195) long; 75-90 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars than to the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 230-295 (275)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.19-1.31 (1.24); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.80-2.02 (1.84); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.75-2.07 (1.80); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.28-2.49 (2.44); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.39-1.57 (1.44).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (335-380 (365) long (ventral); 249-283 (270) long (dorsal); 107.5-125 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (150-167.5 (160) long; 37.5-45 (37.5) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (316-368 (355) long) with curved fangs (43-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.98-3.18 (3.04); rostrum length/width 3.44-4.40 (4.27). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with long tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (122.5-143.75 (137.5) long); genu (65-77.5 (70) long); tibia (112.5-142.5 (122.5) long; 16.25-20 (18.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68-1.96 (1.96); tibia/femur 0.82-1.03 (0.89); tibia length/width 6.00-7.54 (6.53).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-830 (800) long; 535-609 (550) wide) with faint navy blue to purple coloration or colorless. Gnathosomal bay (135-192.5 (172.5) long; 62.5-85 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (35-45 (45) long). Genital plates (157.5-182.5 (170) long; 135-153.75 (145) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (271-330 (330) long (total); 92-160 (160) long (medial)); Cx-3 (336-373 (340) wide); anterior venter (205-240 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.74-2.48 (2.30); anterior venter/genital field length 1.23-1.47 (1.29); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.41-1.65 (1.52); anterior venter/medial suture 4.56-6.29 (4.89).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 213) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-610 (540) long; 415-450 (440) wide) circular with coloration posteriorly extending in a strip anteriorly to the edge of the dorsal plate (rarely without anterior extension), coloration variable from navy blue to purple to reddish purple. Anterio-medial platelets (126.25-132.5 (127.5) long; 57.5-65 (57.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-190 (177.5) long; 68-80 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars than to the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 230-265 (230)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.36 (1.23); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.66-1.91 (1.91); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.94-2.22 (2.22); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.34-2.58 (2.37); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.39-1.47 (1.39).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (297.5-327.5 (297.5) long (ventral); 220-247 (221) long (dorsal); 95-102.5 (95) tall) colorless. Rostrum (131.25-147.5 (131.25) long; 30-35 (30) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (274-306 (274) long) with curved fangs (44-54 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.13-3.27 (3.13); rostrum length/width 3.89-4.38 (4.38). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with long tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-40 (40) long); femur (111.25-122.5 (111.25) long); genu (62.5-65 (62.5) long); tibia (102.5-112.5 (102.5) long; 18.75-21.25 (18.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.73-1.88 (1.78); tibia/femur 0.89-0.99 (0.92); tibia length/width 5.29-5.63 (5.47).</p>
            <p>Venter - (680-790 (680) long; 457-523 (458) wide) with faint navy blue to purple coloration or colorless. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-145 (132.5) long; 52.5-77.5 (52.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (80-107.5 (80) long). Genital plates (137.5-152.5 (141.25) long; 110-125 (120) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (268-322 (269) long (total); 112-160 (113) long (medial)); Cx-3 (332-347 (335) wide); anterior venter (245-305 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.81-2.52 (2.52); anterior venter/genital field length 1.73-2.11 (1.73); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.04-2.60 (2.04); anterior venter/medial suture 2.84-3.06 (3.06).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  raptor ) refers to the long, thin pedipalps (especially tibiae) of this species which, combined with pronounced tubercles, appear especially capable of grasping slippery prey (rapio L. to seize; known in apposition). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Northeastern, but extending southward in the Appalachians (Figure 211).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola raptor groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 4% different in COI sequence from each other. This is higher sequence variability than in many species hypotheses presented herein. However, given the topology in the COI tree (Figure 7) and morphological similarity, it seems apparent that the variability represents a continuum across a large distribution rather than isolated species, so we consider these specimens to be within the same species hypothesis. </p>
            <p> The position of  T. raptor varied with analysis and was not well-supported in the combined analysis, so we are unable to comment on its affinities. However, morphological similarity is consistent with placing this species in the Raptor Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46F7DB2589049FAAC0D2A5DC660FD28D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
01174C58015DB3149D1BB69E6C655B21.text	01174C58015DB3149D1BB69E6C655B21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola raptoroides Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola raptoroides Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, New Mexico, Catron County, Little Creek, Gila Hot Springs, Little Creek Recreation Area off Route 15, 6 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120006, DNA 2895.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (8 ♀; 8 ♂): Arizona, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon, Oak Creek, beside Route 89A, between Banjo Bill &amp; Bootlegger campgrounds, 21 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870100B  • 1 ♀ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon, Oak Creek, beside Route 89A, just north of Pine Flat campground, 21 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870099B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Yavapai County, West Clear Creek at Clear creek campground, off Forest Road 9, east of Camp Verde, 22 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870102  • New Mexico, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Grant County, East Fork Gila River, Grapevine Recreation Area off Route 15, north of Silver City, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120007, DNA 2900  • 1 ♂ from Catron County, Gila River, beside Route 15, just below mouth of Little Creek, 11 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870083A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Little Creek, Gila Hot Springs, Little Creek Recreation Area off Route 15, 6 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120006  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Catron County, Little Creek, beside Route 15, 65 kilometers north of Route 180 in Silver City, 10 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (3 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola raptoroides are unlike all other western species in having round bodies with dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly and long, thin pedipalp tibiae. Additionally, they are only known from Catron &amp; Grant Counties, New Mexico. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 215) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (610-690 (650) long; 485-530 (520) wide) ovoid with navy blue coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (140-167.5 (157.5) long; 56-67.5 (61.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-200 (195) long; 72.5-82.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 295-380 (380)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.19-1.30 (1.25); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.37-1.64 (1.37); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.36-2.60 (2.57); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.27-2.60 (2.60); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.15-1.24 (1.24).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (315-335 (330) long (ventral); 240-250 (249) long (dorsal); 135-140 (137.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (135-142.5 (142.5) long; 40-45 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (335-360 (345) long) with curved fangs (62-69 (63) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.25-2.48 (2.40); rostrum length/width 3.17-3.38 (3.35). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-47.5 (45) long); femur (120-131.25 (131.25) long); genu (63.75-75 (72.5) long); tibia (100-112.5 (112.5) long; 21.25-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.88 (1.81); tibia/femur 0.79-0.94 (0.86); tibia length/width 4.44-5.00 (5.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-805 (805) long; 562-600 (562) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (167.5-182.5 (180) long; 72.5-100 (82.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (10-17.5 (12.5) long). Genital plates (172.5-182.5 (172.5) long; 167.5-177.5 (167.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-311 (311) long (total); 111-140 (112) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-410 (373) wide); anterior venter (150-187.5 (170) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.83-2.41 (2.18); anterior venter/genital field length 0.86-1.04 (0.99); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.88-1.07 (1.01); anterior venter/medial suture 10.71-16.75 (13.60).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 216) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (530-605 (590) long; 415-500 (455) wide) ovoid with navy blue coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (130-147.5 (140) long; 50-62.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-192.5 (177.5) long; 60-77.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-365 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.21-1.30 (1.30); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.34-1.43 (1.42); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.24-2.60 (2.24); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.33-2.83 (2.37); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.25-1.33 (1.27).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (260-300 (290) long (ventral); 197.5-225 (215) long (dorsal); 105-122.5 (112.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (112.5-127.5 (122.5) long; 37.5-42.5 (40) wide). Chelicerae (255-295 (282) long) with curved fangs (45-64 (64) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.40-2.58 (2.58); rostrum length/width 2.94-3.06 (3.06). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-42.5 (40) long); femur (85-113.75 (113.75) long); genu (55-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (85-107.5 (102.5) long; 20-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.55-1.69 (1.69); tibia/femur 0.90-1.00 (0.90); tibia length/width 4.25-4.78 (4.56).</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-710 (710) long; 480-580 (498) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (135-162.5 (157.5) long; 60-72.5 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (60-70 (62.5) long). Genital plates (135-155 (147.5) long; 120-130 (127.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (260-300 (280) long (total); 130-155 (131) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-375 (340) wide); anterior venter (195-235 (227.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.90-2.32 (2.25); anterior venter/genital field length 1.37-1.66 (1.54); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.56-1.86 (1.78); anterior venter/medial suture 3.25-3.64 (3.64).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  raptoroides ) refers to the long, thin pedipalp tibia and long genual/femoral tubercles, which are similar to members of the Raptor Group (rapio, L. to seize; -oides, G. resembling). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern, Arizona and New Mexico (Figure 214).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Our analyses were unable to confidently place  Torrenticola raptoroides phylogenetically. Both analyses place this species at the base of the Raptor Complex, but this relationship was not well-supported. Because of this ambiguity, we refrain from placing this species in a species complex. Furthermore, because of the unique morphology, we are also unable to place this species within an identification group. </p>
            <p>All specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence and are greater than 15% different from sister species. This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/01174C58015DB3149D1BB69E6C655B21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
E29A77F2CF569E00A09297FBE9E73EC2.text	E29A77F2CF569E00A09297FBE9E73EC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola reduncarostra Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola reduncarostra Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Virginia, Washington County, Damascus; beside Rt. 58 just inside boundary of Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, (36°38'38"N, 81°45'45"W), 10 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900085A.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (8 ♀; 7 ♂): Alabama, USA: 1 ♂ from Clay County, beside Forest Route 649, 0.8 km northeast of road from Campbell Springs to Forest Route 600, (33°22'22"N, 85°52'52"W), 3 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900075A  • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland; beside Rt. 11 at bridge over Aroostook River, (46°38'38"N, 68°24'24"W), 4 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067  • New Brunswick, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, beside Hwy. 8, 1.7 km north of road to Durham Bridge, (46°7'7"N, 66°36'36"W), 2 July 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890058  • New York, USA: 1♀ and 1 ♂ from Schuyler County, beside Town Line Road off Route 228, 0.6 km south of Perry City, (42°29'29"N, 76°42'42"W), 21 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900112A  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Monroe County, beside Forest Route 35, 2.0 km northeast of road from Rt. 165 to Miller Chapel Baptist Church, (35°21'21"N, 84°9'9"W), 5 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900078  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Monroe County, beside Forest Route 210, 1.8 km east of bridge at Bald River Falls, (35°19'19"N, 84°10'10"W), 5 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Washington County, Damascus; beside Rt. 58 just inside boundary of Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, (36°38'38"N, 81°45'45"W), 10 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900085A  • 1 ♀ from Washington County, Damascus; beside Rt. 58 just inside boundary of Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, (36°38'38"N, 81°45'45"W), 10 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900085A </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (5 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (3 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola reduncarostra are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba and  T. shubini ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ), and  T. bondi ,  T. gorti ,  T. elongata ,  T. erectirostra ,  T. robisoni ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. skvarlai , and  T. arktonyx .  T. reduncarostra can be differentiated from all  Torrenticola , except Erectirostra Group, by having an upturned rostrum.  T. reduncarostra can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra ,  T. karambita , and  T. robisoni by lacking dentation on the rostrum (others have strong dentation on the lateral edge of the rostrum). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 218) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (610-665 (625) long; 420-450 (420) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, occasionally colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (120-130 (120) long; 55-57.5 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-205 (185) long; 57.5-67.5 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately half-way between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-315 (290)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.45-1.5 (1.49); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.50 (1.45); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.18-2.27 (2.18); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.59-3.42 (3.08); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.46-1.58 (1.54).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (330-340 (330) long (ventral); 240-255 (240) long (dorsal); 110-120 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (130-140 (132.5) long; 35-37.5 (35) wide) elongate and upturned. Chelicerae (345-360 (350) long) with curved fangs (55-60 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.75-3.09 (2.75); rostrum length/width 3.71-4.00 (3.79). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-50 (47.5) long); femur (115-120 (115) long); genu (62.5-65 (62.5) long); tibia (67.5-72.5 (70) long; 23.75-26.25 (26.25) wide); tarsus (16.25-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.81-1.85 (1.84); tibia/femur 0.58-0.62 (0.61); tibia length/width 2.67-2.85 (2.67).</p>
            <p>Venter - (740-800 (740) long; 470-515 (500) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145-165 (155) long; 65-70 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-35 (25) long). Genital plates (170-192.5 (170) long; 150-157.5 (155) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-320 (305) long (total); 150-165 (155) long (medial)); Cx-3 (325-350 (330) wide); anterior venter (190-210 (190) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.07-2.46 (2.30); anterior venter/genital field length 1.07-1.24 (1.12); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.23-1.40 (1.23); anterior venter/medial suture 6.00-8.10 (7.60).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 219) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (480-580 (525) long; 295-360 (335) wide) ovoid with faint purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, occasionally colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (95-115 (115) long; 42.5-52.5 (50) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-195 (170) long; 52.5-55 (52.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 215-255 (220)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.51-1.68 (1.57); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.37-1.52 (1.52); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.19-2.30 (2.30); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.14-3.71 (3.24); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.48-1.79 (1.48).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (255-300 (290) long (ventral); 195-220 (207.5) long (dorsal); 87.5-95 (95) tall) colorless. Rostrum (102.5-120 (110) long; 27.5-32.5 (30) wide) elongate and upturned. Chelicerae (250-300 (300) long) with curved fangs (45-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.91-3.16 (3.05); rostrum length/width 3.54-3.73 (3.67). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (90-105 (102.5) long); genu (52.5-60 (58.75) long); tibia (62.5-72.5 (67.5) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.69-1.83 (1.74); tibia/femur 0.66-0.72 (0.66); tibia length/width 2.70-3.11 (2.70).</p>
            <p>Venter - (595-710 (650) long; 345-410 (370) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-145 (137.5) long; 57.5-67.5 (57.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-105 (85) long). Genital plates (135-150 (140) long; 100-105 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250-280 (270) long (total); 130-140 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (270-300 (295) wide); anterior venter (222.5-257.5 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.96-2.39 (2.39); anterior venter/genital field length 1.53-1.81 (1.75); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.23-2.45 (2.39); anterior venter/medial suture 2.45-3.19 (2.88).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  reduncarostra ) refers to the rostrum, which is curved upwards anteriorly, a rare condition outside of the Erectirostra Group (reduncus, L. bent backward; rostrum, L. snout). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 217).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola reduncarostra and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, small size, and elongate, ovoid body shape are consistent with placing this species in the Raptor Complex and within the Elongata Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E29A77F2CF569E00A09297FBE9E73EC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
BA11A5AF95017F05CBFEE5228313CA44.text	BA11A5AF95017F05CBFEE5228313CA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola regalis Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola regalis Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, Oregon, Curry County, Port Orford, beside Elk River Road, 9 km east of Elk River Fish Hatchery (42°42'22"N, 124°20'28"W), 18 Jun 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100075, DNA 1442.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (2 ♀; 6 ♂): Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ (ALLOTYPE) from Curry County, Port Orford; beside Elk River Road 9.0 km east of Elk River Fish Hatchery, (42°42'42"N, 124°20'20"W), 18 June 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100075  • 1 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford; beside Elk River Road 9.0 km east of Elk River Fish Hatchery, (42°42'42"N, 124°20'20"W), 18 June 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100075 </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (1 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola regalis can be differentiated from all other western  Torrenticola by having purple coloration covering the entire dorsal plate and by being the only member of the Miniforma Complex with indistinct or partial hind coxal margins. Occasionally its coloration can look similar to  T. tahoei , but  T. regalis can be differentiated from  T. tahoei by having a shorter anterior venter (200-265 in  T. regalis , 285-325 in  T. tahoei ), a stockier subcapitulum (ventral length/height = 2.41-2.68 in  T. regalis , 3.25-4.11 in  T. tahoei ), and by having indistinct hind coxal margins (distinct in  T. tahoei ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 221) (n = 2) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (680-695 (695) long; 540-540 (540) wide) circular with purple coloration, excepting platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (152.5-160 (160) long; 65-65 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (207.5-222.5 (222.5) long; 80-83.75 (83.75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 405-420 (420)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.26-1.29 (1.29); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.33 (1.29); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.35-2.46 (2.46); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.59-2.66 (2.66); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.39 (1.39).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (400-410 (410) long (ventral); 295-307.5 (307.5) long (dorsal); 160-170 (170) tall) colorless. Rostrum (155-165 (165) long; 52.5-55 (55) wide). Chelicerae (410-420 (420) long) with curved fangs (70-75 (70) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.41-2.50 (2.41); rostrum length/width 2.95-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tip on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-47.5 (45) long); femur (132.5-132.5 (132.5) long); genu (80-85 (85) long); tibia (90-93.75 (93.75) long; 30-30 (30) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.56-1.66 (1.56); tibia/femur 0.68-0.71 (0.71); tibia length/width 3.00-3.13 (3.13).</p>
            <p>Venter - (860-860 (860) long; 630-630 (630) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (197.5-205 (205) long; 75-80 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (30-40 (30) long). Genital plates (225-232.5 (232.5) long; 205-205 (205) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (340-350 (350) long (total); 140-145 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (395-405 (405) wide); anterior venter 200-200 (200) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.47-2.73 (2.73); anterior venter/genital field length 0.86-0.89 (0.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.98-0.98 (0.98); anterior venter/medial suture 5.00-6.67 (6.67).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 222) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-640 (630) long; 465-520 (490) wide) circular with purple coloration, excepting platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (127.5-145 (140) long; 55-67.5 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-217.5 (203.75) long; 72.5-85 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 375-420 (400)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.29 (1.29); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.23-1.27 (1.23); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.07-2.32 (2.07); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.44-2.64 (2.47); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.39-1.50 (1.46).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (355-375 (365) long (ventral); 255-280 (270) long (dorsal); 132.5-150 (145) tall) colorless. Rostrum (140-150 (145) long; 45-55 (55) wide). Chelicerae (350-375 (365) long) with curved fangs (65-70 (67.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.50-2.68 (2.52); rostrum length/width 2.64-3.16 (2.64). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tip on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (41.25-50 (45) long); femur (113.75-125 (125) long); genu (72.5-82.5 (80) long); tibia (82.5-92.5 (92.5) long; 23.75-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.48-1.57 (1.56); tibia/femur 0.71-0.74 (0.74); tibia length/width 3.36-3.50 (3.36).</p>
            <p>Venter - (730-780 (770) long; 535-640 (640) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (160-185 (160) long; 72.5-92.5 (92.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-90 (90) long). Genital plates (185-190 (185) long; 145-155 (152.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (305-340 (320) long (total); 135-160 (160) long (medial)); Cx-3 (350-410 (410) wide); anterior venter 237.5-265 (265) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.73-2.55 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 1.28-1.43 (1.43); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.62-1.74 (1.74); anterior venter/medial suture 2.64-3.47 (2.94).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  regalis ) refers to the coloration of this species, which is nearly colorless except the purple dorsum, giving the appearance of a mite wearing a purple cape, such as those often depicted as worn by royalty (  rēgālis , L. royal). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Curry County, Oregon (Figure 220).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola regalis groups with other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and is greater than 17% different from other species in the Ellipsoidalis Identification Group. This species is represented by a single specimen that does not resemble any other species group. This species hypothesis is supported by phylogenetic affinity, high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA11A5AF95017F05CBFEE5228313CA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
EB2822DBA6B378E9A4ADEA7C71B60E54.text	EB2822DBA6B378E9A4ADEA7C71B60E54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola robisoni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola robisoni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Arkansas, Polk County, East Saline Creek, 30 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110041</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): Oklahoma, USA: Pushmataha County, beside Route 271, Walnut Creek (34°39'N 95°7'W), 1 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870063A</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) deposited in the CNC; paratype (1 ♀) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola robisoni are similar to other members of the Erectirostra Group (  T. karambita and  T. erectirostra ). They are similar to other species with similar dorsal patterning, but can be differentiated from these by having a dentate, upturned rostrum that is wide when viewed ventrally.  T. robisoni can be differentiated from  T. erectirostra by having more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width ♀ = 2.96-3.00 in  T. robisoni , 2.52-2.69 in  T. erectirostra ).  T. robisoni can be differentiated from  T. karambita by having dorsal coloration (  T. karambita is colorless) and having a more elongate rostrum (length/width ♀ = 2.09-2.09 in  T. robisoni , 1.57-1.62 in  T. karambita ).  T. robisoni can be further differentiated from  T. erectirostra and  T. karambita by being distributed in the Interior Highlands, while the others are in the Appalachians. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 224) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (650-670 (650) long; 455-500 (455) wide) ovoid with reddish purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (147.5-150 (150) long; 60-62.5 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (200-210 (200) long; 67.5-70 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 305-340 (305)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.34-1.43 (1.34); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.47-1.49 (1.49); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.36-2.50 (2.50); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.96-3.00 (2.96); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.42 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325-335 (325) long (ventral); 218-250 (218) long (dorsal); 125-132.5 (132.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (115-120 (115) long; 55-57.5 (55) wide) wide and upturned with dentation. Chelicerae (315-330 (315) long) with curved fangs (46-50 (46) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.45-2.68 (2.45); rostrum length/width 2.09-2.09 (2.09). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (52.5-52.5 (52.5) long); femur (95-107.5 (95) long); genu (60-62.5 (60) long); tibia (47.5-58.75 (47.5) long; 25-27.5 (25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.58-1.72 (1.58); tibia/femur 0.50-0.55 (0.50); tibia length/width 1.90-2.14 (1.90).</p>
            <p>Venter - (779-825 (779) long; 543-550 (543) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (165-190 (165) long; 115-120 (115) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (12.5-20 (12.5) long). Genital plates (168.75-202.5 (202.5) long; 157.5-180 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (308-350 (308) long (total); 142-155 (142) long (medial)); Cx-3 (367-375 (367) wide); anterior venter (182.5-200 (182.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.43-1.58 (1.43); anterior venter/genital field length 1.05-1.08 (1.08); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.16-1.25 (1.16); anterior venter/medial suture 10.00-14.60 (14.60).</p>
            <p>Male unknown.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  robisoni ) named in honor of Henry W. Robison for his efforts in communicating the importance of the Interior Highlands (Ozarks and Ouachitas)-the type locality-which have a high proportion of endemic species, yet are understudied with respect to other areas of increased endemism (e.g., California floristic province, coastal plains, southern Appalachians, Pacific Northwest). His contributions instill passion for the region to even the casual reader, and have inspired many, including JRF, to pursue biodiversity research in the area. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from the Ouachita Mountains, possibly endemic (Figure 223).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola robisoni groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support. The single  T. robisoni specimen that we were able to include in our phylogenetic analysis is 8-9% different in COI sequence from  T. erectirostra and  T. karambita . Based upon the distinctive morphology of the gnathosoma of these species, we place them in the Erectirostra Identification group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, high divergence between species, and by morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB2822DBA6B378E9A4ADEA7C71B60E54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
4317571272FA31EC2467B43B878D9711.text	4317571272FA31EC2467B43B878D9711.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola rockyensis Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola rockyensis Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Idaho, Blaine County, Sawtooth National Forest, Salmon River (43°53'7"N, 114°46'15"W), 29 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0729-002, DNA 2623. </p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 6 ♂): Idaho, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Blaine County, Salmon River, beside Route 75 between Obsidian &amp; Galena Summit, 3 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850067  • 1 ♂ from Blaine County, Sawtooth National Forest, Salmon River (43°53'7"N, 114°46'15"W), 29 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0729-002  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Custer County, Basin Creek campground, beside Route 75 between Sunbeam &amp; Stanley Basin Creek, 2 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850066  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Custer County, Challis National Forest, Stanley Creek (44°15'12"N, 115°0'19"W), 30 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0730-005  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Custer County, Salmon River (44°12'31"N, 114°55'51"W), 29 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0729-003  • 1 ♂ from Custer County, Stanley, Little Redfish Lake, 3 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850069  • 2 ♀ from Lemhi County, North Fork of Salmon River, beside Route 93, 15 kilometers north of North Fork, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850062  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Lemhi County, Salmon National Forest, Niapas Creek (45°8'15"N, 114°13'4"W), 2 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0802-003, DNA 2626  • 1 ♀ from Lemhi County, Salmon National Forest, Niapas Creek (45°8'15"N, 114°13'4"W), 2 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0802-003  • Montana, USA 1 ♂ from Missoula County, Lolo National Forest, Lolo Creek (46°41'51"N, 114°32'34"W), 7 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0807-002  • 1 ♀ from Missoula County, Lolo National Forest, Lolo Creek (46°46'7"N, 114°27'53"W), 7 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0807-003  • 1 ♂ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, Soda Spring Creek (45°47'12"N, 114°21'2"W), 6 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0806-001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ravalli County, Medicine Springs, Spring Gulch campground, East Fork of Bitterroot River, beside Route 93, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850060. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (2 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola rockyensis are similar to members of the Miniforma group (  T. copipalpa ,  T. manni ,  T. miniforma ,  T. pacificensis ,  T. oliveri , and  T. pinocchio ) in having short, stocky pedipalps (except  T. oliveri and  T. pinocchio ); similar pedipalpal extensions (unique to members of this group); and being among the smallest  Torrenticola in the west (dorsum 500-625 long) (except  T. oliveri ).  T. rockyensis can be differentiated from all other Miniforma group by being distributed in the Rocky Mountains.  T. rockyensis are best differentiated from  T. copipalpa by having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extensions (broad and flat in  T. copipalpa ).  T. rockyensis are best differentiated from  T. pacificensis by females having more elongate subcapitular rostra (length/width ♀ = 2.72-2.91 in  T. rockyensis , 2.59-2.68 in  T. pacificensis ).  T. rockyensis are best differentiated from  T. manni by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width = 2.47-3.11 in  T. rockyensis , 3.13-3.38 in  T. manni ).  T. rockyensis are best differentiated from  T. miniforma by being larger (dorsum length ♀ = 570-620 in  T. rockyensis , 545 in  T. miniforma ; ♂ = 525-545 in  T. rockyensis , 485 in  T. miniforma ) and having stockier subcapitular rostra (length/width ♀ = 2.72-2.91 in  T. rockyensis , 3.13 in  T. miniforma ; ♂ = 2.83-3.00 in  T. rockyensis , 3.19 in  T. miniforma ).  T. rockyensis can be differentiated by having a shorter anterior venter (175-223 in  T. rockyensis , 250-310 in  T. oliveri ) and less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.4-3.1 in  T. rockyensis , 3.6-4.2 in  T. oliveri ).  T. rockyensis can be differentiated from  T. pinocchio by having a less elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.7-3.0 in  T. rockyensis , 4.5-4.9 in  T. pinocchio ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 226) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (570-620 (620) long; 400-420 (400) wide) ovoid with purple coloration often restricted posteriorly, occasionally encroaching anteriorly nearly to the platelets (one specimen with purple on the platelets). Anterio-medial platelets (110-120 (120) long; 43.75-52.5 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-172.5 (172.5) long; 52.5-62.5 (62.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-310 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.55 (1.55); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.38 (1.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.19-2.51 (2.29); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.76-3.05 (2.76); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.43-1.55 (1.44).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-315 (302.5) long (ventral); 222.5-235 (231) long (dorsal); 115-122.5 (117.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (117.5-130 (123.75) long; 42.5-45 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (283-310 (283) long) with curved fangs (52.5-68 (67) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.49-2.68 (2.57); rostrum length/width 2.72-2.91 (2.91). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate (occasionally broadly tuberculate), dentate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter 35-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (90-95 (95) long); genu (63.75-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (62.5-70 (70) long; 21.25-23.75 (22.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.46 (1.41); tibia/femur 0.68-0.74 (1.74); tibia length/width 2.78-3.11 (3.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (615-770 (760) long; 339-470 (455) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (120-147.5 (145) long; 65-80 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (42.5-60 (52.5) long). Genital plates (172.5-190 (185) long; 157.5-173.75 (170) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (239-279 (279) long (total); 112-133 (121) long (medial)); Cx-3 (247-310 (296) wide); anterior venter (175-202.5 (190) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.71-2.27 (2.15); anterior venter/genital field length 0.99-1.07 (1.03); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.08-1.19 (1.12); anterior venter/medial suture 3.13-4.29 (3.62).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 227) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (525-545 (535) long; 335-350 (350) wide) ovoid with purple coloration often restricted posteriorly, occasionally encroaching anteriorly nearly to the platelets. Anterio-medial platelets (102.5-106.25 (105) long; 45-47.5 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-155 (152.5) long; 52.5-55 (52.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-285 (280)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.53-1.57 (1.53); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.23-1.31 (1.25); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.21-2.36 (2.33); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.68-2.90 (2.90); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.51 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (270-285 (285) long (ventral); 197.5-208 (207) long (dorsal); 102.5-107.5 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (106.25-112.5 (112.5) long; 36.25-38.75 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (269-284 (282) long) with curved fangs (41-52 (46) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.62-2.67 (2.65); rostrum length/width 2.83-3.00 (3.00). Pedipalps short and stocky (especially tibiae) with tuberculate (occasionally broadly tuberculate), dentate ventral extensions on femora and dentate, flanged ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-40 (31.25) long); femur (81.25-86.25 (86.25) long); genu (57.5-60 (60) long); tibia (52.5-62.5 (62.5) long; 21.25-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.41-1.44 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.62-0.74 (0.72); tibia length/width 2.47-2.82 (2.78).</p>
            <p>Venter - (580-690 (690) long; 352-420 (385) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (130-140 (140) long; 57.5-62.5 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (75-92.5 (92.5) long). Genital plates (137.5-147.5 (143.75) long; 105-113.75 (110) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (234-266 (266) long (total); 98.25-137 (136) long (medial)); Cx-3 (245-270 (260) wide); anterior venter (197.5-222.5 (215) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.12-2.26 (2.24); anterior venter/genital field length 1.42-1.51 (1.50); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.82-1.98 (1.95); anterior venter/medial suture 2.32-2.73 (2.32).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  rockyensis ) refers to the distribution of this species in the Rocky Mountains. This location-based naming reflects that locality is the easiest way to differentiate this species from others in the Miniforma Group, particularly  T. pacificensis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Montana (Figure 225).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola rockyensis groups with other members of the Miniforma group in all analyses with high support. All specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other and are greater than 5% different from other members of the group. This species is the only member of the Miniforma group that occurs in the Rocky Mountains. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by non-overlapping distributions, low COI divergence within the species, and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola rockyensis groups with other members of the Miniforma Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. rockyensis groups with three other morphologically similar species:  T. pacificensis ,  T. manni , and  T. copipalpa .  Torrenticola rockyensis is greater than 5% different from the other three species in COI sequence and is the only one of the four to occur in the Rocky Mountains. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, the pedipalp genu extensions, and western distribution, we were able to place this species in the Miniforma Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4317571272FA31EC2467B43B878D9711	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
B7509B1B316247B8D21629B0B62F7246.text	B7509B1B316247B8D21629B0B62F7246.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola rufoalba Habeeb 1955	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola rufoalba Habeeb, 1955</p>
            <p> Torrenticola anomala rufoalba Habeeb, 1955: 2. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola rufoalba Habeeb, 1957: 5. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, New Jersey, Morris County, Brook, Brookside, 20 May 1953, by H Habeeb.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀ and 0 ♂): New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ (ALLOTYPE) from Sussex County, Little Flatbrook, north of Bevans, 12 Oct 1953, by H Habeeb.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♂) and allotype (♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola rufoalba are similar to other members of the  Rusetria “4-Plates” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani , and  T. shubini ) and  T. skvarlai in having anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate, dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and indistinct hind coxal margins. Male  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from other male  Rusetria four plates by having a shorter anterior venter (195 in  T. rufoalba , 215-285 in others).  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from  T. dunni by having a shorter dorsum (♀ = 550 in  T. rufoalba , 605-680 in  T. dunni ; ♂ = 440 in  T. rufoalba , 500-540 in  T. dunni ) and a thinner dorsum (♀ = 400 in  T. rufoalba , 440-490 in  T. dunni ; ♂ = 320 in  T. rufoalba , 350-370 in  T. dunni ).  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from  T. pollani by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.96-3.06 in  T. rufoalba , 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani ). Female  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from female  T. pollani by having stockier tibiae (length/width = 3.5 in  T. rufoalba , 3.8-4.2 in  T. pollani ).  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from  T. shubini by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.96-3.06 in  T. rufoalba , 2.24-2.92 in  T. shubini ). Female  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from female  T. shubini by having a wider genital field (157.5 in  T. rufoalba , 137-145 in  T. shubini ).  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from  T. glomerabilis and by having more elongate anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.45-2.61 in  T. rufoalba , 1.9-2.3 in  T. glomerabilis ) and thinner dorsum (♀ = 400 in  T. rufoalba , 460-490 in  T. glomerabilis ; ♂ = 320 in  T. rufoalba , 395-430 in  T. glomerabilis ).  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from  T. kittatinniana by having a shorter dorsum (♀ = 550 in  T. rufoalba , 640 in  T. kittatinniana ; ♂ = 440 in  T. rufoalba , 500 in  T. kittatinniana ) and stockier anterio-medial platelets (length/width = 2.45-2.61 in  T. rufoalba , 2.83-2.88 in  T. kittatinniana ).  T. rufoalba can be differentiated from  T. skvarlai by having a conical pedipalpal femoral tubercle, whereas  T. skvarlai has a broad and flat pedipalpal femoral tubercle. </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 229) (n = 1) (allotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550 long; 400 wide) ovoid with reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with a strip of orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5 long; 41.25 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (168.75 long; 55 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.57; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.61; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.07; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.57.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310 long (ventral); 235 long (dorsal); 127.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (130 long; 42.5 wide). Chelicerae (315 long) with curved fangs (62.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.43; rostrum length/width 3.06. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5 long); femur (115 long); genu (65 long); tibia (87.5 long; 25 wide); tarsus (17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.77; tibia/femur 0.76; tibia length/width 3.50.</p>
            <p>Venter - (640 long; 450 wide) mostly colorless with reddish-purple coloration in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (142.5 long; 92.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5 long). Genital plates (167.5 long; 155 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (125 long (total); 125 long (medial)); Cx-3 (335 wide); anterior venter (155 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.54; anterior venter/genital field length 0.93; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00; anterior venter/medial suture 8.86.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 230) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (440 long; 320 wide) ovoid with reddish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with a strip of orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (95 long; 38.75 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (142.5 long; 47.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 237.5). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.35; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.45; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.00; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.50.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (257.5 long (ventral); 190 long (dorsal); 95 tall) colorless. Rostrum (103.75 long; 35 wide). Chelicerae (237.5 long) with curved fangs (50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.71; rostrum length/width 2.96. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35 long); femur (92.5 long); genu (55 long); tibia (76.25 long; 21.25 wide); tarsus (17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68; tibia/femur 0.82; tibia length/width 3.59.</p>
            <p>Venter - (530 long; 400 wide) mostly colorless with reddish-purple coloration in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (120 long; 67.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (72.5 long). Genital plates (120 long; 97.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (235 long (total); 112.5 long (medial)); Cx-3 (280 wide); anterior venter (195 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.78; anterior venter/genital field length 1.63; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.00; anterior venter/medial suture 2.69.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Habeeb (1955) did not specify an etymology for this specific epithet (  rufoalba ). However, we speculate that it refers to the dorsal coloration as Habeeb (1955) notes, "color red and white" (rufus, L. red; albus, L. white). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Northern New Jersey (Figure 228).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire more specimens of  Torrenticola rufoalba and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine the holotype. Based upon overall similarity, the fusion of the posterio-lateral platelets, and distribution, this species clearly groups with the  Rusetria Complex and can be placed into the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7509B1B316247B8D21629B0B62F7246	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
18D6CE7482E32F84B1F9C7BBF054A698.text	18D6CE7482E32F84B1F9C7BBF054A698.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola sellersorum Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola sellersorum Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Pennsylvania, Fayette County, Ohiopyle State Park, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005, DNA 2831.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (18 ♀; 8 ♂): Manitoba, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Eating Point Creek, 0.3 kilometers east of Highway 6 (53°15'7"N, 99°18'54"W), 4 Jul 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090030A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ochre River, beside Highway 5 (51°3'N, 99°46'W), 6 Sep 1970, by DW Barr &amp; H Frania, ROM700638  • New Mexico, USA: 2 ♀ from Catron County, Whitewater Creek, Glenwood Whitewater Picnic Area, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120005  • 1 ♀ from Grant County, east fork of Gila River, Grapevine Recreation Area off Route 15 north of Silver City, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120007  • Ohio, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Hocking County, beside road near Ash Cave, East Branch of Queer Creek (39°24'N, 82°33'W), 5 May 1993, by IM Smith &amp; DR Cook, IMS930001A  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Fayette County, Ohiopyle State Park, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005, DNA 2835  • 1 ♂ from Fayette County, Ohiopyle State Park, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005  • 2 ♀ from Westmoreland County, Irwin Park (40°19'38"N, 79°42'30"W), 4 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0804-004  • 4 ♀ from Somerset County, Laurel Hill State Park Laurel Hill Creek (40°1'6"N, 79°14'4"W), 8 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0808-001  • Saskatchewan, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Smeaton Torch River, beside Highway 106, 26.2 km north of Highway 55, 20 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120079  • South Dakota, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Pennington County, Willow Creek Trail Head off Route 244, Willow Creek (43°54'N, 103°32'W), 10 Sep 1999, by IM Smith, IMS990033. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (13 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola sellersorum are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae ,  T. microbiscutella , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east. It is one of only four Eastern 2-Plates that have dark, bold, bluish-purple coloration (also  T. tysoni ,  T. biscutella , and  T. pendula ).  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from  T. ululata ,  T. indistincta , and  T. feminellai by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from  T. tysoni by having a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 2.44-2.68 in  T. sellersorum , 3.06-3.31 in  T. tysoni ; ♂ = 2.71-3.05 in  T. sellersorum , 3.14-3.50 in  T. tysoni ). Female  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from female  T. biscutella by anterior venter/genital field length (0.69-0.77 in  T. sellersorum , 0.82-0.88 in  T. biscutella ). Male  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from male  T. biscutella by having slightly more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.76-3.00 in  T. sellersorum , 2.58-2.74 in  T. biscutella ).  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from  T. pendula by having a stockier gnathosomal bay (length/width = 1.56-2.08 in  T. sellersorum , 2.42-2.90 in  T. pendula ) and more elongate tibiae (length/width = 3.13-3.8 in  T. sellersorum , 2.78-3.05 in  T. pendula ).  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from  T. whitneyae by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.13-3.80 in  T. sellersorum , 2.42-2.95 in  T. whitneyae ).  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from  T. microbiscutella by having a less elongate dorsum (length/width = 1.23-1.54 in  T. sellersorum , 1.63-1.75 in  T. microbiscutella ). Female  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from female  T. malarkeyorum by anterior venter/genital field length (0.69-0.77 in  T. sellersorum , 0.85-0.89 in  T. malarkeyorum ). Female  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from female  T. caerulea by having a wider genital field (150-182 in  T. sellersorum , 120-145 in  T. caerulea ). Female  T. sellersorum can be differentiated from female  T. delicatexa by having a rounder dorsum (length/width = 1.23-1.37 in  T. sellersorum , 1.38-1.44 in  T. delicatexa ). Male  T. sellersorum do not have any measurement differences with male  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. caerulea , and  T. delicatexa ; however, they can be differentiated by dorsal coloration. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 232) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-650 (540) long; 400-520 (400) wide) ovoid with bold (occasionally faint) bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with a thin or thick strip of red medially. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-135 (117.5) long; 35-50 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (147.5-172.5 (147.5) long; 47.5-75 (47.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-370 (295)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.37 (1.35); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.35-1.42 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.65-3.36 (3.36); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.23-3.11 (3.11); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.26-1.36 (1.26).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (282.5-330 (285) long (ventral); 210-245 (219) long (dorsal); 130-157.5 (135) tall) colorless. Rostrum (110-125 (113.75) long; 42.5-47.5 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae 280-325 (280) long) with curved fangs (51-66 (62) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.05-2.17 (2.11); rostrum length/width 2.44-2.68 (2.68). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-50 (42.5) long); femur (107.5-122.5 (110) long); genu (62.5-72.5 (65) long); tibia (82.5-95 (85) long; 22.5-27.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.69-1.85 (1.69); tibia/femur 0.75-0.79 (0.77); tibia length/width 3.14-3.80 (3.78).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-800 (645) long; 449-529 (470) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-187.5 (157.5) long; 82.5-97.5 (82.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (0-10 (0) long) often absent. Genital plates (160-195 (165) long; 150-181.25 (157.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (230-322 (270) long (total); 83-126 (106) long (medial)); Cx-3 (310-365 (319) wide); anterior venter (120-142.5 (120) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.56-2.08 (1.91); anterior venter/genital field length 0.69-0.77 (0.73); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.74-0.80 (0.76); anterior venter/medial suture (proportion cannot be calculated for specimens without a medial suture) 12.25-17.00.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 233) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (390-470 (400) long; 255-330 (280) wide) ovoid with bold (occasionally faint) bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with a thin or thick strip of red medially. Anterio-medial platelets (82.5-97.5 (82.5) long; 30-40 (30) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (112.5-145 (120) long; 37.5-52.5 (42.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 190-250 (220)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.42-1.54 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.27-1.34 (1.27); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.44-2.83 (2.75); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.76-3.00 (2.82); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.32-1.49 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (205-245 (215) long (ventral); 151-179 (166) long (dorsal); 80-107.5 (91.25) tall) colorless. Rostrum 80-95 (85) long; 27.5-35 (30) wide). Chelicerae (195-235 (208) long) with curved fangs (40-50 (46) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.24-2.59 (2.36); rostrum length/width 2.71-3.05 (2.83). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-38.75 (30) long); femur (75-87.5 (80) long); genu (46.25-52.5 (50) long); tibia (62.5-70 (67.5) long; 18.75-21.25 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.67 (1.60); tibia/femur 0.79-0.87 (0.84); tibia length/width 3.13-3.47 (3.38).</p>
            <p>Venter - (465-570 (490) long; 290-367 (325) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (105-135 (117.5) long; 57.5-66.25 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (57.5-72.5 (57.5) long). Genital plates (102.5-122.5 (107.5) long; 91.25-115 (96.25) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (189-237 (199) long (total); 79-96 (85) long (medial)); Cx-3 (230-290 (232) wide); anterior venter (150-185 (150) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.75-2.08 (1.81); anterior venter/genital field length 1.39-1.59 (1.40); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.55-1.78 (1.56); anterior venter/medial suture 2.32-2.61 (2.61).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  sellersorum ) named in honor of the grandparents of DMF, who always supported and encouraged her love of nature and discovery. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Widespread (Figure 231).  T. sellersorum are unlike all other  Torrenticola in our collections in that they span either side of the Great Plains, which act as a barrier for most other species.  T. sellersorum are likely absent from cool, highland streams of the Appalachians, Interior Highlands, and Rocky Mountains, but are likely widely distributed throughout the Interior. Explaining the peculiar distribution of  T. sellersorum will depend on knowledge of dispersal capabilities, including host preference by the larvae and the dispersal capabilities of the host. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In all analyses,  Torrenticola sellersorum groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 2.3% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analysis,  T. sellersorum groups with other eastern members of the  Rusetria Complex that have fused lateral platelets. Because of this, we are able to place this species in the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
            <p> The slightly increased COI variation of this species (2.3%) is expected for specimens separated by great geographic distance. For example, the specimens from Pennsylvania are 0-1.3% different from each other and the specimens from Saskatchewan are 0.3% different from each other, but Pennsylvania specimens are 1.3-2.0% different from the Saskatchewan specimens. However, even specimens from New Mexico are only 2.0-2.3% different from other localities, despite being separated by great geographic distance and ecoregions that act as barriers for other  Torrenticola (i.e., the Great Plains). This variation in COI in the New Mexico samples supports two hypotheses: 1) given the relatively low divergence of approximately 2%, New Mexico specimens represent the same species as specimens further east; and conversely, 2) given the relatively high divergence of greater than 1%, New Mexico specimens represent a long-standing population, not a recent introduction from the east. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2.3%) (but see above discussion) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18D6CE7482E32F84B1F9C7BBF054A698	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
B3129E05902983A06FF481551A47BDD1.text	B3129E05902983A06FF481551A47BDD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola sharkeyi Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola sharkeyi Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, New Mexico, Catron County, Gila Hot Springs, Little Creek Recreational Area, Little Creek, off Route 15, 6 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120006, DNA 2891.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (13 ♀; 11 ♂): Arizona, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon, Oak Creek, beside Route 89A, between Banjo Bill &amp; Bootlegger campgrounds, 21 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870100A &amp; IMS870100B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Yavapai County, West Clear Creek at Clear Creek campground, off Forest Road 9, east of Camp Verde, 19-22 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870098 &amp; IMS870102  • New Mexico, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Gila Cliff Dwellers National Monument, West Fork of Gila River, 10 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870080A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Catron County, Gila Hot Springs, Little Creek, Little Creek Recreational Area off Route 15, 6 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120006, DNA 2892  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Gila River, beside Route 15, just below mouth of Little Creek, 11 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870083A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Catron County, Gila Hot Springs, Little Creek, Little Creek Recreational Area off Route 15, 6 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120006  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Catron County, Little Creek, beside Route 15, 65 kilometers north of Route 180 in Silver City, 10 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870081A  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Grant County, Gila River Recreation Area, East Fork of Gila River, beside Route 15, 11 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870082A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Grant County, Grapevine Recreational Area, East Fork of Gila River, off Route 15 north of Silver City, 5 May 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120007. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (8 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola sharkeyi is unlike all other western species by having the following combination of characters: dorsal coloration, although faint, restricted posteriorly; indistinct hind coxal margins; and ellipsoid body. It is only known from Catron &amp; Grant Counties, New Mexico. It is most similar to members of the Rala Group (  T. rala ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. boettgeri ,  T. lamellipalpis ,  T. dolichodactyla , and  T. anoplopalpa ); however, members of this group are colorless.  T. sharkeyi can be differentiated from  T. boettgeri ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. lamellipalpis ,  T. keesdavidsi , and  T. anoplopalpa by having tuberculate ventral extensions on the pedipalpal femora (others are lacking extensions, have dentate flanged extensions or wide lamellate extensions).  T. sharkeyi can be differentiated from  T. rala ,  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. boettgeri ,  T. dolichodactyla and  T. anoplopalpa by having a more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.81-4.10 in  T. sharkeyi , 1.75-3.38 in others).  T. sharkeyi can be differentiated from  T. kurtvietsi ,  T. keesdavidsi ,  T. lamellipalpis , and  T. anoplopalpa by having a stockier subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 2.03-2.40 in  T. sharkeyi , 2.51-4.16 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 235) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (650-750 (715) long; 450-530 (490) wide) ovoid with faint bluish-purple coloration restricted posteriorly or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (130-155 (137.5) long; 50-57.5 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (187.5-225 (202.5) long; 62.5-75 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 305-360 (335)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.41-1.46 (1.46); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38-1.52 (1.46); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.60-2.77 (2.62); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.91-3.08 (3.00); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.39-1.47 (1.47).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-335 (310) long (ventral); 215-245 (227) long (dorsal); 135-157.5 (152.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (117.5-137.5 (125) long; 45-55 (46.25) wide). Chelicerae (290-340 (314) long) with curved fangs (62.5-70 (68) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.03-2.25 (2.03); rostrum length/width 2.45-2.89 (2.70). Pedipalps with short tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-50 (50) long); femur (112.5-132.5 (125) long); genu (66.25-75 (68.75) long); tibia (100-107.5 (105) long; 25-27.5 (26.25) wide); tarsus (23.75-27.5 (27.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.83 (1.82); tibia/femur 0.81-0.91 (0.84); tibia length/width 3.91-4.10 (4.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (730-880 (870) long; 513-610 (543) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145-186.25 (181.25) long; 92.5-105 (105) wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (20-25 (20) long). Genital plates (177.5-200 (200) long; 157.5-180 (167.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-350 (323) long (total); 125-160 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (365-405 (365) wide); anterior venter (167.5-186.25 (181.25) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.57-1.84 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 0.91-0.97 (0.91); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.03-1.08 (1.08); anterior venter/medial suture 7.30-9.25 (9.06).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 236) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-650 (650) long; 415-470 (470) wide) ovoid with faint bluish-purple coloration restricted posteriorly or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (125-137.5 (137.5) long; 40-60 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (180-197.5 (197.5) long; 62.5-82.5 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-320 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.36-1.44 (1.38); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.46-1.49 (1.47); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.29-3.13 (2.29); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.39-2.96 (2.39); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.37-1.51 (1.44).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-300 (300) long (ventral); 195-216 (215.75) long (dorsal); 105-127.5 (127.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-119 (118.75) long; 37.5-50 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (270-303 (303) long) with curved fangs (46-50 (47) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.31-2.40 (2.35); rostrum length/width 2.30-2.91 (2.79). Pedipalps with short tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (102.5-115 (110) long); genu (57.5-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (88-104 (103.75) long; 22.5-27 (26.25) wide); tarsus (22.5-27.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.63-1.80 (1.63); tibia/femur 0.83-0.94 (0.94); tibia length/width 3.80-3.95 (3.95).</p>
            <p>Venter - (670-771 (770) long; 460-520 (496) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (127.5-170 (170) long; 80-90 (90) wide). Cxgl-4 apical. Medial suture (85-105 (100) long). Genital plates (177.5-202 (201.25) long; 135-147.5 (147.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-315 (305) long (total); 140-157.5 (157.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (325-370 (360) wide); anterior venter (237.5-270 (270) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.46-1.94 (1.89); anterior venter/genital field length 1.28-1.41 (1.34); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.70-1.93 (1.83); anterior venter/medial suture 2.43-2.79 (2.70).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  sharkeyi ) named in honor of braconid systematist, Michael Sharkey, who advised JRF during his  master’s degree and solidified his life-long passion for taxonomy. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southwestern, New Mexico and Arizona (Figure 234).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Our analyses were unable to confidently place  Torrenticola sharkeyi phylogenetically. The COI analyses recovers this species at the base of the Raptor Complex, but this relationship was not recovered in the combined analysis. Because of this ambiguity, we refrain from placing this species in a species complex. Furthermore, because of the unique morphology of this species, we refrain from placing this species in an identification group. </p>
            <p>All specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other and greater than 16% different from sister species.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (greater than 3%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3129E05902983A06FF481551A47BDD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
918A2FF5C6F8B6EEBDF48A0673969472.text	918A2FF5C6F8B6EEBDF48A0673969472.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola shubini isher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola shubini isher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): USA, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong Little Pigeon River (35°44'12"N, 83°24'51"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100132.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 5 ♂): Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Somerset County, Laurel Hill State Park, Laurel Hill Creek (40°1'6"N, 79°14'4"W), 8 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0808-001, DNA 2845  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Abrams River (35°35'31"N, 83°51'21"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100141  • 2 ♀ from Monroe County, Turkey Creek (35°21'47"N, 84°9'47"W), 12 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090112  • 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong Little Pigeon River (35°43'33"N, 83°24'1"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100131  • 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, middle prong Little Pigeon River (35°44'12"N, 83°24'51"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100132  • Vermont, USA: 2 ♀ from Addison County, Lincoln, beside Forest Service Road #54, New Haven River (44°6'N, 72°59'W), 6 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890074  • Virginia, USA: 2 ♂ from Scott County, beside Route 58/421, 0.9 kilometers east of Route 709, North Fork of Holston River (36°39'N, 82°28'W), by IM Smith, IMS900080. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (3 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola shubini are similar to other members of the  Rusetria “4-Plates” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani , and  T. rufoalba ) and  T. skvarlai in having anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate, dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and indistinct hind coxal margins. Female  T. shubini can be differentiated from female  T. dunni by having a thinner rostrum (length/width = 2.5-2.7 in  T. shubini , 2.8-3.0 in  T. dunni ). Male  T. dunni can be differentiated from male  T. shubini by having a longer anterior venter (215-238 in  T. shubini , 277-285 in  T. dunni ).  T. shubini can be differentiated from  T. pollani by having stockier tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.30-3.60 in  T. shubini , 3.89-4.18 in  T. pollani ; ♂ = 3.11-3.22 in  T. shubini , 3.41-3.75 in  T. pollani ) and a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.24-2.92 in  T. shubini , 3.27-3.82 in  T. pollani ).  T. shubini can be differentiated from  T. glomerabilis by having the Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/length between Dgl-4 = 1.2-1.4 in  T. shubini ; 1.5-1.7 in  T. glomerabilis ); and stockier tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.3-3.6 in  T. shubini , 4.1-4.5 in  T. glomerabilis ; ♂ = 3.1-3.2 in  T. shubini , 3.5-4.4 in  T. glomerabilis ). Female  T. shubini can be differentiated from female  T. kittatinniana by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.5-2.7 in  T. shubini , 3.16 in  T. kittatinniana ) and a taller subcapitulum (140-145 in  T. shubini , 125 in  T. kittatinniana ). Male  T. shubini can be differentiated from male  T. kittatinniana by having a shorter dorsum (400-465 in  T. shubini , 500 in  T. kittatinniana ) and a shorter genital field (90-108 in  T. shubini , 115 in  T. kittatinniana ).  T. shubini can be differentiated from  T. rufoalba by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.24-2.92 in  T. shubini , 2.96-3.06 in  T. rufoalba ). Female  T. shubini can be differentiated from female  T. rufoalba by having a thinner genital field (137-145 in  T. shubini , 157.5 in  T. rufoalba ). Male  T. shubini can be differentiated from male  T. rufoalba by having a longer anterior venter (215-238 in  T. pollani , 195 in  T. rufoalba ).  T. shubini can be differentiated from  T. skvarlai by having a conical pedipalpal femoral tubercle, whereas  T. skvarlai has a broad and flat pedipalpal femoral tubercle, and by having a longer anterior venter (♀ = 156-170 in  T. shubini , 140-153 in  T. skvarlai ; ♂ = 215-238 in  T. shubini , 177-205 in  T. skvarlai ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 238) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-640 (590) long; 415-455 (430) wide) ovoid with faint bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (115-125 (122.5) long; 40-47.5 (46.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-170 (165) long; 55-60 (56.25) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 310-335 (325)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.45 (1.37); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.32-1.42 (1.32); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.63-2.88 (2.65); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.75-2.96 (2.93); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28-1.43 (1.35).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-320 (310) long (ventral); 223-255 (232) long (dorsal); 140-145 (140) tall) colorless. Rostrum (117.5-122.5 (120) long; 45-48.75 (45) wide). Chelicerae (288-320 (316) long) with curved fangs (54-63 (57) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.14-2.21 (2.21); rostrum length/width 2.51-2.67 (2.67). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (112.5-121.25 (117.5) long); genu (63.75-70 (66.25) long); tibia (82.5-90 (83.75) long; 23.75-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.71-1.83 (1.77); tibia/femur 0.68-0.75 (0.71); tibia length/width 3.30-3.60 (3.35).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-780 (740) long; 446-521 (447) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (127.5-165 (165) long; 85-96.25 (96.25) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (7.5-22.5 (7.5) long). Genital plates (156.25-175 (167.5) long; 137.5-145 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (238-308 (291) long (total); 98-138 (138) long (medial)); Cx-3 (307-356 (307) wide); anterior venter (157.5-170 (157.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.50-1.94 (1.71); anterior venter/genital field length 0.94-1.05 (0.94); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.14-1.24; anterior venter/medial suture 7.50-21.00 (7.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 239) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (400-465 (460) long; 260-305 (300) wide) ovoid with faint bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (82.5-100 (92.5) long; 30-40 (35) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (115-135 (127.5) long; 35-47.5 (42.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 210-250 (250)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.52-1.57 (1.53); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.20-1.27 (1.20); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.31-2.92 (2.64); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.84-3.29 (3.00); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.41 (1.38).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (210-245 (240) long (ventral); 162.5-180 (171) long (dorsal); 78.75-87.5 (85) tall) colorless. Rostrum (87.5-95 (92.5) long; 30-42.5 (32.5) wide). Chelicerae (210-234 (229) long) with curved fangs (38-42.5 (40) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.67-2.82 (2.82); rostrum length/width 2.24-2.92 (2.85). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-37.5 (37.5) long); femur (82.5-91.25 (87.5) long); genu (50-55 (52.5) long); tibia (62.5-72.5 (70) long; 20-22.5 (22.5) wide); tarsus (15-16.25 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.62-1.75 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.76-0.83 (0.80); tibia length/width 3.11-3.22 (3.11).</p>
            <p>Venter - (490-571 (571) long; 310-390 (342) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (92.5-115 (115) long; 55-65 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (95-105 (95) long). Genital plates (90-107.5 (107.5) long; 75-80 (80) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (200-235 (235) long (total); 96-121 (98) long (medial)); Cx-3 (235-293 (260) wide); anterior venter (215-237.5 (232.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.54-1.82 (1.77); anterior venter/genital field length 2.16-2.39 (2.16); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.84-3.07 (2.91); anterior venter/medial suture 2.05-2.45 (2.45).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  shubini ) named in honor of author and palaeontologist Neil Shubin for his efforts to popularize stories of human evolution with his book (2009) and TV series (2014), Your Inner Fish. As with many of the species that Shubin studies (e.g.,  Tiktaalik roseae Daeschler, Shubin &amp; Jenkins, 2006),  Torrenticola shubini may represent a key evolutionary transition in the  Rusetria Complex, between species that do and do not have their lateral platelets fused to the dorsal shield. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 237).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola shubini groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. shubini groups with two other species with high support:  T. dunni and  T. pollani .  Torrenticola shubini specimens are 5-12% different in COI sequence from these other species. The range of  T. shubini overlaps with  T. dunni in the southern Appalachians, but the ranges of these species do not overlap with  T. pollani . </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, dorso-lateral platelet fusion, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 4-Plate Identification Group</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/918A2FF5C6F8B6EEBDF48A0673969472	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
93BB2111CE6F022ED76A3F804C344D57.text	93BB2111CE6F022ED76A3F804C344D57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola sierrensis (Marshall 1943) Marshall 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola sierrensis (Marshall, 1943)</p>
            <p> Atractides sierrensis Marshall, 1943: 307. </p>
            <p> Atractides mercedensis Marshall, 1943: 310. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola sierrensis Mitchell, 1954: 40. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): USA, California, Santa Cruz County, Waddell Creek, 25-26 Aug 1932, by PR Needham, RM320007</p>
            <p>PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♂): California, Santa Cruz County, Waddell Creek, 1 Dec 1932, by PR Needham, RM320008.</p>
            <p>TOPOTYPES (1 ♀; 1 ♂): from USA, California, Santa Cruz County, Waddell Creek, 30-31 Aug 1933, by PR Needham, RM330016.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (54 ♀; 34 ♂): British Columbia, Canada: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ryan Rest Area off Highway 3, east of Yahk Moyie River, 15 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120071  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Cowichan River, above Skutz Falls, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790035  • California, USA: 1 ♀ from Del Norte County, Six Rivers National Forest, Middle Fork Smith River (41°51'20"N, 123°53'10"W), 15 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0815-002  • 1 ♀ from El Dorado County, Upper Truckee River (38°50'56"N, 120°1'39"W), 29 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0829-003  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from El Dorado County, Upper Truckee River (38°50'56"N, 120°1'39"W), 29 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0829-004  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Mariposa County, El Portal, Indian Flat campground, Merced River, 9-10 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760087  • 2 ♀ from Mariposa County, Yosemite Valley, East Fork of Merced River, 22 Aug 1933, by PR Needham, RM330012  • 1 ♀ from Mendocino County, Jackson Demonstration State Park, North Fork of Big River (39°20'46"N, 123°30'35"W), 22 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0822-002  • 1 ♀ from Mendocino County, Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, North Fork of Navarro River, beside Route 128, 4 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A  • 1 ♂ from Mendocino County, Rancheria Creek, beside Route 128, 7.3 kilometers south of Boonville, 4 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870126A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monterey County, Big Sur River, beside Route 1 near Pfeiffer-Big Sur State Park, 28-29 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870116A  • 3 ♀ from Monterey County, Big Sur, Pfeiffer-Big Sure State Park, Big Sur Creek, 7 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760074  • 1 ♀ from Monterey County, Los Padres National Forest, Salmon Creek (35°48'57"N, 121°21'29"W), 6 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0906-003  • 1 ♀ from Monterey County, Pfeiffer State Park, Big Sur River (36°14'42"N, 121°46'43"W), 4 Sep 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0904-004  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monterey County, Salmon Creek, beside Route 1, south of Gorda, 28 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870114A  • 1 ♀ from Nevada County, beside Route 89, north of Hobart Mills, 13 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760109  • 1 ♀ from Nevada County, Tahoe National Forest, Sagehen Creek (39°26'2"N, 120°12'17"W), 26 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0826-006  • 2 ♀ from Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Wilson Creek (40°25'17"N, 123°3'5"W), 20 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0820-003  • 1 ♂ from Shasta County, Battle Creek, beside Route 44, 5.6 kilometers west of Viola, 10 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870139A  • 1 ♀ from Trinity County, South Fork of Trinity River, beside Route 36 at Forest Glen campground, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870131  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Brush Creek, Brush Creek Flat, beside SM99 between Roads End Station &amp; Johnsondale, 31 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870122  • 1 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Tulare County, Kern River, Brush Creek Flat, beside SM99 between Roads End Station &amp; Johnsondale, 31 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870121  • 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Stony Creek, Stony Creek Picnic Area, east of Sequoia National Park, 1 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870124A  • Idaho, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Custer County, Challis National Forest, Stanley Creek (44°15'12"N, 115°0'19"W), 30 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0730-005  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Custer County, Salmon River at picnic area, beside Route 93, north of Morgan Creek, 2 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850064  • 1 ♀ from Fremont County, Targhee National Forest, Rock Creek (44°6'44"N, 111°15'4"W), by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0725-001  • Montana, USA: 1 ♀ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, West Fork Bitterroot River (45°54'38"N, 114°9'43"W), 6 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0806-003  • 1 ♀ from Ravalli County, Medicine Springs, Spring Gulch campground, East Fork of Bitterroot River, beside Route 93, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850060  • Nevada, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Humboldt County, Paradise Valley, Cabin Creek beside road, 10.7 kilometers north of Hinkey Summit, 11 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870141A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Humboldt County, Paradise Valley, Dutch John Creek beside road, 8.3 kilometers north of Hinkey Summit, 11 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870142A  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830015  • 2 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760162  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, Brush Creek, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830012  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, Brush Creek, beside Route 1, 3 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830020B  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Quosatana Creek (42°29'21"N, 124°14'2"W), 14 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0814-003  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Rogue River National Forest, Elk River (42°42'46"N, 124°18'41"W), 13 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0813-003  • 3 ♀ from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Curry County, Sixes, Sixes River, beside road at mouth of Edson Creek, 4 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lincoln County, Blackberry campground near Tidewater, Alsea River, 28 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830009  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lincoln County, Blackberry campground near Tidewater, Alsea River, 29 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830010  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lincoln County, Siuslaw National Forest, Five Rivers Creek (44°19'53"N, 123°50'59"W), 8 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0808-001  • Washington, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Cowlitz County (46°22'24"N, 122°34'45"W), 16 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0716-001  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Grays Harbor County, Stewarts Creek (47°15'49"N, 123°55'12"W), 25 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0725-001  • Wyoming, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Sublette County, Boulder Creek, beside Route 191, just north of Boulder, 15 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870151A &amp; IMS870151B. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Types (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola sierrensis are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. sierrensis can be differentiated from most Tricolor Complex by being distributed in the west and having a wider genital field (♀ = 180-213 in  T. sierrensis , 145-180 in others; ♂ = 135-175 in  T. sierrensis , 92-120 in others), except for  T. olliei (♀ = 190-203, ♂ = 130-138).  T. sierrensis can be differentiated from  T. olliei by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 1.95-2.14 in  T. sierrensis , 1.56-1.81 in  T. olliei ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 241) (n = 9) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (700-880 (865) long; 550-740 (710) wide) circular with orange or reddish purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially (occasionally colorless). Anterio-medial platelets (162.5-197.5 (187.5) long; 65-82.5 (81.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (192.5-250 (225) long; 82.5-100 (92.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 435-520 (500)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.19-1.27 (1.22); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.22-1.43 (1.42); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.10-2.50 (2.31); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.33-2.50 (2.43); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.18-1.27 (1.20).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum 320-365 (365) long (ventral); 227-265 (260) long (dorsal); 140-165 (152.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-140 (140) long; 60-70 (70) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (320-355 long) with curved fangs (61-77.5 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.19-2.39 (2.39); rostrum length/width 1.96-2.08 (2.00). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tips on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-55 (55) long); femur (115-135 (135) long); genu (80-92.5 (92.5) long); tibia (107.5-117.5 (117.5) long; 32.5-35 (35) wide); tarsus (21.25-35 32.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.35-1.55 (1.46); tibia/femur 0.86-0.95 (0.87); tibia length/width 3.07-3.48 (3.36).</p>
            <p>Venter - (775-1040 (1015) long; 619-820 (770) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (155-205 (195) long; 95-112.5 (112.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5-37.5 (22.5) long). Genital plates (210-235 (222.5) long; 180-212.5 (212.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (192.5-370 (370) long (total); 136-185 (172.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (250-475 (475) wide); anterior venter (192.5-237.5 (212.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.50-1.91 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 0.90-1.06 (0.96); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00-1.13 (1.00); anterior venter/medial suture 6.33-12.14 (9.44).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 242) (n = 7) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (590-735 (715) long; 460-590 (580) wide) circular with orange or reddish purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially (occasionally colorless). Anterio-medial platelets (137.5-172.5 (172.5) long; 60-75 (75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (185-222.5 (215) long; 72.5-95 (92.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 355-460 (460)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.17-1.28 (1.23); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.26-1.33 (1.26); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.24-2.48 (2.30); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.12-2.55 (2.32); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.22-1.38 (1.25).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (270-330 (325) long (ventral); 200-235 (235) long (dorsal); 118.75-140 (135) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-122.5 (122.5) long; 50-60 (60) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (262-317.5 (315) long) with curved fangs (50-67.5 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.23-2.46 (2.41); rostrum length/width 1.95-2.14 (2.04). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions with dentate tips on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-50 (50) long); femur (92.5-120 (120) long); genu (65-80 (78.75) long); tibia (82.5-107.5 (102.5) long; 27.5-32.5 (32.5) wide); tarsus (25-32.5 (32.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.42-1.52 (1.52); tibia/femur 0.85-0.95 (0.85); tibia length/width 3.00-3.31 (3.15).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-895 (875) long; 538-667 (665) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (112.5-180 (175) long; 80-100 (92.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (72.5-92.5 (90) long). Genital plates (172.5-220 (217.5) long; 135-175 (175) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (269-360 (360) long (total); 137-182.5 (182.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (364-455 (455) wide); anterior venter (255-295 (290) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.41-1.89 (1.89); anterior venter/genital field length 1.32-1.51 (1.33); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.66-1.89 (1.66); anterior venter/medial suture 3.03-3.59 (3.22).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Although Marshall (1943) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  sierrensis ), surely it refers to the type locality of this species within the Sierra Nevada in California. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Western (Figure 240), but likely not found in the southwest.  T. sierrensis was previously known only from a few localities in California; we extend the range in western North America, but not in the southwest. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola sierrensis group with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support in all analyses and group with  T. olliei to form the western portion of this complex. Specimens within this complex are 0-4.5% different in COI sequence from each other and greater than 6% different from  T. olliei . This is higher sequence variability in COI than in most species hypotheses presented herein. However, given the topology in the COI tree (Figure 10) and morphological similarity, it seems apparent that the variability represents a continuum across a large distribution, rather than isolated species. This species hypothesis is supported by phylogenetic affinity and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis. </p>
            <p> Upon examining the types of  T. sierrensis and  T. mercedensis (Marshall, 1943), all characters for both species overlap with members of only one clade in our analyses. Therefore, it is apparent that these represent the same species hypothesis and must be synonymized. As First Revisers (ICZN Article 24.2), we select "  sierrensis " as the senior synonym over "  mercedensis " due to its broader range implication ("  mercedensis " refers to the Merced River), even though  T. sierrensis is distributed more widely than just the Sierra Nevada ranges. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/93BB2111CE6F022ED76A3F804C344D57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
5EF74D187F35EDFCAA74AC2477D0B833.text	5EF74D187F35EDFCAA74AC2477D0B833.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola skvarlai Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola skvarlai Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Pennsylvania, Somerset County, Laurel Hill State Park, Laurel Hill Creek (40°1'6"N, 79°14'4"W), 8 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0808-001.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (17 ♀; 24 ♂): New Hampshire, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Coos County, Randolph, Moose River, beside Route 2, 30 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810105  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Coos County, White Mountain National Forest, Peabody River, Dolly Copp Campground, south of Gorham, 27 Jul 1981, IMS810099A &amp; IMS810099B  • New York, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Essex County, Minerva, Boreas River, beside Route 28N, 13.8 kilometers northwest of Morse Memorial Parkway, 21 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900050A  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Greene County, Schoharie Creek, beside Route 23A, 9.6 kilometers west of Route 296 in Hunter, 22 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900052  • North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Macon County, Cullasaja River, Highlands beside Route 64/28, 4.1 kilometers northwest of Cliffside Lake Road, 30 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900070A  • 2 ♂ from Macon County, Rainbow Springs, Nantahala River, beside Forest Route 67, south of Standing Indian Campground, 1 Jul 1990, IMS900072  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Yancey County, South Toe River, Lost Cove Picnic Area on Forest Route 472, 2.8 kilometers south of Route 80, 28 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900065A  • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♂ from Bedford County, Chaneysville, Sweet Root Picnic Area beside Route 326, 18 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900105  • 1 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Fayette County, Dunbar Creek (39°57'50"N, 79°35'8.70"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-001  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Huntingdon County, Alan Seeger Natural Area, Stone Creek, beside road from McAlevys Fort to Route 322, 19 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900107  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Somerset County, Laurel Hill State Park, Laurel Hill Creek (40°1'6"N, 79°14'4"W), 8 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0808-001  • 2 ♀ from Somerset County, Laurel Hill State Park, Laurel Hill Creek (40°1'6"N, 79°14'4"W), 8 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0808-001  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monroe County, Tellico River, beside Forest Route 210, 1.8 kilometers east of bridge at Bald River Falls, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079  • 1 ♂ from Monroe County, Turkey Creek, beside Forest Route 35, 2.0 kilometers northeast of road from Route 165 to Miller Chapel Church, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900078  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Washington County, Damascus, Laurel River, beside Route 58 near boundary of Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, 10 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900085A  • West Virginia, USA: 1 ♂ from Pendleton County, Spruce Knob, beside Forest Route 112, 10.2 kilometers west of Route 33, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900103  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Randolph County, Laurel Fork of Cheat River, Laurel Fork Campground off Forest Route 14, south of Wymer, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900102. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (12 ♀; 18 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (5 ♀; 5 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola skvarlai are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the  Rusetria “4-Plate” group (  T. dunni ,  T. glomerabilis ,  T. kittatinniana ,  T. pollani ,  T. rufoalba , and  T. shubini ), Elongata Group (  T. elongata ,  T. gorti , and  T. reduncarostra ), Neoanomala Group (  T. interiorensis and  T. neoanomala ),  T. bondi ,  T. racupalpa ,  T. irapalpa ,  T. erectirostra , and  T. arktonyx . They can be differentiated from all of these except  Rusetria 4-Plates by having indistinct hind coxal margins.  T. skvarlai can be differentiated from all  Rusetria 4-Plates by having broadly tuberculate, dentate pedipalp femoral extensions (all  Rusetria Complex have conical tuberculate pedipalp femoral extensions, usually without dentation) and by having a shorter anterior venter (♀ = 140-152.5 in  T. skvarlai , 155-213 in  Rusetria 4-Plates; ♂ = 177-205 in  T. skvarlai , 215-285 in  Rusetria 4-Plates). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 244) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (495-560 (495) long; 370-420 (370) wide) ovoid with reddish-purple or bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, occasionally with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5-117.5 (107.5) long; 42.5-47.5 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155-167.5 (155) long; 52.5-62.5 (52.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 245-285 (255)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.39 (1.34); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.45-1.58 (1.45); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.37-2.53 (2.53); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.68-2.95 (2.95); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.36-1.44 (1.44).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (290-315 (290) long (ventral); 218-240 (219) long (dorsal); 120-135 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (115-130 (115) long; 40-47.5 (40) wide). Chelicerae (286.75-321 (299) long) with curved fangs (49-65 (54) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.33-2.48 (2.42); rostrum length/width 2.74-2.94 (2.88). Pedipalps with broadly tuberculate, dentate ventral extensions on femora and tuberculate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-45 (40) long); femur (105-119 (105) long); genu (62.5-67.5 (62.5) long); tibia (82.5-90 (82.5) long; 22.5-25 (22.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.76 (1.68); tibia/femur 0.76-0.79 (0.79); tibia length/width 3.50-3.78 (3.67).</p>
            <p>Venter - (600-690 (600) long; 435-480 (435) wide) with faint reddish-purple or bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (125-165 (135) long; 85-105 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (12.5-15 (12.5) long). Genital plates (165-172.5 (166.25) long; 150-152.5 (150) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (243-285 (257) long (total); 109-120 (109) long (medial)); Cx-3 (295-345 (300) wide); anterior venter (140-152.5 (145) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.47-1.71 (1.59); anterior venter/genital field length 0.84-0.92 (0.87); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.93-1.02 (0.97); anterior venter/medial suture 10.17-12.00 (11.60).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 245) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (425-510 (450) long; 310-360 (325) wide) ovoid with reddish-purple or bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, occasionally with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (95-102.5 (100) long; 38.75-47.5 (40) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (142.5-177.5 (147.5) long; 45-57.5 (47.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 220-240 (240)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.32-1.42 (1.38); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.35-1.50 (1.35); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.16-2.50 (2.50); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.09-3.28 (3.11); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.48-1.73 (1.48).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (245-290 (255) long (ventral); 177.5-220 (193) long (dorsal); 92.5-105 (97.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (97.5-125 (102.5) long; 32.5-45 (35) wide). Chelicerae (235-280 (245) long) with curved fangs (47.5-55 (54) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.62-2.76 (2.62); rostrum length/width 2.78-3.00 (2.93). Pedipalps with broadly tuberculate, dentate ventral extensions on femora and tuberculate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-40 (36.25) long); femur (87.5-105 (87.5) long); genu (50-60 (52.5) long); tibia (75-82.5 (78.75) long; 20-22.5 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-18.75 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.80 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.79-0.90 (0.90); tibia length/width 3.65-3.88 (3.71).</p>
            <p>Venter - (530-620 (550) long; 358-415 (359) wide) with faint reddish-purple or bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (130-145 (130) long; 62.5-75 (73.75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (55-75 (75) long). Genital plates (120-135 (120) long; 100-110 (100) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (225-280 (242) long (total); 100-135 (102) long (medial)); Cx-3 (270-320 (272) wide); anterior venter (177.5-205 (192.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.76-2.16 (1.76); anterior venter/genital field length 1.48-1.63 (1.60); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.78-1.95 (1.93); anterior venter/medial suture 2.57-3.23 (2.57).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  skvarlai ) named in honor of Michael Skvarla, who collected specimens of the species and is a dear friend and colleague of JRF. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Appalachians (Figure 243).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola skvarlai groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other and greater than 9% from sister species. Placement of this species varied with analysis and was never well-supported. Furthermore, this species is not readily identifiable without keying, which does not warrant placement within an identification group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EF74D187F35EDFCAA74AC2477D0B833	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
02900DCF4969DD929E148EA2E89B4BF7.text	02900DCF4969DD929E148EA2E89B4BF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola solisorta Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola solisorta Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Arkansas, Polk County, East Saline Creek, beside Forest Road 38, north of Shady Lake Recreation Area, 30 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS 110041, DNA 1300.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 6 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Gaston, South Fork Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110040  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by AJ Radwell, &amp; B Crump, AJR110302  • 4 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Polk County, East Saline Creek, beside Forest Road 38, north of Shady Lake Recreation Area, 30 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS 110041. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (2 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola solisorta are similar to other members of the Nigroalba Group (  T. flangipalpa ,  T. nigroalba , and  T. dentirostra ) in being small, slightly elongate, having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly, and having distinct yet poorly-defined hind coxal margins.  T. solisorta can be differentiated from  T. flangipalpa by having tuberculate pedipalp femoral extension (flange-like and anteriorly-directed in  T. flangipalpa ); a shorter anterior venter (192-225 in  T. solisorta , 235-265 in  T. flangipalpa ); and more elongate pedipalp tibia (length/ width ♀ = 5.67-5.82 in  T. solisorta , 4.79-5.00 in  T. flangipalpa ; ♂ = 5.08-5.17 in  T. solisorta , 4.40-4.86 in  T. flangipalpa ).  T. solisorta can be differentiated from  T. dentirostra by having a smooth rostrum (  T. dentirostra has a dentate bump midway on the dorsal edge of the rostrum) and more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 5.6-5.9 in  T. solisorta , 4.5-5.0 in  T. dentirostra ; ♂ = 5.0-5.2 in  T. solisorta , 4.5-4.7 in  T. dentirostra ).  T. solisorta can be differentiated from  T. nigroalba by having orangish coloration immediately anterior to the purple dorsal coloration. Additionally, female  T. solisorta can be differentiated from female  T. nigroalba by having a slightly shorter dorsum (475-500 in  T. solisorta , 500-530 in  T. nigroalba ); a thicker gnathosomal bay (length/width = 1.3-1.5 in  T. solisorta , 1.25-1.55 in  T. nigroalba ); and a slightly thinner subcapitulum (3.14-3.30 in  T. solisorta , 3.00-3.14 in  T. nigroalba ). Male  T. solisorta also can be differentiated from  T. nigroalba by anterior venter/medial suture (2.87-3.26 in  T. solisorta , 2.54-2.77 in  T. nigroalba ) and having a wider dorsum (305-320 in  T. solisorta , 290-300 in  T. nigroalba ). Other  Torrenticola with purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly can be confused with  T. solisorta , such as  T. tahoei and  T. oregonensis . Both of these species are larger (dorsum length ♀ = 475-500 in  T. solisorta , 600-840 in others; ♂ = 425-460 in  T. solisorta , 560-820 in others) and distributed in the west (  T. solisorta is known only from the Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 247) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (475-500 (500) long; 325-360 (350) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration restricted posteriorly with orange immediately anterior and fading anteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (102.5-112.5 (112.5) long; 42.5-46.25 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (138.75-150 (147.5) long; 47.5-50 (47.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 220-240 (240)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.46 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.45-1.50 (1.46); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.22-2.53 (2.50); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.78-3.16 (3.11); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.31-1.43 (1.31).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (280-300 (300) long (ventral); 199-217 (217) long (dorsal); 85-92.5 (92.5) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (105-110 (110) long; 35-37.5 (36.25) wide). Chelicerae (256-281 (278) long) with curved fangs (34-44 (43) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.14-3.29 (3.24); rostrum length/width 2.87-3.03 (3.03). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua ending broadly and dentate. Palpomeres: trochanter (27.5-30 (30) long); femur (86.25-93.75 (93.75) long); genu (52.5-55 (55) long); tibia (80-85 (85) long; 13.75-15 (15) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (12.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.64-1.70 (1.70); tibia/femur 0.91-0.99 (0.91); tibia length/width 5.67-5.82 (5.67).</p>
            <p>Venter - (580-640 (630) long; 356-439 (380) wide) with bluish-purple or purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (97.5-110 (110) long; 70-77.5 (77.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (47.5-50 (47.5) long). Genital plates (132.5-140 (140) long; 117.5-122.5 (122.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (228-249 (249) long (total); 88-121 (121) long (medial)); Cx-3 (236.5-259.75 (252) wide); anterior venter (192.5-207.5 (205) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.30-1.50 (1.42); anterior venter/genital field length 1.45-1.54 (1.46); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.60-1.77 (1.67); anterior venter/medial suture 3.85-4.37 (4.32).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 248) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (425-460 (435) long; 305-320 (305) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration restricted posteriorly with orange immediately anterior and fading anteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5-105 (100) long; 40-45 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (130-145 (145) long; 45-50 (45) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 205-220 (215)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.37-1.48 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.42-1.51 (1.42); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.33-2.44 (2.35); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.85-3.22 (3.22); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.32-1.45 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (252.5-265 (255) long (ventral); 181-196 (190) long (dorsal); 80-87.5 (80) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (92.5-100 (100) long; 32.5-35 (35) wide). Chelicerae (240-246 (240) long) with curved fangs (33-45 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.97-3.19 (3.19); rostrum length/width 2.81-2.92 (2.86). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua ending broadly and dentate. Palpomeres: trochanter (27.5-30 (27.5) long); femur (80-82.5 (80) long); genu (48.75-51.25 (48.75) long); tibia (77.5-82.5 (77.5) long; 15-16.25 (15) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (12.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.59-1.65 (1.64); tibia/femur 0.94-1.00 (0.97); tibia length/width 5.08-5.17 (5.17).</p>
            <p>Venter - (520-570 (545) long; 335-382 (335) wide) with bluish-purple or purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (85-107.5 (102.5) long; 60-72.5 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (65-77.5 (75) long). Genital plates (105-115 (105) long; 90-95 (92.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (208-231 (230) long (total); 91-130 (130) long (medial)); Cx-3 (240-281 (240) wide); anterior venter (210-225 (215) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.17-1.52 (1.52); anterior venter/genital field length 1.87-2.10 (2.05); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.27-2.50 (2.32); anterior venter/medial suture 2.87-3.26 (2.87).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  solisorta ) refers to the dorsal coloration of this species, which is the easiest way to differentiate it from its sister species (  T. nigroalba ). If one imagines the posterior purple color as the landscape and horizon, then the orangish coloration resembles the sun beginning to rise (solis ortus, L. sunrise). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ouachita Mountains (Figure 246).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola solisorta groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support in all analyses and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. solisorta groups with two other morphologically similar species:  T. flangipalpa and  T. nigroalba .  Torrenticola solisorta is greater than 4% different in COI from its sister species (  T. nigroalba ). That clade of three species corresponds to an identification group, the Nigroalba Group, the members of which are easily differentiated by their size, coloration, long medial suture in females, and overall appearance. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/02900DCF4969DD929E148EA2E89B4BF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
0A854173AC93A310E2A8A486DF7BEA12.text	0A854173AC93A310E2A8A486DF7BEA12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola tahoei (Marshall 1943) Marshall 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola tahoei (Marshall, 1943)</p>
            <p> Atractides tahoei Marshall, 1943: 308. </p>
            <p> Torrenticola tahoei Mitchell, 1954: 40. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Santa Cruz County, Waddell Creek, 28 April 1933, PR Needham, RM330007.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): from USA, California, El Dorado County, South Lake Tahoe, Taylor Creek, 1 Sep 1932, by PR Needham, RM320005.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (49 ♀; 59 ♂): British Columbia, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ryan Rest Area off Highway 3, east of Yahk Moyie River, 15 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120071  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, beside Highway 4, 35.6 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760206  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Caycuse, Nixon Creek, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760197&amp; IMS760198  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Cowichan River, above Skutz Falls, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790035  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Robertson River, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, 10 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760183A  • 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, tributary of Robertson River, South Shore Road, north of Mesachie Lake, 10 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760183B  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lake Cowichan, Skutz Falls, Skutz Creek, near Cowichan River, 9 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790036A &amp; IMS790036B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Lost Shoe Creek, beside Highway 4, 1.3 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 9 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760203  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, spring run beside South Shore Road, 2.3 kilometers north of Lake Cowichan, 6 Jun 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790007  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Vancouver Island, Ucluelet, beside Highway 4, 16.6 kilometers east of Pacific Rim Road, 18-19 Jul 1979, by IM Smith, IMS790047  • 1 ♀ from Vancouver Island, Youbou, Shaw Creek, North Shore Road, 4.3 kilometers south of north end of Cowichan Lake, 8 Jul 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760196  • California, USA: 1 ♂ from Calaveras County, Stanislaus National Forest, North Fork Stanislaus River (38°25'20"N, 120°2'47"W), 30 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0830-005  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from El Dorado County, El Dorado National Forest, Taylor Creek (38°55'59"N, 120°3'21"W), 27 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0827-003  • 1 ♀ from Mendocino County, Jackson Demonstration State Park, North Fork of Big River (39°20'46"N, 123°30'35"W), 22 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0822-002  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Mendocino County, Cottaneva Creek, beside Route 1, 21.8 kilometers southwest of Route 101, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870129A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Mendocino County, small stream at beach access road, off Route 1, 2.6 kilometers south of Westport, 5 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870128A  • 2 ♀ from Monterey County, Nacimiento River, beside Nacimiento-Ferguson Road at Nacimiento campground, 30 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870120A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monterey County, Salmon Creek, beside Route 1, south of Gorda, 28 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870114A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Monterey County, spring run on north side of Salmon Creek, beside Route 1, south Gorda, 29 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870117  • 1 ♂ from Nevada County, Tahoe National Forest, Sagehen Creek (39°26'2"N, 120°12'17"W), 26 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0826-006  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Plumas County, beside Route 89, north of Greenville, 14 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760113  • 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Shasta County, Battle Creek, beside Route 44, 5.6 kilometers west of Viola, 10 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870139A  • 1 ♂ from Trinity County, small cascading trickle beside Route 36, 5.2 kilometers west of Forest Glen Station, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870132  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Johnsondale, Double Bunk Creek, beside SM50, 2.2 kilometers east of Double Bunk Meadow, 31 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870123  • 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Kern River, Brush Creek Flat, beside SM99 between Roads End Station &amp; Johnsondale, 31 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870121  • 1 ♂ from Tulare County, Stony Creek, Stony Creek Picnic Area, east of Sequoia National Park, 1 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870124A  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River, beside Route 33, just above Wheeler Gorge, 25-26 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870109A &amp; IMS870109B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River just below Wheeler Gorge campground, beside Route 33, 27 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870112  • Idaho, USA: 1 ♀ from Custer County, Challis National Forest, Squaw Creek (44°19'35"N, 114°28'15"W), 30 Jul 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0730-002  • 1 ♂ from Lemhi County, Salmon National Forest, Niapas Creek (45°8'15"N, 114°13'4"W), 2 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0802-003  • Montana, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Missoula County, Lolo National Forest, Lolo Creek (46°46'7"N, 114°27'53"W), 7 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0807-003  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, West Fork Bitterroot River (45°54'38"N, 114°9'43"W), 6 Aug 2012, by JR Fisher, WA Nelson, &amp; JC  O’Neill , ROW 12-0806-003  • 1 ♀ from Ravalli County, Medicine Springs, Spring Gulch campground, East Fork of Bitterroot River, beside Route 93, 1 Jul 1985, by IM Smith, IMS850060  • Oregon, USA: 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Coos County, Siskiyou National Forest, Road 33 between Powers &amp; Agness, Coal Creek, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830015  • 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760162  • 1 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Butler Bar campground, Elk River, 25-26 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760163  • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, Brush Creek, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830012  • 2 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, Brush Creek, beside Route 1, 3 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830020A &amp; IMS830020B  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, Humbug Mountain State Park Picnic Area, beside Route 1, 1 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830013  • 3 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Curry County, Sixes, Sixes River, beside road at mouth of Edson Creek, 4 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021A &amp; IMS830021B  • 2 ♂ from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001  • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lincoln County, Blackberry campground, near Tidewater, Alsea River, 28 Jun 1983, by IM Smith &amp; AB Smith, IMS830009  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Multnomah County, Columbia River Scenic Highway, Horsetail Falls, 27 Jun 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830005  • Washington, USA: 2 ♀ from Clallam County, Green Creek (48°10'45"N, 124°12'21"W), 24 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0724-005  • 1 ♂ from Clallam County, Olympic National Forest, Jimmy Come Lately Creek (47°59'5"N, 123°0'5"W), 23 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0724-001  • 1 ♀ from Clallam County, Whiskey Creek (48°8'23"N, 123°47'7"W), 24 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0724-004  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lewis County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Snake Creek (46°38'52"N, 121°43'8"W), 23 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0723-006  • 2 ♂ from Snohomish County, Mount Baker National Forest, Marten River (48°4'19"N, 121°36'24"W), 28 Jul 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0728-002. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tahoei are similar to the other member of Tahoei group,  T. oregonensis by subcapitulum shape, having purple coloration restricted posteriorly and being distributed in the west and to members of the Nigroalba Group (  T. flangipalpa ,  T. nigroalba ,  T. solisorta , and  T. dentirostra ) in having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly.  T. tahoei can be differentiated from the Nigroalba Group by being larger (dorsum length ♀ = 600-720 in  T. tahoei , 475-565 in Nigroalba Group; ♂ = 560-650 in  T. tahoei , 425-510 in Nigroalba Group) and distributed in the west (Nigroalba Group are eastern).  T. tahoei can be differentiated from  T. oregonensis by being smaller (dorsum length ♀ = 600-720 in  T. tahoei , 760-840 in  T. oregonensis ; ♂ = 560-650 in  T. tahoei , 690-820 in  T. oregonensis ; dorsum width ♀ = 430-515 in  T. tahoei , 560-640 in  T. oregonensis ; ♂ = 400-460 in  T. tahoei , 520-605 in  T. oregonensis ) and a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/width = 3.25-4.11 in  T. tahoei , 2.63-2.74 in  T. oregonensis ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 250) (n = 7) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (600-720 (640) long; 430-515 (515) wide) ovoid with purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (115-140 (132.5) long; 62.5-77.5 (72.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-202.5 (192.5) long; 65-85 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 335-400 (380)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.24-1.44 (1.24); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.25-1.43 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.68-1.96 (1.83); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.31-2.76 (2.57); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.57 (1.45).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (345-390 (390) long (ventral); 266-315 (315) long (dorsal); 95-110 (95) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (142.5-157.5 (157.5) long; 40-47.5 (45) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (358-395 (395) long) with curved fangs (50-56 (52.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.41-4.11 (4.11); rostrum length/width 3.11-3.81 (3.50). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with broad, flat, dentate, and anteriorly-directed ventral extensions on femora and broadly tuberculate, dentate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-40 long); femur (102.5-117.5 long); genu (72.5-85 long); tibia (87.5-97.5 long; 21.25-25 wide); tarsus (15-17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.38-1.52; tibia/femur 0.82-0.86; tibia length/width 3.89-4.22.</p>
            <p>Venter - (770-850 (810) long; 466-565 (565) wide) mostly colorless with areas of purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (95-112.5 (100) long; 65-80 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (95-130 (122.5) long). Genital plates (160-172.5 (166.25) long; 145-160 (160) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (266-301 (290) long (total); 159-195 (190) long (medial)); Cx-3 (297-340 (335) wide); anterior venter (285-322.5 (312.5) long) elongate. Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.19-1.59 (1.43); anterior venter/genital field length 1.70-1.88 (1.88); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.84-2.08 (1.95); anterior venter/medial suture 2.37-3.11 (2.55).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 251) (n = 5) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (560-650 long; 400-460 wide) ovoid with purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-125 long; 57.5-67.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (163.75-200 long; 65-80 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300-370). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.41; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.24-1.33; anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.70-1.96; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.38-2.71; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.44-1.65.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (325-347.5 long (ventral); 244-268 long (dorsal); 92.5-106.25 tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (130-140 long; 40-45 wide) elongate. Chelicerae (320-353 long) with curved fangs (41-56 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.25-3.57; rostrum length/width 3.06-3.31. Pedipalps elongate (especially tibia) with broad, flat, dentate, and anteriorly-directed ventral extensions on femora and broadly tuberculate, dentate ventral extensions on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-37.5 long); femur (100-107.5 long); genu (67.5-75 long); tibia (82.5-92.5 long; 20-23.75 wide); tarsus (12.5-17.5 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.43-1.48; tibia/femur 0.80-0.88; tibia length/width 3.67-4.13.</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-790 long; 450-517 wide) mostly colorless with areas of purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (95-105 long; 65-77.5 wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (120-147.5 long). Genital plates (132.5-142.5 long; 110-122.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (232-264 long (total); 138-183 long (medial)); Cx-3 (285-315 wide); anterior venter (305-325 long) elongate. Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.27-1.54; anterior venter/genital field length 2.21-2.34; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.57-2.82; anterior venter/medial suture 2.18-2.54.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Marshall (1943) did not specify an etymology for this specific epithet (  tahoei ).It surely refers to the collection locality of the paratype,  Taylor’s Creek near Lake Tahoe, California, although the holotype was collected from Waddell Creek near the coast. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Western, but not known from the southwest (Figure 249).  T. tahoei was originally reported only from a few localities in California; we expand its known range into Oregon and Washington, and the Rocky Mountains. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tahoei groups with members of the Miniforma Complex with high support in all analyses. There is considerable genetic variability within this species (0-3.8%), particularly between specimens from California and those from elsewhere. However, we find no morphological characters to support California specimens being recognized as a separate species, so we consider them all one widely distributed species. </p>
            <p>This species is so distinct and recognizable from all other species that we do not place it within an identification group. It is greater than 11.6% different in COI sequence from other members of the Miniforma group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%) and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A854173AC93A310E2A8A486DF7BEA12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
64D9C6D4DDE6A3C99C38384FD4C395C3.text	64D9C6D4DDE6A3C99C38384FD4C395C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola tricolor Habeeb 1957	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola tricolor Habeeb, 1957</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tricolor Habeeb, 1957: 1. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♂): from USA, New Jersey, Sussex County, Little Flatbrook, north of Bevans, 12 Oct 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530110.</p>
            <p>PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ (ALLOTYPE) from Sussex County, Little Flatbrook, north of Bevans, 12 Oct 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530110.</p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (15 ♀; 8 ♂): Georgia, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Chattooga County, East Fork of Little River, Cloudland (34°31'25"N, 85°30'23"W), 28 Sep 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920056A  • New Hampshire, USA: 1 ♀ from Coos County, picnic area beside Route 110, Upper Ammonoosuc River (44°36'N, 71°24'W), 5 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890071  • New Jersey, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Warren County, Pequest River, 16 kilometers west of Hackettstown, 15 Aug 1964, by DR Cook, DRC640020  • New York, USA: 1 ♀ from Hamilton County, beside Route 8, 4.8 kilometers from Warren County line, 19 Aug 1964, by DR Cook, DRC640026  • Nova Scotia, Canada: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Guysborough County, Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke Picnic Park beside Highway 7, 17 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110087  • Ontario, Canada: 1 ♀ from Hastings County, Moira River, Vanderwater Conservation Area, off Highway 37 south of Tweed, 20 Sep 1983, by IM Smith &amp; CJ Hill, IMS830086C  • 1 ♀ from Muskoka District, Baysville, shallow bay on south side of Echo Lake, 18 Aug 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810023  • South Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ from Greenville County, Matthews Creek, 24 Apr 2014, by D Eargle, JRF 14-0424-001  • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Blount County, Great Smoky National Park, Abrams River (35°35'30"N, 83°51'20"W), 17 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100142  • 1 ♀ from Monroe County, Tellico River (35°19'N, 84°10'W), 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079  • 1 ♂ from Monroe County, Tellico River (35°20'27"N, 84°11'31"W), 12 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090111  • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Middle Prong Little Pigeon River (35°43'33"N, 83°24'1"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100131  • 1 ♂ from Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Middle Prong Little Pigeon River (35°44'12"N, 83°24'51"W), 12 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100132  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♂ from Alleghany County, Covington, Potts Creek, beside Route 18, 0.5 kilometers north of Route 657, 13 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900091B  • 1 ♀ from Rappahannock County, Sperrysville, North Fork of Thornton River, beside Route 612, 0.5 miles from Route 211, 8 Sep 1968, by DR Cook, DRC680066. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tricolor are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. tricolor can be differentiated from all  Torrenticola , including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern. Although the spots always have this basic construction, there is great variability between specimens.  T. tricolor are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (  T. larvata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. trimaculata ,  cardia ,  kringi , and  T. mohawk ).  T. tricolor can be further differentiated from  T. larvata by being rounder (dorsum length/width = 1.2-1.38 in  T. tricolor , 1.41-1.57 in  T. larvata ) and stockier pedipalp tibiae (length/width ♀ = 3.0-3.11 in  T. tricolor , 3.25-3.5 in  T. larvata ; ♂ = 2.7-2.8 in  T. tricolor , 3.1-3.2 in  T. larvata ).  T. tricolor can be further differentiated from  T. trimaculata by having longer genital field (♀ = 187.5-210 in  T. tricolor , 157.5-185 in  T. trimaculata ; ♂ = 145-170 in  T. tricolor , 120-140 in  T. trimaculata ) and a slightly more elongate rostrum (length/width ♀ = 2.14-2.39 in  T. tricolor , 1.91-2.1 in  T. trimaculata ; ♂ = 2.37-2.5 in  T. tricolor , 2.05-2.22 in  T. trimaculata ).  T. tricolor can be further differentiated from  T. unimaculata by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (♀ = 3.0-3.11 in  T. tricolor , 3.2-3.4 in  T. unimaculata ; ♂ = 2.69-2.8 in  T. tricolor , 2.9-3.11 in  T. unimaculata ) and shorter medial suture in females (15-22.5 in  T. tricolor , 40-47.5 in  T. unimaculata ).  T. tricolor can be further differentiated from  T. cardia by having a rounder dorsum (length/width = 1.2-1.38 in  T. tricolor , 1.39-1.54 in  T. cardia ) and longer pedipalpal genua (75-83 in  T. tricolor , 60-70 in  T. cardia ).  T. tricolor can be further differentiated from  T. kringi by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.14-2.50 in  T. tricolor , 2.67-3.13 in  T. kringi ).  T. tricolor can be differentiated from  T. mohawk by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width ♀ = 2.14-2.39 in  T. tricolor , 1.80-2.00 in  T. mohawk ; ♂ = 2.37-2.50 in  T. tricolor , 2.00-2.13 in  T. mohawk ). </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 253) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-660 (640) long; 435-520 (520) wide) circular to ellipsoid with reddish-purple or bluish-purple to navy blue coloration in two large posterior spots and a smaller anterior spot all merged together, often with orange between the posterior spots. Anterio-medial platelets (120-137.5 (137.5) long; 62.5-70 (70) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (175-207.5 (192.5) long; 72.5-95 (95) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 usually closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars, occasionally halfway between the dorsum edge and muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 295-375 (325)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.23-1.38 (1.23); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.60 (1.60); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.92-2.00 (1.96); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.03-2.55 (2.03); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.58 (1.40).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (247.5-295 (247.5) long (ventral); 197.5-226 (197.5) long (dorsal); 105-122.5 (112.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5-125 (107.5) long; 45-52.5 (45) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (254-290 (260) long) with curved fangs (42-56 (52.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.20-2.62 (2.20); rostrum length/width 2.37-2.50 (2.39). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-45 (37.5) long); femur (95-110 (95) long); genu (70-80 (75) long); tibia (76.25-90 (76.25) long; 28.75-32.5 (28.75) wide); tarsus (22.5-27.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.27-1.45 (1.27); tibia/femur 0.80-0.86 (0.80); tibia length/width 2.65-2.80 (2.65).</p>
            <p>Venter - (720-804 (790) long; 448-660 (660) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (110-145 (126.25) long; 75-97.5 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (105-137.5 (105) long). Genital plates (145-170 (157.5) long; 107.5-115 (107.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (271-290.5 (280) long (total); 139-163 (150) long (medial)); Cx-3 (316-401 (382.5) wide); anterior venter (255-297.5 (262.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.33-1.61 (1.49); anterior venter/genital field length 1.67-1.92 (1.67); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.37-2.77 (2.44); anterior venter/medial suture 2.16-2.50 (2.50).</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 254) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (600-755 (610) long; 470-575 (510) wide) circular to ellipsoid with reddish-purple or bluish-purple to navy blue coloration in two large posterior spots and a smaller anterior spot all merged together, often with orange between the posterior spots. Anterio-medial platelets (135-148.75 (137.5) long; 66.25-75 (70) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-207.5 (195) long; 82.5-100 (100) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 usually closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars, occasionally halfway between the dorsum edge and muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-410 (320)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.35 (1.20); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.36-1.59 (1.59); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.93-2.20 (1.96); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 1.95-2.52 (1.95); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.46 (1.42).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285-330 (285) long (ventral); 210-251 (210) long (dorsal); 132.5-142.5 (132.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (112.5-137.5 (112.5) long; 52.5-57.5 (52.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (300-332 (300) long) with curved fangs (49-63 (52.5) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.15-2.42 (2.15); rostrum length/width 2.14-2.39 (2.14). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-47.5 (42.5) long); femur (107.5-120 (107.5) long); genu (75-82.5 (75) long); tibia (90-105 (90) long; 30-33.75 (30) wide); tarsus (22.5-27.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.41-1.48 (1.43); tibia/femur 0.84-0.89 (0.84); tibia length/width 3.00-3.11 (3.00).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-890 (740) long; 561-665 (665) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (145-165 (145) long; 91.25-102.5 (91.25) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (15-22.5 (20) long). Genital plates (187.5-210 (187.5) long; 155-171.25 (167.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (265-311 (265) long (total); 125-151.75 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (375-433 (375) wide); anterior venter (152.5-192.5 (152.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.53-1.70 (1.59); anterior venter/genital field length 0.81-0.95 (0.81); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.91-1.18 (0.91); anterior venter/medial suture 7.63-11.83 (7.63).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Although Habeeb (1957) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  tricolor ), it surely refers to his comment on the dorsal coloration, "color black with some red and white" (tres, L. three; color, L. color). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Northeastern and southward throughout the Appalachians (Figure 252).  T. tricolor was previously known only from northern New Jersey. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tricolor group with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 2.4% different in COI sequence from each other. This within-species sequence variability is higher than in many species hypotheses presented herein. However, given the topology in the COI tree (Figure 14) and morphological similarity, it seems apparent that the variability represents a continuum across a large distribution, rather than isolated species. In all analyses,  T. tricolor group with two other species which also have dorsal spots:  T. trimaculata and  T. unimaculata . This clade represents some of the most distinctive of all  Torrenticola . This species is greater than 7% different in COI from sister species. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64D9C6D4DDE6A3C99C38384FD4C395C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
1E6A2697BD3ACBE651EDE5DCD05E03AF.text	1E6A2697BD3ACBE651EDE5DCD05E03AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola trimaculata Fisher 2015	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola trimaculata Fisher, 2015</p>
            <p> Torrenticola trimaculata Fisher et al. (2015): 71, 89. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): USA, Arkansas, Madison County, Withrow Springs State Park, War Eagle Creek (36°8'59.3"N, 93°44'26.94"W), 27 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110034.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (49 ♀; 37 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Madison County, Withrow Springs State Park, War Eagle Creek (36°8'59.3"N, 93°44'26.94"W), 27 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110034  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Madison County, Withrow Springs State Park, War Eagle Creek (36°8'59.3"N, 93°44'26.94"W), 27 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110034  • 1 ♀ from Marion County, Crooked Creek ex. Northern hogsucker (  Hypentelium nigricans ) (36°15'9.9"N, 94°26'25.8"W), 22 Jul 2014, by CT McAllister  • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita River (34°34'53.20"N, 93°53'0.16"W), 5 Oct 2007, by AJ Radwell, &amp; HW Robison, AJR070300A  • 8 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork of Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by AJ Radwell, &amp; B Crump, AJR110302  • 2♀ and 1 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita River, 27 Aug 2011, by AJ Radwell, AJR110307  • 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork of Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110040  • 1 ♀ from Montgomery County, Caddo River, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037  • 1 ♂ from Newton County, Ozark National Forest, Mill Creek (36°3'42.12"N, 93°8'7.62"W), 20 Jun 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0620-010  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Newton County, Ozark National Forest, Little Buffalo River, 2 Sep 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0902-003  • 1 ♂ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Whiteley Creek (35°59'28.14"N, 93°23'57.24"W), 23 May 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0523-002  • Illinois, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Union County, Clear Creek (37°33'N, 89°23'W), 13 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910036A  • Indiana, USA: 1 ♀ from Wayne County (39°51'13"N, 85°8'4"W), 24 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-001  • Georgia, USA: 1 ♀ from Chattooga County, Johns Creek (34°34'N, 80°5'W), 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076  • Kentucky, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from McCreary County, Rock Creek (36°42'N, 84°36'W), 8 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900082B  • Michigan, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Barry County, Thornapple River (42°39'N, 85°17'W), 29 Jul 1959, by DR Cook, DRC590034  • Missouri, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029  • New York, USA: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from St. Lawrence County, Canton (44°35'N, 75°10'W), 15 May 1986, by BP Smith, BPS860508  • 1 ♀ from USA, New York, Delaware Co., Roscoe (41°55'N, 74°54'W), 11 June 1988, by PW Schefter and R MacCulloch, IMS880110  • Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ from Victoria County, Baddeck River (44°52'N, 61°5'W), 18 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810082  • Ontario, Canada: 4 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Grey County, Saugeen River (44°10'N, 80°49'W), 9 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890028A  • 1 ♀ from Madoc (44°30'N, 77°28'W), 4 May 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800003A  • 1 ♂ from Renfrew County, Madawaska River (45°21'N, 76°40'W), 25 May 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800012  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lanark County, Mississippi River (45°3'N, 76°23'W), 6 Oct 1983, by IM Smith and CJ Hill, IMS830093A  • Texas, USA: 1 ♀ from Gillespie County, Fredericksburg, Pedernales River (30°14'42"N, 98°54'50"W), 30 May 1998, by IM Smith, IMS980029  • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Scott County, North Fork of Holston River (36°39'N, 82°28'W), 7 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS0900080  • 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Alleghany County, Potts Creek (37°44'N, 80°2'W), 13 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900091B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bath County, Jackson River (38°8'N, 79°46'W), 16 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900100  • West Virginia, USA: 2 ♀ from Pendleton County, North Fork of South Branch of Potomac River (39°0'N, 79°22'W), 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900104. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (44 ♀; 32 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola trimaculata are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. trimaculata can be differentiated from all  Torrenticola , including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern. Individuals are reported in two distinct morphs primarily based upon ventral coloration.  T. trimaculata are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (  T. larvata ,  T. unimaculata ,  T. tricolor ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi , and  T. mohawk ).  T. trimaculata can be further differentiated from  T. larvata by being rounder (dorsum length/width = 1.2-1.37 in  T. trimaculata , 1.41-1.57 in  T. larvata ); Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.49-1.69 in  T. trimaculata , 1.18-1.35 in  T. larvata ); and a stockier rostrum (length/width = 1.91-2.22 in  T. trimaculata , 2.32-2.53 in  T. larvata ).  T. trimaculata can be further differentiated from T  tricolor by having shorter genital field (♀ = 157.5-185 in  T. trimaculata , 187.5-210 in  T. tricolor ; ♂ = 120-140 in  T. trimaculata , 145-170 in  T. tricolor ) and a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.91-2.1 in  T. trimaculata , 2.14-2.39 in  T. tricolor ; ♂ = 2.05-2.22 in  T. trimaculata , 2.37-2.5 in  T. tricolor ).  T. trimaculata can be further differentiated from  T. unimaculata by Dgl-4 closer to the muscles scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.49-1.69 in  T. trimaculata , 1.23-1.41 in  T. unimaculata ) and females with shorter medial suture (♀ = 17.5-27.5 in  T. trimaculata , 40-47.5 in  T. unimaculata ).  T. trimaculata can be further differentiated from  T. cardia by having Dgl-4 further from the edge of the dorsum (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.5-1.7 in  T. trimaculata , 1.15-1.4 in  T. cardia ) and having a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.191-2.10 in  T. trimaculata , 2.24-2.50 in  T. cardia ; ♂ = 2.05-2.22 in  T. trimaculata , 2.27-2.47 in  T. cardia ).  T. trimaculata can be differentiated from  T. kringi by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 1.9-2.3 in  T. trimaculata , 2.6-3.2 in  T. kringi ).  T. trimaculata can be differentiated from  T. mohawk by having a shorter anterior venter (♀ = 157-180 in  T. trimaculata , 187-200 in  T. mohawk , ♂ = 230-260 in  T. trimaculata , 290-308 in  T. mohawk ). Additionally, female  T. trimaculata can be differentiated from female  T. mohawk by having longer pedipalpal tibiae (♀ = 90-97 in  T. trimaculata , 77-88 in  T. mohawk ). </p>
            <p>Re-description</p>
            <p>(amended from Fisher et al. 2015). Female (Figure 256) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (570-725 (725) long; 455-550 (550) wide) circular to ellipsoid with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration in three distinct spots, one anteriorly and two posteriorly, and orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-145 (145) long; 60-72.5 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-180 (180) long; 80-85 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 295-335 (325)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.32 (1.32); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.49-1.69 1.69); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.93-2.19 (2.15); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.00-2.19 (2.18); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.23-1.30 (1.24).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-280 (280) long (ventral); 202-252 (210) long (dorsal); 115-135 (130) tall) colorless or with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Rostrum (97.5-110 (107.5) long; 47.5-55 (52.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (261-326 (270) long) with curved fangs (48-62 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.04-2.17 (2.15); rostrum length/width 1.91-2.10 (2.05). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (97.5-107.5 (103.75) long); genu (65-77.5 (70) long); tibia (90-96.25 (92.5) long; 27.5-30 (27.5) wide); tarsus (22.5-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.39-1.50 (1.48); tibia/femur 0.88-0.92 (0.89); tibia length/width 3.17-3.36 (3.36).</p>
            <p>Venter - (615-840 (840) long; 533-700 (700) wide) colorless or with variable amount of bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (130-145 (130) long; 80-90 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5-27.5 (20) long). Genital plates (157.5-185 (180) long; 152.5-185 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (258-306.75 (260) long (total); 109-154 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (328-390 (390) wide); anterior venter (157.5-180 (180) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-1.75 (1.63); anterior venter/genital field length 0.90-1.03 (1.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00-1.14 (1.14); anterior venter/medial suture 6.09-9.29 (9.00).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 257) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (530-595 (595) long; 390-440 (435) wide) circular to ellipsoid with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration in three distinct spots, one anteriorly and two posteriorly, and orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5-130 (120) long; 55-67.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (70-87.5 (75) long; 70-87.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 250-285 (270)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.37 (1.37); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.51-1.61 (1.61); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.92-2.00 (1.92); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 1.91-2.23 (2.23); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.46 (1.40).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (207.5-242.5 (230) long (ventral); 175-215 (194.75) long (dorsal); 92.5-112.5 (102.5) tall) colorless or with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Rostrum (87.5-100 (93.75) long; 40-47.5 (42.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (232-286 (251) long) with curved fangs (40-53 (49) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.16-2.43 (2.24); rostrum length/width 2.05-2.22 (2.21). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-40 (32.5) long); femur (85-95 (93.75) long); genu (60-70 (65) long); tibia (75-82.5 (75) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.34-1.44 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.80-0.88 (0.80); tibia length/width 2.73-3.00 (2.73).</p>
            <p>Venter - (588-719 (715) long; 431-571 (568) wide) colorless or with variable amount of bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (82.5-112.5 (102.5) long; 62.5-77.5 (77.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (87.5-105 (105) long). Genital plates (120-140 (127.5) long; 92.5-105 (95) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (216-297 (261) long (total); 130-168 (152) long (medial)); Cx-3 (287-372 (349) wide); anterior venter (230-260 (255) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.32-1.55 (1.32); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-2.04 (2.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 92.5-105 (95); anterior venter/medial suture 2.43-2.63 (2.43).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Fisher et al. (2015) named the specific epithet (  trimaculata ) in reference to the dorsal coloration of three dark spots (tres, L. three; macula, L. spot). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern North America (Figure 255).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola trimaculata group with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support in all analyses. All specimens of this species are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other and are greater than 7% from sister species. In all analyses,  T. trimaculata groups with two other species which also have dorsal spots:  T. tricolor and  T. unimaculata . This clade represents some of the most distinctive of all  Torrenticola . </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Fisher et al. (2015) reported two color morphs based primarily upon presence of ventral coloration. Morph I, with a dark venter, was only known from the Interior Highlands and all eastern specimens were reported as Morph II, with a colorless venter. However, we examined additional specimens from across eastern North America and found colored individuals mixed within samples of uncolored individuals. We remain unsure what controls color in  Torrenticola , but with several other species exhibiting great color variation (e.g.,  T. tricolor ,  T. gorti ), we do not consider it useful to continue with the  “morph” concept in this species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E6A2697BD3ACBE651EDE5DCD05E03AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
6D98F30878C979E4CBA327D09CC84276.text	6D98F30878C979E4CBA327D09CC84276.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola tysoni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola tysoni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Alabama, Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121, DNA 2871.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (6 ♀; 5 ♂): Alabama, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121, DNA 2870  • 1 ♀ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'32"N, 87°49'43"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100163  • 1 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace Parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'31"N, 87°49'41"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162  • Tennessee, USA: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Wayne County, Glenrock Branch Creek (35°15'50"N, 87°37'34"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090124. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (4 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tysoni are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. ululata ,  T. whitneyae ,  T. microbiscutella , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east. It is one of only four Eastern 2-Plates that have dark, bold, bluish-purple coloration (also  T. biscutella ,  T. sellersorum , and  T. pendula ).  T. tysoni can be further differentiated from other Eastern 2-Plates by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = ♀ = 3.06-3.31 in  T. tysoni , 2.33-3.0 in others; ♂ = 3.14-3.50 in  T. tysoni , 2.50-3.05 in others), except  T. feminellai (3.05-3.38) and female  T. pendula (3.0-3.06).  T. tysoni can be differentiated from  T. feminellai and  T. pendula by dorsal coloration and pattern. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 259) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (610-670 (670) long; 450-475 (475) wide) ovoid with bold bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-137.5 (135) long; 42.5-52.5 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-175 (172.5) long; 55-67.5 (67.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-330 (330)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.41 (1.41); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38-1.44 (1.44); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.50-3.18 (2.57); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.56-3.18 (2.56); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.18-1.40 (1.28).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-327.5 (327.5) long (ventral); 230-245 (245) long (dorsal); 130-135 (135) tall) mostly colorless. Rostrum (125-132.5 (130) long; 40-42.5 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (315-380 (350) long) with curved fangs (57.5-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.46 (2.43); rostrum length/width 3.06-3.31 (3.06). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-47.5 (45) long); femur (112.5-120 (120) long); genu (62.5-70 (70) long); tibia (80-90 (87.5) long; 22.5-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-22.5 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.61-1.80 (1.71); tibia/femur 0.70-0.80 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.50-3.67 (3.50).</p>
            <p>Venter - (715-790 (790) long; 505-560 (540) wide) with bold bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (162.5-172.5 (172.5) long; 72.5-100 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (13.75-22.5 (22.5) long). Genital plates (175-185 (180) long; 152.5-155 (155) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-315 (310) long (total); 115-145 (140) long (medial)); Cx-3 (310-350 (335) wide); anterior venter (150-172.5 (172.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.65-2.24 (2.03); anterior venter/genital field length 0.81-0.99 (0.96); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.97-1.11 (1.11); anterior venter/medial suture 7.67-11.27 (7.67).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 260) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (430-485 (460) long; 310-340 (320) wide) ovoid with bold bluish-purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, and with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (97.5-127.5 (127.5) long; 35-40 (40) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (127.5-137.5 (127.5) long; 42.5-50 (47.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 235-245 (240)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.39-1.48 (1.44); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.32-1.39 (1.33); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.60-3.19 (3.19); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.65-3.00 (2.68); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.00-1.31 (1.00).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-265 (250) long (ventral); 192.5-200 (195) long (dorsal); 77.5-95 (90) tall) mostly colorless. Rostrum (100-110 (100) long; 30-35 (30) wide). Chelicerae (237.5-260 (250) long) with curved fangs (45-47.5 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.76-3.23 (2.78); rostrum length/width 3.14-3.50 (3.33). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (33.75-48.75 (37.5) long); femur (87.5-97.5 (92.5) long); genu (52.5-62.5 (57.5) long); tibia (67.5-75 (75) long; 20-21.25 (21.25) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.56-1.68 (1.61); tibia/femur 0.72-0.81 (0.81); tibia length/width 3.18-3.63 (3.53).</p>
            <p>Venter- (540-585 (560) long; 350-410 (360) wide) with bold bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (110-122.5 (112.5) long; 62.5-67.5 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (85-115 (85) long). Genital plates (110-117.5 (110) long; 87.5-92.5 (92.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-250 (240) long (total); 115-127.5 (122.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (250-290 (265) wide); anterior venter (227.5-250 (232.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.69-1.85 (1.80); anterior venter/genital field length 1.98-2.13 (2.11); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.51-2.86 (2.51); anterior venter/medial suture 2.17-2.74 (2.74).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  tysoni ) named in honor of Neil Degrasse Tyson for his efforts in popularizing cosmology and science in general with Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey (2014), which was a worthy update to Carl  Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage (1980). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from several localities along Natchez Trace Parkway (Figure 258).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola tysoni groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support. Specimens of this species from Tennessee and Alabama are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other and the specimen from Arkansas is less than 2% different from those. This species is greater than 10% different from sister species. </p>
            <p> In all analyses,  T. tysoni groups with two other species (  T. sellersorum and  T. pendula ) as a paraphyletic grade at the base of the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. Based upon overall similarity, lateral platelets fused with the dorsal shield, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D98F30878C979E4CBA327D09CC84276	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
9AD2717BE6A0510B9D37D2D78E2FF3FA.text	9AD2717BE6A0510B9D37D2D78E2FF3FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola ululata Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola ululata Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Mississippi, Attala County, Hurricane Creek (33°4'N, 89°32'W), 13 Oct 1999, by IM Smith, IMS990071.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (2 ♀; 4 ♂): Alabama, USA: 1 ♀ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'32"N, 87°49'43"W), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090122  • 2 ♂ from Lauderdale County, off Natchez Trace parkway, 7 km south of Tennessee state line (34°56'32"N, 87°49'43"W), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100163  • Mississippi, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Attala County, Hurricane Creek (33°4'58"N, 89°31'31"W), 30 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100168  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Attala County, Hurricane Creek (33°4'58"N, 89°31'31"W), 30 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100168. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (1 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ululata are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. whitneyae ,  T. microbiscutella , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, and being distributed in the east.  T. ululata can be differentiated from most  Torrenticola , including other Eastern 2-Plates, by having a distinct dorsal pattern with a single dark spot posteriorly and an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. The only other species with this pattern is  T. unimaculata and  T. kringi , which both have anterio-lateral platelets free from the dorsal plate. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 262) (n = 3) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-580 (570) long; 400-450 (450) wide) circular or occasionally ovoid with coloration restricted to a single dark spot anteriorly, often with an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. Anterio-medial platelets (130-137.5 (130) long; 50-55 (55) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (150-180 (150) long; 72.5-77.5 (72.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 265-295 (265)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.27-1.41 (1.27); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.36-1.70 (1.70); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.36-2.70 (2.36); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.07-2.32 (2.07); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.15-1.31 (1.15).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (290-305 (290) long (ventral); 216-235 (216) long (dorsal); 130-140 (130) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-125 (125) long; 42.5-45 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (289-317 (289) long) with curved fangs (59-64 (64) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.18-2.23 (2.23); rostrum length/width 2.78-2.94 (2.94). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (42.5-45 (45) long); femur (117.5-122.5 (117.5) long); genu (67.5-75 (67.5) long); tibia (97.5-105 (97.5) long; 21.25-25 (21.25) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.63-1.74 (1.74); tibia/femur 0.83-0.86 (0.83); tibia length/width 4.20-4.59 (4.59).</p>
            <p>Venter - (595-670 (670) long; 517-540 (518) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (152.5-160 (152.5) long; 85-102.5 (85) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (15-15 (15) long). Genital plates (155-170 (155) long; 147.5-157.5 (147.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (276-282 (281) long (total); 115-126 (120) long (medial)); Cx-3 (357-382 (358) wide); anterior venter 155-160 (160) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.56-1.79 (1.79); anterior venter/genital field length 0.93-1.03 (1.03); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.98-1.08 (1.08); anterior venter/medial suture 10.33-10.67 (10.67).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 263) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (460-510 (500) long; 355-380 (380) wide) circular or occasionally ovoid with coloration restricted to a single dark spot anteriorly, often with an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5-117.5 (110) long; 42.5-50 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (145-155 (155) long; 55-60 (60) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 235-250 (250)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.38 (1.32); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.45-1.57 (1.52); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.26-2.59 (2.59); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.52-2.77 (2.58); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.32-1.41 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (227.5-255 (247.5) long (ventral); 165-190 (176) long (dorsal); 90-100 (100) tall) colorless. Rostrum (90-102.5 (100) long; 32.5-38.75 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (225-254 (225) long) with curved fangs (34-49 (46) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.48-2.55 (2.48); rostrum length/width 2.61-2.77 (2.67). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-40 long); femur (92.5-100 (100) long); genu (57.5-65 (60) long); tibia (77.5-92.5 (85) long; 20-22.5 (20) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.54-1.67 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.84-0.93 (0.85); tibia length/width 3.88-4.25 (4.25).</p>
            <p>Venter - (580-620 (580) long; 425-487 (426) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (110-125 (110) long; 67.5-75 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (80-100 (100) long). Genital plates (117.5-122.5 (120) long; 102.5-110 (107.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (246-257 (257) long (total); 124-129 (125) long (medial)); Cx-3 (283-326 (290) wide); anterior venter (220-257.5 (252.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.63-1.67 (1.63); anterior venter/genital field length 1.87-2.17 (2.10); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.05-2.49 (2.35); anterior venter/medial suture 2.53-3.19 (2.53).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  ululata ) refers to the dorsal coloration resembling a wailing mouth, where the dark anterior spot is the oral cavity and the posterior red spot is the tongue (ululatus, L. shriek, wail). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southeastern, Mississippi and Alabama (Figure 261).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ululata groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support. The two specimens included in our molecular analyses were less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other and 11-12% different from sister species. </p>
            <p>Based upon overall similarity, lateral platelets fused with the dorsal shield, and distribution, we were able to place this species within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group.</p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AD2717BE6A0510B9D37D2D78E2FF3FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
168752C31C3173F94C72299940881BBD.text	168752C31C3173F94C72299940881BBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola unimaculata Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola unimaculata Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, New Brunswick, York County, SW Mirimachi River, beside Highway 107 between Napdogan and Juniper, 21 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120036, DNA 3010.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (7 ♀; 7 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Montgomery County, Caddo Gap, access track off Manfred Road, 0.3 km west of Route 8, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037  • 4 ♀ from Montgomery County, Gaston, South Fork of Ouachita River, access off County Road 17 at Forest Road 903, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110040  • 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita River, Pine Ridge, 5 Oct 2007, by AJ Radwell, &amp; HW Robison, AJR070300A  • 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork of Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by AJ Radwell, &amp; B Crump, AJR110302  • New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from York County, SW Mirimachi River, beside Highway 107 between Napdogan and Juniper, 21 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120036, DNA 3011  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, SW Mirimachi River, beside Highway 107 between Napdogan and Juniper, 21 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120036. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (4 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (3 ♀; 3 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola unimaculata are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (  T. bittikoferae ,  T. hoosieri ,  T. larvata ,  T. pearsoni ,  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi ,  T. dimorpha , and  T. mohawk ) in having a short, conical rostrum.  T. unimaculata can be differentiated from most  Torrenticola , including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern of a large anterior dorsal spot. The only other species with this pattern is  T. ululata , which, like all  Rusetria 2-Plates, have anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate and  T. kringi , which has a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 1.9-2.2 in  T. unimaculata , 2.6-3.2 in  T. kringi ).  T. unimaculata are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (  T. larvata ,  T. tricolor ,  T. trimaculata ,  T. cardia ,  T. kringi , and  T. mohawk ). Female  T. unimaculata can be further differentiated from these members of the complex by having a longer medial suture (♀ = 40-47.5 in  T. unimaculata , 15-35 in others), except  T. cardia (25-50) and  T. mohawk (30-45). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 265) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (650-730 (720) long; 490-600 (600) wide) ovoid with coloration restricted to a single dark spot anteriorly (occasionally extending medially), with an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. Anterio-medial platelets (127.5-145 (140) long; 62.5-70 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-200 (200) long; 72.5-80 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 350-425 (425)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.39 (1.20); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.34-1.41 (1.41); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.89-2.08 (2.07); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.29-2.57 (2.50); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.44 (1.43).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (242.5-265 (265) long (ventral); 176.25-194 (190) long (dorsal); 110-125 (125) tall) colorless. Rostrum (85-100 (92.5) long; 42.5-47.5 (47.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (236-252 (250) long) with curved fangs (51-61.5 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.12-2.26 (2.12); rostrum length/width 1.89-2.18 (1.95). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (91.25-100 (100) long); genu (62.5-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (80-87.5 (87.5) long; 25-26.25 (26.25) wide); tarsus (20-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.46-1.52 (1.48); tibia/femur 0.81-0.93 (0.88); tibia length/width 3.20-3.40 (3.33).</p>
            <p>Venter - (700-860 (860) long; 539-630 (630) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (110-140 (140) long; 75-87.5 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (40-47.5 (40) long). Genital plates (180-210 (210) long; 152.5-170 (170) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (243-290 (290) long (total); 128-162 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (358-426 (390) wide); anterior venter (182.5-205 (195) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.40-1.75 (1.75); anterior venter/genital field length 0.93-1.14 (0.93); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.15-1.30 (1.15); anterior venter/medial suture 4.06-4.88 (4.88).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 266) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum- (525-690 (690) long; 400-520 (520) wide) ovoid with coloration restricted to a single dark spot anteriorly (occasionally extending medially), with an orange spot posterior to the dark spot. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-137.5 (137.5) long; 57.5-72.5 (72.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (160-205 (205) long; 65-82.5 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 320-405 (405)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.43 (1.33); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.23-1.28 (1.28); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.90-2.09 (1.90); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.28-2.54 (2.48); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.35-1.43 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (212.5-255 (255) long (ventral); 155-185 (185) long (dorsal); 90-110 (110) tall) colorless. Rostrum (80-95 (95) long; 37.5-48.75 (48.75) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (195-235 (235) long) with curved fangs (42-55 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.32-2.42 (2.32); rostrum length/width 1.95-2.2 (1.95). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-40 (40) long); femur (80-97.5 (97.5) long); genu (55-67.5 (67.5) long); tibia (70-80 (80) long; 22.5-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.39-1.48 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.82-0.91 (0.82); tibia length/width 2.90-3.11 (2.91).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-800 (800) long; 448-570 (570) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (97.5-132.5 (132.5) long; 62.5-77.5 (72.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (107.5-125 (125) long). Genital plates (130-161.25 (161.25) long; 92.5-112.5 (112.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (218-338 (290) long (total); 109-165 (165) long (medial)); Cx-3 (218-338 (290) wide); anterior venter (265-300 (300) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.44-1.83 (1.83); anterior venter/genital field length 1.86-2.13 (1.86); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.67-2.92 (2.67); anterior venter/medial suture 2.30-2.49 (2.40).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  unimaculata ) named for the single dark dorsal spot of this species (unus, L. one; macula, L. spot). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Arkansas and New Brunswick (Figure 264).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola unimaculata groups with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support and specimens of this species are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,  T. unimaculata groups with two other species which also have dorsal spots:  T. trimaculata and  T. tricolor . This clade represents some of the most distinctive of all  Torrenticola . This species is greater than 7% different in COI from sister species. </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/168752C31C3173F94C72299940881BBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
30FC6CADDB0A532821ACECCC8922F976.text	30FC6CADDB0A532821ACECCC8922F976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola ventura Habeeb 1973	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola ventura Habeeb, 1973</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ventura Habeeb, 1973: 1. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>LECTOTYPE (1 ♀): from USA, California, Ventura County, Upper Ojai, Sisar Canyon, 4 Nov 1973, by H Habeeb, HH730009.</p>
            <p> PARALECTOTYPES (1 ♀; 2 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Ventura County, Upper Ojai, Sisar Canyon, 4 Nov 1973, by H Habeeb, HH730009  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ventura County, Upper Ojai, Sisar Canyon, 4 Nov 1973, by H Habeeb, HH730009. </p>
            <p> OTHER MATERIAL (30 ♀; 37 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Alpine County, Markleeville Creek (38°41'39"N, 119°46'41"W), 30 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0830-001  • 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Humboldt County, Honeydew, Mattole River, beside road to Bull Creek on east side of bridge, 8 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870135A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Los Angeles County, Azusa, San Gabriel Canyon, East Fork of San Gabriel River at East Fork Station, 24 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870108  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Mariposa County, El Portal, Indian Flat campground, Merced River, 9-10 Jun 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760087  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Mendocino County, Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, North Fork of Navarro River, beside Route 128, 4 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A  • 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Mendocino County, Rancheria Creek, beside Route 128, 7.3 kilometers south of Boonville, 4 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870126A  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Monterey County, Big Sur River, beside Route 1 near Pfeiffer-Big Sur State Park, 28-29 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870116A  • 1 ♀ from Plumas County, Plumas National Forest, Silver Creek (39°56'60"N, 121°2'17"W), 24 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0824-005  • 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Wilson Creek (40°25'17"N, 123°3'5"W), 20 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0820-003  • 1 ♂ from Trinity County, small cascading trickle beside Route 36, 5.2 kilometers west of Forest Glen Station, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870132  • 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Trinity County, South Fork of Trinity River, beside Route 36 at Forest Glen campground, 6 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870131  • 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Trinity County, Trinity River, beside Route 299, 8.7 kilometers northwest of Del Loma, 9 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870137A  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Trinity County, Weaver Creek, beside Route 299, 4.3 kilometers north of Route 3 West, 9 Aug 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870138A &amp; IMS870138B  • 1 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River, beside Route 33 just above Wheeler Gorge, 25-26 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870109A &amp; IMS870109B  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River, beside Route 33, 9.8 kilometers north of Ojai, 25 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870110  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ventura County, Ojai, North Fork of Ventura River just below Wheeler Gorge campground, beside Route 33, 27 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870112  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Ventura County, Sespe Creek at Middle Lion campground, off Road 6N31, 26 Jul 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870111A  • 1 ♀ from Yuba County, Tahoe National Forest, Oregon Creek (39°23'50"N, 121°4'54"W), 25 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0825-006  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Coos County, Gaylord, Coquille Myrtle Grove State Park, Coquille River, 2 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830014  • 1 ♀ from Curry County, Quosatana Creek (42°29'21"N, 124°14'2"W), 14 Aug 2013, JR Fisher, JRF 13-0814-003  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Curry County, Sixes, Sixes River, beside road at mouth of Edson Creek, 4 Jul 1983, by IM Smith, IMS830021A. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Types (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola ventura is unlike all other western species by having the following combination of characters: anterio-lateral platelets free (fused to dorsal plate in  Rusetria Complex); dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (restricted posteriorly in  T. tahoei ,  T. oregonensis ,  T. raptoroides , and  T. sharkeyi , without pattern in  T. regalis , colorless in  T. occidentalis , Rala Group,  T. wiedenmanni ); ellipsoid body (circular in  T. sierrensis and  T. raptoroides , rectangular in  T. ellipsoidalis ); unmodified rostrum (short and conical in  T. olliei ,  T. sierrensis ,  T. ellipsoidalis and  T. leviathan ); tuberculate ventral extensions on pedipalp genua (flanged in Miniforma group); and smaller body size than  T. multiforma (dorsum length ♀ = 650-780 in  T. ventura , 765-885 in  T. multiforma ; ♂ = 540-630 in  T. ventura , 725-850 in  T. multiforma ).  T. ventura are most similar to members of the Neoanomala Group, which are eastern. </p>
            <p>Re-description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 268) (n = 7) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (650-780 long; 470-550 wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration (often faint) separated into anterior and posterior portions with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (145-152.5 long; 57.5-62.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195-227.5 long; 67.5-80 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 355-400). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.34-1.46; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.42; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.32-2.65; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.70-3.03; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28-1.57.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (350-397.5 long (ventral); 267-297 long (dorsal); 147.5-167.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (137.5-155 long; 50-60 wide). Chelicerae (375-415 long) with curved fangs (63-80 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.47; rostrum length/width 2.58-2.95. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-60 long); femur (125-143.75 long); genu (75-82.5 long); tibia (92.5-102.5 long; 25-28.75 wide); tarsus (17.5-25 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.67-1.80; tibia/femur 0.71-0.75; tibia length/width 3.36-3.73.</p>
            <p>Venter - (740-910 long; 550-667 wide) often with faint bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (175-202.5 long; 87.5-122.5 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (22.5-30 long). Genital plates (170-200 long; 167.5-182.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (322-365 long (total); 137-173 long (medial)); Cx-3 (22.5-30 wide); anterior venter 197.5-220 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-2.25; anterior venter/genital field length 1.05-1.16; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.08-1.22; anterior venter/medial suture 7.18-8.78.</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 269) (n = 7) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-630 long; 370-430 wide) ovoid with bluish-purple coloration (often faint) separated into anterior and posterior portions with orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (105-135 long; 47.5-55 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (172.5-197.5 long; 60-62.5 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-315). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.53; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.38; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.21-2.63; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.76-3.16; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.64.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (300-332.5 long (ventral); 221.05-247.5 long (dorsal); 106.25-122.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-135 long; 42.5-47.5 wide). Chelicerae (289-340 long) with curved fangs (56-65 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.65-2.93; rostrum length/width 2.67-3.06. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-45 long); femur (106.25-117.5 long); genu (65-72.5 long); tibia (81.25-91.25 long; 23.75-27.5 wide); tarsus (15-21.25 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.62-1.70; tibia/femur 0.74-0.81; tibia length/width 3.32-3.42.</p>
            <p>Venter - (650-785 long; 436-500 wide) often with faint bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (122.5-162.5 long; 78.75-85 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (97.5-125 long). Genital plates (122.5-142.5 long; 100-112.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (263.5-325 long (total); 155-164 long (medial)); Cx-3 (319-357.5 wide); anterior venter (265-305 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.53-1.97; anterior venter/genital field length 2.02-2.25; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.55-2.81; anterior venter/medial suture 2.36-2.72.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Although Habeeb (1973) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet (  ventura ), it surely refers to the type locality-Ventura River in Ventura County, California. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> California and southwest Oregon (Figure 267).  T. ventura was previously known only from Ventura County in southwestern California; we extend the range northward. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Our analyses were unable to confidently place  Torrenticola ventura phylogenetically. Both analyses place this species at the base of the Raptor Complex, but this relationship was not well-supported. Because of this ambiguity, we refrain from placing this species in a species complex. Furthermore, because of the unique morphology, we are also unable to place this species within an identification group. </p>
            <p>All specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence and are greater than 15% different from sister species. This species hypothesis is supported by biogeography, low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30FC6CADDB0A532821ACECCC8922F976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
5940735C225768EBAA430E10F1F1140A.text	5940735C225768EBAA430E10F1F1140A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola walteri Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola walteri Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from Canada, British Columbia, Ryan Rest Area off Hwy 3, East of Yahk Moyie River, 15 Aug 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120071, DNA 2955.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (12 ♀; 4 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from El Dorado County, Upper Truckee River (38°50'56"N, 120°1'39"W), 29 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0829-003  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ El Dorado County, Upper Truckee River (38°50'56"N, 120°1'39"W), 29 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0829-004  • 2 ♀ from Mono County, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, West Walker River (38°21'59"N, 119°28'55"W), 31 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0831-003  • 2 ♀ from Nevada County, Tahoe National Forest, Sagehen Creek (39°26'2"N, 120°12'17"W), 26 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0826-006  • Oregon, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Douglas County, Umpqua NF, Umpqua River (43°17'28"N, 122°37'12"W), 12 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0812-006  • 1 ♀ from Coos County, Middle Fork of Coquille River (43°1'56"N, 124°6'1"W), 12 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0812-001  • 2 ♀ from Douglas County, Umpqua NF, Umpqua River (43°17'28"N, 122°37'12"W), 12 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0812-006  • 2 ♀ from Lane County, Gate Creek (44°8'48"N, 122°34'20"W), 11 Aug 2013, by JC  O’Neill , &amp; WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (8 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola walteri are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Western 2-Plates" group (  T. mulleni ,  T. nortoni , and  T. welbourni ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having faint dorsal coloration, and being distributed in the west. Female  T. walteri can be differentiated from  T. welbourni (female only known) by having stockier pedipalp tibiae (3.09-3.23 in A32, 3.73 in A30); shorter pedipalp femora (112.5-125 in A32, 137.5 in A30); and a more elongate subcapitulum (ventral length/height: 2.21-2.34 in A32, 2.47 in A30).  T. walteri can be differentiated from  T. mulleni by having a slightly stockier gnathosomal bay (♀ = 1.57-1.84 in  T. walteri , 1.89-2.16 in  T. mulleni , ♂ = 1.55-1.73 in  T. walteri , 1.77-1.93 in  T. mulleni ) and by being distributed in California, Oregon and British Columbia, instead of in the Rocky Mountains (Idaho, Montana, Utah and Wyoming). Additionally, male  T. walteri can be differentiated from male  T. mulleni by having a shorter genital field (115-117.5 in A32, 130-140 in A31), and female  T. walteri can be differentiated from female  T. mulleni by having a shorter medial suture (10-12.5 in  T. walteri , 20-22.5 in  T. mulleni ). Female  T. walteri can be differentiated from female  T. nortoni by having slightly shorter pedipalp femora with respect to genua (1.52-1.64 in  T. walteri , 1.69-1.82 in  T. nortoni ) and slightly stockier anterio-medial platelets (2.58-2.72 in  T. walteri , 2.74-3.06 in  T. nortoni ). Male  T. walteri can be differentiated from male  T. nortoni by having longer pedipalp femora (95-100 in  T. walteri , 85-92.5 in  T. nortoni ) and slightly more elongate pedipalp tibiae (3.05-3.10 in  T. walteri , 2.73-3.0 in  T. nortoni ). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 271) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (580-640 (590) long; 420-450 (420) wide) ovoid with orange coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, occasionally faint. Anterio-medial platelets (120-137.5 (120) long; 45-51.25 (45) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (157.5-190 (157.5) long; 55-65 (55) wide) fused with dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 300-325 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.44 (1.40); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.37-1.45 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.58-2.72 (2.67); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.63-3.27 (2.86); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.46 (1.31).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-335 (317.5) long (ventral); 223-243 (224) long (dorsal); 135-147.5 (137.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (122.5-127.5 (123.75) long; 45-50 (47.5) wide). Chelicerae (304-328 (304) long) with curved fangs (55.75-64 (63) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.21-2.34 (2.31); rostrum length/width 2.45-2.72 (2.61). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-52.5 (50) long); femur (112.5-125 (115) long); genu (70-82.5 (70) long); tibia (85-88.75 (88.75) long; 27.5-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.52-1.64 (1.64); tibia/femur 0.70-0.77 (0.77); tibia length/width 3.09-3.23 (3.23).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-730 (725) long; 467-520 (467) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (141.25-175 (157.5) long; 86.25-95 (86.25) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-12.5 (10) long). Genital plates (185-197.5 (197.5) long; 158.75-181.25 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250-300 (285) long (total); 102-127 (119) long (medial)); Cx-3 (313-362 (313) wide); anterior venter (140-158.75 (150) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.57-1.84 (1.83); anterior venter/genital field length 0.75-0.86 (0.76); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.83-0.96 (0.83); anterior venter/medial suture 11.20-15.88 (15.00).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 272) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (490-510 (510) long; 340-350 (350) wide) ovoid with orange coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions, occasionally faint. Anterio-medial platelets (105-115 (115) long; 40-42.5 (42.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (125-142.5 (142.5) long; 47.5-52.5 (52.5) wide) fused with dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-270 (270)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.46 (1.46); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.30-1.33 (1.30); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.63-2.71 (2.71); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.63-2.71 (2.71); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19-1.36 (1.24).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (265-270 (270) long (ventral); 179-202.5 (195) long (dorsal); 93.75-105 (95) tall) colorless. Rostrum (100-102.5 (102.5) long; 37.5-38.75 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (240-265 (265) long) with curved fangs (38-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.52-2.85 (2.84); rostrum length/width 2.65-2.73 (2.73). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (35-40 (35) long); femur (95-100 (100) long); genu (57.5-60 (57.5) long); tibia (72.5-77.5 (72.5) long; 23.75-25 (23.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.65-1.74 (1.74); tibia/femur 0.73-0.82 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.05-3.10 (3.05).</p>
            <p>Venter - (590-625 (625) long; 387.5-410 (410) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (112.5-127.5 (127.5) long; 72.5-78.75 (73.75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (85-107.5 (107.5) long). Genital plates (115-117.5 (116.25) long; 95-98.75 (95) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (255-273 (270) long (total); 136-157 (150) long (medial)); Cx-3 (253-316 (285) wide); anterior venter (245-262.5 (262.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.55-1.73 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 2.12-2.26 (2.26); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.48-2.76 (2.76); anterior venter/medial suture 2.44-2.88 (2.44).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  walteri ) named in honor of acarologist Dave Walter for solidifying  JRF’s interest in mites with his popular book on mites (Mites: Ecology, Evolution &amp; Behaviour - Life at a Microscale) and by teaching JRF the mesostigmatan mite section of the Acarology Summer Program at The Ohio State University in 2009. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Probably throughout the Pacific Coastal Ranges of California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia (Figure 270). We also collected  T. walteri in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, indicating this species might occur in the northern Rockies of Canada. However, given our sampling effort in the Rockies, we doubt the occurrence of this species in most of the US Rockies. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola walteri groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other. In the all analyses,  T. walteri groups with the three other members of the  Rusetria Complex that are found in western North America:  T. mulleni ,  T. nortoni , and  T. welbourni . These species are 5-7% different in COI sequence from each other and together make up the Western 2-Plate Identification Group.  Torrenticola walteri is one of three of these that occur in California (including  T. nortoni and  T. welbourni ). </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5940735C225768EBAA430E10F1F1140A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
696CA3E68C0B6764D210754A81AC8C09.text	696CA3E68C0B6764D210754A81AC8C09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola welbourni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola welbourni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Wilson Creek (40°25'17"N, 123°3'5"W), 20 Aug 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF 13-0820-003, DNA 1638.</p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀) deposited in the CNC.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola welbourni are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Western 2-Plates" group (  T. mulleni ,  T. nortoni , and  T. walteri ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having faint dorsal coloration, and being distributed in the west.  T. welbourni (only female known) can be differentiated from all other Western 2-plates by being larger (dorsal length: 690 in  T. welbourni , 570-645 in others; dorsal width: 500 in  T. welbourni , 415-480 in others), having more elongate pedipalp tibiae (length/width: 3.73 in  T. welbourni , 3.0-3.33 in others) and longer pedipalp femora (137.5 in A30, 112.5-125 in others). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 274) (n = 1) (holotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (690 long; 500 wide) ovoid with faint orange coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (152.5 long; 57.5 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (195 long; 72.5 wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4/dorsal width 325). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38; dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 1.54; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.65; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.69; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.28.</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (357.5 long (ventral); 270 long (dorsal); 145 tall) colorless. Rostrum (145 long; 52.5 wide). Chelicerae (356 long) with curved fangs (70 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.47; rostrum length/width 2.76. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50 long); femur (137.5 long); genu (75 long); tibia (102.5 long; 27.5 wide); tarsus (20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.83; tibia/femur 0.75; tibia length/width 3.73.</p>
            <p>Venter - (820 long; 580.25 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (180 long; 100 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (12.5 long). Genital plates (180 long; 167.5 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (324 long (total); 122 long (medial)); Cx-3 (371 wide); anterior venter (177.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.80; anterior venter/genital field length 0.99; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.06; anterior venter/medial suture 14.20.</p>
            <p>Male unknown.</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  welbourni ) named in honor of acarologist Cal Welbourn, who has been instrumental in teaching terrestrial  Parasitengona to JRF and for teaching JRF the prostigmatan mite section of the Acarology Summer Program at The Ohio State University in 2009. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Only known from Trinity County, California (Figure 273).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola welbourni groups with other members of the  Rusetria Complex with high support. Unfortunately, only a single specimen is known of this species, so variation in COI sequence could not be investigated. This specimen was collected from the sample that contained specimens of  T. walteri . It is interesting to note that these two species are the only  Rusetria Complex members collected from Trinity County. In the all analyses,  T. welbourni groups with the three other members of the  Rusetria Complex that are found in western North America:  T. mulleni ,  T. nortoni , and  T. walteri . These species are 5-7% different in COI sequence from each other and together make up the Western 2-Plate Identification Group.  Torrenticola welbourni is one of three of these that occur in California (including  T. nortoni and  T. walteri ). </p>
            <p>This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/696CA3E68C0B6764D210754A81AC8C09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
EB1E1CB7A89BA2DDB9255A631ED5F87A.text	EB1E1CB7A89BA2DDB9255A631ED5F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola whitneyae Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola whitneyae Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, North Carolina, Yancey County, Lost Cove Picnic Area beside Forest Road 472, 2.8 km west of Rt. 80, (35°45'45"N, 82°12'12"W), 12 September 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050074</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (4 ♀; 3 ♂): North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Cataloochee; beside Mt. Sterling Rd. near bridge 1.7 km n. of road to Campground, (35°38'38"N, 83°4'4"W), 6 September 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090099  • 2 ♀ from Swain County, Great Smokey Mountain National Park, Deep Creek upstream of picnic area, (35°27'27"N, 83°26'26"W), 14 September 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090007A  • 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Yancey County, Lost Cove Picnic Area beside Forest Road 472, 2.8 km west of Rt. 80, (35°45'45"N, 82°12'12"W), 12 September 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050074  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Yancey County, Lost Cove Picnic Area beside Forest Road 472, 2.8 km west of Rt. 80, (35°45'45"N, 82°12'12"W), 12 September 2005, by IM Smith, IMS050074. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola whitneyae are similar to other members of the  Rusetria "Eastern 2-Plates" group (  T. biscutella ,  T. caerulea ,  T. delicatexa ,  T. indistincta ,  T. malarkeyorum ,  T. pendula ,  T. sellersorum ,  T. tysoni ,  T. ululata ,  T. microbiscutella , and  T. feminellai ) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except  T. ululata and  T. indistincta ), and being distributed in the east.  T. whitneyae is most similar to  T. pendula , which also has purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions and often connected by a stripe medially.  T. whitneyae is best differentiated from  T. pendula by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.41-2.69 in  T. whitneyae , 2.87-3.06 in  T. pendula ).  T. whitneyae can be differentiated from  T. ululata ,  T. indistincta , and  T. feminellai by dorsal coloration and pattern.  T. whitneyae can be differentiated from all other Eastern 2-Plates by having stockier pedipalpal tibiae (♀ = 2.42-2.95 in  T. whitneyae , 3.00-4.59 in others; ♂ = 2.48-2.70 in  T. whitneyae , 2.78-4.25 in others), except female  T. delicatexa (♀ = 2.92-3.61).  T. whitneyae can be differentiated from  T. delicatexa by having a slightly rounder dorsum (length/width ♀ = 1.26-1.38 in  T. whitneyae , 1.38-1.44 in  T. delicatexa ; ♂ = 1.35-1.37 in  T. whitneyae , 1.44-1.56 in  T. delicatexa ) and by dorsal coloration. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 276) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (550-690 (630) long; 400-520 (500) wide) ovoid with reddish-purple coloration both anteriorly and posteriorly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (120-163.75 (142.5) long; 41.25-52.5 (52.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-220 (200)) long; 65-85 (85) wide) partially fused, at least posteriorly, to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 310-385 (370)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.26-1.38 (1.26); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.29-1.37 (1.35); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.71-3.12 (2.71); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.35-2.84 (2.35); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.32-1.42 (1.40).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (310-385 (362.5) long (ventral); 237.5-285 (270) long (dorsal); 145-185 (177.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-140 (135) long; 47.5-55 (55) wide). Chelicerae (310-415 (395) long) with curved fangs (65-80 (75) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 1.95-2.14 (2.04); rostrum length/width 2.41-2.63 (2.45). Pedipalps stocky with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50-56.25 (55) long); femur (67.5-80 (75) long); genu (67.5-80 (75) long); tibia (72.5-80 (80) long; 26.25-30 (28.75) wide); tarsus (17.5-20 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.59-1.71 (1.63); tibia/femur 0.59-0.68 (0.65); tibia length/width 2.42-2.95 (2.78).</p>
            <p>Venter - (630-810 (780) long; 470-630 (590) wide) with faint reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (175-222.5 (210) long; 80-105 (105) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture absent. Genital plates (185-195 (187.5) long; 165-195 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-360 (350) long (total); 110-140 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (320-435 (405) wide); anterior venter (110-145 (140) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00-2.59 (2.00); anterior venter/genital field length 0.59-0.75 (0.75); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.67-0.80 (0.78).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 277) (n = 3) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (540-560 (540) long; 395-410 (395) wide) ovoid with reddish-purple coloration both anteriorly and posteriorly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (122.5-135 (135) long; 45-50 (50) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-170 (170) long; 60-67.5 (60) wide) partially fused, at least posteriorly, to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 290-310 (295)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.37 (1.37); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.32-1.38 (1.34); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.55-2.72 (2.70); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.52-2.83 (2.83); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.26-1.39 (1.26).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (290-305 (300) long (ventral); 220-225 (222.5) long (dorsal); 120-135 (135) tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5-112.5 (112.5) long; 40-42.5 (42.5) wide). Chelicerae (310-310 (310) long) with curved fangs (60-60 (60) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.22-2.42 (2.22); rostrum length/width 2.65-2.69 (2.65). Pedipalps stocky with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (97.5-100 (97.5) long); genu (62.5-62.5 (62.5) long); tibia (65-67.5 (67.5) long; 25-26.25 (25) wide); tarsus (16.25-17.5 (16.25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.56-1.60 (1.56); tibia/femur 0.65-0.69 (0.69); tibia length/width 2.48-2.70 (2.70).</p>
            <p>Venter - (640-680 (640) long; 440-495 (495) wide) with faint reddish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (170-175 (170) long; 70-75 (70) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (55-75 (55) long). Genital plates (140-150 (140) long; 130-140 (130) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-300 (300) long (total); 110-135 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (325-360 (360) wide); anterior venter (195-210 (200) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.33-2.50 (2.43); anterior venter/genital field length 1.37-1.43 (1.43); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.50-1.54 (1.54); anterior venter/medial suture 2.60-3.64 (3.64).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  whitneyae ) named in honor of Whitney Nelson, one of two students (including JRF) of APGD studying water mite taxonomy for their doctoral studies. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern Appalachians (Figure 275).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola whitneyae and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall similarity, distribution in the east, and fusion of the dorso-lateral platelets to the dorsal plate, are consistent with placing this species in the  Rusetria Complex and within the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB1E1CB7A89BA2DDB9255A631ED5F87A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
B7BEA7DC1B7120458394F3524C970360.text	B7BEA7DC1B7120458394F3524C970360.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Torrenticola wiedenmanni Fisher & Dowling	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Torrenticola wiedenmanni Fisher &amp; Dowling sp. n.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Monterey County, beside Rt. 1 south of Gorda, south side of Salmon Creek, (35°49'49"N, 121°22'22"W), 28 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870115.</p>
            <p> PARATYPES (5 ♀; 4 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Monterey County, beside Rt. 1 south of Gorda, south side of Salmon Creek, (35°49'49"N, 121°22'22"W), 28 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870115  • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from San Bernardino County, Claremont; Mount Baldy; beside road 3.5 km east of Mount Baldy Village, (34°15'15"N, 117°39'39"W), 24 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870107  • 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from San Bernardino County, Lytle Creek Recreation Area off Rt. 15 west of Devore; Applewhite Picnic Grounds, (34°16'16"N, 117°30'30"W), 23 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870103  • 1 ♀ from Tulare County, beside Rt. 180 at Stony Creek Picnic Area east of Sequoia National Park boundary, (36°40'40"N, 118°50'50"W), 1 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870124A  • 1 ♀ from Ventura County, Ojai; beside Rt. 33 just above Wheeler Gorge Campground, (34°31'31"N, 119°16'16"W), 25 July 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870109B. </p>
            <p>Type deposition.</p>
            <p>Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (3 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 1 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Torrenticola wiedenmanni is unlike all other western species by having this combination of characters: anterio-lateral platelets free (fused to dorsal plate in  Rusetria Complex); colorless (dorsum with distinct coloration in Tahoei group,  T. ventura , and  T. raptoroides ); distinct and complete hind coxal margins (incomplete in Rala Group, and  T. sharkeyi ); round body (rectangular or ovoid in Ellipsoidalis Group); unmodified rostrum (short and conical in  T. sierrensis ,  T. olliei ,  T. leviathan , and  T. ellipsoidalis ); and tuberculate ventral extensions on pedipalpal genua (dentate and flanged in Miniforma group). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Figure 279) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (560-640 (610) long; 445-540 (530) wide) circular and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (110-150 (135) long; 55-75 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (182.5-200 (190) long; 65-85 (80) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars and occasionally anterior to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 295-350 (315)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.15-1.26 (1.15); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.73 (1.68); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.11 (2.00); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.35-2.81 (2.38); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.31-1.66 (1.41).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (302.5-355 (352.5) long (ventral); 222.5-267.5 (260) long (dorsal); 110-130 (120) tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-142.5 (142.5) long; 37.5-42.5 (40) wide). Chelicerae (310-385 (385) long) with curved fangs (47.5-50 (50) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.73-2.94 (2.94); rostrum length/width 3.20-3.56 (3.56). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua, with femora sharply taper proximally and tibial setae near tarsi. Palpomeres: trochanter (30-38.75 (36.25) long); femur (90-107.5 (102.5) long); genu (65-75 (72.5) long); tibia (72.5-87.5 (87.5) long; 17.5-21.25 (21.25) wide); tarsus (13.75-17.5 (16.25) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.37-1.43 (1.41); tibia/femur 0.79-0.85 (0.85); tibia length/width 4.00-4.27 (4.12).</p>
            <p>Venter - (710-810 (780) long; 560-630 (615) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (132.5-160 (160) long; 62.5-65 (62.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (40-60 (40) long). Genital plates (172.5-187.5 (180) long; 150-165 (155) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-320 (320) long (total); 140-162.5 (162.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (330-385 (380) wide); anterior venter (200-235 (220) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.42-2.56 (2.56); anterior venter/genital field length 1.16-1.25 (1.22); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.32-1.42 (1.42); anterior venter/medial suture 3.92-5.50 (5.50).</p>
            <p>Male (Figure 280) (n = 4) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</p>
            <p>Dorsum - (560-610 (575) long; 470-515 (480) wide) circular and colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (130-140 (135) long; 62.5-70 (65) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (165-195 (180) long; 70-75 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approximately halfway between the edge of the dorsum and the muscle scars and occasionally anterior to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 285-315 (300)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.18-1.20 (1.20); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.54-1.67 (1.60); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.00-2.08 (2.08); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.20-2.60 (2.40); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.27-1.39 (1.33).</p>
            <p>Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (307.5-345 (325) long (ventral); 225-257.5 (240) long (dorsal); 107.5-117.5 (107.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-140 (130) long; 35-40 (37.5) wide). Chelicerae (335-357.5 (345) long) with curved fangs (45-50 (45) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.80-3.02 (3.02); rostrum length/width 3.33-3.57 (3.47). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua, femora sharply taper proximally and tibial setae near tarsi. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-35 (32.5) long); femur (90-100 (90) long); genu (65-72.5 (65) long); tibia (75-80 (75) long; 20-20 (20) wide); tarsus (13.75-15 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.36-1.38 (1.38); tibia/femur 0.80-0.89 (0.83); tibia length/width 3.75-4.00 (3.75).</p>
            <p>Venter - (690-755 (715) long; 465-590 (465) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (140-152.5 (145) long; 55-60 (60) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (70-85 (80) long). Genital plates (145-155 (150) long; 115-125 (117.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (280-300 (300) long (total); 140-160 (160) long (medial)); Cx-3 (335-370 (345) wide); anterior venter (230-262.5 (260) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.42-2.64 (2.42); anterior venter/genital field length 1.53-1.73 (1.73); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.92-2.21 (2.21); anterior venter/medial suture 3.09-3.29 (3.25).</p>
            <p>Immatures unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Specific epithet (  wiedenmanni ) named in honor of Rob Wiedenmann, Professor of Entomology at University of Arkansas, whose advice, guidance, and friendship to JRF was an inspiration in how to be a true mentor-lessons that JRF anticipates paying forward to his own students someday. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Southern California (Figure 278).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of  Torrenticola wiedenmanni and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses, but we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. However, due to its unique set of characteristics, we are unable to place this species into a species complex or an identification group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7BEA7DC1B7120458394F3524C970360	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fisher, J. Ray;Fisher, Danielle M.;Skvarla, Michael J.;Nelson, Whitney A.;Dowling, Ashley P. G.	Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A., Dowling, Ashley P. G. (2017): Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. ZooKeys 701: 1-496, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261
