taxonID	type	description	language	source
BF7CD347FFD82B07A4B5FA0E9DCFFEE3.taxon	description	C o m m e n t: This widespread Mediterranean species was previously unknown from Karpathos, Crete, and Cyprus.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFDB2B07A4B5FC909F9FFB93.taxon	description	Based on the different shape of the spermatheca, the specimens from Karpathos are not conspecific with the unnamed Dinusa sp. from Rhodos (see ASSING 2013 b).	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFDD2B01A4B5FBEF9EFFFAEC.taxon	description	C o m m e n t: The above records of this East Mediterranean subspecies were identified and communicated by PUTHZ (e-mail, 10. I. 2016).	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFDC2B00A4B5FF439DF7FDED.taxon	description	The populations of Karpathos are characterized by rather dark average coloration. While the brachypterous morph was predominant in the samples from pine litter and phrygana litter at intermediate elevations, those from phrygana litter at higher altitdes on Kali Limni were almost exclusively composed of macropterous specimens. Larvae, mostly of the first and second instar, were observed in numerous samples. Eleven specimens were infested with Laboulbeniales.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFDC2B1DA4B5FB269D9FFBA4.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with two horns) alludes to the conspicuous pair of processes at the base of the ventral process of the aedeagus. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 2.8 - 3.5 mm; length of forebody 1.3 - 1.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 11. Coloration: head brown to black; pronotum pale-reddish to brown, paler than head; elytra yellowish-red to dark-reddish, with the scutellar and postero-lateral portions usually slightly infuscate; abdomen blackish-brown to blackish, with the posterior margins of tergites III-VI, the posterior portion of tergite VII, and all of segments VIII-X reddish; legs yellowish; antennae dark-brown with the basal 2 - 3 antennomeres dark-yellowish; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish with palpomere III more or less distinctly infuscate. Head (Fig. 12) approximately as long as broad or indistinctly transverse, of suborbicular shape; punctation fine and dense; interstices with shallow microreticulation. Eyes of moderate size, weakly convex, distinctly shorter than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna 0.7 - 0.8 mm long and shaped as in Fig. 13. Maxillary palpus elongate, palpomere III approximately four times as long as broad. Pronotum (Fig. 12) approximately 1.25 times as broad as long and 1.4 times as broad as head, widest behind middle; posterior angles obsolete; punctation fine and very dense; interstices with extremely shallow microreticulation barely visible even at high magnification (100 x). Elytra (Figs 12, 14) approximately 0.9 times as long as pronotum; punctation dense and moderately fine; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings dimorphic, reduced in micropterous morph, fully developed in macropterous morph. Metatarsomere I as long as, or slightly longer than, the combined length of II-IV. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra; segments III-VI of subequal width; punctation fine and very dense, only slightly less dense on tergite VII (Fig. 15) than on tergite V; interstices mostly without microsculpture (indistinct traces may be visible at high magnification in posterior portions of tergites VI-VIII); posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. 3: middle of sternite VIII convexly produced; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 16 - 19) 0.40 - 0.44 mm long and of conspicuous shape, at base of ventral process with a pair of processes; crista apicalis strongly projecting in lateral view; parameres (Fig. 20) enormous (approximately 0.8 mm), nearly twice as long as median lobe, with moderately long apical lobe and with pronounced velum. ♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII broadly convex; spermatheca shaped as in Fig. 21. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: In general habitus, elongate maxillary palpi, and dense punctation O. bicornuta is similar to the sympatric (present also in Karpathos), widespread, parthenogenetic O. lurida, from which it differs by slightly larger body, darker antennae, the usually more colourful appearance (head more strongly contrasting with the paler pronotum and elytra; elytra bicoloured), the wing dimorphism, and by the presence of males. The spermathecae of both species are nearly identical in shape, but that of O. lurida is only weakly sclerotized. Based on the similar, undoubtedly synapomorphic, modifications of the aedeagus (median lobe with pair of process at base of ventral process and with strongly projecting crista apicalis; paramere of enormous size and with strongly developed velum), O. bicornuta is most closely related to a species from southern Turkey, which is described in an appendix to this article. For characters distinguishing both species see the description in the appendix. Oxypoda bicornuta is tentatively assigned to Atlantoxypoda ZERCHE, 1996, based on the general resemblance to O. lurida, which is currently included in this subgenus, too. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The specimens were found in six localities in the southern part of the island (northwards to the environs of Spoa). Two specimens were collected from under stones in a plateau with grass and phrygana vegetation, the remainder was sifted from litter and herb roots beneath old pine trees and in a stream valley. The vast majority of specimens (17 exs.) was found in the type locality by sifting pine litter and herb roots beneath an old pine tree in the shade of large rocks (Fig. 22). The altitudes range from 230 to 870 m. Eight of the specimens are macropterous, the remainder brachypterous.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFC12B1FA4B5FBEF9D5EFD0A.taxon	description	C o m m e n t: The unsexed paratypes collected by J. Frisch have my identification label " Medon cerrutii COIFFAIT, det. V. Assing 2006 " attached to them. The specimens recorded from Karpathos as M. cerrutii COIFFAIT, 1976 by ASSING (2007 a) refer to M. carpathius. E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from Carpathus, the Latin name for Karpathos. bars: 23: 1.0 mm; 24 - 29: 0.2 mm; 30: 0.1 mm. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 4.0 - 4.8 mm; length of forebody 2.4 - 2.6 mm. Size, coloration, and other external characters (Figs 23 - 25) as in M. cerrutii and other species of the M. petrochilosi subgroup. Distinguished only by the male sexual characters: 3: shapes and chaetotaxy of sternites VII (Fig. 26) and VIII (Fig. 27) similar to those of M. cerrutii, except for the setae at the posterior margin of sternite VII (median setae shorter; lateral combs usually composed of five setae); aedeagus (Figs 28 - 29) approximately 0.6 mm long; apex of ventral process and apical internal structures (Fig. 30) of distinctive shapes. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Based on the external (punctation and sculpture of head and pronotum) and the male primary and secondary sexual characters, M. carpathius belongs to the M. petrochilosi subgroup of the M. apicalis group. The M. petrochilosi subgroup previously included eight species distributed in the East Mediterranean, all of them with restricted distributions; for a distribution map see ASSING (2013 c). The new species is reliably distinguished from the geographically closest representatives of the M. petrochilosi subgroup only by the chaetotaxy of the male sternite VII and the morphology of the aedeagus, particularly the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view and the shape of the sclerotized apical internal structures. For illustrations of other related species see ASSING (2004 a, 2013 c). The geographically closest representatives of the M. petrochilosi subgroup are M. cerrutii (Crete), M. impar ASSING, 2004 (Rhodos), and M. caricus FAGEL, 1970 (southwestern Anatolia; Greek island Nikaría). D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The known distribution is confined to the environs of Spoa and Olympos in Karpathos. The specimens collected in December 2015 were sifted from moist leaf litter in stream valleys. The altitudes range from 210 to 500 m.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFC22B1EA4B5FE4C9E3BFA71.taxon	description	C o m m e n t: The label data of the material collected near Olympos all refer to the same locality (sample number 12; Fig. 31). E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from Kerpe, the Turkish name for Karpathos. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 1.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 32. Coloration pale reddish-brown. Body glossy, with curved erect pubescence directed posteriad. Eyes reduced to three ommatidia without pigmentation. Pronotum 0.30 mm long, maximal width (0.38 mm) at anterior third, 0.34 mm broad at posterior margin; punctation fine in anterior half, somewhat asperate in posterior half. Elytra 0.59 mm long, broadest (0.43 mm) at anterior third; punctation fine. All tibiae dilated in distal two-thirds and flattened on inner surface (i. e., the side facing body); without sexual dimorphism. 3: aedeagus (Figs 38 - 40) 0.25 mm long and 0.14 mm broad, symmetric; endophallus with two bent sclerites, the larger of these sclerites with three apices, two of which are strongly curved mediad, the smaller sclerite with two apices. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Cephennium kerpense is reliably distinguished from the externally similar C. jonicum HOLDHAUS, 1908 and several undescribed species from Crete, Rhodos, Samos, and Ikaría only by the shape and internal structures of the aedeagus. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Cephennium kerpense is endemic to Karpathos, where it was collected in three localities, one to the south of Olympos (Fig. 31) and two in the Kali Limni range (localities 12, 16, and 17 in Map 1). Most of the specimens found in 2015 were sifted from dry litter beneath shrubs in phrygana vegetation, one specimen also from litter and roots beneath an old pine tree. The altitudes range from 450 to 830 m.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFC22B1BA4B5FA519D71FEC2.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from Kerpe, the Turkish name for Karpathos. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 1.1 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 33. Coloration pale reddish-brown. Pubescence suberect and directed posteriad. Head 0.12 mm long and 0.19 mm broad. Eyes reduced to approximately four ommatidia with weakly pronounced pigmentation. Antenna short, 0.46 mm long, with the apical four antennomere forming a distinct club; antennomeres III-VI as long as broad; antennomeres IX and X twice as broad as long. Pronotum 0.28 mm long and 0.24 mm broad, broadest in the middle; basally with four impressions, the two median impressions larger than the lateral ones, separated from each other and from the posterior margin by approximately their diameter, and connected by a shallow transverse furrow. Elytra 0.64 mm long and 0.43 mm broad, broadest anterior to middle; with two small basal pits; humeral angles obsolete. Profemur much more strongly dilated apically (club-shaped) than meso- and metafemur. Metaventrite with sexual dimorphism, more strongly impressed in male than in female. 3: aedeagus (Fig. 34) 0.29 mm long and 0.14 mm broad; dorsal plate scoop-shaped, symmetric (except for a shallow lateral concavity), with a longitudinal structure of similar shape and orientation as internal sclerites; endophallus with two long and slender sclerites, the shorter one more strongly bent and with a short lateral process above the middle; ventral plate with wing-shaped, prominent lateral processes; parameres apically with two long and bent setae, subapically with a shorter staight seta. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Euconnus kerpensis is reliably distinguished from other similar Tetramelus species only by the shape and internal structures of the aedeagus. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Like all other named Scydmaeninae recorded from Karpathos, E. kerpensis is endemic to the island. The type locality is identical to that of Cephennium kerpense. The specimens were sifted from very dry litter beneath shrubs near large rocks in phrygana vegetation at an altitude of 460 m (Fig. 31).	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFC72B1AA4B5FECD9EBDFEC5.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from Kerpe, the Turkish name for Karpathos. D e s c r i p t i o n: Male. Habitus as in Fig. 35. Body length 1.20 - 1.25 mm. Body bicoloured, with head and pronotum pale reddish-brown and elytra dark reddish-brown to blackish-brown; legs, antennae, and palpi slightly paler than head and pronotum. Head (including eyes) strongly transverse, 0.28 mm broad and 0.20 mm long, 0.9 times as broad as pronotum, distinctly tapering behind eyes; supra-antennal elevations weakly pronounced; between eyes with a large impression on either side, these impressions gradually becoming deeper mediad and posteriad, posteriorly delimited by an oblique carina (completely visible only when head is fully protracted) (Fig. 36); anterior end of each carina with a cluster of few minute setae. Eyes large and prominent, composed of approximately 20 ommatidia, twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Pronotum (Fig. 36) weakly oblong, 0.34 mm long and 0.31 mm broad, broadest at anterior two-fifths; pubescence long, directed posteriad in anterior half and mediad in posterior half; basally only with two more or less minute pits separated from each other by a greater distance than from the posterior margin; lateral margins anteriorly straight or weakly concave in dorsal view; anterior angles weakly prominent, between them with short setae at anterior margin directed towards the middle of anterior margin. Elytra broadly oval and strongly convex in cross-section, 0.70 mm long and 0.57 mm broad, broadest at anterior two-fifths, height approximately three-fifths of elytral length (lateral view); humeral angle or fold absent; at base of each elytron with a circular impression; pubescence very long and erect, longest setae approximately as long as the combined length of antennomeres III-V; punctation very fine. Legs relatively long and slender, with weakly dilated femora; profemora without sexual dimorphism, only slightly more dilated than meso- and metafemora. Aedeagus (Fig. 37) slender, 0.24 mm long and 0.12 mm broad; sclerotized portion of dorsal aspect relatively long. Female. Characters as in male, except as follows: dorsal surface of head weakly convex in cross-section, without impressions and carinae; eyes slightly smaller, less prominent, composed of approximately 15 ommatidia; pronotum anteriorly with smoothly convex lateral margins in dorsal view, not angled and without special setae at anterior margin; pronotum in one female as long as broad. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is readily distinguished from all described congeners by its bicoloured body, the long and erect pubescence, and the male secondary sexual characters on the head and the pronotum. The latter are unique among the species of the genus. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: This island endemic is currently known only from one locality (Fig. 31), which is identical to the type locality of Cephennium kerpense and Euconnus kerpensis.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFC62B1AA4B5FECD9E65FDF0.taxon	description	C o m m e n t: The above female was collected in the locality illustrated in Fig. 31, where the other four species of Scydmaeninae were found, too. This species is similar to, but presumably not conspecific with, Euconnus dodecanicus FRANZ, 1966 from Rhodos. Males are required to clarify its identity.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
BF7CD347FFC62B14A4B5FCD89D2FFAB0.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin noun stirps (stump, trunk) and alludes to the pair of short processes at the base of the ventral process of the aedeagus. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.0 - 3.6 mm; length of forebody 1.3 - 1.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 41. Coloration: head dark-brown to black; pronotum and elytra brown to blackish-brown; abdomen blackish, with the posterior margins of tergites III-VII and all of segments VIII-X usually reddish to reddish-brown; legs yellowish to pale-reddish; antennae dark-brown with the basal 1 - 2 antennomeres dark-yellowish; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish with palpomere III more or less distinctly infuscate. Head (Fig. 42) approximately as long as broad, of suborbicular shape; punctation fine and dense; interstices with distinct microreticulation. Eyes of moderate size, weakly convex, as long as, or longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna 0.9 - 1.0 mm long and shaped as in Fig. 43. Maxillary palpus elongate, palpomere III approximately four times as long as broad. Pronotum (Figs 42, 44) approximately 1.3 times as broad as long and 1.45 - 1.55 times as broad as head, widest behind middle; posterior angles nearly obsolete; punctation fine and very dense; interstices with distinct microreticulation. Elytra (Fig. 42) 0.9 - 1.0 times as long as pronotum; punctation dense and fine; interstices with microreticulation. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I as long as, or slightly longer than, the combined length of II-IV. Abdomen narrower than elytra; segments III-V of subequal width, VI slightly narrower than V; punctation fine and very dense, as dense on tergite VII as on tergite V (Fig. 45); interstices mostly without microsculpture (indistinct traces may be visible at high magnification in posterior portions of tergites VI-VIII); posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. 3: middle of sternite VIII strongly convex; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 46 - 48) 0.42 - 0.44 mm long, at base of ventral process with a pair of short processes; crista apicalis moderately prominent in lateral view; parameres (Fig. 49) enormous (approximately 0.9 mm), approximately twice as long as median lobe, with moderately long apical lobe and with pronounced velum. ♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII broadly convex, in the middle weakly concave; spermatheca (Fig. 50) with very long and slender proximal portion. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Based on several evident synapomorphies (maxillary palpus elongate; median lobe of aedeagus with a pair of processes and a median carina at the base of the ventral process, and with a prominent crista apicalis; parameres enormous and with a pronounced velum; spermatheca with long and slender proximal portion), O. bistirpata is closely allied to O. bicornuta, from which it differs by longer antennae, larger eyes, finer and much denser punctation of the pronotum, elytra, and abdomen, on average slightly longer elytra, the absence of a brachypterous morph, the posteriorly less produced male sternite VIII, the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (processes at the base of the ventral process shorter; crista apical less prominent; ventral process of different shape both in lateral and in ventral view), the shape of the female sternite VIII (concave in the middle), and the morphology of the spermatheca (proximal portion much longer; distal portion truncate, less slender, and with sclerotized invagination of different shape. From East Mediterranean specimens of the common, widespread, and sympatric O. lurida, O. bistirpata is distinguished by larger average size, a somewhat broader body, usually darker coloration, and the shape of the spermatheca (proximal portion of capsule longer; distal portion less slender; cuticular invagination much larger). Like O. bicornuta, O. bistirpata is closely allied to O. lurida and consequently assigned to the subgenus Atlantoxypoda. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The known distribution extends across southern Anatolia from western Antalya in the west to Gaziantep in the east. The specimens collected by myself were sifted from Salix litter near a stream and from grass roots and moss in a lowland grassland. The altitudes range from 40 to 1030 m.	en	Assing, Volker (2016): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Karpathos (Insecta Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 235-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5416181
