identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BC1DC803FFFCFFF0FFF1F917C9A6FF12.text	BC1DC803FFFCFFF0FFF1F917C9A6FF12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllepte Hubner 1823	<div><p>Syllepte Hübner, 1823</p><p>Syllepte Hübner, 1823: Zuträge Samml. exot. Schmett., 2: 18.</p><p>TS: Syllepte incomptalis Hübner, 1823,Zuträge Samml. exot.Schmett., 2: 18, pl. [50], figs 285, 286, by monotypy.</p><p>=Sylepta Hübner, [1825]: Verz. bekannter Schmett.: 336, misspelling (misspl).</p><p>=Syllepta Hübner,[1826]: Verz.bekannter Schmett.(Anz.):58, misspl.</p><p>= Pantographa Lederer, 1863, Wien ent. Monatschr. 7: 270. Syn. n.</p><p>Type-species (TS): Pionea scripturalis Guenée, 1854, Hist. nat. Insectes, 8: 373, by monotypy.</p><p>=Pantographis Lederer, 1863, Wien ent. Monatschr. 7: 270, incorrect original spelling.</p><p>= Micromartinia Amsel, 1957,Ent. Venez. 10 (3-4): [2], replacement name. Syn. n.</p><p>=Martinia Amsel, 1956, Bol. Ent. Venez. 10 (3): 198. Preoccupied. (M’Coy, 1844 [Brachiopoda]). Syn. n.</p><p>TS: Botys mnemusalis Walker, 1859,List Specimens of lepid.insects in the Colln Br. Mus. 18: 593, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis: Medium to large (Figs. 1-2 a-m): FW length 14-20 mm (32-45 mm wingspan). Labial palpi short, curved up to mid frons. Antenna short ciliated in males, filiform in females.Forewing (FW) apex angled or falcate, pale yellow, area distad of median line to termen, from dorsum to M 1, often fuscous; orbicular and reniform spots well marked; a dotted line distad of the postmedial band, half the way between this and termen. Hind wing (HW) often dusted with fuscous scales; orbicular spot present, often followed distad by a conspicuous whitish reniform dot; four dotted, partially interrupted, nearly parallel lines from near base to before termen.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 3-4): Uncus short, wide, apex round (Figs.3 a-h) or indented (Figs.3 i-m). Valva broad, tapering towards round apex, costa straight, ventral margin evenly round, sacculus ill-defined, fibula small, thin, sharp pointed, or a flat, small, subrectangular plate. Vinculum round, small, expanded basad as thin or long spine at middle. Phallus long, thin, nearly straight; vesica with or without long, sclerotized plate.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 5 l-q): Ostium bursae long, except for S. sororalis, narrow; ductus bursae long, almost as long as abdomen, straight, broadened slightly basad; corpus bursae oblong, signum a small, round, spiny plate.</p><p>Host plants: Known only for two species of the genus, all plants belong in the Malvaceae . Syllepte limata, popularly known in the USA as the Basswood (Tilia americana) leafroller moth was also reared on Ochroma pyramidale in Puerto Rico (Martorell, [1976]: 182). Syllepte confusalis was reared by the author from leafroller caterpillars feeding on Callianthe rufinervia (A.ST.-Hil.) in Brazil.</p><p>Distribution: New World, from Quebec, along eastern North America, to the Caribbean (S. limata), and all of them from Mexico to southern Brazil, where at least some of them are present. In VOB there is a series of 12 specimens of S. incomptalis (Fig. 1d) collected at the dry, semi-desertic areas of Mexico (Sonora, Colima, Puebla, Chiapas), and in the USNM a few from Mexico, and one from Costa Rica (as P. idmonalis Druce).</p><p>Remarks: The original figures in Hübner (1823: pl. [50], figs 285, 286), reproduced here (Figs. 1 a-b), are rather crude, as expected to be found in publications from the time. However, the patterns of both the dorsal and ventral sides, are sufficient to allow recognition. There are several species in the New World tropics that resemble S. incomptalis . However, as clearly shown in the original illustrations, S. incomptalis FW has a dotted line distad of the postmedial band, halfway between this and termen, and the HW presents four dotted lines, a unique combination of characters only present in this species. All the other species either do not have such a line, or this line is replaced by a broad, gray band along termen, and the HW usually has two lines -three in a few cases- but never four. As old specimens of pyraloids have been found in the NHMW, Vienna, that possibly includes Hübner material (Munroe, 1958: 298), it seems appropriate that a neotype should not be designated, as some relevant type specimen(s) might still turn up.</p><p>Munroe (1995: 59) listed nine species in Pantographa, including P. idmonalis Druce, syn. n., a junior synonym of S. incomptalis and Sylepta [sic] S. prorogata Hampson, 1912, syn. n. (Fig. 2o), a junior synonym of Haritalodes pharaxalis (Druce, 1895), comb. n. It is very likely that his decision was based on the characters of genitalia. To confirm this, the genitalia of all species (Figs. 3-4) were examined. As S. mnemusalis (Walker) (Figs. 3 q-r), the type species of Micromartinia Amsel, syn. n., resembles S. gorgonalis (Druce, 1895) (Fig. 1n), specimens of these were also dissected and the genitalia (Figs. 3 q-r) confirm their close relationship, making Micromartinia another junior synonym. The genitalia of some of the species listed by Munroe under Syllepte with a pattern that resembles that of species formerly listed under Pantographa, were also dissected, but none seems to be congeneric with S. incomptalis . Two specimens that look very similar to specimens of S. incomptalis, collected together with specimens of this species, are also described here as a new species, to avoid future confusion. Some of the species listed by Munroe under Syllepte as mispl.[aced] were also dissected and found not congeneric with S. incomptalis, i.e.: S. aechmisalis (Walker) (Figs. 2q, 4 s-t) [see Haritalodes remarks], S. amando (Cramer, 1779) (Figs. 2l, 4 g-h), S. angulifera (Druce, 1895) (Figs. 2i, 4 m-n), S. coelivitta (Walker, [1886]) (Figs. 2k, 4 o-p), S. dialis Schaus, 1912, [= S. strigicincta Hampson, 1912, syn. n.] (Figs.2 c-f, 4e-f), S. laticalis (Lederer, 1863) (Figs. 2g, 4 i-j), S. pactolalis (Guenée, 1854) (Figs. 2m, 4 q-r), and S. striginervalis (Guenée, 1854) (Figs. 2h, 4 m-n).</p><p>Considering that the main purpose of this work is to establish the identity of S. incomptalis, not a revision of the genus, the resulting new combinations and synonymies are only summarized below (see</p><p>Nomenclatural summary), and illustrations of the adults and genitalia are presented to allow their identification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC1DC803FFFCFFF0FFF1F917C9A6FF12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Becker, Vitor Osmar	Becker, Vitor Osmar (2023): The identity of Syllepte incomptalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) with synonymies, new combinations and new species. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20220093) 67 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0093, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2022-0093
BC1DC803FFF5FFFFFC9DFE03CD27FA6D.text	BC1DC803FFF5FFFFFC9DFE03CD27FA6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllepte fraternalis Becker 2023	<div><p>Syllepte fraternalis Becker, sp. n.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4763E9DE-2D77-4EBB-8446-BC6957D22E06</p><p>Figs. 1e, 3 c-d</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, MEXICO: Sonora, Yecora, 1650 m, 11-15.ix.1998, g. s. (Becker 115929); paratype: 1 ♂, same data as holotype, 5711 (VOB).</p><p>Diagnosis: Medium size; pattern strongly dusted fuscous; male genitalia with uncus long, with round apex.</p><p>Description: Male (Fig. 1e) 17 mm (37 mm wingspan). Labial palpus whitish ventrally, fuscous dorsally; frons pale-yellow, vertex fuscous. Thorax, dorsally, pale-yellow, patagia fuscous internally, tegula fuscous; whitish ventrally; fore and mid tibia fuscous on articulations. FW, dorsally, pale-yellow, strongly dusted fuscous, transversal bands, lines and veins, dark fuscous; pale-yellow blotch at end of cell, basad of well marked reniform spot; broad area before termen fuscous, termen and cilia dark fuscous; ventrally pale-yellow, basal and postmedial bands faded; reniform spot fuscous. HW fuscous; reniform spot inside pale-yellow blotch, pale-yellow area distad of postmedial band. Abdomen, dorsally, pale-yellow, slightly banded fuscous on articulations, whitish ventrally. Female unknown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs.3c): Uncus long, slightly narrow along middle, apex round. Valva broad, long, tappered at distal third, towards round apex, costa straight, ventral margin slightly bent at distal third, sacculus not defined. Vinculum elongated basad, round; fibula short, thin, sharp tipped, bent ventrad. Phallus (Fig.3d) long, thin, slightly sinuate, vesica with long, sclerotized, plate.</p><p>Distribution: Mexico, known from the type locality only.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin frater =brother; adjective neuter.</p><p>Remarks: Very similar to S. incomptalis both in size and pattern, except for ground color: pale yellow in S.incomptalis, dusted fuscous in S. fraternalis . Male genitalia also distinct, especially in the shape of uncus: tappering gradually distad in S. incomptalis (Fig. 3a); narrow, slightly constricted along middle in S. fraternalis (Fig. 3c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC1DC803FFF5FFFFFC9DFE03CD27FA6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Becker, Vitor Osmar	Becker, Vitor Osmar (2023): The identity of Syllepte incomptalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) with synonymies, new combinations and new species. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20220093) 67 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0093, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2022-0093
BC1DC803FFF5FFFEFC9DFA19CC6DFF13.text	BC1DC803FFF5FFFEFC9DFA19CC6DFF13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllepte confusalis Becker 2023	<div><p>Syllepte confusalis Becker, sp. n.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6999ECDE-880B-4343-A36B-E614C12224BD</p><p>Figs. 1j, 3 k-l, 5n</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, BRAZIL: São Paulo (SP), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.61&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.72" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.61/lat -22.72)">São José do Barreiro</a>, 1640 m, S 22,72°, W 44,61°, x.2021 (VOB 165009) ; Paratypes: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype, g. s. 5737 (VOB); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Paraná (PR): Curitiba, 920 m, 14.x.1974, 5.vi.1975, g. s. 5738 (Becker 8201, 8448) ; 1 ♂, Guaratuba, 1600 m, 5.viii.1975, g. s. 5725 (Becker 8233) ; 1 ♀, Quatro Barras, 800 m, 2.v.1970, ex Bakeridesia rufinervia (VOB 8446) ; Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 1 ♂, Nova Friburgo, 1100 m, 9.xi.1998 (Becker 117807) ; 2 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.75/lat -22.37)">Itatiaia</a>, 2000 m, S 22, 37°, W 44, 75°, 24-27.ix.2021, g. s. 5727, 5730 (Becker 164270) , 1♂, Teresópolis, Casa do Pesquisador, 22°27’17”S 42°59’50”W, 1134m, 13-16.VI.2021, C.C.D. Corrêa leg., MN-LEP 0002626, DNA-LAPEL 436 (MNRJ), 1♂, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Casa do Pesquisador, Casa do Pesquisador, 22°27’16”S 44°36’29”W, 807m, 07-08.IV.2021, T.Zacca leg., MN-LEP 0002247, DNA-LAPEL 245 (MNRJ),</p><p>1♂, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 910m, 23-27.X.2019, A. Soares, G. Marconato, M. A. Costa &amp; N. Tangerini leg., MN-LEP 0001448 (MNRJ) , 1♂, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 910m, 07-10.II.2019, A. Soares, G. Marconato, M.A.Costa &amp; N. Tangerini leg., MN-LEP 0001445 (MNRJ) ; SP, 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.521168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.521168/lat -22.766666)">Campos do Jordão</a>, 1600 m S 22º46’, W 45º31, 27.ii.2001 (Becker 131349) ; 1 ♂, Campos do Jordão, Parque Estadual Campos do Jordão, Alojamento, 1514m, 22°41’25”S 45°29’13”W, 05-06.X.2021, C. C. D. Corrêa leg., MN-LEP 0003497 (MNRJ) ; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.1/lat -23.333334)">São Luis do Paraitinga</a>, 900 m, S 23º20’, W 45º06’, 13-20.iii.2001, g. s. 5726 (Becker 132329) ; 1 ♂, Salesópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.866665/lat -23.633333)">Estação Biológica de Boracéia</a>, 900 m, S 23°38’, W45°52’, 1-4.iv.2022 (Becker 166180) ; 2 ♂♂, Minas Gerais (MG), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.68&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.68/lat -22.03)">Aiuruoca</a>, 1600 m, S 22,03°, W 44,68°, 24.i.2019, 4-9.x.2021 (Becker 157695, 165325) (VOB) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Large (Fig. 1j). Male FW length 17-19 mm (37-42 mm wingspan), female 16-18 mm (35-40 mm wingspan). Yellowish. Wings ornate with an intricate net of curved and lunulate lines; FW apex acute, a large fuscous patch beyond the median line to termen, from R4 to tornus; HW with a fuscous area at apex, distad of postmedial band, narrowing along termen to M3; an elongate, irregular fuscous band at middle, delimiting a yellowish orbicular. Male genitalia with uncus short, expanded distally forming lateral, broad triangles.</p><p>Description: Sexes similar. FW 17-19 mm (37-42 mm wingspan) (Fig. 1j). Head and thorax pale yellow. Labial palpi pale yellow, fuscous distally. Patagia with a fuscous line across middle; tegula with row of fuscous scales at base. Legs pale yellow; fore and mid coxae and femora fuscous, tarsi ringed fuscous. FW pale yellow, basal and antemedial bands curved, fuscous; antemedial band followed with three orbicular spots; reniform spot extending to near costa; large, fuscous patch beyond postmedial band, from R4 to tornus. HW with orbicular and reniform spots well defined; postmedial line double, forming lunules on vein interspaces; broad fuscous patch on apex, narrowing along termen towards M3; terminal line fuscous; internal margin white; cilia fuscous from apex to M3, pale yellow to tornus. Abdomen pale yellow, banded fuscous on articulations.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 3k): Uncus short, broad, with lateral triangular expansions; valva two times longer than wide, margins nearly parallel, costa straight, distal third of ventral margin round to acute apex; fibula a thin, sharp, bent hook. Juxta an elongate shield. Vinculum expanded basally, round. Phallus (Fig. 3l) straight, thin; vesica with an irregular, small plate.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 5n): Ostium bursae long, narrow; ductus bursae, long, almost as long as abdomen, straight, broadened slightly basad; corpus bursae oblong, signum a small, round, spined plate.</p><p>Distribution: Endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, at high elevations.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin confusion -onis =mixture, disorder; in reference to the confusion caused by the earlier workers misidentifications of P. scripturalis.</p><p>Remarks: A large species, the same size and externally almost identical to S. limata. Easily separated by their distribution: S. limata from North America to Ecuador, at high elevations; S. confusalis restricted to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Also by their male genitalia: inS. limata the uncus (Fig. 3i) is long, with the margins nearly parallel, and slightly concave at apex, whereas in S. confusalis (Fig.3k) the uncus is short, broadly expanded laterally into a triangular projection. This species has been misidentified as S.scripturalis by earlier workers, and under this name curated in all collections. S. scripturalis (Figs. 1 k-l) is a smaller [FW 12 mm; 27 mm wingspan], the same size and externally identical to S. suffusalis (Fig. 1m), if not the same species.As, unfortunately, no male ofS. scripturalis is available to allow comparing their genitalia, the two are retained as distinct. S. limata is treated as P.scripturalis, byAmsel (1956-1957: 129), a misidentification; the male genitalia (Pl. 81, fig. 8) martch those of other specimens from Mexico and Central America.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC1DC803FFF5FFFEFC9DFA19CC6DFF13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Becker, Vitor Osmar	Becker, Vitor Osmar (2023): The identity of Syllepte incomptalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) with synonymies, new combinations and new species. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20220093) 67 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0093, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2022-0093
BC1DC803FFF4FFFEFC83FEEFCC81FB74.text	BC1DC803FFF4FFFEFC83FEEFCC81FB74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syllepte sororalis Becker 2023	<div><p>Syllepte sororalis Becker, sp. n.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 24184935-DBD2-482B-944D-36729FF762EB</p><p>Figs. 2b, 4 c-d, 5q</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂, BRAZIL: Rondônia (RO), Cacaulândia, 140 m, xi.1991 (Becker 79657) ; Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, 1 ♀, same data as holotype, g. s. 5744 (VOB) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium size.FW length 12-15 mm (28-34 mm wingspan). Pale fuscous. FW 14-15 (32-34 mm wingspan), crossed with faint, curved lines; apex acute.</p><p>Description (Fig. 2b): Sexes similar.Male FW length 12 mm (28 mm wingspan); female 15 mm (34 mm wingspan). Pale fuscous. Labial palpi fuscous dorsally, white ventrally. Legs pale fuscous, white ventrally. FW dorsally with antemedial band, faint, curved; postmedial faint, curved from costa to M3, straigh to dorsum; reniform diffuse; cilia fuscous; pale fuscous underside. Abdomen whitish ventrally.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 4c): Uncus nearly as long as valva, slightly constricted along middle, apex round; valva three times as broad as long, margins nearly parallel, evenly curved dorsad; pair of long, curved. thin, sharp pointed fibulae. Juxta a small shield, forked as pair of thin, sharp pointed prongs posteriorly. Vinculum expanded basally, as long triangle.Phallus (Fig.4d) straight, short; vesica with a long, thin, twisted cornutus, almost as long as phallus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 5q): Ostium bursae short, narrow; antrum bulbose; ductus bursae very long, coiled; corpus bursae spherical, signum a large, spined plate.</p><p>Distribution: Known from the type-locality only.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin soror =sister, in reference to its similarity to S. belialis (Walker) .</p><p>Remarks: Very similar to S. belialis (Walker, 1864), both in size and shape, except for the ground color more yellowish. Externally almost identical to Patania surinamensis (Sepp, [1846]), from which it differes by the faded, almost absent markings on FW.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC1DC803FFF4FFFEFC83FEEFCC81FB74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Becker, Vitor Osmar	Becker, Vitor Osmar (2023): The identity of Syllepte incomptalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) with synonymies, new combinations and new species. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20220093) 67 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0093, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2022-0093
