identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4ECF44E3A4DF5783BEB7FDD32BDA0971.text	4ECF44E3A4DF5783BEB7FDD32BDA0971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penicillium buranakarlianum Supapongsri, Sahathippayakul & Lueangjaroenkit 2025	<div><p>Penicillium buranakarlianum Supapongsri, Sahathippayakul &amp; Lueangjaroenkit sp. nov.</p><p>Remark.</p><p>In: subgenus Aspergilloides, section Lanata-Divaricata series Buranakarliana .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “buranakarlianum” is named in honour of Associate Professor Dr. Lerluck (Buranakarl) Chitadon, a senior faculty member of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. She served as the academic advisor for Assistant Professor Dr. Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit from his undergraduate through to doctoral studies. Her guidance, knowledge, and unwavering support profoundly shaped his academic journey and she continues to encourage and inspire the authors.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Thailand • Chanthaburi Province, Mueang District, Nong Bua Sub-district, Ban Samet Ngam, King Rama IX International Mangrove Botanical Garden; isolated from mangrove sediment during the rainy season, 11 June 2023, V. Supapongsri, A. Sahathippayakul &amp; P. Lueangjaroenkit; holotype, TBRC 18803, isotype NBRC 116999, ex-type living culture, DMKU-RS 5 M 3, metabolically inactive culture preserved state, TBRC 18803 and NBRC 116999. GenBank accession numbers. ITS: LC 796823; TUB: LC 871416; CaM: LC 871417; RPB 2: LC 871418 .</p><p>Colony diam.</p><p>(in mm) 7 days, 25 ° C: CYA 40-46, MEA 48-54, CY 20 S 41-46, CYAS 16-18, CZ 23-26, OA 43-47, CREA 33-35 and PDA 40-50. 7 days, 30 ° C: CYA 40-46. 7 days, 37 ° C: CYA no growth.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CYA at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly umbonate with undulate margins; mycelium yellowish white (4 A 2) at the centre and white (1 A 1) toward the margins, velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia absent; exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 8 A). On MEA at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly umbonate with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia abundant, white (1 A 1); exudate hyaline; no soluble pigments produced; reverse champagne (4 A 4) (Fig. 8 B). On CY 20 S at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 8 C). On CYAS at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised with filiform margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 8 D). On CZ at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were umbonate with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2) (Fig. 8 E). On OA at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were plain with entire margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), granular in texture; sporulation absent to very sparse; sclerotia abundant, white (1 A 1); exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse white (1 A 1) (Fig. 8 F). On CREA at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies showed poor growth; no acid production observed (Fig. 8 G). On PDA at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly umbonate with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), granular in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia abundant, white (1 A 1); exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (3 A 3) at the centre, white (1 A 1) at the margins (Fig. 8 H). On CYA at 30 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly umbonate with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 8 I). On CYA at 37 ° C after 7 days, no growth were observed (Fig. 8 J). Asexual spores were rarely observed, while abundant sclerotia were produced on PDA and MEA (Fig. 9 D, E).</p><p>Micromorphology.</p><p>Conidia and Conidiophores were rarely produced (Fig. 9 A – C). Abundant Sclerotia were produced (Fig. 9 D, E). Conidiophores were monoverticillate to diverticillate, hyaline, smooth-walled, measuring 8.0–93.5 × 2.5–5.0 µm. Phialides ampulliform, borne singly or in groups of up to four per conidiophore, smooth-walled, hyaline, measuring 8.0–19.0 × 3.0–5.0 µm. Conidia were subglobose to ovoid, measuring 3.0–6.0 × 2.5–5.0 µm. Under scanning electron microscopy, conidia appear with delicate surface ornamentation consisting of very short ridges (Fig. 9 F). Sexual morph was not observed.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Mangrove sediment; only known from Chanthaburi Province, Thailand.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Penicillium buranakarlianum is classified in section Lanata-Divaricata, series Janthinella . Phylogenetic analyses resolved it in a clade with P. ehrlichii (Stolk and Scott 1967), P. melanosporum, P. siccitolerans (Rodriguez-Andrade et al. 2021) and P. meloforme (Udagawa and Horie 1973) . However, sexual morphs (cleistothecia) are absent in P. buranakarlianum but present in P. ehrlichii and P. meloforme . Moreover P. melanosporum further differs by producing conidia that are olive-green to dark brown and enveloped by a dark brown sheath at maturity. Although both P. buranakarlianum and P. siccitolerans produce abundant sclerotia, the latter can grow at temperatures of up to 40 ° C, whereas P. buranakarlianum is unable to grow at 37 ° C.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4ECF44E3A4DF5783BEB7FDD32BDA0971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Supapongsri, Vassana;Sahathippayakul, Ananya;Sirisarn, Wanchat;Chand, Mohit;Chou, Jui-Yu;Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun	Supapongsri, Vassana, Sahathippayakul, Ananya, Sirisarn, Wanchat, Chand, Mohit, Chou, Jui-Yu, Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun (2025): Two new species of Penicillium (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) and the first record of P. danzhouense from mangrove sediment in Thailand, with notes on antibacterial activity. MycoKeys 126: 213-238, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.172211
1C8F373241435EFC9522E363C57095DA.text	1C8F373241435EFC9522E363C57095DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penicillium chanthaburiense Supapongsri, Sahathippayakul & Lueangjaroenkit 2025	<div><p>Penicillium chanthaburiense Supapongsri, Sahathippayakul &amp; Lueangjaroenkit sp. nov.</p><p>Remark.</p><p>In: subgenus Aspergilloides, section Exilicaulis series Erubescentia .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ chanthaburiense ” refers to the type locality, which is in Chanthaburi Province in Thailand.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Thailand • Chanthaburi Province, Mueang District, Nong Bua Subdistrict, Ban Samet Ngam, King Rama IX International Mangrove Botanical Garden; isolated from mangrove sediment during the dry season, 24 April 2023, V. Supapongsri, A. Sahathippayakul &amp; P. Lueangjaroenkit; holotype, TBRC 18801, isotype NBRC 116997, ex-type living culture, DMKU-SS 6 P 3, metabolically inactive culture preserved state, TBRC 18801 and NBRC 116997. GenBank accession numbers. ITS: LC 780059; TUB: LC 796777; CaM: LC 796778; RPB 2: LC 871398 .</p><p>Colony diam.</p><p>(in mm) 7 days, 25 ° C: CYA 19-20, MEA 22-25, CY 20 S 18-20, CYAS 15-16, CZ 13-16, OA 21-23, CREA 12-13 and PDA 23-26. 7 days, 30 ° C: CYA 19-21. 7 days, 37 ° C: CYA 12-14, MEA 14 days 36-42, CZ 14 days 24-28.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on CYA at 25 ° C were slightly raised after 7 days, radially sulcate; margins undulate; mycelium white (1 A 1); texture velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse coloration olive brown (4 D 8) at the centre, becoming dark brown (9 F 8) toward the margins (Fig. 4 A). Colonies on MEA at 25 ° C were slightly raised after 7 days, radially sulcate; margins undulate; mycelium greyish white (1 B 1); texture velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia absent; exudate hyaline; no soluble pigments produced; reverse chocolate brown (6 F 4) at the centre, light yellow (4 A 5) toward the margins (Fig. 4 B). Colonies on MEA at 25 ° C were slightly raised after 14 days, radially sulcate; margins undulate; mycelium greyish white (1 B 1); texture velvety; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en masse light grey (1 C 1); sclerotia absent; exudate mostly hyaline, occasionally pale red (12 A 5); no soluble pigments produced; reverse yellowish brown (5 F 8) at the centre, light yellow (4 A 5) toward the margins (Fig. 4 C). On CY 20 S after 7 days: colonies were slightly raised; margins undulate; mycelium greyish white (1 B 1); texture velvety to floccose; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) at the centre, olive brown (4 E 8) at the margins (Fig. 4 D). On CYAS after 7 days: colonies were flat, slightly raised at the centre; margins undulate; mycelium white (1 A 1); texture velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse champagne (4 A 4) (Fig. 4 E). On CZ after 7 days: colonies were slightly raised; margins undulate; mycelium white (1 A 1); texture velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse white (1 A 1) (Fig. 4 F). On CZ after 14 days: colonies were slightly raised; margins undulate; mycelium white (1 A 1); texture velvety; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en masse grey (3 B 1) to olive grey (3 D 2); sclerotia and exudate absent; reverse grey (3 B 1) (Fig. 4 G). On OA after 7 days: colonies were plane; margins undulate; mycelium white (1 A 1) at the centre, golden blonde (4 B 4) at the margins; texture felty; sporulation absent to very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse chamois (4 B 5) (Fig. 4 H). On CREA after 7 days: poor growth; acid production absent (Fig. 4 I). On PDA after 7 days: colonies were umbonate; margins undulate; mycelium pale yellow (4 A 3); texture velvety; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en masse grey (2 C 1); sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse olive brown (4 F 8) at the centre, greyish yellow (3 B 4) at the margins (Fig. 4 J). On CYA at 30 ° C after 7 days: colonies were slightly umbonate, radially sulcate; margins undulate; mycelium white (1 A 1); texture velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse butter yellow (4 A 5) (Fig. 4 K). On CYA at 37 ° C after 7 days: colonies were slightly raised; margins filiform; mycelium yellowish white (3 A 2); texture floccose; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2) (Fig. 4 L).</p><p>Micromorphology.</p><p>Conidiophores are monoverticillate, unbranched, smooth-walled, and hyaline, measuring 6.5–15.0 × 1.0–2.0 μm. Phialides are ampulliform, arising singly or in groups of up to six on each conidiophore, smooth-walled and hyaline, measuring 4.0–7.0 × 1.5–2.5 μm (Fig. 5 A – D). Conidia are globose measuring 2.0–3.0 μm in diameter. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conidia appear globose and distinctly spinose (Fig. 5 D, E). Sclerotia were not observed, and no sexual morph was present.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Mangrove sediment; only known from Chanthaburi Province, Thailand.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Penicillium chanthaburiense is assigned to section Exilicaulis, series Erubescentia . In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2), P. chanthaburiense forms a well-supported sister clade to P. dimorphosporum (Swart, 1970) . Despite their genetic proximity, the two species exhibit distinct morphological differences, particularly in colony characteristics. A key microscopic difference is the dimorphic conidia observed in P. dimorphosporum, while P. chanthaburiense consistently produced monomorphic conidia. On Czapek agar (CZ) after 14 days of incubation, P. dimorphosporum showed slower growth, reaching approximately 20 mm in diameter, whereas P. chanthaburiense attained 24–28 mm. The colony of P. dimorphosporum developed from white to pale greyish green, with a deep reddish-brown centre and white margin. In contrast, P. chanthaburiense displayed grey (3 B 1) to olive grey (3 D 2) mycelium at the centre with white (1 A 1) margins. Notably, P. dimorphosporum produced abundant pale pink exudate that intensified to deep red and secreted a deep reddish brown soluble pigment — features absent in P. chanthaburiense . The reverse colony colour also differed, being reddish brown in P. dimorphosporum and grey (3 B 1) in P. chanthaburiense . On malt extract agar (MEA), P. dimorphosporum exhibited colony development similar to that on CZ, including yellow-brown reverse coloration and exudate ranging from amber to pale pink. In contrast, P. chanthaburiense formed greyish white (1 B 1) mycelium, with hyaline to occasionally pale red (12 A 5) exudate, and a reverse colouration of centrally yellowish brown (5 F 8) surrounded by light yellow (4 A 5) at the margins. These morphological distinctions, together with phylogenetic evidence, support the recognition of P. chanthaburiense as a novel species within series Erubescentia . P. chanthaburiense showed the closest similarity to P. dimorphosporum NRRL 52071, differing by 11 nucleotide substitutions (2.1 %) in ITS, 9 substitutions (2.1 %) in TUB, 28 substitutions (4.0 %) in CaM, and 9 substitutions (1.0 %) in RPB 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C8F373241435EFC9522E363C57095DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Supapongsri, Vassana;Sahathippayakul, Ananya;Sirisarn, Wanchat;Chand, Mohit;Chou, Jui-Yu;Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun	Supapongsri, Vassana, Sahathippayakul, Ananya, Sirisarn, Wanchat, Chand, Mohit, Chou, Jui-Yu, Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun (2025): Two new species of Penicillium (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) and the first record of P. danzhouense from mangrove sediment in Thailand, with notes on antibacterial activity. MycoKeys 126: 213-238, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.172211
E540C371BC8A59CE9868E16C9CCA779A.text	E540C371BC8A59CE9868E16C9CCA779A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penicillium danzhouense C. Liu, Z. Q. Zeng & W. Y. Zhuang 2023	<div><p>Penicillium danzhouense C. Liu, Z. Q. Zeng &amp; W. Y. Zhuang, 2023</p><p>Remark.</p><p>In: subgenus Aspergilloides, section Exilicaulis series Erubescentia .</p><p>Colony diam.</p><p>(in mm) 7 days, 25 ° C: CYA 18-19, MEA 20-23, CY 20 S 15-17, CYAS 8-10, CZ 15-16, OA 19-20, CREA 16-17 and PDA 18-19. 7 days, 30 ° C: CYA 17-20. 7 days, 37 ° C: CYA 10-12.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On CYA at 25 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety in texture; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined sclerotia absent; exudate hyaline; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 6 A). On MEA after 7 days, colonies were crateriform with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), texture velvety; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en masse greyish white (2 B 1); sclerotia absent; exudate hyaline; no soluble pigments produced; reverse champagne (4 A 4) (Fig. 6 B). On CY 20 S after 7 days, colonies were crateriform with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia absent; exudate hyaline; no soluble pigments produced; reverse champagne (4 A 4) (Fig. 6 C). On CYAS after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 6 D). On CZ after 7 days, colonies were crateriform with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2) (Fig. 6 E). On OA after 7 days, colonies were plain with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), felty; sporulation absent to very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse white (1 A 1) (Fig. 6 F). On CREA after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; acid production absent; base production present (Fig. 6 G). On PDA after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sporulation moderately dense, conidia en masse greyish white (2 B 1); sclerotia absent; exudate hyaline; no soluble pigments produced; reverse yellowish white (2 A 2) (Fig. 6 H). On CYA at 30 ° C after 7 days, colonies were slightly raised, radially sulcate with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) (Fig. 6 I). On CYA at 37 ° C after 7 days, colonies were umbonate with undulate margins; mycelium white (1 A 1), velvety; sporulation absent to very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; sclerotia and exudate absent; no soluble pigments produced; reverse champagne (4 A 4) (Fig. 6 J).</p><p>Micromorphology.</p><p>Conidiophores monoverticillate, unbranched, smooth-walled, hyaline, measuring 7.0–24.0 × 1.0–2.0 µm (Fig. 7 A, B). Phialides ampulliform, occurring singly or in groups of up to seven per conidiophore, smooth-walled, hyaline, measuring 5.0–10.5 × 1.5–3.0 µm (Fig. 7 C). Conidia globose measuring 2.0–3.0 µm. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conidia appear globose and distinctly rugose (Fig. 7 D). Sclerotia not observed. Sexual morph absent.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Tidal flat sediment in Hainan Province, China in 2020 and Mangrove sediment in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand in 2023.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Penicillium danzhouense was isolated from Thailand and represents the first record of this species in the country, and only the second report worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis based on a multilocus dataset placed our isolates within the same clade as P. danzhouense CGMCC 3.25204, the ex-type strain (Fig. 2), with strong statistical support. The morphological characteristics of our isolates closely correspond to the description of P. danzhouense by Liu et al. (2023), particularly in conidial size (2–3 μm), colony colours on CYA, MEA and PDA (white), reverse colony colours (light yellow), and colony diameter on PDA, all of which fall within the known range of the species. The environmental conditions of the sampling sites were also comparable, as the species was previously reported from tidal flat sediment in China and is here isolated from mangrove sediment in Thailand.</p><p>However, minor morphological deviations were observed when compared with the holotype. The conidiophores of our isolates tend to be shorter (7–24 μm vs. 12–40 μm in the holotype), whereas the phialides are slightly larger (5–10.5 μm vs. 4.6–8.7 μm). The number of phialides per conidiophore also varied slightly (1–7 in our isolates vs. 2–5 in the holotype). Growth characteristics on different media additionally showed subtle differences: colonies on CYA grew more slowly than the holotype (18–19 mm vs. 21–24 mm), whereas growth on MEA (20–23 mm vs. 14–17 mm) and on CYA at 37 ° C (10–12 mm vs. 6–7 mm) was comparatively faster. Overall, the congruence of phylogenetic evidence and morphological similarity, with only minor intraspecific variations, supports the identification of these isolates as Penicillium danzhouense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E540C371BC8A59CE9868E16C9CCA779A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Supapongsri, Vassana;Sahathippayakul, Ananya;Sirisarn, Wanchat;Chand, Mohit;Chou, Jui-Yu;Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun	Supapongsri, Vassana, Sahathippayakul, Ananya, Sirisarn, Wanchat, Chand, Mohit, Chou, Jui-Yu, Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun (2025): Two new species of Penicillium (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) and the first record of P. danzhouense from mangrove sediment in Thailand, with notes on antibacterial activity. MycoKeys 126: 213-238, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.172211
