identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BD7387D9FFCA5109FF07FD0BFDBCFB98.text	BD7387D9FFCA5109FF07FD0BFDBCFB98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus Hope 1838	<div><p>Craspedophorus Hope, 1838: 165; type species Carabus reflexus Fabricius, 1781: 302</p><p>Eudema Laporte de Castelnau, 1840: 137; type species Panagaeus regalis Gory, 1833: 213 (synonymized by Andrewes 1919: 128).</p><p>Isotarsus LaFerté-Sénectere, 1851: 217; type species Panagaeus regalis Gory, 1833: 213 (synonymised by P. Basilewsky 1953: 168).</p><p>Epicosmus Chaudoir, 1846: 512; type species Panagaeus tomentosus Vigors, 1825: 537 [= Craspedophorus angulatus (Fabricius, 1781)] (synonymised by P. Basilewsky 1953: 168).</p><p>Brachyonychus Chaudoir, 1878: 85; type species Epicosmus sublaevis Chaudoir, 1869: 67 (synonymised by W. Lorenz 1998: 300).</p><p>Acanthocosmus Jeannel, 1949: 855 (Subgenus); type species Eudema nigrita Künckel ďHerculais, 1891: Tab. 30 (synonymised by P. Basilewsky 1953: 171).</p><p>Brachycosmus Jeannel, 1949: 857 (Subgenus); type species Panagaeus festivus Klug, 1833: 128 (synonymised by P. Basilewsky 1953: 171).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFCA5109FF07FD0BFDBCFB98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFCA5108FF07FB12F840FCBA.text	BD7387D9FFCA5108FF07FB12F840FCBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus strachani (Hope 1842)	<div><p>Craspedophorus strachani species group (nov.)</p><p>(=see Chaudoir 1879: 91; Basilewsky 1987: 196-7)</p><p>As indicated before (Häckel 2016, 2017), species of C. strachani group were originally placed in the genus Craspedophorus by Chaudoir (1879: 91). This group also contains panagaeine species with paraglossae reaching in front of glossa and increasing slenderness and length of ligula, with protarsi equal in both sexes, and terminal palp article elongated, kidney-shaped. Species of the C. strachani group differ from those of the other groups, placed by Chaudoir in Craspedophorus, in metepisterna rhombic (short anteroposteriorly), ventrites mostly crenulated anteriorly, and antennae long, slender (not dilated). Pronotum differs from species to species, mostly being cordiform. Chaudoir figured these species close to beginning of his system; he listed six species there, as follows: C. tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850), C. westermanni (Laferté-Sénectere, 1850), C. grossus (Hope, 1842), C. ruficrus (Laferté-Sénectere, 1851), C. gabonicus Thomson, 1858, and C. lafertei Murray, 1857 . Chaudoir admits that suggested characteristics of the group can also apply for species previously referred by Hope (1842) as Panagaeus . According to Basilewsky (1987: 200), Chaudoir’s criteria for the C. strachani group could only be applied to three of Hope’s taxons: Craspedophorus grossus, C. klugii and C. strachani . According to the same criteria I decided to place within the group other species that were later described (apart from six taxons of Chaudoir’s and three others from Hope’s list): C. muata Harold, 1879, C. magnicollis Quedenfeldt 1883, and species described by other authors—Bates 1886 ( C. glaber), Kolbe 1889 ( C. congoanus), Duvivier 1891 ( C. milzi), Alluaud 1915 ( C. chevalieri, C. cuneatus, C. dicranothorax), Burgeon 1930 ( C. latipennis, C. simplicicollis) and Basilewsky’s species described in the years 1976 ( C. montivagus) and 1987 ( C. kaboboanus, C. paromius, C. phenax). I transferred to this group also C. latemaculatus Alluaud, 1930, incorrectly referred in my previous work within the C. reflexus group. Thus a numerous group of taxons arises (over 20 species described until now), with a diverse morphology. Following those corrections, I now place 22 valid species in this group (see catalogue at the end of discussion).</p><p>Characters. Relatively less homogeneous group of medium sized and larger species (15–24 mm). Body more or less convex. Mentum with large lobes and rounded external margins. Terminal palpomere in males elongated, kidney-shaped. Antennae long, slender, not dilated. Metepisterna rhombic, not longer than wide, ventrites crenulated anteriorly. Over 20 species are divisible on pronotal shape into two subgroups (a, b), each with dissimilar size.</p><p>a) strachani subgroup. Pronotum less transverse, almost cordiform, with distinctly sinuated lateral margins narrowed towards hind angles which are more closed, mostly rectangular, indentated (Plate 9, Fig. 72a), less often hind angles rounded, without indentation (Plate 9, Fig. 72b), pronotal base straight or slightly concave, without any peduncle—except for C. dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915) and C. dicranulothorax n. sp. with pronotal base pedunculated (Plate 9, Fig. 72c).</p><p>b) muata subgroup. Pronotum almost hexagonal, lateral margins rounded, narrowing straightly towards hind angles without sinuosity or slightly sinuated. Posterior angles more open, mostly rounded, pronotal base concave or straight, without pedunculation (Plate 9, Fig. 72d). The only exception is C. magnicollis (Quedenfeldt, 1883), with pronotum semicircular to cordiform and posterior angle slightly indentated (Plate 9, Fig. 72e). This group contains species with elytra coloured, each elytron with two yellow large maculae, as well as species with strongly reduced maculae or species with preapical macula absent.</p><p>Distribution remarks. The geographic distribution of this group is similar to that in preceding groups, reaching from Senegal to the Rift, along equator to Central and southwestern Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFCA5108FF07FB12F840FCBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFCB510BFF07FC2BFFB4FB9A.text	BD7387D9FFCB510BFF07FC2BFFB4FB9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus chevalieri (Alluaud 1915)	<div><p>1. Craspedophorus chevalieri (Alluaud, 1915)</p><p>(Plate 5, Figs 34–36, Plate 13, Fig. 101)</p><p>Eudema chevalieri Alluaud, 1915a: 154 (type locality “Fort-Crampel, sur le haut Chari, dans le Congo français [= Kaga Bandoro, Nana Grébizi Prefecture, Central African Republic]”). Craspedophorus chevalieri Burgeon 1930b: 158 . Craspedophorus chevalieri chevalieri Basilewsky 1987: 197 . Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80. Craspedophorus chevalieri jokoanus Basilewsky, 1987: 197 (type locality “ Kamerun: Joko [Cameroon, Central]”). Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80, syn. nov.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “ Fort-Crampel / Congo français [printed on white label]// Chevalieri / Type. Alluaud / Alluaud determ. [handwritten]” (Plate 5, Fig. 34, MNHN).</p><p>1♂ (holotype of Craspedophorus chevalieri jokoanus Basilewsky, 1987): “Genit. ♂ / [printed on white label] / 87.056.1 [handwritten]// Holotypus [printed on red label]// Eudema / Chevalieri / var. Alluaud / Alluaud déterm. [handwritten in black on white label]// Musée du Congo / Kamerun: Joko // Don. Moser [printed on white label]// Cr. chevalieri / s. jokoanus n. [handwritten]/ P. Bailewsky det., 19 [printed on white label]// [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent. / 0 0 0 0 20046 [printed on white label]” (Plate 5, Fig. 36, MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Cameroon: Central. 3♂, 3♀ labeled as paratypes of “ C. chevalieri jokoanus Basilewsky, 1987 ”: “Joko” (MRAC) . Central Africa. 19♂, 16♀: “[Kémo prefecture] Fort-Sibut / Oubangi-Chari ”; (Plate 5, Fig. 35, MNHN, MRAC); 1♀: “ Ht-Kémo ( Dybowski)” (MNHN); 1♂, 1♀: “ Fort Crampel ” (MRAC); 1♂: “ Ombella-M'Poko Prov. 40 km n Bangui, 400 m ”; 1 Ƌ: “ Lobaye Prov. nr. Grima, 50 km ne Bambio, Ngoto Forest, 450 m ” (Plate 13, Fig. 101, cMH). Gabon. 1 Ƌ: “Ntoum” (cDM).</p><p>Note. This species is based on specimens labeled “Fort-Crampel, sur le haut Chari, dans le Congo français”. Description (in part, see Alluaud, 1915a: 153). “Length 22–25.5 mm [our measurements 18–26 mm]. Well distinguishable from the precedent species [ C. bouvieri crampeli Alluaud, 1915] by its acuminate body posteriad, by its pronotum, anteriorly quite similar to that in E. eximia [= C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781)], but posteriorly more perpendicular to small indentation near posterior angles, with disk less grossly punctured. Elytra with striae quite regularly punctured as in E. eximia [= C. reflexus], but punctuation more gross near apical declivity; furthermore, intervals more convex, less densely and more grossly punctured. Yellow humeral fascia located very near elytral base, as well as in E. decorsei [= C. bouvieri bouvieri (Rousseau, 1905)], reaching the same intervals and one spot on the IX interval; but fascia less equal, markedly wider, otherwise quite variable, generally with floating wideness outwards, spots on IX interval markedly longer. Yellow preapical macula is not present in this species; although among a lot of species I saw two specimens with a small yellow spot on VII interval, and in one specimen spot on V interval, and perceptible trail of spot on VII interval. Venter grossly and quite sparsely punctured. Metepisterna short. I dedicate this species to my friend, Mr. Auguste Chevalier, as a result of his explorations in West Africa” [from French]. Basilewsky (1987) described a new subcpecies based on seven specimens collected at Joko, Cameroon, recently located in Central Region. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1987: 197). “...all specimens from Cameroon with body of smaller size (18–21 mm) than in C. chevalieri s. str. (22–25 mm), pronotum less transverse (length/width ratio 1.37–1.39) contrary to that in C. chevalieri s. str. (1.45–1.60), with lateral margins less sinuate posteriorly and less excavated in front of posterior angles, elytra less convex, and weakly narrower. But yellow humeral elytral macula differs at first sight from that in nominotypical subspecies, which in all specimens from Fort Sibut and Fort Crampel presents as a horizontal fascia, reaching from II to IX interval, anteriorly very regularly marginated, not serrate, in both specimens from Cameroon macula is markedly narrower, beginning often on III interval, hardly reaching to IX., with spots on II and III interval very short, and serrate towards anterior margin, spots on V., VII, and VIII intervals markedly prolonged anteriorly in comparison to the others, posterior margin less serrate in nominotypical subspecies, than in the new subspecies, where more serrate, and which I name ssp. jokoanus nova. In two of seven specimens from Cameroon I found one small spot, very little distinct, located in apical fourth, on intervals V and VI, never seen in specimens from Central African Republic. Aedeagi (Plate 13, Fig. 101) differ slightly....” [from French]. In MNHN I found a specimen which is more similar to the subspecies type from Cameroon (Plate 5, Fig. 35) than to the species type from Central African Republic (RCA, Plate 5, Fig. 34). This specimen was collected near Sibut (Kémo Prefecture, RCA), not far and south from the type locality (“Fort-Crampel” =Kaga Bandoro, Nana-Grébizi Prefecture, RCA). When comparing types and other specimens from various places, both above-mentioned populations described as subspecies seem different only in the body size. Slight differences in the elytral colouration are also to be found among individuals of the same population. Colour and size or length differences can also occur anywhere, without any geographical context. Those are most probably alpine and lowland forms. Based on this fact, I synonymize Basilewsky’s subspecies C. ch. jokoanus to C. chevalieri .</p><p>Distribution. Central Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFCB510BFF07FC2BFFB4FB9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC8510AFF07FB0DFD06FDFF.text	BD7387D9FFC8510AFF07FB0DFD06FDFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus congoanus Kolbe 1889	<div><p>2. Craspedophorus congoanus Kolbe, 1889</p><p>(Plate 6, Figs 49–51, Plate 13, Fig. 109)</p><p>Craspedophorus congoanus Kolbe, 1889: 116 (type locality “Kwako bis Kimpoko [=Bandundu Province, Democratic Repubic of the Congo]”). Burgeon 1930b: 160 (ex parte), 1935b: 180 (ex parte), Basilewsky, 1960a: 84, Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80.</p><p>Compared material. 1♀: “Comp. typ. / Basilewsky [printed in black on red circumscribed label]// Musée du Congo / Equateur : Flandria [printed in black]/ 23–III–1932 [handwritten in black]/ R. P. Hulstaert [printed in black]/ 224[handwritten in black on leftside on white label]// Mus . Berlin / IX. 1954 [handwritten in black on red label]// Cr. congoanus Klbe [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black]54 [handwritten in black on white label]” (Plate 6, Fig. 49, MRAC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. DR Congo: Équateur. 1♂: “ Eala Bokatola-Bikoro ” (Plate 6, Fig. 50, Plate 13, Fig. 109) ; 1♂: “ Flandria ”; 1♂, 1♀: “ Lukolela ” (MRAC) ; 1♀: “ Congo Katanga [probably missplaced, correctly Équateur Province] Lukolela ” (cDM) ; 1♀: “ Tshuapa: Etata ” ; 1♀: “ Tshuapa: Ikela ” ; 1♀: “ Tshuapa: Mabali, terr. Bikoro, Lactumba” (MRAC) . Kasaï-Occidental. 1♂, 1♀: “ Terr. Dekese ” ; 1♂, 1♀: “ Luebo ” . Kasaï-Oriental (Sankuru). 1♀: “ Sankuru: Djeka ” ; 1♂: “ Kasai: Djeka ” ; 1♀: “ Kasai: Kondue ” ; 1♀: “ Sankuru: Kondue ” . Maniéma. 1♂: “ Kindu ” . Orientale (Tshopo). 1♀: “ Stan [leyville].: Litoko ( Elengalale)” (Plate 6, Fig. 51, MRAC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on specimens labeled “Kwako bis Kimpoko”. Recently this route is located in Kwango District, Bandundu province, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Description (in part, see Kolbe 1889: 116). “Length 21 mm. A large, gracile species, differing strongly from previous form [ C. buettneri], mainly by smooth dorsum, most similar to C. grossus (Hope, 1842), but with mostly all parts more elongated. Head short, pronotum cordiform, with margins posteriorly strongly narrowing, excavated in front of posterior angles, dorsum weakly rugate, irregularly and indistinctly punctured. Elytra almost parallel-sided, relatively narrow, striae smooth and deeply impressed, very finely and rarely punctured; intervals convex, glossily, very finely and sparsely punctured. Humeral macula red, large, more narrowing medial than lateral, reaching from VI to VIII interval, furthermore with small macular spot on V interval; preapical macula reduced to one spot on VII interval, which smaller, more elongated, ovoid. Metepisterna short, wider than long. Ventral sternites anteriorly, in the middle, crenulated. Kwako bis Kimpoko” [from German]. I have not seen the type, my conclusions are based on the Basilewsky’s compared type in his collection in MRAC (Plate 6, Fig. 49). Aedeagus of the DR Congo male, collected in Équateur Province, (Plate 13, Fig.109), is very similar to those of C. ruficroides n. sp. and C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987 (Plate 13, Figs 106–108).</p><p>Distribution. Democratic Congo: Bandundu, Équateur, Kasaï-Occidental, Kasaï-Oriental, Maniema, Orientale Provinces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC8510AFF07FB0DFD06FDFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC9510AFF07FDB1FF6DFA34.text	BD7387D9FFC9510AFF07FDB1FF6DFA34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus cuneatus subsp. cuneatus (Alluaud 1915) cuneatus (Alluaud 1915	<div><p>3a. Craspedophorus cuneatus cuneatus (Alluaud, 1915)</p><p>(Plate 5, Figs 37, 38, Plate 13, Fig. 102).</p><p>Eudema cuneata Alluaud, 1915a: 155 (type locality “Fort-Crampel, sur le haut Chari, dans le Congo français [= Kaga Bandoro, Nana Grébizi Prefecture, Central African Republic]”). Craspedophorus cuneatus Basilewsky 1951b: 206 (ex parte). Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♀): “ Fort-Crampel / Congo français [printed on white label]// cuneatus / Type. Alluaud / Alluaud determ. [handwritten]” (Plate 5, Fig. 38, MNHN)</p><p>Additional material examined. Cameroon: Centre. 3♂, 1♀: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-11.717777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -11.717777/lat 3.5)">Region</a> um Mbalmayo, Umg. Obout, 680m / N 03°30' 9 O 011°43'4” (Plate 5, Fig. 37, Plate 13, Fig. 102), cAP, cMH) . Central Africa. 20♂, 18♀: “[Kémo prefecture] Fort-Sibut ” (MRAC) ; 1♀: “ 45 km n Sibut” (cMH); 1♂, 2♀: “[Ouaka prefecture] Bambari ” (MRAC).</p><p>Note. This species was based on specimens labeled “Fort-Crampel”, see also note in C. chevalieri (Alluaud, 1915) . Description (in part, see Alluaud, 1915a: 155). “Length 16.5–18 mm. Body posteriorly as well narrowing and acuminated near apex as in C. chevalieri Alluaud and distinctly less convex. Because of smaller statue and different shaped body, it does not resemble previously reported species [as C. bouvieri crampeli Alluaud, 1915] except C. chevalieri, which is more similar. Pronotum wide, less densely and grossly punctured, with posterior angles weakly elevated, with very indistinct indentation. Elytral striae punctured; intervals weakly convex, densely and quite grossly punctured. Yellow humeral fascia reaching from II to VIII interval, wide and located near base; macular anterior margin more or less equal, its posterior margin serrate, irregular, fascia compounds of spots, which contiquous, alternatively longer and shorter, prolonged posteriorly on intervals IV, VI and VIII, spots on intervals III, V, and VII less prolonged posteriorly, but often little prolonged anteriorly. Between a lot of specimens I have examined, I have seen a small rest of yellow preapical fascia. Venter sparsely punctured; metepisterna short” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Central Cameroon, Central African Republic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC9510AFF07FDB1FF6DFA34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC95105FF07F9FBFF2EF872.text	BD7387D9FFC95105FF07F9FBFF2EF872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus cuneatus subsp. paromius (Basilewsky 1987) Häckel 2017	<div><p>3b. Craspedophorus cuneatus paromius Basilewsky, 1987 new status</p><p>(Plate 5, Figs 41–43, Plate 13, Fig. 103)</p><p>Craspedophorus strachani Burgeon 1930b: 158 (nec. Hope, 1842), 1935b: 180.</p><p>Craspdophorus paromius Basilewsky, 1987: 193 (type locality “Zaïre: Parc national de la Garamba [=Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo]”). Lorenz 2005: 321. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 82.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Genit. ♂ [printed]/ 87.041.4 [handwritten in black on yellow label]// Holotypus [printed on red label]// Congo Belge, P.N.G. / Miss H. De Saeger / Garamba, 5–IV–1951 / Réc. J. Verschuren. 1542 [printed on white label]// Crasp. / paromius n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19 [printed on white label]/ [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 20053 [printed on white label]” (Plate 5, Fig. 41, MRAC) . Paratypes. [Bas- Uele District] 5 (♂ + ♀): “ Paratypus [printed in black on red label]// Crasp. / paromius n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19 [printed in black on white label]// Musée du Congo / Uele: Tukpwo / - IX-1937 / L. Leconte [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 5, Fig. 43) ; 1♂ same data as previous PT except: “ VI-1937 / J. Vrydagh ”; 1♂ same data as previous PT except: “ Bambesa ”; 1♂: “ Api (Laplume). [Haut-Uele District] 1♂ same data as previous paratypes except: “ Haut-Uele: Moto / 1920 / L. Burgeon ” ; 1♀ “Faradje / Blommaert”; 1♂: Nyangara- Doruma” / V-1912 /Mme Hutereau”; 1♀: “ Andranga / Mme Hutereau ”; 17 (♂ + ♀): “ Congo Belge, P.N.G. / Miss. H. De Saeger/ Kpaika, 20-IV-1950 / Réc. G. Demoulin 620” (Plate 5, Fig. 42, Plate 13, Fig. 103), same data as previous paratype except “ PFSK.5/3 , 20-VI-52 / H. DeSaeger. 3656”, same data except “3657”. [Ituri District] 1♂ same data as previous paratypes except: “ Haut-Congo / 1897 / Dr, Védy” ; 1♂ same data except: “Mahagi- Niaremba / 1935 / Ch. Scops ”; 1♀ same data except: “ Niaremba ” (MRAC).</p><p>Note. C. cuneatus paromius was originally described as valid species based on 33 specimens collected in north-eastern DR Congo by the upper Uele River (Haut-Uele District and east of the Bas-Uele District) and by upper Ituri River (Ituri District), holotype labeled “Congo Belge P.N.G.”. Garamba National Park is located in the North-East DR Congo (Orientale Province) bordering to South Sudan. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1987: 193). “Length 17–19 mm. Apterous, elytra fused. Black, mandibles and palps dark brown; each elytron with two large fair yellow maculae, with serrate margins, not reaching elytral margin, humeral macula slightly transverse, compounds of five elongated macular spots on intervals IV to VIII, quite regularly lodged, spots on IV and VI interval prolonged posteriorly; preapical macula, located in apical fourth, compounds as well of five spots on the same intervals, spots on V and VII intervals more elongated than the others. Dorsum sparsely covered by fair yellow setae, moderately long, and almost erected, venter covered more sparsely except middle, where covered more freely. Head medium-elongated, irregularly punctured, more strongly near frontal grooves, which widely and quite deeply impressed; labrum deeply sinuate in the middle posteriorly, with four gross pores, each with seta. Mental process short and very wide, anterior margin truncate and finely sinuate. Distal palpar article very long and kidney-shaped. Antennae long and fine, not dilated, IV article reaches pronotal base. Pronotum transverse, 1.45– 1.48 times wider than long, distinctly stronger narrowing anteriorly than posteriorly, base distinctly wider than anterior margin, which wider than neck; anterior angles very widely rounded, with large lobes, slightly protruded anteriorly; lateral margins regularly and strongly arcuate to pronotal maximal width, which is located markedly behind midlength, then pronotal margins narrowing posteriorly and strongly sinuate, then turned suddenly off, perpendicularly towards base, with a small excavation in front of posterior angles, each with protruded indentation, base straight, not pedunculated; disc moderately convex, markedly separated from lateral rims, which strongly elevated, posteriorly; basilar tips deeply impressed and somewhat less elongated; surface quite grossly punctured, laterally more densely, often merged; lateral rims distinct only to midlength; interspaces without micrsosculpture. Elytra very convex, almost ovoid, maximal width near midlength, 1.41–1.47 times longer than wide, humeri rounded, but moderately marked, margins little more sinuate before apical tuberosity, intervals distinctly convex, regularly punctured, with 4–5 very small setose points on each interval; on humeral elytral macula these points are very separated and more reduced, interspaces with more isodiametric microsculpture; striae quite deeply punctured, but punctuation very separated. Venter strongly grossly punctured, except middle, where punctuation more fine and rugation fair. Metepisterna short, almost squared. Legs quite long...” “...species belongs to C. strachani group. It resembles C. milzi Duvivier, 1891, differs from it by its smaller body and elytral colouration, with fair yellow coloured maculae in contrary to orange-reddish maculae in C. milzi . Antennae somewhat shorter, metepisterna almost squared, not transverse, elytra mostly less acuminated in apex; venter more sparsely covered by setae, which shorter, mainly in the middle, pronotum more sparsely punctured and less rugate, lateral margins less elevated posteriorly; intervals less strongly punctured, aedeagi differ very little. Although C. milzi occurs in western part of Zaïre (Ubangi, West of Bas-Uele) [=Équateur Province and western Orientale Province, DR Congo], C. paromius was collected in the East of Bas-Uele an extremely northern Ituri. However the absence of sympatrical occurence of both species supports that C. paromius is a subspecies of C. milzi . I do not agree because there are a number of characters that separate these two taxa. A group of cited specimens was determinated and labeled by Burgeon as C. strachani (1930: 158; 1935: 180), in my opinion a well distinguishable species from the type of that species” [from French]. C. cuneatus paromius is conspecific to C. cuneatus cuneatus (Alluaud, 1915), differing from it in body size and slight differences in elytral colouration. Aedeagi seem similar (Plate 13, Figs 102, 103).</p><p>Distribution. Democratic Congo: Orientale Province.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC95105FF07F9FBFF2EF872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC75104FF07FF45FF73F8F2.text	BD7387D9FFC75104FF07FF45FF73F8F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus cuneatus subsp. rotundatus Häckel 2017	<div><p>3c. Craspedophorus cuneatus rotundatus new subspecies</p><p>(Plate 5, Figs 39, 40, Plate 13, Fig. 104)</p><p>Craspedophorus cuneatus Basilewsky 1951b: 206 .</p><p>Type locality. “ 75 km ssw Ndélé, Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture, Central African Republic ”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “N - Centr. African Rep. of, Bamingui-Bangoran Prov. 75 km ssw Ndélé, 450 m ” (Plate 5, Fig. 39, Plate 13, Fig. 104, NMPC) . Paratypes. 2♂, 2 ♀: “ Bamingui-Bandoran Prov. 15 km e Ndélé, 800 m ”; 1♂, 1 ♀: “ 45 km ssw Bamingui, 450 m ” (Plate 5, Fig. 40, cMH); 1♂: “ 75 km ssw Ndélé, 450 m (cIB)”; 1♂: “ Ngaouyanga / juillet [printed in black on white label]// Miss. Sci. Suisse / Caméroun –1947 [handwritten in black on white label]” (MRAC) .</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 15.2 mm, width 7.3 mm. Head and pronotum same as in C. cuneatus cuneatus, pronotum slightly more transverse (length/width ratio&gt;1.6, both C. c. cuneatus, C. c. paromius &lt;1.6) and with slightly more extended front angles and more distinctive lateral margins. Elytra convex, ovoid as in C. c. cuneatus, shorter than in C. c. paromius . It differs from C. c. cuneatus by elytral colouration, the presence of a nonreduced yellow preapical fascia reaching from IV to VIII interval, and by the shape of humeral macula which is more irregular and narrowed to the centre (similarly to that in C. c. paromius). From C. c. paromius the new subspecies differs—apart from body size—in colouration. These differences are not possibly relevant; the humeral macula is wider (but not as much as in C. c. cuneatus), reaching the centre up to III and IV interval in the form of short residual spots (Plate 5, Figs 39, 40).</p><p>Note. Basilewsky (1951b: 206) mentions this variety when describing two specimens collected in Ngaouyanga (North Region, Cameroon). “Both specimens differ from others of that species collected in French C ongo only in the presence of yellow preapical macula, indentated, located between IV and VIII interval, and in the spots of the humeral fascia which are variously long, longer in inner than in outer intervals. It could refer to a separate subspecies, but more material is needed.” [from French]. The author further states that “In some species of the genus [ Craspedophorus] is the presence/absence of the preapical macula purely individual: [ Craspedophorus] Bouvieri Rousseau (var. Decorsei All.), eximius Laferté (var. Crampeli All.), clasispilus All., etc. In Chevalieri All. is the presence of preapical macula extremely rare and occurs only as a small yellow spot in the V or VII interval; in other species I have never noticed its absence. In numerous C. cuneatus specimens from French Congo [i. e. “ Congo francais ”, recently Congo Brazzaville and a part of today’s Central African Republic] I have never seen this macula; interestingly, it is usually not observed even in specimens with minor differences in shape and size of humeral macula” [from French]. The described and in my opinion clear and consistent approach of Basilewsky’s did not last long, in most stated cases he deviated from the original opinion and later chose much less clear and complex solutions (Häckel 2017: 233–4, 239). If the area of occurrence of these populations is slightly different ( C. r. reflexus x C. r. crampeli; C. l. leprieurii x C. l. clasispilus), most of the arguable cases are treated as different subspecies. In forms where the area is indistinguishable synonymisation is applied ( decorsei = C. b. bouvieri) or ( jokoanus = C. chevalieri). In my opinion, in the case of C. cuneatus (Alluaud, 1915) it is not possible to speak only of differences based on the presence/absence of preapical macula. It is also often present in C. c. cuneatus, although only as a reduced residuum (Plate 5, Fig. 37). In the new subspecies C. c. rotundatus n. ssp. unequivocally different, but at the same time very little variable elytral colouration occurs in northern populations of this species inhabiting northern Cameroon, southern Chad and North of the Central African Republic. Similar colouration but slightly different body size is to be observed in eastern populations from the North-East of DR Congo, until now considered as species ( C. c. paromius Basilewsky, 1987). The southern (nominotypical) populations inhabit Central Cameroon and southern prefectures of the RCA (Kémo, Ouaka), or the North of the Republic of Congo. I tend to agree with the opinion that C. c. rotundatus can be distinguished as subspecies both geographically and visually.</p><p>Distribution. Northern Cameroon, Central African Republic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC75104FF07FF45FF73F8F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC75107FF07F886F8E2FBBC.text	BD7387D9FFC75107FF07F886F8E2FBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus dicranothorax (Alluaud 1915)	<div><p>4. Craspedophorus dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915)</p><p>(Plate 7, Figs 65, 66)</p><p>Eudema dicranothorax Alluaud, 1915b: 252 (type locality “Gabon” probably in error). Craspedophorus dicranothorax Lorenz 2005: 320 . Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Congo [handwritten]/ Type [printed in red on white label]// Eudema / dicranothorax / Alluaud / Alluaud déterm. [handwritten in black on white label]” (Plate 5, Fig. 65, MNHN)</p><p>Additional material examined. Central Africa. 1♀: “[= Sangha-Mbaéré prefecture], Ndoki NP, Camp 1, chablis 1 , Lac 1, 02°28'40.5 N 016°13'02.6 E ” (Plate 5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.21739&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.4779167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.21739/lat 2.4779167)">Fig.</a> 66, cMH) Congo (Brazzaville). 1♀: “ Museum Paris / Congo franç. / N'Kogo // H. Bonet 1903 // Cr. dicranothorax / All. / P. Basilewsky det. 1954” (MNHN) . DR Congo: Bas-Congo. 1♂: “ Mayumbe: Temvo ” (MRAC) . Gabon. 1♀: “[Ogooué-Ivindo Province] Bakouaka ” (cDM); 1♀: “[Ogooué-Lolo Province] Lastourville ”; 1♂, 1♀: “ Distr. M'Bigon [= Mbigou, Ngounié Province]: Makogonio ”; 1♂: “[Nyanga Province] Tchibanga ” (MRAC) .</p><p>Note. This species is based on a single specimen. When describing this species Alluaud (1915b: 252) states that the type locality is “ Gabon ”. In MNHN I have found the specimen labeled by Alluaud as holotype, its locality being “ Congo ” (recently Congo Brazzaville and a part of RCA). With regard to the specimens nowadays found in Congo (Brazzaville) and in the Central African Republic I presume that the locality specification in the holotype (Congo) is correct, whereas Alluaud’s description (Gabon) seems to be wrong. Description (in part, see Alluaud 1915b: 252). “Length 20.5 mm. Body black, glossy with antennae and tarsi reddish, each elytron with two yellow maculae: humeral macula in basal third, reaching from VI to VIII interval; preapical macula in apical third, on the same intervals. Head with vertex punctured. Pronotum more grossly punctured than head, with anterior angles, widely rounded and posterior angles forming points, strongly protruded, outreach posteriorly the basal level, separated from the base by a deep concavity. Elytra convex, ovoid, quite short, strongly striated, with intervals convex, very sparsely punctured; intervals III, V and VII somewhat larger than the others. Venter grossly punctured; metepisterna squared, short. This species is very simply distinguishable in its posterior pronotal angles, which differently, unorthodoxly shaped. Because of other characters, as ovoid, quite short body, it belongs in one group with Eudema grossa [= Craspedophorus grossus (Hope, 1842)] and E. [= C.] strachani Hope, [1842], occurring in tropical West Africa. The only specimen, I have, seems to be pretty abraded; although some setae on pronotum and elytral margins are visible, short and reddish (as coloured as antennae and tarsi), which indicated as well coloured setae, covering dorsum in fresh specimens. Habitat. a single specimen, labeled Gabon, in my collection” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), DR Congo: Bas-Congo; Gabon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC75107FF07F886F8E2FBBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC45106FF07FB73FEFAFAB2.text	BD7387D9FFC45106FF07FB73FEFAFAB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus dicranulothorax Häckel 2017	<div><p>5. Craspedophorus dicranulothorax new species</p><p>(Plate 7, Fig. 60, Plate 8, Fig. 69a, Plate 9, Fig. 69b)</p><p>Type locality. “ Buea, Cameroon, Southwest ”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♀): “ Cameroun [Southwest Region] Buea / XI-2014 -46- / P. Moretto leg. // loan for study 5. 2016 / Peter Schüle, Collection Herrenberg ” (Plate 7, Fig. 60, Plate 8, Fig. 69a, Plate 9, Fig. 69b, ZSM).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 18.8 mm, width 6.8 mm. Proportions: Pronotum 1.35 wider than long, 2.19 wider than head with eyes, elytra 1.23 wider than pronotum.</p><p>Colouration. Body throughout piceous black, opaque, densely covered by black setae. Legs black, only palps and distal articles of antennae beginning with IV lighter, almost brown. Each elytron with two dark yellow maculae, the humeral one on the VI–VIII interval overlapping to IX., elytral margin black, macula on VI interval short, laterally widening into the shape of an equilateral triangle. Preapical macula rounded, extending from V to VIII interval.Head elongately rectangular, labrum and mandibles smooth, opaque, terminal labial palpomere elongately bow-shaped (in female). Eyes strongly convex. Frons medially raised, coarsely and irregularly punctuated, in front of eyes with two longitudinal depressions, laterally in the form of a thin ridge running from the antennal base to anterior margin of eye (supra-antennary ridge), medially weak and wide from anterior margin of eye to clypeus base, coarsely and irregularly punctuated, almost furrowed. Vertex transversely slightly buckled, coming without strangulation into smooth occiput and neck. Anntenae whip-shaped, distally not widening nor flattering, reaching up to two thirds of body length. The basal antennomere (scapus) three times longer than the second, the third twice longer than the first, the fourth one a half times shorter than the first, surface covered with short setae, more setae cumulated at the distal end of the antennomere (Plate 8, Fig. 69a).</p><p>Pronotum not too transverse (length/width ratio 1.35), cordiform; anterior pronotal margin straight, parallel to base in its middle, straight part as long as neck is wide, laterally changing into anterior angles, rounded and slightly protruded forward, lateral margins towards the centre widely curved, maximum width at midlength, from there narrowing towards base with strong sinuosity, in front of posterior angles mild incisure, posterior angles in a sharp angle, almost rectangular, posteriorly prolongated to elytral base, reaching, but not overlapping it. Base straight at the centre, at the margins up to one fourth distinctly carved, forming a peduncle. Pronotal disc convex, separated by a weak depression from wide lateral rims which are distinct already from the anterior pronotal margin, the rim posteriorly somewhat widening, but elevated upwards along the entire length, the greatest elevation in front of the pedunculated base, thus posterior angles jutting out backwards, upwards and to the sides in a keel-like fashion. Disc and basal impressions grossly and irregularly punctured, less densely than frons, elevated lateral pronotal margins distinctly more glabrous than disc, sparsely and softly punctured. Dorsal surface covered with long black setae (Plate 8, Fig. 69a).</p><p>Elytra fused, prolonged, ovoid, widening posteriorly, maximum width in the apical third. Disc partially convex behind the distinct collar-like depression near elytral base and humeri. Humeri rounded and bevelled, weakly distinct, elytral base lined with a smooth rim, separating base from striae between strial suture and IV interval, V interval merged with the rim. Elytra laterally margined with a flattened rim—the rim without widening longwise, disappearing near base. Striae soft but not shallow, regularly interrupted by subtile punctuation. Intervals convex, distinctly and softly punctured in one or two lines. Intervals with subtile isodiametric microsculpure inbetween punctuations (Plate 9, Fig. 69b). Elytra densely covered with dark setae which are shorter than those covering pronotum.</p><p>Underside covered with short setae, finely punctured medially, coarsely punctured near margins; metepisterna rhombic, as long as wide. Legs moderately covered with black setae.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The species based on a single female specimen resembles the preceding species C. dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915) in its pronotal shape and in its elytral colouration. The similarity of both species reflects itself in their names as well. The new species differs from C. dicranothorax not only in its pronotum with less protruding posterior angles, but also in the shape and dimensions of the body, dimensions of the head and ratios between length and width of the pronotum and distincly in the shape and convexity of the elytra (Plate 5, Figs 60, 65). The shape of the body resembles Chaudoir’s lectotype C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861) and another species C. lemariei which is newly described in this work (see the systematic part). From both above-mentioned species C. dicranulothorax n. sp. differs at first sight in the pronotal shape, i. e. in more bizzare posterior pronotal angles which resemble C. dicranothorax, but just out backwards less. C. dicranulothorax and C. dicranothorax are the only species of the C. strachani group whose pronotal base is—because of large lateral incisurespedunculated.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the shape of posterior pronotal angles which are similarly formed as in C. dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915), only less distinct.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC45106FF07FB73FEFAFAB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC55101FF07FA75F8F5FBBF.text	BD7387D9FFC55101FF07FA75F8F5FBBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus glaber Bates 1886	<div><p>6. Craspedophorus glaber Bates, 1886</p><p>(Plate 7, Figs 61a,b, 62 a,b; Plate 8, Fig. 68a, Plate 9, Fig. 61c, Plate 13, Fig. 105)</p><p>Craspedophorus glaber Bates, 1886a: 196 (type locality “Mount Cameroons [=Cameroon, Southwest]”). Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81.</p><p>Type material. “Holotype (♀): “Cameroons [handwritten in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / glaber / Chaud. [handwritten in black on white label]// Ex-Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892 [printed in black on white label]// Type [printed] / glaber [handwritten in black on red label]” (Plate 7, Fig. 62a, MNHN, Oberthür/Bates Collection). Paratypes. 2♂, 2♀: “Cameroons [handwritten in black on white label]// Ex-Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892 [printed in black on white label]// Paratype [printed in black on red label]” (MNHN, Oberthür/Bates Collection), 1♂ same labeled as holotype except “Museum Paris / Coll. Ch. Alluaud [printed in black on blue label]// glaber / Bates / ex typis. [handwritten in black on white label]” (MNHN). 1♀ erroneously labeled and pinned to series with paratypes of C. lafertei Murray: “Paratype [printed in black]/ Lafertei Murr. [handwritten in black on red upper pinned label]/ / Old Calabar [printed in black on white lower pinned label]// pinned first from left in the series labeled: “ Lafertéi? / Murray / Afrique occident. / Sallé [handwritten in black on white box label in Chaudoir's Collection]” (Plate 7, Fig. 62b, MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. Cameroon. 1♀: “ Kamerun / H. Rolle, Berlin W. // Cr. glaber Bat. / P. Basilewsky det., 1954” (MNHN) . Centre. 1♂ labeled as “Comp. typ.” by Basilewsky 1951: “Yaoundé” (Plate 7, Fig. 61b, MRAC). Southwest. 1♂, 1♀: “ Mungo [River] Mukonje Farm ” (MRAC) . 1♂: “SWpr. 3.5 km ne Bakingili, N: 4°5.431'; E: 9°3.131', 400 m ” (Plate 7, Fig. 61a, Plate 9, Fig. 61c, Plate 13, Fig.105, cMH).</p><p>Note. This species is based on number of specimens labeled “ Cameroons ” collected in Cameroon Mountains. Description (in part, see Bates 1886a: 196). “Length 16 mm. Body short, wide, parallel-sided, black, glossy, oral parts, antennae (except basal articles), genae, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous, each elytron with two large yellow maculae, humeral macula reaches from V to IX interval, preapical one reaches from IV to VIII interval; head wide, eyes strongly convex; pronotum similar to that in C. grossus [Hope, 1842], but with lateral margins more widely elevated and narrowed posteriorly; elytra short, almost ovoid, striae deeply impressed and punctured, intervals fully smooth, without punctuation“ [from Latin]. “In everything except the more triangular apical joint of the palpi this species accords with the first sub-section of Chaudoir's genus, Craspedophorus (1878: 11) . It has very short mesothoracic episterna, much broader than long, strongly crenulated anterior edges of ventral segments, and in the form of the thorax resembles closely C. grossus [Hope, 1842]. It differs, however, from C. grossus and from C. ruficrus [LaFerté-Sénectere, 1851] and C. lafertei [Murray, 1857] in the more prominent eyes and narrower neck (the crown very coarsely punctured). It is a much shorter and less convex species than G. grossus . The thorax is relatively broader and more angularly dilated in the middle, and its surface is very strongly punctured, the punctures in the middle being distinctly separated from each other. In the elytral surface being quite destitute of hairs and the interstices impunctate it is distinguished from all allied species (Plate 9, Fig. 61c). The anterior red spot of the elytra is quadrate, and reaches nearly to the base, the sub-apical spot is shorter and more transverse, but variable in length. According to the shape of the apical joint of the palpi the species would belong to Epicosmus according to Chaudoir, but all the other characters are those of Craspedophorus ”. Bates correctly places this species in Craspedophorus (here C. strachani group) in spite of his objections regarding the shape of terminal labial palpi. Those being examined in males (not in females or small males), the prolongated kidney-form shape of the terminal palpi is obvious, thus the placement in the genus (according to Chaudoir) and in the newly-defined C. strachani group seems to be correct.</p><p>Ditribution. Central, southwestern Cameroon; Gabon, south-eastern Nigeria: Cross River State.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC55101FF07FA75F8F5FBBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC25103FF07FB71FF5BFF57.text	BD7387D9FFC25103FF07FB71FF5BFF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus klugii Basilewsky 1968	<div><p>7. Craspedophorus klugii (Hope, 842)</p><p>(Plate 2, Figs 16, 17a,b; Plate 4, Figs 28, 29)</p><p>Panagaeus klugii Hope, 1842: 94 (type locality “Circa Palmas[=southeastern Liberia, southern Ivory Coast]”). Schaum 1853: 434. Chaudoir 1879: 96. Epicosmus klugii Chaudoir 1861: 350 . Eudema klugi Gemminger and Harold 1868: 209 . Craspedophorus klugii Basilewsky 1968: 93 . Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (?♂) “ Klugii / Hope // 5 / 4 [handwritten in black on white labels]// Type [printed in black] Col: 92 / Panagaeus / Klugii Hope [handwritten in black]/ Hope Dept. Oxford [printed in black on white label]// Type / Hope [printed in black] / Anna. Nat. Hist / 10. 1842 / P. 94 [handwritten in black]/ Coll. Hope Oxon. [printed in black on white label]// (Plate 2, Fig. 16, OUMNH).</p><p>Additional material examined. Ivory Coast. 1♀ [labeled as C. klugii by Basilewsky (1968: 83)]: “Akoupé [La Mé Region, 25 km n of Abidjan]”; 1♀ labeled as C. klugii by Basilewsky (1968: 83): “[Attécoubé District, Abidjan] réservé de Banco ” (Plate 2, Fig. 17a, MRAC); 1♀ labeled as C. grosssus (Hope) by Basilewsky 1954: “Akrezie [=Akresi, Comoé District, Sud-Comoé Region]” (Plate 2, Fig. 17,b, Plate 4, Figs 28, 29, MNHN).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a single specimen deposed in OUMNH and labeled “Circa Palmas”. Description of Panagaeus klugii (see Hope 1842: 94). “Length 9.25 points, width 4 points. Black, antennae with three proximal articles black, other distal articles ferruginous and covered by setae, pronotum hexagonal shaped, margins concave, excavated, disc very finely punctured. Elytra striated, with four yellow maculae, legs black. Hab. Circa Palmas…” [from Latin]. In this species the two anterior spots cover five interstitial spaces, and these are in shape nearly triangular, the base being situated nearly at the outer margin of the elytra with the apex directed towards the suture. The two posterior markings are more rounded, and cover only four interstitial spaces.”</p><p>Redescription of holotype. Length 19.2 mm, width 6.8 mm. Proportions: Pronotum 1.39 wider than long, 1.98 wider than head with eyes, elytra 1.25 wider than pronotum.</p><p>Colouration. Body throughout piceous black, opaque, densely covered with black setae. Legs black, antennae distally from IV antennomere brownish. Each elytron with two dark yellow-red maculae, humeral macula semicircular, reaching from IV to VIII interval, widening laterally, elytral margin black. Preapical macula quadrate, reaching from V to VIII interval.</p><p>Head long but wider than in C. strachani, almost quadrate. Labrum and mandibles smooth, glossy, terminal labial palpomere prolonged, kidney-shaped (male). Eyes weakly convex. Frons flat, only a small protuberance behind labium weakly elevated. Surface softly, densely punctured without grooves, in front of eyes with two longitudinal depressions, lateral in the form of a thin ridge running from the clypeus to the anterior margin of eye (supra-antennary ridge) with regular soft punctuation, medial shallow, almost indistinct, softly and densely punctured as the frontal centre. Vertex almost smooth, occiput and neck smooth, without strangulation. Antennae whip-shaped, distally not widening nor flattering, reaching almost up to the half of elytral length. The basal antennomere (scapus) twice longer than the second, the third one and a half times longer than the first, the fourth one and a half times shorter than the first, surface densely covered with short setae, longer setae cumulated at the distal end of the antennomere.</p><p>Pronotum not too transverse, 1.39x wider than long, cordiform; anterior margin straight, as long as head with eyes is wide, parallel to base in its middle, straight part as long as neck is wide, laterally sharply verges to anterior angles, weakly rounded and distinctly protruded forward, lateral margins widely curved, narrowing towards base with a distinct sinuosity, maximum width behind mid-length, in front of posterior angles mild incisure, posterior angles rectangular, posteriorly weakly protruded to elytral base. Base straight at the centre, at the margins up to one fourth indistinctly angled towards elytral humeri without any peduncle. Pronotal disc convex, separated by a shallow depression from wide lateral rims which are distinct already from the anterior pronotal margin, the rim posteriorly distinctly widening, elevated upwards along the entire length, the greatest elevation in its basal fourth, then the rim flattening, thus posterior angles jutting out weakly backwards and upwards, not to the sides, without being keel-like. Disc and basal impressions grossly and irregularly punctured, less densely than front, elevated lateral pronotal margins distinctly more glabrous than disc, sparsely and softly punctured. Dorsal surface covered with long black setae (Plate 2, Figs 16, 17).</p><p>Elytra fused, convex, ovoid, widening to midlength, then narrowing, maximum width in midlength. Disc symmetrically convex without any distinct collar-like depression. Humeri distinct, weakly rounded without bevelling, elytral base without any distinct rim. Elytra margined with a narrow rim, regularly and softly punctured longwise, without widening. Striae shallower (than in C. strachani), strial punctuation very soft, almost indistinct. Intervals almost flat, softly and densely punctured in five to six lines. Intervals with distinct isodiametric microsculpure among punctuation. Elytra sparsely covered with dark setae which are shorter than those covering the pronotum.</p><p>Underside covered with short setae, finely punctured medially, coarsely punctured near margins; metepisterna trapeziform, longer than wide, wider anteriorly than posteriorly (Plate 4, Fig. 25e). Legs moderately covered with black setae.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. According to Hope's insufficient description, the species could be synonymized with C. strachani (Hope, 1842), because he only points out the different size of the elytral preapical macula. In C. klugii the macula is reduced to four intervals, in C. strachani in OUMNH (male) it covers five intervals (Plate 1, Fig. 3). In fact this variance rather answers to sex differences, because in many C. strachani females from the type locality (Sierra Leone) the apical macula is also reduced (Plate 1, Fig. 2). Basilewsky had never synonymized those two species. After having them compared to the type, he determined the recently collected specimens of the Ivory Coast population as C. klugii . The faunistic note was published without any further commentary (1968: 93). Truth be told, some of the Ivory Coast specimens have a different elytral sculpture (the intervals are much flatter and less distinctly punctuated than in sympatrically living C. strachani) and also the anterior pronotal angles in those specimens ( C. klugii) protrude more. The colouration of the elytra is in C. klugii slightly different than in C. strachani, both maculas in all C. klugii specimens are of much darker hue, the humeral macula has a different shape—it even answers to Hope's extremely brief description. The preapical macula is always limited only to four intervals (Plate 2, Figs.16, 17). If the C. klugii holotype in OUMNH is male (Plate 2, Fig. 16), then the extent of the apical macula (four intervals) in C. klugii is the same in both sexes. The sex can only be estimated according to the preserved labial palps, the genital has not been at my disposal, all recently collected specimens known to me are females.</p><p>Distribution. Southern Ivory Coast, southeastern Liberia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC25103FF07FB71FF5BFF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC05103FF07FED9F806F84A.text	BD7387D9FFC05103FF07FED9F806F84A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus lafertei Murray 1857	<div><p>8. Craspedophorus lafertei Murray, 1857</p><p>(Plate 7, Figs 63, 64)</p><p>Craspedophorus lafertei Murray, 1857: 121 (type locality “Old Calabar [Cross River State, southeastern Nigeria]”). Chaudoir 1879: 95, Basilewsky 1960b: 130, Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81. Epicosmus lafertei Chaudoir 1861: 350 . Eudema lafertei Gemminger and Harold 1868: 209 .</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (♀), established by Basilewsky (1960b: 130). “Lecto- / type [printed in black on white blue bordered rounded label]// O. Calabar. / 7819 [printed in black on white label with blue bordered hemlines]// 8732 [handwritten in black on white label]// Lafertei Mury/ Col. O. Cal. 46 / Type / Old Calabar [handwritten in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / Lafertéi Murray / Lectotype [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky [printed] det [printed and corrected by handoverwriting to] vid, 19[printed]58[handwritten]” (Plate 7, Fig. 63, BMNH). Paralectotype (♀) established by Chaudoir (1879: 96). “Afriq. occ. [handwritten in black on white first upper pinned label]// ♀ [handwritten in black on second upper pinned white label]// Segments abdo- / min. crénelés. [handwritten in black on third upper pinned white label]// Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed in red on white lowest pinned label]// pinned third from left in the series labeled: “ Lafertéi? / Murray / Afrique occident. / Sallé [handwritten in black on white box label in Chaudoir's Collection]”(Plate 7, Fig. 64, MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. 1♀: “W Africa” (BMNH).</p><p>Note. This species is based on specimens labeled “Old Calabar“. Calabar, formerly Old Calabar, town and port, is capital of Cross River State, southeastern Nigeria. Description (in part, see Murray 1857: 121). “Length 7.5–8 points [15.5 mm, 7.8 mm according to Chaudoir (1879: 95)], width 3.75 points. Pronotum black, cordiform, narrowing towards base, anterior angles rounded and protruded anteriorly; elytra short, each with two orange maculae, anterior macula located near humerus, covering 5 intervals, and reaching to margin, posterior macula covering 4 intervals” [from Latin]. Murray added: “...Head rather broad, closely covered with small punctures, which become confluent here and there, particularly in two foveae on each side of the head; space in front (clypeus) impunctate, smooth and shining, with one large puncture on each side. Antennae piceous, darkest at base. Palpi ferruginous. Thorax subcordate, very uniformely covered with punctures smaller than those in any of the proceeding species, which become faint and disappear towards the margin near the posterior angles; the margins are expanded and very slightly reflexed, and at the anterior portion they have a narrow edging or border; anterior angles projecting and rounded-in to the neck, truncate at the base; posterior angles slightly projecting backwards, and with a slight exterior excision at the point; middle portion of base also very slightly projecting backwards; the dorsal line is distinct, except behind, and there is an elongate straight depression at the base on each side. Scutellum triangular, with the sides slightly sinuate, smooth and impunctate. Elytra sparingly pilose, short convex and looking as if curtailed, punctate-striate, the striae deep, particularly towards the apex, and with the interstices convex and punctate; marginal space with a distinct row of transverse punctures; two clear red or ferrugineous spots on each elytron, the anterior reaching to the margin, and extending over the V, VI, VII, VIII and IX interstitial spaces; this spot runs obliquely from the shoulder in the direction of the suture, is rounded opposite to it, and then returns in a slightly rounded line to the margin; the posterior spot is short and nearly transverse, and is confined to four interstitial spaces, the V, VI, VII and VIII, and is most prolonged on the VII; the spots are of the same texture as the rest of the elytra, and are not raised above their surface; apex emarginate. Under-side with the prosternum and breast deeply punctured, the prosternum more sparsely than the breast; inferior margin of thorax shining, and with faint traces of punctures; inflexed margin of elytra finely punctate; sides of segments of abdomen coarsely punctate, less so towards the apex, middle portion finely aciculated. Legs pitchy-black, with tibiae piceous and tarsi dark ferrugineous”. In Chaudoir's collection in MNHN the line labeled as type series of C. lafertei contains only a single specimen of this species, it is the third specimen from left (Plate 7, Fig. 63), the two remaining specimens belong to other species. The first specimen from left, incorrectly labeled “ type, C. lafertei “ belongs in fact to C. glaber Bates, 1886 (see discussion).</p><p>Disribution. Western Cameroon, south-eastern Nigeria: Cross River State .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC05103FF07FED9F806F84A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC15102FF07FF45FE36FA8B.text	BD7387D9FFC15102FF07FF45FE36FA8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus latemaculatus Alluaud 1930	<div><p>9. Craspedophorus latemaculatus Alluaud, 1930</p><p>(Plate 2, Figs 12, 13; Plate 4, Fig. 33a–c, Plate 12, Fig. 100)</p><p>Craspedophorus latemaculatus Alluaud, 1930: 4 (type locality “Joko, Kamerun [=Cameroon, Central]”). Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81, Häckel 2016: 511.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♀): “Joko / Kamerun [printed, white label]// latemacula - / tus Type [handwritten in black]/ Alluaud, 1930 [printed in black, corrected by hand in black]” (Plate 2, Fig. 13, MNHN) . Paratypes. 2♂: “ Paratype [printed in black on red circumscribed label]// Joko / Kamerun [printed in black on white label]/ R. dét / 1783 [printed in black]/ N [handwritten in black on white label]// Musée du Congo [printed in black]/ Joko (Kamerun) / don [handwritten in black] L. Burgeon [printed in black on white label]// C. latimaculat / All. [handwritten in black on white label]” (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Cameroon: Centre. 1♂: “Joko” (Plate 2, Fig. 12, Plate 12, Fig. 100, cMH).</p><p>Note. The original description of this species was based on three specimens labeled “Joko, Kamerun”. In my last article concerning C. reflexus group I noted (2016: 512): “This species markedly differs from others here described [ C. reflexus group Häckel 2016] namely in the shape and sculpture of the pronotum (cordate, smooth, reminding of species of the C. strachani group sensu Häckel), and also in the extent and shape of the orange elytral maculae. These characters isolate it within the group, but despite that the shape of the metepisternum and absence of crenulations on anterior margins of ventrites place C. latemaculatus in the C. reflexus group”. In Basilewsky's collection in MRAC I have found both paratypes (donated by L. Burgeon) which were correctly determined, labeled and placed among other species of the C. strachani group and one similarly labeled non-paratype specimen (Plate 2, Fig. 12). When checking the (rhombic) mepisternum in both MRAC paratypes I have realized that the mepisternum of the first specimen I examined, the holotype, is covered in dirt (Plate 4, Fig. 33b, c, MNHN). Originally, I was hesitant to attack the holotype and influenced my own mistake in translation, i. e. that the mepisternum in this holotype is trapezoid (prolonged, a trait typical of the C. reflexus group). Based on this wrong assumption the species was allocated to the first part of my work. This mistake of mine also appears in the previous work: (Häckel 2016: 512): “...Ventral segments on posterior margin without crenulation. Metepisterna longitudinally longer than wide…” [translated from French]. However, the original descripton (see Alluaud 1930: 5) states: “Épisternes métathoraciques en losange pas plus long que large” [metepisterna rhombic, not longer than wide]. On the same page, Alluaud notes: “By the shape of the pronotum it resembles C. grossus Hope, but it is smaller, more slender and the elytral macula much larger”. First after having studied the paratypes in which I was able to examine the clean metepisterna made me revise my opinion and transfer the C. grossus Hope species into C. strachani group with the rhombic metepisternum. The main characteristics separating this species from others remains the absence of crenulation in the anterior ventral margin (Plate 4, Fig. 33a).</p><p>Distribution. Central Cameroon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC15102FF07FF45FE36FA8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFC1511DFF07FA1DF841FC08.text	BD7387D9FFC1511DFF07FA1DF841FC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus latipennis Burgeon 1930	<div><p>10. Craspedophorus latipennis Burgeon, 1930</p><p>(Plate 2, Figs 14a, b, 15; Plate 4, Fig. 31a, b, Plate 12, Fig. 95)</p><p>Craspedophorus latipennis Burgeon, 1930b: 164 (type locality “ Cameroun: Mukonge Farm [= Limbe env., Cameroon, Southwest]”). Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81 [with erroneous type locality].</p><p>Craspedophorus preussi Kolbe in litt. sensu Burgeon 1930b: 165 (nomen nudum).</p><p>Type material. Paratypes. 1♂: “ Paratype [printed in black on red label]// Musée du Congo [printed in black] / Mundame [= Moundamé, Cameroon, Southwest] ( Kam.) / (R. Rhode [error typographicus, correctly R. Rohde]) / don [handwritten in black] L. Burgeon [printed in black on white label]// Coll. Kraatz [printed in black on white label]// Mundame / ( Kam.) R. Rohde [printed in black on white label]// R. Dét. / 1783 [printed in black] / F [handwritten in black on white label]// Craspedoph / latipennis / Burg [handwritten on white label]” (Plate 2, Fig. 14a) ; 1♂,4 ♀ labeled as previous paratype except: “Mukonge farm”; 1 ♀ labeled as previous paratypes except “ Cameroun [Region Centre]: Yaoundé ” (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Cameroon: Sothwest. 1 ♀: “ West Kamerun . Bascho. Titze” (Plate 2, Fig. 15); 1♀: “Aschanti [probably mislabeled]” (NMWC); 1♂: “SWpr., 3.5 km ne Bakingili, N: 4°5.431'; E: 9°3.131', 400 m ” (Plate 2, Fig. 14b, Plate 12, Fig. 95, cMH). Nigeria: Cross River State. 1♂: “ Calabar ” (NMPC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a series of specimens, deposed in Museum of Bruxelles, collected in Cameroon by R. Rohde, and one specimen without special labeling, except “ Preussi Kolbe ”, deposed in the Deutsches Entomologisches Museum. Holotype is labeled “Cameroun: Mukonge Farm“. Victoria (recently Limbe) and its vicinity (including Mukonge Farm) were handed over to the German administration, it became British again in 1915. In 1982 Victoria was renamed. Limbe is also a starting point to Mount Cameroon. Description (in part, see Burgeon 1930b: 164). “Length 24 mm, width 11 mm. It strongly resembles C. strachani (Hope, 1842), maybe it represents its local subspecies. It differs in stronger statue, in its pronotum with more sinuate margins posteriorly, also it differs in its elytra, more convex and wider, and in elytral colouration. Metepisterna, crenulation of abdominal segments, and the form of the palps place it in C. tetrastigma group [= C. strachani species group](Plate 4, Fig. 31a,b). Head similar, antennae ferruginous distally from IV article including. Pronotum similarly shaped [as in C. strachani], with disc, more grossly punctured, anterior angles, more lobed and protruded anteriorly, margins distinctly more sinuate posteriorly, narrowing perpendicularly towards posterior angles; posterior angle almost rectangular, with one dent on its top, preceded by one incisura. Elytra wide and short, wider at midlength than in C. strachani, with flattened disk, and four reddish maculae, longer, without serrate margins; humeral macula reaching from V [IV] to IX interval, consisting of spots, elongated progressively forwards, spot on IX interval shortened posteriorly, and the three other forming equal spots on intervals V to VII, with shorter spot on VIII interval, and often with a small spot on IV interval. C. milzi Duvivier, 1891 is smaller and more parallel-sided, pronotum similar to that in C. strachani, a species with elytra flattened, but more elongated and more densely punctured, than in our species [ C. latipennis], and humeral macula reaching from III [IV] interval, with strongly serrate margins...” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Southwestern Cameroon, southeastern Nigeria: Cross River State.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFC1511DFF07FA1DF841FC08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFDE511CFF07FB9EFFF1FBD2.text	BD7387D9FFDE511CFF07FB9EFFF1FBD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus lemariei Häckel 2017	<div><p>11. Craspedophorus lemariei new species</p><p>(VIII. Plate 7, Fig. 58, Fig. Plate 8, Fig. 68a, Plate 9, Fig. 68b, Plate 13, Fig. 111)</p><p>Type locality. “ Lac Zonanghé [=Onague Lake], Gabon ”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “ Lac Zonanghé / Gabon. Afr. c / ing. Lemarie [printed in black on white label]”(Plate 7, Fig. 58, NMPC) . Paratypes. 1♂,1♀ labeled same as holotype (cMH).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 18.6 mm, width 7.0 mm. Proportions: Pronotum 1.44x wider than long, 2.09x wider than head with eyes, elytra 1.23x wider than pronotum, 1.56 longer than wide.</p><p>Colouration. Body throughout piceous black, not too glossy, densely covered with black setae. Femora black, genae, tarsi, antennae, palps and mandibles brownish. Each elytron with two dark yellow maculae, humeral macula reaching from VI to VIII interval overlapping to IX., elytral margin black, macular spot on VI interval short, laterally widening into the shape of an equilateral triangle. Preapical macula rounded, extending from VI to VIII interval.</p><p>Head long, quadrangular, labrum and mandibles smooth, glossy. Terminal labial palpomere prolonged, kidneyshaped (male). Eyes convex. Front flat in the middle, indistinctly protruded upwards, distinctly irregularly punctuated, in front of eyes with two longitudinal depressions, lateral in the form of a thin ridge running from the antennal base to anterior margin of eye (supra-antennary ridge), medial very weak, almost indistinct and wide from anterior margin of eye to clypeus base, coarsely and irregularly punctuated and furrowed. Vertex transversally slightly buckled and punctuated, coming without strangulation into smooth occiput and neck. Antennae whipshaped, distally not widening nor flattening, overlapping half of the body length. The basal antennomere (scapus) twice longer than the second, the third twice longer than the first, the fourth only weakly shorter than the first, surface covered with short setae, more setae cumulated at the distal end of the antennomere (Plate 8, Fig. 68a).</p><p>Pronotum not too transverse (length/width ratio 1.44), cordiform; anterior pronotal margin straight, parallel to base in its middle, straight part as long as neck is wide, laterally changing into anterior angles, rounded and distinctly protruded forward, lateral margins towards the center widely curved, maximum width behind mid-length, from there narrowing towards base with strong sinuosity, in front of posterior angles with mild incisure, posterior angles rectangular, posteriorly very weakly prolonged to elytral base, only indistinctly overlapping it. Base straight at the center, at the margins up to one fourth indistinctly angled towards elytral humeri without any peduncle. Pronotal disc slightly convex, separated by a weak depression from wide lateral rims which are distinct already from the anterior pronotal margin, the rim posteriorly distinctly widening, elevated upwards along the entire length, the greatest elevation in the basal fourth, then the rim flattening, thus posterior angles jutting out weakly backwards and upwards, not to the sides, without being keel-like. Disc and basal impressions grossly and irregularly punctured, less densely than frons, elevated lateral pronotal margins punctured grossly as well, the punctuation in the basal fourth distinctly finer. Dorsal surface covered with long black setae (Plate 8, Fig. 68a).</p><p>Elytra fused, convex, ovoid, widening to midlength, then narrowing, maximum width at midlength. Disc symmetrically convex without any distinct collar-like depression. Humeri weakly rounded and bevelled, but distinct, elytral base without any distinct rim. Elytra margined with a flattened rim, regularly and grossly punctured longwise, without widening. Striae deep, regularly punctured. Intervals convex, distinctly punctuated in two, rarely in three lines. Intervals with almost smooth surface inbetween punctuations. Microsculpture indistinct (Plate 9, Fig. 68b). Elytra sparsely covered with dark setae which are shorter than those covering pronotum.</p><p>Underside covered with short setae, finely punctured medially, coarsely punctured near margins; metepisterna rhombic, as long as wide. Legs moderately covered with black setae.</p><p>Aedeagus (Plate 13, Fig. 111) is similar to that in C. phenacoides n. sp. (Plate 13, Fig. 110).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The species mostly resembles C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861), i. e. species known also from Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. It resembles Chaudoir´s lectotype in its size, in the shape of its body and its pronotum, in the elytral colouration, but differs from it in the sculpture, which is somewhat more grossly punctuated on its pronotum and completely different, markedly much deeper and more grossly punctured on its elytra (Plate 9, Figs 67b, 68b).</p><p>Etymology. Named after RNDr. Ing. Jaroslav Lemarie (1899-1978), assistant professor at the Departement of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management at Mendel University in Brno (Czech Republic) and collector of the species.</p><p>Distribution. Onague lake in Gabon. Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFDE511CFF07FB9EFFF1FBD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFDF511FFF07FB55FEF8F9EF.text	BD7387D9FFDF511FFF07FB55FEF8F9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus phenacoides Häckel 2017	<div><p>12. Craspedophorus phenacoides new species</p><p>(Plate 7, Figs 56, 57, Plate 8, Fig. 70)</p><p>Type locality. “ Edéa env., Cameroon, Littoral ”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “ C Africa C-Cameroun / Region littoral / Edéa env. / XII-1990 ex coll. Moretto ” (Plate 7, Fig. 56, Plate 8, Fig. 70, Plate 13, Fig. 110, NMPC) . Paratypes. 1 ♀: “ French Cameroons / D' Ja Posten. / Lat. 3.15. N. Long. 13.30.E. [Cameroon, Region East]/ 15.v–1.vii.1936. / F.G. Merfield. ” (BMNH) ; 1 ♀: “ Coll. Mus. Tervuren / Cameroun: Mt. Balmayo [= Mbalmayo, Region Centre, Cameroon]/ ( Barga) / ex coll. Breuning (Plate 7, Fig. 57, MRAC) .</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 19.0 mm, width 7.2 mm. Proportions: Pronotum 1.43x wider than long, 2.02x wider than head with eyes, elytra 1.23x wider than pronotum, 1.56 longer than wide.</p><p>Colouration. Body throughout piceous black, opaque, densely covered with black setae. Femora black, genae, tarsi, antennae distally from IV antennomere brownish. Each elytron with two dark yellow maculae, the humeral one on V.–VIII interval overlapping to IX., forming oblique, semicircular-shaped fascia leading posteriorly on inner intervals where spots are shorter, shortest on IV interval, laterally widening and overlapping to elytral margin (in some specimens), or elytral margin often black. Preapical macula rounded, extending from IV to VIII interval leading posteriorly on outer intervals. Because of dilated elytral margin, which is always black near apex, preapical macula seems to be reposed more far from lateral elytral margin than we can see in other species of the group (Plate 7, Figs. 56, 57).</p><p>Head longer, quadrate, labrum and mandibles smooth, glossy, terminal labial palpomere elongately kidneyshaped (in male). Eyes moderately convex. Frons medially weakly raised, distinctly irregularly punctuated, in front of eyes with two longitudinal depressions, lateral in the form of a thin ridge running from the antennal base to anterior margin of eye (supra-antennary ridge), weak at middle and wide from anterior margin of eye to clypeus base, coarsely and irregularly punctured and furrowed. Vertex irregularly punctured and buckled, coming without strangulation into occiput, which is transversely slightly furrowed, and then into neck which is smooth. Antennae whip-shaped, distally not widening nor flattening, overlapping a half of the body length. The basal antennomere (scapus) twice longer than the second, the third twice longer than the first, the fourth one weakly shorter than the first, surface covered with short setae, more setae cumulated at the distal end of the antennomere (Plate 8, Fig. 70).</p><p>Pronotum not too tranverse (length/width ratio 1.43), cordiform; anterior pronotal margin straight, parallel to base in its middle, straight part as long as neck is wide, laterally changing into anterior angles, rounded and distinctly protruded forward, lateral margins towards the center widely curved, maximum width at mid-length, from there narrowing towards base with strong sinuosity, in front of posterior angles mild incisure, posterior angles almost rectangular, posteriorly very weakly prolonged to elytral base, only indistinctly overlapping it. Base weakly concave posteriorly, straight at the center, at the margins up to one fourth indistinctly angled towards elytral humeri without any peduncle. Pronotal disc slightly convex, separated by a weak depression from wide lateral rims which are distinct already from the anterior pronotal margin, the rim posteriorly distinctly widening, elevated upwards along the entire length, the greatest elevation in the basal fourth, then the rim flattening, thus posterior angles jutting out weakly backwards neither upwards, nor to the sides, without being keel-like. Disc and basal impressions grossly and irregularly punctured, less densely and less grossly than frons, elevated lateral pronotal margins punctured grossly as well, the punctuation in the basal fourth distinctly finer, almost smooth near margin. Dorsal surface covered with long black setae (Plate 8, Fig. 70).</p><p>Elytra fused, weakly flat and ovoid, widening posteriorly, maximum width distinctly behind midlength. Disc symmetrically convex without any distinct collar-like depression. Humeri moderately rounded, weakly distinct, elytral base with distinct rim separating elytral base from striae between elytral suture and IV interval, laterally disappearing. Elytra laterally margined with a flattened rim, posteriorly widening, maximum width in the apical fifth, narrowing and towards apex, then dissapearing, regularly punctured anteriorly, punctuation finer posteriorly, disappearing near apex. Striae deep, regularly and finely punctured. Intervals convex, distinctly punctuated in three to four lines, interval surface with fine isodiametric microsculpture inbetween punctuations. Elytra sparsely covered by dark setae, which shorter than those covering pronotum.</p><p>Underside covered with short setae, finely punctured medially, coarsely punctured near margins; metepisterna rhombic, as long as wide. Legs moderately covered with black setae.</p><p>Aedeagus (Plate 13, Fig. 110) is similar to that in C. lemariei n. ssp. (Plate 13, Fig. 109).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The species resembles in the size and shape of its body and in its pronotum C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861) and C. lemariei n. sp., but differs from them at the first sight in the elytral pattern. In the colouration of the elytra it resembles C. ruficroides n. sp. and C. congoanus Kolbe, 1889, but differs from them in the size and shape of its elytra (Plate 8, Figs 70, 71), mostly in the apical part of the elytral margin which is in this species different from all the other species of the C. strachani group. Due to the widening of the flat elytral margin (which remains black) in the posterior third, the orange preapical macula is to be found further from the elytral margin than in other species of the group.</p><p>Etymology. The name reflects the similarity to C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987, species for which the described species has often been mistaken—together with other species C. congoanus Kolbe, 1889 and “ C. gabonicus ” (= C. ruficroides n. sp.).</p><p>Distribution. Central, eastern, littoral Cameroon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFDF511FFF07FB55FEF8F9EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFDC511EFF07F981FD7BF802.text	BD7387D9FFDC511EFF07F981FD7BF802.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus phenax Basilewsky 1987	<div><p>13. Craspedophorus phenax Basilewsky, 1987</p><p>(Plate 6, Figs 52–55, Plate 13, Fig. 108)</p><p>Craspedophorus congoanus Burgeon 1930b: 160 (ex parte). Burgeon 1935b: 180 (ex parte).</p><p>Craspdophorus phenax Basilewsky 1987: 196 (type locality “Zaïre: Tshuapa: Isekomboka sur la Maringa [=Democratic Republic of the Congo: Équateur Province]”). Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 82.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Genit. ♂ [printed]/ 87.042.4 [handwritten in black on yellow label]// Holotypus [printed on red label]// Musée du Congo [printed]/ Isekomboka / riv Maringa / Ghesquiére VIII–27 [handwritten on white label]// Craspedophorus / phenax n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19 [printed on white label]/ [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 20051 [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 6, Fig. 52, MRAC). Paratypes. 1♂: “Paratypus [printed in black on red label]// Kamerun / Musake [(= slopes of Mt. Cameroon, Southwest Region) printed in black]/ 6. X. [handwritten in black] 10 [printed in black]/ E. Hintz [printed in black on white label] Musée du Congo [printed in black]/ Musake (Kamerun) / E. Hintz / Don [handwritten in black] L. Burgeon [printed in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / phenax n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilesky det. 19 [printed in black on white label]” (MRAC); 1♀ same data as previous except: “Sankuru: Komi [printed in black]/ 23–IV [handwritten in black]–1930 [printed in black]/ J. Ghesquière [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 6, Fig. 53, MRAC); 1 Ƌ same data as previous except: “Genit. ♂ [printed in black]/ 87.042.5 [handwritten in black on yellow label]// Coll. Mus. Congo / Lomami: Mwene-Ditu / Doutrelepont [printed in black on white label]”; 1 ♀ same data as previous except: “Musée du Congo [printed in black]/ Kwango / (R.P.H. Vanderyst) [handwritten in black on white label]” (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Cameroon: Centre. 1 Ƌ: “Prov . Centre. Region um Bafia, Umg. Ndjitam, 700m, N 05°22' 5 . O 11°19'1” (cAP). Southwest. 1♀: “Prov. Sud-Quest. Region um Eyumojok, Umg. Ekok, 100m, N 05°48' 5 . O 008°54' 1.” (cAP). West. 1♀: “Prov . Nord-Ouest. Str[asse] zw[ischen] Bafoussam u[nd] Foundam, Umg. Koutaba, 1210m, N 05°09' 5 . O 010°46'4.” (cAP). 1♀: “Prov. Quest. Region um Dschang, Umg. Bafou, 1500m, N 05°28' . O 010°26'.” (Plate 6, Fig. 55, cMH); 1 Ƌ: “Prov. Quest. Region um Dschang, Umg. Fontem, 450m, N 05°28' 3 . O 009°47'5.” (Plate 6, Fig. 54, Plate 13, Fig. 108, cMH).</p><p>Note. This species is based on seven specimens, six collected in two provinces of the DR Congo, one specimen in Cameroon Mountains (1 specimen); holotype labeled “Isekomboka sur la Maringa”. The Maringa, and the Lopori River to the north, join near Basankusu to form the Lulonga River, a tributary of the Congo River. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1987: 196). “Length 17–19 mm. Apterous, elytra strongly fused. Black, mandibles, palps and antennae with articles from IV to XI dark brown; each elytron with two large maculae, shiny orange, with not too serrate margins, somewhat transversal, almost rounded, humeral macula in basal third, reaching from V to VIII interval, although it could exceed to IX interval, never reaching to lateral margin, consists of 5 elongated macular spots, almost equal, except spot on IX interval, which shorter; preapical macula, located in apical fourth, reaching from IV to VIII interval. Body very weakly covered by setae, more markedly in the middle of pronotum and venter. Head elongated, anteriorly and posteriorly smooth, with vertex weakly, and frontal grooves grossly punctured; labrum with anterior margin quite deeply sinuate, and 4 pores, each with one seta. Eyes strongly convex. Labial dent large and wide, rectangular, with anterior margin almost sinuate. Terminal palpar article very long and kidney-shaped. Antennae long and fine, not dilated, reaching to pronotal base by somewhat more than 4 articles. Pronotum fairly transverse, 1.20–1.27 times wider than long, hardly more narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, base somewhat wider than anterior margin, which wider than neck, anterior angles with small lobes, fairly protruded anteriorly, weakly overreaching anterior margin; lateral margins rounded, but not too dilated at midlength, where maximum of width, from where margins strongly sinuate, narrowing almost perpendicularly towards base, each with an excavation, not well marked in front of posterior angle, which well marked, but only fairly protruded; base flat, without any peduncle; disk fairly convex, markedly separated from lateral rims, which widely flattened and strongly elevated posteriorly; basilar tips very long and deeply impressed; surface very finely punctured, not rugate on disk, with small dots, well separated, although more gross and closer near margins, microsculpture very finely transverse-reticular. Elytra very elongated, 1.63–1.7 times longer than wide, very convex, almost ovoid, maximal width at apical third; humeri fairly marked, margins not too distinctly sinuate in front of apex; intervals convex, finely punctured in 2–3 rows, dots well separated, not as well separated where elytral maculae located. Microsculpture net, reticular, almost isodiametrical; striae finely and deeply impressed, somewhat more distinctly punctured. Underside regularly punctured, with dots fine, shallow, and rarely spaced, venter more rugate near margins, with three setose points in the middle. Metepisterna anteriorly somewhat shorter than wide. Legs long. This species belongs to C. strachani species group and resembles C. congoanus Kolbe, 1889, which was partially confused with it by Burgeon (1930: 160, partim). It differs [from C. congoanus] in its statue, narrower and more elongated, in its elytra more convex, with more acuminated apex. Pronotum also more finely punctured in C. phenax, less convex, with lateral margins more regularly rounded anteriorly, lateral angles less distinct, posteriorly more sinuate, excavation in front of posterior angle shallower; elytral intervals more convex, more weakly and rarely punctured; elytral maculae more yellow and somewhat smaller; metepisterna longer and not transverse. Aedeagi quite similar (Fig 2c, d in Basilewsky 1987: 190 [here Plate 13, Figs 108, 109). C. congoanus occurs in wide areal of central and western Zaïre, but absents in eastern part of the country (…) C. phenax seems to occur in areal less large.” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Central, western, southwestern Cameroon; Democratic Congo: Bandundu, Équateur, Kasaï- Oriental Provinces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFDC511EFF07F981FD7BF802	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFDA5118FF07FF45FE5AFBD3.text	BD7387D9FFDA5118FF07FF45FE5AFBD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus ruficroides subsp. ruficroides Häckel 2017	<div><p>14a. Craspedophorus ruficroides ruficroides n. sp.</p><p>(Plate 6, Figs 44–45, Plate 8, Fig. 71, Plate 13, Fig. 106)</p><p>Isotarsus ruficrus Laferté-Sénectere, 1851: 221 (type locality “ Guinea ”). Eudema ruficrum Gemminger and Harold 1868: 209 . Craspedophorus ruficrus Alluaud 1930: 2 (nec. Chaudoir). Basilewsky 1963: 383, Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83.</p><p>Type locality. “ Nimba (Guinée)”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Comp. typ. / Basilewsky [printed in black on red circumscribed label]// Camp des / Cyathea [handwritten in black on white label]// Nimba (Guinée) / Lamotte / 23–28–II–1957 [printed in black on blue label]// Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr. / (don M. Lamotte) / Coll. P. Basilewsky [printed in black on white label]// Crasp. / ruficrus Chaud. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19 [printed on white label]” (Plate 6, Fig. 44, Plate 8, Fig. 71, Plate 13, Fig. 106, NMPC). Paratypes. 1♂,2♀ same labeled as holotype except: “Nimba, 1000m ”, 1♀ same labeled except: “Nimba, Camp des Cyathea, 1000 m, 1♂,1♀ same labeled except: “Nimba”, 1 ♀ same labeled except: “Nimba, Yalanzou”, 1♀: same labeled except “Nimba, Kéoulenta” (Plate 6, Fig. 45, MRAC, cMH).</p><p>Note. Laferté-Sénectere (1851) described C. ruficrus very briefly, in a manner applicable to the entire species group (“Première division”). Description (in part, see key to species in LaFerté-Sénectere 1851: 220): “Grande taille (de 10 à 28 millimètres). Antennes plus longues que la moitié du corps, atténuées vers ľextrémité; le troisième article plus que du double du deuxième. Les pattes entièrement noires”. Its sections (1851: 220 a-bbb) are devoted to differential diagnosis and the shape of the pronotum, and characterize C. ruficrus as follows: “(aa) pronotum not convex, margins more-or-less elevated, (bb) transverse, not too annular, with sinuate margins, (cc) without constriction at base (peduncle)” [from French]. As the country of origin is given “ Guinea ” (1851: 221). However, the MNHN lectotype selected by Chaudoir (1861: 340) in my opinion belongs to a species different from that inhabiting Guinea (see discussion). The valid name therefore becomes C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861) with the type locality “ Gabon “. Laferté’s name and description cannot be applied to any taxon and must be treated as a nomen dubium (Article 11.5.2 of the Code)]. The Guinea species (although it may comply with Laferté’s vague description) must be redescribed under a new name and holotype designation. I have selected a specimen in Basilewsky’s collection that agrees with both the original Laferté’s description and Basilewsky’s opinion. A suitable candidate for holotype of the new species is Basilewsky’s male specimen from Mt. Nimba (comparated with the type, Basilewsky 1963: 383).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 19.4 mm, width 8.1 mm. Proportions: Pronotum 1.44x wider than long, 2.01x wider than head with eyes, elytra 1.21x wider than pronotum, 1.50x longer than wide.</p><p>Colouration. Body throughout piceous black, opaque, densely covered with black setae. Femora black, genae, tarsi, antennae and mandibles brownish. Each elytron with two yellow-red maculae, humeral macula slightly transverse, semicircular, reaching from V to IX interval, overlapping to IV., elytral margin black. Preapical macula quadrate, reaching from V to VIII interval.</p><p>Head subquadrate, labrum and mandibles smooth, glossy, terminal labial palpomere prolonged, kidney-shaped (male). Eyes weakly convex. Frons flat, only a small glossy protuberance behind labium weakly elevated. Surface softly, densely punctured without grooves, in front of eyes with two longitudinal depressions, lateral in the form of a deep and wide ridge running from the clypeus to eyes mid-length (supra-antennary ridge), wider than in other species, medial wider, shallow, almost indistinct, running from clypeus base to the anterior margin of eye, softly and densely punctured as the frontal center. Vertex punctured somewhat more sparsely without furrows, occiput and neck punctured as well, without strangulation. Antennae whip-shaped, distally not widening nor flattening, reaching almost up to the half of elytral length. The basal antennomere (scapus) twice longer than the second, the third twice longer than the first, the fourth one only weakly shorter than the first, surface densely covered with short setae, longer setae cumulated at the distal end of the antennomere.</p><p>Pronotum not too tranverse 1.44x wider than long, cordiform; anterior margin straight, as long as head with eyes is wide, parallel to base in its middle, straight part as long as neck is wide, laterally changing to anterior angles, weakly rounded and distinctly protruded forward, lateral margins widely curved, narrowing towards base with a distinct sinuosity, maximum width behind mid-length, in front of posterior angles mild incisure, posterior angles rectangular, posteriorly weakly protruded to elytral base. Base straight at the center, at the margins up to one fourth indistinctly angled towards elytral humeri without any peduncle. Pronotal disc convex, separated by a shallow depression from wide lateral rims which are distinct already from the anterior pronotal margin, the rim posteriorly distinctly widening, elevated upwards along the entire length, the greatest elevation in its basal fourth, then the rim flattening, thus posterior angles jutting out weakly upwards, neither backwards nor to the sides, without being keel-like. Disc and basal impressions grossly, densely and regularly punctured, as the frons, elevated lateral pronotal margins distinctly more glabrous than disc, sparsely and softly punctured, almost smooth posteriorly. Dorsal surface covered with long black setae.</p><p>Elytra fused, moderately convex, less ovoid, almost parallel-sided, weakly widening to midlength, then narrowing, maximum width in midlength. Disc moderately symmetrically convex with indistinct collar-like basal depression. Humeri distinct, weakly rounded without bevelling, elytral base with distinct rim separating elytral base from striae between scutellum and VI interval, laterally disappearing. Elytra margined with a narrow rim, regularly and softly punctured longwise, without widening. Striae deep, strial punctuation very soft and regular. Intervals convex, densely punctured in four to five lines. Intervals with soft distinct isodiametric microsculpure among punctuation. Elytra sparsely covered with dark setae which are shorter than those covering the pronotum (Plate 6, Figs 44, 45).</p><p>Underside covered with short setae, finely punctured medially, coarsely punctured near margins; metepisterna rhombic, as long as wide. Legs moderately covered with black setae.</p><p>Aedeagus (Plate 13, Fig. 106) is similar to that in C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987 and C. congoanus Kolbe, 1883 (Plate 13, Figs 108, 109).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The species mostly resembles C. congoanus Kolbe, 1889 in its size, in the shape of its body and its pronotum, differing from it in its elytra, especially in elytral shape and sculpure. In C. ruficroides n. sp. elytra wider and less widening posteriorly, head punctuated more densely, neck distinctly punctuated (in C. congoanus neck is smooth), elytral intervals more densely punctuated as well ( in C. ruficroides punctuation in four to six lines, in C. congoanus in three to four lines). The species also resembles C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987, differing from it in the same characters and in the elytral colouration as well.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to Laferte's original taxon with insufficient description ( C. ruficrus) here considered nomen dubium.</p><p>Distribution. Guinea, Ivory Coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFDA5118FF07FF45FE5AFBD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFDB5118FF07FB55FEE0F95C.text	BD7387D9FFDB5118FF07FB55FEE0F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus ruficroides subsp. thomsoni Häckel 2017	<div><p>14b. Craspedophorus ruficroides thomsoni new subspecies</p><p>(Plate 6, Fig. 46–48, Plate 13, Fig. 107)</p><p>Type locality. “ Cameroun [= Cameroon]”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “ Cameroun / G. Schwab [handwritten in black on white label]// Lolodorf [handwritten in black on white label]// Museum of / Comparative / Zoology [printed in black on white label]//? Gabonicus / Thoms. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det. 19[printed in black]86[handwritten in black on white label]// Coll. Mus . Congo / Col. P. Basilewsky, 19 [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 6, Fig. 48, MRAC). Paratypes. 1♂: “RCA [ Sangha-Mbaéré prefecture], Ndoki NP , Lac 1 / 02°28'51.0N 016°13'04.5E 26.- 28.I.2012, Exp. / Sangha 2012 P.Moretto leg” (Plate 6, Fig. 47, cMH); 1♀: “C Africa C-Cameroun / Region centre / Yaoundé env . V–1991 ex coll. Moretto ” (Plate 6, Fig. 47, cMH). 1♀: “ Gabon / Bas-Ogoué [= Ogooué-Maritime Province]”; 1♂: [= Ogooué-Ivindo Province] Ivindo ” ; 1♀: “[Moyen-Ogooué Province] Lambaréné ” (MRAC).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 20.6 mm, width 8.2 mm. Head and pronotum same as in C. ruficroides ruficroides, body somewhat larger (20.4–22.2 mm), elytra weakly more prolonged with humeral macula longer anteroposteriorly (Plate 6, Figs 44–48). Aedeagi seem to be very similar (Plate 13, Figs 106, 107).</p><p>Distribution. Central Africa, Cameroon, Gabon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFDB5118FF07FB55FEE0F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFDB511BFF07F8D3FFB4F95A.text	BD7387D9FFDB511BFF07F8D3FFB4F95A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus ruficrus (Chaudoir 1861) Häckel 2017	<div><p>15. Craspedophorus ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861)</p><p>(Plate 7, Fig. 59a, b, Plate 8, Fig. 67a, Plate 9, Fig. 67b)</p><p>Epicosmus ruficrus Chaudoir 1861: 340 (nec. Laferté-Sénectere 1851) (type locality “Gabon”). Craspedophorus ruficrus Chaudoir 1879: 94 . Alluaud 1930: 2.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (♀) of Craspedophorus ruficrus established by Chaudoir 1861: 342): “♀ [handwritten in black on white upper pinned label]// Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed in red on white second upper pinned label]// Type [printed in black on red lowest pinned label]”/// pinned in the series labelled: “ ruficrus / Laferté / Gabon / Coll. Laferté [handwritten in black on white box label in Chaudoir's Collection]” (Plate 7, Fig. 59a, MNHN). Paratypes 1♀: “Biafra [=Guinea Equatorial, Litoral Province]/ Cabo S. Juan / VII-1901 Escalera [printed in black on white label]// Muséum Paris / Coll. Ch. Alluaud [printed in black on blue label]// Cr. ruficrus Laf. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black]54[handwritten in black on white label]” (Plate 7, Fig.59b, MNHN). 1♀: “Gabon français”; 1♀: “Batanga Cameroun [Cameroon, South, Grand Batanga]” (MRAC).</p><p>Note. The lectotype of this species was originally established by Chaudoir (1861) for Laferte's insufficiently described species from Guinea (Laferté-Sénectere 1851: 220). But Chaudoir´s lectotype was not collected in Guinea. It is labeled “Gabon” and hitherto no other record of this species is known from Far West Africa. Including Chaudoir's lectotype all records of this species are known from territories near Gabon (Equatorial Guinea). Laferte's taxon remains nomen dubium, Basilewsky´s series of specimens collected in Guinea needs new name and description ( C. ruficroides n. sp.), as well as its new holotype. Chaudoir surely described another new species using Laferte's name. He dedicated it to Gabon and redescribed the species (1861: 340). “This species differs in ferruginous colouration of the mouthparts, palpi, antennae and legs except femora, which are brownish, similarly as [C.] grossus [Hope, 1842], but differs from it in its distinctly lesser body, its frons more grossly punctured and in its pronotum, which is punctured less densely, with anterior angles less protruded anteriorly and more rounded, lateral margins more angulated and more sinuated posteriorly, in its elytra which are less convex and more glossily with intervals less convex and less punctuated. Later Chaudoir enlarged his description (1879: 94). “Length 17 mm, width 7.75 mm. Head equal as in [C.] grossus (Hope, 1842), slightly more punctured. Pronotum longer than in C. tetrastigma, although less longer than wide, weakly resembles that in C. grossus [(Hope, 1842)], but more markedly sinuate at midlength and more narrowing towards base; posterior angles similar to those in C. grossus, base somewhat more excavated; surface not more strongly punctured, punctuation less dense on lateral rims. Elytra similarly shaped and sized as in C. grossus, but less convex, striae equally impressed; intervals similarly convex, but less punctured and more shiny. Antennae also slender; legs fine, somewhat less long. Elytral coloration similar, except elytral fasciae, which yellowish-orange, darker, as in C. tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850); humeral macula reaching from V stria [=VI interval] to IX stria, almost as long as wide and prolonged towards humerus; preapical macula, compounds of three macular spots, the intermediate spot markedly longer than two others, internal spot very small; labrum and mandibles red, labrum brownish posteriorly in the middle, mandibles near base; palps, antennae, genae, crura, and tarsi ferruginous, basal antennal articles darker, femora brownish. Venter smooth in the middle of fourth terminal segments, more grossly punctured near margins; epipleura smooth and glossy, crenulation of central segments anteriorly finer, but distinct. I suppose it belongs to the group, described by Mr. de Laferté, deposed in my collection” [from French]. The female specimen collected in Equatorial Guinea (Biafra, Cabo San Juan), deposed in MNHN and labeled by Basilewsky as “ C. ruficrus Laf. ” in 1954 seems to be also conspecific with Chaudoir´s C. ruficrus (Plate 7, Fig. 59b). I have found other specimens of this species in Basilewsky´s Collection in MRAC. They were labeled miscellaneously, mostly erroneously as C. glaber Bates, 1886 . At first sight C. ruficrus differs from C. glaber in its larger, more elongated statue and its elytral colouration with reduced humeral macula, twice shorter anteroposteriorly (Plate 7, Figs 61, 62). There were other specimens of the same species found in Basilewsky´s Collection, differently labeled as “ C. gabonicus? Thomson ”, i. e. with the name here considered nomen dubium. C. ruficrus distinctly differs from sympatrically living C. ruficroides thomsoni n. ssp. in its elytral colouration, in its size and its body shape. Most similar to C. ruficrus seems to be sympatrically living C. lemariei n. sp. (Plate 7, Fig. 58) differing from Chaudoir´s species in distinctly different elytral sculpture (Plate 9, Fig. 68b), in C. ruficrus elytra are glabrous as in C. glaber (Plate 9, Fig. 61c).</p><p>Distribution. South-western Cameroon, Gabon, Guinea Equatorial.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFDB511BFF07F8D3FFB4F95A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD8511AFF07F8CDFF45F86E.text	BD7387D9FFD8511AFF07F8CDFF45F86E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus strachani subsp. strachani (Hope 1842) strachani (Hope 1842	<div><p>16a. Craspedophorus strachani strachani (Hope, 1842)</p><p>(Plate 1, Figs 1–4, Plate 4, Fig. 32)</p><p>Panagaeus strachani Hope, 1842: 94 (type locality “Sierra Leona”). Eudema strachani Gemminger and Harold 1868: 209 . Craspedophorus strachani strachani Burgeon 1930b: 158, 1935b: 180, Basilewsky 1954: 247, 1968: 93, Lorenz 2005: 321. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83.</p><p>Isotarsus westermanni Laferté-Sénectere, 1851: 221 . (type locality “Guinea”). Epicosmus westermanni Chaudoir, 1861: 340 .</p><p>Eudema westermanni Gemminger and Harold 1868: 210 . Craspedophorus westermanni Chaudoir 1879: 93 . Basilewsky 1987: 2000 syn. nov.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): labeled “ Strachani / Hope S. L // S. L. [handwritten in black on white labels]// Type [printed in black] Col: 93 / Panagaeus / strachani / Hope [handwritten in black]/ Hope Dept. Oxford [printed in black on white label]// Type / Hope [printed in black] / Anna. Nat. Hist / 10. 1842 / P. 94 [handwritten in black]/ Coll. Hope Oxon. [printed in black on white label]// (Plate 1, Fig. 3, Plate 4, Fig. 32, OUMNH).</p><p>1♂ (lectotype of Isotarsus westermanni LaFerté-Sénectere, 1851 established by Chaudoir 1861: 342): “ Westermanni mihi / in Guinea D. Westermann [handwritten in black on blue upper pinned label]// ♂ [handwritten in black on white second upper pinned label]// Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed in red on white third upper pinned label]// Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [printed in black on blue lower pinned label]// Type [printed in black on red lowest pinned label]”/// pinned first from left in the series labeled: “ Westermanni / Laferté / Guinée / C. Dejean [handwritten in black on white box label in Chaudoir's Collection]” (Plate 1, Fig. 4, MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. 1 (unknown sex): “ W. Afr. [handwritten]// Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed]// Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [printed]”, 1♂ “ Cape Coast / Castle [handwritten]// Ex Musaeo / Mniszech [printed]// Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [printed]/// pinned second and third from left in the same series in Chaudoir's Collection (MNHN). Ivory Coast. 3♂, 2♀: “ Dimbroko [= Dimbokro, Lacs District, N'Zi Region]” (MNHN, MRAC) ; 1♀: “André, Bongouanou [Moronou Region]” (MRAC). Sierra Leone. 1♂, 1♀: “ Sierra Leone ” (Plate 1, Figs 1, 2, BMNH) ; 2♀: “ Mts. Loma ” (MRAC) ; 2♂, 1♀: “ Rhobomp ” (MRAC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a single specimen of Hope Collection deposed in OUMNH and located by Hope to “ Sierra Leona ”. Description (in part, see Hope 1842: 94). “Length 9.5 points, width 3.5 points. Black, antennae with black setae. Pronotum almost hexagonal, anterior angles rounded, posterior abrupted and truncate, disc strongly excavated and punctured, elytra somewhat elongated, striated, punctured, with four yellow maculae, irregularly marginated, body and legs black. Hab. In Sierra Leona ” [from Latin]. “This remarkable species is named after my friend Strachan, some years a resident in the above colony... In the above species each of the four spots cover five interstitial spaces”.</p><p>Laferté-Sénectere added in his brief key to species for Isotarsus westermanni (1851: 221) . “(Prémiére division): larger species. Antennae longer than midlength of the body, distal attenuated, III article twice than the second. Legs black; (aa) pronotum not convex, margins moreless elevated, (bb) transverse, not too annular, with sinuate margins, (cc) without strangulation at base (peduncle)” [from French]. Chaudoir added (1861: 340). “Specimens collected by Westermann in Guinea are deposed in Dejean´s Collection. They differ from [C.] grossus (Hope?) Murray in their head which is narrower and more punctuated, in their eyes, more convex, in their pronotum, more transverse with anterior angles less protruded, posterior angles more densely opened, and in their elytral colouration with maculae larger, also antennae and palps are darker.” [from French]. This brief description was later supplemented by Chaudoir (1879: 93). “Length 20–21 mm, width 8–9 mm. It resembles tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850), but markedly differs from it. Pronotum less narrowing towards base, with lateral margins less rounded; disc less grossly punctured, base less sinuate near each margin and peduncle, more regularly arcuate excavated, each posterior angle less indentated on its top, however similar is the marginal concavity in front of it. Elytra equally shaped [as in C. tetrastigma], throughout also more deeply striated, but striae more finely punctured, intervals as well convex, more finely and densely punctured, covered by shorter setae. Colouration not too equal; humeral fascia more irregularly marginated, serrate, reaching from IV to VIII stria, the external interval only weakly touched, in contrary to preapical macula, with margins very serrate, which compounds of five spots between III and VIII stria, spots on V and VII intervals markedly prolonged as more anteriorly, as more posteriorly in comparison to three other spots, spot on IV interval very short. One specimen, I have, is Laferte's type [ Panagaeus westermanni] from Dejean's collection, who placed its origin to Guinea; second specimen, although slightly larger, does not differ from the type, coming from the sellout of Edwin Brown's collection, with its origin in West Africa. The holotype of P. strachani, which I have seen in Hope's collection in Oxford, seems belonging to the same species, and if the description is not as insufficient, it must be named according to priority. Labeled Cape Palmas” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD8511AFF07F8CDFF45F86E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD65115FF07FF45F804FDDC.text	BD7387D9FFD65115FF07FF45F804FDDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus strachani subsp. bamendanus Häckel 2017	<div><p>16b. Craspedophorus strachani bamendanus n. ssp.</p><p>(Plate 2, Figs 10, 11, Plate 12, Fig. 94)</p><p>Type locality. “Bamenda, Cameroun, Nord-Ouest [= Cameroon, Northwest]”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “ Cameroun. Province du / Nord-Ouest. Bamenda. / 17. IV. 2009 ” (Plate 2, Fig. 10, Plate 12, Fig. 94, NMPC). Paratype: 1♀ same labeled as holotype (Plate 2, Fig. 11, cDM).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 22.5 mm, width 8.8 mm. Head and pronotum same as in C. strachani strachani, elytra weakly more prolonged and flatter, elytral colouration distinctly different with maculae darker, humeral macula more transverse, more regularly bordered (less denticulated), wider—reaching from IV to VIII interval, resembling that in C. tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850) . Aedeagus seems the same as in other subspecies of C. strachani (Plate 12, Figs. 91–94).</p><p>Distribution. Northwestern Cameroon, known only from the type lokality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD65115FF07FF45F804FDDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD65114FF07FD53FF5BF907.text	BD7387D9FFD65114FF07FD53FF5BF907.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus strachani subsp. grossus (Hope 1842)	<div><p>16c. Craspedophorus strachani grossus (Hope, 1842)</p><p>(Plate 1, Fig. 5–6, Plate 12, Fig. 92)</p><p>Panagaeus grossus Hope, 1842: 92 (type locality “Ashantee country [=central Ghana, Togo]”). Schaum 1853: 434. Epicosmus grossus Chaudoir 1861: 340 . Eudema grossum Gemminger and Harold 1868: 209 . Craspedophorus grossus Murray 1857: 122 . Chaudoir 1878: 93, Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81 [with erroneous type locality]. Panagaeus grandis Imhoff, 1843: 166 (type locality “Bergland Aquapim [= northern Ghana, Togo]”). Schaum 1853: 434 syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined. Benin. 1♂, 2♀: “[Plateau Department] Iro de Pobé ” (cMH, cRK) . Ghana. 1♀: “Gold Coast / Ex Musaeo H.W.Bates, 1892” (Plate 1, Fig. 5, MNHN); 4♂: “Ashanti, Collect. Plason (NMWC); 3♂, 1♀: “ Kumasi (Ashanti region)” (MRAC, cDM, specimen in MRAC labeled as C. westermanni by Basilewsky 1954); 1♂, 1♀: “ Kibi ” (cDM); 1 ♀: “[ Volta Region] Togo Amedzowe. Collect. Plason ” (NMWC) . Nigeria: Cross River State. 1 ♀: “ Calabar ” (NMPC) . Togo. 1♂: “ Region du Centre n o Yégué, Katchénke 081151 N 004059E” (cIB); 1 ♀: “[Plateaux region] Ahlon ” (cMH); 1♂, 1♀: “ Bassapé ” (cIB); 1 ♀: “ Kpalimé. Danyi-Dzogbégan ” (cMH); 1♂: “ Mt. Kloto ” (cIB); 1♂: “ Prov. Kloto ” (cPS); 1♂, 1♀: “w of Kpalimé, Missahoe forest ”; 2♂: “sw of Kpalimé, Volove ” (Plate 1, Fig. 6, Plate 12, Fig. 92, cMH).</p><p>Examined specimens of transitional populations ( C. strachani grossus trans ad C. s. monardi Basilewsky, 1951): 1♀ labeled by golden disc: “Afr. Collect. Plason [gold disc in Plason's Collection= West Africa]” (NMWC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a single specimen of Hope Collection deposed in OUMNH and located by Hope to “Ashantee country”. The Ashanti (or Asante) Empire (or Confederacy), also Asanteman (1701–1957), was a West Africa sovereign state, currently a part of Ghana and Togo. The type of Panagaeus grossus was not found in OUMNH. Description (in part, see Hope 1842: 94). “Length 11 points, width 4.5 points. Black, antennae black, pronotum almost hexagonal-shaped, anterior angles rounded, posterior almost rectangular, truncate, disk fairly convex, lateral margins fairly depressed and rimmed, elytra striated, punctured, with four maculae, small and red, body and legs black” [from Latin]. “The above insect was lately received from the Ashantee country, and was sent to me by Capt. Parry of Cheltenham for description... Various new types of form have also lately reached me from the country of the Ashantees as well as the Gold Coast ...” Description of P. grandis (in part, see Imhoff (1843: 168). “10.5 points long. Pronotum laterally rounded with a wide rim, widening and elevating posteriorly. Black, elytra finely punctured and striated, each with two yellow maculae near lateral margin [from Latin]. Very similar to Cychrus reflexus F. Body black, largely covered by setae. Head dorsally finely furrowed, laterally with a long ridge behind eyes, frons smooth, third antennomere as long as the first one and the third one together. Pronotum as long as wide in its maximal width, its surface with fine and partially coalescent punctuation, moderately convex in its middle, with a long furrow near each lateral margin and basilar impression which is not too distinct, lateral margins narrowing anteriorly and posteriorly, each narrowly rimmed anteriorly, the rim widening and rounding posteriorly then merging into a wide elevated and flattened margin, distinctly separated from the disc, wider posteriorly, somewhere more elevated; anterior angles moderately bevelled, bluntly rounded, posterior angles weakly elevated with a small incisure in front of base; base almost straight, only weakly and roundly protruded posteriorly between the middle and the hind angle. Elytra finely punctuated, striated, each with two yellow-red maculae, humeral one reaching from IV stria to VIII, preapical one running medially to one interval more, but only as a short spot” [from German]. Murray noted (1857: 122). “I believe this species to be, as above stated, the grossus of Hope. His description, as is usual with him, is more concise than we could have wished; and I shall therefore add a somewhat more detailed description, although the admirable figure by M. Migneaux Annals (1857), 2nd serie, vol. XIX, plate 13., fig. 8 [here Plate 1, Fig. 6a], which the reader will find in my last plate of Old Calabar species, renders any additional description scarcely necessary. Black. The head is impunctate, but finely rugose between the antennae, with an elongate fovea on each side, in which the rugosities almost take the appearance of punctures. The antennae are black and piceous towards the apex. The clypeus is smooth and elevated in the middle. The thorax may rather be described as truncate-cordate than as hexagonal, but as both the anterior and posterior portions of the lateral margins are somewhat straight, either expression may be used without being inconsistent with the truth; it is faintly and not very closely punctured, sparingly pilose, the margins reflexed, the dorsal line distinct, but reaching neither to the front nor the base; a deep longitudinal fovea is on each side of it at the base; the base is truncate, a broad space in the middle projecting very slightly backwards; the anterior angles are narrow, and project a little, and are rounded; the posterior angles are right-angled, and have the usual excised tooth. The scutellum is small and impunctate, and has the sides gently curved. The elytra are convex and obovate, pilose or pubescent, deeply punctate-striate, the punctures faint; the interstices are convex and finely punctate; the spots are red, with a tinge of vermilion; the anterior occupies four interstitial spaces (the V., VI, VII and VIII), and also the marginal space; but the raised margin itself (which is prominent) is not coloured; the posterior spot occupies the same striae, but not the marginal space; the spots are of the same texture as the rest of the elytra, and are not raised. The marginal space might be called the last interstitial space, as it is broad and raised like the rest, but in addition to the fine punctuation found in the interstitial spaces, it has a series of larger pits of various sizes, with a raised point in their middle. The hairs are piceous, except on the red spots, where they also are red; they are red on the under side of the body, which is sparsely punctured on the presternum, breast, and sides of the segments of the abdomen (their middle portion being slightly aciculated). The tarsi are piceous.” Chaudoir added (1861: 340). “Specimens in my collection refered as Epicosmus [= Craspedophorus] grossus Hope ? ( Panagaeus) well match with Murray's description [1857: 122], but their elytral maculae are less distinct, humeral one consisting of four spots very short anteroposteriorly, reaching from V to VIII interval, preapical one consisting of three similarly small spots reaching from V to VII interval; pronotum narrower than that in Migneaux's drawing [Plate 1, Fig. 6a] and base is only weakly protruded posteriorly in contrast to that described by Murray [see in precedent part, written in italics], this basal protrusion is not seen in the drawing, so maybe it does not exist. I received these specimens from Deyrolle, they originate from Guinea ” [from French]. Later Chaudoir corrected (1879: 94). “Length 22, width 8.5 mm. It is more elongated and less convex than [C.] tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850) . Head larger, frons and vertex with transverse groove, less deeply impressed. Pronotum also longer than in [C.] westermanni, wider, lateral margins anteriorly less rounded, less arcuate at midlength, posteriorly fairly obliqued towards base, but not sinuate, more rectangular; base trimmed away and slightly sinuate (as in westermanni); each hind angle more indentated on its top than in the last one [ Epicosmus = Craspedophorus westermanni], and similarly as it, with a small incisura in front of the angle. Elytra more ovoid and elongated, humeri more rounded, less visible; elytral margins less arcuate at midlength; dorsum less convex; striae less deep impressed, similarly punctuation; intervals somewhat less convex, equally finely and quite densely punctured. Antennae more slender and less grossly covered by setae; legs longer and more slender. Elytral colouration equal [as in E. westermanni], but maculae are lemon yellow-coloured; each macula consists of four macular spots on intervals V to VIII, with serrate margins, as well anteriorly and posteriorly; spots are distinctly shorter in my two specimens than in the others, and preapical macula with spot on VIII interval, almost reduced; palps brownish, as well as eight distal antennal articles, each only slightly browny marginally. Two specimens, one from Gold Coast and second one from Guinea ” [from French].</p><p>Ditribution. Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD65114FF07FD53FF5BF907	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD75117FF07F8E9FE5BFCDF.text	BD7387D9FFD75117FF07F8E9FE5BFCDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus strachani subsp. monardi Basilewsky 1951	<div><p>16d. Craspedophorus strachani monardi Basilewsky, 1951</p><p>(Plate 1, Figs 7–9, Plate 12, Fig. 93)</p><p>Craspedophorus strachani monardi Basilewsky, 1951a: 385 (type locality “Cameroun: Ngaouyanga [=Cameroon, North]”), 1951b: 206. Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83.</p><p>Type material. Paratypes. 3♂,2♀: “Paratypus [printed in black on red label]/ Ngaouyanga / juillet [printed in black on white label]// Miss. Sci. Suisse / Caméroun 1947 [handwritten in black on white label]// Coll. Mus. Congo / Col. P. Basilewsky [printed in black on white label], 1♀ same labeled except “ Craspedophorus / Strachani Hope / s. monardi . m. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det. [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 1, Figs 8, 9, MRAC); 1♂,1♀ same labeled except “Sakdje / Aout [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 1, Fig. 7, Plate 12, Fig. 93, MRAC, NMPC).</p><p>Note. This subspecies is based on 23 specimens, collected in northern Cameroon . Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1951a: 385): “Specimens, collected by Dr. Monard, differ from typical form of West Africa, and from specimens, collected in northern Belgian Congo, in their elytra less convex and in their different elytral colouration, with lemon yellow maculae, which are more shiny and distinctly longer. [In C. s. monardi] humeral macula consists of seven macular spots, distinctly elongating from III to IX interval, spot on III interval very short, spot on IX interval mostly elongated moreless posteriorly; preapical macula consists of six spots, reaching from III to VIII interval, spot on III interval very short, spot on VI interval markedly shorted anteriorly. In two specimens humeral maculae, each with macular spot on IX interval prolonged almost as posterior as spots of preapical macula are located (Plate 1, Fig. 7). Also in one specimen from Ngaouyanga both maculae on each elytron jointed, forming one wide longitudinal band from III to IX interval anteriorly and from III to VIII interval posteriorly, distinctly narrower on intervals IV to IX; this band is symmetrical on each elytron, creating bizarre aspect in this genus” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Northern Cameroon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD75117FF07F8E9FE5BFCDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD45116FF07FC5CFED2F805.text	BD7387D9FFD45116FF07FC5CFED2F805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus tetrastigma subsp. tetrastigma (Chaudoir 1850) tetrastigma (Chaudoir 1850	<div><p>17a. Craspedophorus tetrastigma tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850)</p><p>(Plate 3, Figs 18–19, Plate 12, Fig. 96)</p><p>Epicosmus tetrastigma Chaudoir, 1850: 417 (type locality “ Guinée et Sénégal [= Guinea, Senegal]”). Schaum 1853: 435, Chaudoir 1861: 339. Eudema tetrastigma Gemminger and Harold 1868: 210 . Craspedophorus tetrastigma Chaudoir 1879: 91 . Lorenz 2005: 321. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83.</p><p>Isotarsus sinuaticollis Laferté-Sénectere 1851: 221 (type locality “Guin. Lusit. [=Guinea Bissau]”). Panagaeus sinuatocollis Chaudoir 1861: 339 [in error] syn nov.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (♂), established by Chaudoir (1879: 91): “ SinuatÏcollis / Guin. Lusit. [handwritten in black on blue upper pinned label]// ♂ [handwritten in black on white second upper pinned label]// Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed in red on white third upper pinned label]// Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [printed in black on blue lower pinned label]// Type [printed in black on red lowest pinned label]”/// pinned first from left in first row of the series labelled: “ tetrastigma / Chaud. / Sénégal / 48. Buquet [handwritten in black on white box label in Chaudoir's Collection]” (Plate 3, Fig. 18, MNHN) . Paralectotypes. 1♂: “Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed in red on white upper pinned label]// Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [printed in black on blue lower pinned label]”; 1 (unknown sex): “Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir [printed in red on white upper pinned label]// Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [printed in black on blue lower pinned label]”/// pinned second and third from left in first row of the same series in Chaudoir's Collection (MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. Guinea. 1♂ labeled as compared type by Basilewsky: “ Beyla ” (Plate 12, Fig. 96, NMPC) . 1♂, 1♀ labeled as C. strachani (Hope) by Basilewsky: “Beyla” (cJB). Senegal. 1♀: “ Sénégambie // Ex Musaeo / Mniszech // Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952” (Plate 3, Fig. 19, Chaudoir's Collection, MNHN) .</p><p>Note. The species was firstly based on several specimens in Buquet‘s collection. Description (in part, see Chaudoir 1850 /1: 417). “Length 10 points [= 20 mm]. This nice insect is distinctly different from Panagoeus regalis (Gory, 1833) ( grandis Buquet). It differs in its somewhat smaller statue. Head less elongated, less protruded and not narrowing behind eyes; frontal grooves less deeply impressed, less grossly punctured; palps and antennae more slender, antennae less long, intermediate articles less compressed and dilated. Pronotum with anterior margin less sinuate; base almost flat; very weakly excavated near each lateral margin and posterior angle, which markedly more distinct, also not too obtuse and foregone by more distinct excavation towards angle; lateral rim elevated equally [as in C. regalis], but herewith less convex in its posterior half; sagittal line more distinct; dorsum less grossly chagrined, more punctured; more finelly punctured laterally, on the convex part of lateral rim. Elytra strongly shorter, more ovoid; elytral margins more rounded as well as humeri, not dilated laterally; disk less convex, more covered by setae mainly anteriorly; striae less strongly punctured; intervals as well more weakly and sparsely punctured. Underside as well less punctured, mainly near prosternal margins and ventrally. Elytra as well ornate with four large maculae, but yellow colour of each macula is ligther, more as lemon, maculae less tranverse, humeral macula closer to base and elevated to humerus; preapical not narrowing laterally. I have compared two specimens of this species with two of Panagaeus regalis and consider these differences constant. It occurs in Guinea and Senegal. I am due to Mr. Buquet” [from French]. LaFerté-Sénectere added a brief key to species, for his new species Isotarsus sinuaticollis he noted (1851: 221). “(Prémiére division): larger species. Antennae longer than midlength of the body, distal attenuated, 3rd article twice than the second. Legs black; (aa) pronotum not convex, margins moreless elevated, (bb) transverse, not too annular, with sinuate margins, (cc) without strangulation at base (peduncle)” [translated from the French original]. Chaudoir (1861: 339) announces that he acquired three specimens from Bocandé's collection (i. e. described by LaFerté-Sénectere, 1851 as Isotarsus sinuaticollis coming from Portuguese territories on the northern coast of Guinea Bay, labeled by Laferté „Gui. Lusit.“). Chaudoir synonymizes Laferté‘s taxon with his species Epicosmus tetrastigma, the name [ sinuatocollis] is wrongly typed in the text. Chaudoir later expands Laferté‘s brief description and establishes his lectotypes from this series. (Chaudoir 1879: 91). “Length 20–21 mm, width 8.5 mm. Head about one third longer than ist frontal width before eyes, which strongly convex; frons chagrined and punctured, weakly depressed beside each margin; epistoma smooth, weakly convex, with impressions very arcuate towards base, near each margin; frons and vertex with transversal depression, distinctly visible, rugate, rugosity cumulated anteriorly on vertex, vertical base smooth. Pronotum twice or less wider than head, less long than wide, but not too transverse, hexagonal-shaped, with equal width of both sides, less enlarged at midlength, maximal width not at midlength, anterior margin less sinuate, anterior angles not removed from neck, weakly protruded, but widely rounded; lateral margins strongly rounded, mainly at midlength, from where sinuate posteriorly, longly, quite distinctly; with a small indentation in front of posterior angles, each with a dent, small, obtuse; base sinuate near each peduncular margin, and turned posteriorly to hind angles; dorsum quite grossly, not densely punctured; disk weakly convex, separated from lateral rims by a wide gutter, which more farther from margins posteriorly; lateral rims elevated, mainly posteriorly, but visible also along anterior half of lateral margin, although very fine here, and however long, very weakly marked; less grossly punctured than disk; sagittal line distinctly but finely impressed, almost reaching anterior margin, but oblitered towards base, because of longitudinal basal impression, excavated near each margin, open to lateral gutter; each point with a seta, quite long, inclined posteriorly. Elytra almost twice wider than pronotum, ovoid, longer by half than wide, quite obtuse near basal margins, quite distinctly descending from peduncle in flat line towards humerus, which however marked, is always very rounded; lateral margins quite regular from humeri towards apex, quite sinuate before apex, which weakly obtuse; dorsum regularly convex (distinctly less than in C. bifasciatus Fabr. = tomentosus Dejean), striae quite deeply impressed, quite grossly and not densely punctured, punctuation in narrow line, not ranging intervals; these convex, densely covered by setae, setal cover more dense on internal intervals; first stria diverged near base and fall in the second; rudimentary prescutellum quite long, along scutellum and basal part of suture; IX interval with a continual rank of umbilic points, which distributed somewhat irregularly, more at the middle than near margins; lateral rim wide, elevated longwise; prolonged near base to peduncle, quite trenchant. Head beneath smooth; pronotal epipleura wide, almost smooth, excavated in a gutter, ist bottom more similar to episterma than external margin; prosternum throughout grossly punctured and covered by long setae, two other parts of sternum punctured and covered by setae, episterna punctured as well as prosternum. Venter punctured and quite densely covered by setae, with punctuation gross, similar to that on episterna, diffused on two anterior segments, and near margins of the two rest segments, where it is rare; elytral epipleura punctured and weakly covered by setae. Fully black, glossily, terminal parts of palpar articles and setae, covering legs, ferruginous; each elytron with two large orange-yellowish maculae as in C. nobilis (Boheman, 1848); humeral macula reaching from IX to more or less II stria [III interval], creates a wide fascia, sligthly serrate, weakly oblique and arcuate; preapical macula reaching from VIII to II stria [III interval], creates a fascia, little obliqued posteriorly to lateral margin, compounds of six macular spots of eaqual length, except spot on VII interval, prolonged weakly to apex, creating a small dent; anterior macular margin is not distinctly serrate. I have three specimens from Senegal and Senegambia Portuguese (Boccandé); in one specimen both elytral maculae (however this genus never is varying in elytral colouration) are more red than in two others, which undoubtedly, is an effect of alcohol or other chemicals” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD45116FF07FC5CFED2F805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD25111FF07FF45F8C1F832.text	BD7387D9FFD25111FF07FF45F8C1F832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus tetrastigma subsp. milzi (Duvivier 1891) Häckel 2017	<div><p>17b. Craspedophorus tetrastigma milzi Duvivier, 1891 new status</p><p>(Plate 3, Figs 24–27; Plate 4, Fig. 30, Plate 12, Fig. 99)</p><p>Craspdophorus milzi Duvivier, 1891: ccclxxvi (type locality “Djabir-Bandja [=Bondo (Bakongo), Orientale (Bas-Uele) Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo]”). Basilewsky 1987: 195, Lorenz 2005: 321. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 82 [with erroneous locality].</p><p>Craspedophorus strachani milzi Basilewsky 1951b: 206 .</p><p>Eudema (ou Craspedophorus) strachani var. nov . depressus Alluaud, 1929: 89 (type locality “Bas-Uelé [=Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo]”). Craspedophorus strachani depressus (? milzi) Burgeon 1930b: 158. Craspedophorus strachani milzi (depressus) Burgeon 1935b: 180. Craspedophorus strachani depressus Lorenz 2005: 321 . Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83. syn. nov.</p><p>Type material. 1♀ labeled as holotype Craspedophorus strachani depressus Alluaud, 1929: “ Strachani / v. depressus / Type Alluaud [handwritten in black]/ Alluaud, det. 192 [printed in red on white red circumscribed label]// R. dét. [printed in black]/ W [handwritten in black]/ 1454 [printed in black on white label]// depressus / Alld. / (= Milz i / Duv.) [handwritten in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / strachani-depressus [handwritten in black] dét. Ch. Alluaud 1927 [printed in black on white label]// [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 20052 [printed on white label]” (Plate 3, Fig. 25, MRAC). 1♂ labeled as paratype C. s. depressus Alluaud, 1929: “région du Bas- Uelé / 7–18 nov. 1925 / Prince Léopold [printed in black on white label]// Don du / Musée royal / de Belgique [handwritten in black on white label]// ex Typis [printed in red on white label]// depressus [handwritten in black on white label]// Muséum Paris / Coll. Ch. Alluaud [printed in black on blue label]// Craspedophorus / strachanidepressus [handwritten in black] dét. Ch. Alluaud 1927 [printed in black on white label] (Plate 3, Fig. 26, Plate 4, Fig. 30, MNHN), 1♂ same labeled except: “Paratype [printed in black on red label] (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Central African Republic. 1 Ƌ: “Yalinga /( Oubangui) [Haute Kotto Prefecture]” / G.Le Testu // cf. Milzi Duv. / t. Burgeon // Muséum Paris / Coll. Ch. Alluaud ” (Plate 3, Fig. 24, MNHN) . DR Congo: Équateur. 1♂: “Région Lisala”; 1♀: “Ubangi: Molegbwe”; 1♀: “ M'Paka (terr. Libenge)” (MRAC) . Orientale. 1♂: “Ibembo, Congo Belge ” (NMPC); 2♂, 2♀: “Bas-Uelé: Buta” (Plate 3, Fig. 27, Plate 12, Fig. 99, MRAC, cMH)”; 1♂: “Uele: Lakulu”; 2♀: “Uele: Monga” (MRAC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on specimens labeled “Djabir-Bandja”. Bondo (Djabir) is a place on Uele River with a very small population in the region of Orientale, DR Congo. I have not seen the type deposited in Brussels, my opinions are based on the profound examination by Burgeon (1930b: 158) and Basilewsky (1951b: 206). Description (in part, see Duvivier 1891: ccclxxvi). “Length 19 mm, width 8 mm. Black, glossy, almost parallelsided; pronotum quite similar to that in C. tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850), but rugate, punctured, lateral margins posteriorly more elevated (wider at midlength), more narrowing anteriorly; elytra almost parallel-sided, moderately flattened, black, glossy, punctured, striated, intervals rugate, punctured, each with two red maculae; humeral macula near base, with margin, obliqued anteriorly, reaching from III to VII interval, limited to anterior third, preapical macula near apex, with anterior margin in its apical third, hind margin obliqued posteriorly, reaching from IV to VIII interval, with small macular spot on III interval, maculae not regularly marginated, except anterior margin in humeral macula, which is almost flat. Body and legs black” [from French]. Later C. strachani depressus Alluaud, 1929, was based on three specimens collected in Bas-Uele District, Orientale Province, DR Congo. Description (in part, see Alluaud 1929: 89). “...represent one well distinct subspecies (I do not establish one new different species, I prefer to treat it as a variant of C. strachani). Body less convex posteriorly, markedly depressed on disc; yellow humeral maculae with more equalised spots, maculae often more serrate, because of mostly denticulated posterior margins; preapical maculae, without more equalised spots, but as well more serrate. Elytral margins moderately more rounded, creating more ovoid back of the body, less distinctly anteriorly as well as posteriorly” [from French]. Basilewsky added (1951b: 206). “ C. Strachani Hope is a rather variable species, yet I do not hesitate to separate this series of specimens which, as stated above, are quite similar to one another because of a certain variation in colourization which distinguishes west African from central African specimens at first sight. On the other hand, constant differences between true Strachani from West Africa and Milzi Duvivier (= depressus Alluaud) race from the North of Congo are not significant, yet present in all Congoan specimens. Therefore I consider all specimens from the French Congo and from the North of The Belgian Congo one subspecies ssp. Milzi, not greatly different from true Strachani ” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Central African Republic, Democratic Congo: Équateur, Orientale Provinces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD25111FF07FF45F8C1F832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD35110FF07FC57FF02FA54.text	BD7387D9FFD35110FF07FC57FF02FA54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus tetrastigma (Chaudoir 1850)	<div><p>17d. Craspedophorus tetrastigma ssp.</p><p>Craspedophorus strachani ssp... Burgeon 1930b: 158 (type loc. “Kunungu [=Mai-Ndombé (formerly Bandundu) Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo]”). Craspedophorus strachani, 1935b: 180 (ex parte).</p><p>Note. This population has never been described as subspecies. Burgeon (1930b: 158) refers two specimens from Kunungu (Mai-Ndombe, DR Congo) from the collection of Dr. Schouteden, 1921. “Two rather damaged specimens of greater body, resembling the previous [subspecies C. t. milzi (Duvivier, 1891)]. Bourgeon mentions those taxa once again (1935b: 180) and classes them as C. strachani (Hope, 1842) and adds a short description: “Two specimens from Kunungu are larger than C. [s.] strachani, pronotum posteriorly narrowing and ventrites not crenulated” [from French]. I have not found those specimens in MRAC and both descriptions by Burgeon are rather brief. I do not dare present the taxon as a separate species, it is referred to as a subspecies. In my opinion, this population seems to be more similar to C. tetrastigma than to C. strachani because of its wider pronotum, more narrowing posteriorly, and also because of distributional area geographically closer to those of other subspecies of C. tetrastigma . Maybe it represents a separate species because of its ventrites with anterior margin without crenulation, similar as in C. latipennis (Burgeon, 1930) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD35110FF07FC57FF02FA54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD35110FF07FF45FF99FCD0.text	BD7387D9FFD35110FF07FF45FF99FCD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus tetrastigma subsp. morettoi Häckel 2017	<div><p>17c. Craspedophorus tetrastigma morettoi new subspecies</p><p>(Plate 3, Figs 20–23, Plate 12, Figs 97, 98)</p><p>Type locality “ Touba, Biemasso / Dolla [= Ivory Coast]”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype. 1♂: “[w Africa w-] Ivory Coast / Touba. Biemasso / Dolla / IV-2002 / lgt. P. Moretto ” (Plate 3, Fig. 20, Plate 12, Fig. 97, NMPC) . Paratypes. 2♂, 1♀ same labeled as holotype (Plate 3, Fig. 21, cMH, cPS); 1♂: “ Ashanti ” (NMPC) ; 2♂, 1♀: “[w Africa e-] Ivory Coast / Comoé [NP], Zamou / [13-28.] XI.2014 / lgt. loc. coll.&gt; P. Moretto ” (Plate 3, Fig. 23, Plate 12, Fig. 98, cMH, cPS); 1♂: “ Koutiala / Soudan Francais [= Mali]/ P. Gavard 1933 [printed in blue on white label]// Coll. Mus . Congo / Col. P. Basilewsky [printed in black on white label]// ap. / tetrastigma / Chd [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det. 195[printed in black on white label]” (Plate 3, Fig. 22, MRAC) ; 1 ♀: “ Nigeria [Kaduna State] Kafanchan / 780m. 9°4'57 N 8°37' 26E / 27.VII.2006 . Leg. Léonard” (cMH).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 21.4 mm, width 9.1 mm. Head, pronotum and statue the same as in C. tetrastigma tetrastigma, the main difference is in its elytral colouration, in the shape of elytral maculae particularly, humeral macula narrowing medially, laterally widening into the shape of an equilateral triangle, or semicircular (in eastern populations) with its straight margin parallel to elytral margin (humeral macula in C. t. tetrastigma does not narrow medially, forming almost a rectangular fascia (Plate 3, Figs 18–23). Aedeagus is very similar to that in other subspecies of C. tetrastigma or C. strachani (Plate 12, Figs. 91–93, 96–99).</p><p>Distribution. Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria: Kaduna State.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD35110FF07FF45FF99FCD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD35113FF07F991FFFDFAD7.text	BD7387D9FFD35113FF07F991FFFDFAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus kaboboanus Basilewsky 1987	<div><p>18. Craspedophorus kaboboanus Basilewsky, 1987</p><p>(Plate 10, Figs 81, 82, Plate 14, Fig. 113)</p><p>Craspedophorus kaboboanus Basilewsky, 1987: 191 (type locality “Zaïre: Mont Kabobo, terr. ďAlbertville, Haute Kiymbi, 1850 m [=Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo]”). Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♀): “♀ [printed in black on white label]”// Holotypus [printed in black on red label]// Biot. N o 45 / Humus / en forêt [printed in black on yellow label]// I.R.S.A.C.-Mus. Congo / Mont Kabobo terr. Albert- / ville, Hte Kiymbi 1850 m. / B. 45 N. Leleup X–1958 [printed in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / kaboboanus n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19 [printed in black on white label]// [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 20047 [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 10, Fig. 82, MRAC). Paratype. 1♀ same labeled as holotype except HT label and datamatrix (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. DR Congo: Katanga. 1♀: “Ntetette” (MRAC) . Tanzania: Kigoma. 4♂, 3♀: “Tanganyika. Mahali Peninsula. Ujamba, 6.500 ft.” (Plate 10, Fig. 81, Plate 14, Fig. 113, BMNH, cMH).</p><p>Note. The species is based on two females collected on the hillsides of Mt. Kabobo, Kalemie Territory, Katanga Province, Democratic Congo. Kalemie, formerly Albertville or Albertstad, is a town on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The town is next to the outflow of the Lukuga River from Lake Tanganyika to the Lualaba River. The area of LaLuama-Katanga-Mount Kabobo belongs to Important Bird Areas, the site is part of the mountain range to the west of the northern half of Lake Tanganyika in eastern DR Congo, between the towns of Fizi and Kalemie. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1987: 191). “Length 19–20 mm. Apterous species, with fused elytra. Black, mandibles and palps somewhat brighter, antennae lighter distally from fourth article; each elytron with two large clear yellow maculae, which are ovoid, not serrate; humeral macula, located in basal third of elytra, prolonged fairly to humerus, compounds of three prolonged macular spots, reaching from VI to VIII interval; preapical macula smaller, located in apical fourth, consists of three spots on the same intervals. Body on both sides covered by very short and light setae. Head large but quite short, grossly punctured, mainly near frontal sulci, labrum sinuate anteriorly, its anterior margin with four setae. Eyes strongly convex, temples very short. Terminal palpomere very long and kidney-shaped. Mental process large and wide, weakly sinuate anteriorly. Antennae long and slender, not dilated, reaching to pronotal base by IV antennomere. Pronotum not too transverse, 1.35–1.40 times wider than long, maximum width at midlength, somewhat more narrowing anteriorly than posteriorly, anterior angles rounded, weakly lobed, and protruded anteriorly, lateral margins regularly rounded anteriorly, then weakly sinuate, narrowing towards posterior angles, which rounded without indentation, without preceding incision; base flat without peduncle, equaly weakly concave; disc convex, quite markedly separated from lateral rims, which almost complet, strongly elevated posteriorly and widely flattened; surface grossly sculptured, deeply and grossly punctured, points aggregated, often coalescent; basilar tips deeply impressed, semilunar-shaped; microsculpture very weakly marked. Elytra convex and strongly elongated, quite narrow, almost ovoid, 1.48–1.50 times longer than wide; humeri rounded but moderately distinct; weakly sinuated before apex, intervals convex, quite grossly and regularly punctured in one row, dubbled by small points, elytral maculae weakly punctured, VI interval strongly obliqued on the level of humeral macula, more weakly on the level of preapical macula; microsculpture weakly marked, striae deeply impressed, narrow and very fine, finely and diffusely punctured. This new species belongs to the C. muata species group. It resembles C. simplicicollis Burgeon, 1930, but markedly differs in its larger statue, head wider, pronotum distinctly more transverse, more densely sculptured, elytral colouration with yellow maculae larger and more elongated, not transversal, intervals more densely sculptured, VI interval strongly obliqued on the level of humeral macula, underside less densely punctured and metepisterna less transverse...” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Democratic Congo: Katanga Province; Tanzania: Kigoma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD35113FF07F991FFFDFAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD05112FF07FA59F840FDDA.text	BD7387D9FFD05112FF07FA59F840FDDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus magnicollis subsp. magnicollis (Quedenfeldt 1883) magnicollis (Quedenfeldt 1883	<div><p>19a. Craspedophorus magnicollis magnicollis (Quedenfeldt, 1883)</p><p>(Plate 11, Figs 83–85, Plate 14, Fig. 118a)</p><p>Eudema magnicolle Quedenfeldt, 1883: 260 . (type locality “Malange [=Malanje Province, Angola]”). Epigraphus magnicollis ? Burgeon 1930b: 162, 1935a: 387. Basilewsky 1953a: 177. Ferreira 1963: 504. Craspedophorus magnicollis Basilewsky 1967b: 130, 1987: 192 . Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83.</p><p>Material examined. Angola: Huila. 1♀: “ 57 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.47111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.148055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.47111/lat -14.148055)">Caconda</a>, 15°22'55”E 13°26'19”S ” (Plate 11, Fig. 85, cMH); 1♀: “ 3.5 km sw Negola, 14°28'16”E 14°08'53”S ” (cPS) . DR Congo: Katanga. 8♂, 9♀ labeled as C. magnicollis (Quedenfeldt) by Basilewsky (1987: 192): “ Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]” (Plate 11, Figs 83, 84, Plate 14, Fig. 118a); 3♂, 3♀: “ Jadotville [= Likasi]”; 2♂, 2♀: “ Mura ”; 1♀: “riv. Nyendulu” (MRAC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a single specimen labeled “Malange”. Malanje (also Malange) is the capital city of Malanje Province in northern Angola. Description (in part, see Quedenfeldt 1883: 260). “Length 13 mm. It resembles previous species [= C. fuscicornis (Kolbe, 1883)] but pronotum differently shaped, large, wider than long by a half, maximum width ad midlength, base widely rimmed, surface throughout punctured, rugate, posterior angles each with a small dent on its top; elytra ovoid, longer than wide by a half, striated, punctured, each elytron ornated by one large macula near humerus and one smaller macula in front of apex; basal antennomeres black, distal brownish; prosternum finely carinated near each margin; body covered by yellow setae on both sides.</p><p>Malange“ [from Latin]. “It markedly differs from the other species of the group because of its pronotum, very large in proportion to its elytra; rather than pronotal width, almost equal as the width of elytral base, it differs by its pronotal length, which greater and lateral margins, strongly rounded anteriorly. Both similar species, E. amplicollis (Schaum, 1863), or previous species [= C. fuscicornis (Kolbe, 1883)], with pronotum twice wider than long, less rounded anteriorly. Furthermore pronotum with maximum width exactly at midlength in C. magnicollis, lateral margins posteriorly weakly protruded laterally, in front of posterior angles, each preceded by a small incision; surface strongly an densely punctured, not rugate, lateral rims widely flattened and elevated mainly posteriorly, depressed near each posterior angle; disc with sagittal line and with basilar pits near each lateral margin, elongated from base to pronotal midlength; elytral maculae are rounded, without serrate margins, humeral macula larger than preapical one” [from German]. I have not seen the holotype, my conclusions are based on Burgeon‘s and Basilewsky‘s comparative determination.</p><p>Distribution. Angola: Huila, Malanje Provinces; DR Congo: Katanga Province.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD05112FF07FA59F840FDDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFD15112FF07FD58F86FF809.text	BD7387D9FFD15112FF07FD58F86FF809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus magnicollis subsp. discrepans Basilewsky 1987	<div><p>19b. Craspedophorus magnicollis discrepans Basilewsky, 1987</p><p>(Plate 11, Figs 86, 87, Plate 14, Figs 116, 118b)</p><p>Epigraphus magnicollis Burgeon 1935a: 387 (ex parte).</p><p>Craspedophorus magnicollis discrepans Basilewsky 1987: 192 (type locality “entre Mbuye-Bata et Katongo [=Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo”]). Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 82 [all data with error, correctly Mbuye-bala and Katongo rivers junction].</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Genit. ♂ [printed]/ 87.042.1 [handwritten in black on yellow label]// Holotypus [printed in black on red label]// [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 20030 [printed in black on white label]// Congo Belge. P.N.U / Entre. r. Mbuye-bala et r. Katongo / 1750 m -autour mare sêchée / 27.IX.1948 -1865a [printed in black on white label]// Coll. Mus. Congo / (Don I.P.N.C.B.) / Coll. Basilewsky [printed in black on white label]// Cr. magnicollis / discrepans n. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black on white label]” (Plate 11, Fig. 86, Plate 14, Fig. 118b, MRAC). Paratypes: 37 ♂♀ labeled same as holotype without holotype label and datamatrix, and: “Lulua: Sandoa / F.G.Overlaet / II-1932 ”; “Kafakumba / F.G.Overlaet / XII-1931 ”; “P.N.U. Riv. Mbuye-bala / Miss. de Witte / III-—1948 ”; “Kabwe sur Muye / Miss. de Witte / IV-V–1948”; same except “Katongo / IX-1948 ”; “Kabwekanono / IV-1949 ”; “Kamamulenga / III-1947 ”; “riv. Mubale / V-1947 ”; “riv. Lusinga / VI-1945 ”; same except “ III-1947 ”; “Masombwe / IX-1948 ”; “riv. Kamatshira / VII–1945 ”; N. Rhodesia / Abercorn / H.J.Brédo / XII-1942 ”; same except “ VII-1944 ”; same except: “R. Casters / X-XII 1946” (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Zambia. 1♂: “N Rhodesia, Abercorn [= Northern Province: Mbala]” (Plate 11, Fig. 87, Plate 14, Fig. 116, cMH).</p><p>Note. This subspecies is based on 39 specimens collected in southern provinces of the DR Congo, concretely in Kasaï-Occidental (three specimens) and in Katanga (36 specimens), and three specimens, collected in northern Zambia, the holotype labeled “entre rivers Mbuye-bala et r. Katongo”. Plateau around Mbuye-Bala (or Buye-Bala) stream, of 1750 m altitude, is located in Upemba National Park, a large national park in Katanga Province of the southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1987: 192). “This species occurs in wide areal of Angola and Congo with a definite clinal variability. Nominotypical subspecies, C. m. magnicollis (Quedenfeldt, 1883), was based on specimens from central Angola (recently Malanje Province), and recorded in Kalukembe (Huila Province) by Burgeon (1935a: 387) and south-easterly of Lobito (Benguela Province) by dr. Monard. It is mainly characterised by elytral colouration with humeral elytral maculae very large, reaching from III to IX interval, prolonged very close to base and reaching to midlength of its elytra. Some similar specimens were quite frequently collected also in extreme South-West of Shaba (Jadotville, Elisabethville regions [= Likasi, Lubumbashi, Katanga Province, DR Congo]).” In the Lulua River and Upemba regions occurs a particularly different form of C. magnicollis, wich differs from previous subspecies by elytral colouration with maculae, distinctly smaller, humeral macula reaching hardly to basal third of the elytron. This difference is constantly present by all specimens I have seen and that is why I consider it different subspecies, denominated C. magnicollis discrepans ssp. nov . Burgeon (1935a: 387) anticipated any difference between specimen from Kalukembe [(Huila, Angola) and the single specimen from Sandoa [(Katanga, DRC). Three specimens from Abercorn (Zambia), wich is located not too far from Upemba, seems to be equal with this subspecies” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. DR Congo: Kasaï-Occidental, Katanga Provinces; northern Zambia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFD15112FF07FD58F86FF809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFEE512DFF07FF45FF31FC07.text	BD7387D9FFEE512DFF07FF45FF31FC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus magnicollis subsp. inquilinus Basilewsky 1987	<div><p>19c. Craspedophorus magnicollis inquilinus Basilewsky, 1987</p><p>(Plate 11, Figs 88–90, Plate 14, Fig. 117, 118c)</p><p>Craspedophorus magnicollis inquilinus Basilewsky 1987: 193 (type locality “Mayidi, Bas-Zaïre [=Bas-Congo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo]”). Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 82.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Genit. ♂ [printed]/ 87.042.2 [handwritten in black on yellow label]// Holotypus [printed in black on red label]// Coll. Mus. Congo / Mayidi / 1942 / Rév. P. Van Eyen [printed in black on white label]// Cr. magnicollis / inquilinus n. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black on white label]// [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 2049 [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 11, Fig. 88), MRAC). Paratypes: 3♂, 5♀ labeled same as holotype except holotype label and datamatrix (Plate 11, Figs 89, 90, Plate 14, Fig. 117, 118c, MRAC).</p><p>Note. This subspecies is based on nine specimens labeled “Mayidi, Bas-Zaïre”. Mayidi is a place with a very small population in the province of Bas-Congo, (formerly known as Kongo Central and then Bas-Zaïre), one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1987: 193). “Finally, I have seen at eye a small series of specimens, collected in Bas-Zaïre, similar to the previous form, differing from it in its body size, which smaller (10.5–12 mm contrary to 14–16 mm in C. m. discrepans), in its differently-shaped pronotum with margins less rounded anteriorly, surface, more rugate, in its elytra which narrower and somewhat less ovoid, colouration, with elytral maculae smaller, less transversal and more squared, its intervals, more densely and more grossly punctured. Because of a suite, constantly different, and isolated geographical area of occuring, I consider it a new subspecies, denominated C. magnicollis inguilinus ssp. nov . Aedeagi of three cited subspecies differ very weakly [Plate 14, Figs 116–118] in its apex differently shaped in dorsal view” (see Basilewsky 1987: 198).</p><p>Distribution. Democratic Congo: Bas-Congo Province.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFEE512DFF07FF45FF31FC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFEE512CFF07FBE9FEADFC67.text	BD7387D9FFEE512CFF07FBE9FEADFC67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus montivagus Basilewsky 1976	<div><p>20. Craspedophorus montivagus Basilewsky, 1976</p><p>(Plate 10, Figs 79, 80, Plate 14, Fig. 112)</p><p>Craspedophorus montivagus Basilewsky, 1976: 713 (type locality “Chenzema, 1700 m.[=Uluguru Mts., Morogoro, Tanzania]”). Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 82.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “Holotypus [printed in black on red label]// Tanzanie: Mts Uluguru / Chenzema, alt. 1700 m. / 2-22/VII/71 [printed in black on white label]// Coll. Mus. Tervuren / Mission Mts Uluguru / L. Berger / N. Leleup / J. Debecker V/ VIII/71 [printed in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / montivagus n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black]76 [handwritten in black on white label]// [DataMatrix] RMCA Ent / 0 0 0 0 2048 [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 10, Fig. 79, MRAC). Paratypes. 3♂♀ labeled same as holotype without holotype label and datamatrix (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Tanzania: Morogoro. 1♂: “ Tegetero, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.72111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.9175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.72111/lat -6.9175)">Uluguru Mounatins</a>, S06°55'03”, E37°43'16”, 1100 m ” (Plate 10, Fig. 80, Plate 14, Fig. 112, cMH) . Tanga. 1♂: “ Mt. Usambara, 1800 m ” (MRAC) .</p><p>Note. This species is based on 5 specimens, collected in Uluguru mountains, Morogoro Region, east-central Tanzania, holotype labeled “Chenzema, 1700 m ”. Uluguru South Forest Reserve is a Forest located near Chenzema town. Description (in part, see Basilewsky 1976: 713). “Length 16–16.5 mm. Apterous, elytra fused. Dorsum black, glossy, each elytron with two yellow maculae, humeral macula elongated with quite short spot on VIII interval, often accompanied by a spot on VII interval, posterior macula somewhat shorter, located on the same interval; underside black as well as legs, tarsi darkish brown, as well as palps, mandibulae, and three proximal antennal articles, distal articles black. Head moderately wide and medium-elongated, posteriorly weakly strangulated; eyes moderately, but markedly convex; frons punctured in the middle and weakly transversely rugate, margins strongly and grossly punctured, the whole posterior part rugate transversely; labrum and clypeus smooth, not punctured. Labrum anteriorly concave and sinuate. Mandibles short and wide, very flexed. Labium very wide, with epilobes, well marked, mental dent wide, truncated anteriorly, deeply incised in the middle; labium with two rounded depressions posteriorly, deeply impressed. Palps with terminal article very dilated, securiform. Antennae long and slender, reaching to pronotal base somewhat more than by third article, third antennomere longer than the second one, all articles very elongated. Pronotum markedly transverse, length/width ratio 1.49–1.51, maximal width somewhat behind midlength, disc very moderately convex, lateral rims strongly and widely flattened, not elevated; anterior margin flat, anterior angles very widely rounded, not protruded anteriorly; margins markedly arcuate anteriorly, narrowing and weakly sinuate posteriorly, with a small incisura in front of each posterior angle, which is opened and rounded; base weakly convex; sagittal line narrowly, but deeply impressed; lateral rims well distinct in two anterior thirds, obsolete posteriorly; basilar pits comma-shaped and quite long; surface quite strongly punctured, less grossly and densely in the middle; interspaces with microsculpture, very fine and irregular. Posterior pronotal pore located on margin near the incisura before posterior angles. Elytra almost ovoid, 1.52–1.54 times longer than wide, maximal width at midlength, very convex laterally, but less on disk; humeri rounded and weakly marked; striae deeply impressed and finely punctured; intervals convex, covered by setose points on each strial margin and the other points, located on the proper interval, more irregularly and weakly densely disposed, microsculpture similar to that in pronotum, but more strongly impressed. Underside less glossily than dorsum, quite finely punctured in the middle, more grossly near margins; prosternal apophyse lanced at inflect point, not rimmed; metepisterna partially short and transverse. Ventral segments not crenulated anteriorly. It resembles C. congoanus Kolbe, 1889 from Central Africa in its general aspect and its metepisterna, very short. It differs in characters, as follows: smaller statue; elytral colouration with maculae distinctly reduced, eyes smaller; pronotum quite differently shaped, more transverse, not cordiform, lateral rims not as elevated as those in C. congoanus, but simply depressed and markedly less narrowed posteriorly, base weakly concave and not flat; elytral intervals more convex, less densely, but somewhat more strongly punctured, metepisterna also shorter and more transverse in C. montivagus ” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Tanzania: Morogoro, Tanga.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFEE512CFF07FBE9FEADFC67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFEF512FFF07FC09FFECFDDA.text	BD7387D9FFEF512FFF07FC09FFECFDDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus muata (Harold 1879)	<div><p>21. Craspedophorus muata (Harold, 1879)</p><p>(Plate 10, Figs 73–75, Plate 14, Fig. 115)</p><p>Eudema muata Harold, 1879: 20 (type locality “Innern der Lunda-Reich [=north-eastern Angola, northwestern Zambia]”). Craspedophorus muata Burgeon 1935a: 387 . Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80.</p><p>Craspedophorus gabonicus Chaudoir 1879: 95 (nec. Thomson) (type locality “ Gabon ”).</p><p>Compared and type material. 1♂: “Comp. typ. / Basilewsky [printed in black on red circumscribed label]// Musée du Congo [printed in black]/ Angola: Bimbi / - X - 1932 {don Monard} [handwritten in black on white label]// Mus. Berlin / IX. 54 [handwritten in black on red label]// Craspedophorus / muata Harold / P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black] 54[handwritten in black on white label]// Bimbi / Oct. 1932 [printed in black on white label]// Angola / Miss. sc. Suisse / 1928–1929 [printed in black and lined through by hand in black]” (Plate 10, Fig. 73, MRAC).</p><p>1♂ (lectotype of “ C. gabonicus ” established by Chaudoir 1861: 342): “ Gabon [handwritten in black on upper white pinned label]// Ex Musaeo / Mniszech [printed in black on lower white pinned label]”/// “ Gabonicus / Chaudoir / Thomson? [handwritten in black on white box label in Chaudoir's Collection]” (Plate 10, Fig. 75, MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. Angola. 1♂: “Ex Musaeo H.W.Bates, 1892” (MNHN). Cabinda. 1♀: “Cabinda” (MRAC). Cuanza Sul. 1♀: “Calulo” (MRAC). Huila. 1♂: “ 30 km n Cacula” (Plate 10, Fig. 74, cPS). Malanje. 1♂: “Bimbi / oct 1932 // Angola / Miss. sc. Suisse / 1932–1933 // Museum Paris / Coll. Ch. Alluaud // Verisim / Eudema / muata / Har.” (Plate 14, Fig. 115, NMPC); 1♂ same labeled (MRAC).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a single specimen, labeled “Innern der Lunda-Reich”. The Kingdom of Lunda (c. 1665–1887), was a pre-colonial African confederation of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, northeastern Angola and northwestern Zambia. Description (in part, see Harold 1879: 20). “Length 19 mm. Black, pronotum semicircular-shaped, elytra ovoid, each with two yellow maculae, humeral macula near base, posterior macula before apex” [from Latin]. “Black weakly glossy, each elytron with two yellow maculae, one before apex, second near base, almost squared, elongated externally, medially with a small residual spot on III interval. Pronotum rounded, but weakly wider than long, posteriorly narrowing directly, margins regularly rounded, lateral rims widely flattened and elevated, mostly near each posterior angle, which weakly indentated; surface grossly punctured, rugate. Elytra regularly ovoid, deeply striated, intervals convex, finely and densely punctured, almost squamous. Legs and antennae black, prosternum and venter grossly punctured laterally. At eye it resembles C. nobilis (Boheman, 1848), mainly because of yellow humeral macula, located as well very close to base. But humeral macula covers all adjacent elytral margin in C. nobilis [in contrary to that in C. muata, reaching farthest to VII interval], furthermore body more convex and pronotum, markedly smaller, resembles that in the genus Tefflus . If we consider these morphological characters so important for relationships in panageites, we have to find similarly shaped body between the other species of the genus [ Craspedophorus], and we find C. pretiosus (Chaudoir, 1837) as the most relative species. Anyway, pronotum is markedly wider than long in C. pretiosus, posterior angles, each indentated by a small incision, preceded by marked convexity of lateral margins. Also humeral macula located more behind base, reaching from IV to VIII interval only. Furthermore elytra punctured markedly less densely in C. pretiosus ” [from German]. I have not seen the type, my conclusions are based on the Basilewsky’s compared type in his collection in MRAC.</p><p>Distribution. Angola: Caninda, Cuanza Sul, Huila, Malanje Provinces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFEF512FFF07FC09FFECFDDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFEC512EFF07FD4DFE98FF1E.text	BD7387D9FFEC512EFF07FD4DFE98FF1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus simplicicollis Burgeon 1930	<div><p>22. Craspedophorus simplicicollis Burgeon, 1930</p><p>(Plate 10, Figs 76–78, Plate 14, Fig. 114)</p><p>Craspedophorus simplicicollis Burgeon, 1930a: 295 (type loc. “ Nyassaland (Nyika Mts.; 6000-7000ft; N° 97- 152) [= Malawi]”). Basilewsky 1987: 192, Lorenz 2005: 321, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 83.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♀). “Type [printed in black on white red bordered rounded label]// Nyika Mts. [printed in black, underlined in blue]/ 6000-7000ft. / July 1896 [printed in black on white label]// Nyasaland. [printed in black, underlined in blue]/ A. Whyte. / 97-152. [printed in black on white label]// Craspedophorus / simplicicollis n. sp. [handwritten in black]/ Burgeon L. 1930 det: [printed in black on white label] (Plate 10, Fig. 76, BMNH). Paratype. 1♀ same labeled as holotype except type label and: “ Craspedophorus / simplicicollis / co-type Burg. [handwritten in black on white label]// intervalles plans / et lisses / je ne vois pas de / crénelure abdom. [handwritten in black on white label]” (MNHN).</p><p>Compared material. 1♂,1♀: “Comp. typ. / Basilewsky [printed in black on red circumscribed label]// Nyika Mts. [printed in black, underlined in blue]/ 6000-7000ft. / July 1896 [printed in black on white label]// Nyasaland. [printed in black, underlined in blue]/ A. Whyte. / 97-152. [printed in black on white label] (MRAC).</p><p>Additional material examined. Malawi. 4♂, 3♀: “ North Malawi, Lichenya Plateau, Mt. Mulange ” (MRAC) ; 1♂: “N Malawi, Mughese Ft., Misuku Hills ” . Tanzania: Mbeya. 1♂, 1♀: “ Mt. Rungwe, Rungwe-forest, Umg. Katumba, S 09°102' O 033°391', 1850 m ” (Plate 10, Figs 77, 78, Plate 14, Fig. 115, cMH).</p><p>Note. This species is based on a specimen, labeled “ Nyassaland, Nyika Mts.”, recently Nyika Mountains in the Nyika National Park, Malawi. Description (in part, see Burgeon, 1930a: 295). “Length 19 mm, width 7 mm. ...Apterous. Black, weakly glossy, elytra with four yellow maculae. Head markedly shorter than that in C. strachani (Hope, 1842), wide, resembles that in Epigraphus arcuatocollis (Murray, 1857); vertex smooth and separated from frons by a curved line, frons elevated medially and strongly punctured, occiput and neck more finely punctured, punctuation coalescent, forming a series of small furrows transversal, antennae long and slender. Pronotum almost as wide as long, its four angles obtuse, widely rounded, base strongly sinuate, somewhat narrower than anterior margin, which weakly sinuate. Lateral margins curved arcuate without any sinus towards base or indentation before posterior angles, enlarging near midlength, rimmed by lamina very weakly elevate; with one strongly impressed basilar tip near each posterior angle open to widely impressed furrow anteriorly, rimming each margin; sagittal line deeply impressed, surface throughout grossly and not coalescently punctured, covered by red setae; each margin with one long seta near midlength and second one in front of posterior angle markedly differ from the others covering surface. Elytra elongated, ovoid, humeri marked, but slant, striae not punctured; margins rounded, finely punctured, covered by setae; one yellow macula near humerus, short, reaching from VI to VIII interval, irregularly bordered, elongating externally, second yellow macula near apex on the same intervals, with spot on VI interval more prolonged than others; elytra markedly sinuate before apex with sutural angle cuspated. Underside finely punctured, covered by setae, metepisterna longer than wide, ventral segments not crenulated anteriorly, which resembles C. leprieurii (Laferté-Sénectere, 1851), but differs from it in its pronotum differently shaped and in its elytral striae, which are punctured. One series of specimens deposed in British Museum, originate in Nyassaland (Nyika Mts., 6000–7000 ft ...)” [from French]. Basilewsky (1987: 192) later refered a series of specimens collected on Lichenya Plateau, Mt. Mulange, North Malawi, at 2000 m altitude.</p><p>Distribution. Malawi, Tanzania: Mbeya.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFEC512EFF07FD4DFE98FF1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FB79FFB9F815.text	BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FB79FFB9F815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus brevicollis (Dejean 1831)	<div><p>Craspedophorus brevicollis species group (nov.)</p><p>(=see Chaudoir 1879: 102; Basilewsky 1987: 196–7)</p><p>This group was established for two similar species, one from West, one from East Africa. Both species of this group were also placed by Chaudoir in the genus Craspedophorus (Hope, 1838) near the end of his genus “ Craspedophorus sensu stricto ” (1879: 97) together with species of refered species groups: C. leprieuri Häckel (2017: 203), C. reflexus Häckel (2016: 506), C. regalis Häckel (2017: 2014) and C. strachani nov. C. brevicollis group contains species differing from those of above listed groups in their ventral sternites, strongly crenulated anteriorly (in contrast to species of C. leprieuri and C. reflexus groups, both groups without crenulation), metepisterna longer than wide, trapeziform (in contrast to the species of the C. strachani group with rhombic metepisterna), antennae slender, without dilatation (in contrast to the species of C. regalis group with dilated medial antennomeres), and chiefly in their pronotum, extremely transverse, with gradually widely rounded lateral margins. With respect to all above cited signs as well as to Bates' recomendations (1886: 9) I place one more species in this group, C. abnormis (Bates, 1886) . The group presently contains three species, one with two subspecies.</p><p>Characters. Large species (17–23 mm). Two species apterous, one alate. Body, palps, antennae and legs black. Antennae slender without any dilatation. Labial palps elongated, kidney-shaped in males. Pronotum strongly transverse, length/width ratio 1.55–1.80, semicircular, pronotal base straight or weakly pedunculated, wider than anterior margin long. Elytra each with two to three yellow maculae.</p><p>Distribution remarks. Both east-african species of this group inhabit the Rift region. Northern species can be found in a large area from Rift Valley Province in Kenya to Eritrea, from where it expands out of the continent to Yemen on the Arabian peninsula. Southern species inhabits the same region in Kenya and Tanzania where both distributional areas overlap. But it also expands more to the South and out of the Rift to the West to DR Congo and Angola. West-african species creating two subspecies, one living in Far West Africa from Senegal to northern Benin, until now, the second one is known solely from southern Benin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FB79FFB9F815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FE9CFCF9FBBC.text	BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FE9CFCF9FBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus gabonicus ? Thomson 1858	<div><p>Craspedophorus gabonicus Thomson, 1858</p><p>Craspedophorus gabonicus Thomson, 1858: 34 (type locality “Gabon”). Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81. [?] Epicosmus gabonicus Chaudoir 1861: 351 . Eudema gabonicum Gemminger and Harold 1868: 208 .</p><p>Note. This species was based on a single specimen collected in Gabon. Description (in part, see Thomson 1858: 34). “Length 18 mm, width 8–9 mm. It strongly resembles C. festivus [Klug, 1833] differing from it by differently shaped pronotum and elytral maculae. Black. (Quatre taches jaunes sur les élytres, traversées chacune par cinq espaces longitudinaux [Elytra with four yellow-red maculae, each occupies five longitudinal intervals] as in C. festivus, with regular margins, not serrate, Head smooth. Pronotum less rounded than in C. festivus, narrowing anteriorly, disc strongly punctured. Elytra with long intervals, strongly punctured, legs irregularly punctured” [from French]. The position of this taxon was twice confused by Chaudoir. Firstly by his incomplete report (1861: 351) and later by his selection of the lectotype. In my opinion, Chaudoir erroneously selected the specimen (1879: 95), matching it with other species than with that described by Thomson (see discussion). The original Thomson‘s type could be found neither in MNHN nor in BMNH, MRAC OUMNH and it is most probably lost. No specific species or type can thus be assigned to Thomson‘s name [some specimens in Basilewsky‘s collection labeled “? gabonicus Thoms. ” answer to Thompson’s description—not quite, yet the most. Partially those specimens here newly described as C. ruficroides thomsoni n. ssp. (Plate 6, Figs 46–48) occur in Gabon, Cameroon and the Central African Republic. Its populations contain specimens larger than 20 mm (i. e. substantially larger than in Thomson’s description). Partially those could also concern smaller specimens from the same series which are here described as C. phenacoides n. sp. (Plate 7, Figs 56–57), but their presence is only known from Cameroon.] In my opinion, the chance of finding Thomson’s type in future remains low. Therefore, I put the name out of the system as nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FE9CFCF9FBBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFEA5128FF07FF45FF11FD62.text	BD7387D9FFEA5128FF07FF45FF11FD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus abnormis Bates 1886	<div><p>1. Craspedophorus abnormis Bates, 1886</p><p>(Plate 15, Figs 125–128, Plate 16, Fig. 131)</p><p>Craspedophorus abnormis Bates, 1886b: 9 (type locality “Mpwapwa [Dodoma, Tanzania]”). Basilewsky 1956: 83, Lorenz 2005: 320, Häckel and Farkač 2012: 79.</p><p>Eudema sexmaculatum Péringuey, 1898: 352 (type locality “Zambezia, Sailsbury [=Harare, Mashonaland, Zimbabwe]”). Craspedophorus sexmaculatus Basilewsky, 1953: 173, 1956: 83 syn. nov.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♀): “Mpwapwa / E. Africa [handwritten in black on white label]// Craspedoph / abnormis / Bates [handwritten in black on white label]// Ex-Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892 [printed in black on white label]// Type [printed in black on red label]” (Plate 15, Fig. 125, MNHN, Oberthür / Bates Collection). Paratypes. 1♀ labeled same as holotype (MNHN, Oberthür / Bates Collection).</p><p>Additional material examined. Angola: Benguela. 1♂: “ 2 km s road Catengue-Cubal, S 13°00.329 E13°48.236, 830 m” (cPS) . DR Congo: Katanga. 1♂,1♀: “Lumumbashi. Univ. Kassapa”; 1♂: “Zaire, L'[umumba]shi”; 1♀: “Zaire, sans coordinées” (cDM). Kenya. 1♀: “[North-eastern Province] Aimola to Higo ” (MNHN) . Malawi. 1♂: “ Malawi c, Dzalanyama, 33°26.75 S 14°15.22' E ” (cAD) . South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal. 1♂: “[Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve] 30°16'29”S 30°36'32”E, 410 m ” (cIB) . Limpopo. 1♀: “Makopane, Shikwaru lodge, S24°13.51' E28°54.21', 1395 m ” (cPK) . Tanzania: Dodoma. 1♂: “ Dodoma prov. 70 km n Dodoma ” (cMH) . Iringa. 2♀: “ 55 km w Iringa, 7°44.262'S 35°14.888'E (cRS); 3♂, 2♀: “ 65 km nw of Iringa, road to Ruaha NP, 950 m “ (Plate 15, Fig. 127, Plate 16, Fig. 131, cIB, cMH, cRK) . Mbeya. 1♀: “ Mbeya Prov.: 70 km nw Tundema, 1500m ”, (Plate 15, Fig. 128, cMH) ; 1♂, 1♀: “ MakoloNgozi, Mbeya ” (cMH, cPS) . Shinyanga. 1♀: “ Old Shinyanga, Boma ” (BMNH) . Zambia. 1♂: “ Central Province. 6.5 km n Chunga, 14°59'40”S 26°01'11”E, 1100 m ” (cPS); 1♂, 1♀: “[Muchinga Province] 60 km e Isoka ” (cPS); 1♀: “ Northern Province, Tanganyika Lake env., 30 km n Mbala, Kalombo Falls, 900m ” (cMH) , 1♀: “ North-western Province, Kafue National Park, near Kasempa ” (cMH) . Zimbabwe. 2♂, 3♀ labeled as Eudema sexmaculatum Péringuey, 1898 coded SAM-Col-A007147, -48, -49, -50 and -52: “ Salisbury [= Harare, Mashonaland East]/ J. O'Neil ” , 1♂ same labeled, coded SAM-Col- A007151: “ Peak Mine / Selukwa / s Rhodesia [= Shurugwi District, Midlands]” (Plate 15, Fig. 126, SAMC) ; 1♀: “[Mashonaland Central] Nyagui riv. vall., 50 km e of Bindura ” (cOH); 1♂, 2♀: “[Matabeleland] Bulawayo, Shangani Naletale ruins env.” (cMH).</p><p>Note. This species is based on two specimens, probably females, labeled “Mpwapwa”. Mpwapwa is one of the oldest colonial districts in Tanzania, Dodoma Region, former local German colonial government headquarters, or bomas, in the early 1890s, and British administrative offices after World War I. This mountainous area is located at 06°21′0″S, 36°29′0″E. Description (in part, see Bates 1886b: 9). “Length 21 mm. Almost parallel-sided, quite convex, covered by short setae, black, each elytron with three yellow maculae, first - humeral macula located on VIII interval, second - medial, reaching from IV to VI intervals, preapical macula reaching from IV to VIII interval; head small, neck constricted, eye convex, vertex between two grooves, which deeply impressed, strongly convex and sparsely punctured; pronotum almost equal as in C. brevicollis (Dej.), but anterior margin fully rounded, transverse, with lateral margins arcuate, anterior angles widely rounded, disc densely, coarsely punctured; elytra quite elongated, parallel-sided, deeply striated and punctured, III stria near medial macula is flexuous, intervals quite abundantly punctured” [from Latin]. Unlike any other species, both in form and markings. Although the terminal joint of the palpi is simply obliquely triangular (♀?) it consorts better with the Craspedophori, in which that joint is greatly prolonged at its outer angle, than with the Epicosmi. The labrum has its front edge broadly emarginated; the antennae are long, with the joints 4–9 much dilated and compressed. The metathoracic episterna are very long, and the ventral segments crenulated on their anterior margins. The anterior tarsi are simple. The median yellow spot of the elytra is sub-triangular, the inner portion of it (that which lies on the III interstice) being longer than the two others; the subapical spot is flexuous and narrow”. Péringuey (1896) described a similar species from Salisbury (now Mutare in Zimbabwe). Description of Eudema sexmaculatum (in part, see Péringuey 1896: 352). “Length 20 mm, width 8 mm. Black, shining, and briefly pubescent; elytra with a humeral and two yellow dorsal patches on each side; head long, smooth in the middle of the anterior part, very rugose laterally and behind; third joint of antennae not so long as the two following; prothorax similar in shape to that of Eudema [= Craspedophorus] pretiosum Chaudoir, 1837, but less sinuate laterally behind above the basal angle which is also more acute, base not sinuate; disk very rugose, sides reflexed in the anterior part, but less than in [C.] pretiosus; elytra straight at base, oblong, one-fourth broader than the prothorax, deeply punctato-costate with the intervals carinate; they have on each side a short, humeral yellow band on the eighth interval, a transverse patch placed slightly before the median part of the disk, extending on the IV., V., and VI intervals, and consisting of three very short bands hardly connected in the stria, and with the inner one the longest of the three, also another narrow patch, slightly sinuate, extending from the fourth to the eighth interval, and situated at a short distance from the apex, at the top of the posterior declivity; tarsi bristly underneath. The general appearance is not unlike that of [C.] pretiosus, both having a broad prothorax, but it is easily recognisable owing to the humeral elongate macule on each side of the elytra, which is not found in any other South African Eudema [= Craspedophorus]; the punctures on the striae of the elytra are very distinct.” Figured in Péringuey (1898: Plate XI, Fig. 3). Holotype labeled “ Zambezia, (Salisbury)”. Basilewsky rightly (1956: 83) synonymized Eudema sexmaculatum (Péringuey, 1896) with C. abnormis (Bates, 1886) . Until now, nobody doubted this synonymization, and I also have no reason to do so. However, Péringuey's type has never been found in SAMC and only specimens from the type locality were found (Plate 15, Fig. 126), so I do not feel any need to establish a neotype.</p><p>Distribution. Angola: Benguela Province; DR Congo: Katanga Province; eastern Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania: Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya, Shinyanga; Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFEA5128FF07FF45FF11FD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFEB512BFF07FD05F8D1FAF5.text	BD7387D9FFEB512BFF07FD05F8D1FAF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus brevicollis subsp. brevicollis (Dejean 1831) brevicollis (Dejean 1831	<div><p>2a. Craspedophorus brevicollis brevicollis (Dejean, 1831)</p><p>(Plate 15, Figs 119–121, Plate 16, Figs 129–130)</p><p>Panagaeus brevicollis Dejean, 1831: 599 (type locality “ Sénégal ”). Isotarsus brevicollis La Ferté-Sénectere 1851: 221 . Epicosmus brevicollis Chaudoir 1861: 345 . Eudema brevicolle Gemminger and Harold 1868: 208 . Craspedophorus brevicollis Chaudoir 1879: 102 . Baehr 2003a: 412, Serrano 2005: 64, Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 80.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (♂), established by Chaudoir (1879: 103): “ Panagaeus / brevicollis / Dej. Guinea [handwritten in black on blue label]// Ex Musaeo / Ed. Brown [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 15, Fig. 119b, MNHN, Oberthür / Bates Collection). Paratypes. 3♂♀ labeled same as holotype (MNHN, Oberthür / Bates Collection).</p><p>Additional material examined. Gambia. 2♀: “ Tendaba ” (cRK) . Guinea. 1♀: “ Guinea, Kankan ” (Plate 15, Fig. 120, cMH) . Guinea-Bissau. 1♂: “ Guinée portugaise, Ile de Bissao ” (MNHN) . Mali: Koulikoro. 1♂: “ Koulikoro ” (cDM) . Senegal. 1♂: “ Sénégal ” (Plate 15, Fig. 119a, Plate 16, Fig. 130, NMPC) ; 3♂, 2♀: “ Tambacounda, Niokolo-Koba National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-12.72198&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.0751915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -12.72198/lat 13.0751915)">Poste de Niokolo</a>, 13°04'30.69N 12°43'19.13”W, 65 m ” , 1♂: “PN du Niokolo-Koba, Poste Lingué Kountou, 13°48'16”N 013°34'47”W, 144 m ” (cPS); 1♂, 1♀: “se-Senegal, Niokolo Koba Nat. Park” (cMH); 2♂, 4♀: “ Kolda, Mahon ” (cPS); 1♀: “ Ziguinchor, Cap Skirring ” (cPS); 1♀: “ Kedougou, Dindefelo, 12°23'43”N 13°40'26”W, 233 m ” (cPS).</p><p>Examined specimens of transitional populations. C. brevicollis brevicollis trans ad C. brevicollis beninensis . Benin. 1♂: “ Benin bor. / Sina-Issire / 30. VI. 2001 / Bořivoj Voříšek lgt.” (Plate 15, Fig. 121a, Plate 16, Fig. 129, cRK). Burkina Faso. 1♂: “Boromo Ft de Scorobouli, 247 m (Plate 15, Fig. 121b, cPS).</p><p>Note. This species was described on as a single specimen labeled “ Sénégal ”. Recently Senegal is located on the west of the African continent between latitudes 12° and 17°N, and longitudes 11° and 18°W, it has a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Description (in part, see Dejean 1831: 599). “Length 8 points, width 3 points. Black; pronotum almost transverse, rugate; elytra ovoid, sulcated, each with two yellow maculae, almost quadrate, humeral almost transverse…” [from Latin]. “It is somewhat smaller than Panagaeus tomentosus [= Craspedophorus angulatus (Fabricius, 1781)], and quite different in its shape. Head smaller, less elongated, with two longitudinal impressions near antennae, and one transversal impression behind eyes, each impression more distinct, with some points, impressed in its middle. Eyes strongly convex. Pronotum more than twice wider than the head, quite short, transverse, weakly narrowing and widely rounded anteriorly, almost flat, quite grossly and very densely punctured with merging punctuation, which seems strongly rugate; sagittal line almost indistinct; anterior margin almost flat; anterior angles strongly rounded and weakly distinct; lateral margins quite widely depressed posteriorly; hind angles very rounded; base sinuate; weakly prolonged posteriorly in the middle, with a small, quite protruded dent near each lateral margin. Elytra wider than pronotum, ovoid, less elongated than those in [C.] nobilis (Dejean, 1826), less convex, humeri distinctly less rounded; similarly to P. tomentosus [= C. angulatus], each elytron with 9 well marked striae; but somewhat more strongly punctured; intervals slightly more convex, more densely and finely punctured; each elytron with two yellow maculae, very large, almost equal: humeral macula is almost transversal, near the base it consists of eight elongated macular spots, spots on III and V interval moved a little posteriorly than the others, which are located between I and IX stria; preapical macula near apex somewhat smaller, consists of six elongated macular spots, spot on III interval shorter towards base than the others which are located between II and VIII stria. Venter and legs black and weakly covered with setae. It was collected in Senegal and must be placed near P. tomentosus [= C. angulatus]” [from French]. Chaudoir added (1879: 102) “Length 17–18.5 mm, width 8.5–9 mm. Body short and stout. Head small, not too elongated, strangulated behind eyes, eyes strongly convex and more bulging, with posterior margin almost overlaid by hind margin of the temple, perpendicularly to the neck; frons punctured, with a longitudinal impression near each margin, widely and deeply impressed, prolonged to the strangulation of the head; neck smooth as well as epistoma, which is convex. Pronotum two and a half times wider than head, very transversal, almost semicircular, anterior margin weakly sinuate, anterior angles not protruded anteriorly, adhering to the neck, quite rounded; lateral margins regularly arcuate from anterior margin posteriorly, each with a small incisure near base, hind angle with a small dent, wellmarked on its top; base straight, weakly protruded posteriorly in the middle, forming a peduncle, with a long shallow concavity near each margin, between the peduncle and the hind angle; dorsum quite convex anteriorly, with not too deep lateral depressions, each running from the anterior angle to the middle, where it disappears, with an excavation near base, close each peduncular margin, marked by a little furrow on its bottom; disc very strongly and densely punctured, covered with erected setae, quite long; sagittal line finely impressed, but distinct. Elytra flat, ovoid, quite short, about 2 mm wider than pronotum, less than a half times longer than wide, with a flat base, humeri quite widely rounded; lateral margins also rounded, mainly near humeri and at mid-length, weakly sinuate in front of apex, which is obtuse, rounded; dorsum convex, mainly posteriorly, where it descends quite rapidly to apex; striae strongly impressed and quite grossly punctured, with punctuation weakly eroding margins of intervals; these are convex, densely punctured and covered with setae as erected as on pronotum, IX interval with a rank of umbilical points, hardly reaching to mid-length; epipleura also densely punctured, as are the intervals. Venter similarly punctured as that in C. regalis (Gory, 1833) . Black, weakly glossy, each elytron with two large fasciae; however fasciae are extended as those in C. microcephalus (Dejean, 1831), their orange color is darker than in C. regalis; humeral fascia consists of 8 macular spots, reaching from I to IX stria, spots on VII and VIII intervals moved closer to humeri than the others; spots on III and IV intervals moved a little further from the base than contiguous spots, and spots on IV and VI intervals somewhat prolonged towards middle; posterior fascia consists of six macular spots, as elongated as these in humeral macula, macular spots on IV and VI interval slightly longer than the others, prolonged anteriorly as long as posteriorly; although the relative length of these can vary. Four specimens from different parts of Senegal, one of them is the type of Dejean´s collection” [from French].</p><p>Distribution. Northen Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFEB512BFF07FD05F8D1FAF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFE8512BFF07FAB8FE15F892.text	BD7387D9FFE8512BFF07FAB8FE15F892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus brevicollis subsp. beninensis Häckel 2017	<div><p>2b. Craspedophorus brevicollis beninensis new subspecies</p><p>(Plate 15, Fig. 122)</p><p>Type locality. “ Cotonou, [southern] Benin ”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (♂): “w Africa [s-] Benin / Cotonou / VI-1995 / ex coll. E. Jiroux ” (Plate 15, Fig. 122, cMH).</p><p>Description of holotype. Length 22.5 mm, width 10.1 mm. Head, pronotum and statue same as in C. brevicollis brevicollis . Body shape and elytral sculpture do not seem to differ from nominotypical subspecies. It differs markedly by its elytral colouration, orange maculae are shorter anteroposteriorly, creating humeral fascia narrower than in C. b. brevicollis . In contrast to those in previously refered transitional populations from Burkina Faso and northern Benin with humeral macula also moderately reduced (Plate 15, Fig. 121), humeral macula in C. b. benineinsis n. ssp. (southern Benin) is much more reduced, distinctly narrower posteriorly and transversely. In C. b. brevicollis humeral macula reaches medially to II interval in contrast to that in C. b. beninensis n. ssp. with humeral macula reaching medially to III interval at most (Plate 15, Fig. 122, cMH).</p><p>Distribution. Southern Benin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFE8512BFF07FAB8FE15F892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFE95125FF07FF45F8E3FE60.text	BD7387D9FFE95125FF07FF45F8E3FE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus latifrons (Chaudoir 1876)	<div><p>3. Craspedophorus latifrons (Chaudoir, 1876)</p><p>(Plate 15, Figs 123a, b; 124a, b, Plate 16, Fig. 132)</p><p>Eudema latifrons Chaudoir, 1876: 354 (type locality “Adowa en Abyssinie [=Adwa, Tigray, Ethiopia]”). Craspedophorus latifrons Alluaud 1930: 2, Basilewsky 1978: 84, Lorenz 2005: 320. Häckel and Farkač 2012: 81.</p><p>Craspedophorus laticeps Chaudoir, 1879: 103 by error. Alluaud 1930: 2, syn. nov.</p><p>Compared material. 1♂: “Abyssinie / A. Raffray / Voy. 1881. [printed in black on white label]” (Plate 15, Fig. 123a, MNHN, Oberthür/Bates Collection). 3♂, 2♀ same labeled as previous (MNHN, Oberthür/Bates Collection). 1♂: “Abyssinie / Raffray [handwritten in black on white label]// Eudema / latifrons Chd. [handwritten in black on white label]// Museum Paris / 1935 / Coll. M. Sédillot [printed in black on blue label]// Cr. latifrons Chd. [handwritten in black on white label]/ P. Basilewsky det., 19[printed in black]54[handwritten in black on white label] (MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. 1♀ erroneously labeled as Eudema festivum by unknown author and as C. festivus Klug. by Kirschenhofer 1999: “Collect. Plason” (Plate 15, Fig. 124a, MNHN). Ethiopia: Oromiya. 3♂,1♀: “Oromiya Reg.: Boran Negele, 5°13'20” N 39°38'10” E, 1538 m ” (Plate 15, Fig. 123b, Plate 16, Fig. 132, cMH, cRS); 1♀: “ 11 km n Moyale, 03°51'05”N 38°46'17”E, 1295 m ” (Plate 15, Fig. 124b, cMH); 1♀: “Bedele” (cOH). Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region [SNNPR]. 1♀: “Gamo Gofa Zone, 10 km se Konso, 1150 m ” (cMH); 2♂,1♀: “Mago National Park, Jinka” (cIB); 1♂,1♀: “Woyto, near river” (cRK). Kenya: Coast. 1♀: “Coast Province, sw of Voi” (cMH); 1♀: “Tsavo NP, Sagala Hills, Voi env” (cRK); 3♂,4♀: “Gede Forest, 3°16'S 39°55'E” (NMWC, cPS).</p><p>Note. This species was based on a single male specimen, labeled “Adowa en Abyssinie ”. Adwa (also spelled Adowa, Aduwa) is a market town surrounded by Adwa woreda in northern Ethiopia. Maákelay, or Mehakelegnaw (or “The central”) is a Zone in the Ethiopian Region of Tigray. Description (in part, see Chaudoir, 1876: 354). “Length 18 mm. It resembles the species of C. tropicus … - C. conicus … group [= C. festivus species group in this article], but wider. Mainly its head is less narrow. Head as wide as long, very abruptly strangulated behind eyes, with longitudinal depression widely and deeply impressed close to the margin between eyes, eyes more convex, hemispherical, neck not as gross as in C. tropicus (Hope, 1842); frons and vertex punctured and covered with erected setae. Pronotum wider, anterior angles and lateral margins anteriorly distinctly more rounded, creating shell-shaped form; posteriorly margins each with an extruded dent in front of posterior angles, also more rounded, surface with equal sculpture and punctuation as that in the head. Elytra differ more distinctly in their width and interval and they are more grossly punctured. Body, antennae and legs black, as well as the setation cover; humeral elytral macula lemon yellow, consists of 6 macular spots, forming weakly oblique fascia, with margins quite serrate because of macular spots on IV and VI interval which are moved more posteriorly than the others; preapical macula as in [C.] laevifrons (Schaum, 1863). One specimen collected in Adowa, Abyssinia. The external margin of the terminal labial palpomere is very prolonged and pointed in males, distinctly longer than the internal one, in contrast to that in [C.] laevifrons, with terminal palpomere triangular-shaped and simply obliquely snipped” [from French]. Description of Craspedophorus laticeps [= laevifrons] (in part, see Chaudoir 1879: 103). “Length 18 mm, width 8.8 mm. It resembles some form of C. brevicollis (Dejean, 1831), but differs from it because alate, and in its differently shaped pronotum, which is less convex anteriorly, as well as in its elytral coloration, with fasciae less expanded. Pronotum weakly narrower, lateral margins less curved anteriorly from midlength, disc less convex, with lateral depressions less marked, and weakly protruded to basal excavations. Elytra narrower, seem more elongated, lateral margins more parallel, humeri less widely rounded; dorsum markedly less convex posteriorly, descending less rapidly to apex mainly posteriorly; striae and intervals not too similarly punctured; elytral fasciae somewhat darker, distinctly less expanded, mainly more transverse, and with more serrate margins; humeral macula reaching from II to VIII stria, consists of 6 macular spots markedly shorter, spots on VII and VIII stria [=next interval] closer towards the base than the others, and by a half more posterior than the spot on VI interval, spots on III and V interval more prolonged towards the base than the contiguous which is prolonged towards the apex; preapical macula consists of five spots, reaching from III to VIII stria, with spots on IV and VI interval twice longer than three others, and spots on VII and VIII interval, each posteriorly arranged with spot on VI interval, anteriorly prolonged by a half of its length. This species was collected in Adoua, Abyssinia, by Mr. Raffray, who gave me a single specimen, ♂ ” [from French]. Basilewsky (1978: 84) recorded one specimen from Wadi-Sohoul, Yemen, 2100 m a.s.l. According to Basilewsky's map (1978: 78) this wadi is located south of Yarim, a town in southwestern Yemen. Basilewsky's note represents the first and still the only record of Afrotropical Craspedophorus species outside the African continent. Yet it is not the first species with such distribution, and this record only supports a different concept of Afrotropical region than that presented in Palearctic Catalogue (Baehr 2003b, Häckel 2017). The Palearctic catalogue includes the southern portion of the Arabian peninsula in the region, whereas other publications include at least Yemen and Oman either in the Afrotropical region or in a transitional zone between the Palearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Häckel 2012: 58).</p><p>Distribution. Eritrea, Ethiopia: Oromiya, S.N.N.P.R., Tigray; Kenya: Coast Province; Yemen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFE95125FF07FF45F8E3FE60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFE65125FF07FE13F99CFC73.text	BD7387D9FFE65125FF07FE13F99CFC73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus Hope 1838	<div><p>Key to species groups of Craspedophorus Hope, 1838</p><p>(Afrotropical region)</p><p>1 Terminal labial palpomere (mainly in males) weakly dilated, elongated, more or less kidney-shaped. If male terminal palpom- ere is strongly dilated and not too elongated, then pronotum is cordiform, with lateral margins strongly sinuate posteriorly.......................................................................................................2</p><p>- Terminal labial palpomere in males strongly dilated, more triangular, securiform........................................................................................ ( Epicosmus Chaudoir, 1879) species groups not included here.</p><p>2 Antennae long and moderately dilated, mainly in intermediate antennomeres.... C. regalis species group (Häckel 2017: 214)</p><p>- Antennae slender, antennomeres not dilated.................................................................3</p><p>3 Metepisterna rhombiform, approximately as long as wide (Plate 4, Figs 31b, 33b, c).............. C. strachani group nov.</p><p>- Metepisterna trapeziform, longer than wide, proximally wider than distally........................................4</p><p>4 Ventrites not crenulated anteriorly. ... C. reflexus species group (Häckel 2016: 506, 2017: 223)......................................................................................... C. leprieuri species group (Häckel 2017: 203)</p><p>- Ventrites distinctly or strongly crenulated anteriorly (Plate 4, Figs 28–30, 31a)........... C. brevicollis species group nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFE65125FF07FE13F99CFC73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFE65127FF07FC0AF997FCD5.text	BD7387D9FFE65127FF07FC0AF997FCD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus strachani (Hope 1842)	<div><p>Key to species of Craspedophorus strachani group</p><p>1) Pronotum cordiform, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly with a distinct sinuosity, hind angles more closed, rectangular in some species, commonly indentated, with a small incisure near the base, rarely rounded (Plate 9, Fig. 72a–c, e)...........2</p><p>- Pronotum almost hexagonal, lateral margins narrowing towards the base without any distinct sinuosity, hind angles more opened (Plate 9, Fig. 72d)..............................................................................19</p><p>2) Pronotal base straight, if it changes laterally into a distinct incisure (pedunculated), at least the major central basal part stays straight (Plate 9, Fig. 72a–c).............................................................................3</p><p>- Pronotal base concave posteriorly, the basal concavity reduced only in its medial third. Pronotum more transverse (length/ width ratio 1.48), almost semicircular, anterior angles completely rounded (Plate 9, Fig. 72e). Elytra with a large humeral macula, extending across six to seven intervals. South-central Africa, Angola up to southern DR Congo, Zambia ...................................................................................... C. magnicollis (Quedenfeldt, 1883)</p><p>3) Pronotal base pedunculated, straight, laterally changing into a relativelly deep incisure near each margin, posterior angles very sharp, prolonged posteriorly (Plate 9, Fig. 72c).............................................................. 4</p><p>- Pronotal base without a marginal incisure, not pedunculated, posterior angles rectangular or more opened. (Plate 9, Fig. 72a, b)....................................................................................................5</p><p>4) Pronotal base with marginal incisure very deep, hind angles strongly prolonged posteriorly, distinctly overlapping the base. Elytra wider (length/width ratio&gt;1.4), more convex and ovoid, striae finely punctuated. A relatively larger species (&gt; 20 mm). Congo (Brazzaville), western DR Congo, Gabon, RCA.............................. C. dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915)</p><p>- Pronotal base with a marginal incisure shallower, hind angles less strongly prolonged posteriorly, reaching up to but not overlapping the base. Elytra narrower (length/width ratio &lt;1.4), flatter and more parallel-shaped, striae grossly punctured. A relatively smaller species (&lt;19 mm). Southwestern Cameroon ................................. C. dicranulothorax n. sp.</p><p>5) Pronotum weakly transverse (length/width ratio&gt;1.37), hind angle opened (more obtuse), almost rounded, indentated (with a small incisure in its lateral margin near the base) (Plate 9, Fig. 72b). Body strongly convex, elytra ovoid, humeral macula reaching up to II interval. A relatively larger species (18–25 mm). RCA to Cameroon and Gabon .................................................................................................... C. chevalieri (Alluaud, 1915)</p><p>- Pronotum with hind angles distinct, more closed, almost rectangular (Plate 9, Fig. 72a)..............................6</p><p>6) Pronotum more transverse (length/width ratio&gt;1.45). Body wider, strongly convex, elytra convex and ovoid. Humeral macula reaching medially up to II or III interval, rarely only up to IV interval, outer (IX.) interval and elytral margin completely black. A smaller to medium-sized species (16–19 mm) . Central Africa: Cameroon to northeastern DR Congo ................................................................................................. C. cuneatus (Alluaud, 1915)</p><p>- Pronotum more transverse (length/width ratio &lt;1.4) if narrower, hind angles not jutting out backwards or upwards, pronotal base straight without concavity. Elytra in smaller species with a transverse pronotum with a yellow humeral macula reaching up to the elytral margin and overlapping to metepisterna.......................................................7</p><p>7) Body with smaller and wider statue (length &lt;17 mm, elytral length/width ratio&gt;1.38). South-eastern Nigeria, southern Cameroon (Fig. 135)........................................................................................8</p><p>- Body with larger and narrower statue (length&gt; 18 mm, elytral length/width ratio&gt;1.45)..............................9</p><p>8) Palps, tibiae and tarsi distinctly ferruginous. Elytra less convex, especially in the apical third. Intervals flat, completely glabrous, glossy, without microsculpture, striae finely regularly punctuated. Humeral macula anteroposteriorly long, longer than wide, rarely the humeral macula joins the preapical on outer intervals. 16 mm ..................... C. glaber Bates, 1886</p><p>- Palps, tibiae and tarsi black, at most terminal parts brownish. Elytra strongly convex, including the apical third. Intervals convex, finely and iregularly punctuated. Humeral macula anteroposteriorly shorter, more rounded, with macular spots shorter on inner intervals, both maculae, humeral and preapical, separated and distantly located. 15.5 mm ..... C. lafertei Murray, 1857 .</p><p>9) Species with somewhat lesser statue (length 16–18 mm). Pronotum not too transverse (length/width ratio &lt;1.4). Elytra more parallel-sided. Humeral macula reduced, longer anteroposteriorly than wide, both maculae reaching medially up to VI interval at the most. Equatorial Guinea, Gabon ....................................................................10</p><p>- Species with somewhat larger statue (length ± 18 mm), humeral macula larger, reaching medially up to V., IV., III, rarely II interval............................................................................................. 11</p><p>10) Pronotal surface grossly punctured and furrowed, punctuation finer laterally, almost glabrous near margins. Elytral striae grossly punctured, strial foveae trespassing interval to its outer third, interval punctuated distinctly but finely in its middle.......................................................................................... C. lemariei n. sp.</p><p>- Pronotal surface with finer and more sparse punctuation, punctuation laterally infrequent, finer, dorsally absent. Elytral striae punctuated very finely, strial foveolae not trespassing interval margins, intervals flat, completely glabrous, glossy, punctuation absent........................................................................ C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861) .</p><p>11) Ventrites anteriorly without crenulation (Plate 4, Fig. 33a). The body of smaller size (&lt;19 mm) and somewhat more prolonged. Pronotal surface sculptured more softly, disc sparsely and finely punctuated in its middle, hind angle more opened, with a very small and shallow indentation on its lateral margin near the base. Elytral colouration eye-catching with a large humeral macula (the largest elytral macula from all species of the group), reaching from III interval to margin, covering more than one quarter of each elytron anteroposteriorly. Central Cameroon ................................. C. latemaculatus Alluaud, 1930 .</p><p>- Ventrites anteriorly distinctly crenulated at least each on its lateral margins. A species of larger statue (length&gt; 19 mm). Pronotum with surface sculptured more grossly. Elytral maculae strongly more reduced anteroposteriorly, covering distinctly less than one quarter of each elytron. If macula larger in some specimens, pronotal surface grossly punctured...............12</p><p>12) Elytra strongly convex, palps and tarsi black. Larger species (20–25 mm)........................................13</p><p>- Elytra flatter, palps usually brownish to ferruginous. Lesser and medium-sized species (17–22 mm)...................16</p><p>13) Pronotum finely and densely punctuated. Elytral striae almost glabrous, very finely and regularly punctuated. Intervals flat, densely and finely punctuated in three to four lines. Ventrites anteriorly crenulated laterally, each with anterior crenulation indistinct in its middle. The largest species of the whole group (24–25 mm). South Cameroon ... C. latipennis Burgeon, 1930 .</p><p>- Pronotum usually grossly sculptured, punctured and furrowed. If pronotal and elytral sculpturation is finer, then elytral intervals are usually convex. If elytral intervals are flat, ventrites are distinctly crenulated anteriorly longwise. Species of somewhat smaller body (length &lt;24 mm).......................................................................... 14</p><p>14) Pronotum with anterior angles strongly protruded forward, pronotal surface punctured densely but not too grossly. Elytral striae finely impressed, each punctured very finely, almost indistinctly, intervals flat, densely and finely punctuated in about four lines. (19–24 mm) South-eastern Liberia, southern Ivory Coast ............................. C. klugii (Hope, 1842)</p><p>- Pronotum with anterior angles weakly protruded forwards, more rounded. Pronotal surface punctured densely and grossly, often furrowed. Elytral striae deeply impressed, grossly punctured, intervals convex, distinctly punctuated..............15</p><p>15) Body narrower (elytral length/width ratio&gt;1.4), pronotum less transverse (length/width ratio &lt;1.4), lateral margins less narrowing towards base, with shallower sinuosity. Elytral maculae as long as wide (rounded, quadrate) or longer anteroposteriorly, if maculae are fascia-shaped, reaching at most to IV., rarely to III interval. West Africa, Sierra Leone to Cameroon ..................................................................................... C. strachani (Hope, 1842)</p><p>- Body wider (elytral length/width ratio &lt;1.4), more convex. Pronotum more transverse (length/width ratio&gt;1.4), lateral margins narrowing towards base, with deeper sinuosity. Elytral maculae transversal, fascia-shaped, reaching medially at least to III, often to II interval. West Africa, Senegal to northern DR Congo ..................... C. tetrastigma (Chaudoir, 1850)</p><p>16) Elytral margins with a flattened rim widening posteriorly with maximum width in its apical fourth, then narrowing and disappearing near the apex, elytral margin here bewelled. Elytra flatter in the apical third, intervals V–VII posteriorly as wide as those intervals near base or wider. Due to flattened elytra in the apical fourth, VIII and IX interval are well recognizable from the dorsal view. Humeral macula widening laterally, preapical macula with outer macular spots as long anteroposteriorly as the inner spots, outer spots more posterior, macula creating an oblique fascia extending from IV to VIII interval leading posteriorly on outer intervals, seems to be more distantly located from the elytral margin because of its widening in the apical fourth. Species of medium size (18–20 mm). Central and southern Cameroon............................... C. phenacoides n. sp.</p><p>- Elytral margins with a flattened rim as narrow posteriorly as anteriorly, without widening before the apex. Elytra symmetrically convex longwise, intervals 5–8 narrowing posteriorly and IX interval disappearing in the dorsal view. Preapical macula located less distantly from elytral margin, in about one third of its width at most, without creating any oblique fascia..... 17</p><p>17) Body shorter, elytra with humeri more distinct, maximum width in midlength or immediately behind it. West and Central Africa (19–21 mm)..................................................................... C. ruficroides n. sp.</p><p>- Body longer, elytra widening posteriorly, maximum width distinctly behind midlength. Central Africa.................18</p><p>18) Body narrower and more elongated. Pronotum somewhat more transverse with lateral margins anteriorly more regularly rounded, lateral angles less distinct, posteriorly more sinuate, a shallow small incisure near the posterior angle; elytral intervals more convex, weakly and sparsely punctured; elytral maculae somewhat smaller (humeral macula covers at last 1/8 of the elytral length)..................................................................... C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987</p><p>- Body wider, less elongated. Pronotum somewhat less transverse, more convex, with lateral margins less regularly rounded</p><p>anteriorly, lateral angles more distinct, posteriorly more sinuate, the small incisure near the posterior angle deeper; elytral intervals less convex, grossly and densely punctured; elytral maculae distintly larger (humeral macula covers about 1/7 to 1/6 of the elytral length).............................................................. C. congoanus Kolbe, 1889 19) Head narrower (pronotum to head maximum width ratio&gt;1.9). Pronotum with lateral margins narrowing straightly towards hind angles, without distinct sinuosity. Sagittal line narrowly and finely impressed, anteriorly almost indistinct, posteriorly hardly distinct. Elytra with humeral macula large, reaching medially to IV interval at least, often to III interval. Length 18–20 mm. Southwestern Africa: Angola ..................................................... C. muata (Harold, 1879) .</p><p>- Head wider (pronotum to head maximum width ratio &lt;1.9). Pronotum with lateral margins narrowing not too straightly towards hind angles, with a weak sinuosity. Sagittal line more strongly impressed, distinct on each end, anteriorly and posteriorly. Elytra with humeral macula less wide, reaching medially to V interval at most, usually to VI interval only. Mountain species endemic in the Rift............................................................................... 20</p><p>20) Head somewhat wider (pronotum to head maximum width ratio &lt;1.95). Elytra with large maculae covering two to three intervals, four intervals at most (VI–VIII).....................................................................21</p><p>- Head somewhat narrower (pronotum to head maximum width ratio&gt;1.95). Elytra with maculae strongly reduced to one small macular spot on VIII interval. 16–17 mm. Endemic species in the East Arc Mountains (Uluguru, Usambara), Tanzania: Morogoro ................................................................... C. montivagus Basilewsky, 1976</p><p>21) Elytra with humeral macula longer anteroposteriorly than wide, covering about a quarter of the elytral length. Preapical macula consists of four macular spots on intervals 5–8. Somewhat larger species (19–20 mm). Species endemic in the Rift, inhabiting mountain areas along the Tanganyika Lake, DR Congo: Katanga Province, Tanzania: Kigoma .................................................................................................... C. kaboboanus Basilewsky, 1987 .</p><p>- Elytra with a smaller humeral macula, shorter anteroposteriorly than wide. Preapical macula consists of three macular spots on intervals 6–8. Somewhat smaller species (18–19 mm). Species endemic in the Rift, inhabiting mountain areas along the Malawi Lake, Malawi, Tanzania: Mbeya .......................................... C. simplicicollis Burgeon, 1930 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFE65127FF07FC0AF997FCD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFE45127FF07FCA8F99DFACD.text	BD7387D9FFE45127FF07FCA8F99DFACD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus brevicollis (Dejean 1831)	<div><p>Key to species of Craspedophorus brevicollis group</p><p>1) Body wider, elytra ovoid. Pronotum strongly transverse (length/width ratio &lt;1.7), base with a long, shallow incisure near each margin, pedunculation distinct (Plate 15, Figs 119–124). Each elytron with two yellow-red maculae at most, humeral and preapical............................................................................................2</p><p>- Body more parallel-sided. Pronotum less transverse (length/width ratio&gt; 1.7), base without any distinct marginal incisure and without pedunculation. Each elytron with three maculae, one covering humerus, the second (posthumeral) distantly located in front of the elytral midlength, and the third is the preapical. (Plate 15, Figs 125–128). East and South Africa............................................................................................... C. abnormis Bates, 1886</p><p>2 Pronotum more convex anteriorly, anterior angles not protruded anteriorly. Elytra with yellow maculae large, wide, not fragmentated, humeral one reaching from II to IX interval, preapical one reaching from II (III) to VIII interval. Apterous, larger species, 17–21 mm. West Africa: Senegal to Benin .................................... C. brevicollis (Dejean, 1831)</p><p>- Pronotum less convex anteriorly, anterior angles weakly protruded anteriorly. Elytra with yellow maculae smaller, more transversal, fragmentated, humeral one reaching from III to VII interval, preapical one reaching from IV to VIII interval. Alate, smaller species, 18–19 mm. East Africa: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen .................. C. latifrons (Chaudoir, 1876)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFE45127FF07FCA8F99DFACD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFFC513EFF07F81FFD97FCF2.text	BD7387D9FFFC513EFF07F81FFD97FCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus reflexus (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>a) C. reflexus species group Häckel 2016 (8 species)</p><p>C. bonnyi Bates, 1890 . Congo (Brazzaville), DR Congo: Orientale, Nord-Kivu Provinces; Gabon.</p><p>C. buettneri Kolbe, 1889 . DR Congo: Bandundu Province .</p><p>C. carbonarius (Harold, 1879), as Eudema . Ethiopia: Oromiya; Kenya: Coast Province; Tanzania: Morogoro, Zanzibar Isl.</p><p>C. impictus (Boheman, 1848), as Panagaeus . Angola: Lunda Norte Province; DR Congo: Kasaï-Occidental, Katanga, Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu Provinces; Malawi; Mosambique: Maputo Province; South Africa: Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Western Cape Provinces; Tanzania: Rukwa; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe.</p><p>C. reflexus reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), as Carabus . Cameroon: Northwest Province; Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria: Oyo; Sierra Leone.</p><p>C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud 1915) as Eudema . Cameroon: Central Province; Central African Republic.</p><p>C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016 . Burkina Faso, Gambia, Senegal.</p><p>C. reflexus rugatus Häckel, 2017 . Cameroon: Central, Extreme North, West Provinces.</p><p>C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930 . DR Congo: Orientale Province; Ethiopia: Gambela, Oromiya; Kenya, South Sudan.</p><p>C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016 . Tanzania: Iringa, Ruvuma, Singida, Tanga.</p><p>C. stanleyi Alluaud, 1930 . Congo (Brazzaville), DR Congo: Équateur, Orientale Provinces; Tanzania: Iringa, Mbeya; Uganda.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFFC513EFF07F81FFD97FCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFFD513EFF07FC99F91BFA02.text	BD7387D9FFFD513EFF07FC99F91BFA02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus leprieuri Hackel 2017	<div><p>b) C. leprieuri species group Häckel 2017 (4 species)</p><p>C. cameronus Bates, 1886 . Cameroon, DR Congo: Orientale, Sud-Kivu Provinces; Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,</p><p>Guinea, Nigeria: Cross River State.</p><p>C. leprieuri leprieuri (Laporte de Castelnau, 1835), as Panagaeus . Cameroon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Togo.</p><p>C. leprieuri clasispilus (Alluaud 1915), as Eudema . Northern, central Cameroon, Central Africa, northern Congo, northeastern DR Congo: northern Orientale Province.</p><p>C. leprieuri guineensis Basilewsky, 1987 . Coast of Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.</p><p>C. leprieuri peringueyi Csiki, 1929 . Mozambique: Niassa Province ; Tanzania: Morogoro, Ruvuma; eastern Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe .</p><p>C. leprieuri zambianus Häckel, 2017 . Angola: Lunda Norte Province; Burundi, Congo, DR Congo: Bandundu, Bas-Congo, Kasaï-Occidental, Katanga, Kinshasa, Sud-Kivu Provinces; Rwanda, Zambia.</p><p>C. merus merus Péringuey, 1904 . DR Congo : Kasaï-Occidental, Kasaï-Oriental, Katanga, Maniema, Orientale Provinces; Tanzania: Iringa, Ruvuma; Zimbabwe.</p><p>C. merus lundanus Häckel, 2017 . Angola: Lunda Norte Province ; Democratic Congo: Kasaï-Oriental, Katanga Provinces .</p><p>C. merus pseudofestivus Burgeon, 1930 . Burundi, DR Congo: Katanga, Orientale, Sud-Kivu Provinces; Rwanda, Tanzania: Kagera; Uganda.</p><p>C. pretiosus (Chaudoir, 1837), as Panagaeus . South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape Provinces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFFD513EFF07FC99F91BFA02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFFD513EFF07F9C9FE1CF897.text	BD7387D9FFFD513EFF07F9C9FE1CF897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panagaeus regalis (Gory 1833)	<div><p>c) C. regalis species group Häckel 2017 (4 species)</p><p>C. bouvieri bouvieri Rousseau, 1905 . Central Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo.</p><p>C. bouvieri iturianus Basilewsky, 1956 . DR Congo: Orientale Province .</p><p>C. imperialis imperialis Burgeon, 1930 . Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo.</p><p>C. imperialis dux Basilewsky, 1951 . Northern Cameroon.</p><p>C. regalis regalis (Gory, 1833), as Panagaeus . Northern, central Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal.</p><p>C. regalis sayersii (Hope, 1842), as Panagaeus . Ghana, south-eastern Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Togo.</p><p>C. unicolor Chaudoir, 1879 . Angola, Lunda Norte Province; DR Congo: Katanga, Maniema Provinces; Malawi, Mozambique: Sofala Province; Tanzania: Kigoma, Lindi, Morogoro, Ruvuma, Singida, Tabora, Zanzibar Island; Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFFD513EFF07F9C9FE1CF897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFFA5139FF07F9A2FEA8F872.text	BD7387D9FFFA5139FF07F9A2FEA8F872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus brevicollis (Dejean 1831)	<div><p>e) C. brevicollis group (nov.) (3 species)</p><p>C. abnormis Bates, 1886 . Angola: Benguela; DR Congo: Katanga; Kenya: North-eastern Province; Malawi, South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo; Tanzania: Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya, Shinyanga; Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p><p>C. brevicollis brevicollis (Dejean, 1831), as Panagaeus . Northern Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Mali, Senegal.</p><p>C. brevicollis beninensis new subspecies . Southern Benin.</p><p>C. latifrons (Chaudoir, 1876), as Eudema . Ethiopia: Oromiya; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region; Tigray; Kenya: Coast Province.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFFA5139FF07F9A2FEA8F872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
BD7387D9FFFA5139FF07FACAFF24F9B7.text	BD7387D9FFFA5139FF07FACAFF24F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Craspedophorus muata (Harold 1879)	<div><p>db) C. muata subgroup (nov.)</p><p>C. kaboboanus Basilewsky, 1987 . DR Congo: Katanga Province; Tanzania: Kigoma .</p><p>C. magnicollis magnicollis (Quedenfeldt, 1883), as Eudema . Angola: Huila, Malanje Provinces; DR Congo: Katanga Province.</p><p>C. magnicollis discrepans Basilewsky, 1987 . DR Congo: Kasaï-Occidental, Katanga Provinces; northern Zambia .</p><p>C. magnicollis inquilinus Basilewsky, 1987 . DR Congo: Bas-Congo Province .</p><p>C. montivagus Basilewsky, 1976 . Tanzania: Morogoro.</p><p>C. muata (Harold, 1879), as Eudema . Angola: Cabinda, Cuanza Sul, Huila, Malanje Provinces.</p><p>C. simplicicollis Burgeon, 1930 . Malawi, northern Zambia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFFA5139FF07FACAFF24F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Häckel, Martin	Häckel, Martin (2017): A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 4330 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1
