identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B62B34242F7CFFC0234A1B4B0D00FA0E.text	B62B34242F7CFFC0234A1B4B0D00FA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta Birula 1908	<div><p>Hottentotta Birula, 1908</p> <p>(Figs. 1–153, Table 1)</p> <p>Androctonus: C. L. Koch, 1838a: 45 (in part).</p> <p>Buthus: Kraepelin, 1898: 3; Kraepelin, 1899: 9; Pocock, 1903a: 178.</p> <p>Buthus (in part): Thorell, 1876: 103; Kraepelin, 1891: 185; Kraepelin, 1895: 80; Pocock, 1897a: 104; Pocock, 1899: 834; Pocock, 1900b: 56; Pocock, 1900a: 13; Kraepelin, 1903: 558; Kraepelin, 1913: 123; Werner, 1934: 269.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) (in part): Pocock, 1890a: 126; Birula, 1897: 377.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) Birula, 1908: 141; Birula, 1917: 22; Simon, 1910: 71(in part).</p> <p>Hottentotta: Werner, 1934: 269; Fet, 1989: 81; Sissom, 1990: 101; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 133.</p> <p>= Dasyscorpio Pallary, 1938: 279; type species Buthus (Hottentotta) lutaudi Pallary, 1924 [= Hottentotta franzwerneri (Birula, 1914)] (syn. by Vachon, 1949: 146).</p> <p>= Buthotus Vachon, 1949: 143 (1952: 229); type species Buthus judaicus Simon, 1872 [= Hottentotta judaicus (Simon, 1872)]; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 20; Vachon, 1979: 233; Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 164 (syn. by Francke, 1985: 4).</p> <p>Buthotus (Buthotus): Vachon, 1979: 236.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta): Francke, 1985: 4.</p> <p>= Buthotus (Balfourianus) Vachon, 1979: 236; type species Buthus socotrensis Pocock, 1889 [= Hottentotta socotrensis (Pocock, 1889)]. Syn. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Balfourianus): Francke, 1985: 4; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 145.</p> <p>= Hottentotta (Deccanobuthus) Lourenço, 2000: 192; type species Hottentotta geffardi Lourenço, 2000: 192 [= Hottentotta pachyurus (Pocock, 1897)]. Syn. n.</p> <p>Mesobuthus: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 186.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. Scorpio hottentotta Fabricius, 1787.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in beta-configuration with d 2 situated on dorsal surface. Trichobothrium d 3 of patella situated dorsal of dorsomedian carina. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp usually located between est and et, or may be on level with trichobothrium est, rarely between est and esb. Trichobothrium eb clearly on fixed finger of pedipalp. Pectines with fulcra. Dentate margin of pedipalp-chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 11–16 rows and 5–7 terminal granules. Cheliceral fixed finger with two ventral accessory denticles. Tergites I–VI of mesosoma bear three carinae. Carapace with distinct carinae, entire dorsal surface nearly planate. Third and fourth legs with well developed tibial spurs, first and second tarsomeres with paired ventral setae. First sternite with two granulated lateral stridulatory areas, which however may be reduced in some species (e. g. in H. pachyurus and H. trilineatus). Ventrolateral carinae of fifth metasomal segment with all granules more or less equal in size and never lobate. Total length 30–130 mm.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Most Hottentotta species are morphologically and colorwise sufficiently distinct and their distributions rarely overlap, which makes identifications relatively easy. In contrast, generic-level characters remain to be clearly defined, which has caused erroneous transfers of Indian species to the genus Mesobuthus and the creation of two subgenera that are hereby synonymized.</p> <p>The genera Hottentotta and Mesobuthus have been often separated on unstable characters such as density of pubescence, shape (lyriform configuration) and definition of carinae on the carapace, and the number of terminal granules on movable fingers of pedipalps. It appears that the stable character that permits a clearcut separation of the two genera is the position of trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp in relation to trichobothrium est. In Hottentotta the trichobothrium db is between est and et (Figs. 1 and 4), whereas in Mesobuthus it is always between est and esb (see fig. 3 in Vachon, 1958: 127). Vachon &amp; Stockmann (1968: 102, figs. 18 and 19) found variation in the position of this trichobothrium in the African species H. minax occidentalis, in which one specimen had the db on the fixed finger between est and esb, and another had it between est and et. I found the same variation in another African species, H. trilineatus. Here it is important to note that the genus Mesobuthus is not known to occur in Africa. I therefore believe that the position of trichobothrium db is a reliable primary character for distinguishing between Hottentotta and Mesobuthus, and that any possible exceptions can be satisfactorily resolved by other, secondary characters (Hottentotta has ventrolateral carinae on the fifth metasomal segment with all granules more or less equal in size and never lobate and different carination of the carapace).</p> <p>Vachon (1978: 236) erected the subgenus Balfourianus with the type species Buthus socotrensis Pocock, 1889 and again used as the chief character the position of trichobothrium db, this time in relation to trichobothrium et (see figs. 7 and 8 in Vachon, 1978: 236). I had an opportunity to examine many specimens of this species and found that in some specimens the trichobothrium db is between trichobothria et and dt, as Vachon says, but in other specimens it is on the same level as et (Fig. 4). H. socotrensis is morphologically similar to Afghan and Pakistan species (H. alticola complex), and I am not convinced that it deserves to be placed in a separate subgenus. There definitely are other, more distinct groups of Hottentotta, for instance the south African H. arenaceus and H. conspersus with extremely inflated vesicles (Fig. 28), or large and densely hirsute Asian species (e.g. H. schach, Fig. 105) versus smaller and much less hirsute but conspicuously granulate species that occur in both Africa and Asia (Figs. 121 and 77). For these reasons I consider the subgenus Balfourianus synonymous with the nominotypical subgenus. It is important to note that H. socotrensis is not the only species of the genus which has the trichobothrium db situated between trichobothria et and dt. The same position of trichobothrium db occurs in two South African species, H. arenaceus and H. conspersus (fig. 45 in Lamoral, 1979: 543 and diagnosis below), which are morphologically very different from H. socotrensis. Already noted have been the extremely inflated vesicles, and another difference is in the expression of sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Lourenço (2000: 192) erected the subgenus Deccanobuthus with the type species Hottentotta (Deccanobuthus) geffardi Lourenço, 2000 and characterized the subgenus by:</p> <p>(1) “ The keels of the carapace are feeble; the anterior median being almost absent ”. This is a gradational, hard-to-evaluate character without much of taxonomic value. I have examined the holotype of H. (D.) geffardi Lourenço, 2000 and disagree that the carinae (keels) of the carapace are feeble (Fig. 79).</p> <p>(2) “ The dentition on the distal part of pedipalp-chela movable finger, present four terminal denticles “. The holotype of H. (D.) geffardi has five terminal denticles (granules) on both movable fingers of pedipalps (Fig. 3).</p> <p>This discrepancy in interpretation is evidently due to the way in which terminal granules have been counted. Some authors considered the presence of the so-called terminal granule (which they called “terminal denticle”) natural and counted only the other granules, which they called simply “granules” (for example Sissom, 1990: 98 and 100). For clarity, I give the total number of granules. However, the noted discrepancy does not change the fact that in Hottentotta we can find specimens that have five (four and one) terminal granules, but none that would have only four (three and one – which is characteristic of the genus Buthus) terminal granules (see Sissom, 1990: 98 and 100). The variation in the number of granules thus is exclusively upward, when in some species apart from specimens with five granules there are also specimens with six or seven granules (always one basal terminal granule, two internal terminal granules and a row from two to four external terminal granules).</p> <p>(3) “ Metasomal segment I with 12 keels; II to IV with 10 keels and V with 7 keels ”.</p> <p>The fifth metasomal segment with seven carinae, of which five are ventral (three median and two lateral), is the usual condition also in other species including e. g. H. socotrensis, that is in the so far accepted subgenus Balfourianus (Fig. 111). Unfortunately, this character cannot be utilized even on the species level because the ventral carinae are poorly developed in some specimens and the variation in their development cannot be attributed to sexual dimorphism. As to the 12 keels (carinae) on the first metasomal segment, Vachon (1978: 235) wrote of H. socotrensis: “According to R. I. Pocock (1903), because of the presence of a paired keel on the upper surface of the segment, the fourth segment bears 12 keels (which is unusual). Its existence could be settled. The keel consists of a row of granulae which may also occur (but less regularly) on the dorsal groove of almost all the segments, including the last one. It seems not to be a true keel.” A similar situation can be seen in the holotype of H. (D.) geffardi, where two carinae on the first metasomal segment are incomplete and consist of only a few granules; the same condition is present also in H. pachyurus (Pocock, 1897).</p> <p>Finally it needs to be noted that when proposing H. (D.) geffardi, Lourenço accepted that all Indian species of Hottentotta belong in Mesobuthus and, therefore, did not compare the new species with any of them. Upon examination of his holotype I am convinced that H. (D.) geffardi Lourenço, 2000 is a synonym of H. pachyurus (Pocock, 1897) (see below). I therefore conclude that the subgenus Deccanobuthus is synonymous with the nominotypical subgenus.</p> <p>Fet &amp; Lowe (2000: 134) considered the generic name Hottentotta a masculine noun in apposition. This name was used as a species epithet for Scorpio by Fabricius and for Buthus or Buthotus by most of subsequent authors (except Gervais, 1844, who changed it to hottentottus).</p> <p>List of species-group names in the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F7CFFC0234A1B4B0D00FA0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F76FFC3212B1B8A0AC9F8BE.text	B62B34242F76FFC3212B1B8A0AC9F8BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta alticola (Pocock 1895)	<div><p>Hottentotta alticola (Pocock, 1895)</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola minusalta (Vachon, 1958)</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola nigrifrons (Pocock, 1900)</p> <p>Hottentotta arenaceus (Purcell, 1902)</p> <p>Hottentotta buchariensis (Birula, 1897) comb. n.</p> <p>= Buthotus alticola kabulensis (Vachon, 1958) syn. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta conspersus (Thorell, 1876)</p> <p>= Buthus conspersus aeratus Lawrence, 1927 (syn. by Lamoral, 1979).</p> <p>= Buthus angolensis Monard, 1930 (syn. by Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968).</p> <p>Hottentotta finneganae sp. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta franzwerneri (Birula, 1914)</p> <p>Pectinal teeth 25:26 31:32 26:29 35:35 26:26 25:24 24:24</p> <p>= Buthus (Hottentota) lutaudi Pallary, 1924 (syn. by Vachon, 1949).</p> <p>Hottentotta gentili (Pallary, 1924) comb. n.</p> <p>= Hottentotta gentili tazerouallensis Pallary, 1937 (syn. by Vachon, 1949).</p> <p>Hottentotta hottentotta (Fabricius, 1787)</p> <p>Hottentotta hottentotta nigrocarinatus (Simon, 1874)</p> <p>= Androctonus margarelon C. L. Koch, 1838 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1891).</p> <p>= Androctonus pandarus C. L. Koch, 1838 (syn. by Simon, 1885).</p> <p>=? Androctonus panopeus C. L. Koch, 1839 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899).</p> <p>= Androctonus thessandrus C. L. Koch, 1840 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1891).</p> <p>= Hottentotta caboverdensis Lourenço &amp; Ythier, 2006 syn. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta jabalpurensis sp. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta jalalabadensis sp. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895)</p> <p>Hottentotta judaicus (Simon, 1872)</p> <p>= Buthus hedenborgii Thorell, 1876 (syn. by Simon, 1879).</p> <p>Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875)</p> <p>Hottentotta minax occidentalis (Vachon &amp; Stockmann,</p> <p>1968) = Buthus isselii Pavesi, 1883 (nomen nudum) (syn. by</p> <p>Pavesi, 1895). = Buthus hottentotta tigrinus Caporiacco, 1937 (syn. by</p> <p>Kovařík, 2003). = Hottentotta acostai Lourenço, 2004 syn. n. Hottentotta niloticus (Birula, 1928) Hottentotta pachyurus (Pocock, 1897) = Hemibuthus kraepelini Roewer, 1943 (syn. by</p> <p>Kovařík, 1999). = Hottentotta (Deccanobuthus) geffardi Lourenço, 2000</p> <p>syn. n. Hottentotta penjabensis (Birula, 1897) comb. n. Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 1896) Hottentotta rugiscutis (Pocock, 1897) = Buthus hendersoni Pocock, 1900 syn. n. = Buthus rugiscutis nigritus Pocock, 1900 (syn. by</p> <p>Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983). Hottentotta salei (Vachon, 1980) comb. n. Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880) Hottentotta scaber (Ehrenberg, 1828) = Buthus dimidiatus Simon, 1882 (syn. by Pocock,</p> <p>1891).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F76FFC3212B1B8A0AC9F8BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F74FFC222D51E9F0B0AFD48.text	B62B34242F74FFC222D51E9F0B0AFD48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta socotrensis (Pocock 1889)	<div><p>Hottentotta socotrensis (Pocock, 1889) Hottentotta stockwelli sp. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) = Buthus tamulus concanensis Pocock, 1900 syn. n. = Buthus tamulus sindicus Pocock, 1900 syn. n. = Buthus tamulus gujaratensis Pocock, 1900 syn. n. = Buthus tamulus gangeticus Pocock, 1900 syn. n. Hottentotta trilineatus (Peters, 1861) = Buthus eminii Pocock, 1890 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899). = Buthus trilineatus fuscatus Masi, 1912 (syn. by</p> <p>Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968). = Buthus fuscitruncus Caporiacco, 1936 (syn. by</p> <p>Kovařík, 2003: 140). Hottentotta zagrosensis Kovařík, 1997</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F74FFC222D51E9F0B0AFD48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F74FFC4230A1CC20B01FDAE.text	B62B34242F74FFC4230A1CC20B01FDAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta alticola (Pocock 1895)	<div><p>Hottentotta alticola (Pocock, 1895)</p> <p>(Figs. 21–22)</p> <p>Buthus alticola Pocock, 1895: 302; Birula, 1897: 377; Kraepelin, 1899: 21; Pocock, 1900a: 21; Birula, 1905: 136; Kraepelin, 1913: 127; Takashima, 1945: 76;? Mani, 1959: 11.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) alticola: Birula, 1917: 214.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Serfaty &amp; Vachon, 1950: 215; Alexander, 1957: 531; Vachon, 1958: 129; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Francke &amp; Sissom, 1984: 12; Farzanpay, 1988: 37.</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola: Fet, 1989: 81; Khatoon, 1999: 211.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) alticola: Kovařík, 1998: 109; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 134.</p> <p>Buthus alticola forma alpha (typica): Birula, 1897: 382.</p> <p>Buthus alticola (typicus): Kraepelin, 1899: 21.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) alticola alticola: Birula, 1914: 654; Birula, 1917: 240; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 135.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola alticola: Vachon, 1958: 135.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola minusalta Vachon, 1958: 138; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Vachon &amp; Kinzelbach, 1987: 102.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) alticola minusalta: Kovařík, 1998: 109; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 135.</p> <p>Buthus nigrifrons Pocock, 1900a: 22; Kraepelin, 1913: 127; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 43.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) nigrifrons: Birula, 1914: 654; Birula, 1917: 214, 241.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola nigrifrons: Vachon, 1958: 134–135.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) alticola nigrifrons: Kovařík, 1998: 109; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 136.</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola nigrifrons: Capes &amp; Fet, 2001: 303.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Chitrāl, now Pakistan; BMNH.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Pakistan, Chitrāl, VI.2006, 1♂ (Figs. 21–22), leg. Zubair Ahmed, FKCP; Kalash valleys, Bumburet valley, Brun vill., 5.VIII.1998, 1♂ 1♀, leg. L. Černý, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 70–90 mm. For habitus see Figs. 21–22. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to black, reticulate. Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 28–29 in males, 24–26 in females. Pedipalps and metasoma sparsely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Carapace and mesosoma black except seventh tergite that may be black. First to third metasomal segments brown, first usually lighter than third, fifth segment and telson entirely black. Pedipalps yellow to brown, chela usually slightly darker than femur. Legs yellow, rarely yellowish brown. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–16 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second and third segments with 8 or 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal carinae on metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Spaces between carinae of metasomal segments on ventral and lateral surfaces rugate and usually granulate. Dorsal surface smooth, but metasomal segments usually bear 2 short, inconspicuous carinae (see fig. 19 in Vachon, 1958: 137). First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Unfortunately, I have not been able to see any specimens of H. alticola minusalta (Vachon, 1958) (type locality and type repository: Afghanistan, Herat, Lashkari-Bazar, Dilaram; MNHN), because MNHN would not lend types (see Kovařík, 2004: 27) and no other specimens are known. Therefore, data in the diagnosis and key below describe only examined specimens of H. alticola alticola from Pakistan. It is possible that a future examination of types of H. alticola minusalta reveals this taxon to be a separate species, not just a subspecies. The black telson links this taxon with H. alticola alticola and at the same time differentiates it from all other taxa of the H. alticola complex, which are here elevated to species.</p> <p>Regrettably, I have not been able to see any specimens of H. alticola nigrifrons (Pocock, 1900) (type locality and type repository: Pakistan, Northern Baluchistan; BMNH), because its types cannot be found and no other specimens are known. Therefore, the data in the diagnosis and key below describe only examined specimens of H. alticola alticola from Pakistan. It is possible that a future examination of types of H. alticola nigrifrons reveals this taxon to be a separate species or a synonym of H. penjabensis (Birula, 1897) comb. n. Buthus nigrifrons was based on a 58 mm long female (Pocock, 1900a: 22–23) and Pocock distinguished it from H. alticola alticola by color (see Pocock, 1900a: 15).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan (see Vachon, 1958: 138 for H. alticola minusalta), Pakistan (see Pocock, 1895: 302 for H. alticola alticola and Pocock, 1900a: 23 for H. alticola nigrifrons). Some records from Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan should be understood only as referring to H. alticola complex. The one record for India (Mani, 1959: 11) must be considered incorrect.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F74FFC4230A1CC20B01FDAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F72FFC4231A1CE90D0FFDD2.text	B62B34242F72FFC4231A1CE90D0FFDD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta arenaceus (Purcell 1902)	<div><p>Hottentotta arenaceus (Purcell, 1902)</p> <p>Buthus arenaceus Purcell, 1902: 137; Kraepelin, 1914: 109; Hewitt, 1918: 104; Lawrence, 1927: 71; Lawrence, 1955: 225; Lawrence, 1972: 8.</p> <p>Buthotus arenaceus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 97; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 500; Lamoral, 1979: 541.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) arenaceus: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Hottentotta arenaceus: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 136; Leeming, 2003: 48; Prendini, 2005: 66.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. RSA, between Henkries and Wolftoon, Little Bushmanland, Namaqualand; SAMC.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 32 mm (male) to 43 mm (female). Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and dt, close to or on level with et. Sexual dimorphism not readily apparent, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 21–24 in males, 16–19 in females. Entire body only very sparsely hirsute, especially metasomal segments. Color yellow to yellowish brown. Carinae on mesosoma and metasoma may be black. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation, only tips of teeth on fingers of chelicerae are black. Femur of pedipalp with five carinae, patella with eight carinae. Chela very narrow and with dorsal carinae incomplete. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well defined ventral carinae. First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae. Fifth metasomal segment with 5 carinae. First metasomal segment width to length ratio 0.95–1.05 in males, 1.03–1.14 in females. Telson extremely bulbous.</p> <p>COMMENTS. I have not been able to examine any specimens of this species. The above diagnosis is primarily after Lamoral (1979: 541–548), who adequately defined it. In contrast to Asian species, south African species of Hottentotta do not present taxonomic problems. This species can be confused only with H. conspersus, which may be regarded as its sister species. Both species are very well characterized by the telson, which is extremely bulbous. H. arenaceus is smaller than H. conspersus, reaching at most 43 mm; a male only 32 mm long (see Lamoral, 1979: 541) is together with males of H. rugiscutis from India, of which the smallest in my collection (FKCP) measures 30 mm, the smallest adult specimen recorded for the genus.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Namibia (Kraepelin, 1914: 109), South Africa (Purcell, 1902: 139).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F72FFC4231A1CE90D0FFDD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F72FFC6215F1C4D0C1EF9B9.text	B62B34242F72FFC6215F1C4D0C1EF9B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta buchariensis (Birula 1897) Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta buchariensis (Birula, 1897) comb. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 5, 23–25)</p> <p>Buthus alticola buchariensis Birula, 1897: 378; Kraepelin, 1899: 21; Birula, 1904: 30.</p> <p>Buthus alticola forma gamma (buchariensis): Birula, 1897: 382.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) alticola buchariensis: Birula, 1914: 654; Birula, 1917: 240.</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola buchariensis: Fet, 1989: 82.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola buchariensis: Vachon, 1958: 134.</p> <p>Buthotus buchariensis: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) alticola buchariensis: Kovařík, 1998: 109; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 135.</p> <p>= Buthotus alticola kabulensis Vachon, 1958: 136; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Vachon &amp; Kinzelbach, 1987: 102. Syn. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) alticola kabulensis: Kovařík, 1998: 109; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 135.</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola: Kovařík, 1993: 201 (in part); Kovařík, 2002: 7.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Regar (now Tursunzoda), Tajikistan; ZISP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Tajikistan [formerly Buchara], Dushanbe region, Regar (now Tursunzoda), 1887, 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated, Fig. 25), leg. Lidski, ZISP No. 210.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Afghanistan, Kabul, 1962, 1♂ (im.), FKCP; prov. Kabul, Poli Charky, 1♂ 1♀, FKCP, 1♂ 1♀ (Figs. 5, 23–24), MMBC, 25.XI.1966, leg. Šimek; Kabul, 1800 m., collected at night around houses and garages, VII–IX.1977, 4♂ 2♀ 2juvs., collector unknown, CASC; Kabul, VIII.1987, 1♂, leg. Turtervaldová, FKCP. Pakistan, 1 mi E Saidu Sharif, Swat State, 8.III.1959, 2juvs., leg. S. Minton, CASC.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 65–90 mm. For habitus see Figs. 23–25 and fig. 10 in Vachon (1959: 130). Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to black, reticulate. Male with longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 29–33 in males, 24–27 in females. Pedipalps and metasoma very sparsely hirsute. Carapace and mesosoma black except seventh tergite that is yellow to brown. Metasoma, legs and pedipalps yellow to yellowish red. Fingers of pedipalps in adults darker than chela. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–16 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second and third segments with 8 or 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Spaces between carinae of metasomal segments on ventral and lateral surfaces usually smooth, without granules (except ventral surface of fifth metasomal segment). Dorsal surfaces of first through fourth metasomal segments smooth, without granules (see fig. 20 in Vachon, 1958: 137). First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. The lectotype is being designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature. It was photographed by Alexander Koval (see Fig. 25), and I have compared his photos and remarks with other cited specimens. Unfortunately, I have not been able to see the type of Buthotus alticola kabulensis Vachon, 1958 (type locality and type repository: Afghanistan, Kabul; MNHN) because MNHN would not lend types (see Kovařík, 2004: 27). However, examination of other specimens from the type locality and their comparison with the characters published by Vachon (1959: 136) and Birula (1897: 378) lead me to the conclusion that Buthotus alticola kabulensis Vachon, 1958 is a synonym of H. buchariensis (Birula, 1897) comb. n. The characters of this species are very similar to those of H. penjabensis (Birula, 1897) from Pakistan, in which, however, the metasomal and pedipalp segments of both sexes are markedly longer and narrower.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan (Vachon, 1958: 136), Tajikistan (Birula, 1897: 381), Pakistan (first report).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F72FFC6215F1C4D0C1EF9B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F70FFDB219218E10C4FFD0A.text	B62B34242F70FFDB219218E10C4FFD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta conspersus (Thorell 1876)	<div><p>Hottentotta conspersus (Thorell, 1876)</p> <p>(Figs. 6, 26–29)</p> <p>Buthus conspersus Thorell, 1876: 115; Kraepelin, 1895: 81; Pavesi, 1895b: 38; Pavesi, 1897: 156; Kraepelin, 1905: 195; Hewitt, 1918: 103; Lawrence, 1955: 225.</p> <p>Buthotus conspersus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 96; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 500; Lamoral, 1979: 549; Newlands, 1987: 38; El-Hennawy, 1992: 115.</p> <p>Hottentotta conspersa: Sissom, 1990: 90; Kovařík, 2001b: 79; Kovařík, 2002: 7.</p> <p>Hottentotta conspersus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 136; Prendini, 2000: 110; Leeming, 2003: 47; Prendini, 2005: 66.</p> <p>Buthus trilineatus: Kraepelin, 1899: 21 (in part).</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta: Kraepelin, 1891: 185 (in part).</p> <p>= Buthus conspersus aeratus Lawrence, 1927: 69; Lawrence, 1928: 269 (syn. by Lamoral, 1979: 549).</p> <p>Buthus aeratus: Lawrence, 1955: 207, 225; Lawrence, 1959: 384; Lawrence, 1962: 220; Lawrence, 1972: 8.</p> <p>Buthotus aeratus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 94; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 500.</p> <p>= Buthus angolensis Monard, 1930: 38; Monard, 1937: 253 (syn. by Vachon &amp; Stockmann 1968: 94).</p> <p>Buthotus angolensis: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Caffraria; NRHS.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Angola, Naulila env., 1985, 1♂ 1♀ (Figs. 6, 26–29), leg. J. Cimrman, FKCP. Namibia, 1938, 2♀ 1im., leg. G. Boss, SMFD No. 5393; Farm Okatji Komu, 2♀, 27.X.1952, SMFD; 1juv., 1956, leg. F. Gardes, SMFD; near Sesfontein, Kaoko, 2♀, IX.1965, FKCP, 24.I.2002, 1♀, leg. Werner, FKCP; 28 mi. N Outjo, 1200 m., 22.XII.1966, 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross &amp; A. R. Stephen, CASC; Namib desert, Garob Mine, 750 m., 10.X.1967, 1♀ (im.), leg. E. S. Ross &amp; A. R. Stephen, CASC; Farm Glucksburg 152 nr. Outjo, 23.IV.1980, 1♀, leg. A. Harington, CASC; 13 mi. SE Welwitschia, 800 m., 22.XII.1966, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross &amp; A. R. Stephen, CASC.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 40–65 mm. For habitus see Figs. 26–29. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and dt, close to or on level with et. Sexual dimorphism not readily apparent, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 19–28 in males, 13–20 in females. Entire body only very sparsely hirsute, especially metasomal segments. Color yellow to yellowish brown. Carapace and carinae on mesosoma and metasoma may be black. As blackish may be the fifth metasomal segment and telson. Chelicerae yellow without reticulation, only tips of teeth on fingers of chelicerae are black. Femur of pedipalps with five carinae, patella with eight carinae. Dorsal surfaces of femur and patella usually granulated. Chela very narrow and with dorsal carinae incomplete. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 11–14 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well defined ventral carinae. Mesosoma and carapace granulated. First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae. Fifth metasomal segment with 5 carinae and two ventral rows of granules. Metasoma densely granulated between carinae. First metasomal segment width to length ratio 1.22–1.42 in males, 1.28–1.47 in females. Telson granulated and extremely bulbous.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola (Monard, 1930: 38), Namibia (Lawrence, 1927: 69). Reports from South Africa (Thorell, 1876: 118; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 94) are regarded as dubious, and definitely erroneous are also reports from Somalia (Pavesi, 1895b: 38; Pavesi, 1897: 156). Specimens from Somalia were most likely confused with H. polystictus, which has a telson usually more inflated than Hottentotta but smaller than H. conspersus and H. arenaceus. The latter species has been erroneously reported from South Africa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F70FFDB219218E10C4FFD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F6DFFDD21AB1C8C0D38FED8.text	B62B34242F6DFFDD21AB1C8C0D38FED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta finneganae Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta finneganae sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 30–31, 130–135, Table 1)</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Pakistan, 15 km north of Rawalpindi; FKCP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. Pakistan, 15 km north of Rawalpindi, 1962, 1♂ (holotype, Figs. 30–31) 1im. (paratype), collector unknown, FKCP.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after Dr. Susan Finnegan who described the scorpion genus Apistobuthus in 1932.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 54 mm. For habitus see Figs. 30–31. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated on level with trichobothrium est. Male with fingers proximally slightly twisted, manus wider than female. Pectinal teeth number 25–26. Chelicerae yellow to yellowish brown, with reticulate only in anterior part. Entire body only sparsely hirsute. The hairs on pedipalps and metasoma are long. Color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown. Metasomal carinae may be black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are indistinct. Dorsal surfaces of femur and all patella granulated. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. Dorsal surfaces of mesosoma and carapace granulated (granules are smaller than the spaces between them). First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Metasoma granulated between carinae except dorsal surface, which is sparsely granulated, usually smooth at center and often bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. Telson also granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear slightly larger terminal granules. First metasomal segment of adults wider than long, but second and third metasomal segment longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio is less than 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment less than 1.4.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: Total length 53.8 mm (male holotype). The habitus is shown in Figs. 30–31. Measurements of the carapace, telson, segments of the metasoma and of the pedipalps, and numbers of pectinal teeth in the holotype and allotype are given in Table 1. Trichobothrium db on the the fixed finger of pedipalp is situated on level with trichobothrium est. Pectinal teeth number 25–26. Chelicerae are yellow to yellowish brown, with reticulation only in anterior part. The male has fingers proximally slightly twisted. Although I have not seen a female, morphological similarity with other species leads me to assume that its manus is narrower than in the male.</p> <p>COLORATION: The color is uniformly yellow to yellowish brown. Mesosomal segments and carapace usually bear orange spots and longitudinal black stripes. Metasomal carinae may be black as well.</p> <p>MESOSOMA AND CARAPACE: The mesosoma has three carinae on the dorsal surface and two carinae on the ventral surface with the exception of the seventh segment, whose ventral surface bears four well marked carinae. The dorsal surface is granulated (granules are smaller than the spaces between them), whereas the ventral surface is smooth.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS: The pedipalps are hirsute, but not densely. The hairs are long. The femur of pedipalp has five carinae and the dorsal surface is covered by granules. The patella is granulated and bears eight carinae, of which some are indistinct. Chela lacks carinae. The movable fingers of pedipalps bear 12 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules.</p> <p>METASOMA AND TELSON: The first metasomal segment is wider than long, whereas the second and third segments are longer than wide. The first to fourth segments bear 10 carinae, and the fifth segment bears only five carinae. The surface between the carinae is granulated but dorsal granulation is diminished to absent in the center which often bears two short, inconspicuous carinae. The telson is also granulated. The dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear slightly larger terminal granules. The second through fourth segment width ratio is less than 1.1. Length to width ratio of the fourth metasomal segment is less than 1.4.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish H. finneganae sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. H. finneganae sp. n. is closest to H. stockwelli sp. n. from India. Differences between these two species are discussed under H. stockwelli sp. n.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F6DFFDD21AB1C8C0D38FED8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F6BFFD321971F3808F6FDB0.text	B62B34242F6BFFD321971F3808F6FDB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta franzwerneri (Birula 1914)	<div><p>Hottentotta franzwerneri (Birula, 1914)</p> <p>(Figs. 7, 32–36)</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) franzwerneri Birula, 1914: 636; Werner, 1929: 33; Werner, 1932: 305.</p> <p>Dasyscorpio franzwerneri: Pallary, 1938: 279.</p> <p>Buthotus franzwerneri franzwerneri: Vachon, 1949: 151 (1952: 237); Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) franzwerneri franzwerneri: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 138.</p> <p>Hottentotta franzwerneri franzwerneri: Kovařík, 2002: 7; Lourenço, 2003: 876.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) franzwerneri: Roewer, 1943: 206.</p> <p>Hottentotta franzwerneri: Pallary, 1925: 57; Lourenço &amp; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1996: 450; Dupré, Lambert &amp; Gérard, 1998: 61.</p> <p>Buthotus franzwerneri: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Vial &amp; Vial, 1974: 139; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1986: 185; El-Hennawy, 1992: 115; Goyfon, 1993: 243.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) franzwerneri: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 137.</p> <p>= Buthus (Hottentota) lutaudi Pallary, 1924: 220 (syn. by Vachon, 1949: 151).</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) lutaudi: Werner, 1932: 305.</p> <p>Dasyscorpio lutaudi: Pallary, 1938: 279.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Algeria, Beni Ounif de Figuig; NHMW.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Algeria, Beni Ounif de Figuig, VIII.1910, leg. F. Werner, 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated, Figs. 7, 32–33, 36) 1♀ (paralectotype, Figs. 34–36), NHMW No. 2454, 1♂ (im.) 1♀ 1juv. (paralectotypes), NHMW No. 2455; Colomb Bechar, 1911, leg. A. Weidholz, 1♂ (paralectotype), NHMW No. 2456.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Algeria, Beni Ounif de Figuig, VIII.1910, 1im., leg. F. Werner, SMFD No. 5128; Ouahran env., 1980, 1♀, FKCP. Morocco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.2225001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.103054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.2225001/lat 32.103054)">Figuig</a>, 32°06'11"N 01°13'21"W, 868 m., 6.V.2007, 1♀, leg. M. Velechovský and A. Funk, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 70–110 mm. For habitus see Figs. 32–36. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp located between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to black, with reticulation. Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 32–38 in males, 26–32 in females. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments usually densely hirsute. Vesicle sparsely hirsute. Adult males usually only sparsely hirsute (Fig. 36). Color black except reddish brown chela of pedipalps and telson and yellow legs and tips of fingers of pedipalps. Femur of pedipalps with 5 carinae. Surfaces of femur and patella smooth to glossy. Patella with 8 carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–15 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. First metasomal segments with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 carinae and lateral median short row of granules; third and fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. The lectotype is being designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Algeria (Birula, 1914: 646), Morocco (Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21).</p> <p>Hottentotta gentili (Pallary, 1924) comb. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 8, 37–39)</p> <p>Buthus gentili Pallary, 1924: 21 9.</p> <p>Hottentotta gentili: Pallary, 1925: 57; Pallary, 1937: 100; Sergent, 1943: 84.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) gentili: Werner, 1932: 305.</p> <p>Buthotus franzwerneri gentili: Vachon, 1949: 152 (1952: 238); Vachon, 1954: 187; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; El-Hennawy, 1992: 116; Kovařík, 1992: 183; Dupre, 1995: 3; Kovařík, 1997a: 43; Dupre &amp; Balliet, 1997: 5.</p> <p>= Hottentotta gentili tazerouallensis Pallary, 1937: 101 (syn. by Vachon, 1949: 152).</p> <p>Buthotus gentili tazeroualtensis: Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21.</p> <p>Dasyscorpio gentili: Pallary, 1938: 279.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) franzwerneri gentili: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 138.</p> <p>Hottentotta franzwerneri gentili: Kovařík, 2002: 7; Lourenço, 2003: 876.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Morocco, Grand Atlas entre Mogador et Bou Denib; MNHN.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Algeria, Oran, 1♀, SMFD No. 6668/75. Morocco, 3♂ 3♀ 5juvs., NMPC; Anti Atlas,</p> <p>Anezi, 1♀ (im.), 18.IV.1968, leg. P. Teisig, SMFD; 2juvs., det. 1988, FKCP; 2♀ (Fig. 38), 10.V.1991, leg. V. Šípal, FKCP; Irhem, 1♂ 1im. 1juv., 20.IV.1990, leg. S. Bečvář, FKCP; Tata, 1juv., 22.IV.1990, leg. S. Bečvář, FKCP; Tata, 1♀ (im.), 22.IV.1990, leg. S. Bečvář, NMPC; Tizi-n-test, 1♀, 1.V.1990, leg. M. Král, FKCP; 1♀, VII.1990, 1♀, 10.V.1991, 1im., det. 1992, FKCP; Tenerhir, Gorges du Todre, 1♀, 14.V.1992, leg. A. Olexa, FKCP; 1♀, 1993, FKCP; Bouizakame, Timoulye, 9.IV.1995, 1♀ (Figs. 8 and 39), leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Tata, 1♂ 1juv., 10.IV.1995, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Anti Atlas, Ighrem, 1706 m., 1im.5juvs., 12.IV.1995, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Zagora, Jbel Amergou mer., Oued bou Tious, 1♀, 15.IV.1995, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Akka, Tisgui-El-Haratine, 1♂, 10.IV.1995, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Jbel Amergou, 1juv., 15.IV.1995, leg. M. Šárovec, FKCP; Erfoud, 1juv., 16.V.1995, leg. I. Šklíba, FKCP; Al-Rachidia, lake Barrage, Hasan-Adakhil, 1♂ (im.), 24.IV.1995, FKCP; Haut Atlas, 1juv., 1997, FKCP; Quazazate, 1998, 1♀, FKCP; Tarfrout env., I. 2005, 1♀, leg. R.+ H. Fouquè &amp; S. Bečvář, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.505/lat 29.625)">Tiznit prov.</a>, 25 km SE of Tiznit, 29°37'30"N 09°30'18"W, 10.II.2005, WGS84, 1♂ (Fig. 37)2ims.(♂ ♀), leg. R.+H. Fouquè &amp; S. Bečvář, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.723333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.723333/lat 30.55)">Haut Atlas mts.</a>, Agadir, 2 km S of Azazoul, 30°33.0'N 09°43.4'W, 86 m, 6.V.2007, 2ims.2juvs., leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.376667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.376667/lat 30.835)">Haut Atlas mts.</a>, Tizi-n-Test, 30°50.1'N, 08°22.6'W, 1521 m, 7.V.2007, 1im. 1juv., leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.406667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.406667/lat 30.8)">Haut Atlas mts.</a>, Tizi-n-Test, 30°48.0'N 08°24.4'W, 1170 m, 8.V.2007, 1juv., leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.2716665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.686666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.2716665/lat 30.686666)">Anti Atlas mts.</a>, Tezenakht env., 30°41.2'N 07°16.3'W, 1593 m, 10.V.2007, 2♂ 7♀ 6ims.3juvs., leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.76" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.37/lat 29.76)">Anti Atlas mts.</a>, NW of Anezi, 29°45.6'N 09°22.2'W, 399 m, 15.– 16.V.2007, 2♀, leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.391666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.703333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.391666/lat 29.703333)">Anti Atlas mts.</a>, NW of Anezi, 29°42.2'N 09°23.5'W, 246 m, 15– 16.V.2007, 1♀ 6ims.5juvs., leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.073334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.055834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.073334/lat 30.055834)">Anti Atlas mts.</a>, 62 km SE of Agadir, 30°03.35'N, 09°04.4'W, 798 m, 16.V.2007, 1♀, leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 70–110 mm, males usually smaller than females. For habitus see Figs. 38–39. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae black or yellow, reticulate. Sexual dimorphism not pronounced, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 32–35 in males, 26–31 in females. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments usually densely hirsute. Vesicle sparsely hirsute. Adult males usually only sparsely hirsute. Color black except reddish brown chela of pedipalp and telson. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Surfaces of femur and patella smooth to glossy. Patella with 8 carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–16 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 carinae and a short row of granules in center of lateral part; third and fourth segments with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Since 1949, this species has been regarded as a subspecies of Hottentotta franzwerneri (Birula, 1914). However, the two species are easily separated on color of the legs, which are black in H. gentili and yellow in H. franzwerneri.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Algeria (Vachon, 1949: 152), Morocco (Pallary, 1924: 220).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F6BFFD321971F3808F6FDB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F65FFE922EA1CE708B9FCA1.text	B62B34242F65FFE922EA1CE708B9FCA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta hottentotta (Fabricius 1787)	<div><p>Hottentotta hottentotta (Fabricius, 1787)</p> <p>(Figs. 9–10, 40–47)</p> <p>Scorpio hottentotta Fabricius, 1787: 348; Fabricius, 1793: 435; Zimsen, 1964: 637.</p> <p>Scorpio (Androctonus) hottentottus: Gervais, 1844b: 47.</p> <p>Prionurus hottentotta: Karsch, 1881: 89.</p> <p>Buthus (Prionurus) hottentotta: Karsch, 1885: 134.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta: Pavesi, 1881: 556; Thorell, 1893: 362 (in part); Pavesi, 1897: 156; Kraepelin, 1891: 185 (in part); Pocock, 1889: 336; Kraepelin, 1898: 3; Kraepelin, 1899: 22; Pocock, 1899: 834; Werner, 1902: 597; Birula, 1908: 143; Kraepelin, 1913: 170; Lampe, 1918: 191; Kraepelin, 1929: 87; Belfield, 1956: 44.</p> <p>Buthus hottentota: Simon, 1885: 386; Kraepelin, 1901: 266; Borelli, 1911: 8; Borelli, 1913: 218; Monard, 1939: 83; Geeraerts, 1953: 1066.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) hottentotta: Pocock, 1890a: 126.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) hottentotta: Birula, 1908: 141; Werner, 1934: 269; Werner, 1936: 174; Vachon, 1940a: 170; Frade, 1947: 8.</p> <p>Buthotus hottentotta: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon, 1961: 31; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 110; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 501; Levy &amp; Amitai, 1980: 53; Prost, 1982: 6; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1986: 185; El-Hennawy, 1992: 116.</p> <p>Hottentotta hottentotta: Hadley, 1990: 327; Hjelle, 1990: 10; Dupre, 1990: 8; Warburg &amp; Polis, 1990: 229; Lourenço &amp; Cuellar, 1994: 22; Dupre &amp; Balliet, 1997: 5; Maury, 1997: 5; Schmidt &amp; Bauer, 1997: 1; Dupré, Lambert &amp; Gérard, 1998: 52; Lourenço &amp; Cuellar, 1999: 149; Delfosse, 2001: 26; Kovařík, 2002: 7; Bultel, 2003: 31; Toscano-Gadea, 2005: 866; Lourenço &amp; Ythier, 2006: 71.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) hottentotta: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 139.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) hottentotta hottentotta: Roewer, 1943: 207 (? in part).</p> <p>Buthus hottentota hottentota: Monard, 1951: 237.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) hottentotta hottentotta: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 139.</p> <p>= Androctonus margarelon C. L. Koch, 1838a: 47, fig. 367; C. L. Koch, 1850: 89 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1891: 185).</p> <p>= Androctonus pandarus C. L. Koch, 1838b: 94, fig. 402; C. L. Koch, 1850: 90 (syn. by Simon, 1885: 386).</p> <p>=? Androctonus panopeus C. L. Koch, 1839: 125, fig. 418; C. L. Koch, 1850: 90 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899: 22).</p> <p>= Androctonus thessandrus C. L. Koch, 1840: 77, fig. 486; C. L. Koch, 1850: 90 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1891: 185).</p> <p>Buthus nigro-carinatus Simon, 1874: 280.</p> <p>Buthus nigrocarinatus: Simon, 1885: 386.</p> <p>Buthotus hottentotta nigrocarinatus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 115.</p> <p>Buthotus hottentota nigrocarinatus: Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 502.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) hottentotta nigrocarinatus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 139.</p> <p>Hottentotta nigrocarinatus: Lourenço &amp; Ythier, 2006: 71.</p> <p>Buthus judaicus: Kraepelin, 1895: 81 (in part).</p> <p>= Hottentotta caboverdensis Lourenço &amp; Ythier, 2006: 72. Syn. n.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Sierra Leone; original type lost. Neotype from Sierra Leone hereby designated; NMPC.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Sierra Leone, 1♀ (neotype hereby designated, Fig. 40), 1985, collector unknown, NMPC.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Burkina Faso (Volta Haute), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.55/lat 11.8)">Garango</a>, 11°48'N 00°33'W, 17.X.1966, 1♂ (Figs. 10, 46–47), leg. Lamontellorie, SMFD No. 39339; Region Bobodiolasso, 2♀ (Figs 42, 45), 1995, FKCP. Cameroon, 4.X.1911, 1♀, leg. Schubotz, SMFD No. 5248; Duala, 16.XII.1913, 1♀, leg. A. Haas, SMFD No. 5247; Edea, 1♀, SMFD No. 8863/205; 52 mi S Garoua, Boki River, 330 m., 29.IX.1966, 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC; Ngaoundéré, 1100 m., 1.X.1966, 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC. Cape Verde Islands, Ribeira da Praia, 1993, 3♀ (Fig. 44), leg. Santos, SMFD No. 38561. Congo, Frz. Kongo, Kabo, 15.III.1911, 1juv., leg. Schubotz, SMFD No. 5249; Fort Archambault, 1911, 1juv., leg. Schubotz, SMFD No. 5250; Fort Crampel, 1911, 2juvs., leg. Schubotz, SMFD No. 5232. Ghana, Damongo, 2♀, 14.I.1972, leg. S. Y. Endrődy (Locality No. 515), HNHM; Wa, 1juv., 26.X.1971, leg. S. Y. Endrődy (Locality No. 509), HNHM; Tumu, 3♂ 3♀ 6juvs, 27.X.1971, leg. S. Y. Endrődy (Locality No. 511), HNHM; 1♀, 1990, 1♀ (Figs. 9, 43), 2005, FKCP. Guinea, Franz. Guinea, 1♀, SMFD No. 6666/73. Guinea-Bissau, Portug. Guinea, 1♀ 1juv., SMFD No. 8862/204. Ivory Coast, M´Bahiakro, 3♀ 1juv., VI.1995, leg. M. Forti, FKCP. Mali, 13 mi. N Manankoro, 375 m., 22.VIII.1966, 1♀ (im.), leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC; nort of lake Sélingue, 1♂, I.1980, FKCP. Niger, Say, Parc Natl. W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.55/lat 12.5)">17 km ENE La Tapoa</a>, 12°30'N 2°33'E, 170 m., 23.XII.1996, 1♀, leg. J. Lattke, CASC. Nigeria, 19 mi. N Bokani, 250 m., 10.IX.1966, 1♀ (im.), leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC; 45 mi. SW Kano, 680 m., 12.IX.1966, 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC; 10 mi. NW Jos, 1225 m., 14.IX.1966, 1♀ 2juvs., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC; 28 mi. NE Zaria, 720 m., 14.IX.1966, 1♀ (im.) 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC; 6 mi. S Jos, 1250 m., 16.IX.1966, 1♀ (Fig. 41)4juvs., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; K. Lorenzen, CASC. Senegal, Niokolo Koba n. p., 2♀, VII.1995, FKCP. Tanzania?, probably error localities, 1♀, 1920–1950, 1♀, 2006, FKCP. Togo, 2♀, leg. Bayer, SMFD No. 37466.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 55–80 mm. For habitus see Figs. 40–47. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est or on level with trichobothrium est. Sexual dimorphism not readily apparent, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Males have fingers of pedipalps more twisted then females. Pectinal teeth number 25–29 in males, 22–26 in females (in the subspecies H. h. nigrocarinatus there may be 33 pectinal teeth in males and up to 32 in females). Much of female chelicera reticulate, only base smooth. The male chelicera is often only weakly reticulate and sometimes lacks reticulation altogether. Fingers of chelicerae black. Pedipalps hirsute, but not densely. Metasoma bears only a few hairs. Color usually uniformly reddish brown, but some populations colored yellowish brown to black. Mesosomal segments and carapace usually with orange spots and longitudinal black stripes. Metasomal carinae may be black as well. The coloration of juveniles is variable, in some uniformly brown and in others with the chela dark and the remaining segments of pedipalps yellow; they may also have the fifth metasomal segment darker than the preceding segments. Femur of pedipalp with 3 complete and 2 incomplete carinae. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are smooth, without granules and obsolete. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 13–14 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First and second metasomal segments with 10 carinae; third and fourth segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, two lateral and two ventral rows of granules. All carinae granulated, dorsal carinae bear larger terminal granules. First metasomal segment of adults wider than long, second metasomal segment usually longer than wide. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment less than 1.6.</p> <p>COMMENTS. H. hottentotta is the type species of Hottentotta, and as the bearer of characters that define the genus should have a type specimen. Fixing a neotype is important particularly because there have been attempts to split off some populations as separate species (H. nigrocarinatus (Simon, 1874) and H. caboverdensis Lourenço &amp; Ythier, 2006). For this reason I designate a female from the type locality (Sierra Leone) as the neotype. It is a 67 mm long specimen that corresponds well with the above diagnosis.</p> <p>The taxonomic position of the subspecies H. h. nigrocarinatus (type locality and type repository: Senegal, Saint Louis; MNHN) is questionable. Vachon &amp; Stockmann (1968: 137) classifed this taxon as a subspecies of H. hottentotta and distinguished it from other populations by H. h. nigrocarinatus having 33 pectinal teeth in the male and 30–32 in the female and H. h. hottentotta having 25–29 pectinal teeth in the male and 22–26 in the female. They saw other indications of subspecific status in granulation of the fourth metasomal segment and in subtle (from the standpoint of variation negligible) morphometric differences. Lourenço &amp; Ythier (2006: 71) elevated this subspecies to species without giving any reasons for the status change. However, they state that the females have 28–30 pectinal teeth, which differs from Vachon and Stockmann (1968: 116). It is also worth noting that the type of H. nigrocarinatus measures 53 mm and Simon (1874: 281– 282) compares it only with Buthus tunetanus and Buthus peloponnensis. Due to unavailability of MNHN types (see Kovařík, 2004: 27), I have no choice but to regard this taxon recorded from Senegal as a subspecies of H. hottentotta, with the stipulation that only a thorough study of the types can decide whether it is a synonym or a valid species.</p> <p>Lourenço &amp; Ythier (2006: 72) described H. caboverdensis (type locality and type repository: Cape Verde Islands, Island of São Tiago, region of Praia; MNHN), which they distinguish from H. h. hottentotta and H. h. nigrocarinatus by (1) smaller size (55 to 62 mm), (2) much darker coloration than in H. hottentotta, (3) more strongly marked granulations on the carapace and tergites than in H. hottentotta and H. nigrocarinatus, and (4) smaller number of pectinal teeth than are found in female specimens (22 to 24). As to characters (1), (2) and (4), I do not see any difference from H. hottentotta (see diagnosis), and character (3) lacks any objective value. I also studied three SMFD females from the type locality of H. caboverdensis and am certain that they are H. hottentotta. Their total length (1) is 61 to 78 mm, the coloration (2) is dark (Fig. 44) but not quite as black as in e.g. the population from Ghana (Fig. 43), granulation (3) is within the variation limits known for H. hottentotta, and the pectinal teeth (4) number 23–24 (in other examined females of H. hottentotta the number of pectinal teeth is 22–26). I therefore consider H. caboverdensis a synonym of H. hottentotta.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Benin (Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 139), Burkina Faso (Volta Haute), Cameroon, Chad (Roewer, 1943: 207; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 112), Cape Verde Islands (Schmidt &amp; Bauer, 1997: 1), Congo (Kraepelin, 1929: 87), Cote d’Ivoir (Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 111), Gambia (Pocock, 1889: 336), Guinea (Borelli, 1913: 218), Guinea-Bissau (Monard, 1939: 83), Mali (Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 112), Niger (Pocock, 1889: 336), Nigeria (Pocock, 1899: 834), Central African Republic (Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 112), Senegal (Kraepelin, 1901: 266), Sierra Leone (Fabricius, 1787: 348), Togo (Werner, 1902: 597).</p> <p>Records from Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia (see Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 139) and Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire; Geeraerts, 1953: 1066) must be considered dubious. Also records from Tanzania may in some instances be erroneous and probably concern H. trilineatus (Peters, 1862).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F65FFE922EA1CE708B9FCA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F5FFFE823271DF30AB6F983.text	B62B34242F5FFFE823271DF30AB6F983.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta jabalpurensis Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta jabalpurensis sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 48–51, 136–141, Table 1)</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. India, Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur; CASC and FKCP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. India, Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, VIII.1957 – VIII.1958, 23♂ 16♀ 21juvs. (holotype, allotype and paratypes, Figs. 48–51), leg. P. Susai Nathan. Holotype, allotype and most of paratypes are in CASC, 6 paratypes (3♂ 3♀) are in FKCP.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the type locality.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 50–80 mm. For habitus see Figs. 48–51. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est or level with trichobothrium est. Male with fingers proximally twisted, manus of pedipalps wider than female. Pectinal teeth number 30–36 in males, 26–30 in females. Chelicerae yellow, reticulate. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, dorsal surface of mesosoma, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments, and vesicle densely hirsute. The hairs are long. Color uniformly yellow to reddish brown. Ventral carinae on metasomal segments usually black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Patella with 2 or 4 carinae on internal surface, no other carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 13–14 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh mesosomal sternite smooth, with 4 well marked black carinae. First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 or 7 carinae. Metasoma granulated between carinae. Dorsal surface often very finely granulated, often bears 2 short, inconspicuous marginal carinae. Telson also granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear terminal granules of size approximately equal to preceding granules. First metasomal segments of adult female wider than long (in male usually as longer than wide), second metasomal segment longer than wide for both sexes. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio about 1.1. Telson bulbous, especially in large females.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: Total length of both sexes is 50 to 80 mm. The habitus is shown in Figs. 48–51. Measurements of the carapace, telson, segments of the metasoma and of the pedipalps, and numbers of pectinal teeth in the holotype and allotype are given in Table 1. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp is situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1), rarely is on the same level as trichobothrium et. Pectinal teeth number 30–36 in males and 26–30 in females. Chelicerae yellow, reticulate. The male has fingers proximally twisted, manus of pedipalps wider than female.</p> <p>COLORATION: The color is uniformly yellow to reddish brown. Ventral carinae on metasomal segments are usually black. The specimens have been preserved in alcohol since 1958.</p> <p>MESOSOMA AND CARAPACE: The mesosoma has three carinae on the dorsal surface and two carinae on the ventral surface with the exception of the seventh segment, whose ventral surface bears four well marked carinae. The dorsal surface is sparsely to densely granulated, whereas the ventral surface is smooth.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS: The pedipalps are densely hirsute. The hairs are long. The femur of pedipalps has five carinae and the dorsal surface is covered by very fine granules. The ventral surfaces of femur and patella are smooth to glossy. The patella with 2 or 4 carinae on internal surface, no other carinae. Chela lacks carinae. The movable fingers of the pedipalps have 13–14 cutting rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules.</p> <p>METASOMA AND TELSON: The first metasomal segment of adult female wider than long (in male usually as longer than wide), second metasomal segment longer than wide for both sexes. The first through fourth segments bear 10 carinae, and the fifth segment bears five carinae and on the ventral surface has additional rows of granules that may form two more carinae. The dorsal surface is often very finely granulated and may bear two short, inconspicuous marginal carinae. Surfaces between carinae are sparsely to densely granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear terminal granules of size approximately equal to preceding granules. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio about 1.1. Telson bulbous, especially in large females.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish H. jabalpurensis sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. H. jabalpurensis sp. n. is closest to H. tamulus, from which it differs in having the entire body and especially the metasoma densely hirsute, and the patella of pedipalp with long hairs. In contrast, H. tamulus has the metasoma only sparsely hirsute and the patella of pedipalp bears dense but short hairs.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F5FFFE823271DF30AB6F983	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F5EFFEC21B918120D1CF970.text	B62B34242F5EFFEC21B918120D1CF970.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta jalalabadensis Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta jalalabadensis sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 11, 52–59, 142–147, Table 1)</p> <p>Hottentotta alticola: Kovařík, 1993: 201 (in part).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Afghanistan, prov. Nengrahar, Jalalabad; MMBC and FKCP (for description of the type locality see Jakeš &amp; Povolný, 1967).</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. Afghanistan, prov. Nengrahar, Jalalabad, 28.I–30.III.1965, 9♂ 14♀ 15juvs. (holotype, allotype and paratypes, Figs. 11, 52–59), IV–V.1967, 4♀ (paratypes), leg. D. Povolný; 8km ESE of Jalalabad, 16.II.1966, (PT 11), 3♂ (paratypes); 28.II.1966, 1♀ 1juv. (paratypes), (PT 22), 5.III.1966, 2♀ 1juv. (paratypes), (PT 25), leg. D. Povolný &amp; F. Tenora; 10km ESE of Jalalabad, 19.II.1966, 1♀ (im.) (paratype), (PT 15), 21.II.1966, 1♀ (paratype), (PT 16), 23.II.1966, 1♀ 2juvs. (paratypes), (PT 18), leg. D. Povolný &amp; F. Tenora; 12– 20km ESE of Jalalabad, 7.III.1966, 2♂ 2juvs. (paratypes), (PT 26), 16.III.1966, 1♂ 2♀ 1juv. (paratypes), (PT 36), leg. D. Povolný &amp; F. Tenora; Samrchel, 15.II.1966, 4♀ 1♀ (im.) 1♂ (im.)8juvs. (paratypes), (PT 9), leg. D. Povolný &amp; F. Tenora; Nemla, 18.II.1966, 2♀ 2ims. (paratypes), (PT 14), leg. D. Povolný &amp; F. Tenora. Holotype, allotype and most of paratypes are in MMBC, 12 paratypes (6♂ 6♀) are in FKCP. Data in parentheses, for example (PT 11), give a more accurate description of the locality (see Jakeš &amp; Povolný, 1967).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the type locality.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 65–90 mm. For habitus see Figs. 52–54. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est, close to or on level with est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to black, reticulate. Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal and pedipalp segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 31–35 in males, 24–29 in females. Pedipalps and metasoma very sparsely hirsute. Carapace and mesosoma black except seventh tergite. Seventh mesosomal segment, metasoma, legs and pedipalps including fingers uniformly yellow to yellowish brown. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 15–16 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh mesosomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. First and second metasomal segments with 10 carinae; third segment bears 8 carinae and sometimes a short row of granules in center of lateral part; fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First metasomal segments of both sexes wider than long, in female also second metasomal segment wider than long. Second through fourth metasomal segment width ratio in females 1.26–1.29.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: Total length of both sexes is 65 to 90 mm. The habitus is shown in Figs. 52–54. Measurements of the carapace, telson, segments of the metasoma and of the pedipalps, and numbers of pectinal teeth in the holotype and allotype are given in Table 1. Trichobothrium db on the the fixed finger of pedipalp is situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1), rarely is on the same level as trichobothrium et. Pectinal teeth number 31–35 in males and 24–29 in females. Chelicerae are yellow to black, reticulate, fingers of chelicerae are black. The male has slightly longer and narrower metasomal and pedipalp segments, width of the pedipalp chela is the same in both sexes. The female has very broad first through third metasomal segments, the first and second segments are also wider than long (see Table 1).</p> <p>COLORATION: Carapace and mesosoma are black except the seventh tergite. The seventh mesosomal segment, metasoma, legs and pedipalps including fingers are uniformly yellow to yellowish brown. Immature specimens may be yellow with a black spot only in the anterior part of carapace.</p> <p>MESOSOMA AND CARAPACE: The mesosoma has three carinae on the dorsal surface and two carinae on the ventral surface with the exception of the seventh segment, whose ventral surface bears four well marked carinae. The dorsal surface is granulated, whereas the ventral surface is smooth.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS: The pedipalps are hirsute, but not densely. The hairs are long. The femur of pedipalps has five carinae and the dorsal surface is covered by very fine granules. The ventral surfaces of femur and patella are smooth to glossy. The patella has eight carinae. The chela lacks carinae. The movable fingers of the pedipalps have 15–16 cutting rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules.</p> <p>METASOMA AND TELSON: The first metasomal segment of both sexes is always wider than long, and the female has also the second metasomal segment wider than long. In females, the second through fourth metasomal segment width ratio is 1.26–1.29. The first and second segments bear 10 carinae, the third segment bears eight carinae and sometimes a short row of granules in the center of lateral part; the fourth segment bears eight carinae, and the fifth segment bears only five carinae. The dorsal surface is smooth and glossy, with the fifth segment and sometimes also the fourth segment bearing two short, inconspicuous carinae. Lateral carinae are smooth and ill-defined, whereas dorsal carinae of all segments are well granulated and have larger terminal granules. Surfaces between carinae are smooth, without granules, only the ventral surface of the fifth segment bears additional rows of granules. A subaculear tooth is absent; the telson is essentially smooth, with only a few scattered granules.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish H. jalalabadensis sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. This species is well characterized by very broad first and second metasomal segments in relation to the fourth metasomal segment, namely in females (Figs. 56–59). This unusual feature is present in only one other Hottentotta species, H. scaber from Arabia, which has characteristically colored metasomal segments (the first through third segments are yellow and the fifth and the telson are black; see Fig. 100) and cannot possibly be confused with H. jalalabadensis sp. n.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F5EFFEC21B918120D1CF970	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F5AFFE0218D18A00D7DFE13.text	B62B34242F5AFFE0218D18A00D7DFE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock 1895)	<div><p>Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895)</p> <p>(Figs. 12, 60–63)</p> <p>Buthus jayakari Pocock, 1895: 300; Kraepelin, 1899: 19; Kraepelin, 1901: 267.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) jayakari: Birula, 1914: 654; Birula, 1917: 214.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) jayakeri: Roewer, 1943: 206.</p> <p>Buthotus jayakari: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon, 1958: 134; Vachon, 1966: 210; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Vachon, 1977: 210; Farzanpay, 1988: 37; Al-Safadi, 1992: 97; El-Hennawy, 1992: 116.</p> <p>Hottentotta jayakari: Sissom, 1994: 36; Kovařík, 1997a:</p> <p>49. Hottentotta (Hottentotta) jayakari: Kovařík, 1998: 110;</p> <p>Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 140. Buthotus jayakari jayakari: Vachon, 1980: 255. Hottentotta (Hottentotta) jayakari jayakari: Fet &amp; Lowe,</p> <p>2000: 140. Hottentotta jayakari jayakari: Hendrixson, 2006: 78.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Oman, Muscat; BMNH.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Oman, Muscat, 1♂ (lectotype hereby designated, Fig. 60) 2♀ (paralectotypes), leg. A. G. Jayakar, BMNH No. 1894.3.14.4–6.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Oman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=58.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 58.216667/lat 23.566668)">Mu'askar</a> al Murtafa'a (near Rusayl), garden on rocky slope, 23°34'N 58°13'E, 50m, 27.VIII.1983, 1♂, leg. P. &amp; N. Cookson, det. G. Lowe, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.366665/lat 23.216667)">Wadi Bani Auf</a>, on Salma Rd, shale scree in wadi, 23°13'N 57°22'E, 900m, 14.X.1993, 2♀ 1♂ (Figs. 12, 61–63), leg. A. S. Gardner, det. G. Lowe, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.766666/lat 22.933332)">Izki</a> army camp, in cracks of a dry stone wall, well lit populated area, 22°56'N 57°46'E, 17.X.1994, 2♀, 19:30, leg. J. Dundon, det. G. Lowe, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 65–90 mm. For habitus see Figs. 60–63. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to brown, reticulate. Sexual dimorphism not readily apparent; width of pedipalp chela and metasomal segments same in both sexes, males have fingers of pedipalps somewhat more twisted then females. Pectinal teeth number 37–42 in males, 32– 35 in females. Pedipalps densely hirsute, metasoma sparsely hirsute. Carapace, mesosoma, patella and chela of pedipalps, fourth and fifth metasomal segments and telson yellowish brown to black. Anterior part of carapace with black spot. Mesosomal segments often with a median longitudinal yellowish-brown stripe. Femur of pedipalps, legs, and first and second metasomal segments yellow to yellowish green (Fig. 62). Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–15 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 carinae and lateral median short row of granules; third and fourth segments with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. All metasomal carinae granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First metasomal segment of adults usually longer than wide or as long as wide, second metasomal segment always longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1.</p> <p>COMMENTS. The lectotype is being designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature. Fet &amp; Lowe (2000: 140)</p> <p>listed the female as the holotype, but Pocock did not designate the holotype.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: United Arab Emirates (Hendrixson, 2006: 79), Oman (Pocock, 1895: 302), Saudi Arabia (Hendrixson, 2006: 79), and Yemen (Al-Safadi, 1992: 97). Record for Iran (Werner, 1929: 243; Farzanpay, 1988: 37) and India (Kraepelin, 1901: 267) must be considered dubious.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F5AFFE0218D18A00D7DFE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F56FFE5218E1F8D0BE2FC47.text	B62B34242F56FFE5218E1F8D0BE2FC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta judaicus (Simon 1872)	<div><p>Hottentotta judaicus (Simon, 1872)</p> <p>(Figs. 13, 64–67)</p> <p>Buthus judaicus Simon, 1872: 252; Thorell, 1876: 115; Simon, 1879: 99; Simon, 1880b: 29; Simon, 1884: 191; Pocock, 1891: 242; Simon, 1892: 83; Kraepelin, 1895: 81 (in part); Pavesi, 1895a: 4; Kraepelin, 1899: 19; Kraepelin, 1901: 267; Werner, 1902: 597; Birula, 1905: 136; Schenkel, 1932: 379; Werner, 1935: 211; Bücherl, 1959: 257; Amitai et al., 1981: 1083.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) judaicus: Pocock, 1890a: 126; Birula, 1900: 12; Werner, 1934: 269; Roewer, 1943: 206.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) judaicus: Birula, 1914: 654; Vachon, 1940b: 255.</p> <p>Dasyscorpio judaicus: Pallary, 1938: 279.</p> <p>Buthotus judaicus: Vachon, 1949: 144 (1952: 230); Vachon, 1951: 344; Shulov, 1958: 879; Shulov &amp; Amitai, 1959: 223; Vachon, 1958: 134; Shulov &amp; Amitai, 1958: 354; Vachon, 1966: 210; San Martin &amp; Gambardella, 1967: 18; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Levy &amp; Amitai, 1980: 54; Kinzelbach, 1984: 100; Amr et al., 1988: 373; El-Hennawy, 1988: 14; El-Hennawy, 1992: 116; Amr &amp; El-oran, 1994: 186; Kabakibi, Khalil &amp; Amr, 1999: 80.</p> <p>Buthotus (Hottentotta) judaicus: Birula, 1910: 170; Birula, 1917: 200; Vachon, 1947a: 26; Vachon, 1947b: 162.</p> <p>Hottentotta judaica: Hadley, 1990: 327; Polis &amp; Sissom, 1990: 166; Sissom, 1990: 92; Warburg &amp; Polis, 1990: 225; Dupre &amp; Balliet, 1997: 5; Kovařík, 2002: 7.</p> <p>Hottentotta judaicus: Kovařík, 1997a: 43; Crucitti, 1999: 82; Stathi &amp; Mylonas, 2001: 288; Karatas, 2003: 315.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) judaica: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 140.</p> <p>= Buthus hedenborgii Thorell, 1876: 113 (syn. by Simon, 1879: 99).</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta (in part): Kraepelin, 1891: 185 (see Kraepelin, 1899: 19).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Israel, Jerusalem, Jordan Valley, shores of the Dead Sea; MNHN.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Israel, Tel-Aviv, 2♀, SMFD No. 6663/70; Jaffa, 1885, 1♂ 1♀ (im.), leg. H. Simon, SMFD</p> <p>No. 5255; Haifa, 1886, 1♂ 3♀, leg. H. Simon, SMFD No. 5243. Jordan, 1juv., 10.V.1956, leg. J. Klapperich, HNHM; Betlem, 2♂ 1♀ 2juvs., 1985, FKCP; Gastel Aulun, 1♂ (im.), 5.V.1995, leg. M. Kaftan, FKCP; Jerash, 1♂ (im.), 5.V.1995, leg. V. Šejna, FKCP; King Talal Dam, 1♂ (Figs. 64–65), 28.IV.1996, leg. D. Modrý, FKCP; NW, Zoubia, 3♀ (Figs. 13, 66–67) 1♂, IV.1996, leg. D. Modrý, FKCP. “ Palestina ”, 1♂ 1♀ (im.), det.1992, FKCP. Syria, 1839, 1♂ 1♀, leg. Rosenbach, SMFD No. 5244; Qunawat, 1juv., 30.VI.1994, leg.</p> <p>D.Vlasta, FKCP; 1♀, 1994, leg. D. Modrý, FKCP; 1♂, V.1994, leg. D. Modrý, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 60–8 0 mm, males usually smaller than females. For habitus see Figs. 64–67.</p> <p>Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae black, reticulate. Sexual dimorphism not pronounced, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 27–32 in males, 22–27 in females. Pedipalps sparsely hirsute. Metasoma bears only a few hairs. Color black except for reddish brown fingers of pedipalps; ends of first and second tarsomeres may be yellow in some specimens. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Surfaces of femur and patella granulate. Patella with 8 carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 13–14 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 or 10 carinae; third segment with 8 carinae and sometimes a short row of granules in center of lateral part; fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Israel (Simon, 1872: 252), Jordan (Birula, 1914: 654), Lebanon (Vachon, 1966: 210), “ Palestine ” (Kraepelin, 1899: 19), Syria (Kraepelin, 1 899: 19), and Turkey (Birula, 1910: 170).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F56FFE5218E1F8D0BE2FC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F53FFF823351DD40BFDF89B.text	B62B34242F53FFF823351DD40BFDF89B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta minax (L. Koch 1875)	<div><p>Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875)</p> <p>(Figs. 68–74)</p> <p>Buthus minax L. Koch, 1875: 4; Simon, 187 9: 99; Pavesi, 1885: 197; Hirst, 1911b: 217; Kraepelin, 1913: 171 (in part); Borelli, 1915: 46 0; Werner, 1916: 80; Lampe, 1918: 191; King, 1925: 80; Borelli, 1929: 297; Borelli, 1931: 218; Moritz &amp; Fischer, 1980: 319.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) minax (? in part): Pocock, 1890a: 126.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta minax: Kraepelin, 1899: 22; Tullgren, 1909: 2; Gough &amp; Hirst, 1927: 4; Kraepelin, 1929: 87.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) minax: Birula, 1908: 141; Werner, 1911: 185; Birula, 1915a: 123; Birula, 1928: 81; Werner, 1934: 269; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentota) minax: Simon, 1910: 72; Moriggi, 1941: 86.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentota) hottentotta minax: Roewer, 1943: 207.</p> <p>Buthotus minax: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 118; Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 502; Armas, 1986: 16; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1986: 185; El-Hennawy, 1992: 117.</p> <p>Hottentotta minax:? Loveridge, 1925: 305; Simard &amp; Watt, 1990: 436; Warburg &amp; Polis, 1990: 229; Kovařík, 2002: 7; Soleglad &amp; Fet, 2003a: 5; Soleglad &amp; Fet, 2003b: 7; Kovařík, 2003: 140; Lourenço, 2004: 216; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 106.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentota) minax: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 141.</p> <p>Buthotus minax minax: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 119.</p> <p>Buthotus minax typicus: Probst, 1973: 329.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentota) minax minax: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 141.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta minaci: Caporiacco, 1937: 357.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta (in part): Pavesi, 18 95c: 495; Kraepelin, 1891: 185; Thorell, 1893: 362.</p> <p>= Buthus isselii Pavesi, 1883: 3 (nomen nudum) (syn. by Pavesi, 1895c: 495).</p> <p>= Buthus hottentotta tigrinus Caporiacco, 1937: 355; Bartolozzi, Vanni &amp; Mascherini, 1987: 29 5; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 106 (syn. by Kovařík, 2003: 140).</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) tigrinus: Moriggi, 1941: 87; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.</p> <p>Buthotus hottentotta tigrinus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 124; El-Hennawy, 1992: 117.</p> <p>Buthotus minax tigrinus: Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 503.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax tigrinus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 142.</p> <p>Buthotus minax occidentalis Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 128; Vachon, 19 74: 885; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 503; Stockmann, 1979: 405; Francke &amp; Sissom, 1984: 12; Dupre &amp; Balliet, 199 7: 5.</p> <p>Hottentotta minax occidentalis: Polis &amp; Sissom, 1990: 197.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax occidentalis: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 142.</p> <p>Hottentotta occidentalis: Lourenço, 2004: 213.</p> <p>= Hottentotta acostai Lourenço, 2004: 213. Syn. n.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Egypt, Cairo; ZMHB.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Chad, South of Tibesti, NE Sherda-Zouar (steppe formation), 1♂ 1♀1♀ (im.) (paratypes of Hottentotta acostai Lourenço, 2004, Figs. 7 3–74), 7.IV.1968, leg. P. M. Brignoli, ZMUH No. A 37/04. Egypt, Cairo, 1♂ (Fig. 68)1im. (lectotype and paralectotype No. 1), leg. Jickeli, ZMHB No. 2518; Habab, 2♂ 2♀ (paralectotypes Nos. 2–5), leg. Jickeli, ZMHB No. 2519. Eritrea, Press Adua, terr. Gherungara, V.1936, 1♂ (lectotype of Buthus hottentotta tigrinus Caporiacco, 1937), MZUF No. 780.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Egypt, 1♂, SMFD No. 5246. Ethiopia, presso Adua, torrente Gherungurà, V.1936, 1♀, leg. R. Cimmaruta, MZUF No. 634; 1990, 5♂ 3♀ (Figs. 69–72) 1juv., FKCP. Eritrea, Adi Ugri, 1900, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 634; Ghinda, Val. R. Embatkalla, 29.XII.1900, 8♀ 3 juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 626; Ghinda, Val. R. Embatkalla, sotto sassi, 29.XII.1900, 3♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 625; Saganeiti, IV.1901, 3 juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 628; Saganeiti, IV.1901, 1♂ 6♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 620; Adi Ugri, V.1901, 1♂ 1♀ 6 juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 633; Adi Ugri, dintorni, sotto sassi, V.1901, 3♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 632; Adi Ugri, VI.1901, 4♂ 5♀ 9juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 635; Enda Abba Mali, terr[itorio di] Adi Ugri, 8.VI.1901, 2 ♂ 2♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 630; Enda Abba Mali, Adi Ugri, 8.VI.1901, 1♂ 2juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 631; Adi Ugri, VII.1901, 1♂, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 636; Adi Caieh, IV.1902, 3♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 624; Adi Caieh, dintorni, IV.1902, 2♀ 2juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 629; Adi Caieh, sotto sassi, V.1902, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 627; Adi Caieh, V.1902, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 621; Adi Caieh, VI.1902, 1♂, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 623; Adi Caieh, sotto sassi, VII.1902, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 622.? Kenya, D. O. Afrika, Tabora, 1913, 5♂ 5♀ 1juv., leg. Schablitzki, SMFD No. 5220.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 45–70 mm. For habitus see Figs. 68–74. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est, may be on level with est. Sexual dimorphism not pronounced; manus of pedipalp usually of same width in both sexes, but males have fingers twisted whereas females have them straight. Pectinal teeth number 19–28. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation, only tips of teeth on cheliceral fingers are black. Pedipalps sparsely hirsute. Metasoma bears only a few hairs. Color usually uniformly yellowish brown, only ventral carinae of metasoma black; mesosoma and carapace may be black in some specimens. Femur of pedipalps with 5 carinae that may be incomplete. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are smooth, without granules and obsolete. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12 or 13 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Lateral carinae may not be discernible in some males. All carinae granulated, dorsal carinae bear larger terminal granules. Metasoma strongly granulated, accessoric rows of granules present on dorsal surfaces of segments as well as on ventral surface of fifth segment. First metasomal segment of adults always wider than long; second metasomal segment usually also wider than long, but in smaller, less developed specimens of both sexes may be longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Chad, South of Tibesti, NE Sherda-Zouar; ZMUH.</p> <p>COMMENTS. H. acostai Lourenço, 2004 is based on six specimens of which I have seen three paratypes. Lourenço (2004: 216) distinguishes H. acostai from H. minax, actually H. minax occidentalis, by 1) smaller size (45 and 51 mm); 2) much more pale coloration; 3) more marked granulation on carapace and tergites; and 4) pectinal tooth counts, which in H. acostai show a less number of teeth (22 or 23 in males and 19 or 20 in females). As for character 1), I found one female paratype to be 59 mm long (Fig. 74). Characters 2) and 3) are valueless and, as is apparent from Figs. 68–74, do not show any difference. And neither character 4) shows anything that would separate the paratypes from H. minax (see diagnosis). The only difference, which Lourenço does not mention, may be a somewhat narrower metasoma (see Figs. 71 and 74), however that is common even in the same population (see discussion below) and e.g. in the MZUF collection have specimens with narrower metasoma often been labeled as Hottentotta minax tigrinus. Also the females paralectotypes of H. minax have the metasoma narrower than the specimen in Fig. 71.</p> <p>The taxonomic position of the subspecies H. minax occidentalis is questionable. Vachon &amp; Stockmann (1968: 128) described this taxon (type locality and type repository: Chad, Djermaya; MNHN) as a subspecies and distinguished it from other populations only on the positions of trichobothria on the femur of pedipalp, whose difference (figs. 36 and 37 in Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 117) are due to variability and therefore not taxonomically useful. Another difference is ventral granules on the fifth metasomal segment that, however, are also quite variable. Lourenço (2004: 213) elevated this subspecies to species without giving any reasons for the status change. Due to unavailability of MNHN types (see Kovařík, 2004: 27), I have no choice but to regard this taxon recorded from Chad and Cameroon as a subspecies of H. minax, with the stipulation that only a thorough study of the types can decide whether it is a synonym or a valid species.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Chad, Cameroon (Vachon &amp; Stockmann 1968: 129), Egypt (L. Koch, 1875: 7), Eritrea, Ethiopia (Borelli, 1915: 460), Kenya, Libya (Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 142), Sudan (Birula, 1908: 141). This species has been reported also from Tanzania (Lampe, 1918: 191; Werner, 1916: 80; Loveridge, 1925: 305; Werner, 1936: 175), however I suspect all such reports to concern misidentified H. trilineatus. Also Uganda records (Birula, 1908: 141) are most likely dubious.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F53FFF823351DD40BFDF89B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F4EFFFA21891EB20B1FFF1D.text	B62B34242F4EFFFA21891EB20B1FFF1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta niloticus (Birula 1928)	<div><p>Hottentotta niloticus (Birula, 1928)</p> <p>(Figs. 14, 75–76)</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) minax niloticus Birula, 1928: 82.</p> <p>Buthotus minax niloticus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 124; Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 197 5: 502; El-Hennawy, 1992: 117.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax niloticus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 142.</p> <p>Hottentotta niloticus: Kovařík, 2003: 140.</p> <p>Buthotus minax: Kovařík, 1992: 183.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Sudan, Nile River valley, Kordofan and Sennaar regions; ZISP.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Sudan, south, 1♂, FKCP; Wad Medani, 2♂, 8.VIII.1982, leg. J. Kotásek, FKCP, 1♂ 2♀, NMPC; Khartoum, Sunt Forest, 1♂ (Figs. 14, 75–76), 29.IX.1967, leg. P. Štys, FKCP; Khartoum, 1♀, 10.VIII.1973, leg. V. Seichert, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 45–70 mm. For habitus see Figs. 75–76. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est, may be level with est. Male manus of pedipalp broader and fingers of pedipalps twisted (straight in female). Pectinal teeth number 22–27. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation, only tips of teeth on cheliceral fingers are black. Pedipalps sparsely hirsute. Metasoma bears only a few hairs. Color usually uniformly yellowish brown, only ventral carinae of metasoma black; mesosoma and carapace may be black in some specimens. Femur of pedipalps with 5 carinae that may be incomplete. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are smooth, without granules and obsolete. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12 or 13 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Lateral carinae may not be discernible in some males. All carinae granulated, dorsal carinae bear larger terminal granules. Metasoma strongly granulated, accessoric rows of granules present on dorsal surfaces of segments as well as on ventral surface of fifth segment. First metasomal segment of adults always wider than long; second metasomal segment of both sexes usually also wider than long. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. H. niloticus is very closely related to H. minax, from which it differs only in being more sexually dimorphic – the male manus of pedipalp in adult H. niloticus is markedly broader than that of the female. In the examined specimens of H. minax the width of the manus is the same in both sexes.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Sudan (Birula, 1928: 82).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F4EFFFA21891EB20B1FFF1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F4CFFFA23191F7F0C67FA25.text	B62B34242F4CFFFA23191F7F0C67FA25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta pachyurus (Pocock 1897)	<div><p>Hottentotta pachyurus (Pocock, 1897)</p> <p>(Figs. 15, 77–81)</p> <p>Buthus pachyurus Pocock, 1897a: 107; Kraepelin, 1899: 20; Pocock, 1900a: 27; Kraepelin, 1913: 129 (in part); Lindberg, 1946: 152; Takashima, 1945: 75.</p> <p>Buthus pachyurus typicus: Kraepelin, 1913: 130.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) pachyurus: Roewer, 1943: 206.</p> <p>Buthotus pachyurus: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Kovařík, 199 2: 183.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) pachyurus: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Hottentotta pachyura: Kovařík, 2001b: 83; Kovařík, 2002: 7.</p> <p>Mesobuthus pachyurus: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 236; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 178; Bastawade, 2002: 294.</p> <p>= Hemibuthus kraepelini Roewer, 1943: 213 (syn. by Kovařík, 1999: 291).</p> <p>Hottentotta (?) kraepelini: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 141.</p> <p>= Hottentotta (Deccanobuthus) geffardi Lourenço, 2000: 192; Lourenço, 2004: 211; Lourenço &amp; Ythier, 2 006: 71. Syn. n.</p> <p>Hottentotta rugiscutis: Kovařík, 1999: 291 (in part); Kovařík, 200 2: 7.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. India, Maharashtra, Mundla; BMNH.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. India, Maharashtra, Mundla, 1♀ (lectotype hereby designated, Figs. 77–78), leg. A. N. Cacia, BMNH No. 1896.9.26.17–19; Tamil Nadu; Dekan, Nilgiris, 1♀ (lectotype of Hemibuthus kraepelini Roewer, 1943, Figs. 80–81) and 2♂ (paralectotypes Nos 1–2 of Hemibuthus kraepelini Roewer, 1943), SMFD No. 8880/222; Maharashtra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.433334/lat 18.083334)">Deccan Kurduvadi</a>, 18º05'N 75º26'E, VII.1939, 1♀ (holotype of Hottentotta (Deccanobuthus) geffardi Lourenço, 2000, Fig. 79), leg. K. Lindberg, ZMUH No. A 70/00.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. India, Tamil Nadu, Deccan, Nilgiris, 1♂ 2♀ 1juv., SMFD No. 8851/193 and No. 1084/15; Deccan, 2♀ (Fig. 15), 1985, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 35–50 mm. For habitus see Figs. 77–81. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est. Male with fingers proximally twisted, manus and metasomal segments slightly wider than female, and with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments. Pectinal teeth number 20–24. Chelicerae yellow to green, usually reticulate. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, dorsal surface of mesosoma, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments, and vesicle densely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Color uniformly reddish brown to black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Dorsal surface of femur granulated. Patella usually with 2 carinae on internal surface, other carinae poorly defined or absent. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. Dorsal surfaces of mesosoma and carapace granulated. First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Entire metasoma (except smooth dorsal surface with but a few solitary granules) densely granulated. Granules large, conspicuous, may obscure carinae. Telson also densely granulated. First to third metasomal segments of adult females wider than long. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio about 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Tikader &amp; Bastawade (1983: 185–188) placed this species together with H. tamulus and H. rugiscutis in Mesobuthus. However, according to Fet &amp; Lowe (2000: 134) the placement of this “Indian lineage” in Mesobuthus is uncertain. Lourenço (2000: 192) accepted the transfer of Indian species from Hottentotta to Mesobuthus, but left the Indian Hottentotta (Deccanobuthus) geffardi Lourenço, 2000 in Hottentotta. Examination of the holotype (Fig. 79) has shown this taxon to be a synonym of H. pachyurus (Fig. 77). In this revision, all Indian species of Mesobuthus are moved back to Hottentotta.</p> <p>I originally synonymized Hemibuthus kraepelini Roewer, 1943 (Figs. 80 and 81) with H. rugiscutis (see Kovařík, 1999: 291). At that time I did not see the types of H. rugiscutis, H. hendersoni, and H. pachyurus and based the synonymy only on published information. Now, upon examination of types of the said taxa and of several hundred other specimens from India I am convinced that Hemibuthus kraepelini Roewer, 1943 is a synonym of H. pachyurus. The lectotype is being designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India (Pocock, 1897a: 108).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F4CFFFA23191F7F0C67FA25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F4CFFF32145187708E4FF3E.text	B62B34242F4CFFF32145187708E4FF3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta penjabensis (Birula 1897) Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta penjabensis (Birula, 1897) comb. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 82–83)</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta (in part): Kraepelin, 1891: 192 (Birula, 1897: 377).</p> <p>Buthus alticola forma beta (penjabensis) Birula, 1897: 382.</p> <p>Buthus alticola penjabensis: Kraepelin, 1899: 21; Pocock, 1900a: 22; Kraepelin, 1913: 127; Vachon, 1958: 139.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) alticola pendjabensis: Birula, 1914: 654.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) alticola pendschabensis: Birula, 1917: 241.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola penjabensis: Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21.</p> <p>Buthotus alticola punjabensis: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 164.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) alticola penjabensis: Kovařík, 1998: 109; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 136.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Northern Punjab, India; now Pakistan or India; ZISP.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Pakistan, Baluchistan, Hazarganji Chiltan n. p., 10 km W from Quetta, 18.VII.1998, 2♂ 1♀, leg. L. Černý, FKCP; Baluchistan, Zhob, VI. 2006, 2♂ (Figs. 82–83), leg. Zubair Ahmed, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 60–90 mm. For habitus see Figs. 82–83. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to black, reticulate. Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 29–34 in males, 23–26 in females. Pedipalps and metasoma sparsely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Color yellow to yellowish green or brown except black anterior part of carapace and fingers of pedipalps; in some specimens entire carapace and mesosomal segments except seventh tergite may be black (Fig. 82). Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14 or 15 rows of granules and 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 or 10 carinae; third and fourth segments with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Dorsal surface smooth, but fourth and fifth segments bear 2 short, inconspicuous carinae each. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Fet &amp; Lowe (2000: 136) state that the type locality is probably in Pakistan, not in India as assumed by previous authors. An occurrence of this species in Pakistan, Quetta, published by Vachon (1959: 139) was based on BMNH specimens. Also, specimens in my collection are from the vicinity of Quetta (Hazarganji Chiltan n. p.). Two males were found by the Pakistani arachnologist Zubair Ahmed at Zhob (Figs. 82–83). The species is known from only a small number of specimens. Vachon (1959: 139) measured an immature male from Quetta (BMNH) at 46 mm, but Tikader &amp; Bastawade (1983: 165) gave length of the same specimen as 50 mm. An adult male collected by Zubair Ahmed is 85 mm long. Total length of 87 mm is given by Birula (1914: 656).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan (? Birula, 1897: 382),? India (? Birula, 1897: 382).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F4CFFF32145187708E4FF3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F45FFF323191F590D7CFBD9.text	B62B34242F45FFF323191F590D7CFBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock 1896)	<div><p>Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 1896)</p> <p>(Figs. 16, 84–87)</p> <p>Buthus polystictus Pocock, 1896a: 178; Pocock, 1897b: 402; Kraepelin, 1899: 22; Pocock, 1900b: 57; Kraepelin, 1901: 266; Hirst, 1911b: 217; Lönnberg, 1912: 2; Masi, 1912: 96; Kraepelin, 1913: 170; Birula, 1916: 51; Borelli, 1919: 363; Borelli, 1925b: 316; Borelli, 1931: 218; Moriggi, 1941: 87.</p> <p>Buthus polysticus: Borelli, 1904a: 1.</p> <p>Buthus emini polystictus: Kraepelin, 1903: 560.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) polystictus: Birula, 1915b: 12; Vachon, 1940b: 255; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.</p> <p>Buthotus polystictus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 99; Probst, 1973: 320; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 503; El-Hennawy, 1992: 117.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) polystictus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 142.</p> <p>Hottentotta polysticta: Kovařík, 2001b: 84.</p> <p>Hottentotta polystictus: Kovařík, 2003: 140; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 107.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somalia, Goolis Mountains, inland of Berbera; BMNH.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somalia, Goolis Mountains, inland of Berbera, 2♀ 1im. (holotype and paratypes, Fig. 84), leg. E. Lort Phillips, BMNH No. 1895.6.1.46–7.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, Assab, 2♀ 3ims., 1940, FKCP. Kenya, North Horr, 3.IX.2003, 2♀ (Figs. 16 and 85), leg. T. Mazuch, FKCP. Somalia, tra Villabruzzi e Bolo Burti, 100 km da Villabruzzi, Staz. 8, 14.VII.1962, 1♂ 1juv., leg. B. Lanza, MZUF No. 837; duna consolidata 4 km da Mogadiscio, 3– 4.VII.1962, 1♂ 1♀ 1juv., MZUF No. 836; Vittoria d´Africa, sotto pietra in boscaglia xerofila su duna, 29.IV.1968, 2♀, leg. B. Lanza, MZUF No. 838; Bud Bud, 15.VIII.1968, 5♂ 22♀ 5juvs., MZUF No. 839, 16.VIII.1968, 2♀, MZUF No. 840, 16. –17.VIII.1968, 1♂, MZUF No. 835, 17.VIII.1968, 1♀, MZUF No. 834; Run, valle del Nogal, VIII.1969, 1♀, MZUF No. 841; Oasi di Galgala, X.1973, 2♂ (Figs. 86–87) 14♀ 19juvs. and 21juvs. before first ecdysis, MZUF No. 842; 1♀ (im.), VIII.1968, MZUF No. 952; 1♀ 1juv., circa 1972, MZUF No. 843.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 40–60 mm, some males may be only 35 mm long. For habitus see Figs. 84–87. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est. Sexual dimorphism not pronounced; manus of pedipalp of approximately same width in both sexes, but males have fingers of pedipalps slightly twisted. Pectinal teeth number 23–27 in males, 18–22 in females. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation, only tips of teeth on cheliceral fingers are black. Pedipalps sparsely hirsute. Metasoma with only a few hairs. Color uniformly yellowish brown, only mesosoma and carapace may be black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae that may be incomplete. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are smooth, without granules and obsolete. Chela lacks carinae but is usually granulate. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12–14 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment bears 4 well marked ventral carinae, usually with granules. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. All carinae granulated, dorsal carinae bear larger terminal granules. Metasoma very narrow. First metasomal segment of adults usually longer than wide or as long as wide, second metasomal segment always longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment less than 1.4. Telson bulbous.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Eritrea, Ethiopia (Kraepelin, 1903: 560; Borelli, 1931: 218; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 107), Djibouti (Kraepelin, 1903: 560), Kenya (Lönnberg, 1912: 2), Somalia (Pocock, 1896a: 178), Tanzania (Probst, 1973: 320).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F45FFF323191F590D7CFBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F45FFF7219B1A380BF9FB1D.text	B62B34242F45FFF7219B1A380BF9FB1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta rugiscutis (Pocock 1897)	<div><p>Hottentotta rugiscutis (Pocock, 1897)</p> <p>(Figs. 88–92)</p> <p>Buthus rugiscutis Pocock, 1897a: 106; Kraepelin, 1899: 20; Pocock, 1900a: 26; Takashima, 1945: 74; Weidner, 1959: 99.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) rugiscutis: Roewer, 1943: 206.</p> <p>Buthotus rugiscutis: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Kovařík, 1992: 183.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) rugiscutis: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Hottentotta rugiscutis: Kovařík, 1999: 291 (in part); Kovařík, 2001b: 83.</p> <p>Buthus pachyurus: Kraepelin, 1913: 130 (in part).</p> <p>Buthus pachyurus rugiscutis: Kraepelin, 1913: 130.</p> <p>Mesobuthus rugiscutis: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 229; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 178; Bastawade, 2002: 294.</p> <p>= Buthus rugiscutis nigritus Pocock, 1900a: 27 (syn. by Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 235).</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) rugiscutis nigritus: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Buthus pachyurus nigritus: Kraepelin, 1913: 130.</p> <p>= Buthus hendersoni Pocock, 1900a: 26; Kraepelin, 1913: 129; Takashima, 1945: 76. Syn. n.</p> <p>Buthotus hendersoni: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) hendersoni: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Hottentotta hendersoni: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Kovařík, 2001b: 83.</p> <p>Mesobuthus hendersoni: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 223; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 177.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Madras, Yercaud, Cuddapah, Trichinopoly, Tanjore, India; BMNH Nos. 1896.7.30.51–8.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. India, Maharasthra, Mahableshwar, 1♀ (lectotype hereby designated, Figs. 88–89), leg. R.C. Wroughton, BMNH No. 1896.6.13.1– 7; Tamil Nadu, Madras, Tanjore, 1♀ (lectotype of Buthus hendersoni hereby designated, Fig. 90), leg. E. P. Popert, BMNH No. 1896.7.30.50.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. India, Andhra Pradesh, Nellore, Kovour Taluk, 12.IX.1966, 2♀, leg. Elizabeth</p> <p>Jacob, CASC; Podile, 13.VI.1966, 2♀, 13.II.1967, 1♂, VIII.1967, 2♀, leg. D. E. Johnson, CASC; Merireddy Palem, 12.VII.1966, 1♀ 24juvs. before first ecdysis, 7.VIII.1966, 1♀, 10.VIII.1966, 1♀, leg. D. E. Johnson, CASC; Kodavalur, 12.IX.1966, 3♀, leg. E. Jacob, CASC; Tharigoppula, 3.VIII.1967, 2♂, leg. A. L. Slater, CASC; Goa, near Ponda, II.2005, 1♀ (Fig. 91), leg. V. Fura, FKCP; Jharkhand, 6 mi. NE Dhanbad, 250 m., 7.XI.1961, 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; 12 mi. NE Dumka, 200 m., 31.X.1961, 2♀, leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Karnataka, Shimoga dist., Agumbe ghat, 2000 ft., T.R.S.N., V.2001, 1♂ 1♀, FKCP; Kerala, Walayar forest, V.1960, 1im.2juvs., CASC; Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, VII.1958, 2♂ 5♀,leg. P. Susai Nathan, CASC; Maharashtra, Ajanta Caves, 500 m., 28.I.1962, 2♀, leg. E. S. Ross &amp; D. O. Cavagnaro, CASC; Bombay, IV.1964, 1♀, leg. F. B. Steiner, CASC; Mahabaleshvar, II.2005, 1♂ 5♀ (Fig. 92), leg. V. Fura, FKCP; Pondicherry, Karaikal, VII.1954, 1♀, II.1961, 2♂ 3♀, III. 1962, 2♀, leg. P. Susai Nathan, CASC; St. Karikal, P.S.N., V.1968, 1♀, FKCP; Karaikal, T.R.S.N., 2001, 1♀, 2002, 14♀ 5♂, 2003, 6♂ 21♀, FKCP; Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, 3 mi. S. Kuniyur, 50 m., 28.III.1962, 2♂ 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; D. Cavagnaro, CASC; 10 mi S Udamalpet, 450 m., 19.III.1962, 5juvs., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Chingleput (now Chengalpattu), 14.IV.1962, 1im., leg. S. Ross &amp; D. Q. Cavagnaro, CASC; Coimbatore, XII.1951, 1♀, IX.1963, 1♀, 12.IX.1966, 2♀, 11.X.1966, 1♂ 1♀, 10.-14.XI.1966, 1♀1♀ (im.), leg. K. N. Banerjee and P. Susai Nathan, CASC; Sethumadai, near Pollachi, 375 m., 18.III.1962, 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross &amp; D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Madras, II.1993, 1♀, leg. M. Veselý, FKCP; Tamil, 29.IX.1993, 1♀, FKCP; 25 km N Pudukottai, 20.X.1997, 1♂, leg. Werner, FKCP; Batlagundu-Kodaikanal, 22.X.1997, 1♀, leg. Werner, FKCP; North Arcot dist., Tiruvannamalai, T.R.S.N. coll., XII. 2000, 1♂ 2♀, X. 2001, 3♀, FKCP; Coimbatore Dist, Marudamaiai Hills, 1800 feet, P.S.N. coll., 2001, 1♀, XII.2003, 3♂ 5♀, XII.2004, 1♂, FKCP; West Bengal, Calcutta, 12.I.1967, 1♂, leg. D. N. Santra, CASC.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 30–60 mm. For habitus see Figs. 88–92. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est or on level with trichobothrium est. Male with fingers proximally twisted, manus of pedipalps wider than female. Pectinal teeth number 23–29 in males, 19–26 in females. Chelicerae yellow to green, reticulate, reticulation may be poorly developed in males. Entire body only sparsely hirsute, especially metasomal segments. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are short. Color uniformly yellow to reddish brown. In specimens with darker mesosoma legs always lighter than mesosoma. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Dorsal surfaces of femur and patella usually granulated. Patella with 2 or 4 carinae on internal surface, no other carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12–14 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. Dorsal surfaces of mesosoma and carapace granulated. First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Metasoma densely granulated between carinae except dorsal surface, which is sparsely granulated, usually smooth at center and often bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. Granules on ventral and namely lateral surfaces of metasoma large, conspicuous, sometimes obscuring carinae. Telson also densely granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. First and second metasomal segments of adults wider than long, but second segment of males may be rarely slightly longer than wide. Third metasomal segment usually longer than wide, but in females may also be wider than long. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio is around 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment less than 1.3.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Pocock (1897) described Hottentotta rugiscutis as Buthus rugiscutis and based the species on a pair deposited at BMNH. I examined the female and designate it the lectotype in order to stabilize the taxon.</p> <p>Pocock (1900) described Hottentotta hendersoni as Buthus hendersoni on the basis of several specimens deposited at BMNH. I examined a female and designate it the lectotype in order to stabilize the taxon. Pocock (1900: 26) stated that the third metasomal segment of Buthus hendersoni is longer than wide, but in the female lectotype (Fig. 90) it is 3.3 mm wide and 3.1 mm long. Examination of both lectotypes and of many other specimens (see material) convinces me that Buthus hendersoni is a synonym of H. rugiscutis. Pocock (1900) further described the subspecies Buthus rugiscutis nigritus from one female, also deposited at BMNH, which he characterized primarily by its color. However, since in reality the color is variable, I agree with Tikader &amp; Bastawade (1983: 235) that that this taxon is also a synonym of H. rugiscutis.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India (Pocock, 1897a: 107).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F45FFF7219B1A380BF9FB1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F41FFF722E11B710C38FA6A.text	B62B34242F41FFF722E11B710C38FA6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta salei (Vachon 1980) Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta salei (Vachon, 1980) comb. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 93–94)</p> <p>Buthotus jayakari salei Vachon, 1980: 255; Vachon &amp; Kinzelbach, 1987: 100; El-Hennawy, 1992: 116.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) jayakari salei: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 140.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Oman, Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, Wadi Rabkut; MNHN.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. United Arab Emirates, Ras Al Khaimah, env. river dam, 24°59'43.2"N 56°07'00.8"E, 25.XI.2006, 1juv., leg. J. Batelka et H. Pinda, JBCP. Yemen, Al Mahra gov., Wadi N of DAMQUT vill., 16°34'20"N 52°50'03"E, 24 m [GPS], 16.–17.X.2005, 1♀ 1juv. (Figs. 93–94), leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.466667/lat 15.15)">Wadi Dawan</a>, NW Al Mukalla, 15°09'N 48°28'E, 946 m., 20.X.2005, 1♀ (im.), leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 65–80 mm. For habitus see Figs. 93–94. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to brown, reticulate. Sexual dimorphism not readily apparent; width of pedipalp chela and metasomal segments same in both sexes, males have fingers of pedipalps somewhat more twisted then females. Pectinal teeth number 37–42 in males, 32– 34 in females. Pedipalps densely hirsute, metasoma sparsely hirsute. Carapace, mesosoma, and chela of pedipalps, fourth and fifth metasomal segments and telson yellowish brown to black. Anterior part of carapace with black spot. Femur and patella of pedipalps, legs, and first to third metasomal segments yellow to yellowish green (Fig. 93). Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–15 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 carinae and lateral median short row of granules; third and fourth segments with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. All metasomal carinae granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First metasomal segment of adults usually longer than wide or as long as wide, second metasomal segment always longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1.</p> <p>COMMENTS. The metasoma is much less hirsute than the pedipalps, but is more hirsute than in the sister species H. jayakari. This species was originally described as a subspecies of H. jayakari, however the distributions of the two taxons overlap and the species are easily separated by color.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: United Arab Emirates (first report), Oman (Vachon, 1980: 255), Yemen (first report).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F41FFF722E11B710C38FA6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F41FF8A21B11BB508DEFD24.text	B62B34242F41FF8A21B11BB508DEFD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon 1880)	<div><p>Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880)</p> <p>(Figs. 17, 95–99)</p> <p>Buthus saulcyi Simon, 1880a: 378; Simon, 1880b: 29; Kraepelin, 1899: 18; Kraepelin, 1901: 267; Weidner, 1959: 99.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) saulcyi: Birula, 1905: 136; Birula, 1917: 214; Birula, 1918: 30; Vachon, 1940b: 255.</p> <p>Buthotus saulcyi: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon, 1958: 134; Pringle, 1960: 79; Khalaf, 1962: 2; Khalaf, 1963: 64; Vachon, 1966: 210; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Habibi, 1971: 43; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Farzanpay, 1988: 37; El-Hennawy, 1992: 118; Kovařík, 1992: 90; Kovařík, 1992: 183; Dupré, Lambert &amp; Gérard, 1998: 70.</p> <p>Hottentotta saulcyi: Kovařík, 1997a: 40; Crucitti &amp; Vignoli, 2002: 446; Vignoli, Kovařík &amp; Crucitti, 2003: 4; Karatas, 2003: 315.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) saulcyi: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 143.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta: Kraepelin, 1891: 185 (in part).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Iraq, Mosul; MNHN, ZMUH.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Afghanistan, Djebel us Saraj, 1♂, det.1990, FKCP. Iraq, Bagdad, 1♂, leg. V. Kálalová, NMPC. Iran, 115 km östlich von Bandar Abbas, 3.IV.1972, 1juv., leg. K. Bilek, det. R. Farzanpay, NHMW No. 4707; prov. Fars, Shiraz, 1842, leg. Th. Kotschy, 1♂ (Fig. 99), NHMW, No. 1842 I.33; 1♀, exp. Nat. Mus. Prague, 1977, NMPC; prov. Hamadán, ca 2000 m, 35 km SE of Hamadán, Gonbad vill. env., 1♀ 2juvs., 7.-8.V.1996, leg. M. Kaftan, FKCP; prov. Hamadán, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.964447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.748333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.964447/lat 34.748333)">Alandže</a>, 1700 m, 34°44'54"N 47°57'52"E, 2♀, 5.-6.X.1998, leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP; prov. Bachtarán, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.434723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.391945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.434723/lat 34.391945)">Bisotul</a>, 1300–1600 m, 34°23'31"N 47°26'05"E, 1♂ 3♀ 1juv., 6.-8.X.1998, leg. P. Kabátek, 1♀ (Figs. 17 and 98), leg. M. Kaftan, FKCP; prov. Bachtarán, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.365555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.169167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.365555/lat 34.169167)">Hasrouabad</a>, 1300 m, 34°10'09"N 46°21'56"E, 2♂ (Figs. 95–96) 1♀ 1im., 17.-18.X.1998, leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP; prov. Lorestán, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.016666/lat 33.45)">Dorůd</a>, 80 km E Horramabad, 33°27'N 49°01'E, 10.VI.1999, 1♂, leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP; prov. Ilám, 1786 m., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.683334/lat 33.716667)">30 km NW Ilám</a>, 33°43'N 46°41'E, 7.VII.2004, 1♀ (Fig. 97), leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 75–120 mm, males usually smaller than females. For habitus see Figs. 95–99. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 28–36 in males, 24–29 in females. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, dorsal surface of mesosoma, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments, and vesicle densely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Chelicerae black, reticulate. Color yellow to yellowish green or brown, except black anterior part of carapace, telson and fifth metasomal segment. Ventral carinae on third and fourth metasomal segments may be also black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Patella with 4–8 carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–16 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second and third segments with 8 or 10 carinae; fourth segment with 6–10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Carinae of metasomal segments often smooth. All metasomal segments smooth, without granules between carinae. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. This species has movable fingers of pedipalps with 5 or 6 terminal granules. One examined male from Iran has only 4 terminal granules on the right movable finger and 5 on the left movable finger. I have not found 4 terminal granules in any other specimen of Hottentotta and consider the missing granule to be an aberration without any taxonomic value.</p> <p>Pectinal teeth number 28 in one male from Iraq, 30 and 32 in a male from Afghanistan, and 32–34 in males from Iran.</p> <p>The oldest examined specimen is an NHMW male from Iran (Shiraz), which has been in alcohol since 1842 and as a result lacks all dark spots (Fig. 99). Also its chelicerae are now yellow, without reticulation, and the dense pubescence characteristic of this species has been lost. These consequences of long preservation in alcohol must be taken into account in study of older specimens.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan (Kovařík, 1997a: 40), Iraq (Simon, 1880a: 379), Iran (Vachon, 1966: 210), and Turkey (Crucitti &amp; Vignoli, 2002: 446). Record for Syria (Kinzelbach, 1985; El-Hennawy, 1992: 118) must be considered dubious.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F41FF8A21B11BB508DEFD24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F3CFF8C23071D740C05F8BD.text	B62B34242F3CFF8C23071D740C05F8BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta scaber (Ehrenberg 1828)	<div><p>Hottentotta scaber (Ehrenberg, 1828)</p> <p>(Figs. 100–104)</p> <p>Androctonus (Prionurus) scaber Ehrenberg in Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1828: pl. 2, fig. 7; Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1829: 359; Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1831: 10; Moritz &amp; Fischer, 1980: 323; Braunwalder &amp; Fet, 1998: 32.</p> <p>Scorpio (Androctonus) scaber: Gervais, 1844b: 46.</p> <p>Buthus scaber: Karsch, 1879a: 9; Pavesi, 1885: 197; Pocock, 1891: 241; Kraepelin, 1895: 82; Kraepelin, 1899: 19; Kraepelin, 1901: 266; Pocock, 1903b: 215; Borelli, 1915: 459; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 43; Moriggi, 1941: 84; Whittick, 1971: 2.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) scaber: Birula, 1914: 654; Birula, 1917: 214; Caporiacco, 1947: 230.</p> <p>Buthotus scaber: Vachon, 1958: 134; Pringle, 1960: 82; Khalaf, 1963: 65; Vachon, 1966: 210; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 503; Vachon, 1977: 211; El-Hennawy, 1992: 118.</p> <p>Hottentotta scaber: Sissom, 1994: 36; Kovařík, 2001a: 44; Kovařík, 2003: 140; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 108.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) scaber: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 143.</p> <p>? Buthus gibbosus (in part): Kraepelin, 1891: 193.</p> <p>= Buthus dimidiatus Simon, 1882: 244; Simon, 1889: 122; Pocock, 1895: 293, 316; Simon, 1890: 122; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 505 (syn. by Pocock, 1891: 241).</p> <p>Buthus scaber dimidiatus: Pocock, 1903b: 215.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) scaber dimidiatus: Birula, 1910:</p> <p>171; Birula, 1917: 230; Birula, 1937: 101.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Arkiko, Abyssinia; ZMHB.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED.? Eritrea, Arkiko (Abyssinia), 2♀ (lectotype hereby designated and paralectotype, Fig. 104) leg. Ehrenberg, ZMHB No. 130.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Saudi Arabia, island Seir Farasãn Kebir, spiaggia e duna zona NE della Janâba Bay, 1.IV.1984, 1♀, leg. B. Lanza, MZUF No. 1108. Yemen, XI.1999, 2♀ (ims.)2juvs., leg. K. Šťastný, FKCP; Al Mahwit env., wadi sari, 15°25'56"N 43°28'58"E, 840 m., 18.XI.2003, 3juvs., leg. Petr Kabátek and David Král, FKCP; S Nuqbah (S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.516666/lat 18.066668)">Habbān</a>), 18°04'N 51°31'E, 970 m, 22.X.2005, 3juvs., leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP; Shabwah gov., 22.X.2005, S of An Nuqbah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083054/lat 14.23)">Al Aram</a> vill., 14°13'48"N 47°04'59"E, 970 m., 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; Abyan gov., 22.–23.X.2005, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.800278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.876667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.800278/lat 13.876667)">Lawdar</a> env., 13°52'36"N 45°48'01"E, 1151 m., 1♂ 1♀ (Figs. 100–103), leg. D. Král, FKCP; Al Mahwit gov., Al Mahwit SW env., by road, 15°25'49"N 43°28'59"E, 841 m., 1.–2.XI.2005, 1♀, leg. D. Král, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 60–85 mm. For habitus see Figs. 100–104. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow to black, reticulate. Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 34–37 in males, 28–33 in females. Pedipalps and legs densely hirsute, metasoma sparsely hirsute, fifth metasomal segment more hirsute than first. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Carapace, mesosoma except seventh tergite (or its posterior part), fifth metasomal segment and telson black. First three metasomal segments, legs and pedipalps including fingers uniformly pale yellow. Ventral carinae on metasomal segments also black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae, patella with 8 carinae, chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14–15 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First and second metasomal segments with 10 carinae; third and fourth segments with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. All metasomal carinae granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes wider than long. Second through fourth metasomal segment width ratio in both sexes = 1.26–1.30.</p> <p>COMMENTS. The lectotype is being designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature. Both type females are immatures and therefore have metasomal segments narrower than examined adults from Yemen.</p> <p>H. scaber has three characters unusual for the genus. It differs from all other species in coloration, with the carapace, mesosoma, the fifth metasomal segment and telson black and all other parts pale yellow (Figs. 100–103). Exceptional is also the combination of densely hirsute pedipalps and sparsely hirsute metasoma, which indicates closeness to H. jayakari and H. salei inhabiting the same areas. Most unusual are the very broad first and second metasomal segments in relation to the fourth metasomal segment, namely in females (Figs. 100–103). This unusual feature is otherwise present only in H. jalalabadensis sp. n. (Figs. 56–59), which is easily distinguished by other noted characters (pubescence and color).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Eritrea, Ethiopia (Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1829: 359; Birula, 1917: 214), Saudi Arabia (Birula, 1914: 654), and Yemen (Simon, 1890: 122). Records from Egypt (Vachon &amp; Stockmann 1968) and Iraq (Khalaf, 1963: 65) must be considered dubious.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F3CFF8C23071D740C05F8BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F39FF8F233D1D3E0AD2F9F9.text	B62B34242F39FF8F233D1D3E0AD2F9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta schach (Birula 1905)	<div><p>Hottentotta schach (Birula, 1905)</p> <p>(Figs. 18, 105–106)</p> <p>Buthus schach Birula, 1905: 134.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) schach: Birula, 1914: 652; Birula, 1917: 214; Birula, 1918: 31.</p> <p>Buthotus schach: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon, 1958: 134; Vachon, 1966: 211; Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Habibi, 1971: 43; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 20; Farzanpay, 1988: 37; El-Hennawy, 1992: 118.</p> <p>Hottentotta schach: Farzanpay &amp; Pretzmann, 1974: 215; Kovařík, 1997a: 40.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) schach: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 14 3.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Dech-i-Dis (now Dehdez), Arabistan (now Khuzestan Province, Iran); ZISP.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Iran, Pass 160 km NE Shiraz, 2 0. IV.1970, 1♀ (im.) 1juv., leg. Pietzmann and Bilek, det. R. Farzanpay, NHMW No. 3401; Fars prov., alt. ca 1700m, 10 km E of Sivand vill., 29–30.IV.1996, 2♀ (Figs. 18, 105–106), leg. M. Kaftan, 1♂, leg. V. Šejna, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 100–130 mm. For habitus see Figs. 105–106. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal and pedipalp segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 33–35 in males, 26–29 in females. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, dorsal surface of mesosoma, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments, and vesicle densely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Color yellowish green except black patella and chela of pedipalps, anterior part of carapace, telson and fourth and fifth metasomal segments. Ventral surfaces of second and third metasomal segments may be also black. Chelicerae black, reticulate. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Patella with 8 carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 15 or 16 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second segment with 8 or 10 carinae; third segment with 8 carinae and a short row of granules in center of lateral part; fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal. Dorsal surface smooth, fifth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>COMMENTS. This is the largest species of the genus.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Iraq (Vachon, 196 6: 211), Iran (Birula, 1 905: 134).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F39FF8F233D1D3E0AD2F9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F39FF832192181B0D7CF8A4.text	B62B34242F39FF832192181B0D7CF8A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta socotrensis (Pocock 1889)	<div><p>Hottentotta socotrensis (Pocock, 1889)</p> <p>(Figs. 4, 107–111)</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta: Kraepelin, 1891: 185 (in part).</p> <p>Buthus socotrensis Pocock, 1889: 337; Kraepelin, 1899: 20; Pocock, 190 3a: 178;? Borelli, 1 915: 460; Strand, 1916: 49.</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) socotrensis: Pocock, 1890a: 126; Birula, 1917: 213, 229.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta socotrensis: Lönnberg, 1897: 183.</p> <p>Buthotus (Balfourianus) socotrensis: Vachon, 1979: 233.</p> <p>Buthotus socotrensis: Probst, 1973: 329.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Balfourianus) socotrensis: Kovařík, 1998: 111; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 145; Lourenço, 2004: 211.</p> <p>Hottentotta socotrensis: Kovařík, 2000: 64; Šťastný, Kovařík &amp; Bejček, 2000: 64; Kabátek, Kovařík &amp; Král, 2005: 73.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Socotra Island; BMNH.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Yemen, Socotra Island, XI.199 9, 5♂ 13♀ (Fig. 107)7juvs., leg. K. Šťastný, III.2000, 3♂ 8♀ 3ims.4juvs., leg. K. Štastný, FKCP; Ayhaft, 3.IX.2000, 1juv., leg. V. Bejček &amp; K. Šťastný, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.016666/lat 12.783334)">Firmihin</a>, 12°47'N 54°01'E, 530 m., X.2000, 1♂ 1♀ 1juv., leg. V. Bejček &amp; K. Šťastný, FKCP; Noged, 12°31'N 53°67'E, 250 m., 12. –13.XI.2000, 1♀, leg. V. Bejček &amp; K. Šťastný, FKCP; Calanthia, 29–30.III.2001, 2♂ (Figs. 1 08–109), leg. V. Bejček &amp; K. Šťastný, FKCP; Hadiboh env., ca 10– 100 m., 12°65'02"N 54°02'04"E, 21.XI.– 12.XII.20 03, 2♂ 2♀ (Figs. 110–111)2ims., leg. P. Kabátek &amp; D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.02639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.692223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.02639/lat 12.692223)">Wadi Hoq</a>, 54 m., 12°41'32"N 54°01'35"E, 22.XI.2003, 1♀, leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.0625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.667223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.0625/lat 12.667223)">Suq</a>, sand dune, 20– 170 m., 12°40'02"N 54°03'45"E, 22.XI.2003, 1♀ 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.782223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.609722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.782223/lat 12.609722)">Gubbah</a> vill. env., 7 m., 12°36'35"N 53°46'56"E, 23.XI.2003, 1♂ 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.980278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.610556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.980278/lat 12.610556)">Wadi Ayhaft</a>, 190 m., 12°36'38"N 53°58'49"E, 24. –26.XI.2003, 1♂ 4♀ 5ims.5juvs., leg. P. Kabátek &amp; D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.06361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.615278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.06361/lat 12.615278)">Wadi Deneghen</a>, 85 m., 12°36'55"N 54°03'49"E, 27.XI.2003, 1♀, leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.210835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.634722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.210835/lat 12.634722)">Qaariah</a> vill. env., 11 m., 12°38'05"N 54°12'39"E, 28.XI.2003, 1♀, leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.308887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.574166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.308887/lat 12.574166)">Homhil</a> protected area, 364 m., 12°34'27"N 54°18'32"E, 28.–29.XI.2003, 1♂, leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.13528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.603056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.13528/lat 12.603056)">Wadi Shederhed</a>, 290 m., 12°36'11"N 54°08'07"E, 30.XI.2003, 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.985832&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.518888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.985832/lat 12.518888)">Dixam</a> plateau, Sirhin area, 812 m., 12°31'08"N 53°59'09"E, 1. – 2.XII.2003, 1♀ 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.00028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.597777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.00028/lat 12.597777)">Al Haghier mts.</a>, W slopes, Skant area, 12°35'52"N 54°00'01"E, 1240 m., 2.XII.2003, 1♀, leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.031387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.794445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.031387/lat 12.794445)">Dixam</a> plateau, Firmihin area, 428 m., 12°47'40"N 54°01'53"E, 3.XII.2003, 2juvs., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.17806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.5386112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.17806/lat 2.5386112)">Ba’a</a> vill. env., 234 m., 2°32'19"N 54°10'41"E, 5.XII.2003, 2♀ 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.63222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.336111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.63222/lat 12.336111)">Noged</a> plain, Qaareh (waterfall), 57 m., 12°20'10"N 53°37'56"E, 5.–6.XII.2003, 1im.2juvs., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.02972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.3525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.02972/lat 12.3525)">Noged</a> plain, sand dunes, 11 m., 12°21'09"N 54°01'47"E, 5.–6. XII.2003, 1♂, leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.996387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.386389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.996387/lat 12.386389)">Noged</a> plain, Wadi Ireeh, 95 m., 12°23'11"N 53°59'47"E, 6.–7.XII.2003, 1im.2juvs., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.502224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.502224/lat 12.695)">Qalansiyah</a> env., Ditwah (lagoon), 23 m., 12°41'42"N 53°30'08"E, 9.XII.2003, 1♀ 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.4625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.6472225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.4625/lat 12.6472225)">Qalansiyah</a> env., Khayrha mts., N slopes, 12°38'50"N 53°27'45"E, 85– 592 m., 9.–10. XII.2003, 1♀ 1juv., leg. D. Král, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 60–80 mm. For habitus see Figs. 107–110. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp located between trichobothria et and dt or on level with trichobothrium et (Fig. 4). Male metasomal and pedipalp segments longer and narrower, fingers of pedipalps slightly twisted, vesicle narrower (female vesicle markedly inflated). Pectinal teeth number 27–32 in males, 22–26 in females. Entire body only sparsely hirsute, especially metasomal segments. Color yellow to yellowish brown, only front parts of carapace, fingers and chelicerae black. Chelicerae reticulate. Femur of pedipalps with five carinae, patella with eight carinae. Most carinae smooth, often indistinct, with only a few granules. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14 or rarely 15 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with four well defined ventral carinae. First to fourth metasomal segments with 10 carinae. Fifth metasomal segment with 7 carinae, 5 ventral (3 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal, any of which may be indistinct. First metasomal segment of female may be wider than long, in male is always longer than wide. Second metasomal segment always longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Yemen: Socotra Islands (Pocock, 1889: 337). Record for Aden (Borelli, 1915: 460) must be considered dubious.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F39FF832192181B0D7CF8A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F34FF8423591EB20BEDFDAE.text	B62B34242F34FF8423591EB20BEDFDAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta stockwelli Kovařík 2007	<div><p>Hottentotta stockwelli sp. n</p> <p>(Figs. 112–113, 148–153, Table 1)</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. India, Andhra Pradesh, Gooty; FKCP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. India, Andhra Pradesh, Gooty, 1♀ (holotype, Figs. 112–113), II.2005, leg. V. Fura, FKCP. Maharashtra, Bombay env., 1♂ (allotype), collector unknown, FKCP.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after Dr. Scott A. Stockwell, who has contributed to our knowledge of scorpions in many areas.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 41–50 mm. For habitus see Figs. 112–113. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est, near est. Male with fingers proximally twisted, manus and metasomal segments wider than female, Pectinal teeth number 24–25. Chelicerae yellow to green, without reticulation. Entire body only sparsely hirsute, especially metasomal segments. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are short. Color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown. Metasomal carinae may be black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Dorsal surfaces of femur and internal surface of patella granulated. Patella with 2 or 4 carinae on internal surface, no other carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral granulated carinae. Dorsal surfaces of mesosoma and carapace densely granulated. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth segment with eight carinae and a short row of granules in the center of lateral part; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Metasoma granulated between carinae except dorsal surface, which is sparsely granulated, usually smooth at center and often bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. Telson also granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. First metasomal segment of adults wider than long, but second and third metasomal segment longer than wide in both sexes. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio is around 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment around 1.4–1.5.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: Total length 41 (male allotype)–50 (female holotype) mm. The habitus is shown in Figs. 1 12–113. Measurements of the carapace, telson, segments of the metasoma and of the pedipalps, and numbers of pectinal teeth in the holotype and allotype are given in Table 1. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp is situated between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1), nearly on the same level as trichobothrium est. Pectinal teeth number 24–25 in male and 24– 24 in female. Chelicerae yellow to green, without reticulation, only tips of teeth on fingers of chelicerae are black. The male with fingers proximally twisted, manus and metasomal segments wider than female, long of the metasomal segments is the same in both sexes.</p> <p>COLORATION: Color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown. Mesosomal segments usually with orange posterior band. Metasomal carinae may be black as well.</p> <p>MESOSOMA AND CARAPACE: The mesosoma has three carinae on the dorsal surface and two carinae on the ventral surface with the exception of the seventh segment, whose ventral surface bears four well marked carinae. The dorsal surface is densely granulated (granules take up more space than the gaps between them), whereas the ventral surface is smooth.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS: The pedipalps are hirsute, but not densely. The hairs are short. The femur of pedipalps has five carinae and the dorsal surface is covered by granules. Patella with 2 or 4 carinae and granules on internal surface, no other carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 14 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules.</p> <p>METASOMA AND TELSON: The first metasomal segment of both sexes is always wider than long, but the second and third metasomal segments longer than wide in both sexes. The first to third segments bear 10 carinae, the fourth segment bears eight carinae and a short row of granules in the center of lateral part, and the fifth segment bears only five carinae. Metasoma granulated between carinae except dorsal surface, which is sparsely granulated, usually smooth at center and often bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. Telson also granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear larger terminal granules. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio is around 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment around 1.4–1.5 (see Table 1).</p> <p>COMMENTS. Since the examined male is mounted dry, I therefore designate a female preserved in alcohol as the holotype.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish H. stockwelli sp. n. from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. H. stockwelli sp. n. is closest to H. finneganae sp. n. from Pakistan. Apart from the number of rows of granules on the movable fingers (see key), which may be found to some degree to be variable in newly discovered specimens, the two species differ in the granulation of mesosomal segments, with the granules markedly larger and much more dense in H. stockwelli (granules take up more space than the gaps between them). Also the hair cover of the pedipalps is different, denser and much shorter in H. stockwelli sp. n. These two species are similar to the widely distributed H. rugiscutis, with which they share size and number of teeth in the pecten. However, they have markedly narrower metasoma, in which the second segment of both sexes is longer than wide (see Table 1 and Figs. 88 and 112).</p> <p>As to the pubescence of pedipalps, it should be added that three Indian species (H. rugiscutis, H. stockwelli sp. n. and H. tamulus) have the patella densely covered by short hairs with scattered sparse long hairs. All other species of Hottentotta have only long hairs on the patella, either dense or sparse.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F34FF8423591EB20BEDFDAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F32FF8422FB1CF40BE0FA61.text	B62B34242F32FF8422FB1CF40BE0FA61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta syrticus (Borelli 1914)	<div><p>Hottentotta syrticus (Borelli, 1914), nomen dubium</p> <p>Buthus syrticus Borelli, 1914: 156; Borelli, 1934: 172; Caporiacco, 1937: 350; Vachon, 1949: 162 (1952: 248); Pérez Minocci, 1974: 22.</p> <p>Buthotus syrticus: El-Hennawy, 1992: 118.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) syrticus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 144.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Libya, Homs, type lost (MCSN).</p> <p>COMMENTS. The MCSN holotype (a male) could not be located and no additional specimens are known. The original description causes me to suspect that it could be a synonym of H. minax or H. niloticus, however since Libya has been fairly well surveyed and no Hottentotta found, it is also possible that the locality is wrong or the name is a synonym of some Buthus. This species was transferred to Buthotus (= Hottentotta) only formally by El-Hennawy (1992: 118) and the only indication to justify the act was that Borelli (1914: 156) compared it to Buthus hottentotta.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Libya (Borelli, 1914: 158).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F32FF8422FB1CF40BE0FA61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F32FF9B231A1BB90C68FC47.text	B62B34242F32FF9B231A1BB90C68FC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta tamulus (Fabricius 1798)	<div><p>Hottentotta tamulus (Fabricius, 1798)</p> <p>(Figs. 19, 114–120)</p> <p>Scorpio tamulus Fabricius, 1793: 152 (nomen nudum); Fabricius, 1798: 294; Herbst, 1800: 85; Kraepelin, 1891: 228; Zimsen, 1964: 638.</p> <p>Buthus tamulus: Pocock, 1900a: 23; Kraepelin, 1905: 195; Simon, 1905: 160; Takashima, 1945: 76; Tolunay, 1959: 368; Khatoon, 1986: 645.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) tamulus: Birula, 1914: 654; Birula, 1917: 214.</p> <p>Buthotus tamulus: Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 91; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21; Kovařík, 1992: 183.</p> <p>Mesobuthus tamulus: Hjelle, 1990: 48; Simard &amp; Watt, 1990: 419; Dupré, Lambert &amp; Gérard, 1998: 70; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 179; Khatoon, 1999: 212.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) tamulus: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Hottentotta tamula: Kovařík, 2001b: 84; Kovařík, 2002: 8.</p> <p>Hottentotta tamulus: Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 108.</p> <p>Buthus tamulus typicus: Pocock, 1900a: 24.</p> <p>Mesobuthus tamulus tamulus: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 216; Bastawade, 1992: 221; Bastawade, 1994: 435; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 179; Bastawade, 2002: 294.</p> <p>= Buthus nigro lineatus Dufour, 1856: 570 (syn by Kraepelin, 1899: 20).</p> <p>Buthus nigrolineatus: Kraepelin, 1905: 196.</p> <p>= Buthus grammurus Thorell, 1889: 567; Kraepelin, 1899: 20; Kraepelin, 1901: 267; Kraepelin, 1913: 128; Roewer, 1929: 611; Vachon, 1940b: 248 (syn. by Pocock, 1900a: 23).</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) grammurus: Roewer, 1943: 206.</p> <p>Buthus martensii: Pocock, 1889: 335; Pocock, 1890b: 236 (in part); Pocock, 1893: 303; Kraepelin, 1895: 82 (in part) (syn. by Pocock, 1900a: 23).</p> <p>= Buthus tamulus concanensis Pocock, 1900a: 25. Syn. n.</p> <p>Mesobuthus tamulus concanensis: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 188; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 179; Bastawade, 2002: 294.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) tamulus concanensis: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>= Buthus tamulus sindicus Pocock, 1900a: 25; Birula, 1917: 241. Syn. n.</p> <p>Buthotus tamulus sindicus: Pérez Minocci, 1974: 21.</p> <p>Mesobuthus tamulus sindicus: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 194; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 180.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) tamulus sindica: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>= Buthus tamulus gujaratensis Pocock, 1900a: 25. Syn. n.</p> <p>Buthotus tamulus gujaratensis: Pérez Minocci, 1974: 22.</p> <p>Mesobuthus tamulus gujaratensis: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 201; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 180.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) tamulus gujaratensis: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>= Buthus tamulus gangeticus Pocock, 1900a: 25; Kraepelin, 1913: 129. Syn. n.</p> <p>Buthotus tamulus gangeticus: Pérez Minocci, 1974: 22.</p> <p>Mesobuthus tamulus gangeticus: Tikader &amp; Bastawade, 1983: 208; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 180.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) tamulus gangeticus: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. India orientalis; original type lost. Neotype from India, Maharashtra, Bombay env., hereby designated; NMPC.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. India, Gujarat, Karaghora in Kattywar 1♀ (lectotype of Buthus tamulus gujaratensis Pocock, 1900 hereby designated, Figs. 116– 117) 1♀ (paralectotype of Buthus tamulus gujaratensis Pocock, 1900), leg. H. Buckley, BMNH No. 1896.7.30.44–46; Maharashtra, Bombay env., 1965, 1♂ (neotype of Scorpio tamulus Fabricius, 1793 hereby designated, Fig. 118), NMPC; Ratnágiri, South Konkan, 1♂ (lectotype of Buthus tamulus concanensis Pocock, 1900 hereby designated, Figs. 114–115), 1♀ (paralectotype of Buthus tamulus concanensis Pocock, 1900), leg. W. H. Drew, BMNH No. 1896.7.30.6–16; Uttar Pradesh, Dehra Dun, 1♂ (lectotype of Buthus tamulus gangeticus Pocock, 1900 hereby designated) 3♀ 2juvs. (paralectotypes of Buthus tamulus gangeticus Pocock, 1900), leg. A. V. Kemball, BMNH No. 1896.10.20.34–39. Pakistan, Khalat frontier in Upper Sind, 1♂ (No. 946, lectotype of Buthus tamulus sindicus Pocock, 1900 hereby designated, Fig. 119) 2♂ 3♀ (paralectotypes of Buthus tamulus sindicus Pocock, 1900), leg. A. V. Kemball, BMNH No. 1896.10.20.?28– 33.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. India, Lanooli, 1♂ 3♀, 10.XII.1911, leg. Löw-Beer, SMFD Nos. 5251 and 5260; Dekan, Nilgiris, 1im., SMFD No. 8851/193; Dekan, Anamalei, 1juv., SMFD No. 8852/194; mouth of a river Ganga, 1♂ 4♀, leg. Šmala, NMPC; N. India, Behr, Mongyo Dist., 2♂ 2♀ (Fig. 120) 1juv., FKCP; Andhra Pradesh, 2 mi W Narkatpalli, 800 m, 7.XI.1962, 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Gandavaram, 2.IX.1966, 1♀, leg. E. Jacob, CASC; Nellore, Kovur Taluk, 11.IX.1966, 4♀, 12.IX.1966, 3♀, leg. E. Jacob, CASC; Podile, 10.VIII.1966, 1♀, 13.II.1967, 1♀ 20juvs before first ecdysis, 23.VIII.1967, 1♂ 1♀, leg. D. E. Johnson, CASC; Kandukur env., IX.1980, 2♂ 4♀, leg. P. Rojek, FKCP;? Andhra Pradesh, Tharigoppula, 2.VII.1967, 1im., 3.VIII.1967, 2♀ 1juv., leg. A. L. Slater, CASC; Merireddy Palem, 7.VIII.1966, 1♂, 10.VIII.1966, 1♀, 12.VII.1966, 1♀, leg. D. E. Johnson, CASC; Hanamkonda, 10.VIII.1967, 1juv., leg. E. Wiebe, CASC; Bihar, 3 mi. N Kodarma, 440 m., 12.XI.1961, 1♀ 2juvs., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Gujarat, Bhuj-Hill, Desert of Kutch, X.1970, 1♀, leg. M. S. Dubale, CASC; Jharkhand, 12 mi. NE Dumka, 200 m., 31.X.1961, 1♀1♀ (im.)5juvs., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Dhanbad env., XI.1980, 1♀, leg. P. Rojek, FKCP; Deoghar env. X.1980, 2♀, leg. P. Rojek, FKCP; Madhya Pradesh, 5 mi SW Manpur, 480 m., 13.I.1962, 2juvs, leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; 21 mi from Damoh, 15.VII.1965, 1♀, leg. S. N. Banerjee, CASC; Maharashtra, 3 mi NW Sinnar, 700 m., 16.I.1962, 1juv., leg. E.S.Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Khandala, 500 m., 19.I.1962, 1juv, CASC; Daulatabad, 625 m., 27.I.1962, 1im., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; 3 mi W Edalabad, 240 m., 28.I.1962, 2♀ (ims.) 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; 5 mi SE Indapur, 450 m., 9.II.1962, 1♀ (im.), leg. E. S. Ross &amp; D. O. Cavagnaro, CASC; Dekan, Bombay 6♂ 18♀ 17juvs., SMFD No. 327/1; Bombay env., 1965, 1♂, FKCP; Bombay, IV.1980, 1♀ (Fig. 19), leg. P. Rojek, FKCP; S. Poona, 5 km N Sartara, 11.VII.1996, 2♀, leg. Werner &amp; Lorenz, FKCP; Pondichery, Karaikal, 31.V.1951, 1juv., 16.VII.1951, 1juv., VII.1951, 1♀, III.1952, 2♂ 5♀, VI.1952, 3♀ 1juv., 22.VI.1952, 1♀, VI.1953, 1♂, VII.1953, 1♀, IV.1961, 1♀, V.1961, 1♂ 2♀, III.1962, 1♀, X.1962, 1♀, leg. P. Susai Nathan, CASC; Karaikal, T.R.S.N. coll., 2002, 1♂ 1♀, 2003, 4♀ 1im., 2003, 2♂ 2♀, FKCP; Rajasthan, Dausa, 1650 ft., 5.I.1962, 2juvs., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Mahwah, 280 m., 5.I.1962, 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Barr, 450 m., 7.I.1962, 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Hill S. Pali, 275 m., 8.I.1962, 1im. 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Alwar district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.28616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.091" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.28616/lat 27.091)">Naranimata</a> env., 27 ° 05,46 N 76 ° 17,17 E, 380 m., VI–VIII.2002, 1♂ 1im. 1juv., leg. P. Šrámek, FKCP; Tamil Nadu, Kurumbargum, VII.1954, 1♀, II.1957, 1♀, CASC; Coimbatore, VII.1951, 1♀, 29.XII.1951, 1♀, 14.IX.1953, 1♀, V.1961, 1♀, CASC; 10 mi S Udamalpet, 450 m., 19.III.1962, 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross &amp; D. Cavagnaro, CASC; outside of Madras (now Chennai), XII.1964, 1♂ (im.), leg. F. B. Steiner, CASC; Tiruparan Kundram, 8 km SW. Madurai, 26.XII.1989, 1juv., leg. V. et B. Roth, CASC; Alagarkoil, 21 km NE Madurai, 27–28.XII.1989, 6juvs., leg. V. et B. Roth, CASC; Nagia Birbhan, 30 mi. SW Agra, 240 m., 2.I.1962, 1juv., leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Dindigul Anna district, 10 km NE di Dindigul, 21.X.1997, 1♂, leg. A. Sforzi &amp; L. Bartolozzi, MZUF No. 735; Coimbatore, X.1980, 1♀, leg. P. Rojek, FKCP; West Bengal, Calcutta, 13.VIII.1965, 1♂, col. Manik Lal Seth, 17.VIII.1965, 2♂ 3♀ 2juvs., VIII.1965, 1♀, leg. B. V. College, 9.VIII.1966, 1♂, 26.III.1967, 1♀, leg. Duial Mondal, IV.1967, 1♂, leg. K. N. Das, 4– 15.IV.1967, 1♀, leg. D. N. Santra, 9.VII.1967, 1im. 1juv., leg. Duial Mondal, 15.VII.1967, 1♀, leg. Madhab, CASC; 6 mi. NE Borio, 220 m., 30.X.1961, 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross et D. Cavagnaro, CASC; Calcutta, X.1980, 1♀, leg. P. Rojek, FKCP. Pakistan, 7 mi NW Las Bela dist., 2.I.1960, 1♀, leg. S. A. Minton, CASC; 7 mi NW Uthal, Las Bela dist., 2.I.1960, 1♂, leg. S. A. Minton, CASC; Tatta env., XII.1979, 1♀, 1980, 1♂, leg. P. Rojek, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 50–90 mm. For habitus see Figs. 114–120. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp chela situated between trichobothria et and est or on level with trichobothrium est. Male with fingers proximally twisted, manus of pedipalps wider than female. Pectinal teeth number 30–39 in males, 27–34 in females. Chelicerae yellow, reticulate. Pedipalps densely hirsute, legs and metasoma sparsely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are short. Color uniformly yellow to reddish, mesosoma dark. Ventral carinae on metasomal segments usually black. Femur of pedipalp with 5 carinae. Patella with 2 or 4 carinae on internal surface, no other carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 13–15 rows of granules and 5 or 6 terminal granules. Seventh mesosomal sternite smooth, with 4 well marked black carinae. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth metasomal segment with 10 or rarely 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 or 7 carinae. Metasoma sparsely to densely granulated between carinae. Dorsal surface densely and very finely granulated, often bears 2 short, inconspicuous marginal carinae. Telson also granulated. Dorsal carinae of metasomal segments bear terminal granules of size approximately equal to preceding granules. First metasomal segments of adult female wider than long (in male usually as long as wide), second metasomal segment longer than wide for both sexes. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio about 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment about 1.5. Telson bulbous, especially in large females.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Fixing a neotype of H. tamulus is important because some populations were described as subspecies which are here synonymized. Since the species is widely distributed, it is important to narrow down the type locality. For these reasons I designate a male in the NMPC collection as the neotype. It is a 72 mm long specimen that matches all characters in the above diagnosis.</p> <p>The lectotypes are being designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature. Fine dorsal granulation of metasomal segments and fine ventral granulation of the mesosoma are variable and their gradation used by Pocock (1900: 23–26) and Tikader &amp; Bastawade (1983: 187–188) to distinguish subspecies of H. tamulus becomes invalid as soon as a sufficient number of specimens is examined. Generally, this granulation is much weaker in males.</p> <p>The variability of coloration (Figs. 114 and 120) cuts across the subspecies described by Pocock (1900: 25). It is worth mentioning that for the subspecies H. t. gangeticus Pocock (1900: 25) recorded both dark and light forms.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India (Fabricius, 1798: 295), Pakistan (Pocock, 1900a: 25; Khatoon, 1986: 645).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F32FF9B231A1BB90C68FC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F2DFF9E21861DD70B94F906.text	B62B34242F2DFF9E21861DD70B94F906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta trilineatus (Peters 1862)	<div><p>Hottentotta trilineatus (Peters, 1862)</p> <p>(Figs. 20, 121–125)</p> <p>Centrurus trilineatus Peters, 1862: 515; Pocock, 1896b: 425; Moritz &amp; Fischer, 1980: 324.</p> <p>Buthus trilineatus: Kraepelin, 1899: 21; Pocock, 1900b: 57; Kraepelin, 1901: 266; Borelli, 1904a: 1; Kraepelin, 1905: 195; Tullgren, 1907: 2; Hirst, 1911a: 1; Masi, 1912: 95; Kraepelin, 1913: 169; Hewitt, 1918: 103, 175; Loveridge, 1925: 305; Hewitt, 1935: 465; Roewer, 1952: 27; Geeraerts, 1953: 1066; Lawrence, 1955: 225; Lawrence, 1961: 153; Lawrence, 1964: 34; Lawrence, 1967: 84; Aguiar, 1978: 108.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) trilineatus: Werner, 1936: 175; Caporiacco, 1941: 33; Moriggi, 1941: 85; Roewer, 1943: 207; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.</p> <p>Hottentotta trilineatus trilineatus: Caporiacco, 1949: 314.</p> <p>Buthotus trilineatus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 103; Probst, 1973: 320; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 504; Stahnke &amp; Calos, 1977: 119; Newlands &amp; Martindale, 1980: 53; El-Hennawy, 1992: 118.</p> <p>Hottentotta trilineata: Dupre &amp; Balliet, 1997: 5.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) trilineatus: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 144.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) trilineata: Kovařík, 1998: 110.</p> <p>Hottentotta trilineata: Kovařík, 2001b: 84; Kovařík, 2002: 8; Kovařík, 20 03: 140.</p> <p>Hottentotta trilineatus: Leeming, 2003: 47; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 108; Prendini, 2005: 66.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta (in part): Kraepelin, 1891: 185 (see Kraepelin, 1899: 21).</p> <p>= Buthus eminii Pocock, 1890c: 98; Kraepelin, 1895: 83; Pocock, 1896b: 425; Pocock, 1897b: 402; Pocock, 1898a: 430; Pocock, 1898b: 499; Pocock, 1900b: 57; Kraepelin, 1903: 559; Hirst, 1911b: 217; Birula, 1915a: 121; Birula, 1916: 60; Borelli, 1919: 362; Loveridge, 1925: 305; Borelli, 1925a: 9; Caporiacco, 1936: 135 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899: 21).</p> <p>Buthus (Buthus) eminii: Pocock, 1890a: 126.</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) emini: Birula, 1915a: 123; Birula, 1915b: f11; Werner, 1934: 269; Caporiacco, 1939: 304; Moriggi, 1941: 86; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta emini: Kraepelin, 1929: 88.</p> <p>Buthotus emini: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 107; Probst, 1973: 321.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) eminii: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 137.</p> <p>= Buthus trilineatus fuscatus Masi, 1912: 95 (syn. by Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 106).</p> <p>Buthus hottentotta minax fuscata: Caporiacco, 1937: 358.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) trilineata fuscata: Kovařík, 1998: 111.</p> <p>= Buthus fuscitruncus Caporiacco, 1936: 136; Caporiacco, 1937: 358; Vachon, 1949: 162 (1952: 248) (syn. by Kovařík, 2003: 140).</p> <p>Buthus (Hottentotta) fuscitruncus: Caporiacco, 1939: 304; Moriggi, 1941: 87.</p> <p>Buthotus fuscitruncus: Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968: 110; Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 500; El-Hennawy, 1992: 116.</p> <p>Hottentotta (Hottentotta) fuscitruncus: Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 138.</p> <p>Hottentotta cf. polystictus: Kovařík, 1997b: 180.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Mozambique, Tette; ZMHB.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Mozambique, Tette, 1♀ (holotype), leg. W. Peters, ZMHB No. 2328. Kenya, South shore of Victoria Nyanza, 1♀ (holotype of Buthus eminii Pocock, 1890, Fig. 125), BMNH No. 90.4.15.2. Somalia, Belet Amin, 1♂ (holotype of Buthus fuscitruncus Caporiacco, 1936), VII.1934, MCSN.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Botswana, bor., Kasane env., 29.XII.1996 – 7.I.1997, 1♀ 1juv., leg. M. Snížek, FKCP. Egypt,? probably locality error, 1♀, SMFD No. 5246. Eritrea, Assab, 1882–1884, Bouturlin, 1♂ 3♀ 1juv. before first ecdysis, MZUF No. 653; Ghenafena (8 km from Serae), V.1901, 1♂ 1♀ 1juv., V. 1901, MZUF Nos. 660 and 646. Ethiopia, Aegyptem vagy Abyssinia, 1898, 2ims., leg. Frundsberg, HNHM No. 1183; Dongollo, 20–30.XII.1900, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 654; Amba Mussolinii, 12.II.1937, 1♂, leg. U. Ignesti, MZUF No. 655; Neghelli, Borana, 1938, 1♀, leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF No. 652; Sagan Omo, Dande, 23.III.1939, 1♀, leg. Zavattari, MZUF No. 651; Sagan Omo, El Bano, 1juv., 30.IV.1939, 2♂ 1♀ 2juvs., 2.V.1939, 1♀, 5.V.1939, 1♂ 4♀ 1juv., 9.V.1939, 2juvs., 30.V.1939, 1♀, 7.VI.1939, 2♂ 1♀ 1juv., 10.VI.1939, 2♀, VI.1939, leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF Nos. 637–643, 656; Sagan Omo, El Meti, 1♂ 1♀ 2juvs., 14.V.1939, leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF No. 645; Sagan Omo, El Dire, 15–18.V.1939, 1♂ 1♀ 2juvs., leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF No. 644; Sagan Omo, Gondaraba, 1juv., 2.VI.1939, 1♂ 1juv., 10.VI.1939, 1♀, 13.VI.1939, 1♂ 2juvs., 18.VI.1939, leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF Nos. 647–9, 657; Sagan Omo, Gongabacno [= Gonga Bainu?], 17.VI.1939, 1♂ 2 juvs., leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF No. 650; Caschei, 10.VII.1939, 1♂ 3♀, leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF No. 658; Yambo, 2♂ 2♀, IV.1995, leg. R. Lízler, FKCP; Kersabor, V. 1996, 1♀, leg. R. Lízler, FKCP; Gemu Gofa, Arba Minch, 2– 3.V.1997, 2♀, leg. Werner, FKCP; Sidamo, near Negele borana, 7–8.V.1997, 1♂ 1juv., leg. Werner &amp; Lízler, FKCP; Wachile-Yavello, Sidamo, 1♂, 28–29.IV.1998, leg. Werner, FKCP; Parco Nazionale Awash, Harerge Region, Habro, boscaglia, 25.VII.2002, 1♀, leg. Sforzi &amp; L. Bartolozzi. MZUF No. 659. Kenya, O. A. Afrika, Mombasa, 1♀, 25.XII.1969, leg. M. Grasshoff, SMFD; Voi, 1♀, XI.1978, leg. M. Grasshoff, SMFD; Sangala Hills, 1♀ 1♂ (im.), XII.1993, leg. Werner, FKCP; Babati, XII.1993, 1♀, leg. Werner, NMPC; Taita district, surroundings of Voi, 31.V–03.VI.1994, 1♀, leg. L. Bartolozzi, B. Cecchi &amp; A. Sforzi, MZUF No. 1107; Voi (Tsavo), 1♂ 1♀, 24–28.I.1996, 2♂ 1juv., 10.XII.1999, leg. M. Snížek, 22.XI–2.XII.1996, 4♂ 5♀ 1juv., leg. M. Snížek, 3♀, 1.VI.1997, leg. O. Bužga, 13–17.XII.1997, 8♂ 12♀, leg. M. Snížek, 3♂, 2001, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Lodwar, 2♀ 1juv., 20.XII.1995, leg. M. Snížek &amp; Smrž, FKCP; 50 km N of Namanga, Ilbisil env., 18.XI.1997, 3♂ 3♀ 1juv., leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Eastern Mwingi env., 4.XII.1997, 1♀, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; S. Magadi, Lake Magadi env., 6.XII.1997, 19♂ (Figs. 122– 123) 26♀ 4juvs.10juvs. before first ecdysis, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Nairobi env., 36°62'E 01°30'S, 2000 m., 7.XII.1997, 5♂ 15♀, leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; Katutu- Kithioko, 27.XI.1999, 5♂ 7♀ 1juv., leg. M. Snížek, FKCP; between Isiola and Turkana lake, IX.2003, 1♂ 1juv., leg. T. Mazuch, FKCP; between Madogo and Garissa, west of Tana river, VIII.2005, 1♂ (Fig. 124) 2♀, leg. T. Mazuch, FKCP. Mozambique, Tete, 1♂ 3♀ 4juvs, IV.1947, SMFD; Tette, 2juvs.(♀ and ♂), IV.1980, FKCP. Somalia, 1♂ 8♀, circa 1970, MZUF Nos. 870 and 1170; Afgoi, 1.V.1937, 1♀, 13.VII.1959, 1♀, 1960, 1♂, 1970, 1♂, leg. A. Simonetta, MZUF Nos. 846, 850, 1 166; Gelib, d. Missione Cattolica, 1962, 1♂, MZUF No. 847; Belet Amin, VII.1934, 2♂ 1♀, leg. S. Patrizi MZUF No. 844; Bur Dinsor, 300– 370 m., 19.VII.1962, 1♂ 1juv., 3.VI.1978, 1♂ 1♀ 1juv., leg. B. Lanza, MZUF Nos. 848, 866 and 1104; 2 km dopo Mahas, 3.VIII.1969, 1juv., S.B. S., MZUF No. 849; Giohar, 8.VIII.1970, 1♂ 4♀, S.B. S., MZUF No. 851; ca 50 km da Chisimaio venendo da Badadda, 19.VIII.1970, 3♀ 1juv., MZUF No. 852; Chisimajo, duna, 20.VIII.1970, 1♀, leg. F. Ferrara &amp; B. Lanza MZUF No. 853; Sar Uanle, 1♂, 31.XI.1971, 2♂, XI.1971, 1♂ 1♀, IX.1972, 2♀, V.1973, 1♀, 7.VI.1973, 4♀, 1.VIII.1975, 2♀, 11.VIII.1975, 1♀, 14.VIII.1975, MZUF Nos. 854–863, 871; Baidoa, 12– 28.VI.1978, 3♂ 4♀, MZUF No. 867; Berdale, 13.VI.1978, 1♂ 4♀ 1im., MZUF No. 868; El Ure, 16 km da Vegit sulla pista per Lug, 16.VI.1978, 1♂ 1♀, MZUF No. 865; Edain Caboda, 18.VI.1978, 2♂ 1♀ 2juvs., MZUF No. 864; Arbasala, 56 km NW di Iscia Baidoa, 25.VI.1978, 1♀ 1juv., MZUF No. 869. South Africa, Transvaal, Southpansberg env., Steinen, XI.1970, 1♂ 1♀, leg. Lamoral, SMFD No. 29296; 1998, 1♂ 1♀, FKCP. Tanzania, O. Afrika, Tanga, 1♀, SMFD No. 6674/81; Laiverere, 1♂, 28.I.1960, leg. J. Szunyeghy, HNHM; Mto Wa Mbu, IV.1997, 5♂ 8♀ 2juvs., leg. P. Senft, FKCP; Arusha distr., Naberera env., 8– 13.IV.1997, 10♂ 15♀ 2juvs.(Figs. 20 and 121), leg. J. Rolčík &amp; P. Senft, FKCP; Arusha distr. Mto Wa Mbu env., 15.-20.IV.1997, 1♂, leg. J. Stolarczyk, FKCP; near Babati, 6.XII.1997, 1♂ 4♀, leg. Werner &amp; Lízler, FKCP; near Babati, 6.XII.1997, 1♂ 4♀, leg. Werner &amp; Lízler, FKCP; E. Usambara Mts, dint. di Amani, 17– 20.VI.1998, 1♂ 3♀, leg L. Bartolozzi &amp; A. Sforzi, MZUF No. 882; 20 km a SE di Mto Wa Mbu sulla strada per Makuyuni, 1100 m., 10–25.IV.1999, 2♂ 3♀ 1juv., leg. L. Bartolozzi, B. Carletti, B. Cecchi, L. Dapporto, F. Fabiano &amp; A. Sforzi, MZUF No. 881.? Tanzania, O. Afrika, Iraku-Landschaft, Kohl-Larsen, 1939, 1♂ 1♀, SMFD No. 5388; O. Afrika, Matelebach, Kohl-Larsen, 2♀, SMFD No. 5389; D. O. Afrika, 2♂, leg. F. Kinkelin, SMFD No. 5219. Zimbabwe, NW, 70 km W of Karoi, Masanga env., 20.XII.1998, 1♀, leg. S. Bečvář, FKCP; Victoria Falls, 6.I.2002, 1♀, leg. L. Adámek, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 35–65 mm. For habitus see Figs. 121–125. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est or on level with trichobothrium est, or rarely between est and esb. Male with fingers proximally twisted and manus and metasomal segments wider than female. Pectinal teeth number 22–28 in males, 17–25 in females. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation. Nearly entire body hirsute, but not densely. Color uniformly yellow to reddish brown, mesosomal segments and carapace usually with orange spots and longitudinal black stripes. Metasomal carinae may be black as well. Femur of pedipalp with 3 complete and 2 incomplete carinae. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are smooth, without granules and obsolete. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 11–13 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae and two ventral rows of granules. All carinae granulated, dorsal carinae bear larger terminal granules. In males granules usually larger and more pronounced than in females. First metasomal segment of adults wider than long, second metasomal segment usually longer than wide, but in males may be wider than long. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment less than 1.6.</p> <p>COMMENTS. This widely distributed and very common species enabled me to study variation within the taxon. I have examined many specimens brought by Czech entomologists from Kenya and Tanzania, as well as those from Somalia and Ethiopia deposited in Italian museums. Some smaller males have only slightly widened manus of pedipalp and their metasomal segments are only as wide (in relation to body width) as in females. Conversely, some larger males have extremely wide manus, very conspicuously granulated metasomal carinae, and their fourth and fifth metasomal segments are often wider and more bulging than in smaller males. In the largest females the morphology approaches that of males, especially in the granulation of metasomal carinae and the relative width of metasomal segments. Color is also variable, lighter in specimens from drier areas of Somalia, Ethiopia and northern Kenya (Fig. 124). As in other widely distributed species, it is likely that the color (Figs. 121–124) is influenced by the color and texture of the substrate (see Hendrixson, 2006: 84). The described variation has resulted in a surplus of names, as small samples from disparate areas may easily give the impression of separate species.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Botswana (Probst, 1973: 320), Democratic Republic of Congo (Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 144), Djibouti (Kraepelin, 1901: 266), Eritrea, Ethiopia (Borelli, 1901: 1; Kraepelin, 1903: 560), Kenya (Pocock, 1890c: 99), Mozambique (Peters, 1862: 516), Somalia (Pocock, 1897b: 402), South Africa (Hewitt, 1918: 103), Tanzania (Pocock, 1898a: 430), Uganda (Fage &amp; Simon, 1936: 301), Zambia (Newlands &amp; Martindale, 1980: 72), Zimbabwe (Hirst, 1911a: 12). Records from Egypt (see Kraepelin, 1901: 266 and the SMFD female above) and Namibia must be considered dubious, see also Vachon &amp; Stockmann (1968: 103) and Fet &amp; Lowe (2000: 144).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F2DFF9E21861DD70B94F906	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
B62B34242F28FF96231E189C0DEAF9BC.text	B62B34242F28FF96231E189C0DEAF9BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hottentotta zagrosensis Kovarik 1997	<div><p>Hottentotta zagrosensis Kovařík, 1997</p> <p>(Figs 1–3, 126–129)</p> <p>Hottentotta zagrosensis Kovařík, 1997a: 41; Kovařík, 1998: 111; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 144.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Iran, Fars prov., alt. ca. 1000 m, Zagros Mts., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.5/lat 30.383333)">Abshar</a> vill. env., 30°23'N 51°30'E; FKCP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Iran, Fars prov., alt. ca. 1000 m., Zagros Mts., Abshar vill. env., 2–3.V.1996 1♂ (holotype, Figs. 126–127) 1♂ (im.) and its ecdysis (paratype No. 1), leg. J. Pitulová, 1♀ (allotype, Fig. 129) 2juvs. (paratypes No. 2 and No. 3), leg. V. Šejna, 1juv. (paratype No. 4), leg. D. Král, FKCP.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Iran, West Azerbaijan prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.994167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.911114" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.994167/lat 38.911114)">Bastan</a>, 1270 m., 38°54'40"N 44°59'39"E, 1♀, 30.IX–1.X.1998, leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP; Húzestán prov., 10km W. Ize, 900 m, 31°45'19"N 49°48'18"E, 1♂ (Fig. 128) 1♀ 1juv., 12–13.X.1998, leg. P. Kabátek, FKCP; 5 km SE of Posht Chenár, 20.4.2000, 29°12'941"N 53°20'014"E, alt. 1692 m., 1♀, leg. M. Kaftan, FKCP.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Male holotype 102 mm long, female allotype 103 mm long. For habitus see Figs. 126–129. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp located between trichobothria et and est (Fig. 1). Male with slightly longer and narrower metasomal segments, width of pedipalp chela same in both sexes. Pectinal teeth number 34–36 in males, 27–33 in females. Nearly entire body hirsute, pedipalps, dorsal surface of mesosoma, legs, lateral and ventral surfaces of metasomal segments, and vesicle densely hirsute. The hairs on patella of pedipalps are long. Color black except reddish brown chela of pedipalps; sometimes ends of first and second tarsomeres yellow, coxa and trochanter on ventral side of mesosoma marbled, and pectens yellowish brown (Fig. 128). Femur of pedipalps with 5 carinae and a row of granules in middle part of internal surface. Ventral surfaces of femur and patella smooth to glossy. Patella with 8 carinae. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 16 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First and second metasomal segments with 10 carinae; third segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae, 3 ventral (1 median, 2 lateral) and 2 dorsal, smooth and sometimes indistinct. Dorsal surface smooth and glossy, fifth segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae. First metasomal segment of female may be wider than long, in male is always longer than wide. Second metasomal segment always longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.1.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Iran (Kovařík, 1997a: 41).</p> <p>Key to species of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908 occurring in Asia</p> <p>1. Color black except reddish brown chela of pedipalp. Legs may also be reddish-brown. Does not occur in India ……….……………….......................................... 2 - Color not entirely black except for specimens from India which may be entirely brown to black ………..... 3</p> <p>2. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 16 cutting edges. Ventral surfaces of metasomal segments and vesicle densely hirsute. Occurs in Iran ……. H. zagrosensis Kovařík, 1997</p> <p>- Movable fingers of pedipalps with 13–14 cutting edges. Metasoma bears only a few hairs. Does not occur in Iran ………....................... H. judaicus (Simon, 1872)</p> <p>3. Chela of pedipalp always darker than femur of pedipalp ……........................... H. schach (Birula, 1905) - Chela of pedipalp of same color as femur of pedipalp, not darker....................................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Male has markedly broader manus than female ………………................................................................ 6 - Width of manus of pedipalp same in both sexes …………………............................................................ 5</p> <p>5. Ventral surfaces of metasomal segments and vesicle densely hirsute …………….… H. saulcyi (Simon, 1880) - Metasoma only sparsely hirsute ………...................... 7</p> <p>6. Ventral surfaces of metasomal segments and vesicle densely hirsute ………................................................. 13 - Metasoma only sparsely hirsute …............................ 10</p> <p>7. Telson black …………...... H. alticola (Pocock, 1895) - Telson yellow to yellowish brown ……….................. 8</p> <p>8. First metasomal segment of both sexes always wider than long, in female also second metasomal segment wider than long. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio in females 1.26–1.29……………………….. ……………………………….... H. jalalabadensis sp.n. - First and second metasomal segments of both sexes longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2 ………………......................... 9</p> <p>9. Dorsal surface of fourth metasomal segment bears 2 short, inconspicuous carinae (see fig. 19 in Vachon, 1958: 137) …................... H. penjabensis (Birula, 1897) - Dorsal surface of fourth metasomal segment smooth, without granules and carinae (see fig. 20 in Vachon, 1958: 137) …….............. H. buchariensis (Birula, 1897)</p> <p>10. Total length 30–60 mm. Pectinal teeth number 23– 29 in males, 19–26 in females ……………………..... 11 - Total length 50–90 mm. Pectinal teeth number 30–39 in males, 27–34 in females ……………………………. …………………………... H. tamulus (Fabricius, 1798)</p> <p>11. Second metasomal segment of female wider than long................................... H. rugiscutis (Pocock, 1897) - Second metasomal segment in adults of both sexes always longer than wide ………………….................. 12</p> <p>12. Movable fingers of pedipalp with 12 cutting edges. Hairs on patella of pedipalp long. Occurs in Pakistan ………………………..….............. H. finneganae sp. n. - Movable fingers of pedipalp with 14 cutting edges. Hairs on patella of pedipalp short. Occurs in India ………………………........................ H. stockwelli sp. n.</p> <p>13. Total length 35–50 mm. Pectinal teeth number 20– 24..................................... H. pachyurus (Pocock, 1897) - Total length 50–80 mm. Pectinal teeth number 26–36 ………........................................ H. jabalpurensis sp. n.</p> <p>Key to species of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908 occurring in Africa and Arabia</p> <p>1. All metasomal segments uniformly colored ……...... 4 – First two or three metasomal segments yellow, fifth segment and telson black …………………………....... 2</p> <p>2. All segments of pedipalps uniformly colored …........................................ H. scaber (Ehrenberg, 1828) – Femur of pedipalp yellow to yellowish brown, chela dark ………………………………………...……......... 3</p> <p>3. Patella of pedipalp as dark as chela ……………..…. …………….......................... H. jayakari (Pocock, 1895) – Patella of pedipalp as yellow to yellowish brown as femur …..................................... H. salei (Vachon, 1980)</p> <p>4. Telson extremely inflated (Fig. 28), both sexes with very narrow chelae. Occurs only in Angola, South Africa, and Namibia …....................................….......... 5 - Telson much less inflated ……………........................ 6</p> <p>5. Total length 32–43 mm. First metasomal segment width/length ratio 0.95–1.05 in males, 1.03–1.14 in females ………………...... H. arenaceus (Purcell, 1902) - Total length 40–65 mm. First metasomal segment width/length ratio 1.22–1.42 in males, 1.28–1.47 in females ……………….... H. conspersus (Thorell, 1876)</p> <p>6. Ventral surfaces of metasomal segments and vesicle of female densely hirsute.……………………….…..... 7 - Metasoma of both sexes bears only a few hairs …...... 8</p> <p>7. Legs yellow ……………..... H. gentili (Pallary, 1924) - Legs black or reddish brown ……………………… ……………………….... H. franzwerneri (Birula, 1914)</p> <p>8. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp located between trichobothria et and dt or on level with trichobothrium et (Fig. 4). Occurs in Socotra ……………………......... H. socotrensis (Pocock, 1889) - Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp located between trichobothria et and est or esb (Fig. 1). Does not occur in Socotra …......................................... 9</p> <p>9. Entire body black, does not occur in Africa …………............................... H. judaicus (Simon, 1872) - Usually uniformly reddish brown, some populations yellowish brown to black. Occurs in Africa …............ 10</p> <p>10. Chelicerae of both sexes yellow, without reticulation …….............................................................................. 11 - Chelicerae always reticulated in females, reticulation may be absent in males ………………………………. ……………………….. H. hottentotta (Fabricius, 1787)</p> <p>11. Metasoma wide. First metasomal segment of adults always wider than long, second metasomal segment usually wider than long............................................... 12 – Metasoma narrow. First metasomal segment usually longer than wide or as wide as long (except for some males of H. trilineata) ……….............….……........... 13</p> <p>12. Male with manus of pedipalp markedly broader than in female …………………….. H. niloticus (Birula, 1928)</p> <p>- Width of manus of pedipalp same in both sexes …………………….………... H. minax (L. Koch, 1875)</p> <p>13. Metasoma very narrow. Fourth metasomal segment length/width ratio higher than 1.6 …………………… ………………………...... H. polystictus (Pocock, 1896) – Fourth metasomal segment length/width ratio less than 1.6 ……………………….. H. trilineatus (Peters, 1861)</p> <p>DISCUSSION. Most species of Hottentotta are uniform yellowish brown, sometimes with a dark mesosoma or at least a dark spot on the anterior part of the carapace. Four species, H. franzwerneri (Birula, 1914) (Fig. 32), H. gentili (Pallary, 1924) comb. n. (Fig. 37), H. judaicus (Simon, 1872) (Fig. 64) and H. zagrosensis Kovařík, 1997 (Fig. 129), are black; in H. franzwerneri with yellow legs (Fig. 32) and in the other species with legs often lighter than the body, often reddish brown (Figs. 64 and 128). In other four species, H. salei (Vachon, 1980) comb. n. (Fig. 93), H. saulcyi (Simon, 1880) (Fig. 95), H. scaber (Ehrenberg, 1828) (Fig. 100) and H. schach (Birula, 1905) (Fig. 105), the color pattern contrasts alternating black and yellow segments of pedipalps or/and metasoma, and intraspecific variation in this regard is negligible. Close to this group is H. jayakari (Pocock, 1895), in which however the base color cannot be unequivocally described as yellow but rather ranges from yellow to brown (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Color-wise the most interesting group of species comprises H. hottentotta (Fabricius, 1787) (Figs. 42 and 43), H. rugiscutis (Pocock, 1897) (Figs. 92 and 91), H. tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) (Figs. 114 and 120) and H. trilineatus (Peters, 1862) (Figs. 124 and 122). They lack contrasting colors, but in all of them some specimens are pale yellow (Fig. 124), some nearly black (Fig. 43), and many range from shades of yellowish green to reddish brown (Fig. 42). Despite inhabiting two continents and being allopatric, these four species have much in common and appear to belong to the same species complex. Their sexual dimorphism is similar, males have fingers proximally twisted and the manus of pedipalp wider than females (Figs. 114 and 116), and they are highly variable in the position of trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp in relation to trichobothrium est. Their habitus is similar and they are often confused with the genus Mesobuthus, to which they seem to be much closer than other species of Hottentotta. All of them can also be characterized as adaptable and thus having wide geographic distributions (in comparison with other species of Hottentotta), and usually being quite common (in comparison with other scorpion genera). These attributes make the group taxonomically difficult and endowed by the most synonyms, as descriptions are often based on small samples that do not permit recognition of intraspecific variability.</p> <p>Examination of a large number of specimens has allowed me to discern variation in the width to length ratio of some metasomal segments, i.e. a character which is generally regarded as stable and which in case of the first and second segments I use in the simplified key to differentiate species with broader metasomas (H. niloticus (Birula, 1928) and H. minax (L. Koch, 1875)) from those with narrower metasomas (H. polystictus (Pocock, 1896) and H. trilineatus (Peters, 1861)). All these species show a degree of variation, namely in the width of the fourth metasomal segment, which crosses population boundaries and does not appear to be related to individual size, and this must be taken into account in species determinations. I have not found any discernible variation in the width to length ratio of the first metasomal segment, however.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B34242F28FF96231E189C0DEAF9BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František	Kovařík, František (2007): A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius 58 (58): 1-107, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1, URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2007/iss58/1/
