taxonID	type	description	language	source
043971C107AC5C2B9BAEA85415594868.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia. Boyaca: Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de Las Lagunillas, [6.3906 N, 72.3542 W], 4000 - 4300 m alt., 12 Sep. 1938, J. Cuatrecasas & H. Garcia-Barriga 1459 (holotype: US (US 00131729 [image!]); isotype: COL (COL 000006092!), SI (SI 000494 [image!] fragm. ex US )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
043971C107AC5C2B9BAEA85415594868.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, densely tufted, often stooling with perenniating many-branched culms, often with short lateral tending to ascending rhizomes. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphyllous shoots present. Culms 3 - 24 cm tall (to 37 cm tall in specimens from Boyacan paramos outside the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy), erect to arched, firm, with 0 (- 2) nodes exerted at flowering, densely scabrous throughout or scabrous just below the nodes, or rarely smooth (specimens from Boyacan paramos outside the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy). Leaves basal and cauline, often mainly basal, glabrous, usually densely scabrous throughout, less often smooth or scaberulous (specimens from Boyacan paramos outside the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy); ligules 0.9 - 2 mm long, membranous or slightly scarious, truncate to triangular and obtuse, moderately to strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface smooth or scaberulous; blades (2 -) 3 - 6 (- 12) cm long, 0.5 - 1.2 (- 1.5) mm in diameter as folded or rolled, convolute, involute, or strongly conduplicate, usually recurved or sometimes straight, firm to rigid, those of upper culm sometimes flat, firm, 2 - 3 mm wide, abaxial surface usually densely scabrous throughout, less often smooth to scaberulous (specimens from Boyacan paramos outside the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy), adaxial surface and margins moderately to densely scabrous, apices blunt or slightly naviculate-acute. Panicles (2 -) 3 - 6 (- 8) cm long, c. 0.3 - 0.7 (- 0.9) cm wide, moderately to densely congested, sub-spikelike to spikelike, generally not interrupted, subincluded in the basal foliage to greatly exerted, lateral branches with spikelets usually present almost to the base, upper lateral branches short and held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches moderately to densely scabrous, rarely smooth or scaberulous (specimens from Boyacan paramos outside the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy); pedicels 0.8 - 2.5 mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, not obviously dilated at their apex, moderately to densely scabrous, sometimes smooth or scaberulous (specimens from Boyacan paramos outside the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy). Spikelets 1.8 - 2.4 (- 2.5) mm long; glumes usually unequal, sometimes subequal, the lower longer than the upper by up to 0.3 mm and usually wider than the upper, 1 - veined, lower glume keel scabrous throughout to only in distal 1 / 3, upper glume scabrous only in the distal 1 / 3 or sometimes smooth throughout, apices acute; floret 3 / 5 - 2 / 3 (- 3 / 4) the length of the glumes; calluses glabrous or with 2 sparse tufts of very short hairs on the lateral sides; lemmas 1 - 1.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth, 5 - veined, apex obtuse to slightly truncate, erose, muticous or exceptionally with a short straight awn inserted in the upper 1 / 2 of the lemma, to 0.5 mm long, not surpassing the glume apex, weak and falling easily (i. e. Sylvester 3071); paleas absent or to 0.3 mm long, <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.5 - 0.8 (- 1) mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
043971C107AC5C2B9BAEA85415594868.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Colombia, Ecuador?. Paramos and superparamos, found in both zonal grass paramo and azonal high elevation moraine, 2850 - 4500 m alt. Within Colombia, the species seems to be found only in the Cordillera Oriental, with specimens only seen from Departamento Boyaca. Luteyn (1999) mentions the species to be found in Ecuador and the species is also mentioned in the key to some Ecuadorian taxa (Palacio et al. in press), but no specimens have been verified at US.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
043971C107AC5C2B9BAEA85415594868.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Boyaca: Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, found on a rock escarpment 4 m tall, 6.62227 N, 72.39040 W, 4192 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3117 (K, UPTC, US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, close to the foot of the talus scree slope, 6.61779 N, 72.38899 W, 4354 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3129 (COL, FMB, K, US); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Laguna Grande, in open gravelly slopes, morranes and similar places at high altitude, [6.5556 N, 72.3253 W], 4300 - 4500 m alt., 28 Dec. 1985, J. R. I. Wood 5247 (US 3481052); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de la Rusia, Sector del Paramo de Agueros, en la via que conduce a la vereda Avendanos, paramo dominado por Chusquea, evidencia de pastoreo intenso, en alguna perturbacion humano / animal, 5.94611 N, 73.08481 W, 3768 m alt., 3 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3017 a (COL, K, SI, US); Munic. Arcabuco, Vereda el Carmen, Paramo del Valle, paramo muy humedo dominado por el grupo Chusquea, pastoreo natural, 5.75425 N, 73.38303 W, 3430 m alt., 15 Nov. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3071 (K, US, SI). Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, rocas expuestas en vegetacion de paramo, 6.61931 N, 72.38898 W, 4287 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3124 (K, US, SI). Munic. Mongua, Paramo de Oceta, valle de Laguna Negra, vegetacion de frailejonal pajonal, con presencia de arbustos pequenos, Se observan rastros de pastoreo, 5.69525 N, 72.79133 W, 3694 m alt., 29 Nov. 2017, L. E. Cuta-Alarcon 353 c (US); Planos del Toldadero, [6.3669 N, 72.3342 W], 3950 m alt., 13 Sep. 1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1554 (US 17730370); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, alrededores de Salto de Correlitos, [6.4444 N, 72.3175 W], 4400 m alt., 14 Apr. 1959, H. G. Barclay 7394 (US 2434358); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Alto Ritacuva, [6.5139 N, 72.3531 W], 4450 m alt., between wet slopes which have dense Espeletia, 24 Apr. 1959, H. G. Barclay 7453 (US 2434361); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, alrededores de Salto de Correlitos, rocky, southwest-facing slope, better vegetated between rocky ridges, east of Laguna San Paulino, [6.4444 N, 72.3175 W], 4300 m alt., 14 Apr. 1959, H. G. Barclay 7381 (US 2434355); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, alto valle de Las Lagunillas, [6.3469 N, 72.3261 W], 4000 - 4300 m alt., 12 Sep. 1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1465 (US 1772998); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Alto Valle Lagunillas, morrena seca pedregosa 100 m al SE de la Laguna Cuadrada, [6.3619 N, 72.3344 W], 4080 m alt., con Calamagrostis effusa [(Kunth) Steud. = Paramochloa effusa (Kunth) P. M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barbera] y Gymnomitriaceae predominantes, asociadas con Luzula, Espeletia colombiana [Cuatrec.] y musgos, 26 Nov. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5535 (US 2785729); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Alto Valle Lagunillas, [6.3906 N, 72.3542 W], 3995 m alt., con Espeletia colombiana predominante, asociada con Aciachne pulvinata [Benth.], Agrostis breviculmis, Agrostis trichodes [Podagrostis trichodes] y Acaena cylindristachya [Ruiz & Pav.], graminea comun, 25 Sep. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5504 (US 2785744); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Boqueron de Cusiri, limite superparamo y paramo propiamente dicho, vertiente seco muy pedregoso, [6.3431 N, 72.3128 W], 4320 m alt., con Calamagrostis effusa [= Paramochloa effusa] y Espeletia cleefii [Cuatrec.], graminea comun, 5 Mar. 1973, A. M. Cleef 8796 (US 2785680); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Laguna Grande de la Sierra, [6.5556 N, 72.3253 W], 4300 - 4500 m alt., 28 Dec. 1985, J. R. I. Wood 5247 (US 3481052); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, Cuchilla Puentepiedra casi 2 km al NE de la Laguna Pintada, vertiente pedregoso seco, [6.3723 N, 72.3175 W], 4510 m alt., con Calamagrostis effusa [= Paramochloa effusa], Poa sp., asociadas con Espeletia lopezii fma. [Cuatrec.], y musgos, 30 Sep. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5665 (US 2785695); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, morrena seca en el limite paramo propiamente dicho y superparamo, 3.5 km al NNW del Morro Pulpito del Diablo, [6.3995 N, 72.3123 W], 4325 m alt., matorral de Senecio vaccinioides [Cuatrec.] con Alchemilla sp., 1 Mar. 1973, A. M. Cleef 8680 (US 2785780); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, superparamo, morrena seca 3 km aprox. al Norte del morro Pulpito del Diablo. [6.3995 N, 72.3123 W], 4375 m alt., rastrojo de Senecio guicanensis [Cuatrec.], graminea comun, 28 Feb. 1973, A. M. Cleef 8627 (US 2785676); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, superparamo 3.5 km aprox. al NNW del morro Pulpito del Diablo, morrena seca muy pedegrosa, [6.3995 N, 72.3122 W], 4315 m alt., con Luzula y Pernettya prostrata var. prostrata [(Cav.) DC.], graminea comun, 26 Feb. 1973, A. M. Cleef 8504 (US 01247250); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, superparamo abrigo rocoso denominado Cueva de los Hombres, 3 km aprox. al N del morro Pulpito del Diablo, [6.3995 N, 72.3122 W], 4350 m alt., 28 Feb. 1973, A. M. Cleef 8608 (US 2785679); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Quebrada Bocatoma, vertiente N del valle, 800 m al ENE [East North-East] de la Laguna Pintada, [6.4795 N, 72.3167 W], 4060 m alt., Stephaniella sp. predominante asociada con Calamagrostis effusa [= Paramochloa effusa], Alchemilla polylepis [Wedd.], Achyrocline lehmanii [Hieron.] y Polytrichum sp., 29 Sep. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5648 (US 2785702).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
EF62DEF9C2CF58FE8C1E22E69F351A07.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, densely tufted, not stooling and without notable lateral tending or ascending rhizomes. Tillers intravaginal, without cataphylls. Culms 3 - 12 (- 15) cm tall, erect to arched, firm, usually with 0 nodes exerted at flowering. Leaves basal, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous; ligules c. 1 mm long, membranous or slightly scarious, triangular and obtuse, moderately to strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface smooth or scaberulous; blades 1 - 4 (- 6) cm long, 0.25 - 1 mm wide in diameter as folded or rolled, usually convolute, less often strongly conduplicate, recurved, rigid, abaxial surface usually smooth throughout, rarely scaberulous towards the apex, adaxial surface and margins generally scaberulous, sometimes moderately scabrous, apices blunt to slightly broadly naviculate-acute. Panicles 1 - 2.6 (- 3) cm long, c. 0.05 - 0.2 (- 0.6) cm wide, densely congested, spikelike, generally uninterrupted, subincluded in the basal foliage to slightly or moderately exerted, lateral branches with spikelets almost to the base, upper lateral branches short and held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches scabrous or smooth; pedicels 0.9 - 2 mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, not obviously dilated at their apex, smooth or scaberulous. Spikelets 1.5 - 2.1 mm long (- 2.5 mm long in Bolivia?; Renvoize 1998); glumes equal or subequal, lower glume sometimes longer than upper by up to 0.2 mm and slightly to notably wider, 1 - veined, lower glume keel scabrous at least in the distal half, prickle hairs coarse and shiny, upper glume keel like that of lower glume or with fewer scabers to sometimes smooth throughout, apices acute; floret 2 / 3 - 3 / 4 the length of the glumes; calluses pilose, usually with 2 lateral tufts of short hairs; lemmas 1.2 - 1.4 mm long, glabrous, smooth, 5 - veined, apex truncate, erose and 4 - mucronate, muticous or with a short straight awn to 0.9 mm long, inserted above the middle, not or only briefly surpassing the glume apex, weak and falling easily; paleas absent or to 0.3 mm long, <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.5 - 0.9 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
EF62DEF9C2CF58FE8C1E22E69F351A07.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Amply distributed in the high Andes, from Colombia and Venezuela to Chile and Argentina. Predominantly found in open, grazed paramo and puna vegetation, 3200 - 4500 m alt.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
EF62DEF9C2CF58FE8C1E22E69F351A07.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Boyaca: Munic. Chiscas, Vereda Rechiniga, Paramo de la Mesa, paramo perturbado, dominado por Espeletia y gramineas exoticas, con presencia de ganadera caprina, 6.59291 N, 72.44541 W, 3694 m alt., 3 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3096 (FMB, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de la Rusia, via que conduce a vereda de Avendanos, 5.9324667 N, 73.0798 W, 3726 m alt., 4 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3024 (FMB, K, UPTC, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo La Rusia, Guanenta Alto Rio Fonce National Park, top of the ridge Pena Negra just below military base, ridge along the top of a steep rocky landscape, open paramo with Espeletia cachaluensis [Rodriguez-Cabeza], edges of the road, 5.58389 N, 73.053263 W, 3970 m alt., 21 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2217 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Mongua, Paramo de Oceta, Valle de Laguna Negra, pajonal frailejonal, terreno inclinado en medio de valle, 5.7066389 N, 72.8036111 W, 3699 m alt., 29 Nov. 2017; L. E. Cuta-Alarcon 364 (FMB, K, US).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
C8AA0E2AB915535E8BFC2721AE80126F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. [Habitat in Europae pratis], Herb. A. van Royen s. n. (lectotype, designated by Widen 1971: 65: L (L 0052645 left-hand specimen [image!]); isolectotype: L).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
C8AA0E2AB915535E8BFC2721AE80126F.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, loosely to densely tufted with short to extensive rhizomes and sometimes with well-developed stolons. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls present. Culms 10 - 80 cm tall, erect or decumbent at their base, delicate, usually with 2 - 5 nodes exerted at flowering, smooth or scaberulous. Leaves basal and cauline, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous; ligules 0.2 - 1.5 (- 2.9) mm long, of basal leaves and tillers ≤ 1 mm long, distinctly shorter than wide, of culm leaves 0.5 - 1.5 (- 2.9) mm long, membranous, rounded to truncate, not or only slightly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface scaberulous to sometimes smooth; blades 1 - 17 cm long, (0.6 -) 1 - 5 mm wide as opened out, basal blades and those of tillers often involute and 0.3 - 0.8 mm wide as rolled, sometimes flat, culm blades generally flat or becoming convolute upon drying, less often involute, usually soft and lax, rarely firm, abaxial and adaxial surfaces and margins smooth or scaberulous. Panicles 3 - 20 cm long, 2.5 - 8 cm wide, usually open, sometimes partially closed after flowering, lax, usually ovoid to pyramidal, subincluded in the basal foliage to greatly exerted, lateral branches without spikelets in the lower 1 / 2, long, ascending or spreading but not held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches scabrous or smooth; pedicels 1 - 2 mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, dilated or not at their apex, smooth or scaberulous. Spikelets (not including awn, if present) (1.8 -) 2 - 2.5 (- 2.7) mm long; glumes subequal, the lower slightly longer than the upper, 1 - veined, lower glume keel usually scabrous in the distal half, sometimes scabrous throughout, upper glume keel often smooth throughout, infrequently scabrous in the distal half, apices acute; floret 2 / 3 - 3 / 4 the length of the glumes; calluses glabrous or with 2 sparse lateral tufts of short hairs; lemmas 1.4 - 2.2 mm long, 3 - or 5 - veined, glabrous or sometimes pubescent at the base when 5 - veined, smooth, apex obtuse or truncate, erose, muticous or with an awn 0.5 - 3 mm long, inserted above the middle of the dorsal keel, exerted from the glumes or not, straight, flexuose or geniculate, twisted or not, weak and easily falling, usually found only on the 5 - veined lemmas; paleas 0.6 - 1.3 mm long, (2 / 5 -) 1 / 2 - 3 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.8 - 1.4 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
C8AA0E2AB915535E8BFC2721AE80126F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Eurasian, introduced to the north of South America. Predominantly found in grazed paramo and puna vegetation. Agrostis capillaris is here recorded as a new regional record for the Depto. Boyaca of Colombia. Giraldo-Canas et al. (2016) mention it as an introduced and cultivated herb based on the record of A. tenuis by Hafliger and Scholz (1981). It is likely to be an under-recorded element in many Colombian regions with paramo habitat.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
E5120C2B4C2053C78E39585AD3D56D80.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia [Ecuador]. Crescit in cacumine monte Pichincha [On Pichincha at the limits of perpetual snow], 15676 ft [4778 m alt. based on protologue; 15000 ft written on isotypes], no date [21 Jan. 1856 on GH isotype], W. Jameson 229 (holotype: K; isotypes: GH (GH 00221375 [image!]), P (P 00740550 [image!]), US (US 843246 fragm. ex K )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
E5120C2B4C2053C78E39585AD3D56D80.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, tussock-forming or laxly to densely tufted, usually with short ascending rhizomes. Tillers extravaginal and intravaginal, with cataphylls usually present. Culms 15 - 30 cm tall, erect, rigid and thickened, with 0 nodes exerted at flowering, smooth or scaberulous. Leaves usually more-or-less evenly spread along the culm, sometimes congested basally, glabrous, usually densely scabrous; ligules 3 - 8 mm long, of upper culm 4 - 8 mm long, usually scarious (at least in part), triangular and obtuse to acute, moderately to strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface scaberulous to scabrous; blades 3 - 12 cm long, 2 - 6 mm wide when opened out, flat or folded, sometimes somewhat involute towards their apices, straight or slightly recurved, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, surfaces and margins usually densely scabrous throughout, apices naviculate-acute. Panicles 5 - 12.7 cm long x 1 - 1.7 (- 2.5) cm wide, densely congested, spikelike, sometimes interrupted towards the base, usually exerted from the basal foliage or sometimes subincluded, lateral branches with spikelets usually present almost to the base, upper lateral branches short and held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches moderately to densely scabrous; pedicels 0.7 - 4 mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, not obviously dilated at their apex, scabrous. Spikelets (not including awn) 3 - 4.2 mm long; glumes equal or subequal, 1 - veined, keels smooth or lightly scabrous, surfaces smooth, apices acuminate; floret usually c. 1 / 2 the length of the glumes, rarely slightly longer; calluses pilose with 2 sparse tufts of short hairs on the lateral sides; lemmas 1.5 - 2 mm long, glabrous, smooth, 5 - veined, apex truncate, denticulate, awned, awn 2 - 2.8 mm long, inserted in the lower 1 / 2 of the dorsal keel, exerted from the glumes, geniculate, twisted, persistant; paleas absent or 0.1 - 0.2 mm long, <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers (0.5 -) 0.6 - 0.8 (- 1) mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
E5120C2B4C2053C78E39585AD3D56D80.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru. High-elevation superparamo and subnival vegetation in the puna grasslands of Peru. In Boyaca, found in superparamos,> 4300 m alt.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
E5120C2B4C2053C78E39585AD3D56D80.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Boyaca: Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, arribando a la morrena, 6.61779 N, 72.38899 W, 4354 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3130 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo el Penon, Chiscas, 6.63012 N, 72.40073 W, 4172 m alt., vegetacion de pajonal frailejonal, paramo humedo, 3 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3151 (FMB, K, US); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, 4600 m alt., tufted grass in loose soil, 6 Aug. 1957, P. J. Grubb 306 (US 2304908; US 2433280); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, alto valle de Las Lagunillas, [6.3469 N, 72.33 W], 4000 - 4300 m alt., 12 Sept. 1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1466 (US 2780332); 1467 (US 1772999); 1474 (US 1773004; US 2855551); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, Superparamo, abrigo rocoso, denominado Cueva de los Hombres, 3 km aprox. al N del morro Pulpito del Diablo, [6.3995 N, 72.3122 W], 4350 m alt., graminea cerca del abrigo, asociada con Senecio guicanensis, 28 Feb. 1973, A. M. Cleef 8609 (US 2785677); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Quebrada Bocatoma, superparamo 2 km al E de la Laguna Pintada, [6.4795 N, 72.3167 W], 4280 m alt., playa arenosa humeda con gramineas, Ditrichum sp. y algas terrestres, graminea muy comun, 5 Oct. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5862 (US 3207543); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Quebrada Bocatoma, superparamo, [6.4795 N, 72.3167 W], 4310 m alt., playa arenosa humeda con gramineas y cianofitos terrestres de la lagunita central, graminea comun, 04 Oct. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5792 (US 2797551); Caldas: Nevado del Ruiz, superparamo, vallecitos poco humedos, Arenales 1 km al SW del Refugio cerca del empalme de la carretera, [4.8956 N, 75.3508 W], 4680 m alt., 18 Mar. 1972, A. M. Cleef 2398 (US 2785739).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
6FD7B83B154455AD9CB01EC1A5B9A734.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Germany. [Inter arundinum et salices ad ripas Visurgis Ducatus Bremensis], A. W. Roth s. n. (lectotype, designated by Widen 1971: 97: G (G 00195254 [image!]); isolectotypes: BM (BM 001134107 [image!]), L). Many heterotypic synonyms.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
4E7CFCB1729C50408D8C94AC584BC6C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Chile. Nuble: Valle de las Nieblas, Chillan, Jan. 1877, sin col. s. n. [" 185 " in Herb. R. A. Phillippi s. d.] (holotype: SGO-PHIL (SGO-PHIL 185); isotypes: BAA (BAA 00001345 [image!]), BM (BM 000938537 [image!]), SGO (SGO 000000042 [image!], SGO 000000044 [image!], US (US 00156439! fragm. ex SGO-PHIL- 185), W (W 19160040633 [image!] )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
4E7CFCB1729C50408D8C94AC584BC6C6.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, laxly to densely tufted, sometimes stooling, with laterally tending or ascending pseudostolons, or rhizomatous with rhizomes ascending or vertical. Tillers intravaginal and extravaginal, with cataphylls usually present. Culms (7 -) 24 - 60 (- 65) cm tall, usually decumbent at their base or slightly creeping and rooting from the nodes, rarely completely erect, firm, with (0 -) 1 - 2 nodes exerted at flowering, smooth or scaberulous. Leaves usually mostly basal in first seasons growth, becoming mostly cauline as plant ages, glabrous, usually scaberulous with undeveloped scabers throughout, sometimes notably scabrous throughout; ligules 2.5 - 6.7 (- 10) mm long, of upper culm (2.8 -) 3 - 6.7 (- 10) mm long, usually scarious (at least in part), acute to acuminate, sometimes fimbriate, strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface scabrous; blades 2.8 - 9 (- 11) cm long, 0.5 - 1 mm wide in diameter as rolled or folded, convolute, involute, or conduplicate, rigid, abaxial surface smooth to scaberulous, adaxial surface lightly scabrous on the veins, apices usually naviculate-acute. Panicles (3 -) 6 - 12.5 (- 20) cm long, (0.5 -) 2 - 6 cm wide, open to slightly contracted when young, usually ovoid, slightly to greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches without spikelets near their base and for a long distance, long and ascending or spreading to becoming divaricate at maturity but not held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches scaberulous; pedicels (0.9 -) 1.5 - 3.5 mm long, often slightly longer than their spikelets or sometimes shorter, dilated or not at their apex, scaberulous. Spikelets (2.3 -) 2.5 - 2.7 (- 3.5) mm long; glumes equal or subequal, similar or lower glume slightly wider and longer than the upper, 1 - veined, keels usually scabrous in the distal 1 / 2 - 3 / 4, upper glume sometimes completely smooth, apices acute to acuminate; floret usually 3 / 4 the length of the glumes or slightly longer; calluses glabrescent, with very sparse short hairs; lemmas 1.6 - 1.8 (- 2.5) mm long, glabrous, lightly scaberulous throughout or just in distal 1 / 2, sometimes with just undeveloped scabers as pustulate bases, 5 - veined, apex obtuse or truncate, denticulate, muticous, mucronate, or sometimes with a short straight awn to 0.5 mm long, inserted in the middle or upper 1 / 3 of the lemma and not surpassing the glumes, weak and falling easily; paleas usually c. 0.2 mm long, <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 1 - 1.2 (- 2) mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
4E7CFCB1729C50408D8C94AC584BC6C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Agrostis cf. imberbis is a new record for Colombia and paramo vegetation in general, and is not found in the most recent checklist for Colombia (Giraldo-Canas et al. 2016), the paramo checklist (Luteyn 1999) or checklists for Ecuador (Jorgensen and Ulloa-Ulloa 1994; Jorgensen and Leon-Yanez 1999), Venezuela (Hokche et al. 2008; Bono 2010), or Costa Rica (Morales-Quiros 2003) which host paramo vegetation. The species was previously considered to be restricted to Argentina and Chile (Rugolo de Agrasar 2012), but has also been recorded for Bolivia (Jorgensen et al. 2014) and Peru (Davidse et al. 1993; Soreng et al. 2003 and onwards; W 3 TROPICOS-Peru Checklist 2020; Oscar Tovar unpubl. data).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
4E7CFCB1729C50408D8C94AC584BC6C6.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. Colombia. Boyaca: Munic. Belen, Paramo de La Rusia, near Paramo El Consuelo, unprotected private land, somewhat disturbed paramo grazed by horses and rodents, dominated by Espeletia boyacensis [Cuatrec.], 6.02146 N, 72.5718 W, 3832 m alt., 22 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2228 (US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo el Penon, Chiscas, borde de bosque de Polylepis, 6.59582 N, 72.44284 W, 3771 m alt., 5 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3159 (K, SI, US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, pajonal frailejonal, cercano al cerro de Chacaritas, con fuerte grado de inclinacion, 6.63108 N, 72.39815 W, 4082 m alt., 5 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3144 (FMB, K, SI, UPTC, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de La Rusia, NW-N de Duitama, [5.9281 N, 73.0936 W], 3600 m alt., aislada, vertiente seca con Calamagrostis effusa [Paramochloa effusa] predominante, asociada con Espeletia boyacensis y Acaena cylindristachya, graminea muy abundante, 7 Dec. 1972, A. M. Cleef 6821 (US 2785719); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de La Rusia, via que conduce a vereda de Avendanos, paramo semi-perturbado, pastado por cabras y quemado regularmente hasta hace 1 ano, 5.95011 N, 73.09097 W, 3795 m alt., 1 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3014 (COL, FMB, K, SI, US); 5.9324667 N, 73.0798 W, 3726 m alt., 4 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3029 (FMB, US); S. P. Sylvester 3031 (K, US); [Munic. El Cocuy and Soata,] between Soata and Cocuy, Paramo del Alto del Escobal, [6.3514 N, 72.5483 W], 3750 m alt., 8 Oct 1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1232 (US 1772922).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
16EBC6BFA25759909B0529CDFEA38C7C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Agrostis stolonifera L. (lectotype, designated by Hitchcock 1920: 125)	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
16EBC6BFA25759909B0529CDFEA38C7C.taxon	description	Description. Annuals or perennials. Leaves basal or cauline; ligules membranous to scarious. Inflorescence a panicle, lax and open to contracted and spikelike. Spikelets 1 - flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, laterally compressed; glumes as long as the spikelet, equal or subequal, persisting on the plant after the florets have fallen, usually 1 - veined, rarely 3 - veined; floret usually notably shorter than the glumes or reaching to 3 / 4 the length of the glumes, exceptionally longer; lemmas membranaceous or hyaline, generally thinner than the glumes, dorsally rounded, 3 - or 5 - veined, veins not or distinctly evident; paleas often absent or noticeably shorter than the lemma, sometimes reaching to 3 / 4 the length of the lemma, hyaline and slightly to notably thinner than the lemmas, keels usually obscure, rarely distinct, glabrous, usually smooth, rarely scaberulous; calluses rounded, glabrous or pubescent and usually with 2 lateral tufts of short hairs; rachilla prolongation absent. Flowers perfect; anthers 3 in number, 0.3 - 1.8 mm long. Caryopses hard (in species from Colombia) or sometimes with liquid endosperm.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
F316DE4CBAEF53AA88EE93500633110F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia. Cauca: collected on paramo de Purace, Central Cordillera, 3500 m alt., 26 May 1944, E. P. Kilip & F. C. Lehmann 38598 (holotype: US (US 1856227 )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
DED1619CE72D57139424FFF7019A50FD.taxon	materials_examined	Type. USA. Alaska, 1829, D. Mertens s. n. (lectotype, designated by Widen (1971: 52): LE-TRIN (LE-TRIN 1622.01, plant 1); isolectotypes: BAA (BAA 00001355 [image!] fragm. ex LE-TRIN), S (S-G- 263 [image!] fragm. ex LE-TRIN )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
DED1619CE72D57139424FFF7019A50FD.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, tufted, sometimes with short lateral tending rhizomes present or stooling with pseudostolons present. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls present. Culms 20 - 65 cm tall, erect, ascendant, or geniculate at the base, delicate and slender, with 0 - 2 (- 3) nodes exerted at flowering, smooth. Leaves mostly cauline but with basal leaves present, glabrous, smooth throughout or finely scaberulous on the blade adaxial surface and margins; ligules (0.6 -) 2 - 6 mm long, membranous or scarious, obtuse to acuminate, not or slightly to moderately decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface smooth or scaberulous; blades 10 - 13 cm long, 1 - 3 mm wide when opened out, usually flat, soft and lax, less often involute and semi-rigid, tiller blades tending to be more involute and thin, semi-rigid, smooth throughout or finely scaberulous on the adaxial surface and / or margins, apices acute to acuminate. Panicles 5 - 15 cm long, c. 4 - 16 cm wide, open when flowering and mature, congested when immature, lax, ovoid to pyramidal, slightly to usually greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches without spikelets in the lower 1 / 2, long, ascending, spreading, to somewhat divergent and not held close to the central inflorescence axis at flowering or maturity, adpressed when young, central axis and panicle branches scabrous or smooth; pedicels 1 - 6 (- 15) mm long, sometimes shorter to usually much longer than their spikelets, not or slightly dilated at their apex, smooth or scaberulous. Spikelets (not including awn) (2.2 -) 2.5 - 3 (- 4) mm long; glumes unequal, the lower slightly longer than the upper by up to c. 0.5 mm, 1 - veined, keels smooth to scabrous throughout or more commonly scabrous in the upper half, apices acute; floret usually 2 / 3 - 3 / 4 the length of the glumes; calluses lightly pilose with 2 sparse lateral tufts of short hairs; lemmas 1.7 - 2 mm long, glabrous, smooth, 5 - veined, apex obtuse to acute, 2 - dentate, 2 - 4 mucronate, awned, awn (1.8 -) 2.5 - 4.5 mm long, inserted dorsally in the middle or lower third, exerted from the glumes, flexuose to geniculate, twisted, persistant; paleas absent or 0.2 - 0.5 mm long, <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.5 - 1 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
DED1619CE72D57139424FFF7019A50FD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Exhibits a disjunct distribution, being found in very cold Arctic and sub-Arctic areas of the Northern Hemisphere (i. e. North America, Europe and Asia), and also in the high Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile (Soreng et al. 2003 and onwards; Rugolo de Agrasar 2012). It has most likely been introduced and naturalized in South America.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
DED1619CE72D57139424FFF7019A50FD.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Boyaca: Munic. Arcabuco, Paramo El Valle, Vereda el Carmen, paramo muy humedo dominado por Chusquea, pastoreo natural, 5.75425 N, 73.3830278 W, 3430 m alt., 15 Nov. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3067 b (COL, FMB, K, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de Agueros, via que conduce a vereda de Avendanos, 5.91464 N, 73.07114 W, 3445 m alt., 28 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3047 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de Agueros, semi disturbed paramo in Agueros reserve above ridge- along path running through reserve, 5.91653 N, 73.07164 W, 3445 m alt., 29 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3052 (FMB, K, UPTC, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de La Rusia, Guanenta Alto Rio Fonce National Park, top of the ridge Pena Negra just below military base, ridge along the top of a steep rocky landscape, open paramo with Espeletia cachaluensis, no signs of grazing, 5.58389 N, 73.053263 W, 3970 m alt., 21 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2198 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de La Rusia, Fina Betania, vereda El Carmen on other side of river, 5.95333 N, 73.10864 W, 3445 m alt., 30 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3060 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de La Rusia, via que conduce a Vereda de Avendanos, paramo semi-perturbado, pastado por cabras y quemado regularmente hasta hace 1 ano, 5.95011 N, 73.09097 W, 3795 m alt., 1 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3004 (COL, FMB, K, US); Munic. Duitama, valley between Guantiva and La Rusia, between Susacon and Onsaga, 2 km towards Onzaga, 6.10091 N, 72.48263 W, 3292 m alt., 24 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2304 a (FMB, K, US); Munic. Mongua, Paramo de Oceta, Valle de Laguna Negra, pajonal frailejonal, terreno inclinado en medio del valle, 5.70664 N, 72.80361 W, 3699 m alt., 29 Nov. 2017, L. E. Cuta-Alarcon 365 (FMB, K, UPTC, US); Munic. Mongui, Paramo de Oceta, Sector La Pedrisca, Vereda Vallado, potrero con 20 anos de abandono dominado por Senecio y Espeletia boyacensis, y gramineas exoticas, 5.69969 N, 72.80892 W, 3751 m alt., 30 Nov. 2017, L. E. Cuta-Alarcon 377 (FMB, K, SI, US); Munic. Sotaquira, protected area of Paramo El Valle, day 2 East ridge walk, somewhat disturbed patch of open paramo between patches of Chusquea tessellata [Munro], dominated by Espeletia boyacensis, limited natural grazing, 5.44436 N, 73.22089 W, 3717 m alt., 16 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2155 (FMB, K, US).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
638D5321DB6B5F9EBE332D3FCBF41B79.taxon	materials_examined	Type. USA. South Carolina: Richmond County, Fort Jackson Military Reservation, found at the intersection of Cut Off Rd. and Fire Break 49, 11 July 1995, K. B. Kelly, Jr. & J. B. Nelson 254 (neotype, designated by Ward (2007: 1099): GH (GH 00247994 [image!] )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
638D5321DB6B5F9EBE332D3FCBF41B79.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, laxly to densely tufted, sometimes stooling or with short ascending pseudostolons that have the appearance of rhizomes on herbarium sheets. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls present. Culms (21 -) 33 - 64 (- 100) cm tall, erect or decumbent to subgeniculate at their base, delicate to fairly firm, with 0 - 2 (- 3) nodes exerted at flowering, smooth to rarely scaberulous. Leaves mainly basal early in the flowering season but tending to become mostly cauline with maturity, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous; ligules 0.5 - 5 (- 7) mm long, of basal leaves and tillers 0.5 - 2.5 mm long, of upper culm 3 - 5 (- 7) mm long, truncate to obtuse-triangular, slightly to strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface scabrous to scaberulous, rarely smooth; blades (3 -) 6 - 15 cm long, (1 -) 1.5 - 3.5 (- 5) mm wide, usually flat or conduplicate and lax to slightly firm, sometimes involute and rigid in the basal leaves, smooth throughout or scaberulous on margins and sometimes surfaces, apices acute. Panicles (3.5 -) 10 - 22 cm long, 2 - 11 cm wide, open, lax, ovoid to pyramidal, slightly to usually greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches without spikelets near their base and for a large distance, long, ascending, spreading, to somewhat divergent and not held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches smooth or lightly scaberulous; pedicels 1 - 4.5 mm long, usually longer than their spikelets, not or slightly dilated at their apex, smooth or lightly scaberulous. Spikelets (not including awn, if present) (1.5 -) 1.8 - 2.5 (- 3.2) mm long; glumes subequal, 1 - veined, keels scabrous in the distal 1 / 2 - 1 / 3, apices acute; floret usually 1 / 2 - 2 / 3 the length of the glumes, rarely longer; calluses lightly pilose with 2 sparse lateral tufts of short hairs; lemmas 1.5 - 2 mm long, glabrous, smooth, 5 - veined, apex acute to more-or-less truncate, denticulate, muticous, mucronate or exceptionally with a short awn to 0.5 mm long (to 1.4 - 1.9 mm long in Argentina; Rugolo de Agrasar 2012), inserted in the upper (1 / 2) 1 / 3 of the dorsal keel, usually not or rarely only slightly surpassing the glumes, straight, not twisted, weak and falling easily; paleas absent or to 0.5 mm long, usually <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.7 - 1 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
638D5321DB6B5F9EBE332D3FCBF41B79.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Stretching from Alaska, Canada and USA, through Central America and the Caribbean, to Argentina and Chile of South America. The species has an exceptionally large ecological amplitude, being found in maritime dunes, wetlands, and grasslands from sea level to> 4000 m alt.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
638D5321DB6B5F9EBE332D3FCBF41B79.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Boyaca: Munic. Belen, Paramo de La Rusia, near Paramo El Consuelo, unprotected private land, somewhat disturbed paramo grazed by horses and rodents, with Espeletia boyacensis and E. discoides, near path, 6.02415 N, 72.57289 W, 3831, 22 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2247 (FMB, K, SI, UPTC, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de Agueros. junto a la casa, muy perturbado, pastizales junto a la plantacion de pinos, 8.91069 N, 73.07219 W, 3377 m alt., 28 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3039 (FMB, K, SI, UPTC, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de La Rusia, Guanenta Alto Rio Fonce National Park, top of the ridge Pena Negra just below military base, ridge along the top of a steep rocky landscape, 5.58389 N, 73.053263 W, 3970 m alt., open Paramo with Espeletia cachaluensis, no signs of grazing, 21 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2203 (US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de la Rusia, Vereda El Carmen, 5.95333 N, 73.11019 W, 3445 m alt., 30 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3064 (FMB, K, SI, US); Munic. Duitama, Paramo de la Rusia, via que conduce a vereda de Avendanos, 5.95011 N, 73.09097 W, 3795 m alt., 1 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3002 (COL, FMB, K, SI, US); 5.93246 N, 73.0798 W, 3726 m alt., 4 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3036 (COL, K, SI, UPTC, US); Munic. Sotaquira, protected area of Paramo El Valle, paramo just above riverine forest, 5.4605 N, 73.21507 W, 3220 m alt., 17 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2161 (K, SI, US); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Alto Valle Lagunillas, paramo pantanoso al sur de la Laguna Cuadrada, [6.3619 N, 72.3345 W], 4060 m alt., 26 Sep. 1972, A. M. Cleef 5579 (US 2785750). Narino: Paramo del Tabano, alto de la Cordillera, entre Pasto y El Escano, vertiente occidental, [1.1756 N, 77.1867 W], 3200 m alt., 11 Jan. 1941, J. Cuatrecasas 11908 - A (US 1798782).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
C7F8480B22565A52A016705333DB395B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia. Norte de Santander: Collected on paramo de Tama, above Cueva, 3100 - 3200 m alt., 27 Oct. 1941, J. Cuatrecasas, R. E. Schultes, & E. Smith 12608 (holotype: US (US 1850358 )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
7142DF34C24055CDB980925206686C0D.taxon	materials_examined	Type. [Habitat in Europa], Herb. A. van Royen s. n. (lectotype, designated by Widen 1971: 77: L (L 0059234 [image!] )). Many heterotypic synonyms.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
7142DF34C24055CDB980925206686C0D.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, generally creeping, usually extensively stoloniferous with long stolons to 200 cm long, less often with short stolons, rhizomes usually absent. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls present. Culms 15 - 100 cm tall, erect or decumbent at their base, delicate to fairly firm, nodes usually held within sheaths with 0 (- 3) exerted at flowering, usually smooth to rarely scaberulous. Leaves mainly cauline, glabrous, scaberulous; ligules 1 - 6.5 (- 8) mm long, of basal leaves and tillers 1 - 3 mm long, of upper culm 2 - 6.5 (- 8) mm long, rounded to truncate, not or slightly to moderately decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface scaberulous; blades 2 - 26 cm long, 1 - 8 mm wide, flat or sometimes folded, soft and lax, surfaces and margins scaberulous to scabrous, apices acute. Panicles 2 - 20 (- 32) cm long, 1 - 16 cm wide, open and lax or contracted after flowering, ovoid to pyramidal, slightly to usually greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches naked in the lower 1 / 3 - 1 / 4 or with spikelets present to the base, long, ascending, spreading, to somewhat divergent and not held close to the central inflorescence axis at or before flowering, held close to the central rachis at maturity, central axis and panicle branches scabrous or very rarely smooth; pedicels 0.5 - 2.5 mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, dilated or not at their apex, scabrous. Spikelets (not including awn, if present) 1.8 - 3 mm long; glumes subequal or unequal, the lower slightly longer than the upper by up to c. 0.5 mm, 1 - veined, lower glume keel usually scabrous in the distal half, upper glume often smooth throughout, apices acute; floret usually 2 / 3 - 3 / 4 the length of the glumes; calluses with 2 sparse lateral tufts of short hairs; lemmas 1.2 - 2.2 (- 2.5) mm long, (3 -) 5 - veined, glabrous or rarely pubescent at the base with hairs 0.1 - 0.2 mm long, smooth, apex obtuse or truncate, erose, muticous or rarely with an awn 0.5 - 3 mm long, usually inserted above the middle of the dorsal keel, exerted or not from the glumes, straight, flexuose or geniculate, twisted or not, weak and falling easily; paleas 0.7 - 1.3 (- 1.6) mm long, (2 / 5 -) 1 / 2 - 3 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.9 - 1.6 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
7142DF34C24055CDB980925206686C0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Widespread and cosmopolitan or Eurasian origin, introduced to South America from Europe. While no specimens of A. stolonifera were verified from Departamento Boyaca at US or encountered during extensive fieldwork in the region, the species is cited for Boyaca in the checklist (Giraldo-Canas et al. 2016) and specimens were found at US from the neighboring Departamento Cundinamarca in the Cordillera Oriental meaning it likely that the species occurs in Boyaca.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
7142DF34C24055CDB980925206686C0D.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Cundinamarca: Sabana de Bogota, 2600 m alt., 29 Dec. 1938, J. Cuatrecasas 452 (US 1772826); Tunjuelo, granja experimental " La Picota ", [4.5331 N, 74.1117 W], 2600 m alt., 3 Feb. 1933, H. Garcia-Barriga 6 (US 2115003).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
3AE720BF0D3C5BE694C0B31295CB6E1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Mexico. Chihuahua: in wet places, pine plains, base of Sierra Madre Mountains, 28 Sep. 1887, C. G. Pringle 1420 (holotype: US (US 00131756 [image!]); isotypes: BAB (BAB 00000208 [image!] fragm. ex US), E (E 00381793 [image!]), F (F 0046565 F [image!]), GH (GH 00221377 [image!]), K (K 000308371 [image!]), MSC (MSC 0129855 [image!]), NY (NY 00327645 [image!], NY 00327646 [image!]), US (US 00131757 [image!] )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
3AE720BF0D3C5BE694C0B31295CB6E1C.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Mexico. Chihuahua: [Munic. Casas Grandes], near Colonia Garcia in the Sierra Madre, 1 Aug. 1899, E. W. Nelson 6195 (US 359911); Chichupa, 23 Aug. 1937, Harde LeSueur 198 (US 1721671). Venezuela. Sin loc., no date, Fendler 2541 (US 843224).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
9FED202A658955E48A38CF45E18212D9.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Mexico. [prope Toluca et Islahuaca], F. W. H. A. Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s. n. (holotype: P (P 00669394 [image!]); isotypes: B (B-W 1704), BAA (BAA 00000235 [image!] fragm. ex P), BM, K (microfiche), LE-TRIN (LE-TRIN 1660.01), P (P 00136914 [image!]; P 00136915 [image!]; P 00740426 [image!]), US (US 00156505! fragm. ex P )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
9FED202A658955E48A38CF45E18212D9.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, tussock-forming or laxly to densely tufted, usually with short ascending rhizomes. Tillers extravaginal and intravaginal, with cataphylls usually present. Culms (3 -) 5.5 - 51 (- 80) cm tall, erect or arching, fairly firm, with 0 (- 2) nodes exerted at flowering, smooth or rarely scaberulous. Leaves mostly basal or more-or-less evenly spread along the culm, glabrous, smooth or scabrous; ligules 2 - 4 (- 6.2) mm long, of upper culm usually longer than those of lower culm and tillers, truncate to triangular, moderately to strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface usually scabrous, rarely scaberulous or smooth; blades 2.5 - 19 cm long, 1 - 3 (- 5) mm wide, at least in the upper culm filiform, folded or flat, usually lax to sometimes firm, sometimes basal and tiller blades involute or convolute and firm to rigid, smooth throughout or scabrous only on the margin and sometimes veins, apices blunt or slightly naviculate-acute. Panicles (1 -) 2 - 15 cm long, 0.1 - 1.5 cm wide, moderately to densely congested, sub-spikelike or spikelike, sometimes interrupted towards the base, subincluded in the basal foliage or slightly to greatly exerted, lateral branches with spikelets almost to the base, upper lateral branches short and held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches scabrous; pedicels 0.7 - 3 (- 4.5) mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, not or slightly dilated at their apex, scabrous. Spikelets (not including awn, if present) 2 - 3 (- 3.6) mm long; glumes equal or subequal, 1 - veined, lower glume keel and surface usually scabrous at least in the distal half, infrequently smooth throughout, upper glume keel and surface scabrous for almost their entirety to at least in the distal half or surface sometimes smooth throughout, apices acute or acuminate; floret 1 / 2 - 2 / 3 (- 3 / 4) the length of the glumes; calluses lightly pilose with 2 sparse tufts of short hairs on the lateral sides; lemmas 1.4 - 2.8 mm long, glabrous, smooth, 5 - veined, apex truncate, denticulate, usually awned, awn 2 - 3.5 mm long, inserted in the lower, middle, or upper 1 / 3 of the dorsal keel, exerted from the glumes, geniculate, twisted, very rarely muticous or with a short straight awn, <1 mm long, inserted in the upper half of the lemma (see notes below regarding A. glomerata); paleas absent or 0.1 - 0.2 mm long, <1 / 4 the length of the lemma; rachilla absent; anthers 0.5 - 1 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
9FED202A658955E48A38CF45E18212D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina. High-elevation open grasslands and forests, 2700 - 4900 m alt.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
9FED202A658955E48A38CF45E18212D9.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Colombia. Sin loc., 1760 - 1808, J. C. Mutis 5521 (US 1561906). Boyaca: Munic. Arcabuco, Paramo El Valle, 5.7445833 N, 73.37118 W, 3744 m alt., 16 Nov. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3081 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Arcabuco, Paramo El Valle, just below high point of ridge to the W of site 14, 5.75436 N, 73.38722 W, 3747 m alt., paramo seco dominado por Espeletia barclayana [Cuatrec.], 16 Nov. 2017, S. P. Sylvester 3083 (K, US); Munic. Belen, Paramo de La Rusia, border with Santander, Boqueron El Consuelo, unprotected private land, 6.03598 N, 72.57056 W, 3975 m alt., paramo with limited grazing by horses and rodents with Espeletia brachyaxiantha [S. Diaz] and E. annemariana [Cuatrec.], steep slope on rock outcrop, 23 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2260 (FMB, K, SI, US); Munic. Belen, Paramo de La Rusia, near Paramo Le Consuelo, unprotected private land, somewhat disturbed paramo on top of the ridge, 6.02416 N, 72.57242 W, 3894 m alt., grazed by horses and rodents, with Espeletia boyacensis, 22 Nov. 2017, M. Vorontsova 2231 (K, UPTC, US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, asociado a rocas de 4 m de altura, 6.62227 N, 72.3904 W, 4192 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3115 (US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo de Chacaritas, limites entre paramo y superparamo, 6.62865 N, 72.3944 W, 4064 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3104 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo El Penon, Chiscas, 6.63012 N, 72.40073 W, 4172 m alt., 5 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3152 (UPTC); Munic. Chiscas, Paramo El Penon, Chiscas, 6.62876 N, 72.40283 W, 4255 m alt., vegetacion de pajonal frailejonal, paramo humedo, 5 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester 3153 (FMB, K, US); Munic. Mongua, Paramo de Oceta, Valle de Laguna Negra, 5.69525 N, 72.79133 W, 3694 m alt., 29 Nov. 2017, L. E. Cuta-Alarcon 355 (FMB, K, UPTC, US); Munic. Mongui, Vereda Vallado, Sector La Pedrisca, Paramo de Oceta, 5.69969 N, 72.80891 W, 3751 m alt., 30 Nov. 2017, L. E. Cuta-Alarcon 376 (FMB, US). Cauca: Macizo Colombiano, Valle de las Papas, alrededores de Valencia, [1.8831 N, 76.6828 W], 2910 m alt., 11 Sep. - 1 Oct. 1958, Idrobo, Pinto & Bischler 3682 A (US 2540528). Cundinamarca: Paramo de Chisaca, [4.2747 N, 74.2006 W], 3750 - 3962 m alt., 5 Oct. 1966, T. R. Soderstrom 1312 (US 3136708).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
4316A902961559B5BC7ACB2D8730E969.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Costa Rica. Cartago: Volcan Turrialba, 27 May 1884, H. Pittier 855 (holotype: B; isotype: US (US 00131127 )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
F1D83F714474594E8738DE6D077F814F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Agrostis canina var. aequivalvis Trin. (lectotype, designated by Hitchcock 1920: 127).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
F1D83F714474594E8738DE6D077F814F.taxon	description	Description. Perennials. Leaves mainly basal; ligules membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, lax and open to contracted and spikelike. Spikelets 1 - flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, laterally compressed; glumes as long as the spikelet, equal or subequal, persisting on the plant after the florets have fallen; lower glume 1 - or 3 - veined; upper glume 1 - (2 -) or 3 - veined; floret subequalling to equaling the apex of the glumes; lemmas membranaceous, often slightly thicker than the glumes, dorsally rounded, 3 - or 5 - veined, lateral veins not evident to distinct; paleas well-developed, reaching from (2 / 3) 3 / 4 to subequaling the lemma, keels obscure to distinct, glabrous, usually smooth; calluses rounded, blunt, usually glabrous, or with two short lateral tufts of hairs to 0.5 mm long in some species, abaxially smooth; rachilla prolongation present, varying from rudimentary to 2 / 3 the floret in length, glabrous or sometimes with short strict hairs to 0.3 mm long emerging only from the apex, smooth or scaberulous. Flowers perfect; anthers 3 in number, 0.4 - 2.2 mm long. Caryopses hard.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Peru. Crescit in crepidinibus Andium Peruvianum justa Montan, Santa Cruz et Guambos, alt. 1350 hexap. [2469 m alt.], floret Augusto, F. W. H. A. Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s. n. (holotype: P; isotypes: HAL (HAL 0106929 [image!]), US (US 75364! fragm. ex P )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, forming short dense tufts, with the basal mats reaching c. 4 - 11 cm tall and inflorescences well-exerted from the basal foliage. Tillers intravaginal, without cataphylls. Culms 7 - 20 (- 30) cm tall, erect, simple, delicate, with 0 (- 1) nodes exerted at flowering, smooth. Leaves mostly basal, glabrous, finely to densely scabrous; ligules 0.7 - 1.7 (- 2.5) mm long, of basal leaves and tillers 0.7 - 1.2 mm long, of upper culm leaves generally longer, truncate to obtuse, slightly to usually strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface smooth or rarely scaberulous; blades 1 - 4 cm long, 0.3 - 0.4 mm wide in diameter, involute or convolute, acicular to capillaceous and filiform, usually curved, rigid, apices acute. Panicles 2 - 5 (- 6) cm long, 1 - 2 (- 3) cm wide, lax and open, ovoid, slightly to usually greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches with spikelets in the distal 1 / 3, the lower 2 / 3 naked, long, ascending to patent, not held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches usually scaberulous or sometimes smooth; pedicels 1 - 2 mm long, usually longer than the length of the spikelets, not or slightly dilated at their apex, smooth to usually lightly scabrous. Spikelets 1 - 1.5 mm long; glumes equal or subequal, the lower often slightly longer than the upper, 1 - veined, keels scabrous just in the distal 1 / 3 to throughout their length, surfaces smooth a scabrous distally, apices obtuse to acute; floret almost equaling the length of the glumes or slightly shorter; calluses glabrous; lemmas 1 - 1.5 mm long, glabrous, moderately to densely scabrous (' smooth' possibly mentioned by Tovar 1993!), sometimes granulose, apex obtuse, faintly to strongly 5 - veined, awn lacking or to 0.5 mm long, straight, inserted medially or in the upper half of the lemma, not surpassing the glumes; paleas (0.7 -) 0.9 - 1.3 mm long, usually reaching from 3 / 4 to subequaling the lemma, less often reaching 2 / 3 the length of the lemma; rachilla usually prolonged from the base of the floret (sometimes lacking in a small number of spikelets within the inflorescence), 0.2 - 0.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth to scabrous; anthers 0.4 - 1 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Colombia, Ecuador?, Peru, Venezuela, 2800 - 4500 m alt. Relatively humid high-Andean puna grasslands of southern and central Peru and paramo grasslands of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. May also occur in Bolivia according to Tovar (1993), although no specimens have been verified. No specimens have been verified from Ecuador, although it is mentioned to occur there (Hitchcock 1927; Tovar 1993; Jorgensen and Ulloa-Ulloa 1994; Jorgensen and Leon-Yanez 1999; Luteyn 1999). A common element in moderately grazed areas and path-sides of Boyacan paramo.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. See Sylvester et al. (2020).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Soreng, Robert J. (2020): Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species. PhytoKeys 151: 107-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
